Jharkhand Economic Survey 2022-23

JHARKHAND
ECONOMIC SURVEY
2022-23
DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
(CENTRE FOR FISCAL STUDIES)
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
GOVERNMENT OF JHARKHAND
Jharkhand Economic Survey 2022-23
Jharkhand Economic
Survey 2022-23
DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
(CENTRE FOR FISCAL STUDIES)
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
GOVERNMENT OF JHARKHAND
251
Copyright – 2023
Department of Finance Government of Jharkhand
Published by:
Centre for Fiscal Studies
Department of Planning and Development
Government of Jharkhand
All right reserved. No part of this public action may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means without
the prior permission of the Centre for Fiscal Studies, Planning and Development Department, Government of Jharkhand.
Prepared By : Centre for Fiscal Studies, Planning and Development Department

Government of Jharkhand
Research Team
Dr. Harishwar Dayal Mr. Krishna Nandan Prasad Mr. Ramanuj Kumar Singh Dr. Dhiraj Mani Pathak
Dr. Seema Akhouri Mr. Praveen Kumar Dr. Shalini Saboo Dr. Nutan Tigga
Ms. Alisha Gupta Ms. Ivana Chakarvarty Dr. Tanushree Kundu Ms. Harshita Sawarn
Ms. Divya Choudhary
Name of the Authors Chapters and Sections

Editor, Macro-Economic Overview, Fiscal Development and
Dr. Harishwar Dayal
State Finances, Labour and Employment, Tribal Welfare and
Head of the Department of Economics and Dean, Interventions for the Underprivileged (Jointly)
Social Sciences, St. Xavier's College, Ranchi
Agriculture and Allied Activities (Jointly)
Dr. Dhiraj Mani Pathak Rural Development and Panchayati Raj, Natural Resource:
Assistant Professor of Economics in St. Xavier's Forest, Water and Mineral Resources, Food and Nutrition
College, Ranchi Security, Drinking Water and Sanitation
Ms. Alisha Gupta
M.Sc. International Business Economics & Finance, Institutional Finance, Drinking Water and Sanitation
Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune
Dr. Shalini Saboo
Assistant Professor Institute of Legal Studies, Ranchi Tribal Welfare and Interventions for the Underprivileged
University
Ms. Ivana Chakraborty
Tourism, Art, Culture, Sports and Youth Affairs (Jointly),
Assistant Professor & Head of the Department, Women’s and Child Development (Jointly)
Sociology, St. Xavier's College, Ranchi
Dr. Tanushree Kundu
Urban Development, Education
Assistant Professor, Marwari College, Ranchi
Ms. Divya Choudhary
Agriculture and Allied Activities (Jointly), Industry
Fellow IIM, Ranchi
Dr. Nutan Tigga
Health and Nutrition
Independent Researcher
Dr. Seema Akhouri Tourism, Art, Culture, Sports and Youth Affairs (Jointly),
Head Mistress, DPS, Ranchi Women’s and Child Development (Jointly)
Ms. Harshita Sawarn Infrastructure and Communication
Ph.D. Scholar at IIT Delhi
Mr. Praveen Kumar
Statistical Appendix
Independent Researcher
Editorial Team
Dr. Harishwar Dayal Dr. Shalini Saboo Dr. Sumana Ghosh Dr. Sunil Kr. Bhatia
Ms. Ivana Chakraborty Ms. Zeba Akhtar Mr. Ashish Ranjan Mr. Praveen Kumar
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: MACRO ECONOMIC OVERVIEW 1-26
GSDP of Jharkhand since Its Formation
GSDP of Jharkhand in 2022-23 and 2023-24
India and Jharkhand
Inter-State Comparison of Per Capita Income and Growth-Rate
A Decomposition of Jharkhand’s Growth Rate
Sectoral Share in the Gross State Value Added
Sectoral Variations in Growth-Rate
Changes in the Sectors and Sub-Sectors in the GSVA
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Sector
Industry
Tertiary/ Service Sector
Inflation in Jharkhand
Poverty in Jharkhand
Conclusion
CHAPTER 2: FISCAL DEVELOPMENT AND State FINANCES 27-52

Size of the Budget
Receipts of the State
Revenue Receipts of Jharkhand
Revenue Receipts of Jharkhand as a Per centage of its Nominal GSDP
The Composition of the Revenue Receipts of the State
State’s Own Taxes
Efficiency of Tax Collection
Buoyancy of State’s own Taxes
Non-Tax Revenue of the State
State’s Own Non-Tax Revenue
State’s other own non-tax Revenue
Grant-in-Aid from GoI
Capital Receipts
Expenditure of the State
Composition of Expenditure
Establishment Expenditure
Expenditure on Schemes
Expenditure as a per centage of Nominal GSDP
Deficit position of the state
Debt and Liabilities of the state
Debt-Sustainability
Conclusion
i
CHAPTER 3: INSTITUTIONAL FINANCE 53-82
Introduction
Financial Infrastructure of Jharkhand
ATMs
White Label ATMs
Deposits
Advances
C-D RATIO
C-D Ratio in Aspirational Districts of Jharkhand
Recovery of Advances and the NPA
NPA under different government schemes
PMEGP
The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana
Annual Credit Plan
Kisan Credit Card
Status of KCC
PM KISAN Scheme
PRADHAN MANTRI MUDRA YOJANA
“Stand Up India” Loan Programme
Schemes for Financial Inclusion
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)
Conclusion
CHAPTER 4: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND PANCHAYATI RAJ 83-118

Introduction
Progress under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
The Coverage
MGNREGA in Jharkhand: Coverage, Employment Generation and Asset Creation
Employment Generation with the Pattern of Demand for and Supply of Work
Analysis of Works Completed and Assets Created
Analysis of Labour Budget, Availability of Funds and Expenditure
Analysis of District-wise Outlays and Outcomes for the Financial Year 2022-2023
Progress under Birsa Harit Gram Yojana (BHGY), Neelambar Pitambar Jal Sammridhi Yojana (NPJSY) and
Veer Sahid Poto Ho Khel Vikas Yojana
Progress in Rural Road Connectivity under PMGSY
Progress in providing Pucca Affordable Housing to the Rural People under PMAY-G
Progress under the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) in Jharkhand
Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS)
Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS)
Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IDPS)
National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS):
ii
Annapurna
Special Social Assistance Schemes of the Government of Jharkhand
Swami Vivekananda Nishakt Swalamban Protsahan Yojana (SVNSPY)
State Social Security Old Age Pension Scheme (SSSOAPS)
Adim Jan Jati Pension Yojana (AJJPY)
Rajya Vidhwa Samman Pension Yojana (RVSPY)
State Security Pension Scheme for AIDS/HIV infected people
Developing Urban Facilities in the Rural Areas and the Progress of Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission
(SPMRM) in Jharkhand
Integrated Cluster Action Plan (ICAP)
Details Project Report (DPR)
Convergence
Ministry of Rural Development provides Critical Gap Funding (CGF)
Progress Under the Adarsh Gram Schemes in Jharkhand
Prime Minister Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY)
Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY)
CM Smart Gram Panchayat yojana (CM SGY)
MLA Adarsh Gram Yojana (AGY)
Aajeevika - Deendayal Antyodaya Yojna-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) and
achievements of JSLPS
Outreach of JSLPS and the Formation of Shelf-help Groups (SHGs) and other groups in the state
Financial Inclusion under JSLPS Activities and SHGs Credit Linkage
Livelihood in On-Farm, Off-Farm and Non-Farm Activities
Goat-based livelihood intervention along with backyard poultry, Duckery, and Piggery
Achievements of ‘Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana’ (MKSP)
Lac and Tamarind Processing
Medicinal and Aromatic Plant
Resham Production
Promotion of Non-Farm activities by the JSLPS
Start-up Village Entrepreneurship Program (SVEP)
Palash Brand
Skilling and Placement activities under the JSLPS
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana
Training and Assistance for Self-Employment to Unemployed Rural Youth through the Rural Self-
Employment Training Institute (RSETI)
Boosting Agricultural Production through Jharkhand Horticulture Intensification by Micro-Drip Irrigation
Project (JHIMDI)
Other Initiatives of the JSLPS
Ajeevika Canteen
Community Based Monitoring System
Community Journalist
Progress under the ‘Jharkhand Opportunities for Harnessing Rural Growth’ (JOHAR) Project
iii
Physical Progress under JOHAR (till September, 2021)
Progress of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in Jharkhand
Empowering Local Governments through Central Finance Commission Grants
XVth Finance Commission Grants (2021-2026) to Jharkhand
Governance in Fifth Schedule Areas and the progress under The Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to
the Scheduled Areas) Act in Jharkhand
Progress under Capacity Building and Training Programmes
Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA)
Gram Panchayat Development Plans (GPDPs) and People’s Plan Campaign (Sabki Yojana Sabka Vikas)
Incentivization of Panchayats through Panchayat Awards
Recently Launched Schemes to Strengthen Panchayati Raj Institutions
Progress under Panchayat Citizen Charter
Svamitva
Conclusion
CHAPTER 5: URBAN DEVELOPMENT 119-148

Urban Population in Jharkhand
Socio-Economic Profile of Urban Jharkhand
Urban Livelihood
National Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM)
Social Mobilization and Institution Development (SM&ID)
Employment through Skills Training and Placement (EST&P)
Self-Employment Programme (SEP)
Support to Urban Street Vendors (SUSV)
Scheme of Shelters for Urban Homeless (SUH)
Mukhyamantri Shramik Yojna (MSY)
PM SVANidhi
Status of Sanitation and Water Supply in Urban Jharkhand
Swachh Bharat Mission Urban 2.0
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)
Namami Gange Programme
Urban Housing
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna- Urban
Urban Transport
Urban Healthcare System
Ayushman Bharat
National Urban Health Mission (NULM)
Atal Clinic
Urban Beautification and Rejuvenation
Ranchi Smart City (Smart Cities Mission)
Status of Municipal Finances
Conclusion
iv
CHAPTER 6: AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES 149-186
Introduction
Land Resources
The pattern of Land Utilization
Landholding Pattern in Jharkhand
Operational landholding
Area, Production, and Yield of Kharif Crops in Jharkhand
Area
Production
Yield
Area, Production, and yield of Rabi crops
Area
Production
Yield
Cropping Intensity
Agricultural Inputs
Irrigation
Micro irrigation in Jharkhand
Gross Irrigated Area
Fertilizers
Consumption of compost fertilizer
Agriculture Finance
Agricultural Credit
Storage Capacity
Horticulture
Vegetables
Fruits
Livestock and Poultry
Dairy Development
Dairy Development Infrastructure
Impact of Dairy Development programmes
Progress in Milk Production
Wool
Fisheries
Fish production in Jharkhand
Species -Wise fish production in Jharkhand in 2020-21
Fisherpersons’ Population and their Classification
Agriculture and Climate Change
Government Initiatives
Seed Exchange and Distribution Program
Jharkhand Krishi Rin Maafi-Yojana
v
Soil Health Card Scheme
National Agriculture Market (e NAM)
Sub Mission of Agriculture Extension (SMAE)/ATMA Program
National Food Security Mission (NFSM)
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)
Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India (BGREI)
Birsa Fasal Vistar Yojna
Samekit Birsa Gram-sah Krishak Pathshala
Major schemes being implemented by cooperative division
Conclusion
CHAPTER 7: FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY 187-220

Introduction
Production and Procurement/Purchase of Foodgrains
Production and Procurement of Rice and Production of Wheat
Procurement of Paddy by different Agencies
Paddy Procurement and Benefits to the Number of Farmers
Stocking of Foodgrains and Storage Management
Coverage of Food and Nutrition Security Schemes in the State
Public Distribution System (PDS): Infrastructure, Accountability and Transparency
Public Distribution System (PDS): Foodgrains and other Articles, Allocation vs. Distribution
Current Status as well as Progress of the New/Ongoing Schemes/Programmes
Chief Minister Subsidy for Purchase of Petrol for Riding Two-wheelers Scheme (CMSUPPORTS)
Pulse Distribution Scheme
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana
Jharkhand State Food Security Scheme (JSFSS)
National Food Security Act- 2013
PVTG Dakiya Scheme
Rice Fortification Scheme
Annapurna Yojana
Distribution of Sugar to AAY
Distribution of Salt
Distribution of Kerosene Oil Scheme
Mukhyamantri Dal-Bhat Yojana
Jharkhand State Contingent Foodgrains Fund
Sona-Sobran Dhoti-Saree Distribution Scheme
Providing Digital Weighing Machine to PDS Dealers
Improved Service Delivery
System Strengthening and initiatives for better monitoring of Schemes
Godown Construction/Renovation
Consumer Welfare Fund Scheme
vi
National Food Security Complaint Redressal
Budget Provisions and Utilisation of funds of Different Schemes
Nutrition Security in Jharkhand: Interventions and Improvement in Indicators
SAAMAR (Strategic Action for Alleviation of Malnutrition and Anemia Reduction)
POSHAN (Partnerships and Opportunities to Strengthen and Harmonize Actions for Nutrition) Abhiyaan
PM POSHAN
Scheme for Adolescent Girls (SAG)
Village Health Nutrition Day (VHND)
Eat Right India Campaign
Anganwadi Services
Malnutrition, Undernutrition and the Burden of Diet related non-communicable Diseases in Jharkhand
Undernutrition/Malnutrition among Children (of age less than five years) and Women (15-49 years)
Prevalence of Diet/Life-Style related Diseases among Children, Women and Men of Jharkhand
Trend in Infant and Child and Maternal Mortality Rates
Conclusion
CHAPTER 8: INDUSTRY 221-250

Abstract
Introduction
Industrial Progress Industry Indicators
Structural ratios
MSME sector
Distribution of Proprietary MSMEs by Women in Jharkhand
SFURTI
The key objectives of the SFURTI are mentioned below
Prime Minister Employment Guarantee Programme (PMEGP)
Sericulture, Handloom and Handicraft Sector
CSR activities in Jharkhand
Committees related to JCSRA
CSR SECRETARIAT
Activities that have been identified under the CSR are as follows (it is also listed in Schedule VII of the
Companies Act (as amended on February 27, 2014). It has identified 10 broad areas for CSR programs
mentioned below
Jharkhand Industrial and Investment Promotion Policy 2021-22
Objectives of the Policy
Strategy
Jharkhand Industrial Policy 2001
Jharkhand Food Processing Policy 2015
Jharkhand Export Policy 2015
Jharkhand Industrial and Investment Promotion Policy 2016
Progress of Jharkhand Industrial Park Policy 2016
vii
Progress of investments in the food sector
Status update of the Mega Food Park
Progress of Jharkhand Export Policy 2015
Mining
Conclusion
CHAPTER 9: INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATION 251-292

Introduction
IT Based Infrastructure and Communication
National E-Governance Plan
State Data Centre
State Wide Area Network (SWAN)
Common Service Centres
CSC Projects in Jharkhand
National Optical Fibre Network (NOFN)
Wifi Hotspot
Wi-Fi Hotspot in the Left-Wing Extremist (LWE) affected Areas
Electronic Manufacturing Cluster Scheme
Energy
State Energy Efficiency Index 2020
Jharkhand scored 17 out of 100 in SEEI 2020
Utilities and Nodal Agencies
Jharkhand Bijli Vitran Nigam Limited (JBVNL)
Initiatives to be taken under Jharkhand Bijli Vitran Nigam Limited during the financial year 2021-22
Jharkhand Renewable Energy Development Agency (JREDA)
The Status with regards to the consumption of Power
The Status with regards to Demand and Supply of Electricity
T&D Loss and AT & C Loss
Non Renewable Energy
Ultra Mega Power Projects
Deen Dayal Updhayay Gram Jyoti Yojna (DDUGJY)
Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)
Saubhagya Scheme
Atal Gram Jyoti Yojana (AGJY)
Jharkhand Sampoorn Bijli Achadan Yojana (JSBAY)
Renewable Energy
Suryamitras
Varunmitras
GEF-MNRE-UNIDO Project
Solar Park Scheme
Grid Connected Rooftop and Small Solar Power Plants Programme: Phase II
viii
Grid Connected Rooftop and Small Solar Power Plants Programme: Phase I
Offgrid and Decentralised Solar PV Applications Programme
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Sauraksha Evam Utthan Mahabhiyan (PM KUSUM) Scheme
Small Hydro Power Project
New National Biogas and Organic Manure Programme(NNBOMP)
National e Mobility Programme
Street Lighting National Programme
Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojna (UDAY)
Transportation
Roadways
Road Density
Revenue Collection by Road Transportation
Registration of Vehicles
Railways
Oxygen Express Trains
Time Tabled Parcel Express Trains
Dedicated Freight Corridor
Status of Existing Railway Projects
Pirpainti-Jasidih (excluding Godda Hansdiha) Rail Lin
Ranchi- Koderma Rail Line
Shivpur-Kathotia Line
Civil Aviation
Conclusion
CHAPTER 10: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT 293-326

Labour Force Participation Rate - Usual status (Principal Status and Subsidiary Status)
The LFPR in Jharkhand and India
Worker- Population-ratio
The WPR in Jharkhand and India
Workers by Broad Status of Employment
Occupational Distribution of workers
Social Security Benefits
Unemployment rate in Jharkhand
The Unemployment in Jharkhand and India
Unemployment among the Educated
Unemployment across different Decile classes of Usual Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure
(UMPCE)
Unemployment rate in Urban Jharkhand by Current Weekly Status
Seasonal Variation in Urban Unemployment Rate by Current Weekly Status
Government Initiatives for Employment Generation and Workers’ Welfare
Employed Generation
ix
PM SWANidhi
Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)
Prime Minister Kaushal Vikash Yojna (PMKVY)
Directorate of Employment Training
Career Counselling and Vocational Guidance
Industrial Training Institutes (ITI)
E-Shram Portal
Mukhya Mantri Shramik (Shahri Rozgar Manjuri for Kamgar) Yojna
Social Security Benefits to the Workers of the Unorganised Sector
Social Security Provided to the Building and Other Construction Workers
Registration of the workers in Building and Other Construction Workers Welfare Board
Sharamik Mitra
Conclusion
CHAPTER 11: EDUCATION 327-362

Status of Literacy Rate in Jharkhand
School Enrolment in Jharkhand
Gender Parity in School Enrolment in Jharkhand
School Enrolment of Students with Special Needs in Jharkhand
Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) and Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) in Jharkhand
GER among the Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Scheduled Castes (SCs)
Promotion, Dropouts,Repetition and Transition Rates
Educational Infrastructure in Jharkhand
Number of Schools
Types of Schools and Number of Students per School
Number of Teachers per School
School-Mergers in Jharkhand
School Facilities in Jharkhand
Student-Classroom Ratio
Condition of Classrooms
Other Basic School Facilities
Availability of Teachers and Pupil-Teacher-Ratio
Higher Education in Jharkhand
Enrolment in Higher Education in Jharkhand
Gender Parity Index in Higher Education
Pupil-Teacher Ratio in Higher Education
Number of Colleges and Average Enrolment per College
Hostel Facilities for Students Pursuing Higher Education
State Action Plans to Enhance Higher Education
Vocation and Technical Education
Skill Development Training Programmes
x
Saksham Jharkhand Kaushal Vikas Yojana (SJKVY)
Employability Excellence with College Education & Learning (EXCEL)
DeenDayal Upadhyay Kaushal Kendra (Mega Skill Centre)
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
Conclusion
CHAPTER 12: HEALTH AND NUTRITION 363-408

Introduction
Progress of SDG-3 in Jharkhand vs India
Health status of Jharkhand
Child Health
Mortality Indicators- Jharkhand vs India
Nutritional indicators- Jharkhand vs India
District level achievements of nutritional indicators in Jharkhand
Anaemia Indicators- Jharkhand vs India
Immunization indicators- Jharkhand vs India
District level estimates of Immunization in Jharkhand
Childhood disease- Jharkhand vs India
Breastfeeding Practices- Jharkhand vs India
Maternal Health
Mortality indicators- Jharkhand vs India
Natal Care- Jharkhand vs India
Institutional deliveries- Jharkhand vs India
Institutional delivery under Janani Suraksha Yojana
Institutional Deliveries by the Type of Hospital
Nutritional status of women- Jharkhand vs India
Anemia indicators -Jharkhand vs India
Mens Health
Nutritional status of adult male -Jharkhand vs India
Anemia Indicators -Jharkhand vs India
Health seeking Pattern in Jharkhand
Inpatient Care
Outpatient care
Disease Burden
COVID-19 Vaccination
Health manpower and infrastructure
Health Infrastructure
Mental Health
Major Health related Schemes in Jharkhand
xi
Janani Suraksha Yojana
Jannani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram
Mukhya Mantri Jannani Swasth Suraksha
National Leprosy Eradication Programme
Mamta Vahan Scheme
National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB)
National Aids Control Organisation (NACO)
Health Insurance Scheme
Health Expenditure
Conclusion
CHAPTER 13: DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION 409-434

The Present Status of Drinking Water and Sanitation Facilities in Jharkhand
Progress in Access to Improved Drinking Water and Sanitation Facility
Present Status of Drinking Water in Jharkhand
Har Ghar Jal Status - Certified Villages
Coverage of Tap Water Connections in Schools
District Level Coverage of Tap Water Supply in Schools
Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance in Jharkhand
Water Quality Profile
Sanitation
Swachh Bharat Mission – Gramin
Phase -1
Phase 2 of the Swachh Bharat Mission –Gramin: ODF Plus
Objectives of the Swachh Bharat Mission –Phase 2
ODF Plus Aspiring Villages For any village of district to fall in this category, certain criteria need to be
satisfied
ODF Plus Rising Villages - The criteria under “Rising” category are as follows
Waste Management in Jharkhand
Solid Waste Management
Liquid Waste Management
Improvement in the key indicators showing the status of Sanitation in the rural areas of Jharkhand in the
three editions of the National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey (NARSS)
Swachh Bharat Mission –Urban
Implementation strategy of SBM-U 2.0
Conclusion
CHAPTER 14: WOMEN AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL SECURITY 435-464
The Status of Women and Children in Jharkhand
Child Health
Women
Government Initiatives for Development and Protection of Women and Children
xii
Central Schemes for Women and Child Development
The Women Helpline Scheme
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme
One Stop Centres (OSCs)
State Sponsored Schemes for Development of Women, Children and Under-Privileged Sections of the
Society
Capacity Building under Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao includes the following activities:
One Stop Centre
State Sponsored Schemes for Development of Women, Children and Under-Privileged Sections of the
Society
State Sponsored Schemes For Child Welfare
State Nutrition Mission
Strengthening of Anganwadi Centres (AWW)
Juvenile Justice Fund
State Sponsored Schemes For Women’s Welfare
Mukhyamantri Kanyadan Yojana
Samajik Kuriti Niwaran Yojana (Scheme for Eradication of bad Practices and encouragement to good
practices)
World Bank Assisted Tejaswini (EAP)
Mukhyamantri Sukanya Yojana
Welfare Schemes For The Differently Abled Sections Of The Population
Construction & Renovation Schemes
Establishment of class 3 and 4 under ICDS
Construction of schools/ Rehabilitation centre’s/ Hostels/ Homes etc
Renovation & supply of material to schools/ rehabilitation centre / Hostels/ Homes etc.
Institutional Schemes
Swami Vivekananda Nisshakta Svavalamban Protsahan Yojana
Mukhyamantri State Social Security Old Age Pension Scheme
Mukhyamantri State Pension Scheme for Primitive Tribal Group/Mukhya Mantri Rajya Aadim Jan Jati
Pension Yojana
Mukhyamantri Rajya Mahila Nirasrit Samman Pension Yojna/ Rajya Vidhwa Samman Pension Yojana
Mukhyamantri Rajya Pension scheme for HIV/AIDS Affected persons
Blanket and Cloth Distribution Scheme
Operation of Halfway Homes
Scheme for Supply of Uniform to AWC Going Children
Revolving fund for centrally Sponsored Social Security Pension Scheme
Scheme for Salary of ICDS Staff
Establishment of Anganwadi Services
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
Supplementary Nutrition Programme
Immunization and Medicine Kits
xiii
Pre-School Education (PSE)
Referral Services
Uniform to the AWWs
Training Programme (STRAP)
Integrated Child Protection Services
Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)
The main objectives of the Pradhan Mantri Matritva Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) are the following
Swadhar Greh Scheme (A Scheme for Women in Difficult Circumstances)
Ujjawala Scheme
National Creche Scheme
Mahila Shakti Kendras
Construction of Working Women’s Hostels
POSHAN Abhiyan
Growth Monitoring
Gender-sensitive water Management
Test Treat and Talk (T3) Camps
Domonstration Tradional Food
Interpersonal communication (IPC) with mothers
Other Social mobilization activities
Centre- State Sponsored Schemes for Social Security
Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) – (60-79 Years)
Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) – (Above 80 Years)
Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS)
National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS)
Conclusion
CHAPTER 15: TRIBAL WELFARE AND INTERVENTIONS FOR THE UNDERPRIVILEGED 465-486
Introduction
The Social Composition of Jharkhand
Scheduled Tribes
Geographical Concentration of Tribal Population in Jharkhand
Scheduled Areas of Jharkhand
Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups
SC and Minority Community
Other forms of Social Exclusion
Sources of Income, Livelihood and Assets among the SC and ST Population
Welfare Initiatives taken by the government of Jharkhand
Education
Pre-Matric Scholarship and Post-Matric Scholarship
Merit cum Means Scholarship for Professional and Technical Courses
xiv
Reimbursement of Examination Fee
Marang Gomke Jaipal Singh Munda Overseas Scholarship Scheme
Top Class Scholarship
National Fellowship Scheme
Cycle Distribution Scheme
Eklavya Model Residential Schools
Higher Education
Health
Health Facilities
Medical Aid
Pahariya Health Scheme
Kalyan Hospitals in Jharkhand
ST Welfare Grants
Safe and Adequate Drinking Water Facility
Housing
Birsa Awas Yojana
Shaheed Gram Vikas Yojana
Skill Development
Kaushal Colleges
The pilgrimage of Haj and the Minority Community
Initiatives in the domain of sports
Conclusion
CHAPTER 16: NATURAL RESOURCES : FOREST, WATER AND MINERAL RESOURCES 487-514
Introduction
A. Forest Resources
Forest and Tree Cover
Forest Cover Change Matrix for Jharkhand
District-Wise Forest Cover
Forest Cover in the Tribal Districts
An Analysis of Fire Prone Forests in Jharkhand
People and Forest
Sustainable Forestry: Reforestation and Afforestation
Mukhyamantri Jan Van Yojana
Nadi Mahotsav and Vrihat Vrikchharopan Abhiyan
The Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA)
Activities of Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA)
B. Mineral Resources
Total Mineral/Ore Resources in Jharkhand
C. Water Resources
Status of Groundwater in Jharkhand
xv
District Wise Availability and Utilization of Ground water in Jharkhand
Fuctuations in the Ground Water
D. Energy Resources
Total Installed Capacity and Electricity Generation (utilities) in Jharkhand
Capacity Creation and production of Renewable Energy in Jharkhand
Conclusion
CHAPTER 17: TOURISM, ARTS, CULTURE, SPORTS AND YOUTH AFFAIRS 515-534
Tracing the Growth Trajectory of the Tourism Industry in the State
Seasonal Analysis of Tourist Inflow in Jharkhand
Ranks of various States/UTs in terms of Domestic and International tourists visits during 2020-21
Jharkhand Tourism Policy 2021
Strategies to Implement Jharkhand Tourism Policy 2021
Tourism Policy and Land
Tourism and Road Transport
Tourism and Air Connectivity
Tourism and Rail Transport
Tourism and Power
Tourism and Private Sector Participation
Tourism and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Art & Culture
Tribal Festivals of Jharkhand
Karam/Karma Festival
Sarhul Festival
TusuParab or Makar
Rohini
BhagtaParab
Sohrai
Bandna
Ind Mela
Indigenous Painting Forms of Jharkhand
Paitkar Paintings
Jadopatia paintings
Sohrai art
Santhali Mural Paintings
Dhokra Art
Handicrafts of Jharkhand
Dance Forms of Jharkhand
Chhau Dance
Paika Dance
Khadia Dance
xvi
Kadsa Dance
Nagpuri Dance
Birhor Dance
Manbhum Chau
Mundari Dance
Santhali Dance
Hunta
Karam (Karma)
Barao
Jhenana Jhumur
Mardani Jhumur
Jhitkaand Danga
Lahasuya
Domkach
Ghora Naach
Government Initiative to Promote Arts and Culture in the State
Sports and Youth affairs
Jharkhand Sports Policy, 2022
Objectives of Jharkhand Sports Policy-2022
Conclusion
STATISTICAL APPENDICES i-lii

xvii
List of Tables, Figures, Boxes, Maps and Appendices

List of Tables
CHAPTER 1: MACRO ECONOMIC OVERVIEW

Table 1.1 : GSDP Per-Capita Income and their Growth-Rates at Current and Constant Prices
Table 1.2 : GSDP of Jharkhand in comparison with the GDP and the Per Capita Income (PCI) of India
Table 1.3 : The Ranking of the States in terms of their Per Capita Income (PCI) at Current Prices
Table 1.4 : Growth-Rate in Gross Value Added by Economic Activities at Constant (2011-12) prices
Table 1.5 : Sectoral Share in the Gross Value Added (GSVA) at Constant Prices.
Table 1.6 : Value of the Output of ‘Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing’ Sector and its Constituents (Rs. in
Crores)
Table 1.7 : Value of Output of the Industrial Sector at Constant Prices (Rs. in Crores)
Table 1.8 : Value of Output of the Tertiary Sector and its Sub-Sectors at Constant Prices (Rs in Crores)
Table 1.9 : Rate of Inflation in Jharkhand and India
Table 1.10 : Rate of Inflation in Jharkhand Commodity Group Wise
Table 1.11 : Multi-dimensional Poverty in Jharkhand
CHAPTER 2: FISCAL DEVELOPMENT AND State FINANCES

Table 2.1 : The Size of the budget over the Years
Table 2.2 : Revenue Receipts of the state in Rs. in Crores
Table 2.3 : Composition of the Revenue Receipts of the state
Table 2.4 : State’s Own Tax Revenue Receipts in Rs. in Crores
Table 2.5 : Growth in State’s Own Tax Revenue Receipts in Rs. in Crores
Table 2.6 : Cost of Collection of some of the State Taxes
Table 2.7 : The Non-Tax Revenue Receipts of the state in Rs. in Crores
Table 2.8 : State’s Own Non-Tax Revenue
Table 2.9 : The Capital Receipts of the State Government (in Rs. Crores)
Table 2.10 : Expenditure of the GoJ (in Rs. in Crores)
Table 2.11 : The Year-on-Year growth in the Actual Expenditure of the GoJ
Table 2.12 : The budget-deficit-position of Jharkhand (in absolute terms in Rs. in Crores)
Table 2.13 : Details of the Public Debt and Total Liabilities of the State Government
Table 2.14 : Debt Sustainability and Debt as a per centage of the GSDP
Table 2.15 : Year Wise Debt Position of Jharkhand (Rs. in Crores)
CHAPTER 3: INSTITUTIONAL FINANCE

Table 3.1 : Number of Bank Branches
Table 3.2 : District- Wise Per centage of Bank Branches
Table 3.3 : Villages identified as inadewuately coverd/uncovered by financial infrastructure within 5
kilometers radius in the state
Table 3.4 : India –Jharkhand Comparison with respect to the total number of ATMs
xviii
Table 3.5 : A Comparison of the White Label ATMs (WLAs) in India and Jharkhand
Table 3.6 : Annual Growth in Deposits of Banks (Amount in Crores)
Table 3.7 : Total Deposits of Scheduled Commercial Banks- India-Jharkhand Comparison (Amount in
Crores)
Table 3.8 : Total Deposits in Banks of state and their CAGR (Amount in Crores)
Table 3.9 : Annual Growth in Advances Deployed by Banks (Amount in Crores)
Table 3.10 : Total Advances allocated by Scheduled Commercial Banks-A Comparison of India and
Jharkhand (Amount in Crores)
Table 3.11 : Total Advances disbursed by different categories of Banks and their CAGR (Amount in
Crores)
Table 3.12 : Sectoral Deployment of Advances and their CAGR (Amount in Crores)
Table 3.13 : Per centage share of sectoral advances to total advances deployed
Table 3.14 : Trend in C-D Ratio of Banks in Jharkhand
Table 3.15 : The weightage that has been accorded to these districts are as given below
Table 3.16 : C-D Ratio of Banks in Aspirational Districts of Jharkhand
Table 3.17 : Recovery Rate of Advances Disbursed in Jharkhand and their Non Performing Assets
(Amount in Rs. Crores)
Table 3.18 : Recovery under the Priority Sector Lending and their NPA formation (Amount in crores)
Table 3.19 : Recovery under the Non Priority Sector Lending and their NPA formation (Amount in
crores)
Table 3.20 : The Status of NPA under different Government Sponsored Schemes
Table 3.21 : Achievement as Per centage of Target fulfilled bythe banks under the ACP
Table 3.22 : Category- Wise Status of KCC in Jharkhand amongst Banks (Amount in lakh)
Table 3.23 : Conversion of KCC into Smart KCC as on 30.09.2022
Table 3.24 : Achievement of Jharkhand under the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana
Table 3.25 : Jharkhand’s Achievement in Stand up India Loan Programme (Till 30.09.2022)
Table 3.26 : Stand up India Loan from April 1, 2016 to September 30, 2022
Table 3.27 : Achievements under the PMJDY Scheme (India-Jharkhand Comparison) as on 30.11.2022
Table 3.28 : PMJDY -Jharkhand's Achievement
Table 3.29 : PMJJBY, PMSBY and APY -Jharkhand's Achievement till (30.09.2022)
Table 3.30 : Total Number of Electronic Transactions (India - Jharkhand Comparison)
Table 3.31 : Unified Payment Interface Product Statistics
CHAPTER 4: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND PANCHAYATI RAJ

