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Characteristics of
Qualitative Research

PRACTICAL • based on real-life situations

RESEARCH 1 NATURALISTIC • unfold the study in a natural

manner

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Characteristics of
Qualitative Research
• Select the participants in a

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purposive manner because they
either have easy access to the
PURPOSEFUL information needed or simply have
the knowledge to provide a great
deal of information needed to the
study.

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Characteristics of
Qualitative Research
OBJECTIVES
• It is important that the
researcher should capture the
Designs a research project related to daily life
(CS_RS11-IIIc-e-1) DETAILED direct quotations of the
responses of the participant/s
from the conducted interview or
observation.

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Characteristics of Strengths and Weaknesses of

Qualitative Research Qualitative Research
• Immersing oneself would enable • Qualitative research focuses more on explaining

Requires the researcher to acquire why subjects under investigation think and
Engagement personal experiences and behave in certain ways.
and Neutrality insights which are essential to
• As cited from University of Denmark Library
better understand the
phenomenon. (2020), this type of research has its strengths
and weaknesses presented as follows:

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Characteristics of Strengths of
Qualitative Research Qualitative Research
Provides
• Specific details and data will be
Follows an gathered from the target Complements
more detailed
It is cost
Inductive participant/s that can be used to
quantitative
information to
efficient.
Procedure discover emerging patterns and
data.
explain
themes.
complex
issues.
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Characteristics of Weaknesses of
Qualitative Research Qualitative Research
• The researcher is required to It cannot
Viewed in a view the whole phenomenon
generalize the
It is more
It is time
Holistic under investigation in a complex
findings to the
difficult to
consuming.
Perspective system, that is, different analyze.
variables can either cause or study
effect the phenomenon. population.

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Kinds of Qualitative Research Kinds of Qualitative Research

Phenomenological
• The researcher is concerned with the feelings of the
participants regarding a particular event or activity, hence,
the uniqueness of their lived situations can be described.
• Interview is the common instrument used for its data
collection with the suggested sample size ranging from 5
to 25.
Examples:
• Cultural Practices and Healthcare Beliefs of the
Ethnic Group Living in Bataan Province
• Survival Strategies of Families in an Urban Poor
Community.

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Kinds of Qualitative Research Kinds of Qualitative Research

Examples: Grounded Theory
• Challenges and Coping Mechanisms of Senior • It intends to explain a phenomenon through developing a theory.

High School Working Students in the
of Bataan
• Lived Experiences of the COVID-19 Survivors in
the Province of Bataan
2nd District • It aims to provide explanation and theory behind those lived
experiences.
• Interview and supporting documents are the commonly used
data collection instrument for its participants approximately
ranging from 20 to 30 or until data achieve saturation.

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Kinds of Qualitative Research Kinds of Qualitative Research

Ethnographic Examples:
• It concentrates on the study of a group of people in a particular
• Conceptualization of the Breast Cancer
environment.
• The researcher is required to engage with the participants Survivorship Process among Bataeños
through immersion in an extended period of time. • Generating a Theory of Defense Mechanisms of
• Observation, along with the use of interview and survey, is an
Students who Experiences School Bullying
essential instrument for this type of study.

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Kinds of Qualitative Research Kinds of Qualitative Research

Case Study Examples:
• Nature and Context of the Political Leadership of
• It aims to accurately describe the case through an in-
depth examination of a single person or single institution.
Bataan Governors
• Thorough interview, observation, and documentation are • Development in the Courtship Letter Writing
all utilized as multiple data collection instruments. Style among Bataeños

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Kinds of Qualitative Research Kinds of Qualitative Research

Examples: Narrative
• Life accounts of individuals based on their personal
• Causes of the Reading Difficulty of a Grade 5 experiences.
Struggling Reader • It aims to extract meaningful context based on the
• Language Challenges of Hearing-Impaired documented experiences.

Students in a SPED Class • Discourse analysis is one of the commonly and widely
employed approaches.

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Kinds of Qualitative Research Kinds of Qualitative Research

Historical Examples:
• It is concerned with the identification, evaluation, and synthesis
of past event data.
• The Struggles Faced by Student-athletes
• It aims to understand present patterns and to anticipate future • Daily Teaching Experiences of Millennial
choices through clearly relating the past event data which are
Teachers in the Schools Division of Bataan
obtained from sources such as documents, relics and artifacts,
and oral reports.

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IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
The researcher may study the experiences

Is Research Beneficial to Students?
The development of individuals and their access to health care
by determining their perspectives. These
in any fields such
solicited responses reflecting their
as in education, experiences, attitudes, and circumstances
business, medical may help the researcher to understand the

and health allied phenomenon, hence, suggestions for

improvement and development can be
services, etc.
sought.

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IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
Research is not only beneficial to students but
also essential to life. It is undisputed that
researches which are aimed to explore the THANK
recesses of knowledge would bring about
changes that precede growth and development. YOU!

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IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH

Provides The perspectives, expressions,

DAY 2
meaning to and activities of the participants
understand an play a vital role to unveiling the
existing local context across different
phenomenon. fields.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH TITLE

02
OBJECTIVE It should use words that can create a
positive impression among the readers.
Writes a research title
(CS_RS11-IIIc-e-2)

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THE RESEARCH TITLE CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH TITLE

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It should be in the form of a phrase with
As cited from Sacred Heart University Library (2020), a
research title should help the readers to see the main idea
correct use of capitalization, that is, the first
as well as the summary of the whole study. Further, it letter appeared in the title as well as the
usually contains fewest possible words that can bring first letter of each noun word should be
understanding of the content and the purpose of the study
among the readers.
capitalized.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH TITLE CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH TITLE

01 04
It should be limited only to substantive It should be concise by adequately
words with high consideration to the key implying the participants and the coverage
variables such as the phenomenon under of the study.
investigation, the participants, and the
setting of the study.

