NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite

ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

Final Plate No.3

A PROPOSED SPORTS COMPLEX

WITH STADIUM
Architectural Research

Submitted By:

Negros, Ardianne Joseph C.

Bs Arch. 32A1

Submitted to:

Ar. Baking, Ryan UAP

MAY 2023

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 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION

The love of sports in the Philippines is unmatched. Being an avid sports fans,

whether they are active participants or merely observers. When a Filipino athlete or team is

vying for victory, the entire nation cheers them on. It merely demonstrates how sports

achievement generates a wide range of chances, extracts fame for the nation, and also

reveals the athlete's heart, which unites the hearts of people from that nation. The

Government spends a significant portion of its budget on developing Philippine sports,

shows how much the nation is invested in the activity.

OBJECTIVES

 To cater more sports facilities and maximize the land, to develop social condensers

that bring together different social classes

 To become a private public prototype/innovation for repetition throughout densely

populated places

 To design, organize and arrange spaces within the sports complex contributing to the

development of sports excellence and encourage sports participation of Filipinos

 To design a space that harness the natural daylight and deliver an impressive

balance of comfort and luxury.

 To design a striking façade – creating a landmark in sports complex which is

architecturally impressive and equally acquiring the climatic and spatial requirements.

 To create open spaces and dramatic volume spaces to bring out the curiosity of

human mindset.

 To study and design proper traffic management circulation plan according to the

strategic location site.

 To create a seamless transition between indoor and outdoor spaces

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Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

 To provide better services and functions, and improve the spaces performance thru r

careful designing and planning.

BUILDING LAWS

General Zoning
Use
Classification of Classification

use/Character of

Occupancy of
PRINCIPAL
Building/Structur

Division I-1 1. Colisea 1. Parks/gardens CUL (Cultural) -

(Recreational, and sports 2. Resort areas, e.g., beaches, a community to

Assembly Buildings complexes including national level of

with stage and an accessory uses cultural use or

occupant load of 3. Open air or outdoor sports occupancy,

1,000 or more in activities characterized

the and support facilities, including mainly as a low-

building) low rise rise or medium-

stadia, gyms, amphitheaters rise

and building/structure

swimming pools for cultural

4. Golf courses, ball courts, race activities

tracks

and similar uses

5.Memorial/Shrines/monuments,

kiosks

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 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

and other park structures

Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading/Unloading Space Requirements (NBC, p.74)

a. The parking slot, parking area and loading/unloading space requirements listed hereafter

are generally the minimum off-street cum on-site requirements for specific uses/occupancies

for buildings/structures, i.e., all to be located outside of the road right-of-way (RROW).

b. The size of an average automobile (car) parking slot must be computed at 2.50 meters by

5.00 meters for perpendicular or diagonal parking and at 2.15 meters by 6.00 meters for

parallel parking. A standard truck or bus parking/loading slot must be computed at a

minimum of 3.60 meters by 12.00 meters. An articulated truck slot must be computed at a

minimum of 3.60 meters by 18.00 meters which should be sufficient to accommodate a

12.00 meters container van or bulk carrier and a long/hooded prime mover. A jeepney or

shuttle parking/loading/unloading slot must be computed at a minimum of 3.00 meters by

9.00 meters. The parking slots shall be drawn to scale and the total number of which shall be

indicated on the plans and specified whether or not parking accommodations are attendant-

managed.

c. The parking space ratings listed below are minimum off-street/off-RROW cum on-site

requirements for specific uses/occupancies for building

Table VII.4. Minimum Required Off-Street (Off-RROW) cum On-Site Parking Slot,

Parking Area and Loading/Unloading Space Requirements by Allowed Use or

Occupancy (NBC, p.46)

Specific Uses or of Reference Uses or Minimum Required

Occupancy Character of Occupancies Parking Slot, Parking

or Type of Area and Loading

Space
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Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

Buildings/Structures

One (1) car slot and one

(1) jeepney/shuttle slot

Recreational or similar public for every 50.00 sq.

assembly buildings such as meters of spectator area;

Division I-1
stadia, sports complexes, and one (1) bus parking

convention centers, etc. slot for every two

hundred (200)

spectators.