Table 4.1 : Year-Wise Approved Labour Budget, Availability and Utilization of Funds (as on January
29, 2023)
Table 4.2 : District-Wise Outlays vs. Outcomes Report for the Financial Year 2022-2023 (as on January
29, 2023)
Table 4.3 : Present Status of various Social Assistance Schemes in Jharkhand (as on January 26, 2023)
Table 4.4 : Physical and Financial Progress under the SPMRM in Jharkhand (as on January 26, 2023)
Table 4.5 : Physical Progress (in Numbers) under SAGY in Jharkhand (as on January 27, 2023)
Table 4.6 : Credit-Linking of New SHGs
xix
Table 4.7 : Number of Mahila Kisans covered under Livestock Interventions
Table 4.8 : Achievements under Palash Brand Initiative (as on September, 2022)
Table 4.9 : Achievements under DDU-GKY
Table 4.10 : Number of Panchayati Raj Institutions in Jharkhand
Table 4.11 : Infrastructural Facilities at Different Levels of Panchayats
Table 4.12 : Range for Distribution of Funds to the three-tiers of Panchayats
Table 4.13 : Details of notified Fifth Schedule Areas /PESA Areas in Jharkhand
Table 4.14 : Compliance of State Panchayati Raj Acts with Section 4 of the PESA-1996
Table 4.15 : Achievements of Trainings and expenditure under the Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan
(RGSA)
Table 4.16 : Year-wise Achievements in Preparing and Approval of Panchayat Development Plans by the
level of Panchayats in Jharkhand
Table 4.17 : National Panchayat Awards- 2022 to Jharkhand (appraisal year 2020-21)
Table 4.18 : Progress under Panchayat Citizen Charter in Jharkhand (up to September, 2022)
Table 4.19 : Overall Progress under SWAMITVA in Jharkhand
CHAPTER 5: URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Table 5.1 : Socio-Economic Profile of Urban Jharkhand
Table 5.2 : Achievement under Social Mobilization and Institutional Development (SM&ID)
Table 5.3 : Achievement under Employment through Skill Training and Placements (EST& P)
Table 5.4 : Achievement under Financial Inslusion & Self Employment Programme (SEP)
Table 5.5 : Achievement under Support to Urban Street Vendors (SUSV)
Table 5.6 : Shelter for Urban Homeless (SUH) Programme 2022-23 (Up to 31st August 22)
Table 5.7 : Progress of Mukhyamantri SHRAMIK Yojana in Jharkhand
Table 5.8 : Progress of Mukhyamantri SHRAMIK Yojana (ULB-wise status as on November 03, 2022)
Table 5.9 : Details of PM SVANidhi in Jharkhand (As on 12th July, 2022)
Table 5.10 : Availability of Piped water and Toilet in Urban Areas of Jharkhand
Table 5.11 : Financial and Physical Progress under the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) in Jharkhand
Table 5.12 : Allocation and Expenditure under AMRUT
Table 5.13 : Achievements under Water Supply Schemes (Till 9th Febuary, 2023) (In Rs. Crore)
Table 5.14 : Achievements under Sewerage & Septage Management schemes (Till 9th Febuary, 2023) (In
Rs. Crore)
Table 5.15 : Amounts released/expended by National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) to various
agencies of Jharkhand (As on July 2022)
Table 5.16 : Physical and Financial Progress of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban (PMAY-U) in
Jharkhand (as on 23.01.2023)
Table 5.17 : City-wise Physical and Financial Progress of the PMAY-U in Jharkhand (As on 23.01.2023)
Table 5.18 : Details of Number of Houses Completed and Central Assistance Released during each of the
Last Three Years (FY 2019-2022) under PMAY-U in Jharkhand
Table 5.19 : Achievements in Jharkhand under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna – Housing for all (till
August 2022)
Table 5.20 : Expenditure on Urban Development and Housing in Jharkhand (Rs. In Lakh)
xx
Table 5.21 : Status of Road Infrastructure in Cities and Towns (up to August 2022)
Table 5.22 : Road Infrastructure in Cities and Towns created in 2021-22 and 2022-23 (Up to August
2022)
Table 5.23 : District-wise Approved Staff Positions under NUHM in Jharkhand as per Rop 2022-24
Table 5.24 : Status Report of Atal Mohalla Clinic, Jharkhand (As on September, 2022)
Table 5.25 : Achievements under Parks scheme (till 9th Febuary, 2023) (In Rs. Crore)
Table 5.26 : Achievements under Beautification and Rejuvenation of Water Bodies
Table 5.27 : Physical Progress of all Projects under Ranchi Smart city (As on 31st January 2022)
Table 5.28 : Revenue Receipts, Revenue Expenditure and Capital Outlay of Municipal Corporations of
Jharkhand (In Rs Lakhs)
Table 5.29 : Administrative Expenses and Operational and Maintenance Expenditure of Municipal
Corporations of Jharkhand (In Rs Lakhs)
CHAPTER 6: AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES

Table 6.1 : Land Utilization Pattern (2018-19 to 2019-20) (Area in hectares)
Table 6.2 : Distribution of Landholding in Jharkhand (2010-11 and 2015-16)
Table 6.3 : Average Size of Operated Area in Jharkhand and India (2010-11 and 2015-16)
Table 6.4 : Year-Wise depiction of the production of Rabi Crop (in ‘000 tonnes)
Table 6.5 : Crop-Wise irrigated Area in 2020-21 (in hectares)
Table 6.6 : Year-Wise Consumption of fertilizer (in tonnes) during the Kharif Season
Table 6.7 : Year-Wise Consumption of fertilizer (in tonnes) during the Rabi Season
Table 6.8 : Year-Wise Consumption of Compost Fertilizer (in MT) in Jharkhand
Table 6.9 : Agricultural Credit - Bank Category-Wise Status of KCC in Jharkhand (Number in Actual
and Amount in Lakhs)
Table 6.10 : Annual Credit Plan Achievement under Agriculture, Jharkhand 2022-23 Jharkhand (Number
in Actual and Amount in Lakhs)
Table 6.11 : Cold storage capacity as on 31.12.2020
Table 6.12 : Storage Capacity for Food-Grains and Utilization under the FCI (as on March, 31) (In lakhs
MT)
Table 6.13 : Area Production of different types of Vegetables (Area in ‘000 Hectares & Production in
‘000 Tonnes)
Table 6.14 : Year-Wise Area and Production of different types of fruits (Area in ‘000 Hectares &
Production in ‘000 MT)
Table 6.15 : Total Livestock and Poultry
Table 6.16 : Total Livestock and Poultry and change between 2012 and 2019
Table 6.17 : Year-Wise production of Livestock Products (eggs and meat)
Table 6.18 : Present Status of Milk Production in comparison to National Scenario
Table 6.19 : Progress of Seed Distribution Programme during 2022-23
Table 6.20 : Progress of Jharkhand Krishi Rin Maafi Yojana (financial) during 2021 – 22 and 2022-23
(Amount in Crores)
Table 6.21 : Model Village Status of Soil Health Card Scheme (2019-20)
Table 6.22 : District wise e-NAM trade Summary
xxi
CHAPTER 7: FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY
Table 7.1 : The KMS Year-Wise Procurement of Paddy in Jharkhand (in LMT)
Table 7.2 : Storage Capacity and Stock held (quantity in MT) with Utilisation (in per cent) as of
November, 2022
Table 7.3 : Total Number of Ration Cardholders under different categories (as of 06.10.2022)
Table 7.4 : District-Wise details of Ration Cardholders in Jharkhand (as of 06.10.2022)
Table 7.5 : District-Wise details of Number of Dealers in Jharkhand
Table 7.6 : Details of Fair Price Shops in Jharkhand (NFSA)
Table 7.7 : District-wise detail of UID and Mobile Number seeded Ration Cardholders (NFSA+Green)
as on December 20, 2022
Table 7.8 : Allocation and Distribution of Foodgrains (Rice+Wheat) through the PDS in Jharkhand
(Three Months Total)
Table 7.9 : District-Wise Allocation and Distribution of Fortified Rice (in Kg.) as on December 29,
2022
Table 7.10 A: District-Wise Distribution of Dhoti, Saree and Lungi in the first phase (March, 2021)
Table 7.10 B: District-Wise Distribution of Dhoti, Saree and Lungi in the second phase (September, 2021)
Table 7.11 : Scheme-wise Allotment and Utilisation of Funds of Various Schemes of the Department of
Food, Public Distribution and Consumer Affairs, Government of Jharkhand (Amount in Rs.
Crores)
Table 7.12 : Event-wise Number of Activities Organized under the POSHAN Abhiyaan in Jharkhand
Table 7.13 : Year-wise Allocation and Releases of the Central share under MDMs to Jharkhand as on
September 23, 2021 (Figure Rs in lakh)
Table 7.14 : Year-Wise Coverage of Children against Enrolment in MDMs
Table 7.15 : Progress of SAG in Jharkhand
Table 7.16 : Current Status of Anganwadi in Jharkhand
Table 7.17 : Trend in Infant and Child Mortality Rates (per 1,000 live births)
CHAPTER 8: INDUSTRY
Table 8.1 : Selected Indicators for industries in Jharkhand (Values in lakhs and others in numbers)
Table 8.2 : Comparison of level of industrialization with other States (Amount in lakhs)
Table 8.3 : Structural Ratios of Industries in India and Jharkhand (2015-16 to 2019-20)
Table 8.4 : FDI inflows in the State
Table 8.5 : Classification criteria for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Table 8.6 : Details of MSMEs registered in Jharkhand 2019-20, 2020-21, 2021-22 and 2022-23 (Up to
August, 2022)
Table 8.7 : State-Wise Medium & Small-Scale Industries - Total Employment
Table 8.8 : Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries (SFURTI), Detailed Project
Report (DPR) (As on July 12, 2022)
Table 8.9 : Achievement under PMEGP
Table 8.10 : Progress of KVIC, KVIB and DIC
Table 8.11 : Achievement of Sericulture Sector in 2020-21
Table 8.12 : Achievement of Handloom and Handicraft Sector in 2020-21
xxii
Table 8.13 : The composition of the Authority shall be as under
Table 8.14 : Incentive disbursed under different Sector-Wise Policy/Industrial Policies for Industrial
Development of the State in the Years 2020-21 and 2022-22
Table 8.15 : Progress of Jharkhand Feed Processing Industry Policy 2015
Table 8.16 : Progress of Jharkhand Food Processing Industry Policy 2015
Table 8.17 : Industry-Wise approved Proposals and Commissioned Projects [2021-22 and 2022-23 (Up to
August, 2022)]
Table 8.18 : Production report of Major minerals (in Million Tonnes)
Table 8.19 : Production Report of Minor Mineral (in Lakh Tonnes)
Table 8.20 : Production and Royalty Collection from Minerals
Table 8.21 : District-wise Royalty Collection (in Crores)
Table 8.22 : No. of Permits issued District-Wise
Table 8.23 : District-wise Online Status of Major and Minor Mines in the state in 2022-23
CHAPTER 9: INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATION

Table 9.1 : Jharkhand Specific Information
Table 9.2 : Bandwidth at Hierarchical Levels
Table 9.3 : Number of CSCs in Jharkhand
Table 9.4 : Payment Success under PM Kisan in Jharkhand for 2022-2023
Table 9.5 : Status of PMGDISHA in Jharkhand
Table 9.6 : Status of JharSeva
Table 9.7 : Status of Digi Pay Service in Jharkhand
Table 9.8 : Status of Insurance Service under CSCs Project in Jharkhand
Table 9.9 : Status of BharatNet Phase-I
Table 9.10 : Status of BharatNet Phase II
Table 9.11 : City Wi-Fi HOTSPOT Installation Details
Table 9.12 : LWE Wi-Fi HOTSPOT Installation Details
Table 9.13 : SECI (State Energy and Climate Index) Round I scorecard for Jharkhand
Table 9.14 : Parameter Wise and Indicator Wise Score of Jharkhand
Table 9.15 : Key Strengths and Improvement Areas
Table 9.16 : Achievements of Jharkhand Renewable Energy Development Programme (JREDA)
Table 9.17 : Sector wise power consumption in the years 2021-22 and 2022-23 (Up to August 2022)
Table 9.18 : Power Statistics for Jharkhand (in MU)
Table 9.19 : Peak Power Demand and Supply (MW)
Table 9.20 : Month wise power supply position in Jharkhand in the financial years 2021-22 and 2022-23
(Up to August 2022)
Table 9.21 : Installed Capacity (MW) of power utilities in Jharkhand including allocated shares in Joint
and Central Sectors (as on March 31, 2022)
Table 9.22 : Year wise AT&C Loss and Transmission and Distribution Loss
Table 9.23 : Installed Capacity of Coal Washeries in Jharkhand (As in 31.03.2021)
Table 9.24 : Progress of DDUGJY Scheme in the 12th Plan (Till 31.08.2022)
Table 9.25 : Progress of DDUGJY New (including Additional Infrastructure)
xxiii
Table 9.26 : Electrification of villages and free electricity connection to BPL households sanctioned
under the Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)
Table 9.27 : Progress of SAUBHAGYA Scheme in Jharkhand
Table 9.28 : Progress of AGJY Scheme
Table 9.29 : Progress of JSBAY Scheme
Table 9.30 : Source-Wise estimated Potential of Renewable Power in Jharkhand
Table 9.31 : Status of Grid connected Solar Projects
Table 9.32 : Installation of Off grid/ Decentralized Renewable Energy Systems
Table 9.33 : Funds released in FY 2021-22 under Phase I & II of the Rooftop Solar Programme (upto
31.12.2021)
Table 9.34 : Progress of number of Suryamitras trained in Jharkhand
Table 9.35 : Waste Generation, Bio CNG Potential and Energy Potential Estimate of Selected Sectors (as
in December 2022)
Table 9.36 : List of Parks in Jharkhand as on 31.12.2021
Table 9.37 : DISCOMs in Jharkhand responsible to contribute to the target under Phase II
Table 9.38 : Overall installed capacity (with or without CFA) as on 31.12.2021
Table 9.39 : Status of Off grid and Decentralised Solar PV Applications Programme in Jharkhand (till
31/12/2021)
Table 9.40 : Implementation of PM KUSUM Scheme in Jharkhand
Table 9.41 : Achievement for family type/ small biogas plants from 1981-82 to 2020-2021 under the
National Biogas Programme
Table 9.42 : Status of National E-Mobility Scheme
Table 9.43 : Road Length in Jharkhand under various categories Status up to August,2022
Table 9.44 : Road in the State
Table 9.45 : Road Length under various Categories
Table 9.46 : Status of Road Density
Table 9.47 : Road Density of road under SH, MDR & other RCD Roads
Table 9.48 : District wise Road Network
Table 9.49 : Road transferred to RCD for development and increase of density
Table 9.50 : Updated Progress of Roads of RCD by different implementing Agencies
Table 9.51 : List of works under SHAJ
Table 9.52 : Status of Revenue Collection by Road Transportation (In Lakhs)
Table 9.53 : Number of Registered Vehicles
Table 9.54 : Progress of railways from 2014-2022
Table 9.55 : Important Projects Commissioned since 2014 (till March 2022)
Table 9.56 : Important Ongoing Projects and Sanctioned Works
Table 9.57 : Status of Civil Aviation in Jharkhand (2022-2023)
CHAPTER 10: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT

Table 10.1 : The Labour Force Participation Rate by Usual Status (PS+SS)
Table 10.2 : The growth in the Labour Force Participation Rate [Usual Status (PS+SS)]
Table 10.3 : Labour Force Participation Rate in Jharkhand and India according to Usual Status (PS+PS)
xxiv
During July 2020 to June 2021 (In per cent)
Table 10.4 : The Difference between LFPR of Jharkhand and India according to Usual Status (PS+PS)
During July 2020 to June 2021 (In per cent)
Table 10.5 : The Worker Population Ratio by Usual Status (PS+SS)
Table 10.6 : The growth in the WPR [Usual Status (PS+SS)]
Table 10.7 : The CAGR of LFPR and WPR between the years 2017-18 and 2020-21
Table 10.8 : Worker Population Ratio (WPR) according to the Usual Principal and the Subsidiary status
(US+SS) (In per cent)
Table 10.9 : Per centage Distribution of Workers in Usual Status (PS+SS) by broad Status in
Employment for each State/UT
Table 10.10 : Occupational Distribution of Workers (2020-21)
Table 10.11 : Occupational Distribution of Workers (2017-18)
Table 10.12 : Per centage of Regular Wage/Salaried Employees (RWS) in usual status (ps+ss) in the Non-
Agricultural Sector without Social Security Coverage
Table 10.13 : The Unemployment Rate by the Usual Status (PS+SS)
Table 10.14 : Changes in the Unemployment Rate over the years by the Usual Status (PS+SS)
Table 10.15 : Unemployment Rate (UR) according to the Usual Status (PS+SS) (In per cent)
Table 10.16 : Unemployment Rate (UR) (in %) according to the usual status (ps+ss) for persons of age 15
years and above of different general education level for Jharkhand and all India
Table 10.17 : Unemployment Rate (in %) according to usual status (PS+SS) for each decile class of
UMPCE for Jharkhan and All India
Table 10.18 : Unemployment Rate by Current Weekly Status in Urban Areas of Jharkhand
Table 10.19 : Seasonal Variation in Urban Unemployment Rate by Current Weekly Status
Table 10.20 : Employment Generated through MGNREGA in the year 2022-23 (As on 14.12.2022)
Table 10.21 : Candidates trained, assessed and placed under the DDU-GKY (cumulative till 13.12.2022)
Table 10.22 : Number of applications received and forwarded to banks under PMEGP
Table 10.23 : Candidates enrolled, trained, assessed and certified by PMKVY (up to November 22, 21)
Table 10.24 : Number of Unorganized Workers registered on the E-Shram Portal (till 06.10.2022)
Table 10.25 : Social Security Benefits to the Workers of the Unorganised Sector in the Financial Year
2022-23
Table 10.26 : Status of Registration in Building and other construction Workers Welfare Board
Table 10.27 : Benefits provided to the building and construction Workers in the Financial Year 2022-23
(till July 2022)
Table 10.28 : Functions of Shramik Mitra in Financial Year 2022-23 (Up to July 2022).
CHAPTER 11: EDUCATION

Table 11.1 : Literacy Rates in Jharkhandand India (Among age group 7 & above years), 2020-21
Table 11.2 : Enrolment in Schools (All Management)
Table 11.3 : Enrolment in Classes VIII-XII
Table 11.4 : Gender Parity Index (GPI) of GER by Level of School Education, 2019-20 to 2021-22
Table 11.5 : Gender Parity in Enrolment in Classes VIII-XII
Table 11.6 : Grade wise Enrolment of Students with Special needs
xxv
Table 11.7 : Gender Parity in Enrolment of Students with Special needs
Table 11.8 : The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) (All categories) at the different Educational Levels
Table 11.9 : The Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) (All categories) at the different Educational Levels
Table 11.10 : GER among the STs and the SCs at different Educational Levels
Table 11.11 : Dropouts, Promotion and Repetition-Rates in Jharkhand
Table 11.12 : Transition Rates (All levels of School Education)
Table 11.13 : Dropout Rates (All levels of School Education)
Table 11.14 : Number of Schools under the Department of Education, Government of Jharkhand
Table 11.15 : Number of Schools per lakh population (All Management)
Table 11.16 : Schooling Facility per lakh population (All Management)
Table 11.17 : Schools with the Number of Students (2021-22)
Table 11.18 : Types of Schools (all management)
Table 11.19 : Schools run by types of management, 2021-22
Table 11.20 : Per centage of Schools run by Types of Management, 2021-22
Table 11.21 : Per centage of Schools by Number of teachers
Table 11.22 : Number of Schools before and after Mergers
Table 11.23 : Student-Classroom Ratio in Schools (DoE Schools)
Table 11.24 : Classroom by Condition (DoE, 2021-22)
Table 11.25 : Classroom by Condition: All Management, 2021-22
Table 11.26 : Availability of Basic Facilities in the Government (DoE) Schools (in percentage)
Table 11.27 : Per centage of Schools having Laboratories in Jharkhand in DoE Schools
Table 11.28 : Number and Proportion of Teachers (DoE) (Regular + Contract + Part-time)
Table 11.29 : Number of Teachers - All Management (Regular + Contract + Part-time)
Table 11.30 : Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Higher Education (18-23 Years)
Table 11.31 : Gender Parity Index (GPI) in Higher Education (18-23 Years)
Table 11.32 : Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) in Higher Education (18-23 Years)
Table 11.33 : Number of Colleges during the last 5 years
Table 11.34 : Number of Colleges per Lakh Population during the last 5 years
Table 11.35 : Average Enrolment per College during the last 5 years
Table 11.36 : Student Out-turn/Pass-Out at various levels of Higher Education (2019-20)
Table 11.37 : Hostel Facilities for Students Pursuing Higher Education (2019-20)
Table 11.38 : Number and types of Polytechnics in the State
Table 11.39 : Number and types of Engineering Colleges in the State
CHAPTER 12: HEALTH AND NUTRITION

Table 12.1 : Performance of Jharkhand and India on indicators of SDG 3
Table 12.2 : District level estimates of Immunization (in per centage)
Table 12.3 : Delivery related indicators- Jharkhand vs India
Table 12.4 : Institutional Deliveries across districts of Jharkhand 2022-23 (upto September 2023):
Table 12.5 : Institutional Childbirth by the type of Hospital in Jharkhand
Table 12.6 : Nutritional Indicators- Jharkhand vs India
xxvi
Table 12.7 : District-wise number of inpatients visiting government hospitals during 2022-23 (Upto
September)
Table 12.8 : District-Wise number of Outpatients visiting Government Hospitals during 2022-23 (Upto
September)
Table 12.9 : Per centage share of DALYs to total Disease Burden
Table 12.10 : Indicators of NCDs- Jharkhand vs India
Table 12.11 : Prevalence of diseases in Jharkhand
Table 12.12 : District-Wise Prevalence of Malaria in Jharkhand in 2021 (Upto September)
Table 12.13 : Number of Persons Vaccinated by Number of Doses
Table 12.14 : Proportion of ‘Male, Female and Others’ vaccinated across districts in Jharkhand (in per
centage)
Table 12.15 : Employment of regular and Contractual Doctors (MO MBBS full time-State Level Cadre)
Table 12.16 : Employment of Regular and Contractual Nurses (Grade A Nurse)
Table 12.17 : Employment of Regular and Contractual ANM
Table 12.18 : Number of ASHA workers across districts in Jharkhand
Table 12.19 : District-Wise Number of Health Institutions and Number of Beds
Table 12.20 : District-Wise health facilities in Jharkhand
Table 12.21 : List of hospitals empanelled under the AB-MMJAY across the districts in Jharkhand
Table 12.22 : Health Expenditure Indicators- Jharkhand vs India
Table 12.23 : Out-of-Pocket Expenditure- Jharkhand vs India
Table 12.24 : Health expenditure in Lakhs (upto March, 2022) (New codes)
CHAPTER 13: DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION

Table 13.1 : Status of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Parameters in Jharkhand and India, 2019-
2021
Table 13.2 : Jal Jeevan Mission -Har Ghar Jal Status(Jharkhand and India) As on February 11, 2023
Table 13.3 : Top Performing Districts Certified Per centage -100 per cent
Table 13.4 : Average Performing Districts Certified Per centage - 30 per cent -80 per cent
Table 13.5 : Districts performing less than average Certified Per centage- less than 30 per cent
Table 13.6 : Status of Schools with Tap Water Supply as on February 12, 2023
Table 13.7 : Status of Schools with Tap Water Supply as on December 2022-23
Table 13.8 : Status of Drinking Water Samples Tested in Laboratories in 2022-23 (December 17, 2022)
Table 13.9 : Status of Drinking Water Samples tested using FTK in 2022-23 (As on December 17, 2022)
Table 13.10 : District Level Water Quality Profile (1)
Table 13.11 : District Level Water Quality Profile (2)
Table 13.12 : Fluoride& Nitrate contaminants in Tested Sources
Table 13.13 : Contaminant Faecal Coliform in Tested Sources
Table 13.14 : ODF Plus Village -Aspiring as on December 17, 2022
Table 13.15 : Other Achievements under SBM-G Phase 2 in Jharkhand (As on 20th Dec 2022-23)
Table 13.16 : DLIs Scores-Jharkhand and India (NARSS-1, 2 and 3)
Table 13.17 : Status of Key Indicators used to Compute DLIs Scores and the Performance of SBM-G in
NARSS-1, 2 & 3
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Table 13.18 : Status of Implementation of Various Components under SBM-U up to March, 2020
Table 13.19 : Toilet Coverage in Urban Areas of Jharkhand as on January 05, 2023
Table 13.20 : Progress in Waste Management under the Swachh Bharat Mission - Urban up to March,2020
CHAPTER 14: WOMEN AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL SECURITY

Table 14.1 : Incidence of Malnourishment among Children
Table 14.2 : The Mortality rate among the children
Table 14.3 : Immunisation of children (in per cent)
Table 14.4 : Educational and Health Status of Women
Table 14.5 : Performance of Jharkhand and India on some of the indicators of SDG 3
Table 14.6 : Progress of Vocational & Business Skills under the Tejaswini Project
Table 14.7 : Brief Description of Activities Under Sub- Components
Table 14.8 : Progress Status of Education Cell from 2021 to 2022 under the Tejaswini Project
Table 14.9 : District Wise Physical &Financial Allocation and Utilization of Rajya Vidhwa Samman
Pension Yojana
Table 14.10 : District-Wise Achievement of Anganwadi Centres (in Lakhs)
Table 14.11 : District Wise number of SNP Beneficiaries in the FY 2022-23 (Up to 30.09.2022)
Table 14.12 : District wise Number of Uniform to the AWWs and AWHs for the FY 2019-20 and 2020-21
Table 14.13 : District Wise Physical and Financial Progress of Swadhar Greh Scheme (as on
05.12.2022)
Table 14.14 : District Wise Physical and Financial Progress of Ujjawala Scheme (as on 05.12.2022)
Table 14.15 : District Wise Physical Progress of Working Women Hostel Scheme (as on 05.12.2022)
CHAPTER 15: TRIBALWELFAREAND INTERVENTIONS FOR THE UNDERPRIVILEGED

Table 15.1 : Inter-District Concentration of Scheduled Tribes in Jharkhand
Table 15.2 : Scheduled Areas and Blocks
Table 15.3 : Per centage of persons with disability in India and Jharkhand
Table 15.4 : Per centage of SC/ST Households with Salaried Jobs in Jharkhand
Table 15.5 : Assets and Income of the SCs and STs in Jharkhand
Table 15.6 : Total Number of Applications sent to the GOI for scholarships to the minorities
Table 15.7 : Number of SC, ST and OBC beneficiaries for Pre & Post-Matric Scholarship Scheme
Table 15.8 : Number of Beneficiaries under the Scheme of Examination Fee Reimbursement
Table 15.9 : Details of Top-Class Scholarship in Jharkhand
Table 15.10 : Beneficiaries of National Fellowship Scheme
Table 15.11 : Distribution under the National Fellowship Scheme and categorization of Beneficiaries
under various streams
Table 15.12 : Gender-Wise disbursement of Amount under the National Fellowship Scheme
Table 15.13 : Beneficiaries of the National Fellowship Scheme by Gender
Table 15.14 : Details of students benefited under Cycle Distribution Scheme
Table 15.15 : The status of EMRS in Jharkhand
Table 15.16 : Gross Enrolment of SC and ST Students
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Table 15.17 : Details of Maternal Healthcare among tribal Women of Jharkhand
Table 15.18 : Number of Beneficiaries under the Scheme of Medical Aid
Table 15.19 : Number of Beneficiaries of Pahariya Health Centre
Table 15.20 : Kalyan Hospitals in Jharkhand
Table 15.21 : Sector-Wise Amount Sanctioned
Table 15.22 : Sub-Sector Wise Amount Sanctioned
Table 15.23 : Number of Housing units sanctioned under the Birsa Awaas Yojana
Table 15.24 : Details of birth places of the Martyrs being developed as model villages
Table 15.25 : Progress of Training and Placement under the Kalyan Gurukuls
Table 15.26 : Description of Kaushal Colleges
Table 15.27 : No. of Beneficiaries of Kaushal Colleges (till Sept.’ 21)
Table 15.28 : No. of Haj Pilgrims
CHAPTER 16: NATURAL RESOURCES: FOREST, WATER AND MINERAL RESOURCES

Table 16.1 : An Analysis of Fire Prone Forest in Jharkhand
Table 16.2 : Non-Timber Forest Products in Jharkhand
Table 16.3 : Expenditure Summary of CAMPA Funds (all amounts are in lakhs)
Table 16.4 : Year-Wise Details of Lands Received for Compensatory Afforestation against Forest
Conservation Act (FCA) Projects (Since 2003)
Table 16.5 : Project-Wise details of Lands Received for Compensatory Afforestation against Forest
Conservation Act (FCA) (since 2003)
Table 16.6 : Division-Wise Details of Lands Received for Compensatory Afforestation against FCA
Projects in the FY 2022
Table 16.7 : Mineral/Ore Reserves in Jharkhand (As on 1st April, 2015)
Table 16.8 : Variation in the Reserves of Major Minerals/Ores between the years 2000 to 2015
Table 16.9 : Source-wise Estimated Potential of Renewable Power in MW (as on 31st March)
Table 16.10 : Source-Wise Cumulative Installed Capacity of Grid Interactive Renewable Power in MW (as
on 31st March)
Table 16.11 : Installation of Off-grid/Decentralised Renewable Energy Systems/Devices (as on 31st
March)
CHAPTER 17: TOURISM, ARTS, CULTURE, SPORTS AND YOUTH AFFAIRS