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EXAMPLES OF
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH TITLE
• The ‘Need to Transcend’: A Phenomenological Study on
the Lived Experiences of Millennial Teachers (Lacdo-O
et al., 2018)
• The Educated Citizen: Cultural and Gender Capital in
the Schooling of Aetas’ Children in the Municipality of
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Janiuay (Moralista & Delariarte, 2014)

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EXAMPLES OF
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH TITLE
• This Too Shall Pass: A Grounded Theory Study of OBJECTIVE
Filipino Cancer Survivorship (de Guzman et al., 2012)
• Local Studies Centers: Transforming History, Culture and Describes the justifications/reasons for
Heritage in the Philippines (Perez & Templanza, 2012) conducting the research
• President Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s Political Speeches: A
(CS_RS11-IIIc-e-3)
Critical Discourse Analysis (Remorosa, 2018)

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LET'S RECALL
“What are the
THANK characteristics of
YOU! research title?”

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RATIONALE OF THE STUDY How to Write the Rationale of the Study

According to Merriam-Webster, a rationale is:
❖ Relevance to Local/Global
1 : an explanation of controlling principles of
opinion, belief, practice, or phenomena Context
2 : an underlying reason : basis Situational interconnectedness of individuals
or things in varying perspectives.

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RATIONALE OF THE STUDY How to Write the Rationale of the Study

It pertains to the reasons why the study must ❖ Critical Background/

be conducted. Such justification is provided by Contextual Information
the researcher to highlight the significant
Circumstances forming a background of an
points of the problem to be addressed in the
event, idea or subject, that enables the readers
study.
to understand the nature of the problem.

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How to Write the Rationale of the Study How to Write the Rationale of the Study

❖ Existing Literature ❖ Research Gap

A background on what researches have
already been done about the given subject. Problems, issues or questions that have not
been addressed or are yet to be understood.

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How to Write the Rationale of the Study
❖ Proof of Urgency
An urgent need to solve the existing problem.
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How to Write the Rationale of the Study
❖ Research Goal/Objective
The purpose why there is a need for the
proposed study to be conducted.
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Here are some questions to be considered in
presenting justifications:
⮚ Why is this research important?
⮚ What real life or everyday problem, issue, or question does
the research relate to?
⮚ Can people relate to the problem in local or global context?
⮚ What benefit does the research promise?
⮚ Are the units of analysis and observation clearly identified?
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Here are some questions to be considered in
presenting justifications:
⮚ What does the researcher hope to find out?
⮚ What was wrong or incomplete about prior efforts already
conducted?
⮚ Does the research extend understanding of the phenomena
being investigated?
⮚ Does it elaborate or fill in the gaps in the present knowledge?
⮚ What is the research ultimately trying to achieve?
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SAMPLE OF RATIONALE OF THE STUDY
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Here is another sample of Rationale of the Study for
you to have a simpler idea on how to make one. It is
labelled with the components that you need to
include in justifying the reasons for conducting your
proposed study. You can use this as a guide in
composing your write-up for your own rationale.
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SAMPLE OF RATIONALE OF THE STUDY

OBJECTIVE
States research questions
(CS_RS11-IIIc-e-4)

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

THANK Stating clearly the problem can make the

YOU!
vagueness of the study be clarified.

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Writing the Problem Statement in a

Qualitative Research

DAY 4
Types of problems which should be considered:

1. General Problem

2. Specific Problem

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General Problem Example of General Problem

It pertains to the opening paragraph that gives
specific details on other essential elements which are
the purpose, major variables, participants, setting,
and time coverage of the study. The said elements
serve as a guide in order to properly formulate the
general problem.

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General Problem Example of General Problem

Cristobal and Cristobal (2017) from their book Practical
Research 1 for Senior High School presented guidelines in the to determine - main task
writing of the general problem, as follows: functions, emojis, online communication - major variables
1. The general problem should clearly state the main task/s of grade 11 students - participants
the researcher. Lamao National High School - setting
2. The general problem should present the major variable/s school year 2019-2020 - time period
related to the phenomenon to be investigated. learning content presentation strategy - intended output

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General Problem Specific Problem

3. The general problem should identify the participants of
the study.
4. The general problem should state the research setting
as well as the time period of the study.
5. The general problem may indicate the intended output
of the study such as an intervention program, module,
policies, etc.
After formulating the general problem of a study,
enumeration of its specific problems should follow.
Unlike the general problem which is stated in a
declarative form, the specific problems are stated as
questions.

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Specific Problem
• After formulating the general problem of a study, enumeration of its specific
problems should follow.
•

THANK
Specific problems are stated as questions.
• It should all be anchored on the general problem.
• It should begin with words such as “what” and “how.”

YOU!
• The researcher may be able to solicit responses which can ensure detailed data
necessary to the study.
❖ Non-researchable questions, as in, those which are answerable by “yes” or “no”
should be avoided.

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Non-Researchable Questions
1. Do the participants use social media platforms for their
communication purposes?
2. Are the participants using emojis in their online
communication?
3. Can the participants understand the meaning of emojis used
in conversations?
4. Will the emojis be used for a language content learning
presentation strategy?

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Researchable Questions
1. What are the most frequently used emojis by the participants
in the corpus?
2. What are the pragmatic functions of emojis in the corpus?
3. How do multiple emojis affect the meaning of the discourse?
4. What learning content presentation strategy can be
proposed based on the results of the study?

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