4. The following Table illustrates the manner in determining the Maximum Allowable

Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO), Maximum Allowable Impervious Surface Area

(ISA), Maximum Allowable Construction Area (MACA), Minimum Unpaved Surface Area

(USA), and the Total Open Space within Lot (TOSL) with reference to Type of Land Use

Zoning per Lot. (NBC, p.74)

Maximum
Structure Use Maximum Minimum USA
Allowable ISAc TOSL d
or Occupancy Allowable PSO (Unpaved Open
(Paved Open (ISA + USA)
(or Land use) a c, d Spaces)
Spaces)

60e 20 20 40
Cultural
70f 20 10 30

Notes:

a) per duly-approved City/ Municipal Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

b) per duly-approved City/Municipal Zoning Ordinance (ZO) and its IRR

c) PSO + ISA = MACA (Maximum Allowable Construction Area)

d) PSO + TOSL = TLA (Total Lot Area).

e) without firewall

f) with firewall

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Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

d. In computing for parking slots, a fraction of 50% and above shall be considered as

one (1) car

parking slot to be provided. In all cases however, a minimum of one (1) car parking slot shall

be

provided unless otherwise allowed under this Rule.

i. Multi-floor parking garages may serve the 20% parking requirements of the

building/structure

within 200.00 meter radius, provided at least 80% of the parking requirements are complied

with and integrated in the building design.

Table VII.2. Building Height Limit (BHL) by Type of Use or Occupancy

Building Height Limit (BHL)

Number of

Character of Use allowable

Type of Building Meters above
or Occupancy storeys/floors
highest grade
above established

grade

30.00 meters (or must follow the duly-

Cultural - approved BHL in

the major zone it is part of)

C. INSIDE BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES (BPP 344, pp.14-15)

2. RAMPS

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Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

2.2 Changes in level require a ramp except when served by a dropped curb, an elevator or

other mechanical device;

2.2 Ramps shall have a minimum clear width of 1.20 m;

2.3 The maximum gradient shall be 1:12;

2.4 The length of a ramp should not exceed 6:00 m. if the gradient is 1:12; longer ramps

whose gradient is 1:12 shall be provided with landings not less than 1.50 m.;

2.5 A level area not less than 1.80 m. should be provided at the top and bottom of any ramp;

2.6 Handrails will be provided on both sides of the ramp at 0.70 m. and 0.90 m. from the

ramp level;

2.7 Ramps shall be equipped with curbs on both sides with a minimum height of 0.10 m.;

2.8 Any ramp with a rise greater than 0.20 m. and leads down towards an area where

vehicular traffic is possible, should have a railing across the full width of its lower end, not

less than 1.80 meters from the foot of the ramp;

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 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Philippine Arena (Local)

Architectural Style: Modernist

Location: Ciudad de Victoria, Bocaue, Bulacan, Philippines

Seating Capacity: 55,000

Concept

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 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

The initial design concept of the Philippine arena is inspired by the narra tree, the

mother tree of the Philippines, and the root of the banyan tree. The roof was inspired by that

of a Nipa Hut

The Philippine Arena is the world's largest indoor arena. It is a multipurpose indoor

arena with a maximum seating capacity of 55,000 at Ciudad de Victoria, a 140-hectare

tourism enterprise zone in Bocaue and Santa Maria, Bulacan, Philippines about 30

kilometers north of Manila. It is one of the centerpieces of the many centennial projects of

the Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) for their centennial celebration on July 27, 2014. The legal owner

of the arena is the INC's educational institution, New Era University. The arena is officially

recognized by the Guinness World Records as the largest mixed-use indoor theater in the

world on July 27, 2014.