Table 17.1 : Year Wise Tourist Inflow to Jharkhand
Table 17.2 : Month Wise Tourism Statistics
Table 17.3 : District/Sub- District/Village Wise Craft Distribution in Jharkhand
Table 17.4 : Training provided from the Government Institutions of Art and Culture
Table 17.5 : Sporting Events organised in the past two years
Table 176. : Centre of Excellence, Residential Sports Training Centre’s & Day-Boarding Centre’s
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List of Figures
Figure 1.1 : GSDP at Current and Constant Prices (Rs. Crores) with their linear Growth Path
Figure 1.2 : GSDP Projection for the FY 2022-23 and Forecast for the FY 2023-24
Figure 1.3 : Growth-Rate of India and Jharkhand at Constant Prices
Figure 1.4 : Per Capita Income of the States in 2020-21
Figure 1.5 : Share of the Major Sectors in the GSVA of the State
Figure 1.6 : Share of the Constituents in the Output of ‘Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing’ sector (in %)
Figure 1.7 : Growth Rate of ‘Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing’ Sector and its Constituents
Figure 1.8 : Share of the Sub-Sectors in the Industrial Output
Figure 1.9 : Growth in the Industrial and its Sub-Sector
Figure 1.10 : Share of the Sub -Sectors in the Output of the Tertiary Sector
Figure 1.11 : Rate of Inflation in Jharkhand and India
Figure 1.12 : Rate of Inflation in Jharkhand Commodity Group Wise
Figure 2.1 : The Rate of Growth in the Size of the Budget and the Budget Size as a per centage of
Nominal GSDP over the Years
Figure 2.2 : Growth in the Revenue Receipts of the state over the years
Figure 2.3 : Revenue and total Receipts of the state as a Per centage of GSDP
Figure 2.4 : Composition of the Revenue Receipts of the state
Figure 2.5 : Composition of the Own Tax Revenue Receipts of the State
Figure 2.6 : Buoyancy of Jharkhand’s Own Taxes
Figure 2.7 : The Non-Tax Revenue Receipts of the state in ₹ Crores
Figure 2.8 : State’s Own Non-Tax Revenue
Figure 2.9 : Composition of State’s Own Non-Tax Revenue
Figure 2.10 : Grants-in-Aid from Goverment of India
Figure 2.11 : The Capital Recepits of the State Government (in Rs. Crore)
Figure 2.12 : Composition of Expenditure
Figure 2.13 : Composition of the Establishment-Expenditure
Figure 2.14 : Expenditure and Growth in the Expenditure on Schemes
Figure 2.15 : Expenditure as a per centage of Nominal GSDP
Figure 2.16 : Components of Gross Borrowing (in per centage)
Figure 3.1 : Annual Growth Rate in number of ATMs (India -Jharkhand Comparison)
Figure 3.2 : Annual Growth Rate in the number of While Label ATMs (India – Jharkhand Comparison)
Figure 3.3 : Annual Growth in Deposits of Scheduled Commercial Banks (India-Jharkhand Comparison)
Figure 3.4 : Total Deposits in Banks of Rural, Semi-Rural & Urban Areas of the State
Figure 3.5 : Annual Growth in Advances Sanctioned by the Scheduled Commercial Banks – A
Comparison of India and Jharkhand
Figure 3.6 : Per centage Disposition of Advances (As % of gross credit) to Urban, Semi-Urban & Rural
Areas of Jharkhand
Figure 3.7 : C-D Ratio (India –Jharkhand Comparison)
xxx
Figure 3.8 : C-D Ratio in different categories of Banks
Figure 3.9 : Per centage of NPA constituting Gross Credit (India –Jharkhand Comparison)
Figure 3.10 : Electronic Transactions per 1000 Population (India –Jharkhand Comparison)
Figure 3.11 : Unified Payment Interface usage across India in FY 2022
Figure 4.1 : Number of Registered and Active Workers in Jharkhand (in Lakh) as on January 13, 2023.
Figure 4.2 : District-Wise Number of Active Women and Total Workers (in Lakh)
Figure 4.3 : Status of Employment Generation under MGNREGA in Jharkhand (as on January 22, 2023)
Figure 4.4 : Year-Wise Number of Works Started and Completed with Work Completion Rate (as on
January 27, 2023)
Figure 4.5: A : Analysis of Category-Wise Works Started and Completed during the FY 2021-22
Figure 4.5 B : Analysis of Category-Wise Works Started and Completed during the FY 2022-23 (as on
January 29, 2023)
Figure 4.6 : District-wise Progress under Birsa Harit Gram Yojana (BHGY)
Figure 4.7 : District-Wise Progress under Neelambar Pitambar Jal Sammridhi Yojana (NPJSY)
Figure 4.8 : District-Wise Progress under Veer Sahid Poto Ho Khel Vikas Yojana
Figure 4.9 : Current Status and Progress of PMGSY, since its launch in Jharkhand
Figure 4.10 : District-Wise Physical and Financial Progress of PMGSY in Jharkhand
Figure 4.11 : House Construction Status under PMAY-G in Jharkhand (as on January 26, 2023)
Figure 4.12 : Average Completion Time of houses sanctioned under PMAY-G (as on January 26, 2023)
Figure 4.13 : Achievements in Forming Shelf-help and other Groups
Figure 4.14 : Achievements in Finance and Financial Inclusion
Figure 4.15 : Achievements under RSETI
Figure 4.16 : Physical Achievements under the JOHAR Project
Figure 4.17 : XVth Finance Commission Allotment and Online Payment (amount in crores) to Gram
Panchayat, Block Panchayat and Zila Panchayat for the financial year 2021-22 and 2022-23
(up to September 2022)
Figure 4.18 : Achievements during People's Plan Campaign for Financial Year 2022-23 (as on February 1,
2023)
Figure 5.1 : Incidence of Multidimensional Pverty in the Urban Areas of Jharkhand (HCR)
Figure 6.1 : Land Utilization Pattern and their Per centage for 2020-21
Figure 6.2 : Average Size of Operated Area in Jharkhand and India (2010-11 and 2015-16)
Figure 6.3 : Year-wise description of Area under the cultivation of Kharif Crops (in ‘000 hectares)
Figure 6.4 : Year-Wise Production of Paddy and Maize
Figure 6.5 : Year-Wise Production of Pulses, Oilseeds and Millets
Figure 6.6 : Year-Wise yield of Kharif Crops
Figure 6.7 : Year-Wise description of the Area of Rabi Crops (in ‘000 hectares)
Figure 6.8 : Year-Wise Production of Maize, Pulses, Oilseeds and Wheat
Figure 6.9 : Year-Wise Yield of Rabi Crops
Figure 6.10 : Year-Wise Cropping Intensity, Gross Cropped Area and Net Sown Area in Jharkhand
xxxi
Figure 6.11 : Area Covered under Micro Irrigation (as on 31.03.2021)
Figure 6.12 : Year-Wise Status of Gross Irrigated Area
Figure 6.13 : Source-Wise Gross Irrigated Area in Jharkhand (in hectares) as in 2020-21
Figure 6.14 : Year-Wise Target and Achievement of Annual Credit Plan
Figure 6.15 : Year-Wise Storage Capacity
Figure 6.16 : Year-Wise Area and Production of Vegetable
Figure 6.17 : Year-Wise Area and Production of Fruits
Figure 6.18 : Annual Milk Production (Lakh MT)
Figure 6.19 : Per Capita Milk Availability (Gram/day)
Figure 6.20 : Year-Wise Wool Production in Jharkhand
Figure 6.21 : Year-Wise Fish Production in Jharkhand (Production in lakh tonnes)
Figure 6.22 : Fisherpersons’ Population in Jharkhand and their Classification (as in 2020-21)
Figure 6.23 : Categorization of Districts Based on Vulnerability Indices
Figure 7.1 : Rice and Wheat Production, Procurement and Procurement Targets of Rice in Jharkhand (in
LMT)
Figure 7.2 : Procurement Targets and Achievement of Paddy
Figure 7.3 : Paddy Procurement and Benefits to the Number of Farmers
Figure 7.4 : Ration Cards (in range) attached to the Fair Price Shops (in numbers and per centage)
Figure 7.5 : Distribution of Rice and Wheat (in thousand tonnes) between January to December, 2022
(up to December 20, 2022)
Figure 7.6 : Month-Wise Report Card of Total Transaction and Total Distribution of Rice, Wheat, Salt,
Sugar and Kerosene oil through the PDS in Jharkhand
Figure 7.7 : District-wise total distribution of Rice, Wheat, Kerosene oil, Salt and Sugar through the PDS
in Jharkhand between January to December, 2022 (up to December 20, 2022)
Figure 7.8 : Month-wise distribution of Grievances Received between Jan to Dec 2022
Figure 7.9 : Sources of Grievances (Total Grievances Received- 2,63,370)
Figure 7.10 : Performance by Participation under POSHAN Abhiyaan in Jharkhand (as on December 30,
2022)
Figure 7.11 : Trends in Undernutrition/Malnutrition Outcomes among Children (<5years) in NFHS-3
(2005-06), NFHS-4 (2015-16) and NFHS-5 (2019-21)
Figure 7.12 : Trends in Undernutrition/Malnutrition Outcomes among Women (15-49 years) in NFHS-3
(2005-06), NFHS-4 (2015-16) and NFHS-5 (2019-21)
Figure 7.13 : Trend in Overweight/ Obesity and Non-communicable diseases among Children, Women
and Men in 2005-06, 2015-16 and 2019-21
Figure 7.14 : Trend in Maternal Mortality Rate (per 1,00,000 live birth)
Figure 8.1 : Capital Formation of Jharkhand in year 2018-19 and 2019-20

Figure 8.2 : Productivity per Factory
Figure 8.3 : Benefits Per Worker
Figure 8.4 : Total Input, Total Gross Output and Gross Value Added of Jharkhand
Figure 8.5 : Per centage share of some states in MSMEs owned by Women
xxxii
Figure 8.6 : Year-Wise Production of Cotton Khadi and Silk Khadi under the State Khadi and Village
Industries Board
Figure 8.7 : Sale of different types of khadi in the year 2020-21
Figure 9.1 : Sectorwise Power Consumption for FY 2021-2022

Figure 9.2 : Availability of Power and YoY Growth for JBVNL
Figure 9.3 : Peak Demand, Availability and Shortage
Figure 9.4 : Month wise Power Supply Position in Jharkhand for FY 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 (Upto
August)
Figure 9.5 : Sectoral Share in Waste Generation
Figure 9.6 : Sectoral Share in Energy Potential
Figure 10.1 : The Labour Force Participation Rate by Usual Status (PS+SS) Rural + Urban of all Ages
Figure 10.2 : LFPR Comparison between Jharkhand and India according to Usual Status (PS+SS)
Figure 10.3 : LFPR and WPR at Usual Status (PS+SS) of males and females of rural and urban areas over
the years
Figure 10.4 : The Comparison of the Worker Population Ratio between Jharkhand and India - Usual
Status (PS+SS
Figure 10.5 : Difference in Social Security coverage among the RSW Employees in usual Status (ps+ss) in
the Non-Agriculture Sector
Figure 10.6 : Social Security Coverage among the RSW Employees in the usual Status (ps+ss) in Non-
Agriculture Sector over the years
Figure 10.7 : Unemployment Rate among the Labourers of all Age Groups
Figure 10.8 : Unemployment Rate Comparison Between Jharkhand and India Usual Status (US+SS)
Figure 10.9 : Unemployment Rate (UR) (in %) according to the Usual Status (PS+SS) for persons of age
15 years and above of different levels of education for Jharkhand
Figure 10.10 : Unemployment Rate (UR) (in %) according to the usual status (PS+SS) for persons of age
15 years and above of different levels of education for India
Figure 10.11 : Unemployment Rate (UR) (in per cent) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each decile
class of UMPCE for Jharkhand
Figure 10.12 : Unemployment Rate (UR) (in per cent) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each decile
class of UMPCE for All India
Figure 10.13 : Trend in Urban Unemployment Rate among the Males and the Females in 15 to 29 years age
Figure 10.14 : Trend in Urban Unemployment Rate among the Males and the Females in All age group
Figure 10.15 : Trend in Urban Unemployment Rate among the Males
Figure 10.16 : Trend in Urban Unemployment Rate among the Females
Figure 10.17 : Number of people benefitted by PM SWANidhi yojana
Figure 10.18 : Division of Applicants according to the Social Category (Up to 19.12.22)
Figure 10.19 : Social Category of those registered in the Employment Exchange (Up to December 20,
2022)
Figure 10.20 : Educational Qualification of those registered in the Employment Exchange (Up to December
20, 2022)
xxxiii
Figure 11.1 : Literacy Rates in Jharkhand (among age group 7 & above years), 2020-21
Figure 11.2 : Transition Rates (2019-20 to 2021-22
Figure 11.3 : Dropout Rates (2019-20 to 2021-22)
Figure 11.4 : Composition of Schools across Types of Management, 2021-22
Figure 11.5 : Availability of Infrastructure and Facilities (%) in All Management Schools of Jharkhand
2021-22
Figure 11.6 : Proportion of Teachers - All Management (Regular + Contract + Part-time)
Figure 11.7 : Pupil-Teacher-Ratio
Figure 11.8 : Distribution of Universities in Jharkhand
Figure 11.9 : Social Group-wise Enrolment at Various Levels During the Last 5 years
Figure 11.10 : Number of Candidates Trained and Placed by the JSDMS in the State
Figure 11.11 : Total Number of Candidates Trained and Placed under the SJKVY
Figure 11.12 : Total Number of Candidates Trained and Placed under EXCEL
Figure 11.13 : Total Number of Candidates Trained and Placed under the DDUKK
Figure 11.14 : Total Number of Candidates Trained and Certified under the RPL
Figure 12.1 : Projected Population of Jharkhand

Figure 12.2 : Child Mortality Indicators- Jharkhand and India
Figure 12.3 : Child Mortality Indicators in Jharkhand- 2015-16 and 2019-21
Figure 12.4 : Nutritional Indicators- Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.5 : Nutritional Indicators in Jharkhand- 2015-16 and 2019-21
Figure 12.6 : Nutritional Indicators across districts of Jharkhand
Figure 12.7 : Children aged 6-59 months who are anaemic (<11.0 g/dl) - Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.8 : Immunization rates (6-23 months)- Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.9 : Immunization rates (9-11 months) over the years
Figure 12.10 : Immunization rates (at 5 years) over the years
Figure 12.11 : Prevalence of Diarrhoea in the 2 Weeks preceding the Survey- Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.12 : Prevalence of symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in the 2 weeks preceding the
Survey- Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.13 : Prevalence of Diarrhoea and symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in the 2 weeks
preceding the Survey in Jharkhand- 2015-16 and 2019-21
Figure 12.14 : Infants (under 6 months) under Exclusive Breastfeeding- Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.15 : Maternal Mortality Ratio- Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.16 : Mothers who had at least 4 antenatal care visits- Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.17 : Mothers who received postnatal care from a doctor/nurse/LHV/ANM/midwife/other health
personnel within 2 days of delivery- Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.18 : Mothers who received at least 4 antenatal care visits and postnatal care from a doctor/nurse/
LHV/ANM/midwife/other health personnel within 2 days of delivery in Jharkhand- 2015-
16and 2019-21
Figure 12.19 : Institutional deliveries- Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.20 : Institutional Delivery in Jharkhand across years
Figure 12.21 : Women whose Body Mass Index (BMI) is below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m2)- Jharkhand vs India
xxxiv
Figure 12.22 : Women who are overweight or obese (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2) - Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.23 : Women who have high risk waist-to-hip ratio (≥0.85)- Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.24 : Non-Pregnant Women aged 15-49 years who are anaemic (<12.0 g/dl)- Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.25 : Pregnant Women Aged 15-49 years who are Anaemic (<11.0 g/dl)- Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.26 : Men Aged 15-49 years who are anaemic (<13.0 g/dl)- Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.27 : Number of inpatients Visiting Government Hospitals across Years
Figure 12.28 : Number of outpatients Visiting Government Hospitals across Years
Figure 12.29 : Prevalence of Malaria in Jharkhand across years
Figure 12.30 : Total Number of People Vaccinated across District
Figure 13.1 : Progress in the Per centage of Households with Improved Facilities of Drinking Water and
Sanitation between the Years 2005-06 and 2020-21 in Jharkhand
Figure 13.2 : Year -Wise Progression of Jharkhand in achieving 100 per cent Open Defecation Free Status
since the launch of SBM-G
Figure 13.3 : Coverage of Per centage of SWM (Solid Waste Management) Arrangement - Village Level
Figure 13.4 : Coverage Per centage of LWM (Liquid Waste Management) across villages of Jharkhand
Figure 13.5 : Statuses of ODF, ODF+ and ODF++ of ULBs of Jharkhand (Up to January 2023)
Figure 14.1 : Participation in key activities during 4th Poshan Pakhwada 2022
Figure 14.2 : Status of Growth Monitoring of Children during 4th Poshan Pakhwada 2022
Figure 14.3 : District Wise Children identified as suffering from Severe Acute Malnutrition
Figure 14.4 : Per centage Participation in different activities during 4th Poshan Pakhwada 2022.
Figure 14.5 : Year Wise Activity and Participation in Poshan Pakhwada
Figure 14.6 : District Wise participation in activities under the 4th Poshan Pakhwada
Figure 14.7 : District Wise activities under the 4th Poshan Pakhwada
Figure 15.1 : Social Composition of the Population of Jharkhand

Figure 15.2 : The Composition of the Scheduled Tribes of Jharkhand
Figure 15.3 : The Composition of PVTGs of Jharkhand
Figure 15.4 : Gross Enrolment of SC and ST Students
Figure 16.1 : An Analysis of the Proportional Distribution of Forest Cover in Jharkhand

Figure 16.2 : An Analysis of the Distribution of Forest and Tree Cover in Jharkhand
Figure 16.3 : Forest Cover Change Matrix for Jharkhand (in square kilometers)
Figure 16.4 : Present Status of the District-Wise Distribution of Forest Cover in Jharkhand
Figure 16.5 : District-Wise Change in the Total Forest Cover between the years 2019 and 2021 (area in sq.
km.)
Figure 16.6 : An Analysis of the Distribution of Forest Cover in Tribal Districts of Jharkhand
Figure 16.7 : Number of Plants Planted under the Mukhyamantri Jan Van Yojana for the Financial Years
2020-21 and 2021-22
Figure 16.8 : Plantation under the Mukhyamantri Jan Van Yojana in the last Four Financial Years
Figure 16.9 : Number of Plants Planted in the last four years across the Forest Division of the State
xxxv
Figure 16.10 : Summary Result of Dynamic Ground Water Assessment Report 2022 and 2020 for
Jharkhand
Figure 16.11 : District-Wise Total Annual Extraction and Use Specific Extraction of Ground Water in
Jharkhand
Figure 16.12 : District-Wise Proportion of Annual Ground Extraction in Current Use in Jharkhand
Figure 16.13 : District-Wise Fluctuations in the Water Level in Jharkhand in as on January, 2022 (2012-
2021 Mean)
Figure 16.14 : Source-Wise Installed Capacity of Electricity Generation (Utilities) in GW (as on 31st
March)
Figure 17.1 : Growth in the National and International Tourist-Inflow in Jharkhand

Figure 17.2 : Month Wise Variation in the National Tourist Inflow in Jharkhand
Figure 17.3 : Month Wise Variation in the International Tourist Inflow in Jharkhand
Figure 17.4 : Rank of Different States/Uts In The Order Of Domestic Tourist Inflows During 2021
Figure 17.5 : Rank of Different States/Uts In The Order Of International Tourist Inflows During 2021
Figure 17.6 : Area- Wise Specialization in Craft/Shilp in Jharkhand
List of Boxes
Box 1.1 : The Steady Recovery
Box 3.1 : Jan Samarth Portal

Box 3.2 : National Strategy for Financial Inclusion 2019-2024
Box 4.1 : The success story of Soni Devi- a Business Correspondent Sakhi of Hazaribagh
Box 5.1 : Urban Poverty in Jharkhand

Box 5.2 : Jharkhand Ranks Second in Swachh Survekshan, 2022
Box 5.3 : “Shanivar - No car” campaign to Promote Urban Cycle Programme in Ranchi
Box 5.4 : Ranchi Wins ‘Smart Cities Leadership Award’
Box 5.5 : Ranchi Smart City to participate in Smart cities and Academia Towards Action & Research
(SAAR)
Box 6.1 : Definitions of various land use categories

Box 6.2 : Block-chain based Seed Exchange and Distribution Programme
Box: 8.1 : Jharkhand Ethanol Production Promotion Policy-2022 approved

Box: 8.2 : Jharkhand Industrial Area Development Authority (JIADA)
Box: 8.3 : Development in Make in Jharkhand initiative
Box: 8.4 : India Innovation Index, 2021
Box 11.1 : Reducing Gender Gap and Increasing Enrolment of Girls in Schools in Jharkhand
Box 11.2 : Education of Tribal Population in Mission Mode
Box 11.3 : Estalishment of Jharkhand State Opwn University (JSOU)
Box 11.4 : Cabinet Approves Establishment of Three More Private Universities in Jharkhand
xxxvi
Box 11.5 : Savitribai Phule Kishori Samriddhi Yojana (SPKSY) launched in Jharkhand
Box 11.6 : Marang Gomkejaipal Singh Munda Overseas Scholarship Scheme Expanded for Minorities,
SC, STs and OBC
Box 13.1 : Jharkhand drafted plan to supply drinking water to people of 18 towns – August 13, 2022
Box 14.1 : SAAMAR

Box 14.2 : Components of ICPS Programme
Box 14.3 : Achievements of the 4th Poshan Pakhwada, 2022
Box 15.1 : New Tribal Communities

Box 15.2 : Financial Powers to traditional Gram Pradhans for preservation of Tribal Culture
Box 15.3 : Eklavya Model Residental Schools
Box 15.4 : Pandit Raghunath Murmu Tribal University
Box 15.5 : Centre allots 61 crores for research on genetic blood disorders among tribals
Box 15.6 : 1984 tribal girls from Jharkhand employed by TATA
Box 15.7 : Union Minister Munda rolls out country’s first pearl farming scheme from Arki block
Box 16.1 : Some Important Forest Based Industries in Jharkhand

Box 16.2 : 73rd Van Mahotsava, 2022 and 5 Units of Free Electricity for Planting Trees
Box 17.1 : Important Tourist Attractions of the state

Box 17.2 : Growth in Tourist Inflow in Jharkhand
Box 17.3 : GI Tag for SohraiKhovar Painting
List of Maps
Map 6.1 : Map showing the Land Utilization Pattern of Jharkhand at the District Level
Map 6.2 : District wise Production of different vegetables
Map 6.3 : Fruits Production in Jharkhand
Map 13.1 : District-Wise Per centage of Households with Access to Safe Drinking Water in RuralAreas
of Jharkhand, 2019-2021
Map 13.2 : Progress in Tap Water Connection in households as on December 2022-23
Map 14.1 : Coverage of Tejaswani
List of Annexure
Annexure 3.1: UPI: Story of financial revolution in India
xxxvii
Acronyms and Abbreviations

AABY Aam Admi Bima Yojana
AAGR Average Annual Growth Rate
AAH Anna Amrutha Hastham
AAI Airports Authority of India
AAP Annual Action Plan
AAY Anatyodaya Anna Yojana
AY Annapurna Yojna
ABD Area Based Development
ABDEAS Accrual Based Double Entry Accounting System
AB-HWCs Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centre
AB-MMJAY Ayushman Bharat Mukhyamantri Jan Arogya Yojana
AB-PMJAY Ayushman Bharat –Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana
ACA Additional Central Assistance
ACABC Agri Clinics and Agri Business Centers Scheme
ACPHD Alameda County Public Health Department
ACP Annual Credit Plan
AD Authorized Dealer
ADB Asian Development Bank
ADI Average Daily Intake
AEEE Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy
AEPS Aadhar Enabled Payment System
AGB Above Ground Biomass
AFY Annual Financial Year
AGEGC Agriculture sector excluding growing of crops
AGY Adarsh Gram Yojana
AHP Affordable Housing in Partnership
AGAY Atal Gram Jyoti Yojana
AGYW Adolescent Girl and Young Women
AGWY Adolescent Girls And Young Women
AIADA Accelerate Irrigation Benefit Programme
AIBP Aditayapur Industrial Area Development Authority
AIBP Accelerate Irrigation Benefit Programe
AICTE All India Council for Technical Education
AID Alternative for India Development
AIF Agriculture Infrastructure Fund
xxxviii
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences
AISCET All India Society for Electronics & Computer Technology
AISHE All India Survey on Higher Education
AJJPY Aadim JanJati Pension Yojna
AJSVN Anusuchit Janjati Sahakarita Vikas Nigam
AKM Ajeevika Krishi Mitra
ALF Area Level Foundation
ALIMCO Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation of India
AMB Anemia Mukt Bharat
AMI Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure
AMRUT Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
ANBC Adjusted Net Bank Credit
ANC Antenatal care
ANCDR Annual New Case Detection Rate
ANM Auxiliary Nurse Midwifery
ANR Aided Natural Regeneration
APL Above Poverty Line
API Application Programming Interface
APMC Agricultural Produce Market Committee
APS Ajeevika Pashu Sakhi
APY Atal Pension Yojana
ARI Acute Respiratory Infection
ART Antiretroviral Therapy
ARSH Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health
ARWSP Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme
ASDP Aajeevika Skill Development Programme
ASER Annual Status of Education Report
ASHA Accredited Social Health Activist
ASI Annual Survey of Industries
ASI Archaeological Survey of India
ASK Aajeevika Sansadhan Kendra
ASIDE Assistance to States for Development of Export Infrastructure and Allied Activities
AT&C Aggregate Technical and Commercial
ATDC Apparel Training & Design Centre
ATS Apprenticeship Training Scheme
xxxix
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

AVM Ajeevika Vanopaj Mitra
AWC Anganwari Centre
AWH Anganwadi Helper
AWW Angawadi Workers
AYUSH Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
BAY Birsa Awas Yojana
BBBP Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
BBNL Bharat Broadband Network Limited
B.S.N.L Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
BAIF Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation
BBBP Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
BC Backward Caste
BC Before Christ
BCs Business Correspondence
BCI Bar Council of India
BCCL Bharat Coking Coal Limited
BCG Bacillus Calmette–Guérin
BCM Billion Cubic Meter
BDOs Block Development Officers
BDS Bachelor of Dental Surgery
BE Budget Estimate
BEE Bureau of Energy Efficiency
BEEO Block Education Extension Officer
BEEP Building Energy Efficient Programme
BEMOC Basic Emergency Obstetric Care Training
BGB Below Ground Biomass
BGGs Bulk Garbage Generators
BGREI Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India
BIADA Barhi Industrial Area
BHGY Birsa Harit Gram Yojna
BHQs Block Head Quarters
BIPAP Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure
BIS Bureau of Indian Standards
BIT Birsa Institute of Technology
BLF Block Level Federation
xl
BLS Bureau of Labour Statistics

BMB Bharatiya Mahila Bank
BMBY Birsa Munda Bagwani Yojana
BMC Biodiversity Management Committee
BMI Body Mass Index
BMMU Block Mission Management Unit
BLC Block Level Committee
BO Banking Ombudsman
BOCW Building and Other Construction Workers
BOT Build Operate And Transfer
BPDB Bangladesh Power Development Board
BPED Bachelors in Physical Education
BPL Below Poverty Line
BPs Boundary Pillars
BPO Block Project Officer
BRAP Business Reform Action Plan
BRC Block Resource Coordinator
BRP Block Resource Person
BRGF Backward Regions Grant Fund
BSBD Basic Saving Bank Account Deposit
BSNL Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
BSSPY Bal Shramik Shiksha Protsahan Yojana
BSPU Basic Seed Production Unit
BSUP Basic Services to Urban Poor
BTRA Bombay Textiles Research Association
BTS Base Transceiver Services
BTSP Business Skills Training Service Provider
CA Controlled Atmosphere
CA Compensatory Afforestation
CAs Certification Agencies
CAB Clinical, Anthropometric and Bio-chemical
CAB-AHS Clinical, Anthropometric and Biochemical-Annual Health Survey
CAD Computer Aided Design
CAL Computer Aided Learning
CADWM Command Area Development and Water Management
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate
xli
CAMPA Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority

CAPART Council for Advancement of People’s Action and Rural Technology
CAs Certification Agencies
CASP Community Aid & Sponsorship Programme
CBCS Choice-Based Credit System
CBDT Central Board of Direct Taxes
CBMS Community Based Monitoring System
CBO Community Based Organization
CB-PSA Capacity Building-Panchayat Sashaktikaran Abhiyan
CBT Capacity Building and Training
CBR Crude Birth Rate
CC Collection Centres
CCB Central Cooperative Bank
CCD Conservation cum Development
CCDU Communication and Capacity Development Unit
CCI Child Care Institution
CCL Central Coalfields Limited
CCPs Counterparty Clearing Houses
C-DAC Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
CDMU Cluster Development and Management Unit
CDPO Child Development Project Officer
CDS Current Daily Status
CCSAMMN Climate change and Sustainable Agriculture: Monitoring, Modeling and Networking
CCTV Closed-Circuit Television Video
CDLG Capacity Development for Local Governance
CDR Credit-Deposit Ratio
CDR Crude Death Rate
CEA Central Electricity Authority
CEO Chief Executive Officer
CETP Common Effluent Treatment Plant
CFB Citizen’s Feedback
CFC Central Finance Commission
CFCs Common Facility Centres
CFGPA Child-Friendly Gram Panchayat Award
CFPS Child Friendly Police Stations
CFS Centre for fiscal Studies
xlii
CFT Cluster Facilitation Teams

CGF Critical Gap Fund
CGGC Chotanagpur Granitic Gneissic Complex
CGIS Contributory Group Insurance Scheme
CGTMSE Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises
CGSSD Credit Guarantee Scheme for Subordinate Debt
CGWB Central Ground Water Board
CHC Community Health Centres
CII Confederation of Indian Industry
CID Crime Investigation Department
CIDC Construction Industry Development Council
CIF Community Investment Fund
CIL Coal India Limited
CIP Central Institute of Psychiatry
CIPET Central Institute for Plastic Engineering & Technology
CITES Convention on International Trade In Endangered Species
CJs Community Journalists
CLF Cluster Level Federation
CLSS Credit-linked Subsidy Schemes
CMD Common Mental Disorders
CMIE Centre for Moniotoring Indian Economy
CMNNDs Communicable Maternal Neonatal and Nutritional Diseases
CMP Comprehensive Mobility Plan
CMTC Community Managed Training Centres
CMSA Chief Minister’s Social Assistance
CMSA Community Managed Sustainable Agriculture
CMSGY CM Smart Gram Panchayat Yojana
CNNS Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey
CNCP Child in Need for Care and Protection
CNT Chotanagpur Tenancy
CoE Centres of Excellence
Cos Community Organisers
CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
CPHC Comprehensive Primary Healthcare
CPHS Consumer Pyramid Household Survey
CPIS Comprehensive Project Investment Subsidy
xliii
CPI Consumer Price Index

CPL Commercial Pilot License
CPSEs Central Public Sector Enterprises
CPSU Central Public Sector Undertaking
CRAR Capital to Risky Asset Ration
CRC Cluster Resource Coordinator
CRF Central Road Fund
CRISIL Credit Rating Information Services of India Limited
CRP Community Resource Person
CSBs Community Seed Banks
CSC Common Service Centres
CSE Computer Science Engineering
CSIS Central Sector Interest Subsidy
CSO Central Statistical Organisation
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
CSR Child Sex Ratio
CSS Centrally Sponsored Schemes
CST Central Sales Tax
CTE Colleges for Teacher Education
CTI Central Training Institute
CTS Craftsman Training Scheme
CUG Closed User Group
CWC Child Welfare Committee
CWC Central Warehousing Corporation
CWMI Composite Water Management Index
CWS Current Weekly Status
CWSN Children with Special Needs (CWSN)
CZA Central Zoo Authority
DAA District Appopriate Authority
DAC Department of Agriculture and Cooperation
DANIDA Danish International Development Agency
DANWADEP Danida’s Watershed Development Programme
DALYs Disability-Adjusted Life Years
DAP Di Ammonium Phosphate
DAY Deen Dayal Antyoadaya Yojna
DAY-NULM Deen Dayal Antyoadaya Yojna-National Urban Livelihoods Mission
xliv
DBFO Design Build Finance Operate

DBT Direct Benefits Transfer
DC Deputy Commissioner
DDC Deputy Development Commissioner
DDRC District Disability Rehabilitation Centre
DCBC District Capacity Building Committee
DCCB District Central Cooperative Banks
DCH Diploma in Child Health
DCHC Dedicated Covid Health Centres
DCPU District Child Protection Unit
DDUGJY Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana
DDU-GKY Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana
DDUKK Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Kaushal Kendra
DDUPSP Deen Dayal Upadhyay Panchayat Sashaktikaran Puraskar
DDRC District Disability Rehabilitation Centre
DEB Distance Education of Bureau
DEF Development Financial Institution
DELP Domestic Efficient Lighting Programme
DEO District Education Officer
DES Directorate of Economics and Statistics
DFC Dedicated Freight Corridor
DFCCI Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India
DFS Department of Financial Services
DO Divert Observation
DOE Department of Education
DoLR Department of Land Resources
DGFT Directorate General of Foreign Trade
DGPS Differential Global Positioning System
DGRO District Grievance Redressal officer
DHS Demographic Health Survey
DHQ District Head Quarter
DIC District Industries Centre
DIET District Institutes of Education and Training
DIPP Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion
DIP District Irrigation Plan
DISE District Information System for Education
xlv
DKVK Divyayan Krishi Vigyan Kendra

DLBC District Level Banking Committee
DLCC District Level Coordination Committee
DLCW District Level Centre for Women
DLIs Disbursement Linked Indicators
DLMS Dealer License Management System
DLSA District Legal Services Authority
DMHP District Mental Health Program
DMMU District Mission Management Unit
DMP Disaster Management Plan
DMPA Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
DoIT Department of Information Technology
DPAP Drought Prone Areas Programme
DPMU District Programme Management Unit
DPR Detail Project Report
DPT Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus
DRDA District Rural Development Agencies
DRDO Defense Research Development Organization
DRI Differential Rate of Interest
DRPs District Resource Persons
DRS Debt Restructuring Scheme
DSD Direct Store Delivery
DSE Data Science and Engineering
DSO District Supply Officer
DSR District Survey Report
DSS Direct Subsidy Scheme
DSWO District Social Welfare Office
DTR Dynamic Thermal Rating
DVC Damodar Valley Corporation
DWCDSS Department for Women, Child Development and Social Security
DWSD Drinking Water and Sanitation Department
DWSM District Water and Sanitation Mission
EAG Empowered Action Group
EAP Externally Aided Project
EBD Educationally Backward Districts
ECE Electronics and Communication Engineering
xlvi
ECCE Early Childhood Care and Education

ECD Early Childhood Development
ECI Economic Census of India
ECGC Export Credit Guarantee Corporation
ECLGS Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme
ECR Emigration Check Required
ECRP Emergency COVID Response Plan
EDA Export Development Assistance
EDF Electronics Development Fund
EDI Education Development Index
EDP Entrepreneurship Development Program
EESL Energy Efficiency Services Limited
EFMS Electronic Fund Management System
EI & IS Economically Important & Inter–State
EIA Energy Information Administration
EMC Electronic Manufacturing Cluster
EMDE Emerging Market and Developing Economies
EMOC Emergency Obstetric Care Training
EMRS Eklavya Model Residential Schools
ENC Essential New Born Care
EOC Emergency Operation Centres
EOI Expression of Interest
EOUs Export Oriented Units
EPA Entry Point Activity
EPC Engineering Procurement and Construction
EPF Employee Provident Fund
ERM Extension Renovation & Modernization
ERO External Resource Organisations
ESDM Electronic System Design and Manufacturing
ESI Employees’ State Insurance
EST&P Employment through Skills Training & Placement
ESZ Ecologically Sensitive Zones
ETC Emergency Telecommunications Cluster
EXCEL Employability Excellence Centre and Eductation Learning
EWR Elected Women Represntative
EWS Economically Weaker Sections
xlvii
FAS Financial Access Survey

FC Fixed Capital
FC Finance Commission
FFIs Formal Financial Institutions
FI Financial Inclusion
FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
FCA Forest Conservation Act
FCC Fourteenth Finance Commission
FCDO Foreign and Commonwealth and Development Office
FCI Food Corporation of India
FDA Forest Development Agencies
FDI Foreign Direct Investment
FDDI Footwear Design and Development Institue
FFS Farmers Field School
FFV Forest Fringe Villages
FHTC Funcational Household Tap Connection
FIEO Federation of Indian Export Organisations
FIRMS Fire Information for Resource Management System
FLCC Financial Literacy and Credit Counselling
FLCs Financial Literacy Centers
FMD Foot and Mouth Disease
FMI Financial Market Infrastructure
FNHW Food, Nutrition, Health and WASH
FPPCA Fuel and Power Purchase Cost Adjustment
FPC Flat Plate Collector
FPOS Farmer Producer Organizations
FPIS Family Planning Indemnity Scheme
FPLMIS Family Planning Logistic Management Information System
FPS Fair Price Shops
FRBM Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management
FRH Forest Rest House
FSSAI Food Safety and Standards Authority of India
FSC Farmers Service Centre
FSI Forest Survey of India
FTK Field Test Kits
FTO Fund Transfer Order
xlviii
FY Financial Year
GAIL Gas Authority of India Limited
GAR Gross Attendance Ratio
GATS Global Adult Tobacco Survey
GCA Gross Cropped Area
GCF Gross Capital Formation
GDI Gender Development Index
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GEF Global Environment Facility
GEM Gender Empowerment Measure
GER Gross Enrolment Ratio
GHG Green House Gases
GI Geographical Indication
GIA Gross Irrigated Area
GIS Global Investor summit
GIS Geographical Information System
GNPA Gross Non-Performing Asset
GoI Government of India
GoJ Government of Jharkhand
GPs Gram Panchayats
GPDP Gram Panchayat Development Plan
GPDPA Gram Panchayat Development Plan Award
GPF General Provident Fund
GPI Gender Parity Index
GPS Global Positioning System
GR Ganga Rejuvenation
GRDA Greater Ranchi Development Authority
GSD Gross State Domestic
GSPEC Gram Sabha Project Execution Committee
G-SIB Global Systematically Important Banks
GSDP Gross State Domestic Product
GSS Grid Sub-Station
GST Good and Service Tax
GSVA Gross State Value Added
GSRLMP Gram Sabha Resource and Livelihood Management Program
GVA Gross Value Added
xlix
GWMW Ground Water Monitoring Wells

