STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

12.
THEORY OF STRUCTURES

SITUATION 1:
Classify the each of the structures shown as unstable, determinate or
indeterminate. 13.
1.

2.
hinge 14. 15.

3.

16.
4.
hinge

17.

5.

SITUATION 2:
Given the beam in the figure shown:
6. 10 kN 20 kN/m
hinge hinge 1m

A B C
7. 4m 2m

18. Calculate the vertical reaction at C, kN.

a. 37.50 c. 46.30
b. 42.50 d. 25.42
19. Calculate the vertical reaction at A, kN.
a. 4.25 c. 7.50
b. 6.30 d. 2.50
8. 20. Calculate the moment reaction at C, kN-m.
hinge
a. 45 c. 25
b. 35 d. 40

SITUATION 3: The side of the building in the figure is subjected to a

wind loading that creates a uniform normal pressure of 35 kPa on the
windward side and a suction pressure of 15 kPa on the leeward side
9. hinge

hinge

10. 11. 21. Determine the reaction at B, kN.

a. 750 c. 560
b. 150 d. 764.85
22. Calculate the reaction at A, kN.
a. 690 c. 330
b. 560 d. 764.85
23. Calculate the reaction at C, kN.
a. 450 c. 570
b. 764.85 d. 510
PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO
 SITUATION 4: a. 1.88 c. 3.54
The arch is subjected to the loading as shown. b. 2.77 d. 2.94
650 kN
hinge

2.5 m 210 kN C
B 3.0 m
cable
5m 3.5 m
A

3.5 m 10.5 m 4.2 m 4.2 m

24. Determine the reaction at B, kN.
a. 581.44 c. 210.00 SITUATION 8: A
b. 542.20 d. 563.44 B
uniform cable
25. Calculate the reaction at A, kN. weighing 3m
a. 99.75 c. 107.82 30N/m is A
b. 63.25 d. 7.50 suspended from
26. Calculate the tension in the cable, kN. points A and B. 2.80m
a. 246.09 c. 314.44 The force in the
b. 365.12 d. 328.13 cable at B is
known to be
SITUATION 5: 760N.
The cable is subjected to a uniform loading as shown.
25 m 35. Determine the tension at A, m.
a. 560 c. 630
2.1 m b. 670 d. 620
36. Calculate the horizontal distance between A and B, m.
a. 20.35 c. 25.04
b. 30.06 d. 35.01
10 kN/m 37. Determine the length of the cable, m.
27. Determine the minimum tension at the cable, kN. a. 28.34 c. 26.96
b. 33.16 d. 24.36
a. 125 c. 336.52
b. 372.02 d. 294.24
28. Determine the maximum tension at the cable, kN. SITUATION 9: The beam shown will carry the following moving loads:
a. 125 c. 336.52 Uniform live load = 15 kN/m
b. 392.46 d. 294.24 Concentrated Load = 110 kN
29. If Tmax = 500 kN; what will be the new load that the cable can Dead load = 20 kN/m
carry, kN/m?
A C B
a. 13.97 c. 10.62
b. 15.25 d. 12.74
3m 6m 2m 1m
SITUATION 6:
38. Determine the maximum shear at C, kN.
The cable is subjected to a uniform loading as shown.
a. 245.35 c. 178.35
25 m b. 147.19 d. 153.75
B 39. Determine the maximum positive moment at C, kN-m.
3m a. 345.00 c. 267.45
A b. 330.00 d. 325.45
1.8 m 40. Determine the maximum shear just at the right side of A, kN.
a. 278.66 c. 268.44
b. 354.11 d. 224.33

10 kN/m SITUATION 10: For the given truss shown determine:

30. Determine the maximum tension in the cable, kN. B C D
a. 359.52 c. 330.77
b. 140.88 d. 109.12 3m
31. Determine the minimum tension at the cable, kN.
a. 330.77 c. 359.52 A E
F G H
b. 109.12 d. 140.88
4 @ 4m
SITUATION 7: An electric power line of length 140m and mass 41. The maximum ordinate of the ILD for member BC, kN.
per unit length of 3 kg/m is to be suspended between two towers a. 1.33 c. 0.50
120m apart and of the same height. Consider the cable to be b. 0.67 d. 0.75
catenary. 42. The maximum ordinate of the ILD for member BG, kN.
32. Determine the sag of the cable, m. a. 0.33 c. 0.83
a. 61.45 c. 93.14 b. 0.67 d. 0.42
b. 35.00 d. 31.70 43. If a uniform live load of 12 kN/m and a concentrated load of 18 kN
33. Determine the maximum tension at the cable, kN move along the bottom chord of the truss, determine the max
a. 4.25 c. 2.74 compressive stress in member BG if it has across sectional area of
b. 1.65 d. 3.32 4800 mm2, MPa.
34. If Tmax = 4 kN, sag is equal to 25m and the mass per unit length if a. 5.32 c. 2.44
5kg/m, determine the horizontal component of the cable, kN. b. 4.34 d. 6.87