It is sometimes advertised to be located in Manila on promotional materials of

international events as its location is within the Greater Manila Area.

Structure

Built on 99,200 square meters (1,068,000 sq ft) of land, the arena has a dome over

9,000 square meters (97,000 sq ft).[21] The oval roof has a dimension of 227 m × 179 m

(745 ft × 587 ft) and contains 9,000 tons of steel work. The roof was made as a separate unit

to reduce burden on the arena with extra load. The arena is 65 meters (213 ft) in height, or

about fifteen stories high and founded on pile construction. About a third of the dead load of

the building was designed for earthquake loads. The building was also divided into multiple

structures to strengthen the arena's earthquake resistance.

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 NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

International Sports Complex, Sayli (International)

Architectural Style: Modern Architecture

Location: Silvassa, India

I.S.C., Saily is a comprehensive, international sporting complex being design the

heart of West India. The complex attempts to breed serious sports champions for the city

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Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

and its neighbourhood with Sports Facilities. It is aimed to expand the social and health

infrastructure of its neighbourhood and the city. It caters to the local and evolving

demography and Institutional population as a lifestyle destination. Its existence shall expand

on the existing sports infrastructure of the region in addition to becoming an urban landmark,

formally and functionally.

Use

Hospitality + Sport › Stadium

BODY OF RESEARCH

Understanding Sports Complex

A sports complex is a group of sports facilities. Which includes, track and field

stadiums, football stadiums, baseball stadiums, swimming pools, and Indoor arenas. These

places need proper maintenance. In such stadium, and arena, it is facility managers,

sometimes called general managers, sports facility managers, or stadium operations

executives, that are responsible for the day-to-day operations and management involved in

running a sports facility. Sports Equipment Managers are responsible for maintaining,

ordering, and inventorying sports equipment and apparel.

Identifying the user categories

Clear distinction must be made between the following users and their needs when

designing circulation flows within the stadium:

• The general public

• VIPs and authorities

• Players, coaches and support staff

• Referees and officials

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Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

• Media

• Stewards and private security operators

• Maintenance staff

• Administrative staff

• Commercial concessions

• Emergency and public safety services

Categories and capacities of stadium

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Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

Uses of Stadium

Operates as a multi-use sports and concert venue, capable of holding a range of

events from boxing and basketball to live music performances, but no association football or

field events due to its limited size. There is clear "line of sight" for every seat from each tier,

even for various arena configurations such as church ceremonies, boxing, tennis, concerts

or indoor gymnastics.

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Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

Guides For Planning, Construction and Use of Facilities

Guides for planning, construction and the use of facilities for school physical

education and sports programs includes:

1) Validity: standards for space, structure and fixtures must be compatible with the

rules essential for the effective conduct of the programme

2) Utility: facility should be adaptable for different activities and programmes without

it affecting such items as safety and effective instruction

3) Accessibility: facilities should be readily and directly accessible for the individual

who would be using them

4) Isolation: facilities should be planned to reduce to a minimum distractions,

offensive odours, noise, and undesirable activities and groups

5) Departmentalization: functionally related services and activity areas should be

continuous or adjacent for greatest economy and efficiency

6) Safety, hygiene and sanitation: the maintenance of proper health standards

should be a major consideration in all facility planning.

7) Supervision: facilities should take into consideration the need for proper teacher

supervision of activities under his or her jurisdiction. Therefore, visibility and accessibility are

essential considerations.

8) Durability and Maintenance: facilities should be easy and economical to

maintain and should be durable

9) The type, location and size of essential areas and facilities must be related to the

total community pattern

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Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

10) Traffic circulation and control must be related to the other buildings, structures

and the community to minimized congestions in corridors, stair-ways, locker rooms, seating

spaces and spectator’s arena. This will also inform the location of thoroughfares, placement

of primary and secondary entrances and exits

11) The facility should be constructed to effectively control the crowd

12) There should be plain for pedestrians’ control and handling of spectators and

visitors

13) The construction should be made to allow maximum security and control of all

persons using the facility

14) The facility should have a good framing, substantial doors, and heavy-duty

hardware and locks

15) Every seating arrangement should be completed before use of the facility

16) The seat should be numbered and the tickets must bear the seat numbers. This

is to make sure that the facility is not used beyond capacity

17) Beauty: facilities should be attractive and aesthetically pleasing with the

utilization of good colors, dynamics and designs

18) The general public and the user of the facility must be educated as to the normal

procedure in using the facility.