GWSW Ground Water & Surface Water
HaM Hectare-Meter
HAPIS Horticulture Area Production Info System
HCM Hot Cooked Meal
HCR Head Count Ratio
HDI Human Development Index
HDU High Dependency Unit
HDR Human Development Report
HEC Heavy Engineering Corporation
HGNSJ Har Ghar Nal Se Jal
HIS Hydrologic Information System
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HMIS Health Management Information System
HLTC High Level Technical Committee
HPEC High Powered Expert Committee
HPD High Priority Districts
HPIMS Health Programme and Information Management System
HPS High Performing States
HRD Human Resource Department
HSC Health Sub Centres
HQ Head Quarter
HTLS High Temperature Low Sag
HUNAR Hallmarking of Unrecognized Novice and Amature Resources
HVA High Value Agriculture
HYV High Yield Varieties
HWC Health & Wellness Center
HWMF Hazardous Waste Management Facilty
IIBF India Institute of Banking and Finance
IAP Integrated Action Plan
IASE Institute for Advance Studies in Education
IAY Indira Awas Yojna
ICAP Integrated Cluster Action Plan
ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research
ICDs Inland Container Depots
ICDS Integrated Child Development Services
l
ICI Investment Company Institute

ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research
ICPS Integrated Child Protection Scheme
ICPS Integrated Child Protection Service
ICT Information & Communication Technology
ICU Intensive Care Units
IDBI Industrial Development Bank of India
IDP Institute Development Plan
IDPS Immuno-Deficiency Pension Scheme
IDTR Indo Denish Tool Room
IEC Information, Education and Communication
IEDSS Inclusive Education for Disabled at Secondary Stage
IFA Iron Folic Acid
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
IGA Income Generation Activities
IGMSY Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojna
IGNDPS Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme
IGNOAPS Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme
IGNWPS Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme
IGWDP Indo German Watershed Development Programme
IHHL Individual Household Latrines
IHSDP Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme
IHSDP Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme
IINRG Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums
IIM Indian InstituteManagement
IIP Index of Industrial Production
IIPS International Institute of Population Sciences
IIT Indian Institute of Technology
IITF India International Trade Fair
IKSL IFFCO Kisan Sanchar Limited
ILEP International Federation of Anti-leprosy Associations
IL&FS Infrastructure Leasing & Finance Company
ILO International Labour Organization
IMC Institute Management Committee
IMD Indian Metrological Department
IMF International Monetary Fund
li
IMIS Institute of Management & Information Science

IMNCI Integrated Management of Neonatal Childhood Illness
IMPS Immediate Payment Service
IMR Infant Mortality rate
INM Integrated Nutrients Management
IOS Integrated Ombudsman Scheme
IOWtE Industrial Organic Waste to Energy
IP Intermediate Panchayat
IPC Interpersonal Communication
IPCD Litres Per Capita Per Day
IPDS Integrated Power Development Scheme
IPM Integrated Pest Management
IPHS Indian Public Health Standards
IPT Intermediated Public Transport
IPPP Intensive Participatory Planning Process
IPV Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine
IQF Individual Quick Frozen
IRCTC Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation
IRO Internal Resource Organization
ISBT Inter-State Bus Terminus
ISFR India State of Forest Survey
ISI Information Sciences Institute
ISM Indian Institute of Science
ISP Innovative and Special Project
ISSR In-Setu Slum Redevelopment
ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation
IT Information Technology
ITDA Integrated Tribal Development Authorities
ITDP Integrated Tribal Development Project
ITES Information Technology Enabled Services
ITI Industrial Training Institute
ITI Indian Institute of Technology
ITPO India Trade Promotion Organisation
IUCD Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device
IUCN International Union For Conservation of Nature
IUD Intrauterine device
lii
IVA Independent Verification Agency

IWMP Integrated Watershed Management Programme
IYCF Infant and Young Child Feeding
J.M.T.T.C Jubilee Memorial Technical Training Centre
JAC Jharkhand Academic Council
JAP-IT Jharkhand Agency for Promotion of Information Technology
JARDCL Jharkhand Accelerated Road Development Co. Ltd
JARDP Jharkhand Accelerated Road Development Plan
JBAV Jharkhand Balika Awasiya Vidyalaya
JBVNL Jharkhand Bijli Vitran Nigam Limited
JCERT Jharkhand Council for Educational Research and Training
JCL Juvenile in conflict with law
JCNL Jharkhand Communication Network Limited
JCRL Jharkhand Central Railway Limited
JCST Jharkhand Council on Science &Technology
JCSRC Jharkhand Corporate Social Responsibility
JEPC Jharkhand Education Project Council
JETA Jharkhand Eco-Tourism Authority
JFM Joint Forest Management
JFMC Joint Forest Management Committee
JSFSS Jharkhand State Food Security Scheme
JHALSA Jharkhand State Legal Services Authority
JHARNET Jharkhand State Information and Communication Network
JHARCRAFT Jharkhand Silk, Textile and Handicraft Development Corporation
JHASCOFISH Jharkhand State Co-Operative Fisheries Federation Ltd.
Jharkhand State Minor Forest Produce Co-operative Development and Marketing Fed-
JHAMFCOFED
eration Limited
JHIMDI Jharkhand Horticulture Intensification by Micro Drip Irrigation
JIADA Jharkhand Industrial Area Development Authority
JICA Japan Intensive Cooperation Agency
JICD Jharkhand Institute of Craft and Design
JIIDCO Jharkhand Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation
JIGAY Jharkhand Integrated Gram Adarsh Yojana
JIMMS Jharkhand Integrated Mines & Minerals Management System
JINFRA Jharkhand Infrastructure Development Corporation
JIP Jharkhand Industrial Policy
liii
JIIP Jharkhand Industrial Investment Policy

JJB Juvenile Justice Board
JJM Jal Jeevan Mission
JLG Joint Liability Groups
JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
JOHAR Jharkhand Opportunities for Harnessing Rural Growth Project
JPRA Jharkhand Panchayati Raj Act
JREDA Jharkhand Renewable Energy Development Agency
JRHMS Jharkhand Rural Health Mission Society
JRIDCL Jharkhand Rail Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited
JSAC Jharkhand Space Application Centre
JSACS Jharkhand State AIDS Control Society
JSBAY Jharkhand Sampoorn Bijli Achadan Yojana
JSCA Jharkhand State Cricket Association
JSCB Jharkhand State Co-operative Bank
JSCPS Jharkhand State Child Protection Society
JSDMS Jharkhand Skills Development Mission Society
JSEB Jharkhand State Electricity Board
JSFC Jharkhand State Food and Civil Supplies Corporation
JSFDC Jharkhand State Forest Development Corporation
JSLPS Jharkhand State Livelihood Promotion Society
JSSK Jannani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram
JSNM Jharkhand State Nutrition Mission
JSOU Jharkhand State Open University
JSRP Jharkhand State Road Project
JSSPS Jharkhand State Sports Promotion Society
JSTDI Jharkhand Silk Textile Development Institute
JSWM Jharkhand State Watershed Mission
JSWSH Jharkhand State Water and Sanitation Mission
JSY Janani Suraksha Yojana
JTDC Jharkhand Tourism Development Corporation
JTDEP Jharkhand Tribal Development and Empowerment Project
JTDP Jharkhand Tribal Development Program
JTDS Jharkhand Tribal Development Society
JTELP Jharkhand Tribal Empowerment & Livelihood Programme
JTET Jharkhand Teachers Eligibility Test
liv
JTRI Jharkhand Tribal Research Institute

JUIDCL Jharkhand Urban Infrastructure Development Company Limited
JUTCOL Jharkhand Urban Transport Corporation Limited
JUPMI Jharkhand Urban Planning and Management Institute
JUSNL Jharkhand Urja Sancharan Nigam Limited
JUUNL Jharkhand Urja Utpadan Nigam Ltd
JUVNL Jharkhand Urja Vikas Nigam Ltd
JWDS Jharkhand Woman Development Society
KCC Kisan Credit Card
KGBV Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya
KDE Kernel Density Estimator
KMS Kharif Marketing Seasons
KM Kilo Meter
KSY Kishori Shakti Yojana
KVA Kilovolt amps
KVIB Khadi and Village Industries Board
KVIC Khadi and Village Industries Commission
KYC Know Your Customer
LAMPS Large Sized Adivasi Multipurpose Society
LAN Local Area Network
LB Labour Budget
LBW Low Birth Weight
LDL Low-Density Lipoprotein
LDMs Lead District Managers
LED Light Emitting Diode
LFPR Labour Force Participation Rate
LHV Lady Health Visitor
LIC Life Insurance Corporation
LIG Low Income Groups
LIN Labour Identification Number
LMO Liquid Medical Oxygen
LMT Lakh Metric Tonnes
LPCD Litres Per Capita Per Day
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LPS Low Performing States
LSAS Life Saving Anesthetic Skill Re orientation
lv
LSB Long Span Bridges

LT Low Tension
LWE Left Wing Extremism
LWM Liquid Waste Management
MA Modified Atmosphere
MADA Modified Area Development Approach
M.B.B.S Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
MCA Ministry of Corporate Affairs
MCD Minority Concentration Districts
MCI Medical Council of India
MCM Million Mubic Meter
MCS Model cluster Schools
MCW Maternity and Child Welfare Centres
MDA Market Development Assistance
MDF Moderately Dense Forest
MDG Millennium Development Goals
MDI Micro Drip Irrigation
MDM Mid Day Meal
MDR Major District Roads
MDS Master of Dental Surgery
MEC Microenterprise consultant
MECON Metallurgical & Engineering Consultants Limited
MECs Micro Enterprise Consultants
MEITY Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
MES Modular Employable Skills
MESO Micro Economic Social Organisation
MFE Micro Food Enterprises
MFEDF Micronutrient Fortified Energy Danced Food
MFI Micro Finance Institution
MFP Minor Forest Produces
MGNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
MGNREGS Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
MHCA Mental Health Care Act
MHRD Ministry of Human Resource Development
MHUPA Ministry of Urban Housing and Poverty Alleviation
MIG Middle Income Groups
lvi
MIS Management Information Systems

MKSP Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana
MKY Mukhyamantri Kanyadan Yojna
MLLY Mukhyamantri Ladli Laxmi Yojna
MMJSSA Mukhya Mantri Janani Shishu Swasthya Abhiyan
MMKAY Mukhy Mantri Krishi Aashirwad Yojana
MDRs Major District Roads
MLD Millon Litres Per Day
MMDBY Mukhya Mantri Dal Bhat Yojana
MMP Mission Mode Projects
MMR Maternal Mortality Ratio
MMS Mandal Mahila Samakhya
MMU Mobile Medical Unit
MNRE Ministry of Natural and Renewable Energy
MoA Memorandum of Agreement
MoAFW Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
MoE Ministry of Education
MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
MOFPI Ministry of Food Processing Industries
MoHFW Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
MoHUA Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
MOP Muriate of Potash
MoM Ministry of Mines
MoMA Ministry of Minority Affairs
MoPR Ministry of Panchayati Raj
M.P.P Milk Pooling Points
MoRD Ministry of Rural Development
MOSPI Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MoT Ministry of Tourism
MoUD Ministry of Urban Development
MoWR Ministry of Water Resorces
MPCE Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure
MPCY Medhavi Putra/Putri Chatravriti Yojana
MPED Masters in Physical Education
MPLS Multi Protocol Lebel Switching
lvii
MPV Mahila Police Volunteers

MSS Mines Surveillance System
MSBY Mukhyamantri Swasthya Bima Yojana
MSDP Multi Sector Development Programme
MSE Micro and Small Enterprises
MSK Mahila Shakti Kendra
MSME Micro Small and Medium Enterprises
MSP Minimum Support Price
MSY Mukhyamantri Sharmik Yojana
M-STrIPES Monitoring System for Tiger-Intensive Protection and Ecological Status
MT Million Tone
MPI Multi-dimensional Poverty Index
MTCs Malnutrition Treatment Centres
MTP Medical Termination of Pregnancy
MUDRA Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency
MVI Motor Vehicles Inspector
MVS Multivillage Schemes
MVY Mukhyamantri Vidyalakshmi Yojana
MW Mega Watts
MWCD Ministry of Women and Child Development
MWPSC Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens
MWDS Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation
MYRADA Mysore Resettlement and Development Agency
NA Not Available
NNBOMP New National Biogas and Organic Manure Programme
NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
NABL National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories
NADMS National Agriculture Drought Monitoring System
NACO National Aids Control Organisation
NAEB National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board
NAM National Agriculture Market
NAPCC National Action Plan for Climate Change
NAPSrC National Action Plan for Welfare of Senior Citizens
NARI National AIDS Research Institute
NARSS National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey
NAS National Achievement Survey
lviii
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NBA National Board of Accreditation
NBC Net Bank Credit
NBCR National Bureau of Crime Records
NBFC Non-Banking Financial Companies
NCC National Cadet Crops
NCDs Non-Communicable Diseases
NCERT National Council of Educational Research and Training
NCI National Career Institute
NCLP National Child Labour Project
NCML National Collateral Management Service
NCS National Career Service
NCRB National Crime Records Bureau
NCTE National Council for Teacher Education
NCVT National Council for Vocational Training
NDCs Nationally Determined Contributions
NDML National Database Management Ltd
NDRF National Disaster Response Force
NDRGGSP Nanaji Deshmukh Rashtriya Gaurav Sabha Puraskar
NDUW National Database of Unorganized Workers
NeGP National e-Governance Plan
NEFT National Electronic Fund Transfer
NER Net Enrolment Ratio
NESCL NTPC Electric Supply Company
NF Non Forest
NFBS National Family Benefit Scheme
NFE Non Formal Education
NFHS National Family Health Survey
NFSA National Food Security Act
NFSM National Food Security Mission
NGP Namami Gange Programme
NGO Non-Government Organizations
NH National Highways
NHAI National Highways Authority of India
NHDP National Highway Development Programme
NHB National Housing Bank
lix
NHE National and Health Education

NHM National Health Mission
NIA Net Irrigated Area
NIC National Informatics Centre
NID National Institute of Design
NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
NIRD National Institute of Rural Development
NIOS National Institute of Open Schooling
NIT National Institute of Technology
NITI National Institution for Transforming India
NISE National Institute of Solar Energy
NIUA National Institute of Urban Affairs
NLEP National Leprosy Eradication Programme
NLU National Law University
NMCG National Mission for Clean Ganga
NMFP National Mission on Food Processing
NMMU Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
NMHP National Mental Health Programme
NMP National Manufacturing Policy
NMPB National Medicinal Plants Board
NMR Neonatal Mortality Rate
NMSA National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture
NMT Non-Motorized Transport
NNMR Neo Natal Mortality Rate
NOFN National Optical Fiber Network
NOHP National Oral Health Programme
NPAs Non Performing Assets
NPA National Park Authority
NPCA National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Eco-systems
NPCI National Payments Corporation of India
NPEGEL National Program for Education of Girls at Elementary Level
NPCB National Program for Control of Blindness
NPLs Non-Performing Loans
NPPCD National Programme for Prevention and control of Deafness
NPPCF National Programme for Fluorosis
lx
National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular

NPCDCS
Diseases and Stroke
NPJSY Neelambar Pitamber Jal Sammridhi Yojna
NPRD National Panchayati Raj Day
NPTA National Plan for Technical Assistance
NPS Non Priority Sector
NRDP National Drinking Water Programme
NRDWP National Rural Drinking Water Programme
NREGA National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
NREP National Rural Employment Programme
NRHM National Rural Health Mission
NRLM National Rural Livelihood Mission
NRLP National Rural Livelihoods Project
NRM National Resource Management
NRM National Rurban Mission
NRO National Resource Organizations
NRSC National Remote Sensing Centre
NSA Net Sown Area
NSAP National Social Assistant Program
NSDC National Skill Development Corporation
NSF National Sports Federation
NSG National Steering Group
NVA Net Value Added
NSAP National Social Assistance Program
NSDP Net State Domestic Product
NSO National Statistical Office
NSQF National Skills Qualifications Framework
NSS National Sample Survey
NSS National Social Scheme
NSSF National Small Saving Fund
NSSK Navjat Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram
NSSO National Sample Survey Organization
NSU National Sports University
NSV No-Scalpel Vasectomy
NTFP Non Timber Forest Produce
NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation
lxi
NTSA National Technical Support Agency

NUHM National Urban Health Mission
NULM National Urban Livelihoods Mission
NVHCP National Viral Hepatitis Control Program
NWFP Non Wood Forest Product
NWDPRA National Watershed Development Programme for Rain fed Areas
NWQSM National Water Quality Sub-Mission
OBC Other Backward Classes
OCP Open Compute Project
ODF Open Defecation Free
ODOP One District One Product
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OF Open Forest
OFAC Office of Foreign Assets Control
OFC Optical Fibre Cable
OFWM On Farm Water Management
OMMAS Online Management Monitoring and Accounting System
O&M Operation and Maintenance
OMR Optical Mark Recognition
OOPME Out of Pocket Medical Expenditure
OPHDI Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative
OPS Other Priority Sector
OPV Oral Poliovirus Vaccines
OSC One Stop Centre
OSP Office of Strategy & Planning
OTP One Time Password
OWC Organic Waste Converter
PE Project Experts
PAB Programme Approval Board
PACS Primary Agricultural Credit Societies
PBS Public Bicycle Sharing System
PC Project Cost
PCARDB Primary Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks
PCC Plain Cement Concrete
PCCF Principal Chief Conservator of Forests
PCI Per Capita Income
lxii
PCLDB Primary Cooperative Land Development Banks

PCPNDT Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques
PCV Packed Cell Volume
PDO Public Data Office
PDP Panchayat Development Plan
PDMC Project Development and Management Consultant
PDS Public Distribution System
PEAIS Panchayat Empowerment and Accountability Incentive Scheme
PF Protected Forests
PEG Private Entrepreneurs Guarantee
PESA Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas
PFC Power Finance Corporation
PFP Patanjali Food Park
PFR Pre Feasibility Report
PFCCL Power Finance Corporation Consulting Limited
PG Post Graduate
PGCIL Power Grid Cooperation of India Limited
PGMS Public Grievance Management System
PHC Primary Health Centres
PHC Public Health Centres
PHS Priority Household Scheme
PHED Public Health and Engineering Department
PHH Priority Households
PHY Primary Household Yojana
PIA Program Implementing agencies
PIB Press Information Bureau
PICU Paediatric Intensive Care Units
PIM Participatory Irrigation Management
PIU Project Implementation Unit
PLF Plant Load Factor
PLFS Periodic Labour Force Survey
PMA Preferential Market Access
PMC Project Management Consultant
PMAGY Prime Minister Adarsh Gram Yojana
PMAY Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
PMAY-G Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna- Gramin
lxiii
PMAY-R Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna- Rural

PMAY-U Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna- Urban
PMEGP Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme
PMEYSA Panchayat Mahila Evam Yuva Shakti Abhiyan
PMFBY Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojna
PMGDISHA Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan
PMGKAY Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana
PMGSY Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna
PMJDY Pradhan Mantri Jan-DhanYojana
PMJJBY Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana
PMJJY Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Yojana
PMJVK Pradhan Mantri Jav Vikas Karyakaram
PMKSY Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sichai Yojana
PMKVY Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
PM KUSUM Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Sauraksha Evam Utthan Mahabhiyan
PMMY Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana
PMMSY Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojna
PMMVY Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana
PMNRF Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund
PMRY Prime Minister Rozgar Yogna
PMSBY Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Beema Yojana
PMSSY Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana
PM SVANIDHI Pradhan Mantri Street Vender’s Atma Nirbhar Nidhi
PMU Project Management Unit
PMUY Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
PNB Punjab National Bank
PO Protection Officer
POERI Power over Economic Resources
POP Progesterone-Only Pill
POS Point of Sale
PPC Primary Processing Centres
PPIUCD Post Partum Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device
PPRA Per centage of Persons that Responded as Ailing
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
PPP Public Private Partnership
PPT Panchayat Planning Team
lxiv
PRADAN Professional Assistance for Development Action

PRASAD Pilgrimage Rejuvenation And Spiritual Augmentation Drive
PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal
PRC Performance Review Committee
PRI Panchayati Raj Institution
PSA Priority Sector Advances
PSB Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria
PSE Pre School Education
PSL Priority Sector Lending
PSLC Priority Sector Lending Certificate
PSPTG Pension Scheme for Primitive Tribal Group
PSU Public Sector Undertaking
PTG Primitive Tribal Groups
PTI Panchayat Training Institution
PTP Primitive Tribe Population
PTR Pupil-Teacher Ratio
PTR Palamu Tiger Reserve
PSS Power Sub-Station
PTTC Primary Teachers Training Colleges
PVTG Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups
PVUNL Patratu Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Limited
PWCS Primary Weavers Cooperative Societies
PWD Public Works Department
PWD Persons with Disabilities
PWS Piped Water Supply
PWSS Piped Water Supply Scheme
PYKKA Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan
QA Quality Audit
QAP Quality Assurance Plan
QCD Quality Control Directorate
QCI Quality Control of India
QEH Queen Elizabeth House
QP Quality Policy
RA Recruiting Agency
RAD Rainfed Area Development
RAFTAAR Remunerative Approaches for Agriculture and Allied Sector Rejuvenation
lxv
RAT Rapid Antigen Test

RIADA Ranchi Industrial Area Development Authority
RIFD Rural Infrastructure Development
RAPDRP Restructured Accelerated Power Development & Reforms Programme
RAW Ranchi Adventure Wheelers
RAY Rajiv Awas Yojana
RBI Reserve Bank Of India
RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete
RCD Road Construction Department
RCH Reproductive and Child Health
RCPLWEA Road Connectivity Project for Left Wing Extremism Affected Areas
RCS Regional Connectivity Schemes
RDD Rural Development Department
RDDE Research, development, diffusion, and evaluation
RDF Random Decision Forest
RDSS Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme
REC Rural Electrification Corporation
REC Renewable Energy Corporation
REGP Rural Employment Generation Programme
RF Revolving Funds
RF Reserved Forests
RFF Revering Fish Farming
RFA Recorded Forest Area
RFID Radio-Frequency Identification
RFS Rural Franchisee Schemes
RGGVY Rajiv Gandhi GraminVidyutikaranYojna
RGPSA Rajiv Gandhi Panchayat Shasaktikaran Abhiyan
RGSEAG Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls
RGSA Rasthriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan
RGSY Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Yojana
RIDF Rural Infrastructure Development Fund
RIMC Rashtriya Indian Military College
RIMS Rajendra Institute of Medical Science
RINPAS Ranchi Institute of Psychiatry and Allied Sciences
RKSK Rashtriya Kishore Sawathya Karayakaram
RKVY Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna
lxvi
RMC Ranchi Municipal Corporation

RMNCH+A Reproductive Maternal-Neonatal-Child and Adolescent Health
RMNCH Reproductive Maternal-Neonatal-Child Health
RMSA Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan
ROs Resource Organizations
ROB Railway Over Bridge
RoGP Rate of growth of Population
RoPCI Rate of growth of PCI
RPCD Rural Planning and Credit Department
RPL Recognition of Prior Learning
RPWSS Rural Piped Water Service Scheme
RPWSS Reliance Power Wash Sales Services
RRB Regional Rural Banks
RRP Road Requirement Plan
RSCC Ranchi Smart City Corporation
RSETI Rural Self Employment Training Institutes
RSP Retail Selling Price
RTE Right to Education
RTGS Real Time Gross Settlement
RT-PCR Reverse Transription- Polymerase Chain Reaction
RUDSETI Rural Development & Self Employment Training Institute
RUSA Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyaan
RVNL Rail Vikas Nigam Limited
RVSPY Rajya Vidhwa Samman Pension Yojna
RWS Regular Wage Salaried
SAA Specialized Adoption Agencies
SAAMAR Strategic Action for Alleviation of Malnutrition and Anaemia Reduction
SAF South Asian Federation
SAAP State Annual Action Plan
SAG Scheme Adolescent Girls
SAGY Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana
SAHAY Sports Action toward Harnessing Aspiration of Youth
SAIL Steel Authority of India Limited
SAJHA Sports Authority of Jharkhand
SANKALP SKill Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livlihood Programme
lxvii
SAM Severe and Acute Malnourished Children

SAPCC State Action Plan on Climate Change
SARA State Adoption Resource Agencies
SARC Sustainable Agriculture Resource Centre
SAU Social Audit Unit
SATH-E Sustainable Action for Transforming Human Capital in Education
SBA Skilled Birth Attendant
SBI State Bank of India
SBIL State Bank Institute of Leadership
SBCC Social Behavioural Change and Communication
SBLP SHG bank-linkage program
SBM- G Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin)
SBM-U Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban)
SBSICR Second Bihar State Irrigation Commission Report
SC Sub Centres
SCs Scheduled Castes
SCA Special Central Assistance
SCARDB State Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank
SCB State Cooperative Banks
SCBs Scheduled Commercial Banks
SCI Systematic Crop Intensification
SCLDB State Cooperative Land Development Bank
SCM Smart City Mission
SCPCR State Commission for Protection of Child Rights
SCPS Jharkhand State Child Protection Societies
SCSP Scheduled Caste Sub Plan
SCSP Special Component Sub Plan
SD Standard Deviations
SDC SAARC Documentation Centre
SDEO Sub Divisional Education Officer
SDG Sustainable Development Goals
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDHQs Sub-Divisional Head Quaters
SDIS Skill Development Initiative Scheme
SDMA State Disaster Management Authority
SDP School Development Plan
lxviii
SDRF State Disaster Response Fund

SDY Salt Distribution Yojana
SECC Socio-Economic caste Census
SECI Solar Energy Corporation of India
SECURE Software for Estimate Calculation Using Rural Rate of Employment
SEP Self-Employment Programme
SEZ Special Economic Zones
SFAC Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium
SFBs Small Finance Banks
SFC State Finance Commission
SFURTI Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries
SFD State Forest Department
SGDP State Gross Domestic Product
SGST State Goods and Service Tax
SGY Smart Grampanchayat Yojana
SGSY Swaranjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna
SH State Highways
SHAJ State Highway Authority of Jharkhand
SHAM Sub-mission on Agricultural Mechanisation
SHG Self Help Group
SHM Soil Health Management
SHP Small Hydro Power Projects
SHPI Self-help Promoting Institution
SHQ State Head Quater
SICDP Small Industries Cluster Development Programme
SIDBI Small Industries Development Bank of India
SIDS Small Island Developing States
SIP State Irrigation Plan
SIRD State Institute of Rural Development
SITP Scheme For Integrated Textile Parks
SJKVY Saksham Jharkhand Kaushal Vikas Yojna
SJPU Special Juvenile Police Units
SJSRY Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana
SKIPA Sri Krishna Institute of Public Administration
SKO Subsidized Kerosene Oil
SLBC State Level Bankers Committee
lxix
SLBs Service Level Benchmarks

SLEC State Level Empowered Committee
SLIP Service Level Improvement Plan
SLP Service Level Progress
SLQAC State Level Quality Assurance Cell
SLWM Solid and Liquid Waste Management
SM&ID Social Mobilisation and Institution Development
SMAE Sub Mission on Agricultural Extension
SMAM Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization
SMART Simple Methodical Accountable Responsive Transparent
SMC Soil& Moisture Conservation
SMC School Management Committee
SME Small and Medium Enterprises
SMO Surveillance Medical Officer
SMO System Management Office
SMPP Sub Mission on Plant Protection
SMSP Sub Mission on Seed and Planting
SMMU State Mission Management Unit
SNCU New Born Care Unit
SNP Supplementary Nutrition Programme
SOC Soil Organic Matter
SOM Soil organic matter
SOR State’s Own Revenue
SoUL Solar Light
SPIADA Santhal Paragna Industrial Area Development
SPKSY Savitribai Phule Kishori Samriddhi Yojana
SPMRM Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rurban Mission
SPMU State Project Management Unit
SPV Solar Photo-Voltaic
SPV Special Purpose Vehicle
SPT Santhal Pargana Tenacy
SRB Sex Ratio at Birth
SRC State Resource Cell
SRCW State Resource Centre for Women
SRI Systematic Rice Intensification
SRLM State Rural Livelihood Mission
lxx
SRMS Self-Employment Scheme for Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers

SRS Sample Registration System
SRS Supported Residential Services
SRS Sample Registration System
SSA Sarva Siksha Abhiyan
SSA Social Security Agreements
SSB Social Security Benefits
SSC Sector Skill Council
SSC Skill Council Courses
SSSOAPS State Social Security Old Age Pension Scheme
SSDG State Service Delivery Gateway
SSSPS State Social Security Pension Scheme
SSP Single Super Phosphate
STRAP State Training Action Plan
STCs Special Training Centres
STEP Support to Training and employment Programme for Women
STEP-UP Skill Training for Employment Promotion amongst Urban Poor
ST Scheduled Tribe
STP Skill Training Providers
STPI Software Technology Parks of India
SUH Scheme of Shelters for Urban Homeless
SUI Stand-Up India
SUDA State Urban Development Agency
SUSV Support to Urban Street Vendors
SVEP Start-up Village Entrepreneurship Programme
SVNSPY Swami Vivekananda Nisshakta Svavalamban Protsahan Yojana
SWAN State Wide Area Network
SWCs State Warehousing Corporations
SWI Systematic Wheat Intensification
SWM Solid Waste Management
SWPS State Widow Pension Scheme
SWS Single-Window Clearance System
SWSM State Water and Sanitation Mission
TAMs Tribal Artisan Melas
TB Tuberculosis
TFC Thirteenth Finance Commission
lxxi
T&D Transmission and Distribution

TCDC Tribal Co-operative Development Corporation
TFR Total Fertility Rate
TIC Tourism Information Centre
TISCO Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited
TISS Tata Institute of Social Sciences
THE Total Health Expenditure
THP Targeting Hardcore Poor
THR Take Home Ration
THV Targeting the Hardcore Poor Scheme
TIC Tourist Information Centres
TOF Trees Outside Forests
TPAP Third Party Application Providers
TPC Training and Production Centre
TPD Tamper Proof Device
TPDS Targeted Public Distribution System
TPS Total Priority Sector
TRIFED Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India Limited
TSD Time Speed Distance
TSP Tribal Sub Plan
TT Tetanus Toxoid
TQA Total Quality Assurance
UAE United Arab Emirates
UCDN Urban Community Development Network
UCIL Uranium Corporation of India Limited
UD&HD Urban Development & Housing Department
UDAY Ujjwal Discom Assurance Yojna
U-DISE Unified District Information System for Education
UDR United Data Repository
UEE Universal Elementary Education
UF Unclassed Forest
UFMR Under Five Mortality Rate
UG Under Ground
UG Under Graduate
UGC University Grants Commission
UHC Universal Health Coverage
lxxii
UHNDs Urban Health and Nutrition Days

UID Unique Identity Number
UJALA Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All
ULB Urban Local Body
U5MR Under-5 Mortality Rate
UMPCE Usual Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure
UMPP Ultra Mega Power Projects
UN United Nation
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization
U.P Uttar Pradesh
UPI Unified Payments Interface
UPHC Urban Primary Health Centers
UPSS Usual Principal and Subsidiary Status
UR Unemployment Rate
USA United State of America
USEP Urban Self-Employment Programme
UT Urban Transport
UTIs Urinary Tract Infections
UWSP Urban Women Self-Help Programme
VAC Village Assistance Committee
V.E Vocational Education
VAT Value Added Tax
VDF Vehicle Damage Factor
VDF Very Dense Forest
VDVK Van Dhan Vikas Karykaram
VDP Village Development Plan
VEDC Village Environment Development Committee
VFMPC Village Forest Management & Protection Committee
VHC Village Health Committees
VHSNDs Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Days
VHSNC Village Health Sanitation & Nutrition Committee
VLE Village Level Entrepreneurs
lxxiii
VLCPC Village Level Child Protection Committee

VMC Village Monitoring Committee
VO Village Organization
VPN Virtual Private Network
VRF Vulnerability Reduction Fund
VTIP Vocational Training Improvement Project
VRP Village Resource Person
VSPHKVY Veer Sahid Poto Ho Khel Vikas Yojana
VTSP Vocational Skills Training Service Provider
VWSC Village Water and Sanitation Committee
WAMIS Work and Management Information Systems
WFPR Work Force Participation Rate
WAMS Works and Accounts Management Information System
WAR Wild Adventure Rally
WASH WJJMater, Sanitation and Hygiene
WCD Women’s Child Development
WDC Watershed Development Component
WHO World Health Organization
WHL Women’s Helpline
WHR Waist to Hip Ratio
WII Wildlife Institute of India
WLAs White Label ATMs
WLL Wireless in Local Loop
WMS Weaver Mudra Scheme
WPR Worker Population Ratio
WPT Ward Planning Team
WSA Water Spread Area
WUA Formation and involvement of Water User Association
XLRI Xaviers Labour Relation Insititue
XISS Xavier Institute of Social Service
YSS Yogada Satsang
lxxiv
Chapter 1
Macro Economic Overview
1
After the economic slowdown of the year 2019-20 and per cent in the financial year 2021-22. It is estimated
the COVID-19 induced lockdown of the year 2020-21 to grow by 7.8 per cent in the current financial year
the economy of Jharkhand has recovered once again. (2022-23) and by 7.4 per cent in the year 2023-24.
The GSDP of the state has grown at the rate of 8.2
GSDP of Jharkhand since Its Formation

