MYSTICAL ROSE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

POGONLOMBOY, MANGATAREM, PANGASINAN

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT
Module 3

Lesson Objectives:
1. Create a credible, logical report that is thoroughly researched and fact-checked.
2. Know the features of a good TED talk.

The Tools Needed in Critical/Creative Reports

In today’s day and age, everyone is expected to be able give critical and creative reports. This includes lawyers,
engineers, and government employees, not just those who are working in the fields multimedia and the arts. Modern
technology has made it easier for people to complement their reports with arresting visual aids and helpful videos, and
it has helped tremendously in the spread of all kinds of information. To succeed in one’s academic and professional life,
one should be able to master the report.

Best Practices of Public Speaking

1. Introduction. What makes a speech electric? What makes a speech effective it can make the audience have
goosebumps or make them flush in rage or joy? Some speeches can be so effective they trigger adrenaline, while
other speeches, just as effective, trigger a sense of peace and calm in the midst of chaos. Great speakers have
been called hypnotic, magnetic, and charismatic , and this is not just because they have a compelling message,
but because of the captivating manner they deliver these speeches, as well.
2. Performance. Speeches are performances, they are delivered best when they have the feel of authenticity and
earnestness.
3. Plan the Speech. It is important to express oneself in an expressive and articulate manner. It is best to choose
one’s words carefully, and to ensure that one’s speech builds on the foundations of logos, pathos, and ethos. To
come across as articulate, one must also nurture a speaking style that is effective, and this style varies from one
person to another.
4. Eye Contact. One way of coming across as authentic is the ability to make good eye contact with the audience,
and to speak in a manner that touches them.
5. Speaking Style. Different people have different speaking styles, and one can only find one’s personal style
through constant practice.
6. Hand Gesture. Whatever kind of speaker one may be, it is always best to be more purposeful when it comes to
choosing hand gestures. Hand gestures can create as much of an impact as the content of the speech it self.
7. Recording the Speech for Feedback. One of the best practices in public speaking is to videotape speakers, and
then have these speakers watch themselves.
8. Peer Evaluation. Unfortunately, not all schools have the means to record their students’ speeches. Should this
be the case, it is important to have discerning teachers, coaches, or peers to provide feedback when it comes to
the effectively of one’s speech.
9. Appearance. When it comes to appearance, it is important to look credible and worthy of respect.
10. Clothing. Traditional audiences often call for more formal clothing.
11. Good Grooming. In addition, good grooming is a must, and that extends to one’s hair to one’s nails.
12. Visual Aids. Since we live in a world that is more dependent on information technology, it has become de
rigueur for audiences to expect speeches to be accompanied with visual aids, such as PowerPoint presentations,
video or audio clips, and infographics.
13. PowerPoint Presentations. When it comes to the use of PowerPoint, one should ensure that the font size of the
text is not too small.
14. Handouts. It would be best to have handouts ready for one’s audience, so that members of the audience will
not have to scramble when taking notes during the presentation.
15. Feedback. Although the speech is a performance, it is also one where its audience can participate, often by the
speaker asking rhetorical of directing questions to the audience.
16. Conclusion. In the end, public speaking is a dynamic performance that is meant to disseminate information,
create greater awareness and evoke emotions in the audience.
 Documented Essays
The term “academic” suggests more than just the style and tone of writing. An essential aspect of an academic paper
is its credibility and its contribution to scholarly studies. “Documented essay” is another for “academic paper” ; here, the
term “documented” emphasizes that any kind of scholarly or academic writing requires the writer to (1) read and gather
information from a variety of relevant sources on a chosen topic, (2) clearly acknowledge these supporting sources, and
(3) add to scholarship by selecting, arranging, commenting on, or even debunking the information from these sources.

Documented Essays versus Standard Essays

Documented Essay Standard Essay

All assertions should be supported with valid evidence from Assertions are mostly based on the writer’s observations,
different kinds of sources. ideas, and beliefs.

A longer piece of writing (usually, 5 to 8 pages). A shorter piece of writing (usually, 5 to 8 paragraphs).

Purpose: to conduct research on a particular topic and uniquely Purpose: to analyze already written research papers and
report the results. present the writer’s opinion regarding the topic.

A documented essay is built on the knowledge of other people The standard essay only reflects the author’s thoughts
specializing in a particular field. Thus, it relies on numerous regarding the particular issue. It does not depend on
secondary sources. outside sources.

The writer selects a raw material and turns it into a research The writer does not conduct any research. They rely on
paper. already done literature.

It requires a holistic picture of the researched issue. It does not require a multifaceted understanding of the
theme. It may cover specific points of the broad issue.