Site Selection

In site selection, all the personnel such as the programmes specialists, architects,

engineers and others should be involved in selection of site for any new construction.

Factors to be considered should include:

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Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

1. Pedestrian/traffic patterns

2. Motor traffic movement and parking space

3. Soil conditions and drainage

4. Availability of utilities.

5. Relationship to other health, physical education, recreation and athletic facilities.

6. Location should not be on an area too small to allow for design options or

additions

7. Facility expansion plans for the future

Traffic Circulation

Drive ways should be so free to make direct access to the parking area and this

should not bisect playing areas. The most important consideration in traffic circulation and

control is the location of the building and also to minimize congestion in corridors, staircase,

locker rooms, spectator areas, minimizing the disturbances of students and staff offices,

classrooms and study room, enhancing efficient and safe movement and providing for future

building expansion.

Space Relationships

Careful consideration should be given to the relationship of activity areas,

instructional areas and service areas to the placement and size of corridors, lobbies, stair

and doors. Spectator space should be separated from the swimming pool and pool deck

areas, gymnasium floor and other activity areas. Entrance to the seating area should be

direct from the outdoors or from the corridor or foyers without requiring travel through locker

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Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

rooms or across pool decks or gymnasium. It is also important that traffic flow to and from

the locker room should not cross the gymnasium floor. The location of toilet rooms in relation

to the swimming pool and to outside facilities should be given careful considerations

especially with reference to public use.

Security of the Participants

There should be means of security of the individuals since people enter the general

building through many outside doors and disperse to offices, classrooms, dressing rooms,

activity areas and spectator galleries. The following are security measures:

1. There should be direction and control of all persons using the building

2. All swimming pool doors should be locked when there is no class going on and

should be opened by authorized persons.

3. In gymnasium, the room or store where equipment such as trampoline are kept

must be locked up after use.

4. Viewing balconies and stairs should have handrails and lights at the sides or

luminous reflection sing materials on the edges.

5. Activity areas, shower rooms and dressing rooms should be free to obstruction and

objects

Security of the Building

Security of the building and its component rooms against illegal entry is the first and

most logical consideration in terms of building protection. Good door framing, substantial

doors and heavy-duty hardware and lock hold-up are necessary to protect against wear,

abuse, loss or damage and theft. Also, the following should be put in place:

1. Surveillance devices should be installed

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Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

2. Avoid windows within reach of the ground

3. Have no windows in storage areas

4. Install security lights and cover outside lights with vandal-proof guards.

CONCLUSION

Facilities should therefore be well planned, designed and constructed to meet the

approved standard requirements for competition. It is therefore a collective responsibility of

the sports administrator, the architect and other consultants, even the community to plan and

construct proper facilities for competition and other uses.

PLANNING CONCEPT

Incorporating radial design planning in the sports complex to maximize the space and

properly orient the buildings in the site.In consideration of the natural lighting and ventilation,

radial planning would best suit in achieving the passive cooling within the site

STRUCTURAL CONCEPT

A three-dimensional steel building frame which is stable against wind and quake loads.

Three-dimensional truss is based on the rigidity of the triangle and composed of linear

elements subjected only to compression or tension. Its simplest spatial unit is tetrahedron

having four joints and six members. A space frame forms, a very strong, thick, flexible

structural fabric that can be used horizontally or bend to a variety of shapes. The beauty of

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Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

its open lattice work web of lightweight tubular diagonals is o nly superpassed by its

structural purity

DESIGN AND SPACE CONSIDERATIONS

General standards of comfort

The trade-off between comfort and capacity is an issue that requires careful review. It

follows that the more space allowed for each seat, the lower the stadium capacity, unless, of

course, the overall size of the venue is increased, which will, in turn, increase construction

and maintenance costs.