The economy of Jharkhand (the GSDP at 2011-12 has recovered since then. It recorded a growth of 8.2
prices) grew at an average annual rate (CAGR) of per cent in the financial year 2021-22 and is estimated
6.2 per cent between the years 2011-12 and 2018- to grow by 7.8 per cent in the financial year 2022-23
19. However, it suffered a setback in the financial and 7.4 per cent in the year 2023-24. The per capita
year 2019-20, when with the rest of the country, income of the state, which too had declined during
the economy of the state also suffered an economic the years of economic slowdown and lockdown, has
slowdown. In comparison to the previous year, this also recovered since then. The per capita income at
year (2019-20) the nominal GSDP (the GSDP at constant prices increased from 51365 rupees in the
current prices) of the state increased only by 1.5 per year 2020-21 to 55126 rupees in the year 2021-22
cent and the real GSDP (the GSDP at constant (2011- and the per capita at current prices increased from
12) prices) by 1.1 per cent. The economy of the state 71071 rupees in the year 2020-21 to 78660 rupees in
suffered once again in the year 2020-21, when the the year 2021-22. They are estimated to grow further
COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent lockdown by 6.7 per cent at constant prices and 9.4 per cent
disrupted its production and supply chain. As a result, at current prices in the year 2022-23. They are, thus,
the nominal GSDP of the state contracted by 3.1 per estimated to be 58819 rupees at constant prices and
cent and the real GSDP by 5.5 per cent. The economy 86060 rupees at current prices in the year 2022-23.
Figure 1.1: GSDP at Current and Constant Prices (Rs. Crores) with their linear Growth Path
500000
450000
400000
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
Constant Prices Current Prices

Linear (Constant Prices) Linear (Current Prices)
Source: MoSPI, GoI
3
The Gross State Value Added (GSVA), which is 2019-20 and contracted by 5.6 per cent and 2.9 per
GSDP net of product taxes and product subsidies,1 cent respectively in 2020-21. They have recovered in
grew at an average annual rate of 5.8 per cent at the year 2021-22. In comparison to the previous year,
constant prices and 10.6 per cent at current prices in 2021-22, the GSVA at constant prices increased
between 2011-12 & 2018-19. The growth rate of by 7.6 per cent and that at current prices by 14.6 per
GSVA at constant and current prices decelerated to cent.
1.1 per cent and 1.6 per cent respectively in the year
Table 1.1: GSDP Per-Capita Income and their Growth-Rates at Current and Constant Prices
GSVA in ₹ Crore GSDP in ₹ Crore Per Capita Income
(NSDP) in ₹
Year
Constant Current Constant Current Constant Current
Prices Prices Prices Prices Prices Prices
2011-12 139130 139130 150918 150918 41254 41254
2012-13 150306 160827 163250 174724 44176 47360
2013-14 151724 172532 165816 188567 43779 50006
2014-15 171257 200796 186534 218525 48781 57301
2015-16 157741 186875 174881 206613 44524 52754
2016-17 172620 211871 193174 236250 48826 60018
2017-18 187467 242393 210587 269816 52277 67484
2018-19 206619 278824 229274 305695 56133 75421
2019-20 208900 283196 231755 310305 55658 75016
2020-21 (P.) 197297 275019 218962 300716 51365 71071
2021-22 (Pr.) 212308 315164 236816 343178 55126 78660
2022-23 (Pr.) 230391 349932 255372 381125 58819 86060
CAGR between 2011-12
5.8 10.4 6.2 10.6 4.5 9.0
and 2018-19
Growth rate between 2018-
1.1 1.6 1.1 1.5 -0.8 -0.5
19 (P) and 2019-20(Pr.)
-5.6 -2.9 -5.5 -3.1 -7.7 -5.3
20 and 2020-21 (P.)
7.6 14.6 8.2 14.1 7.3 10.7
21 (Pr.) and 2021-22 (Pr.)
8.5 11.0 7.8 11.1 6.7 9.4
22 (Pr.) and 2022-23 (Pr.)
(P-Provisional, Pr. -Projection)

Source: MoSPI, GoI and Survey Calculations
1 GDP = ∑ GVA at basic prices + Product Taxes – Product Subsidy
4
GSDP of Jharkhand in 2022-23 and 2023-24
From last one year the economy of Jharkhand has year 2021-22. The second wave of the pandemic,
shown signs of recovery from the effects of COVID-19 which hit the state in the beginning of the current
and the consequent lockdown. The economy of the financial year, was no less devastating in terms of
state, like the rest of the country, had been severely cases of infections and fatalities, but its impact on the
affected by COVID-19 and the consequent lockdown economy was not as severe as that of 2020-21. This
in the year 2020-21. Most of the economic activities was because while on one hand, the restrictions this
of the state were affected by it during the first two time were not as stringent as those were during the
quarters of this financial year. Though, the sign of national lockdown of the year 2020-21, on the other,
recovery became visible since October, 2020 it could many of the workers and producers by this time had
not compensate for the losses incurred in the first two adapted to work under the new normal conditions.
quarters. The state, however, managed the fall out of The real GSDP of the state, grew at the rate of 8.2 per
the COVID-19 situation sincerely and efficiently. As cent during this year.
a result, the decline in its growth rate remained less
The real GSDP of the state is estimated to grow by
than that of the country. The real GDP of the country
7.8 per cent in the current financial year (2022-23)
had declined by 6.6 per cent while that of the state
and 7.4 per cent in the financial year 2023-24. The
had declined by 5.5 per cent only during this period.
real GSDP of the state is estimated to be 2,55,372
Despite the second and the third waves of COVID-19 crore rupees in the year 2022-23 and 2,74,154 crore
pandemic, the economy of the state recovered in the rupees in the year 2023-24.
Figure 1.2: GSDP Projection for the FY 2022-23 and Forecast for the FY 2023-24
10
8 8.2 7.8 7.4

6
2
1.1
0
2019-20 2020-21 (P.) 2021-22 (Pr.) 2022-23 (Pr.) 2023-24 (E.)
-2
-4
-6 -5.5
-8
(P-Provisional, Pr. – Projected, E- Estimated)

Source: MoSPI, GoI and DES, GoJ.
India and Jharkhand

Jharkhand is one of the low-income states of the per cent if we leave the areas occupied by Pakistan
country. There is a great disproportion in the share and China) and about 2.7 per cent of the population of
of the state with that of the country in terms of area, the country lives in it, its GSDP has always remained
population and income . While, the geographical area disproportionately low. The real GSDP of the state
of the state is 2.4 per cent of that of the country (2.5 was 1.52 per cent of the real GDP of the country in
5
the year 2000-01 i.e. the year when this state was of the country. The GSDP at constant (2011-12)
formed. Since the growth rates of the country and prices of Jharkhand has remained at 1.61 per cent
the state have not always been uniform, the share of of the GDP at constant prices of the country in the
real GSDP of the state in the GDP of the country has year 2021-22 and it is likely to maintain its share in
varied over the years. Nevertheless , it has shown an the current financial year. The per capita income at
improvement over the years. Since 2017-18, it has constant prices of the state is approximately 40 per
remained approximately 1.6 per cent of the GDP cent less than that of the country.
Table 1.2: GSDP of Jharkhand in comparison with the GDP and the Per Capita Income (PCI) of India
Year GDP of India ₹ GSDP of Growth-Rate Growth-Rate PCI of India PCI of
Crore Jharkhand of GDP of of GSDP of Jharkhand
as a % of India Jharkhand as a % of
GDP of India PCI of India
Constant Current Con- Cur- Con- Cur- Con- Current Con- Cur- Con- Cur-
Prices Prices stant rent stant rent stant Prices stant rent stant rent
Prices Prices Prices Prices Prices Prices Prices Prices Prices
2011-12 8736329 8736329 1.73 1.73 63462 63462 65.01 65.01
2012-13 9213017 9944013 1.77 1.76 5.5 13.8 8.2 15.8 65538 70983 67.41 66.72
2013-14 9801370 11233522 1.69 1.68 6.4 13.0 1.6 7.9 68572 79118 63.84 63.20
2014-15 10527674 12467959 1.77 1.75 7.4 11.0 12.5 15.9 72805 86647 67.00 66.13
2015-16 11369493 13771874 1.54 1.50 8.0 10.5 -6.2 -5.5 77659 94797 57.33 55.65
2016-17 12308193 15391669 1.57 1.53 8.3 11.8 10.5 14.3 83003 103870 58.82 57.78
2017-18 13144582 17090042 1.60 1.58 6.8 11.0 9.0 14.2 87586 115224 59.69 58.57
2018-19 (3nd 13992914 18899668 1.64 1.62 6.5 10.6 8.9 13.3 92133 125946 60.93 59.88
RE)
2019-20 (2nd 14515958 20074856 1.60 1.55 3.7 6.2 1.1 1.5 94270 132115 59.04 56.78
RE)
2020-21 (1st 13558473 19800914 1.61 1.52 -6.6 -1.4 -5.5 -3.1 85110 126855 60.35 56.03
RE)
2021-22 (PE) 14735515 23664637 1.61 1.45 8.7 19.5 8.2 14.1 91481 150007 60.26 52.44
CAGR 8.2 13.7 6.2 10.6 6.4 12.1
between
2011-12 and
2018-19
Growth 3.7 6.2 1.1 1.5 2.3 4.9
between
2018-19 and
2019-20
Growth -6.6 -1.4 -5.5 -3.1 -9.7 -4.0
between
2019-20 and
2020-21
Growth 8.7 19.5 8.2 14.1 7.5 18.3
between
2019-20 and
2020-21
CAGR 6.4 12.6 7.3 13.1
between
2011-12 and
2014-15
6
Year GDP of India ₹ GSDP of Growth-Rate Growth-Rate PCI of India PCI of

Crore Jharkhand of GDP of of GSDP of Jharkhand
as a % of India Jharkhand as a % of
GDP of India PCI of India
Constant Current Con- Cur- Con- Cur- Con- Current Con- Cur- Con- Cur-
Prices Prices stant rent stant rent stant Prices stant rent stant rent
Prices Prices Prices Prices Prices Prices Prices Prices Prices
CAGR 7.2 11.1 9.4 13.9
between
2015-16 and
2018-19
Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (http://mospi.nic.in/data) and Survey Calculations
Except for a few years, the growth rate of Jharkhand but recovered once again in the year 2021-22. They
has mostly been higher than that of the country. are estimated to maintain their growth rates in the
While the average annual growth rate of India was current and the coming financial years.
6.4 per between the years 2011-12 and 2014-15, that
The economy of both the country and Jharkhand
of Jharkhand was 7.3 per cent during this period.
experienced an economic slowdown in the year
Similarly, while the GDP of the country grew at an
2019-20. The real GDP of the country grew by only
average annual rate of 7.2 per cent between the years
3.7 per cent and the real GSDP of Jharkhand by 1.1
2015-16 and 2018-19, the GSDP of Jharkhand grew
per cent. In the year 2020-21, when the pandemic hit
at the rate of 9.4 per cent during this period. Growth
the country and consequent lockdown was imposed,
rates of both the country and Jharkhand decelerated
the GDP of the country contracted by 6.6 per cent but
after 2018-19, became negative in the year 2020-21
that of Jharkhand went down by 5.5 per cent.
Figure 1.3: Growth-Rate of India and Jharkhand at Constant Prices
15
10
-5
-10
Growth rate of India Growth rate of Jharkhand
7
Inter-State Comparison of Per Capita Income and Growth-Rate
The per capita income of Jharkhand is one of the change in the ranking of the states in the last two
lowest in the country. It ranked 26th out of the 28 decades. It ranked 26th amongst the 28 states of the
states of the country at the time of its formation in country in the year 2020-21 too, only ahead of Bihar
the year 2000-01. Only two states of the country i.e., and Uttar Pradesh. The per capita income of Bihar
Uttar Pradesh and Bihar ranked below it. While the was about 45 per cent less than that of Jharkhand,
per capita income of Jharkhand was 290 per cent less while that of Uttar Pradesh was about 23 per cent
than that of Goa, the top-ranking state of the country, less than that of it. The per capita income of Goa,
it was about 34 per cent more than that of Bihar, the however, has become 481 per cent more than that of
last ranking state of the country. There is not much Jharkhand.
Table 1.3: The Ranking of the States in terms of their Per Capita Income (PCI) at Current Prices
2000-01 Differ- 2011-12 Differ- 2020-21 Differ-
State\UT ence from ence from ence from
PCI Rank Jharkhand PCI Rank Jharkhand PCI Rank Jharkhand
1 Andhra Pradesh 16574 11 66.1 69000 14 67.3 114324 12 122.6
2 Arunachal Pradesh 14726 18 47.6 73068 13 77.1 108706 14 111.6
3 Assam 12447 21 24.7 41142 25 -0.3 57227 23 11.4
4 Bihar 6554 28 -34.3 21750 29 -47.3 28127 28 -45.2
5 Chhattisgarh 10808 24 8.3 55177 18 33.7 72236 18 40.6
6 Goa 38989 1 290.7 259444 1 528.9 298527 1 481.2
7 Gujarat 17227 9 72.6 87481 11 112.1 160321 4 212.1
8 Haryana 24423 3 144.7 106085 3 157.2 165617 3 222.4
9 Himachal Pradesh 21824 5 118.7 87721 10 112.6 133079 11 159.1
10 Jammu and Kashmir 13859 19 38.9 53173 19 28.9
11 Jharkhand 9980 26 0.0 41254 24 0.0 51365 26 0.0
12 Karnataka 17352 8 73.9 90263 9 118.8 154123 5 200.1
13 Kerala 19809 7 98.5 97912 6 137.3 134878 9 162.6
14 Madhya Pradesh 11150 23 11.7 38497 27 -6.7 58334 22 13.6
15 Maharashtra 21892 4 119.4 99597 5 141.4 133356 10 159.6
16 Manipur 12157 22 21.8 39762 26 -3.6 51876 25 1.0
17 Meghalaya 14910 17 49.4 60013 15 45.5 56679 24 10.3
18 Mizoram 16635 10 66.7 57654 16 39.8 97408 15 89.6
19 Nagaland 15699 13 57.3 53010 20 28.5 69663 21 35.6
20 Odisha 10208 25 2.3 48499 22 17.6 71622 20 39.4
21 Punjab 25986 2 160.4 85577 12 107.4 112119 13 118.3
22 Rajasthan 12840 20 28.7 57192 17 38.6 74009 17 44.1
8
2000-01 Differ- 2011-12 Differ- 2020-21 Differ-

State\UT ence from ence from ence from
PCI Rank Jharkhand PCI Rank Jharkhand PCI Rank Jharkhand
23 Sikkim 15305 14 53.4 158667 2 284.6 239928 2 367.1
24 Tamil Nadu 20319 6 103.6 93112 7 125.7 143528 6 179.4
25 Telangana 91121 8 120.9 143023 7 178.4
26 Tripura 14933 15 49.6 47155 23 14.3 80512 16 56.7
27 Uttar Pradesh 9721 27 -2.6 32002 28 -22.4 39371 27 -23.4
28 Uttarakhand 14932 16 49.6 100305 4 143.1 138191 8 169.0
29 West Bengal 16244 12 62.8 51543 21 24.9 72202 19 40.6
Figure 1.4: Per Capita Income of the States in 2020-21
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
Assam
Telangana
Kerala
Chhattisgarh
Meghalaya
Manipur
Karnataka
Bihar
Himachal Pradesh
Maharashtra
Madhya Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Nagaland
Sikkim
Uttar Pradesh
Goa
Jharkhand
Gujarat
Odisha
Tamil Nadu
Uttarakhand
Haryana
Mizoram
West Bengal
Punjab
Tripura
Rajasthan
Andhra Pradesh
Source: MoSPI, GoI
A Decomposition of Jharkhand’s Growth Rate

Sectoral Share in the Gross State Value Added:
The share of the tertiary sector in the GSVA of grew up to about 45 per cent by 2021-22. This increase
Jharkhand is not only high but has also increased over in the share of tertiary sector has happened at the cost
the years. In 2011-12, the beginning of the current of the primary sector. The share of the primary sector
round of SNA (System of National Accounts), its has declined from about 28 per cent to about 22 per
contribution to the GSVA was 38.5 per cent which cent during this period of 2011-12 to 2021-22. The
9
share of the secondary sector has remained almost changes, it has remained almost the same in the year
stable over the years. Its contribution to the GSVA 2021-22 too .
was about 34 per cent in 2011-12 and with very little
Figure 1.5: Share of the Major Sectors in the GSVA of the State
100%
90%
80% 38.5 37.9 39.5 38.8 44.9 43.4 44 43.7 46.1 44.6 44.6
70%
60%
50% 33.8 34.9 31.7
33.8 28.9 31.3 32.4
40% 34.9 32.7 33.8 33.6
30%
20% 29.5
27.7 27.2 26.6 26.2 25.3 23.7 21.4 21.2 21.6 21.8
10%
0%
Primary Secondary Tertiary

Source: Calculated from the data of GSDP and related aggregates of MoSPI, GoI.
Sectoral Variations in Growth-Rate: The changes forestry and fishing’, financial services and public
in the sectoral share have happened because of the administration, had either stagnated or contracted.
differential growth rates. Among the three major Jharkhand had received a good monsoon rainfall
sectors (the primary, the secondary and the tertiary) during the year 2020-21. As a result, the agriculture,
of the state’s economy, the tertiary sector has forestry and fishing sector recorded a growth of 6.8
grown at the fastest rate during the period 2011-12 per cent – the crop component of it grew by about
to 2021-22. While the primary sector grew at an 6.2 per cent. The financial services, a component
average annual rate (CAGR) of 1.9 per cent and of the tertiary sector also record a positive growth
the secondary sector at the rate of 4.3 per cent, the of 5.5 per cent. Otherwise, the value of the output
tertiary sector grew at the rate of 5.8 per cent during of the tertiary sector contracted by 8.7 per cent.
this period. Even when most of the sectors of the Within the tertiary sector, those of the ‘Trade, Repair,
economy of the state were affected adversely because Hotels and Restaurants’ and ‘Transport, Storage
of the economic slowdown in the year 2019-20, the and Communication’ were severely affected. Their
tertiary sector recorded positive growth of 6.7 per output contracted by about 19.7 per cent and 17.3 per
cent. The value of the output of the primary sector cent respectively. The value of output of the hotel and
had almost stagnated and that of the secondary restaurant contracted by about 67 per cent.
sector contracted by 5.3 per cent during this year.
Almost all the sectors of the economy recovered
The GSVA of Jharkhand grew only at the rate of 1.1
by the year 2021-22. The value of the output of
per cent this year. During the COVID-19 pandemic
the primary sector grew by 8.8 per cent, that of the
and the ensuing lockdown of the year 2020-21, the
secondary by 7 per cent and that of the tertiary sector
value of output of all the sectors except ‘Agriculture,
by 7.5 per cent.
10
Table 1.4: Growth-Rate in Gross Value Added by Economic Activities at Constant (2011-12) prices.
CAGR Growth rate Growth Growth
Year/ Sectors and sub-sectors 2011-12 to 18-19 to rate 19-20 rate 20-21
21-22 19-20 to 20-21 to 21-22
1. Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 3.4 0.0 6.8 14.0
2. Mining and Quarrying -0.6 0.5 -18.2 -0.6
I. Primary (1+2) 1.9 0.2 -3.8 8.8
3. Manufacturing 4.9 -9.5 0.3 5.2
Electricity, Gas, Water supply and Other Util-
4. ities 5.2 23.1 -6.4 12.2
5. Construction 2.6 1.5 -8.0 10.9
II. Secondary (3+4+5) 4.3 -5.3 -2.3 7.0
6. Trade, Repair, Hotels and Restaurants 8.6 10.2 -19.7 12.3
7. Transport, Storage and Communication 3.4 4.5 -17.3 4.6
8. Financial services 6.0 6.1 5.5 6.0
Real estate, ownership of dwelling and profes-
9. sional services 6.1 4.1 -3.1 6.8
10. Public administration 1.9 -10.1 3.4 1.9
11. Other services 7.7 24.0 0.1 8.6
IV. Tertiary (6+7+8+9+10+11) 5.8 6.7 -8.7 7.5
12. GSVA at Basic Prices 4.3 1.1 -5.6 7.6
Source: Calculated from the data of GSDP and related aggregates of DES, GoJ.
Table 1.5: Sectoral Share in the Gross Value Added (GSVA) at Constant Prices.
S. Year/ Sectors and 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2019- 2020- 2021-
No. sub-sectors 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
1. Agriculture, Forestry 16.1 15.7 15.3 17.7 13.8 15.5 14.6 12.4 12.2 13.8 14.7
and Fishing
2. Mining and Quarrying 11.6 11.5 11.3 11.8 12.5 9.8 9.0 9.0 8.9 7.7 7.2
I. Primary (1+2) 27.7 27.2 26.6 29.5 26.2 25.3 23.7 21.4 21.2 21.6 21.8
3. Manufacturing 21.7 24.0 22.1 21.4 17.3 21.2 22.2 24.7 22.1 23.5 22.9
4. Electricity, Gas, Water 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.6 2.0 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.9
supply and Other
Utilities
5. Construction 10.3 8.9 9.8 8.7 9.6 9.3 9.0 8.7 8.8 8.5 8.8
II. Secondary (3+4+5) 33.8 34.9 33.8 31.7 28.9 31.3 32.4 34.9 32.7 33.8 33.6
6. Trade, Repair, Hotels 8.3 8.6 9.2 9.0 11.3 11.7 12.1 12.9 14.0 11.9 12.4
and Restaurants
7. Transport, Storage and 7.0 7.2 7.8 7.5 8.9 8.1 7.7 7.3 7.5 6.6 6.4
Communication
8. Financial services 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.5
11
S. Year/ Sectors and 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2019- 2020- 2021-
No. sub-sectors 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
9. Real estate, ownership 7.9 7.9 8.2 8.2 9.6 9.5 9.3 8.9 9.2 9.4 9.3
of dwelling and profes-
sional services
10. Public administration 7.1 5.7 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.1 7.2 6.1 5.4 5.9 5.6
11. Other services 5.3 5.5 5.9 5.6 6.0 5.6 4.3 5.5 6.8 7.2 7.3
IV. Tertiary 38.5 37.9 39.5 38.8 44.9 43.4 44.0 43.7 46.1 44.6 44.6
(6+7+8+9+10+11)
12. GSVA at Basic Prices 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Box 1.1: The Steady Recovery

After the economic slowdown of the year 2019-20 and the COVID-19 pandemic of the year 2020-21, the
economy of Jharkhand has started recovering once again. Owing to the relatively better management of
the COVID situation, the economy of Jharkhand was not as severely affected as the rest of the country.
The economy of the state started recovering after the unlocking began in June, 2020 and started gaining momentum
since October, 2020. All those economic activities which could be carried out with adequate social distancing and
COVID appropriate behaviour started functioning properly. The agriculture had remained unaffected by the pandemic
and reaped the bounty of a good monsoon. Sectors such as the auto and capital goods, which had been hit hard by the
lockdown, started making a turnaround in their earnings. Many other sectors made improvement in their production and
earning. Though the recovery in economic activities in the second half of the FY 2020-21 could not fully compensate
the loss incurred in the first two quarters of the FY 2020-21 but contraction in the state’s income was not as high as
many other parts of the country. While the GDP of the country contracted by 6.6 per cent this year, that of Jharkhand
contracted by 5.5 per cent only.
Though the state was hit by the second and the third waves of COVID in the year 2021-22, the economy
of the state started showing the signs of recovery. The GSDP at constant prices grew at the rate of 8.2 per
cent in the year 2021-22 and is estimated to grow by 7.8 per cent in the current financial year and by 7.4
per cent in the next financial year.
Changes in the Sectors and Sub-Sectors of the GSVA

As earlier discussed in this chapter, the share of and services increases at a much faster rate than the
agricultural sector has decreased in the GSVA of the demand for agricultural products as a response to
state over the years because of a relatively slower which the output of the agricultural sector increases at
growth in this sector in comparison to other sectors of a much slower rate than the other two sectors.
the economy. Decrease in the share of the agricultural However, in Jharkhand, the decrease in the share
sector with the growth of the economy is a universal of the agricultural sector is not only because of its
phenomenon. This happens because of both the technological and economic limitations but also
technological limitations of the agricultural sector and
because of its sub-optimal performance. There is
the change in the composition of demand with the
ample scope for improvement in the performance of
increase in income. On the technological front, the law
this sector through the expansion of the area under
of diminishing returns applies much earlier and in a
more intense manner in the agricultural sector than cultivation, increase in the area under irrigation
in the other sectors, causing a slow-down in the rate and augmentation in the adoption of improved and
of growth in this sector. On the demand side, as per appropriate technology.
Engel’s Law2, the demand for manufactured products Although the secondary sector has grown at a faster
2 Engel’s law is an observation in economics stating that as the income rises, the proportion of income spent on food falls.
12
rate than the agricultural sector, it still has scope for however, is an all-India phenomenon and Jharkhand
improvement in its performance in the years to come. is not an exception to it.
The growing dominance of the service/tertiary sector,
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Sector

Crop production is the most important sub-sector of The share of the value of output of livestock to the
the ‘Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing’ sector. Despite total output of the ‘Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing’
being mostly rain-fed and dependent on the vagaries sector declined from 21.4 per cent in 2011-12 to about
of monsoon, because of which its production has 15.7 per cent in the year 2017-18. It, however, has
been affected adversely in the years of bad monsoon, improved its share thereafter. Its share in the GVA
its contribution to the total value of output of the of the ‘Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing’ sector has
‘Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing’ sector has mostly remained more than 22 per cent in the last four years
remained more than 50 per cent. The value of its i.e., between 2018-19 and 2021-22.
output constituted more than 60 per cent of the value
The share of fishing sector has increased steadily
of the total output this sector between the years 2011-
since 2011-12. It was 2.5 per cent in the year 2011-
12 and 2013-14 but less than 55 per cent between
12 and increased to 5.0 per cent in the year 2018-19
the years 2014-15 and 2016-17. Its share recovered
and has remained above 5 per cent since then. This
once again to 57.1 per cent in the year 2017-18.
has happened because of a steady growth recorded
Due to the two consecutive years of bad monsoon in
in it since 2011-12. It grew at an average annual rate
2018-19 and 2019-20 and consequent contraction in
of 10.9 per cent between 2011-12 and 2021-22. The
its output, its share in the value of the output of the
share of forestry and logging has fluctuated from year
‘Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing’ sector declined to
to year. It contributed about 16 per cent to the value
49.3 per cent in the year 2018-19 and 54.1 per cent
of output of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing sector
in the year 2019-20. A good monsoon in the year
in the year 2011-12, about 32 per cent in the year
2020-21, could cause growth in its output, however,
2014-15, about 22 per cent in the year 2018-19 and
its share remained the same. Its share in the value of
remained substantially below 20 per cent since then.
the output of the ‘Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing’
Its share in the value of the Agriculture, Forestry and
sector has improved once again to 58.1 per cent in the
Fishing sector was 16.2 per cent in the year 2020-21
year 2021-22.
and 14.5 per cent in the year 2021-22.
Figure 1.6: Share of the Constituents in the Output of ‘Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing’ sector (in %)
100% 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.2 3.3 3.3 4.3 5.0 5.4 5.4 5.1
90% 16.0 15.3 15.7 15.1 14.5
21.8 22.5 19.8 22.1 16.2
80% 32.5
21.4 18.8 19.9
70% 18.8 25.4 22.3
22.7 19.7 24.6
60% 23.6
15.7
50%
40%
30% 60.1 63.3 61.6 58.1
52.2 54.5 57.1 54.1 53.9
49.7 49.3
20%
10%
0%
Source: MoSPI, GoI Crops Livestock Forestry and logging Fishing and aquaculture
13
The growth-rate of ‘Agriculture, Forestry and 22. The coefficient of variation of this sector has
Fishing’ sector has not only been very low but has remained equal to 12 per cent.
also remained highly variable. Between 2011-12 and
The ‘Fishing and Aquaculture’ sub-sector has
2021-22, it grew at an average annual rate (CAGR)
remained the most promising constituent of this sector.
of 3.4 per cent only. The Gross Value Added (GVA)
The value of its output grew at an average annual rate
of this sector, in the last ten years, has varied between
of 10.9 per cent between the years 2011-12 and 2021-
21,717 crore rupees in the year 2015-16 and 31,110
22. However, in last one decade the annual growth
crore rupees in the year 2021-22. The co-efficient of
in its output has varied between 1.6 per cent in the
variation of the GVA of this sector has been 11.9 per
year 2014-15 and 31.0 per cent in the year 2017-18.
cent between 2011-12 and 2021-22.
The co-efficient of variation of the value of output of
The low growth in the ‘Agriculture, Forestry and this sub-sector has remained as high as 38.9 per cent
Fishing’ sector has been mainly because of the low between the years 2011-12 and 2021-22.
growth-rate of the crop sector which, as mentioned
The value of the output of the livestock grew at
above, mostly constituted more than half of the value
an average annual rate of 3.8 per cent and that of
of the output of this sector. The GVA of this sector
forestry and logging at the rate of 2.3 per cent in the
grew at the average annual rate of 3 per cent between
last one decade. Their co-efficient of variation has
the years 2011-12 and 2021-22. The crop sector is
remained 16.6 per cent and 36.1 per cent respectively
by and large rain-fed hence vagaries of monsoon
in this period. The value of the output of forestry and
have caused fluctuations in its output. The GVA of
logging sector has shown a very high fluctuation in
this sector was about 13421 crore rupees in the year
this period. In comparison to the previous year, the
2011-12 and increased to 14980 crore rupees the
value of its output increased by about 170 per cent in
very next year (2014-15) i.e. by about 12 per cent
the year 2014-15 and contracted by 52 per cent the
in a single year. It could cross this level only thrice
very next year (2015-16).
in the last decade – in 2014-15, 2017-18 and 2021-
Table 1.6: Value of the Output of ‘Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing’ Sector and its Constituents
(₹ Crores)
Forestry & Fishing & Agriculture & Al-

Item
Crops Livestock Logging Aquaculture lied Sector
2011-12 13421 4776 3576 563 22335
2012-13 14980 4457 3619 593 23649
2013-14 14305 4611 3653 644 23213
2014-15 15074 4751 9853 654 30332
2015-16 11336 4935 4733 712 21717
2016-17 14594 5281 6036 891 26803
2017-18 15643 5155 5428 1167 27394
2018-19 12586 6016 5657 1280 25539
2019-20 13830 6496 3849 1370 25545
2020-21 (P.) 14693 6706 4417 1463 27280
2021-22 (Pr.) 18087 6940 4502 1580 31110
CAGR 2011-12 & 2021- 3.0 3.8 2.3 10.9 3.4
22
Growth rate 2018-19 to
2019-20 9.9 8.0 -32.0 7.0 0.0
2020-21 6.2 3.2 14.8 6.8 6.8
14
Forestry & Fishing & Agriculture & Al-

Item
Crops Livestock Logging Aquaculture lied Sector
2021-22 23.1 3.5 1.9 8.0 14.0
C.V. between 2011-12 &
2021-22 12.0 16.6 36.1 38.9 11.9
Source: MoSPI, GoI
Figure 1.7: Growth Rate of ‘Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing’ Sector and its Constituents
40.0
30.0 30.7
23.4
20.0
14.0
10.0
5.9 6.8
0.0 2.2 0.0
-1.8
-6.8
-10.0
-20.0
-30.0 -28.4
-40.0
Livestock Fishing and aquaculture Agriculture, forestry and fishing Crops
Note: Forestry and Logging constituent of this sector has not been included in this graph because of
excessive year on year fluctuation in the value of its output.
Source: Calculated from the data of GSDP and related aggregates of MoSPI, GoI
Industry
Manufacturing is the most important constituent 34 per cent. Its share in the value of the output of the
of the industrial sector. The value of output of this industrial sector has remained more than 50 per cent
sub-sector constituted about 48 per cent of the total since then. It is estimated to have contributed 56 per
value of output (GVA) of the industrial sector. Its cent to the projected GVA of the industrial sector in
share in the GVA of the industrial sector decreased the year 2020-21 and 2021-22.
to about 42 per cent in the year 2015-16, when the
The ‘mining and quarrying’ and the ‘construction’
economy of the state had suffered a setback and the
sub-sectors are the other most important constituents
output of this sector had declined substantially. The
of the industrial sector. The share of ‘Mining and
value of the output of this sector at constant prices
Quarrying’ sub-sector in the GSVA of the industrial
had contracted by about 26 per cent in comparison
sector was 25.6 per cent in the year 2011-12. It
to that of the previous year. The output of the mining
declined to 23.8 per cent in the year 2016-17 and
sector had contracted by 2.6 per cent while the output
further to 21.8 per cent in the year 2017-18. It
of electricity, gas and water supply had increased by
remained almost stable at about 21 per cent in the
14.5 per cent and that of construction by 1.6 per cent.
following two years i.e., 2018-19 and 2019-20 but
However, the output of the manufacturing sub-sector
has shown a declining trend since then. Its share in
later recovered soon by recording a growth of about
the GVA of industrial sector was 20.5 per cent in
15
2018-19, 21.4 per cent in 2019-20 and 21.1 per cent and 21.6 per cent in 2020-21. In last one decade, its
in 2020-21. It has declined to 18.6 per cent of the share in the GSVA of industry has varied between 19
GSVA of the industrial sector in the year 2020-21 and per cent to 23 per cent.
17.6 per cent in the year 2021-22.
In terms of the value of output, the ‘Electricity, Gas,
Not much change has taken place in the share of Water Supply and Other Utility Services’ is a less
‘construction’ and ‘electricity, gas and water supply significant constituent of the industrial sector. The
and other utility services’ sub-sectors in the GSVA of share of this sub-sector has varied between 2 per cent
the Industrial sector. The ‘construction’ sub-sector and 4.8 per cent in the last one decade (2011-12 to
contributed 22.8 percent to the gross value added 2021-22).
(GVA) of the industrial sector in the year 2011-12
Figure 1.8: Share of the Sub-Sectors in the Industrial Output
100%
90% 22.8 19.3 21.7 20.0 23.2 22.6 21.8 19.9 21.1 20.6 21.6
80% 4.1 3.6 3.4 4.4

