UTS REVIEWER

 PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE  SOCIOLOGICAL

OF THE SELF

WHAT WILL YOU GET OUT OF

PHILOSOPHY?
Skills are:
 Critical Thinking
 Argument Skills
 Communication
 Reasoning
 Analysis
 Problem Solving

LOVE OF WISDOM
PHILO – Greek word for “LOVE”
SOPHIA – Greek word for “WISDOM”
PHYTAGORAS – The first to use the term
“PHYLOSOPHY”.

ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHER’S

 Socrates
 Plato
 Aristotle

PHILOSOPHY AND THE SELF

 “KNOW THYSELF” – SOCRATES
Philosophers agree that self – knowledge is a
prerequisite to a happy and meaningful life.

SOCRATES:
“An unexamined life is not worth living”
PLATO:
“The soul is immortal”
RENE DESCARTES:
“ I think therefore, I am”
JOHN LOCKE:
“The self is consciousness”
DAVID HUME:
“There is no self”
IMMANUEL KANT:
“We construct the self”
PAUL CHURCHLAND:
“The self is the brain”
MAURICE MERLEAU PONTY: “
The self is embodied subjectivity”
 AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF SELF:
THE SELF AS EMBEDDED IN CULTURE
Anthropology
– The systematic study of humanity, with the
goal of understanding our evolutionary origins,
our distinctiveness as a species, and the great
diversity in our forms.
The world and through time
 Compares human societies across the globe
and across time.
SOCIAL-CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
-Studies the diversity of human societies in time
and space, while looking for commonalities
across them.
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF
THE SELF
Psychology
-It is the scientific study of mind and
behavior.
SIGMUND FREUD CONCEPT OF SELF
-The dynamic forces within the self are
many and inevitable conflict.
 Id – Satisfy basic urges and desire.
 Ego – Operates on the reality
principle.
 Superego- The “conscience” and
“moral judge”.
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT

 ORAL STAGE
HUMAN STUDY -Birth up to 1yr old.
 ANAL STAGE
Anthropos – “HUMAN”
- 2nd yr of life.
Logia – “STUDY”  PHALLIC STAGE
- Ages 3 to 6.
Who named Anthropology?  LATENCY STAGE
-Anthropology in English refers to a natural - 7 to 12 yrs old.
science of humanity was apparently in Richardo  GENITAL STAGE
Harvey’s 1593 Philadelphus. - Adolescence to adulthood.

4 Types of Anthropology CARL ROGER’S SELF

THEORY
 Archaeology
 Bianthropology -Defines the self as a flexible
 Linguistic Anthropology and changing perception of
 Social – Cultural Anthropology personal identity.
TWO COMPONENTS OF
Archaeology SELF CONCEPT
– The study of past cultures.
Bioanthropology  REAL SELF – What one is and.
 The study of humanity What one can do.
 IDEAL SELF – What one
Linguistic Anthropology should be or what one aspires to
 Studies the nature of human languages be.
in the context of those cultures that
developed them. ERIK ERIKSON’S THEORY
-Adolescence is a period of
Anthropology – “CULTURE” identity development.

 Learn Values PSYCHOLOGICAL STAGES

 Acceptance
 Seeks to improve oneself
 Eliminate Ethnocentrism
Cultural Identities are influenced by several
different factors such as ones religion,
ancestry, skin, color, language, class,
education, profession, skill, family and
political atitudes.
OF DEVELOPMENT
 Trust vs Mistrust
 Autonomy vs Shame + Doubt
 Initiative vs Guilt
 Industry vs Inferiority
 Identity Formation vs Identity Confusion
 Intimacy vs Isolation
 Generativity vs Stagnation
 Integrity vs Despair
THE WESTERN AND EASTERN PERSPECTIVE OF
THE SELF
Western Concept of Self