NAME:________________ SECTION:____________

Module 7 take home quiz

Identification:

1. ___________________Also known as Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) or cell-

mediated immune reactions and are part of cell mediated immunity
2. __________________ Includes immune complex reactions, such as those that
occur in serum sickness and certain autoimmune diseases (e.g. systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis)
3. __________________ Involves cytotoxic reactions, meaning that body cells are
destroyed during these reactions
4. Such circulating IgG molecules, produced in response to allergy shots, are called
_________________
5. A _______________is considered positive if cutaneous anaphylaxis (e.g. swelling
and redness at the scratch or injection site) occurs; this is referred to as a “wheal
and flare” reaction.
6. ________________(this is the most common type of reaction; dry, itchy, irritated
areas on the skin; not a true allergy because the immune system is not involved
7. ________________(a type of delayed hypersensitivity or type IV allergy; skin
reactions similar to those caused by poison ivy)
8. ________________(a systemic type I, IgE-mediated reaction that can be very
serious, resulting in skin redness, hives, itching, respiratory symptoms, including
asthma, and shock)
9. ________________ is an example of a hapten – a substance that must first bind to
a host blood protein (a carrier protein) before IgE antibodies are produced

10. ________________Results from the release of chemical mediators from basophils

in the bloodstream. It occurs throughout the body and thus tends to be more serious
condition than localized anaphylaxis. It may lead to a severe, potentially fatal
condition known as anaphylactic shock
11. _______________(e.g. food and drugs) entering through the digestive tract can also
sensitize the host, and subsequent exposure may result in the symptoms of food
allergies (hives, vomiting, and diarrhea)
12. _______________ function by binding to and thus blocking sites where histamine
binds. It is not as effective in treating asthma, however, because the mediators of
this lower respiratory allergy include chemical mediators in addition to histamine.
13. _______________Involves mast cell degranulation. Examples include: hay fever,
asthma, and hives. The symptoms depend on how the allergen enters the body and
the sites of IgE attachment
14. ______________ People who are prone to allergies (atopic persons) produce IgE
(sometimes called regain) antibodies when they are exposed to allergens (antigens
that cause allergic reactions
15. _________________ Also known as anaphylactic reactions. Include classic allergic
responses such as hay fever symptoms, asthma, hives, and gastrointestinal
symptoms that result from food allergies; allergic responses to insect stings and
drugs; and anaphylactic shock
16. ________________ also known as cell-mediated reactions; antibodies play only a
minor role, if any; an example is a positive TB skin test
17. ________________ refers to an overly sensitive immune system. In such situation,
the immune system, in an attempt to protect the person, causes irritation or damage
to certain cells and tissues in the body.
18. -21 give 4 hazards of Immunization

22.-25 practical considerations in the use of vaccines

26._____________ One that has been prepared from bacteria isolated from a localized
infection, such as a staphylococcal boil
27._______________ are only experimental, a particular gene from a pathogen is
inserted into plasmids, and the plasmids are then injected into skin or muscle tissue
28. A ___________is an exotoxin that has been inactivated (made nontoxic) by heat or
chemicals.
29. Antibodies that neutralize toxins are called __________
30. a serum containing such antitoxins is referred to as an _____________.
31. ______________ Made by conjugating bacterial capsular antigens (which by
themselves are not very antigenic) to molecules that stimulate the immune system to
produce antibodies against the less antigenic capsular antigens.
32._______________ Uses antigenic (antibody-stimulating) portions of a pathogen,
rather than using the whole pathogen. For example, a vaccine containing pili of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae could theoretically stimulate the body to produce antibodies that
would attach to N. Gonorrhoeae pili, thus, preventing the bacteria from adhering to cells.
N. Gonorrhoeae cannot adhere to cells that line the urethra, they cannot cause urethritis
33. __________Made from pathogens that have been killed by heat or chemicals. Can
be produced faster and more easily, but they are less effective than live vaccines
34. ______________type of vaccine for : adenovirus, chickenpox (varicella), measles
(rubeola), mumps, german measles (rubella), polio (oral sabin vaccine), rotavirus, small
pox, yellow fever
35. _________________Type of vaccine for: BCG, cholera, tularemia, tyhoid fever (oral
vaccine)
36. The process of weakening pathogens is called ___________,
37. A successful vaccine for colds has not been developed, because so many different
types of viruses cause colds. Maintaining a successful vaccine for influenza is also
difficult because influenza viruses frequently change their surface antigens – a
phenomenon known as _________________.

