Short Answer Type Questions

Q1. What are the causes of indigestion?

Answer:

Indigestion is caused by acidity, which in turn is caused due to the excess secretion of
hydrochloric acid in the human stomach.

Q2. What is acid rain?

Answer:

Rainwater dissolves pollutants like carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide to form
carbonic acid, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid. Acid rain is any form of precipitation that includes
acidic components, such as carbonic acid, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid, that fall to the ground
from the atmosphere.

Q3. What is the use of litmus paper? What is the natural colour of litmus paper?

Answer:

Litmus paper is used as one of the chemical indicators. It is used to determine whether a solution
is acidic or basic. The natural colour of litmus is purple. If the blue litmus paper is put in an
acidic solution, it turns red.

Q4. What happens when a drop of dilute sulphuric acid is added to the china rose indicator?

Answer:

When a drop of dilute sulphuric acid is added to the china rose indicator, it will turn the light
pink colour of the china rose indicator to magenta.

Q5. What happens when a china rose indicator is added to acid and base?

Answer:

China rose indicator turns magenta in an acidic medium and green in a basic medium.

Q6. Why does a farmer add quicklime in the field?

Answer:

Soil gets acidic due to chemicals and fertilisers or acid rain. Farmer adds quicklime in the field as
it helps in neutralising the soil’s acidity.
Q7. Name the chemicals added to the acidic soil to make it neutral.

Answer: Calcium and magnesium carbonate are added to the acidic soil to make it neutral.

Q8. Why is toothpaste alkaline?

Answer:

Toothpaste is alkaline because the bacteria in our mouth break down the food and release acids.
To neutralise this acidic effect, we brush our teeth with toothpaste. For neutralising acids,
toothpaste is basic or alkaline in nature.

Q9. How can you cure an ant sting?

Answer:

We can use calamine solution on the ant bites as ant injects formic acid into the skin on biting,
which causes inflammation, to the skin. We can neutralise the effect of the acid by rubbing
calamine. Calamine solution contains zinc carbonate, a fragile base that causes no skin harm.

Q10. How can you prepare the china rose indicator?

Answer:

China rose indicator can be prepared by soaking some petals of china rose in warm water for a
couple of hours. The red-coloured solution is used as an indicator for detecting an acid, base, or
neutral solution.

Q11. What are an indicator and a universal indicator?

Answer:

An indicator is a substance that shows a colour change when brought in contact with an acid,
base or neutral substance. In contrast, a universal indicator is a mixture of indicators which gives
different colours for different pH values, thus helping to measure the strength of a substance.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q1. What happens when a base is treated with

(a) Red litmus

(b) Blue litmus

(c) China rose indicator

(d) Turmeric indicator

Answer:

(a) A base turns red litmus blue.

(b) A base will not affect blue litmus.

(c) A base will turn the light ink colour of the china rose indicator to green.

(d) A base will turn the turmeric indicator red.

Q2. What happens when an acid is treated with

(a) Red litmus

(b) Blue litmus

(c) China rose indicator

(d) Turmeric indicator

Answer:

(a) An acid will not affect red litmus.

(b) An acid turns blue litmus red.

(c) An acid will turn the light pink colour of the china rose indicator to magenta or bright pink.

(d) An acid will not affect the turmeric indicator.

Q3. Why should we treat factory wastes before discharging them into water bodies?

Answer:

We should treat factory wastes before releasing them into water bodies, as factory wastes contain
acids which, if untreated and discharged into water bodies, will cause harm to fish and other
aquatic organisms living in water bodies. Therefore, they should be treated with essential
substances to neutralise and then discharged into water bodies.

Q4. Answer the following questions.

(a) Why does a turmeric stain on a white shirt turn red when it is washed with soap?
(b) What happens when acid and bases are treated with china rose indicator?

Answer:

(a) Turmeric is a natural indicator which changes its yellow colour into reddish brown when it
comes in contact with a solution of base. Hence, when soap (which is basic) is scrubbed on the
stain, the stain turns red.

(b) China rose indicator turns magenta in an acidic medium and green in a basic medium.

Q5. Answer the following questions.

(a) What happens when acidic soil is treated with purple cabbage juice?

(b) What is soil treatment?

Answer:

(a) When acidic soil is treated with purple cabbage juice, it will turn red. It is a great indicator
and a test for acidity or alkaline soil.

(b) Soil treatment is the process in which contaminated soil, which cannot grow crops, is treated
to recycle and make it usable for agriculture or any other purpose.

Q6. When we mix equal parts of acid and base, a reaction takes place.

(a) What is the name of the reaction?

(b) What product is formed?

Answer: If an equal amount of acidic and basic substances are mixed, then

(a) The name of the reaction is the neutralization reaction.

(b) The product formed is salt and water.

Q7. Differentiate between acids and bases.

Answer:

Sl.
Acid Base
No.
1. Acids are sour in taste. Bases are bitter in taste.
Acids turn blue litmus paper into red The base does not change the colour of the
2.
colour. blue litmus paper.
Acids do not change the colour of the
3. Bases turn red litmus paper to blue colour.
red litmus.
Acids do not change the colour of
4. Bases turn turmeric into red colour.
turmeric.