What is Plagiarism?
Many people think of plagiarism as copying another's work or borrowing someone else's original ideas. But terms like
"copying" and "borrowing" can disguise the seriousness of the offense:

According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, to "plagiarize" means:

 to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
 to use (another's production) without crediting the source
 to commit literary theft
 to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source

In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both stealing someone else's work and lying about it afterward.
But can words and ideas really be stolen?
According to U.S. law, the answer is yes. The expression of original ideas is considered intellectual property and is
protected by copyright laws, just like original inventions. Almost all forms of expression fall under copyright protection
as long as they are recorded in some way (such as a book or a computer file).

All of the following are considered plagiarism:

 turning in someone else's work as your own
 copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
 failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
 giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
 changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit
 copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give
credit or not (see our section on "fair use" rules)
Most cases of plagiarism can be avoided, however, by citing sources. Simply acknowledging that certain material has
been borrowed and providing your audience with the information necessary to find that source is usually enough to
prevent plagiarism. See our section on citation for more information on how to cite sources properly.

Tell Tale Signs of Plagiarism

1. When your style of writing the paper seems apparently different to what you capable of.
2. When you use more quotes than you actually do.
 3. When you show extra confidence for plagiarized work and none at all for your other papers.
4. When you use old evidence, data or statistics.
5. When your paper is written in a remarkable writing style but is irrelevant to the topic.
Effects of Plagiarism
1. Plagiarism Affects Authors
Plagiarizing amounts to far more than simply stealing a piece of work: it is claiming to be the author of that work.  For
the author, the feeling of having been symbolically eliminated can be devastating
2. Plagiarists Swindle… Readers
Plagiarism threatens the foundations of knowledge. Plagiarism destroys the links to past knowledge by refusing readers
access to sources.
3. Plagiarism Infringes Authors’ Future Rights
When original ideas are stolen from an author, not only is he robbed of the result of his/her research, but also, if he
continues to publish on his research topic he will be obliged to systematically cite his plagiarist who after all, can claim
prior publication.
4. Plagiarism Induces Pointless Research
Only rarely is plagiarism a copy paste of an entire work. Most plagiarists borrow patchily from previous publications. It is
easy to see how these post-modern artists proceed, composing collages of works from different genres or perspectives
pretending to give new meaning to a complex reality.
5. Plagiarism Defrauds the System 
Nobody has more than twenty-four hours in a day. If you know how long it takes to produce a decent piece of research,
the number of publications in certain researchers’ CVs is truly miraculous! Plagiarism makes it easy to lengthen the list of
publications on a CV and when promotion or recruitment commissions seek quantity, they offer plagiarist positions they
should never have obtained. Plagiarism thus results in favoring the cheat to the detriment of the honest author.
6. Plagiarism Also Encourages Sloppy Research
Plagiarism gradually saps authors’ confidence, as what starts as a “one-off” may grow into an offense the plagiarist can
no longer do without. From plagiarizing here and there, the lapses become more and more frequent until this laziness
becomes a habit that ignores any moral distinction
7. Plagiarism Obstructs the Work of Scientific Journals
A persistent myth is that scientific journals remain the guardians of academic knowledge. Rowland[1] identifies four
basic functions of scientific journals on which there is a broad consensus in the scientific milieu[2]: diffusing knowledge,
archiving canons of knowledge, quality control of publications and attributing authors’ reputation and rankings
8. Plagiarism Brings Out the Worst in People
Plagiarism discredits the whole profession, so plagiarism scandals also affect those who are not guilty, encouraging
rumors about their integrity. In this way, people who have published a few poorly constructed sentences find
themselves suspected of plagiarism.
9. Plagiarism Harms Educational Establishments
In an Institute survey, 37% of respondents declared the main victim of researchers’ plagiarism to be the academic
system and its reputation. According to these respondents, the system’s credibility and public image are damaged
because when the media exposes plagiarism, it harms all academic stakeholders. Today, social media often acts more
quickly than official inquiry boards even when these do try to deal with cases that come up.
10. Fighting Plagiarism is Expensive
Any university that chooses to fight plagiarism must first set up an investigation commission; the investigations will likely
be long and costly. Today, nobody knows the true cost of such investigations that include lawyers’ and other
investigators’ fees, time lost by all involved,  reputation costs, etc. Furthermore, when plagiarism is discovered in
research laboratories or other university departments, more time must be spent checking that it has not spread
throughout the establishment. For example, in a case of scientific fraud in Luxemburg, specialists from each discipline
checked the practices of all the suspected plagiarist’s collaborators.
 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
Module 3
ACTIVITY SHEET

NAME:________________________________________ Instructor:______________
Yr. and Section: _______________________________ Date: _______________

Learning Task 1:
Directions: Answer the following questions comprehensively.

1. Why public speaking is a performance?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Is a good public speaker born, not made? Or is it a mixture of both? Explain your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why is it important to match one’s appearance to one’s audience?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
4. When are visual aids effective when people give speeches and reports?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
5. What is speaking style? Can you think of any famous person who has the same speaking style?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Learning Task 2:
Directions: Cite at least 5 documents in the internet or any resources that shows plagiarism and tell the effects of it.