38-45 According to the Center for Disease Control, children should receive the following
vaccines between birth and entry into the school:
46. the _______________vaccine contains toxoids to prevent diphtheria and tetanus
and portions of killed bacteria (Bordetella pertussis) to prevent whooping cough
(pertussis).
47-50 An ideal vaccine is one that has 4 charcateristics.
51. This method of preventing smallpox – using actual smallpox scabs – was known as
the “____________.
52. ________________is given to protect those who have been, or are apt to be
exposed to hepatitis b virus;
53._______________ is used to prevent tetanus in non-immunized patients with deep,
dirty wounds;
54. _______________may be given to prevent rabies after a person is bitten by a rabid
animal
55._______________ has been prepared from the serum of persons with high antibody
levels (titer) against certain diseases.
56. To provide temporary protection in these situations, the patient is given
____________; that is, antibodies taken from the blood of many immune people.
57._____________ Accomplished by transferring antibodies from an immune person to
a susceptible person
58. ______________ Small antibodies (like IgG) present in the mother’s blood cross the
placenta to reach the fetus while it is in the uterus

59._________________type of immunity Results when a person received a vaccine

60._________________type of immunity For individuals who have had a specific

infection wherein they had developed resistance to reinfection by the causative
pathogen due to the presence of antibodies and stimulated lymphocytes
61. _________________type of immunity the person receives antibodies that were
produced by another person or by more than one person, or, in some cases, by an
animal; such protection is usually only temporary lasting only about 3-6 weeks
62. If the antibodies are actually produced within the person’s body, the immunity is
called __________________; such protection is usually long lasting
63. ___________are responsible for the secondary, or memory response, which occurs
when the immune system is exposed to an antigen against which it has already
produced a primary response
64. ____________produce antibodies. The primary response normally takes 3-14 days
to produce enough antibodies to be effective against the antigen
65. -68 The amount of antibodies produced by a given antigenic stimulation depends on
the following 4 conditions:
69.-73 the five effects of the antibodies
74. ____________are the first antibodies formed in the primary response to antigens
(including pathogens) although IgG antibodies later become the most prevalent class
75._____________ The only class of immunoglobulin that can cross the placenta and
help protect the newborn during its first months of life
76._____________ Produced in response to allergens and plays a major role in
response to allergens
77. ____________ Found in large quantities on the surface of B cells
78._____________ The predominant class in saliva, tears, seminal fluid, colostrums,
breast milk, and mucous secretions of the nose, lungs, and GI tract
79. _________ are proteins produced by lymphocytes in response to the presence of an
antigen.
80. ___________ a.k.a. “Antibody-Mediated Immunity”Special glycoproteins
81-82. two main effects of the cytotoxic T cell.
83-87 .give the 5 types of Cytokines and their brief functions

88-90 gve 3 functions of cytokines or lymphokines

91. ___________ cells kill target cells, including foreign cells, host cells infected by
viruses or bacteria, and tumor cells
92._____________other name The term CD4 + cells refers to the fact that these cells
possess on their surface an antigen designated as CD4
93. ___________cells in the red bone marrow are cells that are capable of giving rise to
all blood cells
94.__________ type of antigen introduced from outside the body; microbes such as
bacteria and viruses, cause diseases, and components of microorganism and chemicals
released by microbes are examples, the same with transplanted tissues and organs
95._________type of antigen molecules produced by the person’s body that stimulate
an immune system response
96. ________– small molecules that may act as antigens only if they are coupled with a
large carrier molecule such as a protein
97. ___________– molecules or antigenic sites on the surface of a bacterial cell
capable of stimulating the production of antibodies
98. _________Foreign organic substances that are large enough to stimulate specific
host resistance or immune response;
99-102. The 4 general properties of the specific immune response are the following:

103. The ________ is the 3rd line of defense against pathogens; it is a specific host
defense mechanism
104. ______________involve complex interactions among many different types of body
cells and cellular secretions
105. _________ is the ability to resist damage from foreign substances, such as
microorganisms, and harmful chemicals, such as toxins released by microorganisms
106. ___________is the scientific study if the immune system and immune responses
107. -110 the four steps in phagocytosis
111.-112The two most important groups of phagocytes in the human body are the
___________and _________; they are sometimes called as “professional phagocytes,”
because phagocytosis is their major fun
113. -116 The primary purposes of the inflammatory response are to:4 purposes
117. Pathogens able to penetrate the first line of defense are usually destroyed by non-
specific cellular and chemical responses, collectively referred to as the _____________.

118-122. discuss briefly the following complex sequence of events develops involving
production of fever, production of interferons, activation of the complement system,
inflammation, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis.
123. __________ is an enzyme that produces superoxide radicals, highly reactive
forms of oxygen, which are toxic to bacteria
124. ________ is a protein that binds to iron, a mineral required by all pathogens
125-126. 2 sets of first line of defense
127. ___________– refers to the ways in which the body protects itself from pathogens
can be thought of as an army consisting of three lines of defense.
128.-130 give 3 the skin provide a physical barrier, but there are several factors that
account for the skin’s ability to resist pathogens.