A principal factor that can negatively affect the quality of a stadium is the poorly

designed distribution of facilities, uses and spaces and/or ill-planned circulation systems

which fail to take into account the movements of the different users within public and non-

public areas of the building.

When planning circulation routes within a stadium, it is generally advisable to focus

initially on the arrival and subsequent distribution routes of the general public. These will be

determined by two main factors: seat location (i.e. the stand and level/tier) and the seating

category (e.g. regular or VIP seats).

Spectator access to the stadium

Circulation design should focus on individual controlled access and rapid

independent circulation from the exterior access points to the final internal destination of

each category of stadium user before, during and after the match. This enables the stadium

operators to provide adequate and efficient control measures throughout the duration of the

event

 Concourses
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Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

The concourses are the passages inside the stadium through which spectators get

from the main entrance to their seats. The concourse areas must be wide enough to

allow a smooth flow of people before, during and after the match and also, of course,

allow for the safe evacuation of the stadium in the event of an emergency.

 Signage

Clear and adequate signage is an essential requirement in any major building that

will be used by large numbers of people and that has different points of access.

Public amenities and facilities

 Food and beverage concessions

Food and beverage concessions are a vital part of the matchday experience for

spectators and they are an equally vital source of revenue for the stadium operator.

 Merchandise outlets

Stadium operators are increasingly looking to maximize revenue from merchandising

by expanding their onsite retail operations beyond the main shop to smaller merchandise

kiosks located around the stadium concourse.

 Toilets

One of the most important public facilities in a stadium are the toilets. These are

normally located in the main concourses, and are positioned to make access from the

seating areas as easy as possible.

 First aid facilities

A central first aid room must be provided and located in a position that allows easy access

from inside and outside the stadium for all spectators, including wheelchair users, and also

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Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

for emergency vehicles. It must be self-contained with its own toilet facilities, which should

also be wheelchair-friendly.

Facilities for Disabled Fans

Modern buildings should offer unrestricted disabled access. In general, stadium

designers should take care to include adequate access points, safe evacuation areas,

suitable seating on all levels and dedicated toilets and refreshment areas for disabled fans,

to ensure they have the same opportunity to enjoy the matchday experience as other

spectators.

VIP and Hospitality Facilities

The ability to provide high-quality hospitality for VIPs, including special guests,

commercial partners and corporate clients, has become an important facet of modern

stadiums and is an increasingly valuable source of revenue. Some clubs and national

associations now go to exceptional levels to ensure their VIPs enjoy the best and most

comfortable experience imaginable. VIP enclosures and hospitality facilities are therefore

expected to be an integral component of the design brief.

 The directors’ box/president’s enclosure

The directors’ box or president’s enclosure, is generally categorised as a VVIP area,

especially in larger stadiums. There may be occasions when the club or association

plays host to VVIPs or dignitaries (e.g. royalty or heads of state), and they will need to be

accommodated in an exclusive area, segregated even from the other VIPs, benefitting

from maximum safety and security levels.

Media facilities

Members of the media should benefit from preferential access and movement within

the stadium as they will need to interact with various other user groups (including players,

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ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

coaching staff and perhaps even VIPs). Disabled access and facilities also need to be

incorporated in all media areas

Player facilities

 Arrival and departure

It is essential to ensure that the teams are able to arrive at and depart from the

stadium in complete safety. Dedicated access routes and parking for the team coaches and

officials’ vehicles need to be planned in a way that allows for water-tight security control.

Exclusive parking zones should have direct access to the dressing rooms and other restricted

access areas such as the players’ lounge

General administration, maintenance and servicing facilities

All stadiums will need separate office and storage facilities to service the various

commercial concessions and catering services housed within the venue.

