Body Fluids & Homeostasis

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Body Fluid Compartments

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Body Fluids

 Total amount of fluid in the human body is approximately 60% of body weight

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Body Fluids

 Body fluid has been divided into two compartments –

– Intracellular fluid (ICF)
 Inside the cells
– Extracellular fluid
 Outside the cells

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Composition of body fluids

 Organic substances  Inorganic substances

 Glucose  Sodium
 Amino acids  Potassium
 Fatty acids  Calcium
 Hormones  Magnesium
 Enzymes  Chloride
 Phophate
 Sulphate

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Intracellular Fluid:

 The cytosol or intracellular fluid is the liquid

found inside the cells .

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Extracellular fluid

 Interstitial fluid
 Present between the cells
 Approximately 80% of ECF
 Plasma
 Present in blood
 Approximately 20% of ECF
 Also includes
 Lymph
 synovial fluid pleural,pericardial and
 cerebrospinal fluid peritoneal fluids

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Barriers separate ICF, interstitial fluid and plasma

 Plasma membrane
 Separates ICF from surrounding interstitial fluid
 Blood vessel wall
 Separate interstitial fluid from plasma

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Environment

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Control of the Environment: HOMEOSTASIS

 Homeo = Same
 Stasis: Standing
Maintain a nearly constant condition in the internal environment
of the body is termed as Homeostasis.

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 How this dynamic equilibrium maintained?
– Feedback systems
 Negative feedback
 Positive feedback

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Negative feedback system

 Negative feedback: Response triggered by changed

conditions serves to reverse the change

– E.g., Body temperature increases  Skin blood vessels dilate  Body

temperature decreases

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 Body
temperature
increases

Normal Hypothalamus
body sends a message
temperature to blood vessels

Body
Skin blood
temperature
vessels dilate
decreases

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Example: Blood Pressure Regulation

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Positive feedback system

 Positive feedback: It is a process in which the end products

of an action cause more of that action to occur in a feedback
loop. This amplifies the original action.

 E.g., uterine contractions are stimulated by oxytocin  baby

moves towards cervix  more oxytocin is released

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Mode of transport across the cell membrane

 Ion Channel
Voltage gated
Ligand gated
 Pumps

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