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  • MACHINE LEARNING Watermark (1) 434929

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    1. The document discusses various machine learning models including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. It also covers important preprocessing steps like data cleaning, standardization, and dimensionality reduction techniques. 2. Dimensionality reduction techniques like principal component analysis and clustering algorithms like k-means are explained. Model performance is evaluated using techniques like bias-variance tradeoff and cross-validation. 3. Reinforcement learning concepts involving states, actions, rewards, exploration and exploitation are introduced. Deep reinforcement learning using neural networks is also mentioned.

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    1. The document discusses various machine learning models including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. It also covers important preprocessing steps like data cleaning, standardization, and dimensionality reduction techniques. 2. Dimensionality reduction techniques like principal component analysis and clustering algorithms like k-means are explained. Model performance is evaluated using techniques like bias-variance tradeoff and cross-validation. 3. Reinforcement learning concepts involving states, actions, rewards, exploration and exploitation are introduced. Deep reinforcement learning using neural networks is also mentioned.

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    2 views1 page

    MACHINE LEARNING Watermark (1) 434929

    Uploaded by

    arun13091987
    1. The document discusses various machine learning models including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. It also covers important preprocessing steps like data cleaning, standardization, and dimensionality reduction techniques. 2. Dimensionality reduction techniques like principal component analysis and clustering algorithms like k-means are explained. Model performance is evaluated using techniques like bias-variance tradeoff and cross-validation. 3. Reinforcement learning concepts involving states, actions, rewards, exploration and exploitation are introduced. Deep reinforcement learning using neural networks is also mentioned.

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    of 1

    ‎Machine Learning vs.

    Classical Econometrics

    ‎1. MACHINE LEARNING AND DATA ‎ upervised, Unsupervised, and


    S
    ‎PREPARATION ‎Reinforcement Learning Models

    ‎Standardization
    ‎Data Preparation and Cleaning
    ‎Normalization

    ‎Principal Components Analysis

    ‎K-means algorithm
    ‎2. PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS AND
    ‎K-MEANS CLUSTERING
    ‎centroids

    ‎K-Means Clustering ‎Euclidean distance

    ‎Manhattan distance

    ‎silhouette coefficient

    ‎Underfitting and Overfitting ‎bias- variance tradeoff


    ‎3. METHODS OF PREDICTION AND SAMPLE
    ‎1. MODELS ‎SPLITTING ‎ raining, Validation, and Test Data Sub-
    T
    ‎cross-validation
    ‎Samples

    ‎States (S)

    ‎Actions (A)

    ‎Rewards (R)

    ‎exploitation

    ‎Reinforcement Learning ‎exploration

    ‎Monte Carlo method

    ‎temporal difference learning method

    ‎Deep reinforcement learning

    ‎ . REINFORCEMENT LEARNING AND


    4
    ‎neural networks
    ‎NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

    ‎text mining

    ‎tokenized

    ‎stopwords

    ‎Natural Language Processing ‎Stemming

    ‎
    ‎Lemmatization
    ‎MACHINE LEARNING
    ‎N-grams

    ‎bag of words

    ‎Categorial Variables ‎one-hot encoding

    ‎hyperparameter
    ‎Ridge Regression (L2 regularization)
    ‎shrinkage penalty
    1‎ . CATEGORIAL VARIABLES,
    ‎REGULARIZATION, AND LOGISTIC ‎Regularization
    ‎LASSO
    ‎REGRESSION

    ‎elastic net

    ‎logistic function

    ‎maximum likelihood method

    ‎Logistic Regression ‎log- likelihood function

    ‎mean squared forecast error (MSFE)

    ‎mean absolute forecast error

    ‎classification and regression trees

    ‎Decision Trees
    ‎Entropy
    ‎Information gain
    ‎Gini measure
    ‎2.PREDICTION
    ‎2.DECISION TREES, ENSEMBLE LEARNING, K- ‎Bootstrap aggregation (or bagging)
    ‎NEAREST NEIGHBORS, AND SUPPORT
    ‎VECTOR MACHINES ‎Ensemble Learning ‎Random forests

    ‎Boosting

    ‎ -Nearest Neighbors and Support Vector


    K
    ‎Machines

    ‎artificial neural networks (ANNs)

    ‎activation function
    ‎Neural Networks
    ‎gradient descent algorithm

    ‎learning rate

    ‎3. NEURAL NETWORKS AND PERFORMANCE ‎1. True positives (TP)

    ‎2. False positives (FP)


    ‎confusion matrix
    ‎3. True negatives (TN)

    ‎Predictive Performance
    ‎4. False negatives (FN)

    ‎receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve ‎area under the ROC curve (AUC)

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