 Administration facilities

The stadium manager and support staff will require adequate office space and

facilities, located in an area that has easy access to the main sectors of the stadium. As a

rule, these spaces do not need to be particularly large or complex, but they should be

properly equipped to provide the stadium management team with everything they need for

the day-to-day administration of the venue

 Maintenance facilities

Stadium maintenance is a complex operation, involving a variety of different teams and

departments, each of which is likely to need its own office, workshop and storage

facilities. In some cases, these will require a lot of space.

Servicing and loading bays

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ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

A steady inflow of goods, materials and equipment, normally delivered by lorry or

container, means that the stadium will need a dedicated loading bay located close to the

main storage or service areas. It should also be located close to the waste management

facilities to expedite disposal of large volumes of waste.

Cleaning and waste management

The stadium design must ensure that cleaning and maintenance will be as efficient

and simple as possible. This is important both from an environmental and financial point of

view.

SPACE REQUIREMENTS

Spaces in Sports Complex should include (but not limited to):

1. Indoor main sports stadium for basketball;

2. Volleyball with bleachers or spectors’s gallery.

3. The indoors sports arena is also convertible to multipurpose entertainment activities

like concert and entertainment and other social multipurpose gatherings.

4. Outdoor sports facilities for tennis, badminton, etc

5. Multipurpose building for rentable spaces and gym facilities,

6. Commercial spaces (indoor or outdoor)

7. outdoor parking spaces

8. Multi-level parking building

9. Public parks and playground

10. Vehicle, and pedestrian lane

11. Bike lane ang running track

12. Admin Offices

13. Public Toilet Facilities

14. MRF Facilities

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15. VIP and General Spectators Drop-Off

16. Clinics And Other Medical First Aid Facilities

17. Locker And Shower Rooms

PROJECT ANALYSIS

The following standards were

DISCRIPTION
adopted in this plan:

Lot Type N/A

Total Lot Area (TLA) 45, 000 sq.m

Maximum Allowable Percentage of Site

27, 000 sq.m (60%)
Occupancy (PSO)

Maximum Allowable Impervious Surface

9, 000 sq.m (20%)
Area (ISA),

SETBACK 8.00m (Front), 5.00m (Side), 5.00m (Rear)

Allowable Maximum Building Footprint

27, 000 sq.m
(AMBF)

Building Heighgt Limit (BHL) Refer to the CLUP

Minimum Unpaved Surface Area (USA), 9,000 sq.m (20%)

One (1) car slot and one (1)

jeepney/shuttle slot for every 50.00 sq.

Parking Space meters of spectator area; and one (1) bus

parking slot for every two hundred (200)

spectators.

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ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

REFERENCE

Malicdan, A. T. (2020). ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING-sports complex.

studylib.net. https://studylib.net/doc/25241736/architectural-programming-

sports-complex

Monteroso, J. N. (2020). SPORTS COMPLEX THESIS. www.academia.edu.

https://www.academia.edu/44384457/SPORTS_COMPLEX_THESIS

Traub, M. (2021, May 27). Future of Sports Venues: Where Hospitality Meets the

Fan Experience. SportsTravel. https://www.sportstravelmagazine.com/future-

of-sports-venues-where-hospitality-meets-the-fan-experience/

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International Sports Complex, Sayli by Design Plus Architects. (2015, June 26).

Architizer. https://architizer.com/projects/international-sports-complex-sayli/

Philippine Arena | Major Projects | Hanwha Corporation/E&C. (n.d.).

https://m.hwenc.com/majorprojects/philippine-arena.do

Planning and Design Guidelines for Sports Arenas. (n.d.).

https://ccdreview.blogspot.com/2014/09/planning-and-design-guidelines-

for_75.html

Pongsakorn Wattanawetcharat. (2022, May 16). Chatuchak Sport Complex : Thesis

[Video].

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