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 SOLUTION FOR DEFLECTIONS OF BEAMS: 48. The slope at midspan, /EI.
DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD: a. 3.33 c. 3.55
𝐸𝐼 𝑦" = 𝑀 b. 3.66 d. 3.44
CONJUGATE BEAM METHOD: 49. The deflection at 7m from the left support, /EI.
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 a. 565.96 c. 1772.53
𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 b. 750.20 d. 1325.12

• The load on the conjugate beam is the M/EI diagram of the DEFLECTION OF TRUSSES:
loads on the actual beam. ∑ 𝑆𝑈𝐿
𝛿=
• The point of zero shear for the conjugate beam corresponds 𝐴𝐸
to a point of zero slope for the real beam. Where:
𝑆 = 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝑈 = 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑

SITUATION 13: For the given truss (E = 150 GPa), determine the
following:

130 kN
B

(200 mm2)
3m

A (300 mm2) D (300 mm2) C

90 kN
4m 4m
50. Vertical deflection at D, mm.
a. 33.52 c. 26.45
b. 33.33 d. 37.70
51. Horizontal deflection at C, mm
a. 33.52 c. 23.48
b. 22.22 d. 21.25
52. Horizontal deflection at B, mm
a. 23.60 c. 19.25
b. 22.40 d. 24.25

FIX END MOMENTS:

VIRTUAL WORK
𝑀𝑚𝑑𝑥
𝛿=∫
𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝑚𝑑𝑥
𝜃=∫
𝐸𝐼

SITUATION 11: For the given beam, take EI = 89600 kN-m2 determine
the following:
15 kN/m

2m 3m 2m
44. The deflection at 5m from the left support, mm.
a. -2.55 c. -3.04 SITUATION 14:
b. -3.25 d. -4.12 For the given beam, determine the following:
45. The slope at mid-span, rad.
25 kN
a. 0.325 c. 0.00654
25 kN/m
b. 0 d. 0.00247
46. The maximum deflection, mm.
a. -4.35 c. -3.14
b. -6.77 d. -3.29
3m 1m 1m
SITUATION 12: For the given beam, determine the following: 53. The moment at the left support, kN-m.
100 kN 80 kN a. 35.32 c. 23.35
b. 46.75 d. 40.75
I 2I 1.5I 54. The moment at the right support, kN-m.
a. 46.75 c. 40.75
2m 5m 4m b. 35.32 d. 23.35
55. The vertical reaction at the left support, kN-m.
47. The deflection at 2m from the left support, /EI. a. 41.30 c. 36.25
a. 221.82 c. 532.73 b. 14.25 d. 58.70
b. 1146.26 d. 945.47
PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO
 SITUATION 15: If E is constant this equation becomes,
For the given beam, determine the following: 𝑀1 𝐿1 𝐿1 𝐿2 𝑎1 6𝐴2 ̅̅̅
𝑀3 𝐿2 6𝐴1 ̅̅̅ 𝑏2 ℎ1 ℎ3
+ 2𝑀2 ( + ) + + + = 6𝐸 ( + )
75 kN/m 𝐼1 𝐼1 𝐼2 𝐼2 𝐼1 𝐿1 𝐼2 𝐿2 𝐿1 𝐿2

If E and I are constant then,

1m 2m 3m 𝑎1 6𝐴2 ̅̅̅
6𝐴1 ̅̅̅ 𝑏2 ℎ1 ℎ3
𝑀1 𝐿1 + 2𝑀2 (𝐿1 + 𝐿2 ) + 𝑀3 𝐿2 + + = 6𝐸𝐼 ( + )
𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿1 𝐿2
56. The moment at the left support, kN-m.
a. 118.25 c. 195.94
For the application of three-moment equation to continuous beam,
b. 133.23 d. 109.44
points 1, 2, and 3 are usually unsettling supports, thus h1 and h3 are
57. The moment at the right support, kN-m.
zero. With E and I constants, the equation will reduce to:
a. 109.44 c. 195.94
b. 133.23 d. 118.25 𝑎1 6𝐴2 ̅̅̅
6𝐴1 ̅̅̅ 𝑏2
𝑀1 𝐿1 + 2𝑀2 (𝐿1 + 𝐿2 ) + 𝑀3 𝐿2 + + =0
𝐿1 𝐿2
SITUATION 16:
For the given beam, determine the following: SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD
2𝐸𝐼
160 kN/m 𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐴𝐵 + (2𝜃𝐴 + 𝜃𝐵 − 3𝜓)
40 kN/m 𝐿
2𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐴 + (𝜃𝐴 + 2𝜃𝐵 − 3𝜓)
𝐿
Where: 𝜃 and 𝜓 are slope and support settlements respectively.
1.5 m 3m 1.5 m
SITUATION 19: For the given beam, determine the following:
58. The moment at the left support, kN-m. 50 kN
a. 191.36 c. 225.38 25 kN/m
b. 187.13 d. 133.11
A C
59. The moment at the right support, kN-m. B
a. 225.38 c. 133.11
3m 2m 2m
b. 191.36 d. 187.13
60. The vertical reaction at the right support 65. The reaction at B, kN
a. 171.38 c. 113.15 a. 55.33 c. 33.37
b. 128.63 d. 142.25 b. 82.03 d. 48.66
66. The reaction at C, kN
a. 26.34 c. 23.74
SITUATION 17: For the given beam, determine the following: b. 16.63 d. 22.45
110 kN 67. The reaction at A, kN
70 kN/m a. 23.74 c. 22.45
b. 26.34 d. 16.63