3.8 4.2 2.0 2.7 4.4 4.6
4.8
70%
60%
51.8 49.3 41.8

50% 47.7 49.0 51.6 53.7 56.2 53.1 56.4 56.2
40%
30%
20%
27.1 30.2
25.6 24.8 25.1 23.8 21.8 21.5
10% 20.5 18.6 17.5
0%
Minnig & Quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas, water supply & other utility services Construction
Source: Calculated from the data of GSDP and related aggregates of MoSPI, GoI
The industrial sector has grown at an average annual 2018-19) in the last ten years. As a result, the co-
rate (CAGR) of 5.3 per cent between the years 2011- efficient of variation of the value of its output was
12 and 2018-19. The gross value added of this sector 12.5 per cent in this period (2011-12 to 2021-22).
contracted by 4.1 per cent in the year 2019-20 which
Manufacturing, which is the biggest constituent of this
wasthe year of economic slowdown and by 5.7 per
sector, has been the fastest growing sub-sector in the
cent in the year 2020-21, the year of pandemic and industrial sector. It has grown at an average annual
lockdown. Its growth-rate, however, has recovered rate of 7.8 per cent between 2011-12 and 2018-19. In
thereafter. Its growth rate has fluctuated between the year 2019-20, which was the year of economic
-12.5 per cent (in 2015-16) and +17.0 per cent (in slowdown, the GVA of this sub-sector contracted by
16
9.5 per cent and in 2020-21, the year of COVID-19 ‘Electricity, Gas, Water Supply and Other Utility
pandemic, the GVA this sub-sector grew by only 0.3 Services’ and ‘Construction’ sub-sectors have grown
per cent. It, however, has recovered since then. In at an average annual rate of 2 per cent, 3.7 per cent
comparison to the previous year, in the year 2021-22, and 3.3 per cent respectively between the years 2011-
the value of the output of this sector has increased 12 and 2018-19. The GVA of these sub-sectors have
by 5.2 per cent. The growth-rate of this sector has grown at the rates of 0.5 per cent, 23.1 per cent and 1.5
shown very high fluctuation. The value of the output per cent respectively in the year 2019-20 and -18.2 per
of this sector had contracted by 25.8 per cent in the cent -6.4 per cent, - 8.0 per cent respectively in the year
year 2015-16 but increased by 34.1 per cent the very
2020-21. In the year 2021-22, the ‘Electricity, Gas,
next year (in 2016-17). In the following two years it
Water Supply and Other Utility Services’ sub-sector
recorded an impressive double-digit growth; 14 per
recorded a growth of 12.2 per cent and ‘Construction’
cent and 22.4 per cent respectively, in the years 2017-
18 and 2018-19. As a result of the fluctuations in the sub-sector, that of 10.9 per cent. The value of the
growth rate, the co-efficient of variation of the value output of ‘Mining and Quarrying’ sub-sector, however,
of its output in this sector has been 19.8 per cent recorded a negative growth of -0.6 per cent. The co-
during this period. efficient of variations (CVs) of the GVA of these three
sub-sectors have been 9.4 per cent, 26.1 per cent and
The gross value added of ‘Mining and Quarrying’, 10.9 per cent, respectively.
Table 1.7: Value of Output of the Industrial Sector at Constant Prices (₹ Crores)
Electricity, Gas, Wa-
Mining and
Item Manufacturing ter Supply &Other Construction Industry
Quarrying
Utility Services
2011-12 16204 30166 2412 14395 63177
2012-13 17305 36148 2863 13443 69760
2013-14 17206 33564 2910 14843 68523
2014-15 20179 36720 2710 14904 74514
2015-16 19651 27264 3103 15147 65165
2016-17 16854 36568 1431 15993 70845
2017-18 16953 41683 2061 16911 77609
2018-19 18592 51012 3107 18064 90776
2019-20 18684 46184 3824 18331 87024
2020-21 (P.) 15286 46302 3581 16858 82027
2021-22 (Pr.) 15187 48710 4018 18697 86611
CAGR 2011-12 to 2018-19 2.0 7.8 3.7 3.3 5.3
0.5 -9.5 23.1 1.5 -4.1
2019-20
-18.2 0.3 -6.4 -8.0 -5.7
2020-21
-0.6 5.2 12.2 10.9 5.6
2021-22
C.V. between 2011-12 &
9.4 19.8 26.1 10.9 12.5
2020-21
Source: GSDP and related aggregates by MoSPI, GoI and projections by CFS, GoJ.
17
Figure 1.9: Growth in the Industry and its Sub-Sectors
60.0
40.0
20.0 17.0
10.4 8.7 8.7 9.5 5.6
0.0 -1.8 -4.1 -5.7
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
-12.5
-20.0
-40.0
-60.0
Minnig & Quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas, water supply & other utility services
Construction
Industry
Source: MoSPI, GoI
Tertiary/ Service Sector

In the last one decade (2011-12 to 2021-22) the and its share increased to 27.9 per cent.
Tertiary/ Service has been the fastest growing sector
The ‘Transport, storage, communication and services
of Jharkhand. The output of this sector, which mostly
related to broadcasting’ grew at a relatively lower
constituted more than 46 per cent of the GVA of the
rate in comparison to most of the sub-sectors of the
State, has recorded an average annual growth rate
tertiary sector. It grew at an average annual rate of
of 7.6 per cent between the FY 2011-12 and the FY
6.2 per cent between the years 2011-12 and 2019-
2019-20. The GVA of this sector, however, contracted
20. The value of its output declined by 17.3 per cent
by 9.2 per cent in the year 2020-21 but recovered the
during the pandemic year of 2020-21 and recovered
very next year. The value of its output increased by
by only 4.6 per cent in the year 2021-22. As a result,
7.5 per cent during the year 2021-22.
its share in the GVA of the tertiary sector declined
Within this sector, the ‘Trade, Repair, Hotels and from 18.2 per cent in the year 2011-12 to 14.4 per
Restaurants’ is the fastest growing sub-sector. It grew cent in the year 2021-22. The share of this sub-
at an average annual rate of about 12.4 per cent in sector in the GVA of the tertiary sector showed an
the period 2011-12 to 2019-20. As a result, the share increasing trend between the year 2011-12 to 2015-
of this sub-sector in the GVA of the tertiary sector 16 but started declining thereafter. The share of this
increased during this period from about 21.5 per cent sub-sector in the GVA of the tertiary sector, which
in the year 2011-12 to 30.4 per cent in the year 2019- was 18.2 per cent in the year 2011-12, increased to
20. Because of the pandemic and the lockdown, it 19.7 per cent in the year 2015-16, decreased to 18.7
experienced an unprecedented contraction in its GVA per cent in the year 2016-17 and further to 14.8 per
in the year 2020-21. Its output contracted by 19.7 per cent in the year 2020-21 and 14.4 per cent in the year
cent in one year. As a result, its share in the GVA 2021-22. This happened because while the GVA of
of the tertiary sector declined to 26.7 per cent in the this sub-sector grew at an average annual rate of 9.4
year 2020-21. In the year 2021-22, when the whole per cent between the years 2011-12 and 2015-16, it
of the economy recovered, both its GVA and its share grew by only 3 per cent between 2015-16 and 2019-
in the GVA of the tertiary sector, has shown signs of 20. As a result, its share declined to 16.3 per cent in
improvement. It’s GVA increased by 12.3 per cent the year 2019-20. As mentioned above, the value of
18
the output of this sub-sector experienced a sharp fall 21, when this sub-sector recorded a positive growth
in the year 2020-21 and a very slow recovery in the of 3.4 per cent when the output of all other sectors
year 2021-22 causing a further decline in its share in had contracted. In the year 2021-22, the value of the
the GVA of tertiary sector. output of this sector increased by only 1.9 per cent.
As a result, its share in the GVA of the tertiary sector
The shares of the ‘Real Estate, Ownership of Dwelling
declined to 12.6 per cent.
and Professional Services’ in the total value of the
output of the tertiary sector have remained almost Within the sub-sectors of the ‘Transport, Storage,
unchanged in the last one decade. Their shares in the Communication and services related to Broadcasting’,
value of output of the tertiary sector were 20.5 per air transport has been the fastest growing sub-sector.
cent in 2011-12, and 19.9 per cent in the year 2019- This sector, however, is so small that despite such
20. This has happened because their growth-rates an impressive growth, its share in the gross value
have been almost equal to the average growth-rate added (GVA) of the tertiary sector has not made any
of the tertiary sector. While the tertiary sector grew at significant change. Air transport grew at the average
an average annual rate of 7.6 percent, this sub-sector annual rate of about 32 per cent between 2011-12
grew at the rate of 7.2 per cent between the years and 2019-20. The gross value added by this sector
2011-12 and 2019-20. In 2020-21, the value of the was only about 14 crore rupees in the year 2011-12.
output of this sub-sector contracted by 3.1 per cent It has grown to 128 crore rupees in the year 2019-
while that of the tertiary sector contracted by 8.7 per 20. The GVA of this sector, however, contracted by
cent and in the year 2021-22, both of them recovered about 35 per cent in the COVID-19 pandemic year of
by 6.8 and 7.5 per cent respectively. As a result, its 2020-21. This sector recovered in the year 2021-22
share in the GVA of the tertiary sector improved by recording a 32 per cent growth.
marginally to 21.0 per cent in the year 2020-21 and
Storage, on the other hand, has recorded the lowest
remained at this level in the year 2021-22.
growth. The GVA of this sub-sector, in fact, has
The share of ‘Public Administration’ in the GVA of contracted at the compound annual rate (CAGR) of
tertiary sector declined continuously from 18.3 per 1.5 per cent between 2011-12 and 2019-20. The GVA
cent in 2011-12 to 11.7 per cent in the year 2019- of this sub-sector was 4 crore rupees only in the year
20. This is because it grew at less than the average 2011-12 which was reduced to about 3 crore rupees
annual rate of the tertiary sector on the whole. This in the year 2019-20 and remained at less than 3 crore
sector grew at the average annual rate of 1.7 per rupees during the years 2020-21 and 2021-22. The
cent only between the years 2011-12 and 2019-20. share of this sub-sector in the GVA of the tertiary
Its share improved to 13.2 per cent in the year 2020- sector is almost negligible.
Table 1.8: Value of Output of the Tertiary Sector and its Sub-Sectors at Constant Prices
(₹ Crores)
Tertiary Sector
Public admin-
Other services
storage, com-
Trade, repair,
ownership of
broadcasting
professional
Real estate,
dwelling &
munication
restaurants
& services
Transport,
hotels and
related to
Financial
istration
services
services
Item
2011-12 11521 9760 4144 11012 9818 7363 53617
2012-13 12873 10763 4533 11896 8591 8241 56897
2013-14 14006 11805 4665 12493 8010 9009 59988
2014-15 15493 12914 4932 14072 9369 9630 66412
2015-16 17772 13966 6082 15113 8464 9462 70859
19
Tertiary Sector
Public admin-
Other services
storage, com-
Trade, repair,
ownership of
broadcasting
professional
Real estate,
dwelling &
munication
restaurants
& services
Transport,
hotels and
related to
Financial
istration
services
services
Item
2016-17 20175 14023 5998 16429 8762 9586 74973
2017-18 22759 14408 6263 17474 13424 8138 82465
2018-19 26569 15063 6250 18432 12536 11454 90304
2019-20 29289 15745 6632 19194 11271 14200 96331
2020-21 (P.) 23507 13019 6997 18592 11656 14221 87991
2021-22 (Pr.) 26387 13613 7416 19850 11880 15440 94586
CAGR 2011-12 & 2019-20 12.4 6.2 6.1 7.2 1.7 8.6 7.6
Growth rate 20-21 -19.7 -17.3 5.5 -3.1 3.4 0.1 -8.7
Growth rate 2021-22 12.3 4.6 6.0 6.8 1.9 8.6 7.5
C.V. between 2011-12 & 2020-21 30.5 13.7 18.6 19.8 18.1 26.3 20.4
Source: GSDP and related aggregates by MoSPI, GoI and projections by CFS, GoJ.
Figure 1.10: Share of the Sub -Sectors in the Output of the Tertiary Sector
100%
13.7 14.5 15.0 14.5 13.4 12.8 9.9 12.7 14.7 16.2 16.3
90%
11.9 11.7 16.3 13.9 11.7
80% 18.3 15.1 13.4 14.1 13.2 12.6
70%
21.3 21.9 21.2 20.4 19.9
20.9 20.8 21.2 21.1 21.0
60% 20.5
50% 8.6 8.0 7.6 6.9 6.9
8.0 7.8 7.4 8.0 7.8
7.7
40% 18.7 17.5 16.7 16.3
19.7 19.4 19.7 14.8 14.4
18.2 18.9
30%
20%
25.1 26.9 27.6 29.4 30.4 26.7 27.9
21.5 22.6 23.3 23.3
10%
0%
Trade, repair, etc. Transport, storage, communication etc.

Financial services Real estate, professional services etc.
Public administration Other services
Source: Calculated from the data of GSDP and related aggregates of MoSPI, GoI.
20
Inflation in Jharkhand
The New Monetary Policy Framework3 which in comparison to other commodity groups during
was adopted by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) the last one and half years, i.e. from August, 2021
in February, 2015 has tried to keep the inflation to December, 2022. The fuel inflation during this
rate below 6 per cent. The inflation rate, which is period, except for October 2022, remained in double
measured in India in terms of Consumer Price Index digits. The prices of clothing and footwear also
(CPI)4, has mostly remained within control in India increased at more than 7 per cent during this period.
and in Jharkhand after the adoption of this framework. The combined weight of these two commodity
However, it has crossed the upper limit of 6 per cent groups is about 13.4 per cent in the CPI, therefore,
many a times in the recent past. It had crossed the hike in their prices have influenced the inflation rate
RBI’s upper mark of 6 per cent in December, 2019 of the state substantially. Despite a high increase in
and continued unabated since then, for almost a year. the prices of these two items, the rate of inflation in
It started decreasing since December, 2020. The Jharkhand remained relatively low during August,
economic slowdown of the year 2019-20 and the 2021 and December, 2021 because of low increase
pandemic of the following year became the reasons in prices of food and beverages. The rate of growth
for increase in the inflation rate in these two years. in the price of this item was 2.43 per cent in August
2021. It remained negative between September,
In India the inflation rate decreased from 6.93
2021 and November, 2021 and only 1.86 per cent in
per cent in November, 2020 to 4.59 per cent in
December 2021. Since the weight of this group of
December, 2020 In Jharkhand, the same decreased
commodities is more than 48 per cent in the CPI, a
from 7.55 per cent in November, 2020 to 3.91 per
low growth in it kept the inflation rate relatively low.
cent in December, 2020. In Jharkhand, the inflation
The rate of inflation in the state remained high during
rate remained within the rate stipulated in the ‘New
January, 2022 to October, 2022, when along with
Monetary Policy Framework’ throughout the year
increase in prices of 'fuel and lighting' and 'clothing
2021 but in India it crossed this level in May and
and footwear', the rate of increase in price of food
June 2021 and remained high in subsequent months
and beverages also remained high. The inflation rate
as well. In July and August 2021, it was 5.59 per cent
of the state has decreased in the last two months
and 5.3 per cent respectively but decreased thereafter.
of the year 2022 (November and December 2022)
The rate of inflation remained high both in Jharkhand
because of moderation in the rate of increase in price
and India throughout the year 2022. From January,
of these items.
2022 to October, 2022 it remained above 6 per cent
which is the RBI’s stipulated upper limit and has The Rate of inflation in Jharkhand, which has mostly
remained marginally below 6 per cent in the last two remained less than that of the country, exceeded the
months of this year. inflation rate of the country in January, 2022 and
remained above it till June, 2022 and almost equal
In Jharkhand, the prices of 'fuel and light' and
to it thereafter.
'clothing and footwear' have increased very sharply
3 The Reserve Bank of India under the new monetary policy framework aimed to bring retail inflation below 6% by
January 2016. The target for all the subsequent years was fixed at four per cent with a band of (+/-) 2 per cent.
4 Inflation rate is measured as change in CPI (combined) of the month in comparison to the same month last year. For
example the rate of inflation in November, 2022 is a change in CPI of this month over that of November, 2021.
21
Figure 1.11: Rate of Inflation in Jharkhand and India
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Jun-21
Jun-22
Mar-22
Jan-22
Dec-21
Dec-22
Apr-22
May-22
Sep-21
Feb-22
Sep-22
Jul-21
Jul-22
Oct-21
Oct-22
Aug-21
Nov-21
Aug-22
Nov-22
Jharkhand All India
Source: MoSPI, GoI
Figure 1.12: Rate of Inflation in Jharkhand Commodity Group Wise.
25
20
15
10
0
Jun-21
Jun-22
Mar-22
Jan-22
Dec-21
Dec-22
Apr-22
May-22
Sep-21
Feb-22
Sep-22
Jul-21
Jul-22
Oct-21
Oct-22
Aug-21
Nov-21
Aug-22
Nov-22
-5
Inflation Rate Clothing & Footwear Housing
Miscellaneous Food & Beverages Fuel & Light
Source: MoSPI, GoI
22
Table 1.9: Rate of Inflation in Jharkhand and India
Year January February March April May June July August September October
2020 Jharkhand 6.96 6.29 5.35 5.9 6.54 5.95 7.56 7.93
All India 7.59 6.58 5.84 6.23 6.73 6.69 7.27 7.61
2021 Jharkhand 1.97 2.66 3.47 4.26 4.13 4.39 2.6 2.68
All India 4.06 5.03 5.52 4.23 6.3 6.26 5.59 5.3 4.35 4.48
2022 Jharkhand 6.19 6.99 7.49 7.73 7.51 6.86 5.65 6.24 7.22 6.73
All India 6.01 6.07 6.95 7.79 7.04 7.01 6.71 7.0 7.41 6.77
Note: Data for April and May 2020 are not available for Jharkhand and India and for April and May 2021 are not available for
Jharkhand.
Source: MoSPI, GoI
Table 1.10: Rate of Inflation in Jharkhand Commodity Group Wise

Jun- Jul- Aug- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec-
Sep-21 Oct-21
21 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22
Inflation
4.26 4.13 4.39 2.6 2.68 2.59 3.95 6.19 6.99 7.49 7.73 7.51 6.86 5.65 6.24 7.22 6.73 5.52 5.98
Rate
Food &
4.33 3.5 2.43 -0.62 -1.03 -0.96 1.86 6.25 7.16 8.44 7.55 7.37 6.19 4.26 5.75 7.78 7.29 4.82 3.84
Beverages
Fuel & Light 9.7 9.54 12.46 12.5 14.96 14.64 12.84 12.86 14.08 11.63 12.46 12.32 12.63 12.53 13.18 12.0 9.71 10.98 20.75
Clothing &
4.43 5.09 5.73 6.74 5.96 7.6 7.13 7.48 7.64 8.67 9.44 8.69 8.96 9.69 9.94 9.44 9.32 9.03 9.26
Footwear
Housing 2.79 2.18 2.27 2.27 3.75 3.48 3.27 2.8 2.56 2.62 3.84 4.94 2.97 3.3 3.26 3.13 2.35 2.16 2.34
Miscellane-
4.58 5.61 7.82 6.89 7.2 6 5.71 5.54 5.33 5.36 7.15 7.13 6.61 5.25 4.65 4.77 4.87 4.86 5.03
ous
Source: MoSPI, GoI
Poverty in Jharkhand
The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), as 1/3rd weight to each of them. Within each dimension,
calculated by the NITI Aayog, is a composite index each indicator has been assigned an equal weight.
of 12 indicators of deprivation of the people. These Thus, nutrition has been assigned 1/6th weight and
12 indicators are nutrition, child and adolescent ‘child and adolescent mortality’ and ‘maternal health’
mortality, maternal health, years of schooling, school together have been assigned 1/6th weight i.e. 1/12th
attendance, access to cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking to each of them; ‘years of schooling’ and ‘school
water, electricity, housing, assets and bank account. attendance’ have been assigned 1/6th weight each;
They are related with the three most important and each of the indicators of ‘access to cooking fuel’,
dimensions of human life – health, education and ‘sanitation’, ‘drinking water’, ‘electricity’, ‘housing’,
standard of living. The first three indicators are ‘assets and bank account’ have been assigned 1/21
related to health, the next two relates to education and weights. The data provided by the National Family
the last seven pertains to the standard of living. The Health Survey (NFHS) are used for calculation of the
three dimensions have been assigned equal weights – multidimensional poverty.
23
MPI
Health Education Standard

of Living
Nutrition Child and Years of Cooking Sanitation Drinking Electricity Housing Asset Bank
1/6 maternal Schooling Fuel 1/21 1/21 Water1/21 1/21 1/21 1/21 Account
Health 1/6 1/6 1/21
Child & School

Adolescent Attendance
Mortality 1/6
1/12
Maternal
Health 1/12
Last year the NITI Aayog published the ‘National Bharat Mission’. The coverage of schooling and
Multidimensional Poverty Index Baseline Report305’ health care facilities has also increased in the
in which 42.16 per cent of the people in the state last five years. The indicators of ‘access to safe
were found to be poor (the head count poverty). The drinking water’ and ‘electricity’ have also shown
percentage of multi-dimensional poor was found to an improvement. The ICDS, Mid-Day Meal
be 50.93 per cent in the rural areas and 15.26 per and National Nutrition Mission have led to an
cent in the urban areas. The intensity of poverty in improvement of the nutritional status of the children
the state was 47.91 per cent i.e. 48.27 per cent in in the state. Thus, the ‘Multidimensional Poverty
the rural areas and 44.24 per cent in the urban areas. Index Report’ based on the data of NFHS-V, has
The Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (the product shown reduction in multi-dimensional poverty of
of head count ratio and the intensity of poverty) of the state in the last four years.
the state was, thus, 0.202 i.e. 0.246 in the rural areas
The head count ratio of poverty in Jharkhand
and 0.067 in the urban areas. These calculations
decreased by about 13 per cent (5.6 percentage
were based on the fourth round of NFHS (NFHS-
points) between the years 2015-16 and 2019-21,
IV) conducted during the year 2015-16.
i.e., between the fourth and fifth rounds of NFHS.
A lot of progress, however, has been made after the The head count ratio of poverty in the rural areas
data for the fourth round of NFHS were released on decreased by about 17 per cent (8.7 percentage
the basis of which this base line report of MPI has points) and in urban area by about 27 per cent (4.2
been prepared. A large number of families in the percentage points) in this period. The intensity of
state have been given gas cylinders under the scheme poverty in the state has also decreased by 8.6 per
of Ujjwala Yojana. The government of Jharkhand cent (4.1 percentage points). In the rural areas of the
has given double cylinders to the beneficiaries of state, it decreased by 10.2 per cent (4.9 percentage
this scheme. The problem of housing for the poor points) and in urban area by 6.2 per cent (2.7
families has been resolved through the ‘PM Aawas percentage points) during this period.
Yojana’ and that of sanitation through the ‘Swachh
5 It has been prepared in collaboration with the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and the
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), using the NFHS-4 data.
24
Table 1.11: Multi-dimensional Poverty in Jharkhand
Rural Urban Total

Dimensions
2015-16 2019-21 2015-16 2019-21 2015-16 2019-21
Multidimensional Poverty Index

0.246 0.183 0.067 0.046 0.202 0.160
(MPI)
Multidimensional Head Count Ratio

50.93 42.2 15.26 11.1 42.16 36.6
(H) %
The Intensity of Poverty (A) % 48.27 43.36 44.24 41.5 47.91 43.8
Source: For 2015-16, NITI Aayog, National Multidimensional Poverty Index, Base Line Report (Based on NFHS-IV). Calculation for
2019-21 based on the NFHS-V using the same method.
Conclusion
The real GSDP of Jharkhand which has mostly was 38.5 per cent which grew to 44.6 per cent in the
grown at a steady rate till the year 2018-19 suffered a year 2021-22. The share of the secondary sector has
setback in the year 2019-20 because of the economic remained the same while that of the primary sector
slowdown and in the year 2020-21 because of has decreased over the years.
COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent lockdown.
In Jharkhand, the inflation rate remained within the rate
The economy, however, has recovered since then.
stipulated in the ‘New Monetary Policy Framework’
Despite the second and third waves of COVID, the
throughout the year 2021 but it surpassed this level
real GSDP of the state grew at the rate of 8.2 per cent
in the year 2022. The rate of inflation remained high
in the year 2021-22 and is estimated to grow by 7.8
throughout the year 2022, from January 2022 to
per cent in the current financial year and 7.4 per cent
October 2022 it remained above 6 per cent, the RBI’s
in the next financial year.
stipulated upper limit, and has remained marginally
Among the three major sectors of the state’s economy, below 6 per cent in last two months of this year.
the tertiary sector has grown at the fastest rate.
Poverty in the state has decreased over the years. In
Between 2011-12 and 2021-22, this sector grew at the
the year 2015-16 (NFHS-IV), 42.16 per cent of the
average annual rate of 5.8 per cent while the primary
people in the state were found to be multi-dimensional
and the secondary sectors grew at the average annual
poor (the head count poverty) i.e., 50.93 per cent
rate of 1.9 per cent and 4.3 per cent respectively. In
people in the rural areas and 15.26 per cent people in
the year 2019-20, while the value of the output of
the urban areas. The improvement in the indicators
the tertiary sector grew at the rate of 6.7 per cent,
of health and education and that in the standard of
that of the primary sector grew by 0.2 and that of the
living of the people caused a fall in the incidence of
secondary sectors contracted 5.3 per cent. In the year
poverty in Jharkhand. The head count ratio of poverty
2020-21, the output of the tertiary sector contracted
in Jharkhand decreased by about 13 per cent between
by 8.7 per cent and that of the secondary sector by 2.3
the years 2015-16 and 2019-21. The head count ratio
per cent while that of the primary sector contracted
of poverty in the rural areas decreased by about 17
by 3.8 per cent. The tertiary sector has not only been
per cent and in urban area by about 27 per cent in this
the major contributor to the GSVA of the state but
period. The intensity of poverty in the state has also
its share in it has also increased over the years. In
decreased during this period.
the year 2011-12, its share in the GSVA of the state
25
Chapter 2
Fiscal Development and State Finances
27
Since the last two years, the fiscal situation of the receipts of the state had increased by about 24 per
state has recovered from the shocks of COVID-19. cent in the year 2021-22 and is estimated to increase
During the financial year 2020-21, when COVID-19 by about 19 per cent in the current financial year. The
and consequent countrywide lockdown had caused total expenditure of the state had increased by about
contraction in the economic activity of the state, the 10 per cent in the year 2021-22 and is estimated to
revenue receipts of the state had contracted by about increase by about 30 per cent in the current financial
4 per cent, the tax revenue by about 2 per cent and year (2022-23 BE).
the non-tax revenue by about 7 per cent. The revenue
Size of the Budget

In the last 22 years, i.e., between the financial years Commission (FC) (between 2001-02 and 2004-05), at
(FY) 2001-02 and 2021-22, the size of the actual budget the rate of 7.7 per cent during the period of the 12th FC
of Jharkhand has increased by about 13 times. In the FY (between 2005-06 and 2009-10), at the rate of 15.9 per
2001-02, the first financial year (FY) after the formation cent during the period of the 13th FC (between 2010-11 and
of the state, the size of the budget was about six thousand 2014-15), at the rate of 6.8 per cent during the period of the
crores rupees only, however, by the FY 2021-22 it grew to 14th FC (between 2015-16 and 2019-20) and at the rate of
about seventy-eight thousand crores rupees - at an average 4.4 per cent and 5.4 per cent in the two years following the
annual rate of 13.6 per cent. It grew at an average annual end of the 14th FC.
rate of 16.9 per cent during the period of the 11th Finance
Table 2.1: The Size of the budget over the Years

Size of Budget GSDP at Current Budget as a per- Annual Growth Rate in budget
Year
(In Rs. Crores) prices# centage of GSDP Size (CAGR)
2001-02 6066.96 35069 17.30 16.9 (Between 2001-02 and
2004-05 9688.02 59758 16.21 2004-05)
2005-06 14357.77 60900 23.58 7.7 (Between 2005-06 and 2009-

2009-10 19341.47 100621 19.22 10)
2010-11 22216.03 127281 17.45 15.9 (Between 2010-11 and

2014-15 40041.50 218525 18.32 2014-15)
2015-16 54437.27 206613 26.35 6.8(Between 2015-16 and 2019-

2019-20 70732.17 310305 22.79 20)
2020-21 73853.84 300716 24.56 4.4 (2019-20 & 2020-21)

2021-22 77864.87 343178 22.69 5.4 (2020-21 & 2021-22)
Source: The Department of Finance, GoJ and MoSPI, GoI. https://mospi.gov.in/
#GSDP at current prices for the year 2001-02 has been taken from its 1999-2000 series, for the years 2004-05, 2009-10 and
2010-11 have been taken from its 2004-05 series and from 2014-15 onward has been taken from its 2011-12 series. The change
in base years causes changes in the weights and methods of calculation, therefore, they are not perfectly comparable.
The size of the budget of the state was about 17 while the nominal GSDP of the state had increased
per cent of the nominal GSDP in the year 2001-02. only by 1.9 per cent in the year 2005-06. As a result,
Except for the first year of the award period of the the size of the budget became 23.6 per cent of the
12th FC (2005-06), it remained less than 20 per cent nominal GSDP. Similarly, in the year 2015-16, the
throughout the period of the 12th and 13th Finance size of the budget increased by 36 per cent while
Commissions (FCs). It became 26.3 per cent of the the nominal GSDP contracted by 5.5 per cent. As a
GSDP in the year 2015-16, the first year of the 14th result, the size of the budget became more than 26 per
FC and has remained above 20 per cent since then. cent of the nominal GSDP.
The size of the budget increased by 48.2 per cent
29
Figure 2.1: The Rate of Growth in the Size of the Budget and the Budget Size as a percentage of
Nominal GSDP over the Years
Source: Calculated from the data provided by the Department of Finance, GoJ
Receipts of the State

The total receipt of the state consists of revenue and average annual rate of 3.5 per cent during this period.
the capital receipts. The revenue receipt constitutes The period from 2015-16 to 2021-22 consists of the
more than three –fourths of the total receipts of the five years of the award period of the 14th finance
state. The total receipt of the state has increased at an commission (2015-16 to 2019-20), the period of the
average annual rate of 6.8 per cent between the years interim report of the 15th FC (2020-21) and the first
2015-16 and 2021-22. While the revenue receipt of year of the award period of 15th FC (2021-22 to 2025
the state has increased at an average annual rate of to 26).
9.4 per cent, the capital receipt has decreased at the
Revenue Receipts of Jharkhand

