Name – Bhagya Jayasinghe Student ID – ADNS222TMR

*Fever Types , Management , Diagnosis and Treatments

1) Viral Fevers:
Management: Rest, staying hydrated, and over-the-counter fever reducers like acetaminophen
or ibuprofen to alleviate discomfort.
Diagnosis: Based on symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. Viral testing may be
conducted in some cases.
Treatment: Typically focuses on relieving symptoms. Antiviral medications may be prescribed
for specific viral infections.
2) Bacterial Fevers:
Management: Antibiotics prescribed by a healthcare professional to target the specific bacterial
infection.
Diagnosis: Based on symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests like
blood cultures.
Treatment: Antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment for bacterial infections. The choice of
antibiotic depends on the identified or suspected bacterial pathogen.
3) Inflammatory Fevers:

Management: Addressing the underlying inflammatory condition through appropriate medical

treatments, lifestyle modifications, and medications to control symptoms.
Diagnosis: Based on symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and specific diagnostic
tests to identify the underlying inflammatory cause.
Treatment: Treatment focuses on managing the underlying inflammatory condition. This may
include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, disease-modifying
antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), or biologic therapies, depending on the condition.
4) Autoimmune Fevers:
Management: Treatment is aimed at controlling the autoimmune response and managing
symptoms. This may involve immunosuppressive medications or targeted therapies.
Diagnosis: Comprehensive evaluation of symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and
specific autoimmune markers or antibody tests.

Treatment: Treatment varies based on the specific autoimmune condition and may include
immunosuppressive drugs, corticosteroids, biologic therapies, or other targeted medications.
5)Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO):
Management: FUO refers to a persistent fever with an undiagnosed cause. Management
involves extensive evaluation, including medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests,
imaging studies, and sometimes biopsies, to determine the underlying cause.
Diagnosis: A systematic approach is used to identify the cause, ruling out infections,
malignancies, autoimmune conditions, and other potential sources.
Treatment: Once the cause is identified, treatment is targeted towards the underlying
condition.
*Blood Types , Abnormal Conditions of Blood, Diseases and Management
Blood Types:

Human blood is categorized into different blood types based on the presence or absence of
specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The most common blood type system is the
ABO system, which includes blood types A, B, AB, and O. Additionally, the Rh system
determines whether an individual has the Rh factor (positive) or lacks it (negative). The
combination of ABO and Rh types determines a person's overall blood type, such as A+, B-, AB+,
O-, etc.

Abnormal Conditions of Blood:

There are various abnormal conditions of the blood that can affect its composition and
function. Some common abnormal conditions include:

Anemia: Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a
decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. It can result from various causes, including
nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, genetic disorders, or blood loss.

Thrombocytopenia: Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by a low platelet count in

the blood. It can lead to increased bleeding and difficulty with clotting, resulting in easy bruising
and prolonged bleeding.

Leukemia: Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood-forming tissues in the body, such
as the bone marrow and lymphatic system. It results in the overproduction of abnormal white
blood cells, impairing the normal function of the blood.

Hemophilia: Hemophilia is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency or dysfunction of

certain blood clotting factors. It leads to impaired clotting ability and increased bleeding
tendencies, even from minor injuries.

Diseases and Management:

There are numerous diseases and conditions related to blood, and their management depends
on the specific disorder. Here are a few examples:
Iron-deficiency Anemia: This type of anemia is commonly caused by insufficient iron levels in
the body. Treatment involves iron supplementation and dietary changes to increase iron intake.
Sickle Cell Disease: Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder where red blood cells have
an abnormal crescent shape. Management includes pain relief, prevention of complications,
blood transfusions, and potentially stem cell transplantation.
Hemophilia: Hemophilia is managed through replacement therapy, where missing or defective
clotting factors are infused into the bloodstream to aid in clotting. Regular monitoring and
prophylactic treatments are often necessary to prevent bleeding episodes.

Leukemia: Treatment for leukemia depends on the specific type and stage. It may involve
chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or stem cell
transplantation.

Thrombocytopenia: Management of thrombocytopenia depends on the underlying cause.

Treatment may include medications to stimulate platelet production, addressing any
contributing factors, or platelet transfusions in severe cases.