In Microwave Photonics links and systems:

• Phase or frequency modulation requires the use of an external modulator

• Singe sideband modulation is possible if we employ direct modulation of the optical source followed by the proper
optical filter
• Coherent Detection provides information only about the intensity of the input optical signal
• External modulation of the optical signal is more efficient than direct modulation for RF signal frequencies below 10
GHz
For an input RF power of 15 dBm, the output RF power of the third-order intermodulation term equals the output
RF power of the fundamental term. If the total RIN of the system is RINtot = -100 dBm/Hz, the DC photocurrent
is 2 mA and the output impedance is Zout = 50 ohms, the third-order Spurious Free Dynamic Range (with 1
decimal place) is 101.3 dBm/Hz*(2/3).
Optical beamforming networks for phased array antennas that are built upon true time delays:
• Work in a radiofrequency range wider than those based on phase shifters.
• Use a balanced photodetector to collectively detect the N delayed samples.
• In general, induce beam squint effects.
• Assure that the main lobe of the radiation pattern will drift away from the desired angle with changes in the
microwave frequency.
The activity in integrated MWP has been mostly focused towards the so-called ASPIC circuits, where the chip
configuration is designed to perform a particular MWP functionality, such as signal filtering, beamforming
network or arbitrary waveform generation.
• Verdadero
In a cloud radio access network using radio over fiber transmission:
• A wide range of radio frequencies (1-100 GHz) can be transmitted in the shared infrastructure.
• The optoelectronic and electro-optic devices cannot be placed at the Remote Radio Head (RRH)
• The processing resources at the central office cannot be shared with several base transceiver stations.
• Since the RF frontend is shifted to the central office, RF signals are generated at the BBU and transmitted to the
radiating elements through a fiber-optic backhaul.
Silicon on Insulator is the only material platform capable of monolithic integration of active (i.e. optical
amplification) and passive photonic components into a chip.
• Falso
Consider an MWP link implemented with standard singlemode fiber employing single-sideband modulation
(optical wavelength of 1550 nm). The maximum link length possible to avoid the carrier suppression effect in a
radiofrequency range up to 15 GHz is km.
• No carrier suppression effect will occur
• 31 16 21
The SFDR in a MWP link is defined as the carrier-to-noise ratio when the noise floor in the signal bandwidth
equals to the power of a given fundamental frequency term.
• Falso
Select all the statements that are correct regarding microwave signal filtering
• RF signal filtering under self-beating operation requires the injection of the optical carrier before photodetection.
• A typical incoherent filtering scheme is based on a multi-wavelength optical source used in combination of a
dispersive delay line.
• In the context of incoherent filtering operation, the secondary sidelobe of the spectral response can be changed by
varying the phase of the tap coefficients
• In the context of incoherent filtering operation, the basic differential delay T between taps allows the tuning of the
filter spectral response without changing the FSR.
Select the correct statement regarding fiber-wireless access networks C
• Since all the cores of a homogeneous multicore fiber share the same propagation characteristics, this fiber assures
the synchronous transmission of RF Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) signals
• The use of the CPRI standard implies lower bit rates as compared to analog radio over fiber transmission.
• BBU pooling is not possible in C-RAN architectures.
• Software-defined networking allows the static mapping of different RF subcarriers to different base stations.
• Centralized Radio Access Networks (C-RAN) can provide native support to collaborative multipoint (CoMP) radio
technologies only between adjacent base station
IF over fiber as compared to radio over fiber (select alI correct responses):
• Results in a base station configuration with less flexibility to network upgrades in terms of wireless frequencies.
• Is implemented with optoelectronic devices with a higher RF bandwidth requirement.
• In general (double sideband modulation), results in less immunity to the effect of the fiber chromatic dispersion.
• At the base station, downconversion is required before radiation.
In IMWP, 3 particular technologies - InP, SOI and LiINbO3 - have reached the required degree of maturity for
complex photonic integrated circuits, either monolithic or hybrid.
• Falso
In Microwave Photonics systems:
• Singe sideband modulation is possible if we employ direct modulation of the optical source followed by the proper
optical filter
• The noise figure is defined as the ratio of the signal-to-noise ratio at the input to the signal-to-noise ratio at the
output
• External modulation of the optical signal is more efficient than direct modulation for baseband transmission
• Coherent detection requires external modulation
In microwave signal filtering:
• All the answers are false
• In the context of incoherent filtering operation, the free spectral range can be changed by tuning the phase of the
signal samples or taps.
• RF signal filtering under self-beating operation requires the extraction of the optical carrier before photodetection.
• The selectivity of the RF filter can be modified by tuning the optical wavelength of the laser
Select the correct statement regarding fiber-wireless access networks:
• The use of the CPRI standard on digital radio over fiber (DRoF) implies higher bit rates as compared to analog radio
over fiber (RoF) transmission.
• Cloud Radio Access Networks cannot provide native support to collaborative multipoint (CoMP) radio technologies
between different cells.
• Since all the cores of a heterogeneous multicore fiber share the same propagation characteristics, this fiber assures
the synchronous transmission of RF Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) signals.
• Software-defined networking in a DRoF access network allows the dynamic mapping of different RF subcarriers to
different base stations.
Consider a MWP link implemented with standard singlemode fiber employing double-sideband modulation
(optical wavelength of 1550 nm). The maximum link length possible to avoid the carrier suppression effect in a
radiofrequency range up to 39 GHz is 2.4 km.

In a cloud/centralized radio access networks using radio over fiber transmission:

• The processing resources at the central office can be shared with several base transceiver stations.
• A wide range of radio frequencies (1-100 GHz) can be transmitted in the shared infrastructure.
• Since the RF frontend is shifted to the central office, RF signals are generated at the BBU and transmitted to the
radiating elements through a fiber-optic backhaul.
• The optoelectronic and electro-optic devices cannot be placed at the Remote Radio Head (RRH)
IF over fiber as compared to radio over fiber (select all correct responses):
• In general (double sideband modulation), results in more immunity to fiber chromatic dispersion effects.
• Can be implemented with optoelectronic devices with a lower RF bandwidth requirement.
• Allows a base station configuration with more flexibility to network upgrades in terms of wireless frequencies.
• Requires the use of direct modulation.