The revenue-receipts of the state consist of the tax this period. The state’s own tax revenue grew at an
and the non-tax receipts. Part of the tax receipts of average annual rate of 10.8 per cent and the share
the state comes from the centre in the form of a share in the central taxes grew at an average annual rate
in central taxes and a part of it is raised within the of 9.6 per cent. The state’s own non-tax revenue has
state from its own taxes. Similarly, part of the non-tax grown at an average annual rate of 9.4 per cent and
revenue comes from the centre in the form of grants- the grants-in-aid from the centre have grown at an
in-aid and part of it is its own non-tax revenue. The average annual rate of 6.4 per cent during this period.
total revenue receipt of Jharkhand has grown by 72 It thus seems that on an average, the state’s own
per cent in the last seven years. It was 40638 crore resource from the tax and non-tax sources has grown
rupees in the year 2015-16 which grew to 69722 faster than the transfers from the centre (in the form
crore rupees by the financial year 2021-22. Thus, of grants-in aid and devolution) during this period.
it has grown at an average annual rate of 9.4 per
Between the financial years 2014-15 and 2018-19,
cent. The tax revenue receipt of the state has grown
the total revenue-collection of the state grew at an
at an average annual rate (CAGR) of 10.1 per cent
average annual rate of 15.5 per cent; the tax revenue
and the non-tax revenue receipts by 7.8 per cent in
grew at an average annual rate of 18.2 per cent and
30
the non-tax revenue by 10.5 per cent. In the non-tax In the year 2020-21, when the economic activities of
revenue, the state’s own non-tax revenue increased the state were disrupted because of the COVID-19
at the average annual rate of 17.5 per cent and the pandemic and the consequent lockdown, the total
grants-in-aid at the rate of 5.7 per cent per annum revenue-receipts of the state contracted by 3.9 per
during this period. In the tax revenue, while the state’s cent; the tax revenue contracted by 2.1 per cent
own tax revenue increased at the average annual rate and the non-tax revenue receipts by 7.1 per cent.
of 9.3 per cent, the share in central taxes increased at However, the economy and consequently the revenue
the rate of 26 per cent per annum in this period. receipt of the state has recovered in the subsequent
years. Some of the economic activities of the state
On the recommendation of the 14th Finance
were partially disrupted during the first quarter of the
Commission the vertical devolution to the states
financial year 2021-22 because of the second wave
had increased to 42 per cent from 32 per cent
of the COVID-19 pandemic but it resumed in the
recommended by the previous finance commission.
latter part of the year. In comparison to the previous
Jharkhand’s share in the divisible pool also increased
year, the total revenue receipt of the state increased
to 3.139 per cent from 2.802 per cent recommended by
by 24.2 per cent; the tax revenue increased by 34 per
the previous FC. As a result, Jharkhand’s share in the
cent and the non-tax revenue by 5.8 per cent. Within
central taxes increased significantly. In comparison
the tax revenue, the state’s share in the central taxes
to the 2014-15, the terminal year of the 13th FC,
increased by 40.7 per cent and the state’s own taxes
Jharkhand’s share in the central taxes increased by
increased by 26.1 per cent. In the segment of the non-
68 per cent in 2015-16, the first year of the 14th FC.
tax revenue, while the state’s own non-tax revenue
The growth in the state’s share in central taxes has
increased by 32.6 per cent the grants in aid from the
been the major contributor to the growth in revenue
centre contracted by 11.1 per cent.
receipt of Jharkhand during this period.
In the current financial year (2022-23), the total
In the year 2019-20, the year of economic slowdown,
revenue receipt is estimated (Budget Estimate) to be
the total revenue-receipts of the state grew by 4 per
83025.16 crore rupees which is 19.1 per cent more
cent only; the tax revenue contracted by 3.3 per cent
than the total revenue receipts of the previous year. The
but the non-tax revenue-receipts increased by 20.3 per
tax revenue receipt is estimated to be 51856.58 crore
cent. The tax revenue of the state decreased this year
rupees and the non-tax revenue receipt is estimated
because of 13.9 per cent contraction in state’s share
to be 31168.58 crore rupees in the current financial
in the central taxes, while the state’s own tax-revenue
year. While the tax revenue this year (2022-23 BE)
had increased by 13.6 per cent during this year. Within
is estimated to be 5.8 per cent, the non-tax revenue is
the non-tax revenue of the state, state’s own non-tax
50.6 per cent higher than those of the previous year.
revenue increased by 6 per cent and the grants-in-aid by
The state’s own tax revenue is estimated to be 16.7
33.2 per cent. This excessive increase in the grants-in-
per cent higher than that of the previous year. The
aid from the centre was because of a sharp decline in it
state’s own non-tax revenue is estimated to be 37.2
in the year 2018-19. Therefore, if compared to the year
per cent and the grants-in-aid is estimated to be 63.2
2016-17, in the year 2019-20 the grants-in-aid from the
per cent higher than those of the previous year.
centre to the state had increased by 7.8 per cent only.
Table 2.2: Revenue Receipts of the state in ₹ Crores
CAGR
2022-23
Particulars 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 (15-16 to
(BE)
20-21)
State’s Own Tax

11478.95 13299.25 12353.43 14752.04 16771.45 16880.08
Revenue 21289.6 24850.0 10.8
Share in Central
15968.75 19141.92 21143.64 23906.16 20593.04 19712.23
Taxes 27734.65 27006.58 9.6
31
CAGR
2022-23
Particulars 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 (15-16 to
(BE)
20-21)
Total Tax Rev-

27447.7 32441.2 33497.07 38658.2 37364.5 36592.3 49024.26 51856.58 10.1
enue
State’s Own
Non-Tax Rev- 5853.01 5351.41 7846.67 8257.98 8749.98 7564.01 10030.75 13762.84 9.4
enue
Grants-in-Aid
7337.64 9261.35 11412.29 9235.52 12302.67 11993.41 10666.85 17891.48 6.4
from GoI
Total Non-Tax
13190.65 14612.76 19258.96 17493.50 21052.65 19557.42 20697.60 31168.58 7.8
Revenue
Total Revenue 40638.4 47053.9 52756.03 56151.70 58417.14 56149.73

69721.86 83025.16 9.4
Receipt
Total Capital
13798.92 12308.75 14949.92 9736.44 12315.03 17704.11 11131.60 18075.84 -3.5
Receipts
Total Receipts 54437.27 59362.68 67705.95 65888.14 70732.17 73853.84 80853.46 101101 6.8
Note: Figures in parentheses show the percentage growth from the previous years.
Source: The Department of Finance, GoJ
Figure 2.2: Growth in the Revenue Receipts of the state over the years
Source: Computed by the author from the data provided by the Department of Finance, GoJ
32
Revenue Receipts of Jharkhand as a Percentage of its Nominal GSDP
The total receipt of the state has remained more than the devolution from the centre to Jharkhand in this
20 per cent of the nominal GSDP of the state during period because of increase in the vertical share of the
the period form 2015-16 to 2021-22. The total revenue states as per the recommendation of the 14th and 15th
receipt of the state remained more than 18 per cent of Finance Commissions and in the horizontal share of
the nominal GSDP of the state during this period. The Jharkhand because of the modification in the formula
total tax revenue remained more than 12 per cent and the for the inter se transfer to the states by these two
non-tax revenue more than 5.6 per cent of the nominal finance commissions. As a result of the favourable
GSDP of the state during this period. In comparison to recommendations of the finance commissions,
the previous year, there has been a substantial increase Jharkhand’s share in central taxes increased from 4.3
in the revenue receipts of the state in the year 2015-16, per cent of its GSDP in the year 2013-14 to 7.7 per
especially in the tax revenue. While the tax revenue of cent of it in the year 2015-16. Jharkhand’s share in
the state was only 9.1 per cent of the nominal GSDP central taxes increased to 8.1 per cent of the GSDP in
of the state in the year 2014-15, it increased to 13.3 per the year 2016-17 and remained at 7.8 percent in the
cent of the GSDP in the year 2015-16 and 13.7 per cent years 2017-18 and 2018-19. When the devolution to
in the year 2016-17. It remained between 12 and 13 the state decreased because of economic slowdown
per cent between the years 2017-18 and 2020-21 and in the year 2019-20 and also because of the pandemic
exceeded by 14 per cent of the nominal GSDP of the and lockdown in the year 2020-21, the state’s share
state in the year 2021-22. in central taxes remained 6.6 per cent of its GSDP.
However, it increased to 8.1 per cent when the
The main reason for the increase in the tax revenue
economy recovered.
of the state during this period has been an increase in
Figure 2.3: Revenue and total Receipts of the state as a Percentage of GSDP
24.6 23.6
The Composition of the Revenue Receipts of the State

The tax revenue is the most important component of 22, its contribution to the total tax revenue varied
the total revenue receipts of Jharkhand. It constituted between 63.5 per cent and 70.3 per cent. Between
more than 60 per cent of the total revenue receipts the years 2014-15 and 2018-19, the tax revenue
of the state. Between the period 2015-16 and 2021- increased at the rate higher than the non-tax revenue.
33
As a result, the share of tax revenue increased in the received from the centre in the form of share in
total revenue receipts of the state in this period. In the central taxes and grants-in-aid. While the share of
year 2019-20 and 2020-21, the share of tax revenue state’s own revenue receipts decreased, the transfer
in the total revenue receipts decreased but increased from the centre increased between the years 2015-16
again in the year 2021-22. and 2018-19. However, since the year 2019-20, the
share of transfer from the centre has decreased and
In Jharkhand in the year 2015-16, 42.6 per cent of
that of the state’s own resources has increased in the
the revenue receipt was raised within the state from
total revenue receipt of the state.
its tax and non-tax sources and 57.4 per cent was
Table 2.3: Composition of the Revenue Receipts of the state
2022-23
Particulars 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
(BE)
Total Tax Revenue 67.5 68.9 63.5 68.8 64.0 65.2 70.3 62.5
Total Non-Tax
32.5 31.1 36.5 31.2 36.0 34.8 29.7 37.5
Revenue
Own Resources of
42.6 39.6 38.3 41.0 43.7 43.5 44.9 46.2
the state
Transfers from the

57.4 60.4 61.7 59.0 56.3 56.5 55.1 53.8
Centre
The reason for decrease in the share of transfers from an average annual rate (CAGR) of 11.7 per cent. In
the centre is decline in the state’s share in the central the year 2020-21, the nominal GDP of the country
taxes. The state received about 24 thousand crore contracted by 1.4 per cent (1st Revised Estimate). With
rupees as a share in central taxes in the year 2018-19 the recovery of its economic condition the nominal
but it declined by about 14 per cent in the year 2019- GDP of the country increased by 19.5 per cent in the
20 and by about 4 per cent in the year 2020-21. The year 2021-22 (PE). As a result, the collection from
state received less than 20 thousand crore rupees in central taxes and the centre’s devolution to the state
the year 2020-21. The share of central devolution to also increased in the year 2021-22.
state’s total revenue receipts decreased from 42.6 per
The proportion of cess and surcharge which is not
cent to about 35 per cent in the years 2019-20 and
divisible among the states, has also increased over
2020-21. The state’s share in central taxes increased
a period. Over the years, the union government has
in the year 2021-22 by about 41 per cent, as a result
made use of cesses and surcharges as an additional
of which in comparison to the previous two years its
revenue-mobilisation-measure. Their share as
contribution to the total revenue receipt of the state
percentage of gross tax revenue has more than
increased but remained less than 40 per cent of it.
doubled between the years 2010-11 and 2021-22.
This decline in Jharkhand’s share in the central taxes Though the 14th finance commission (2015-2020)
after 2018-19 has been because of the fall in the recommended an increase in the vertical devolution
collection of central taxes caused by the slow growth from 32 per cent to 42 per cent of the net tax
of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and revenue, and the 15th finance commission (2021-
an increase in cess and surcharge on union taxes. 2026) recommended the devolution to 41 per cent,
The nominal GDP of the country grew by 6.2 per the devolution to states as percentage of gross tax
cent only in the year 2019-20 (2nd Revised Estimate) revenue remained considerably low because of an
while between 2011-12 and 2018-19 it had grown at increase in the cess and surcharge by the centre.
34
Figure 2.4: Composition of the Revenue Receipts of the State
State’s Own Taxes: The state’s own tax revenue grew slowdown, and decreased by 1.8 per cent in 2020-
at an average annual rate of 10.8 per cent between 21, the year of the pandemic and lockdown. In the
2015-16 and 2021-22. It is estimated to grow by 16.7 current financial year [2022-23 (BE)], it is estimated
per cent in the current financial year [2022-23 (BE)]. to increase by 15.3 per cent.
Except for the year 2017-18 when it decreased by 7.1
Excise and transport are the other two important
per cent, in all other years in this period, the state’s
sources of the state’s own tax revenue. The collection
own tax revenue has increased. Even the economic
from excise duty which was less than one thousand
slowdown of the year 2019-20 and the COVID-19
crore rupees till the year 2017-18, surpassed this
pandemic did not affect the revenue-collection of the
amount thereafter. It grew to 1082.8 crore rupees in
state as much as it affected its share in the central
the year 2018-19 and 2009.3 crore rupees in the year
taxes. While the share in the central taxes contracted
2019-20. Collections from this source have remained
in both these years, its own tax revenue increased by
slightly less than two thousand crore rupees in the
13.7 per cent in the year 2019-20 and by 0.6 per cent
last two years (about eighteen hundred crore rupees
in the year 2020-21.
in the years 2020-21 and 2021-22) but it is estimated
The commercial tax is the main source of the state’s to be twenty-five hundred crore rupees in the current
own tax revenue. It constituted more than 80 per cent financial year (2022-23 BE). It grew at an average
of the own tax revenue of the state between 2015- annual rate of 12.1 per cent between the years
16 and 2018-19. In the last three years (2019-20 to 2015-16 and 2021-22. This year (2022-23 BE) it is
2021-22), the revenue-collection from this source has estimated to grow by 38.4 per cent.
grown at a rate slower than the other sources of its
The share of excise duty in the state’s own tax revenue
own tax revenue. As a result, its share in the state’s
which was 7.9 per cent in the year 2015-16 decreased
total own tax revenue has declined but has remained
till the year 2018-19. Its share in the state’s own tax
above 70 per cent. However, except for the three
revenue increased to 12 per cent in the year 2019-20
years viz 2017-18, 2019-20 and 2020-21, it recorded
because of an impressive increase in tax-collection
a double-digit growth between the years 2015-16 and
from this source. It is estimated to be 6.6 per cent of
2021-22. The revenue collection from this source had
the state’s own tax revenue in the current financial
declined in the years 2017-18, increased by 6.4 per
year [2022-23 (BE)].
cent only in the FY 2019-20, the year of economic
35
The tax-collection from transport grew at an average rupees till the year 2019-20. The collection from this
annual rate of 12.2 per cent between the years 2015- source has improved significantly since then. The
16 and 2021-22. The revenue from this source had collection from this source has increased by 26.4 per
contracted in the year 2015-16 and grew by mere 7.7 cent in the year 2020-21 and 39.4 per cent in the year
per cent in the year 2016-17. It again contracted in 2021-22. It is expected to grow by 21.5 per cent in
the year 2020-21 because of the pandemic induced the current financial year (2022-23 BE). The share of
lockdown and restriction on mobility. It recorded this tax in the state’s own tax revenue, which was 4.6
a double-digit growth in all the other years of this per cent in the years 2015-16 and 2016-17, remained
period. The collection from this source constituted less than 4 per cent between the years 2017-18 and
5.5 per cent of the state’s own tax revenue in the year 2019-20. Its share in the state’s own tax revenue has
2015-16 and 5.1 per cent in the year 2016-17. Its exceeded 4 per cent since then.
share in the state’s own tax revenue has increased in
The collection from land revenue has remained
subsequent years. It had increased to 6.7 per cent in
a relatively less significant source of state’s own
the year 2019-20, remained at 5.8 per cent in the year
tax revenue. Its contribution to own tax revenue
2020-21 and rose to 5.9 per cent in the year 2021-
remained less than 2 per cent till the year 2017-18. It
22 and is estimated to be 6.6 per cent in the current
has increased to more than 2 per cent since then. The
financial year.
collection from this source has recorded a very high
The collection of revenue from registration has growth in the years 2020-21 and 2021-22, by 158.3
remained less than one thousand crore rupees in the per cent and 85.7 per cent respectively. As a result, it
period from 2015-16 to 2021-22. Except for the year has started contributing to more than 5 per cent to the
2016-17, it did not even exceed six hundred crore state’s tax revenue since 2020-21.
Table 2.4: State’s Own Tax Revenue Receipts in ₹ Crores

2022-23
Particulars 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
(BE)
State’s Own Tax 11479.0 13299.3 12353.4 14752.0 16771.4 16880.1 21289.6 24850
1. Land Revenue 164.4 240.3 156.0 389.4 338.0 872.9 1621.2 1500
2. Excise 912.5 961.7 840.8 1082.8 2009.3 1821.1 1806.6 2500
3. Registration 531.6 607.0 469.3 451.0 560.3 708.1 987.25 1200
4. Transport 632.6 681.5 778.4 863.9 1129.0 976.3 1262.78 1650
5. Commercial Tax 9237.9 10808.8 10108.9 11964.9 12734.9 12501.6 15611.8 18000
Source: The Department of Finance, GoJ.
Table 2.5: Growth in State’s Own Tax Revenue Receipts in ₹ Crores

CAGR
2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2019- 2020- 2021- 2022-23
Particulars 15-16 to
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 (BE)
21-22
State’s Own Tax 10.9 15.9 -7.1 19.4 13.7 0.6 26.1 16.7 10.8
1. Land Revenue 96.9 46.2 -35.1 149.6 -13.2 158.3 85.7 -7.5 46.4
2. Excise 23.3 5.4 -12.6 28.8 85.6 -9.4 -0.8 38.4 12.1
3. Registration 0.2 14.2 -22.7 -3.9 24.2 26.4 39.4 21.5 10.9
4. Transport -4.2 7.7 14.2 11.0 30.7 -13.5 29.3 30.7 12.2
5. Commercial Tax 10.8 17.0 -6.5 18.4 6.4 -1.8 24.9 15.3 9.1
Source: Author’s Calculation
36
Figure 2.5: Composition of the Own Tax Revenue Receipts of the State
Efficiency of Tax Collection

Efficiency of tax-collection is expressed in terms passengers has mostly remained the lowest among all
of the cost of tax collection. Lower the cost of types of taxes of the state. Except for the year 2016-
tax collection, higher is the efficiency of that tax. 17, 2020-21 and 2021-22, it remained less than 1 per
The cost of tax collection or the efficiency of tax cent of the revenue collected from this source in this
collection varies according to the type of tax and for period. From the point of view of revenue collection,
a particular tax it has varied over the period of time. state excise duty has been one of the major sources of
The cost of collection of stamp and registration fee revenue for the state. Its cost of collection has mostly
has remained the highest in the economy. Except varied between 1.5 per cent and 2.4 per cent of the
for the year 2021-22, when the cost of its collection revenue collected from this source.
remained about 2.26 per cent of the revenue collected
The cost of collection of taxes over a period of
from this tax, the cost of collection of this tax has not
time has varied more because of the changes in the
only been more than 3 per cent of it but has kept on
collection of revenue from these sources and less
increasing from the years 2016-17 to 2019-20. The
because of the changes in the expenditure on tax
cost of collection of taxes on vehicles, goods and
collection.
Table 2.6: Cost of Collection of some of the State Taxes
Description 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
1. State Excise
Revenue Collection 962 841 1083 2009 1821 1807
Expenditure on Collection 17 20 22 31 29 27
Cost of tax collection (in per cent) 1.77 2.38 2.03 1.54 1.59 1.49
2. Taxes on Vehicles, Goods and Passengers
37
Description 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
3. Stamp and Registration Fee
Source: Account at a Glance for the year, 2021-22, GoJ
Buoyancy of State’s own Taxes

There is a close relation between the income of an in the year 2017-18 when GST was introduced in the
economy and the revenue collected from its taxes. country which subsumed nine of the state taxes and
It is expected that the revenues from taxes should grew by 0.6 per cent only when many of the business
increase as the economy grows. Tax buoyancy activities were disrupted because of COID-19
measures the responsiveness of the tax revenue to the pandemic and the consequent lockdown. In four out
growth of the economy. It is an indicator to measure of the last seven years, buoyancy of state’s own tax
the efficiency of a tax system. A tax system is called has remained more than 1. It remained excessively
buoyant if the revenue from its taxes grows faster high in the year 2019-20, when the nominal GSDP of
than the growth in its nominal GDP. the state grew by only 1.5 per cent while tax revenue
of the state grew by 13.7 per cent. The buoyancy
The buoyancy of state’s own taxes has remained
of the state’s own taxes remained negative in the
unpredictable in the last seven years because of high
remaining three years. In the year 2015-16, though
volatility in the nominal GSDP of the state. From
the own tax revenue increased by about 11 per cent,
the years 2015-16 to 2021-22, the nominal GSDP of
the nominal GSDP of the state decreased by 5.5 per
Jharkhand had contracted in two years (2015-16 and
cent. In the year 2017-18, the collection from state’s
2020-21) and had increased by mere 1.5 per cent in
own taxes contracted because of the implementation
the year 2019-20. It recorded a double-digit growth
of the GST and in the year 2020-21, due to lockdown.
in the remaining four years. The state’s own tax
The own tax revenue of the state increased by 0.6 per
revenue, on the other hand, recorded a double-digit
cent while the nominal GSDP of the state contracted
growth in five out of the last seven years. It contracted
by 1.3 per cent.
Figure 2.6: Buoyancy of Jharkhand’s Own Taxes
38
Non-Tax Revenue of the State
The non-tax revenue of the state grew at a CAGR tax revenue of Jharkhand. In the years 2015-16 and
of 7.8 per cent from 2015-16 to 2021-22. The state’s 2021-22, its share in non-tax revenue of the state
own non-tax revenue grew at the average annual rate varied between 51.5 per cent and 63.4 per cent. In the
(CAGR) of 9.4 per cent and grants-in-aid from the current financial year, it is estimated to be 55.8 per
government of India by 6.4 per cent in this period. cent of the total non-tax revenue of the state.
grants-in-aid constitutes a major part of the total non-
State’s Own Non-Tax Revenue

The state’s own non-tax revenue was 5853 crore years 2017-18 and 2018-19 but declined during
rupees in the year 2015-16 which constituted 44.4 per the economic slowdown of the year 2019-20 and
cent of its total non-tax revenue. The state’s revenue lockdown in the year 2020-21. They, however, have
from this source declined by 8.6 per cent in the year shown a sign of recovery in the subsequent years.
2016-17, as a result, its share declined to 36.6 per The revenue from this source increased by 32.6 per
cent of the total non-tax revenue of the state. Both, cent in the year 2021-22 and is estimated to further
the collection from this source and its share in the increase by 37.2 per cent in the current financial year
total non-tax revenue of the state improved in the (2022-23 BE).
Table 2.7: The Non-Tax Revenue Receipts of the state in ₹ Crores

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 (BE)
Non-Tax Revenue 13190.65 14612.76 19258.96 17493.50 21052.65 19557.42 20697.60 31168.58
1. Mines 4384.40 4094.30 5941.40 5934.60 5461.40 5012.50 7535.00 9680.00
2. Others 1468.60 1257.10 1905.30 2323.40 3288.60 2551.50 2495.74 4082.84
Own Non-Tax Revenue 5853.01 5351.41 7846.67 8257.98 8749.98 7564.01 10030.75 13762.84
3. Grants-in-Aid
7337.64 9261.35 11412.29 9235.52 12302.67 11993.41 10666.85 17405.74
(GOI),
Figure 2.7: The Non-Tax Revenue Receipts of the state in ₹ Crores
39
State’s other own non-tax Revenue
The state’s other own non-tax sources of revenue and welfare etc., general services like public works,
include non-tax receipts from interest, dividend and supplies and disposal, stationery and printing, public
profit and also general, fiscal, social and economic service commission, police, jail, other administrative
services. Revenue from mines, which is part of the non- services etc. and fiscal services. The state’s own non-
tax revenue collected from the economic services, is tax revenue has increased at an average annual rate of
the major non-tax revenue of Jharkhand. Except for the 9.4 per cent from the years 2015-16 to 2021-22. After a
years of economic slowdown (2019-20) and lockdown decline in the year 2016-17, it had shown a rising trend
(2020-21) more than two thirds of the state’s own non- from the years 2017-18 to 2019-20. It contracted in the
tax revenue came from this source. In the years 2016- year 2020-21 because of the impact of COVID-19 and
17, 2017-18 and 2021-22, more than three-fourths of the lockdown but has recovered since then. It recorded
the state’s non-tax revenue came from this source. an annual growth of 32.6 per cent in the year 2021-
22. Economic services have been the main drivers of
The state’s own non-tax receipts from economic
growth in the state’s own non-tax revenue. The non-
services, apart from mines, include revenue from
tax revenue from this source is not only the major
major, medium and minor irrigation, crop husbandry,
constituent of the state’s non-tax revenue but has been
animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry and wildlife,
growing at a faster rate. It grew at an average annual
road transport, tourism, cooperation, village, small
rate of 10.8 per cent in this period. The revenue from
and other industries. Besides economic services, the
mines grew at an average annual rate of 9.4 per cent
state gets non-tax revenue from social services like
and that from other economic services at the rate of
education, health, water and sanitation, housing, urban
24.6 per cent in this period.
development, labour and employment, social security
Table 2.8: State’s Own Non-Tax Revenue

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Own Non-Tax Revenues 5853.01 5351.41 7846.67 8257.98 8749.98 7564.01 10030.75
Interest Receipts, Dividends and Profits 122.40 121.30 168.9 47.2 309.5 96.36 95.53
Fiscal Services. 0.00 0.00 0.1 0 0.0 0
General Services 623.00 466.10 384.7 194.3 280.0 390.67 693.33
Social Services 406.00 368.20 673.5 1211.4 1268.5 656.1 520.42
Economic Services 4701.10 4395.80 6619.9 6804.9 6890.0 6420.87 8721.43
Of which Mines 4384.40 4094.30 5941.4 5934.6 5461.4 5012.5 7535.00
Figure 2.8: State’s Own Non-Tax Revenue
40
Except for the year 2019-20, when the state suffered from this source constituting more than 14 per cent
from economic slowdown, the revenue from of own non-tax revenue of the state.
economic services constituted more than 80 per cent
General services contributed more than 10 per cent
of the state’s own non-tax revenue. ‘Interest receipts,
to the own non-tax revenue of the state in the year
dividends and profit’ have remained an insignificant
2015-16. It, however, started declining thereafter,
source of non-tax revenue for the state. In some of
till it reached 2.3 per cent in the year 2018-19. It has
the years, its contribution to the state’s own non-tax
started improving since then and has reached to 6.9
revenue has remained less than one per cent. Social
per cent in the year 2021-22.
services contributed more than 5 per cent to the
state’s own non-tax revenue in the period of 2015-16
to 2021-22. In the years 2018-19 and 2019-20, more
than 12 thousand rupees of revenue was generated
Figure 2. 9: Composition of State’s Own Non-Tax Revenue
Source: Author’s Calculation, The Department of Finance, GoJ.
Grant-in-Aid from GoI: The Grants-In-Aid from and 2019-20, it grew at an average annual rate of 13.8
the government of India is a major component of the per cent, it contracted by 2.5 per cent and 11.1 per
state’s non-tax revenue. It contributes to more than cent respectively in the years 2020-21 and 2021-22.
50 per cent to the total non-tax revenue of the state. In the current financial year, it is estimated to grow
The state received only 7337.6 crore rupees in the by 63.2 per cent.
year 2015-16 but the receipts increased to more than
The grants-in-aid from the government of India
nine thousand crores rupees in 2016-17. Last year
comprises of grants for Centrally Sponsored Schemes
(2021-22) it received an amount of 10666.85 crore
(CSS), Finance Commission (FC) Grants and Transfer
rupees. In the current financial year, it is estimated to
Grants/Grants to State. The grants for the Centrally
receive 17405.74 crore rupees. Thus, while the state’s
Sponsored Schemes is the most prominent form of
own non-tax revenue grew at an average annual rate
Grants-In-Aid of the government. More than half of
of 9.4 per cent, the grants-in-aid grew only at an
the grants-in-aid from the government of India have
average annual rate of 6.4 per cent from the years
come in this form. Grants for CSS constituted 57 per
2015-16 to 2021-22. The low average annual growth
cent of the grants-in-aid in the year 2020-21 and 61.7
in grants-in-aid has been because of the decrease in
per cent in the year 2021-22.
it in the last two years. While from the years 2015-16
41
Figure 2.10: Grants-in-Aid from Government of India
Trend of Grants-in-Aid Composition of Grants-in-Aid
Composition of Grants-in Aid in the FY 2020-21 Composition of Grants-in Aid in the FY 2021-
22
Capital Receipts
The capital receipts of the state government include almost stagnant during the period 2015-16 to 2020-21.
the recoveries of loan, other non-debt capital receipts During this period, it grew at an average annual rate
and borrowing and other liabilities of the government. (CAGR) of 5.1 per cent. In comparison to the previous
Out of them, borrowing and other liabilities, which years, in the financial year 2021-22 it declined by 44.3
include internal debt as well as borrowing from the per cent but is estimated to increase by about 82.9 per
Government of India, is the main source of capital cent in the current financial year (2022-23 BE).
receipts of the state. Its share in total capital recipts of Recoveries of loan constituted an insignificant part
the state has mostly constituted more than 99 per cent of the total capital receipts of the state. However, in
of the total capital receipts of the state. It remained the financial year 2021-22, it made a substantial leap.
42
Table 2.9: The Capital Receipts of the State Government (in Rs. Crores)
2022-23
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
(BE)
Recoveries of Loans 31.06 38.45 42.41 47.57 49.19 48.78 1291.73 75.84
Other Receipts 0.0 0.0 25.09 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Borrowing and
13767.86 12270.30 14882.49 9688.87 12265.84 17655.33 9839.87 18000.00
Other Liabilities
Capital Receipts 13798.92 12308.75 14949.92 9736.44 12315.03 17704.11 11131.60 18075.84
Source: Department of Finance, Government of Jharkhand
Figure 2.11: The Capital Receipts of the State Government (in Rs. Crore)
20000 17704.1 18075.84
18000
16000 14949.9 11131.6
13799 12308.8 12315
14000
17655.3
12000 9736.4
18000
10000 14882.4
13767.9
8000
12270.3 12265.8
6000
4000 9688.9
7885.9
2000
0
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
(BE)
Recoveries of Loans Other Receipts
Borrowing and Other Liabilities Capital Receipts
Expenditure of the State

The total expenditure of the state has increased recovered since then. It grew by 5.4 per cent in the
at the average annual rate (CAGR) of 6.1 per cent year 2021-22 and is estimated to grow by 29.8 per
from 2015-16 to 2021-22. The total expenditure of cent in the year 2022-23 (BE).
the state was about 544 hundred crores rupees in the
The expenditure on interest, salary and pension;
year 2015-16 which increased to about 778 hundred
capital expenditure on establishment; and revenue
crore rupees by 2021-22. In the current financial
expenditure on schemes have grown at a fast rate
year (2022-23 BE), it is estimated to be 101101 crore
in this period (2015-16 to 2022-23). Except for the
rupees. The total expenditure of the state grew at an
salary, all of them recorded a double digit average
impressive rate in the first two years of this period.
annual growth in this period. Salary and pension,
It grew at the rate of 9 per cent and 12.9 per cent
which are the major constituents of the committed
respectively in the years 2015-16 and 2016-17 but
expenditure of the state, increased at a very high rate in
in the following three years (from 2018-19 to 2020-
the year 2017-18 mainly because of their hike caused
21) it remained considerably low. In comparison to
by the implementation of the recommendations of the
their previous years, the total expenditure of the state
7th pay commission. The expenditure on salary had
had contracted in two of these three years i.e., in the
increased by 21.4 per cent and the pension by 42.9
year 2018-19 and 2020-21. The total expenditure
per cent in this financial year.
of the state in the year 2020-21 was only 5 per cent
more than what it was in 2017-18. It, however, has
43
Table 2.10: Expenditure of the GoJ (in ₹ Crores)
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 CAGR
(BE) (15-16 to
21-22)
I. Establishment Ex-
penditure 23150.2 25097.5 31059.7 29822.5 33160.12 33735.03 34915.1 43842 7.1
(i). On Revenue Ac-

count:- 20759.8 22895.4 27952.29 26647.6 28829.7 30893.5 30617.61 37031.81 6.7
(a) Interest Payments 3320.1 4172.3 4661.7 4852 5307.7 6094.3 6286.05 6661.57 11.2
(b) Salary 8177.9 8889 10789.7 12091.4 12782.3 12836.6 13121.73 15943.87 8.2
( c) Pension 3990 4138.4 5913.2 5991.5 6004.6 6796.5 7614.3 8045.38 11.4
(ii). On Capital Account 2390.39 2202.08 3107.44 3174.9 4330.43 2841.57 4297.49 6380.99 10.3
II. Scheme Expenditure 31287.1 34265.2 36646.22 36065.6 37572.05 40118.81 42949.78 57259 5.4
(a) On Revenue Ac-
count 15793 22193.7 22999.78 23983.1 27626.9 28370.1 32160.3 39241.5 12.6
(b) On Capital Account 15494.1 12071.6 13646.44 12082.5 9945.11 11748.68 10789.48 18017.5 -5.9
Total Revenue Expend-
iture 36552.8 45089.1 50952.07 50630.7 56456.6 59263.6 62777.91 76273.31 9.4
Total Capital Expend-

iture 17884.5 14273.7 16753.88 15257.4 14275.51 14590.25 15086.97 24827.7 -2.8
Committed Revenue
Expenditure 15488 17199.7 21364.6 22934.9 24094.6 25727.4 27022.08 30650.82 9.7
Total Expenditure 54437.3 59362.7 67705.95 65888.1 70732.17 73853.84 77864.88 101101 6.1
Table 2.11: The Year-on-Year growth in the Actual Expenditure of the GoJ
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 (BE)
I. Establishment Expenditure 8.4 23.8 -4.0 11.2 1.7 3.5 25.6
(i). On Revenue Account: - 10.3 22.1 -4.7 8.2 7.2 -0.9 20.9
(a) Interest Payments 25.7 11.7 4.1 9.4 14.8 3.1 6.0
(b) Salary 8.7 21.4 12.1 5.7 0.4 2.2 21.5
( c) Pension 3.7 42.9 1.3 0.2 13.2 12.0 5.7
(ii). On Capital Account -7.9 41.1 2.2 36.4 -34.4 51.2 48.5
II. Scheme Expenditure 9.5 6.9 -1.6 4.2 6.8 7.1 33.3
(a) On Revenue Account 40.5 3.6 4.3 15.2 2.7 13.4 22.0
(b) On Capital Account -22.1 13.0 -11.5 -17.7 18.1 -8.2 67.0
Total Revenue Expenditure 23.4 13.0 -0.6 11.5 5.0 5.9 21.5
Total Capital Expenditure -20.2 17.4 -8.9 -6.4 2.2 3.4 64.6
Committed Revenue Expenditure 11.1 24.2 7.4 5.1 6.8 5.0 13.4
Total Expenditure 9.0 12.9 -1.7 7.4 4.4 5.4 29.8
Source: Author’s calculation
44
Composition of Expenditure
The expenditure on schemes constitutes more than Capital expenditure constitutes a significant part of
50 per cent of the total expenditure of the state and the expenditure on schemes. In the year 2015-16, it
that on establishment constitute less than 50 per constituted about 28 per cent of the total expenditure
cent. In the year 2015-16, about 57 per cent of the of the state. It declined in subsequent years. It was
total expenditure was spent on schemes and only about 20 per cent of the total expenditure of the state
the remaining i.e., about 43 per cent was spent on in the years 2016-17 and 2017-18, which further
establishment. The share of schemes in the total declined to about 12 per cent in the years 2019-20
expenditure of the state remained almost the same in and 2021-22. The expenditure on establishment,
the year 2016-17 but declined in subsequent years. on the other hand, has mainly been constituted by
From the years 2017-18 to 2021-22, about 53 per revenue-expenditure. The capital expenditure on
cent of the total expenditure was spent on schemes/ establishment, except for the years 2019-20 and
plans and the remaining 47 per cent on establishment. 2021-22, constituted less than 5 per cent of the total
expenditure of the state.
Figure 2.12: Composition of expenditure
Source: Author’s calculation based on the data provided by the Department of Finance, GoJ.
Establishment Expenditure: Committed The expenditure on capital account, as mentioned

expenditure, which includes payment of salary, in the previous section, has been a less significant
pension and interest, constitutes more than two- part of the establishment-expenditure of the state.
thirds of the establishment expenditure of the state. It constituted about 10 per cent of the establishment
Its share was about 67 per cent of the establishment expenditure of the state in the years 2015-16, 2017-
expenditure in the year 2015-16 and about 69 per cent 18 and 2018-19, remained less than 10 per cent of
each in the years 2016-17 and 2017-18. It increased it in the years 2016-17 and 2020-21. It exceeded by
to about 77 per cent in the year 2018-19 and remained 10 per cent of the establishment-expenditure only
more than 70 per cent thereafter. It is estimated to be in the years 2019-20 and 2021-22 and is estimated
69.9 per cent of the total establishment-expenditure to be 15.5 per cent of it in the current financial year
of the state in the current financial year (2022-23). (2022-23).
45
Figure 2.13: Composition of the Establishment-Expenditure
Source: Author’s calculation based on the data provided by the Department of Finance, GoJ
Within the establishment expenditure, on the other hand, the share of other expenditure among the
revenue account, the share of pension, interest and establishment expenditures has decreased from about
salary has increased and that of the other expenses 23 per cent in the year 2015-16 to about 15 per cent
has decreased over the years. The share of pension, in the year 2020-21 and 9 per cent in the year 2022-
salary and interest were about 17 per cent, 35 per cent 23. In the current financial year (2022-23 BE), it is
and 14 per cent, respectively, in the year 2015-16. estimated to be 14.6 per cent of the establishment
They increased to 21 per cent, 36 per cent and 18 expenditure of the state.
per cent, respectively, in the year 20221-22. On the
Expenditure on Schemes:
The expenditure on schemes grew at an average (2022-23 BE), expenditure on its revenue and capital
annual rate of 5.4 per cent between the years 2015- accounts has been estimated to grow by 21.5 and 64.6
16 and 2021-22. The expenditure on its revenue per cent respectively.
account increased at an average annual rate of 12.6
Due to the difference in the growth of these two
per cent but that on the capital account decreased at
components of the expenditure on scheme, its
an average annual rate of 2.8 per cent in this period.
expenditure on the revenue account has increased
Except for the years 2017-18, 2020-21 and 2021-
and that on the capital account has decreased during
22, in all other years during this period the capital
this period.
expenditure on schemes has contracted in comparison
to their previous years. In the current financial year
46
Figure 2.14: Expenditure and Growth in the Expenditure on Schemes
70000 100
60000 80
Expenditures in Rs. Crores
Growth in Percentage
50000 60
40000 40
30000 20
20000 0
10000 -20
0 -40
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
(BE)
Axis Title
Expenditure on Scheme on Capital Account