SITUATION 20: For the given beam, determine the following:

4m 1m 1m
50 kN
6𝐴𝑎̅ 25 kN/m
61. The three-moment factor ( )
𝐿
a. 2651 c. 2659 C
b. 2351 d. 2359 A B
6𝐴𝑏̅ 3m 2m 2m
62. The three-moment factor ( )
𝐿
a. 2359 c. 2651 68. The reaction at B, kN
b. 2659 d. 2351 a. 43.50 c. 76.19
b. 32.69 d. 66.23
SITUATION 18: For the given beam, determine the following: 69. The reaction at C, kN
60 kN/m a. 14.77 c. 17.31
20 kN/m b. 18.22 d. 16.12
70. The moment reaction at A, kN-m
2m 3m 5m a. 12.75 c. 15.12
b. 23.12 d. 8.44
6𝐴𝑎̅ 71. The vertical reaction at A, kN
63. The three-moment factor ( )
𝐿 a. 26.50 c. 32.30
a. 5893.67 c. 6821.66 b. 35.20 d. 31.50
b. 5891.33 d. 6816.33
6𝐴𝑏̅
64. The three-moment factor ( )
𝐿
a. 6821.66 c. 5893.67
b. 6816.33 d. 5891.33

THE THREE MOMENT EQUATION:

𝑀1 𝐿1 𝐿1 𝐿2 𝑎1 6𝐴2 ̅̅̅
𝑀3 𝐿2 6𝐴1 ̅̅̅ 𝑏2
+ 2𝑀2 ( + )+ + +
𝐸1 𝐼1 𝐸1 𝐼1 𝐸2 𝐼2 𝐸2 𝐼2 𝐸1 𝐼1 𝐿1 𝐸2 𝐼2 𝐿2
ℎ1 ℎ3
= 6( + )
𝐿1 𝐿2
Where: ℎ1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ3 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 SITUATION 21:For the given beam, determine the following: PORTAL METHOD OF APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS
The portal method is an approximate analysis used for analyzing
4m building frames subjected to lateral loading.
10 kN/m ASSUMPTIONS:
• An inflection point is located at mid-height of each column.
• An inflection point is located at the center of each beam.
k= 1000 kN/m • The horizontal shear is divided among all the columns on
the basis that each interior column takes twice as much as
exterior column.
72. Determine the deflection of the beam if the spring is removed. E =
200 GPa. I = 1000 x 106 mm4, mm. SITUATION 23:
a. 1.20 c. 1.35 For the frame given, Use Portal Method of Analysis.
b. 1.60 d. 1.72
73. The reaction at the spring, kN. 20kN
a. 1.45 c. 1.22
b. 1.08 d. 1.55 5m
74. The moment reaction at the fixed support, kN-m.
a. 74.20 c. 75.12 30kN
b. 73.80 d. 75.68

5m
SITUATION 22:
For the beam shown, Take E=175GPa and I=630x106 mm4. A B C
8m 8m
120kN
30kN/m 78. Determine the moment at B, kN-m.
a. 62.50 c. 25
k=1100kN/m b. 37.50 d. 45.50
3m 79. Which of the following gives the axial reaction at A, kN-m?
3m
a. 0 c. 14.0625
75. Which of the following gives the deflection at midspan if the spring
b. 35.25 d. 11.725
is removed, mm?
80. Determine the moment reaction at A, kN-m.
a. 12.25 c. 6.14
a. 75 c. 31.25
b. 5.12 d. 9.49
b. 45.50 d. 25
76. Determine the reaction at the spring, kN.
a. 9.99 c. 5.39
b. 12.90 d. 6.46
77. Calculate the reaction at the roller in kN.
a. 145 c. 150
b. 143.55 d. 146.77

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO