Professional Documents
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Proposed Level 1 Hospital in Talisay Batangas Research (Wip)
Proposed Level 1 Hospital in Talisay Batangas Research (Wip)
Proposed Level 1 Hospital in Talisay Batangas Research (Wip)
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 06
AR 3228
BS Architecture III
Instructor:
INTRODUCTION
The healthcare industry is an essential sector in any community, and the availability
and accessibility of healthcare facilities are critical to ensuring the well-being of individuals
and communities.
In the Philippines, hospitals are categorized into 3 levels that are set by the
Department of Health. Level 1 which caters to patients that only need minor care and
supervision this level does not have Intensive Care Unit (ICU). While level 2 has the same
amenities as level 1 with additional facilities and services such as ICU and specialist doctors
for gynecology and pediatrics. Lastly, level 3 offers high-level specialty intervention like
physical rehabilitation or dialysis treatment.
Background of the Study
Talisay Batangas is a rapidly developing municipality located in the province of
Batangas, Philippines. The municipality is situated along the shores of Taal Lake and is
known for its scenic beauty, natural attractions, and rich cultural heritage. However, despite
the town's many attractions, the healthcare infrastructure is inadequate to cater to the growing
population's healthcare needs.
In a study conducted by Philippine Institute for Development Studies, it is said that
some hospital in the Philippines does not have basic diagnostic equipment such as X-ray,
ECG, and ultrasound equipment. 20% of hospitals do not have access to electronic medical
records. 8 % of hospitals do not meet standards for their facility level or have functional
sterilization equipment. While electricity, water, waste disposal, and ambulances continue to
be a challenge in some hospitals. Only 31 % have a reliable generator. 30 % have no access
to clean drinking water. 24 % have access to landfill, and for ambulances, 86 % have at least
1 emergency vehicle and meet DOH standards.
The existing healthcare facilities in Talisay Batangas are limited, and the few that are
available are often overcrowded and understaffed. The nearest major hospital is located in
Lipa City, which is over 20 kilometers away, making it challenging for residents to access
medical services promptly.
A hospital and other health facilities shall be planned and designed to observe
appropriate architectural practices, to meet prescribed functional programs, and to conform
to applicable codes as part of normal professional practice. References shall be made to the
following:
P. D. 1096 – National Building Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing
Rules and Regulations
P. D. 1185 – Fire Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and
Regulations
P. D. 856 – Code on Sanitation of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and
Regulations
B. P. 344 – Accessibility Law and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations
R. A. 1378 – National Plumbing Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing
Rules and Regulations
R. A. 184 – Philippine Electrical Code
Manual on Technical Guidelines for Hospitals and Health Facilities Planning
and Design. Department of Health, Manila. 1994
Signage Systems Manual for Hospitals and Offices. Department of Health,
Manila. 1994
Health Facilities Maintenance Manual. Department of Health, Manila. 1995
Manual on Hospital Waste Management. Department of Health, Manila. 1997
District Hospitals: Guidelines for Development. World Health Organization
Regional Publications, Western Pacific Series. 1992
Guidelines for Construction and Equipment of Hospital and Medical Facilities.
American Institute of Architects, Committee on Architecture for Health. 1992
De Chiara, Joseph. Time-Saver Standards for Building Types. McGraw-Hill Book
Company. 1980
1 Environment: A hospital and other health facilities shall be so located that it
is readily accessible to the community and reasonably free from undue
noise, smoke, dust, foul odor, flood, and shall not be located adjacent to
railroads, freight yards, children's playgrounds, airports, industrial plants,
disposal plants.
3 Safety: A hospital and other health facilities shall provide and maintain a
safe environment for patients, personnel and public. The building shall be
of such construction so that no hazards to the life and safety of patients,
personnel and public exist. It shall be capable of withstanding weight and
elements to which they may be subjected.
3.1 Exits shall be restricted to the following types: door leading directly
outside the building, interior stair, ramp, and exterior stair.
3.2 A minimum of two (2) exits, remote from each other, shall be
provided for each floor of the building.
3.3 Exits shall terminate directly at an open space to the outside of the
building.
4 Security: A hospital and other health facilities shall ensure the security of
person and property within the facility.
5.1 Corridors for access by patient and equipment shall have a minimum
width of
2.44 meters.
5.2 Corridors in areas not commonly used for bed, stretcher and
equipment transport may be reduced in width to 1.83 meters.
6 Lighting: All areas in a hospital and other health facilities shall be provided
with sufficient illumination to promote comfort, healing and recovery of
patients and to enable personnel in the performance of work.
8 Auditory and Visual Privacy: A hospital and other health facilities shall
observe acceptable sound level and adequate visual seclusion to achieve the
acoustical and privacy requirements in designated areas allowing the
unhampered conduct of activities.
