Amisha, et al. “Overview of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine.

” Journal of Family Medicine and Primary

Care, Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, July 2019, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6691444/.

This article gives an overview of Artificial Intelligence in medicine from when the idea was first
proposed to the present day and gives many examples with data and reasonings of how this would even look
like. The article goes over the introduction of artificial intelligence in medicine by Alan Turing back in 1950
which paved the way for artificial intelligence machines to become more mainstream in the later decades in the
forms of bayesian networks and hybrid systems which eventually led to this technology starting to be used in
healthcare applications from around 2016. The findings of this piece include that a lot of AI is already being
utilized in the medical field which ranges from simply scheduling appointments to drug dosage algorithms and
adverse effect warnings while prescribing multidrug combinations. An illustration of a Pi chart is given that
shows all the various ways that applications of artificial intelligence in healthcare are now being used, which
includes disease diagnostics and surgical treatment. An example of how artificial intelligence in medicine can
physically be used includes the Da Vinci robotic surgical system which has robotic arms that can precisely
mimic a surgeon’s hands with a 3D view and magnification options that allow the surgeon to perform minute
incisions. Benefits of this technology being used in medicine include AI-enabled computer applications to help
primary care physicians better identify patients who require extra attention with personalized protocols, AI
being used daily to help primary care physicians simply take notes, and the applications of it to applications
collect and analyze patient data allowing for better insight into patient's medical needs. However, this article
also goes over some of the disadvantages of AI being used in medicine such as the fact that lacks human
empathy and emotional intelligence, and the fact that it would lead to a loss of jobs. Thus, AI is the next step in
improving medical care for patients and doctors themselves by providing accurate functions and data to help
perform tasks better. At the same time, a human touch is always needed in addition to AI to ensure for a better
blend of automation and human judgment which will allow for a brighter future in medicine overall.

The authors of this article, Amisha, Paras Malik, Monika Pathania, and Vyas Kumar Rathaur,
are qualified to discuss the overview of artificial intelligence in medicine because of their credentials)
include working in the department of medicine at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), and
working in the department of pediatrics at Government Doon Medical College in India. Also, numerous
more articles have been published by them such as Fahr Syndrome on February 22 of 2022, and their
contact information (such as an email address of amishagupta2012@gmail.com) is included in the
article. Written 3 years/months ago, this source is current on the topic of Artificial intelligence
technology in medicine. Even though an opinion is stated, the author still presents claims, reasoning,
and evidence to show why that opinion is valid and credible as well as addressing counterclaims and
alternate points of view. For example, the authors support the database approach for computers
learning the art of diagnosing a patient over the flowchart approach and gave good reasons and
examples such as the fact that this method is more precise as it utilizes the principle of deep learning or
pattern recognition that involves teaching a computer via repetitive algorithms in recognizing what
certain groups of symptoms or certain clinical/radiological images look like. A specific example they
gave includes Google’s artificial brain project in 2012 as this recognized cats after watching millions of
youtube videos and even could predict an image of a cat with 75% accuracy 3 days later. The authors
also stated a flaw in the flowchart approach as the outcomes of this approach are limited because the
machine would only be able to actually learn when watching a doctor interact with a patient. The
coverage can be considered broad and/or deep because rather than focusing on a specific part of
artificial intelligence in medicine, the article gives a general summary of what it even is and then
provides examples that include data and illustrations. The information contained in the source can be
verified elsewhere. For example, the author says that John McCarthy first described the term AI in 1956
as the science and engineering of making intelligent machines”, which can be corroborated by Yoav
Mintz and Ronit Brodie in their publication Introduction to Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. (Name
specific ideas/conclusions mentioned in the second publication.) They also state that the term
“Artificial Intelligence” was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 (which matches the year), and also state
that Alan Turing helped give the idea that artificial intelligence can match human behavior - which
matches up with the article by Amisha, Paras Malik, Monika Pathania, and Vyas Kumar Rathaur. The
purpose of this article is to inform people about what Artificial Intelligence in medicine actually is and
give a general idea of what it looks like with examples and data collected from studies over the years,
which give much information about this topic such as the fact that been documented that AI systems
were able to outperform dermatologists in correctly classifying suspicious skin lesions. This study
shows that artificial technology can perform tasks more accurately than people who are professionals,
without even needing the emotional characteristics of humans. The audience is individuals who plan
on researching to gain more knowledge or wanting to improve the use of artificial intelligence in
medicine and want to get broad examples and ideas of what it would even look like. The article is
appropriate for this purpose and audience because it gives a general overview from the introduction of
artificial intelligence into medicine to giving examples of research conducted and studies, without
getting too much into the nitty gritty and overwhelming the reader For example, the article states that
“AI in medicine can be dichotomized into two subtypes: Virtual and physical. The virtual part ranges
from applications such as electronic health record systems to neural network-based guidance in
treatment decisions. The physical part deals with robots assisting in performing surgeries, intelligent
prostheses for handicapped people, and elderly care.” This is a precise way of informing learners of
how artificial technology in medicine can be put into use (through virtual means or physical means),
and it doesn’t state more than it needs to while still giving examples of how it would look in both
subtypes.