9 Water Supply: A hospital and other health facilities shall use an approved
public water supply system whenever available. The water supply shall be
potable, safe for drinking and adequate, and shall be brought into the
building free of cross connections.
16 Fire Protection: There shall be measures for detecting fire such as fire
alarms in walls, peepholes in doors or smoke detectors in ceilings. There shall
be devices for quenching fire such as fire extinguishers or fire hoses that are
easily visible and accessible in strategic areas.
19.1 Outer Zone – areas that are immediately accessible to the public:
emergency service, outpatient service, and administrative service.
They shall be located near the entrance of the hospital.
19.2 Second Zone – areas that receive workload from the outer zone:
laboratory, pharmacy, and radiology. They shall be located near the
outer zone.
19.3 Inner Zone – areas that provide nursing care and management of
patients: nursing service. They shall be located in private areas but
accessible to guests.
19.4 Deep Zone – areas that require asepsis to perform the prescribed
services: surgical service, delivery service, nursery, and intensive
care. They shall be segregated from the public areas but accessible to
the outer, second and inner zones. Service Zone – areas that provide
support to hospital activities: dietary service, housekeeping service,
maintenance and motorpool service, and mortuary. They shall be
located in areas away from normal traffic.
20.1 The emergency service shall be located in the ground floor to ensure
immediate access. A separate entrance to the emergency room shall
be provided.
20.3 The surgical service shall be located and arranged to prevent non-
related traffic. The operating room shall be as remote as practicable
from the entrance to provide asepsis. The dressing room shall be
located to avoid exposure to dirty areas after changing to surgical
garments. The nurse station shall be located to permit visual
observation of patient movement.
20.4 The delivery service shall be located and arranged to prevent non-
related traffic. The delivery room shall be as remote as practicable
from the entrance to provide asepsis. The dressing room shall be
located to avoid exposure to dirty areas after changing to surgical
garments. The nurse station shall be located to permit visual
observation of patient movement. The nursery shall be separate but
immediately accessible from the delivery room.
20.5 The nursing service shall be segregated from public areas. The nurse
station shall be located to permit visual observation of patients.
Nurse stations shall be provided in all inpatient units of the hospital
with a ratio of at least one (1) nurse station for every thirty-five (35)
beds. Rooms and wards shall be of sufficient size to allow for work
flow and patient movement. Toilets shall be immediately accessible
from rooms and wards.
20.6 The dietary service shall be away from the morgue with at least a 25-
meter distance.
21 Space: Adequate area shall be provided for the people, activity, furniture,
equipment and utility.
Over 400, add 1 Over 600, add Over 400, add 1 fixture
fixture for each 1 fixture for for each additional 250
additional 500 males each males and 1 fixture for
and 1 fixture for each additional 300 each additional 200
additional 150 males females
females.
Table 4. Minimum Plumbing Facilities of Business Occupancy.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Green Space as a Tool for Healing and Productivity
In architecture, a green space refers to an area within a built environment that is
designed to incorporate vegetation and other natural elements. Green spaces can take many
forms, including parks, gardens, and green roofs. These spaces are important for a number of
reasons, including providing visual and physical relief from the built environment, reducing
the heat island effect, improving air quality, and supporting biodiversity. Green spaces can
also serve as gathering places for communities and can contribute to a sense of well-being
and connection with nature. As such, they are increasingly recognized as an essential element
of sustainable design and urban planning.
Green space is a vital aspect of every community. It offers a location where people
can unwind, take in the scenery, and breathe fresh air. However, there are numerous
advantages to green space that might not be as obvious. According to studies, green spaces
have significant advantages for people. They can boost mental clarity, lessen aggression,
lessen stress, and improve physical health.
In Chicago, a comparison of apartment buildings with and without vegetation
revealed that vegetation cuts crime in half. According to other studies, workplace greening
increased productivity (Biasotti, n.d.).
In addition to that by allowing people with busy schedules to escape from the
difficulties of their urban environments and actively participate in nature, green spaces help
people feel better about themselves. They also help people escape the daily fatigue and city
noise. to feel, see, hear, and smell the components that makeup.
The natural world can help people clear their minds, recharge, and give them a sense
of peace and tranquility (Kaplan, 1983, as cited by Yılmaz & Mumcu, 2016).
Green Space Design Principles
CASE STUDY
Local
Baler
Hospital,
Baler
Philippines
by Carlos
Arnaiz
Architects:
CAZA
Architectural Analysis:
For the project, CAZA developed a specialized 9-meter by a 9-meter structural grid that
supports a range of programs and specialized room layouts, enabling the hospital to adapt as new
needs emerge. The structural grid efficiently accommodates the exacting spatial requirements of
both the hospital and trauma center programs. The grid is interspersed with garden courtyards that
anchor the hospital’s various departments, maximizing natural lighting and connecting staff and
patients with the landscape. A central spine provides efficient circulation between each of the
departments.
Baler Hospital Floor Plan
Summary:
The architecture, space, and program are planned around a nine-by-nine-meter grid
that accommodates a three-by-three-meter room module, providing the flexibility to form a
variety of different arrangements for patient and examination rooms. Central spine will also
help efficiently circulate staff and medical supplies from the trauma centre to the general
hospital.
Architectural Analysis:
MAAJ Architects placed a cross-shaped courtyard for growing medicinal plants at the
heart of a timber-framed health center in the French town of Taverne. Because of the busy
road next door MAAJ Architects, decided to turn the building inwards. The plan of the
Taverny Medical Centre draws on the ancient cloister typology common in monasteries.
The cross-shaped central courtyard is wrapped by the center’s main circulation area.
The central patio offers several advantages such as natural lighting for the whole building. It
also serves as an open extension of the waiting rooms and acts as an intimate and sensory
place where medicinal plants are grown, a reminder of the health and curative purpose of the
center. Waiting areas are nestled into each corner protruding into the courtyard, and staircases
positioned along its north and south edges. Treatment rooms are placed around the perimeter.
Its exterior walls are infilled with wooden sheets, with only small windows to shut out noise
and views from the road. A glazed section of the exterior envelope marks the center’s
entrance, which is approached via a small landscaped garden that helps to create a buffer
between it and the road. Interiors are pale and calm, with exposed timber between the
glazing, white ceilings and white balustrades of thin steel.
Grey-brick hospital in the Chinese village of Angdong by Architects John Lin and
Joshua Bolchover
Archittectural Analysis:
The facility replaces an existing hospital in Hunan Province. It was designed to
address the lack of basic amenities provided by its predecessor and to provide a template for
other rural hospitals in China. Key to the design was the architects' desire to create a more
open and accessible feel than is typical of most institutional buildings in China. This was
achieved by creating angled gaps in the facades, which permit views of a central courtyard
that is visible from the adjacent road and open to the public.
One of the main issues with the existing hospital was the lack of lifts to transport
patients to the upper storeys, which meant relatives had to carry them up several flights of
stairs. The architects addressed this problem by constructing a shallow ramp that ascends
from the ground floor where the reception, pharmacy, clinic and injection room are located,
to reach wards on the upper floors. The new hospital was constructed alongside the existing
building, which continued to be used throughout the process. It was eventually removed and
replaced by the ramp and courtyard.
The building's facades are clad with a recycled grey brick that adds a layer of texture
between the smooth concrete floor slabs. A ramp continues onto the building's roof, where
two sets of steps culminate in a viewing platform that occupies one corner of the space.
Internal surfaces lining the sloping passageways feature custom-made blocks with round
openings that overlook the courtyard. The blocks were produced using a flexible latex mold
that enables apertures of different depths and angles to be inset or extruded from the surfaces.
EKH Children's Hospital in Thailand by Design studio Integrated Field
Architectural Analysis:
Integrated Field wanted the young visitors to the medical facility to be put at ease in what can
be a scary and unfamiliar place. The designers put fun elements, such as clouds above an
indoor swimming pool and soft play areas in the waiting rooms, to help distract children who
could be nervous or feeling unwell. An indoor swimming pool adds to the fun, with arched
windows that form circular reflections in the water and white clouds decorating the walls
against a sky-blue backdrop.
In the pharmacy, the play area is designed so that parents can easily keep an eye on their charges
when they're waiting at the counter. The rooms are themed around animals such as rabbits
Arches above doorways and alcoves and rounded seating areas were all designed with a
child's perspective in mind, and these architectural elements were scaled to their height.
Rooms are painted in soft pastel tones, including pink, blue and yellow. Ceiling decorations
double as nightlights. Rooms for overnight stays are given animal themes to make them more
appealing – Whale, Turtle, Lion and Rabbit Constellation. The animal's outline is picked out
on the ceiling so that it is visible during the day. At night, soft lightbulbs and glow in the dark
strips pick out a constellation of stars that acts as a comforting nightlight. Arches feature in
the hospital's bathrooms. Lighting in all of the hospital rooms and corridors is also designed
to be soft, rather than the harsh fluorescent lights usually found in hospital settings. In the
hospital bathrooms, the girls' toilets are tiled pink and the boys' yellow. Sinks and urinals are
set into arched alcoves, with half of the facilities placed at a child's height for easy access.
The facade is also decorated with animals. On the exterior facade, pastel-colored metal
screens have perforations that form the shape of animals.