Expenditure on Scheme on Revenue Account
Growth in expenditure on Scheme
Growth in expenditure on Scheme on Revenue Account
Growth in expenditure on Scheme on Capital Account
Source: Authors calculation based on the data provided by the Department of Finance, GoJ
Expenditure as a percentage of Nominal GSDP

The total expenditure of the state has remained and interest, was about 7 per cent of its GSDP in
more than 20 per cent of the nominal GSDP of the the year 2015-16 and has remained between about
state during the period from 2015-16 to 2021-22. It 8 and 9 per cent thereafter in this period. This
was about 25 per cent of the GSDP of the state in left the state with sufficient funds for meeting its
the year 2015-16, which increased to 28.7 per cent developmental needs. The expenditure on schemes
in the years 2016-17 but started declining thereafter varied between 12 and 17 per cent of the GSDP of
from 28.4 per cent in the year 2017-18 to 22.7 per the state during this period. The capital expenditure
cent in the year 2020-21. It has started increasing of the state, except for the years 2019-20when the
from the year 2021-22. It increased to 25.9 per economy experienced slowdown and 2020-21 when
cent in the year 2021-22 and is estimated to be 29.5 it was hit by COVID-19, has remained more than 5
per cent of the GSDP in the year 2022-23 (BE). per cent of the GSDP of the state.
The committed revenue expenditure of the state,
which includes the expenditure on salary, pension
47
Figure 2.15: Expenditure as a percentage of Nominal GSDP
35.0
30.0 29.5
28.7 28.4
25.0 24.9 25.9
24.4
23.1 22.7
20.0
15.0
10.0
8.3 9.0 8.5 8.3 9.1 8.9
7.1 7.9
5.0
0.0
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
(BE)
Establishment Expenditure Scheme Expenditure
Total Revenue Expenditure Total Capital Expenditure
Committed Revenue Expenditure Total Expenditrure
Source: Authors calculation based on the data provided by the Department of Finance, GoJ
Deficit position of the state

Jharkhand has mostly been a revenue-surplus state. capital assets in the state.
Except for the year 2020-21, the revenue deficit of
The fiscal deficit which was about 11,522 crore
the state has remained negative during the period of
rupees in the year 2015-16 and 1,0192 crore rupees in
2015-16 to 2021-22. In the year 2020-21, because of
the year 2016-17 increased to 11,931 crore rupees in
the COVID-19 and the consequent lockdown, while
the year 2017-18. It decreased to 6,629 crore rupees
the revenue-expenditure of the state increased by 5
in the year 2018-19 and 8,034 crore rupees in the
per cent, its revenue receipt decreased by about 4 per
year 2019-20. It increased to 14910.5 crore rupees in
cent. As a result, its revenue expenditure exceeded its
the year 2020-21, when the economy was hit by the
revenue receipt by about three thousand crore rupees
COVID-19 pandemic. The fiscal deficit of the state
which is about 1 per cent of the GSDP of the state.
decreased once again in the year 2021-22. It became
The revenue receipts of the state recovered its former 2604 crore rupees this year.
position in the year 2021-22. This year the revenue-
The fiscal deficit of the state had exceeded the
receipts of the state increased by about 24 per cent
FRBM limit of 3 per cent during the three year period
and the revenue-expenditure by about 6 per cent.
from 2015-16 to 2017-18, and then again in 2020-
As a result, the state had a revenue-surplus of about
21. The fiscal deficit in the year 2015-16 was 5.58
7 thousand crore rupees, the highest during this
per cent of the nominal GSDP of the state. A large
period. The state had a revenue surplus of about 4
part of it, however, was because of the loan taken
thousand crore rupees in the year 2015-16 and about
under the UDAY scheme.1 The fiscal deficit of the
2 thousand crores rupees in the years 2016-17 and
year 2015-16 was also within the permissible limit
2019-20. The revenue surplus of the state was 1.8
of the FRBM after deducting the loan taken under
crore rupees in the year 2017-18 and 5.5 crore rupees
the UDAY scheme. After making adjustments for the
in the year 2018-19. The revenue surplus of the state
UDAY loan, the fiscal deficit of the state was only
varied between 0.63 per cent of the GSDP in the year
2.9 per cent of its nominal GSDP this year. The fiscal
2019-20 to 2.02 per cent in the year 2021-22. The
deficit of the state, however, exceeded the FRBM
revenue-surplus has been used for the creation of
1 Rs. 5553.37 crores were taken under the UDAY Scheme in the year 2015-16 which is not to be reckoned against the
normal permissible net borrowing ceiling for 2015-16
48
limits in the next two years, that is, in 2016-17 and GSDP in the year 2020-21. It decreased to 0.76 per
2017-18. The fiscal deficit was 4.31 per cent of the cent of the GSDP in the year 2021-22. In the current
GSDP in the year 2016-17 and 4.42 per cent of the financial year (2022-23 BE) it is estimated to be 2.81
GSDP in the year 2017-18. The fiscal deficit of the per cent of the GSDP. However, the primary deficit,
state, however, became 2.17 per cent of the GSDP in which is fiscal deficit minus the payment of interest,
the year 2018-19 and 2.50 per cent of the GSDP in except for the year 2015-16 has always remained less
the year 2019-20. It increased to 4.70 per cent of the than 3 per cent in the state.
Table 2.12: The budget-deficit-position of Jharkhand (in absolute terms in ₹ Crores)

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 (BE)
Revenue
-4085.5 -1964.9 -1803.96 -5520.96 -1960.51 3113.9 -6943.95 -6751.86
Deficit
% of GSDP -1.98 -0.83 -0.67 -1.81 -0.63 1.04 -2.02 -1.77
Fiscal Deficit 11521.9 10192.4 11932.9 6628.8 8034.4 14910.5 2604.21 11286.47
% of GSDP 5.58 4.31 4.42 2.17 2.59 4.96 0.76 2.96
Primary Deficit 8201.9 6020.2 7271.24 1776.8 2726.7 8816.2 -3681.84 4624.9
% of GSDP 3.97 2.55 2.69 0.58 0.88 2.93 -1.07 1.21
GSDP 206613 236250 269816 305695 310305 300716 343178 381125

Debt and Liabilities of the state

The total liability of the state has exceeded one lakh the public accounts. The public debt, public accounts
crore rupees in the last two years. It was about one lakh and the total liabilities of the state have grown at an
nine thousand crore rupees in the year 2021-22 and average annual rate (CAGR) of about 11 per cent, 19
about one lakh thirteen thousand crore rupees in the per cent and 12 per cent, respectively in the periods
year 2021-22. It was about 56 thousand crore rupees 2015-16 to 2021-22.
five years ago in the year 2015-16. More than 70 per
The public debt of the state is about 25 per cent of the
cent of the total liability of the state is because of the
GSDP and its total liability is about 33 per cent of the
state’s public debt and the rest 30 per cent because of
GSDP of the state.
Table 2.13: Details of the Public Debt and Total Liabilities of the State Government
Year Public Debt Per cent of Public Per cent of Total Per cent of
GSDP Account GSDP Liabilities GSDP
2015-16 45841 22.19 10689 5.17 56530 27.36
2016-17 50845 21.52 15982 6.76 66827 28.29
2017-18 56032 20.77 21063 7.81 77095 28.57
2018-19 60775 19.88 23008 7.53 83783 27.41
2019-20 66137 21.31 28270 9.11 94407 30.42
2020-21 76939 25.59 32246 10.72 109185 36.31
2021-22 82532 24.05 30950 9.02 113482 33.07
49
The deposits of the state, borrowing from the Reserve the ‘Deposits’ constituted not less than 50 per cent
Bank of India and negotiated loans are the major of the gross borrowing between the years 2015-16
components of the total borrowing of the state. and 2021-22. Its share in the gross borrowing was
Except for the years 2015-16 and 2021-22, they have more than 55 per cent between 205-16 and 2018-19
accounted for more than 80 per cent of the gross- but started declining thereafter. Its share in the gross
borrowing of the state. In the year 2015-16, the state borrowing was about 51 per cent in the year 2019-20,
received about 16.4 per cent of its total borrowing in 50 per cent in the year 2020-21, 53 per cent in the
form of Power Bond under the UDAY scheme and in year 2021-22 and is estimated to be 42.5 per cent in
the year 2021-22, the state received additional loan the current financial year (2022-23 BE). The ways
from the government of India in the form of GST and means advances which was discontinued from
loan back-to-back instead of GST compensation and 2014-15 has been started from the current financial
50 years interest free loan for a special scheme for year. The borrowings from the NSSF have been
capital investment. The loan from the government of discontinued from 2016-17 onwards. Funds through
India constituted 12.7 per cent of the total liability power bonds had been raised only once in the year
of the state this year, which before the year 2020-21, 2015-16 under the UDAY scheme.
constituted less than 2 per cent of the total liability of
The share of borrowing from the RBI was about 16
the state.
per cent, that of negotiated loans was about 3 per cent
Over the years, the composition of gross borrowing and that of the GPF provident fund was 2.5 per cent
has not changed much. Except for the deposits, in the year 2015-16; they were about 20 per cent, 6
NSSF and Ways and Means Advances, the other per cent and 5 per cent respectively in the year 2021-
sources of borrowing have mostly maintained their 22. In the current financial year (2022-23 BE) they
share in the gross borrowing in the last seven years. have been estimated to be 31.6 per cent, 10.7 per cent
Except for the budget estimate of the year 2022-23, and 3 per cent respectively.
Figure 2.16: Components of Gross Borrowing (in percentage)
70.0
60.0
50.0
10.7
Percentage
40.0 4.8
3.1 8.8 6.2
30.0 7.6 9.1 5.4
28.9 19.5 31.6
20.0
26.9 23.8 24.8 24.2
10.0 15.8
2.5 4.5 4.0 5.0 3.6 4.6 3.0
0.0 3.8
2015-16* 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
(P) (BE)
GOI Borrowing from RBI Power Bonds/ Bonds Negotiated Loans

NSSF Fund GPF Provident Fund Reserve Funds Deposits
Debt-Sustainability
The state succeeded in keeping its net borrowing, has been less than its borrowing ceiling in the last
which is gross borrowing less repayments. This financial year (2021-22). It is estimated to be below
50
the borrowing ceiling of the state in the current economy has sufficient capacity to pay back its debts
financial year as well. Otherwise, except for the year without incurring further debt. A level of 35 per cent is
2018-19, in all other years during the period from sustainable for any economy. Except for the COVID
2015-16 to 2020-21, the net borrowing of the state year of 2020-21, the debt of Jharkhand has remained
remained more than its borrowing ceiling. In the well within this limit during the period from 2015-16
year 2015-16, the state crossed the borrowing ceiling to 2021-22. It was about 27 per cent of the GSDP in
because of the 5553.37 crore rupees loan taken under the year 2014-15which reached to about 30 per cent
the UDAY scheme. Since the UDAY loan has to be in 2019-20. In the year 2020-21, it reached 36.3 per
excluded for counting in the borrowing ceiling, the cent but declined to 33.1 per cent of the GSDP of the
net borrowing comes to be almost within the limit. state in the year 2021-22.
Though the net borrowing of the state crossed the
The percentage of interest paid to the total revenue-
borrowing ceiling in the years 2016-17 and 2017-18,
receipts of the state indicates the debt-servicing-
it came well within the borrowing ceiling of the state
capacity of a state. Except for the year 2020-21,
in the year 2018-19. In the year 2019-20 it crossed the
when it became 10.9 per cent of the revenue receipts
borrowing ceiling by a very small margin – by about
of the state, the interest-payment of the state has
330 crore rupees or 0.1 per cent of the GSDP but in
remained less than 10 per cent of its revenue receipts
the year 2020-21 it crossed the borrowing ceiling by
since 2015-16. In the current financial year (2022-23
more than 3 thousand crore rupees.
BE), it is estimated to be about 8 per cent of the total
A low debt to the GSDP ratio indicates that the revenue receipts of the state.
Table 2.14: Debt Sustainability and Debt as a percentage of the GSDP

rowing to GSDP
rowing of GSDP
% of Gross Bor-
Borrowing Ceil-
ing (₹ in crores)
Net Borrowing
Gross Borrow-
(₹
% of Net Bor-
% of Interest
GSDP Ratio
(₹ in crores)
(₹ in crores)
Total Debt /
Cumulative
to Revenue
in crores)
receipts
Debt
Year
ing
2015-16* 33843.34 16.4 12961.4 6360 6.3 56530.49 27.4 8.2

2016-17 19192.63 8.1 10296.48 7993 4.4 66826.97 28.3 8.9
2017-18 25205.53 9.3 10268.08 8383.55 3.8 77095.05 28.6 8.8
2018-19 22223.77 7.3 6687.87 8597.95 2.2 83782.92 27.4 8.6
2019-20 30980.35 10 10623.67 10293.77 3.4 94406.59 30.4 9.1
2020-21 32562.62 10.8 14778.39 11505.23 4.9 109185 36.3 10.9
2021-22 25623.41 7.5 4297.5 11505.23 1.3 113482.5 33.1 9.3
2022-23 (BE) 35477.46 12870.69 13124 126353.2 8.0
CAGR (2015-16 &

-0.8 2.7 12.6 14.1
2020-2021)
Growth Rate (2020-
-21.3 -70.9 0.0 3.9
21 & 2021-22)
Growth Rate (2021-
38.5 199.5 14.1 11.3
22 & 2022-23)
Note : * ₹ 5553.37 crores were taken under the UDAY Scheme which is not to be reckoned against the normal permissible net borrow-
ing ceiling for 2015-16. Source: Department of Finance, Government of Jharkhand
51
Table 2.15: Year Wise Debt Position of Jharkhand
(₹ in crores)
Power Ways & GPF
Year Borrowing Negotiated NSSF Reserve Gross Bor- Repayment Net Bor- Borrowing Cumulative
GOI Bonds/ Means Provident Deposits
(Actual) from RBI Loans Fund Funds rowing (-) row-ing Ceiling Debt
Bonds Advances Fund
(2 to 10)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15
= 11
2015-
165.0 5350.0 5553.4 1044.7 0.0 1131.6 830.1 521.7 19246.9 33843.3 20881.9 12961.4 6360.0 56530.5
16*
2016-17 234.3 5154.0 0.0 1693.1 0.0 0.0 872.6 452.9 10785.7 19192.6 8896.2 10296.5 7993.0 66827.0
2017-18 231.6 5999.7 0.0 1905.6 0.0 0.0 1016.4 401.0 15651.3 25205.5 14937.5 10268.1 8383.6 77095.1
2018-19 272.9 5509.0 0.0 2021.5 0.0 0.0 1120.0 421.0 12879.3 22223.8 15535.9 6687.9 8598.0 83782.9
2019-20 426.0 7500.0 0.0 1667.1 0.0 0.0 1175.4 4379.0 15832.8 30980.4 20356.7 10623.7 102393.8 94406.6
2020-21 2588.3 9400.0 0.0 1558.3 0.0 0.0 1179.2 1681.0 16155.9 32562.6 17784.3 14778.4 11505.2 109185.0
2021-22
3245.6 5000.0 0.0 1594.2 0.0 0.0 1172,2 1025.6 13585.7 25623.4 21325.9 4297.5 11505.2 113482.5
(P)
2022-23
3000.0 11200.0 0.0 3800.0 0.0 0.0 1059.3 1348.2 15069.9 35477.5 22606.8 12870.7 13124.0 126353.2
(BE)
Note : * ₹ 5553.37 crores were taken under the UDAY Scheme which is not to be reckoned against the normal permissible net
borrowing ceiling for 2015-16. Source: Department of Finance, Government of Jharkhand
Conclusion
The total size of the budget, which had remained The fiscal deficit of the state has mostly remained
almost stagnant at 70 thousand crore rupees during within the limits set under the FRBM. The fiscal
the economic slowdown of 2019-20 and COVID-19 deficit of the state had remained less than 3 per cent
of 2020-21 has increased by about 10 per cent in the of the nominal GSDP of the state in the years 2018-19
year 2021-22 and is estimated to increase by 30 per and 2019-20. It, however, became about 5 per cent of
cent in the current financial year. the GSDP in the year of 2020-21, when COVID-19
had affected the state and its economy. The state,
The expenditure on schemes constitutes more than
which has mostly remained revenue surplus suffered
50 per cent of the total expenditure of the state and
from revenue-deficit this year. The deficit position of
that on establishment less than 50 per cent. From
the state has improved again. In the year 2021-22, the
the years 2017-18 to 2021-22 about 53 per cent of
fiscal deficit of the state remained less than 1 per cent
the total expenditure was spent on schemes/plans
and the revenue-surplus more than 2 per cent of the
and the remaining 47 per cent on establishment. The
GSDP of the state.
revenue expenditure is the main component of the
total expenditure of the state. It constituted more than Except for the year 2020-21, the debt-GSDP-ratio
four-fifths of the total expenditure of the state in the has remained less than 35 per cent and the interest-
last two years (2020-21 and 2021-22). In the current revenue-receipt ratio less than 10 per cent. For the
financial year also, it is estimated to constitute about last two years, the net borrowing of the state has also
three-fourths of the total expenditure of the state. remained within the borrowing ceiling set for the
The committed revenue expenditure has constituted state. The debt of the state thus, is sustainable.
about one-third of the total expenditure (about three-
fourths of the total establishment expenditure) in the
last two years, leaving sufficient funds to spend for
the development and welfare schemes.
52
Chapter 3
Institutional Finance
53
Introduction
The financial sector of the Indian economy is projects. They help in channelizing the credit to the
diverse and is constantly expanding. It comprises unserved market segments. They are often referred to
of commercial banks, insurance companies, non- as shadow banks and have emerged as an important
banking financial companies, cooperatives, pension source of credit for businesses and consumers.
funds, mutual funds and other small entities. The
The government protects the home buyer by
financial sector is dominated by commercial banks,
improving the transparency of funds channelled
which account for over 60 per cent of the total assets
into real estate. The government has also introduced
of the financial system. Other financial intermediaries
Unique Identification Number which helps in
include regional rural banks and cooperative banks.
transferring funds easily. They have also introduced
Many Non-Banking Finance Companies (NBFCs) unified bankruptcy and insolvency code. At the state
operate in specialized segments such as leasing, level there are certain challenges which need to be
micro finance and infrastructure finance. These Non- addressed for better financial coverage and deeper
Banking Financial Companies also accept deposits penetration of financial units.
and provide small-ticket loans for affordable housing
Financial Infrastructure of Jharkhand

In the state of Jharkhand as well, banks, especially banking created by the RBI under the guidance of
the commercial banks, dominate the financial sector. the Government of India (GOI). The main function
Such banks constituted for about 79 per cent of the of these small finance banks is to undertake basic
total bank branches in the state, as on June 30, 2022. banking activities to unserved and under-served
This has been followed by the Regional Rural banks sections including small business units, small and
(RRBs) which constituted about 13 per cent of the marginal farmers, micro and small industries and
total bank branches in the state. The average growth unorganized entities. Like any other entity, these
in the number of commercial banks in the state has small finance banks can undertake all basic banking
been about 2.4 per cent between the year 2014- activities including lending and accepting deposits.
15 and 2021-22. The state government has given As per the 79th SLBC report the average annual
necessary impetus on financial inclusion which has growth rate (CAGR) in the number of small finance
resulted in the opening of small finance banks across banks for the period 2019-20 to 2021-22 is 10.17 per
state. Small finance banks are a specific segment of cent.
Table 3.1: Number of Bank Branches

2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2019- 2020- 2022-23( AS on CAGR 2014-15 to
2021-22
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 30.06.22) 2021-22 ( % )
Lead Banks 1158 1186 1230 1210 1200 1212 1218 1214 1212 0.59
Other Public Sector

836 940 959 977 1025 910 910 852 851 0.24
Banks
Private Sector
162 227 246 257 404 425 425 470 472 14.24
Banks
Scheduled
2156 2353 2435 2444 2629 2547 2553 2536 2535 2.05
Commercial Banks
YOY % change 9.1 3.5 0.4 7.6 -3.1 0.2 -0.7
Regional Rural
442 442 443 443 443 443 443 443 443 0.03
Banks
YOY % change 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cooperative Banks 113 113 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 0.44
55
2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2019- 2020- 2022-23( AS on CAGR 2014-15 to
2021-22
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 30.06.22) 2021-22 ( % )
YOY % change 0 3.5 0 0 0 0 0
Small Finance
86 90 115 115 10.17
Banks
YOY % change 1.2 27.8
Total 2711 2908 2995 3004 3189 3193 3203 3211 3210 2.14
YOY % change 7.3 3.0 0.3 6.2 0.1 0.3 0.2
Source - http://slbcjharkhand.in/agenda.htm
A comparison of all districts across the state reveals and Deoghar with respect to the total number of bank
that banks are mainly concentrated in the urban branches has deteriorated over a period of time. As
centres. As per the 80th SLBC Report, 15 per cent on June 30, 2021, East Singhbhum had 12 per cent of
of total bank branches in the state is concentrated total bank branches which declined to 9.9 per cent by
in Ranchi. This is followed by Dhanbad and East June 30, 2022.
Singhbhum districts. The position of East Singhbhum
Table 3.2: District- Wise Percentage of Bank Branches

30.06.2022 30.06.2021
Bank Branches
Names of Districts Name of the Districts
(%)
Above 14 % Ranchi Ranchi
10% to 14 % East Singhbhum
8 % to 10 % Dhanbad, East Singhbhum Dhanbad
5 % to 8 % Bokaro, Giridih, Hazaribagh Bokaro ,Giridih, Hazaribagh & Deoghar
Deoghar, Dumka, Godda, Palamu, Dumka, Godda, Palamu, Ramgarh, Saraikela,
3 % to 5 %
Ramgarh, Saraikela,West Singhbhum West Singhbhum
Chatra, Garhwa, Gumla,Jamtara, Khunti, Chatra, Garwah, Gumla, Jamtara, Khunti,
1 % to 3 % Koderma, Latehar, Lohardaga, Pakur, Sahib- Koderma, Latehar, Lohardaga, Pakur,Sahibganj,
ganj, Simdega Simdega
Source -http://slbcjharkhand.in/agenda.html
Bank branches are central to the financial system. In in different districts. These villages are uncovered by
February, 2013, the Reserve Bank of India advised the financial infrastructure. Scheduled Commercial
SLBC convenor banks to review the roadmap to Banks including Regional Rural Banks have been
provide banking services in all unbanked villages with allotted these villages for opening of branches. This
population less than 2000 through a combination of will enable banks to provide quality and timely
Business Correspondence (BCs) and brick and motor financial services to the villagers and also help in
branches. However, it has been observed that the strengthening of banking services provided through
ratio of branches to Business Correspondence is very BCs. Table 3.3 provides a list of all the villages of the
low in unbanked villages of the state. For increasing given districts which are identified as inadequately
the banking penetration and financial inclusion, the covered by the financial infrastructure. Attached along
brick and motor branches are an integral component. with them are the details of the banks responsible
for opening up of brick and motor branches in those
The state Government has identified various villages
areas.
56
Table 3.3: Villages identified as inadequately covered /uncovered by financial infrastructure within 5
kilometres radius in the state
S.No DistrictVillage name and allocated bank for opening of brick and motor branches
1 Bokaro Kander ( SBI) , Lahia ( Union Bank of India )
2 Chatra Dahu (PNB) , Bargaon ( SBI )
3 Dhanbad Urma (PNB )
Bansani (Axis Bank), Bisrampur ( Bank of Baroda ),Bardiha ( BOI),Rohinian, Khutia & Raje (
Canara Bank ), Udaipur ( HDFC Bank ), Kundil Alis Dol ( ICICI Bank ), Arangi, Majhganwan &
4 Garhwa
Raksi ( Indian Bank ), Kharsota & Rampur ( Jharkhand Rajya Gramin Bank ), Khala (PNB),Khala
( PNB), Lamari Kalan & Garbandh ( SBI ), Partu Kuswani ( Union Bank of India )
5 Gumla Gurdari ( Bank of Baroda )
6 Kodarma Parho ( BOI)
7 Latehar Seregara ( BOI), Ganeshpur ( Union Bank of India )
8 Palamu Tisibar Kalan ( Bandhan Bank ), Bori ( Indian Bank), Karso ( Jharkhand Rajya Gramin Bank )
9 Ranchi Ulatu ( BOI )
Source - http://slbcjharkhand.in/pdf/80agenda.pdf
Box 3.1: Jan Samarth Portal

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has launched the National portal for credit linked government schemes on June 06,
2022. It is a unique digital portal linking thirteen credit linked government schemes on a single platform. It is mainly
done to provide ease of access to all the beneficiaries and related stakeholders. It connects various stakeholders of fi-
nancial ecosystem on a single platform to promote inclusive development.
The salient features of the portal are as follows
It provides a single window facility for 13 government schemes application submissions and 125 plus member lending
institutions (including all public sector banks) to choose from.
The portal will facilitate credit under different government schemes in domain of agriculture, livelihood, education and
business.
The portal will check the eligibility, give in principle sanction and send the application to the selected banks.
It will keep the beneficiaries updated at each stage of journey without necessitating multiple visits to a bank branch.
Real time check with Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT), Goods and Services Tax (GST), UDYAM, National E-Gov-
ernance Services Ltd, Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), CIBIL etc will ensure faster loan processing.
The core objective of the Jan Samarth Portal is to promote inclusive growth and development of various sectors by
guiding and providing them the right type of government benefits through simple and easy digital processes. The portal
ensures end –to-end coverage of all processes and activities of all the linked schemes.
Three Schemes available for Education Loan are
Central Sector Interest Subsidy (CSIS)
Padho Pardesh
Dr Ambedkar Central Sector Scheme
Important Schemes available for Agri Infrastructure Loan
Agri Clinics and Agri Business Centers Scheme (ACABC)
Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (AMI)
Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF)
Six important schemes available for Business Activity Loans are
Weaver Mudra Scheme (WMS)
Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY)
Pradhan Mantri Street Vendor Aatmanirbhar Nidhi Scheme (PM SVANidhi)
Self-Employment Scheme for Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers (SRMS)
Stand Up India Scheme
57
ATMs
The total number of ATMs has grown in Jharkhand growing significantly. For the past few years, the
at an average annual rate of 3.81 per cent between deployment of new ATM has either been stagnant or
the year 2014-15 and 2021-22. In the country, it has else has decreased. This is evident in the downward
grown at the rate of 2.87 per cent during the same trend line which means negative slope for both India
period. The banks are ramping up their ATM network as well as the state of Jharkhand. The main cause of
in order to expand financial services across the state. fall in the slope of trend lines is the increasing cost of
As per the World Bank Report on Financial Inclusion, operating ATMs, unchanged usage charges of ATMs
around 40 per cent of Indians do not have access to and interchange fee from the past few years.
formal financial services, especially ATMs. ATMs
As on June 2022, the total number of ATMs in
serve as an economic lubricant, facilitating trade and
Jharkhand stood at 3308. This was just 1.5 per cent
other small business activities in the rural and urban
of the total ATMs installed in India during the same
centres.
month. The percentage of ATMs in Jharkhand with
The annual growth rate in number of ATMs for both respect to the total ATMs installed across country
Jharkhand and India had shown a downward trend remained within the range of 1-2 per cent during the
line while the usage of ATMs by the public has been period 2014-15 to 2021-22.
Table 3.4 India –Jharkhand Comparison with respect to the total number of ATMs
2022-23(
2022-23( As
2016- 2017- 2018- 2019- 2020- As on
2014-15 2015-16 2021-22 on September
17 18 19 20 21 June
2022 )
2022)
Number of ATMs in
2608 2780 3469 3517 3402 3318 3262 3308 3361 3398
Jharkhand
Annual Growth Rate 6.6 24.8 1.4 -3.3 -2.5 -1.7 1.4
Number of ATMs in
181252 198952 208197 206871 202196 210760 213575 220241 220243 220077
India
Annual Growth Rate 9.8 4.6 -0.6 -2.3 4.2 1.3 3.1
Percentage of ATMs
in Jharkhand out of
1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.54
the total ATMs in
India
Source - http://slbcjharkhand.in/pdf/81agenda.pdf and RBI Reports
58
Figure 3.1 Annual Growth Rate in number of ATMs (India -Jharkhand Comparison)
30
25 24.8
20
15
10 9.8
6.6
5 4.6 4.2
1.3 3.1
1.4 1.4
0 -0.6
-2.3
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
-3.3 -2.5 -1.7
-5
-10
Annual Growth rate of ATMs ( Jharkhand )
Annual Growth Rate of ATMs ( India)
Linear (Annual Growth rate of ATMs ( Jharkhand ))
Linear (Annual Growth Rate of ATMs ( India))
Source - http://slbcjharkhand.in/pdf/81agenda.pdf and RBI Annual Reports
White Label ATMs

In 2012, the Reserve Bank of India permitted the 2014-15 and 2022-23 (As on September, 2022).
non-bank entities i.e., White Label ATM Operators,
The average annual growth in the number of WLAs
to set up and operate their own ATMs in the country.
in India during the period from 2014-15 to 2021-22
The investments in ATMs have been leveraged
was 23.2 per cent. In Jharkhand it was around 23
for delivery of wide variety of banking services to
percent during the same period. Thus, the average
customers. The primary objective of permitting non-
rate of growth in the number of White Label ATMs
banks to operate White Label ATMs is to spread
in both India and Jharkhand is almost the same. This
ATMs in the semi-urban as well as the rural areas
has caused the trend line for Jharkhand and India to
where bank owned ATMs have not yet penetrated.
coincide with each other.
The percentage of White Label ATMs in Jharkhand
out of the total White Label ATMs (WLA) in India
has remained less than 2 per cent between the years
59
Table 3.5 Comparison of the White Label ATMs (WLAs) in India and Jharkhand
Percentage of WLAs in
Jharkhand out of total
Year India Jharkhand WLAs in India
2014-15 7881 116 1.5
2015-16 12962 198 1.5
2016-17 14121 205 1.5
2017-18 15195 245 1.6
2018-19 19507 263 1.3
2019-20 23597 316 1.3
2020-21 25013 348 1.4
2021-22 31499 449 1.4
2022-23 ( As on
September 2022) 34641 498 1.4
Source – RBI Annual Reports
Figure 3.2: Annual Growth Rate in the number of White Label ATMs (India – Jharkhand
Comparison)
80
70 70.7
64.5
60
50
40
30 28.4 29.0
20.2
20 19.5 21.0 25.9
8.9
10 7.6
10.1 10.9
10.0
7.3 6.0
3.5
0
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23(As
on Sept)
YOY Growth Rate (India) YOY Growth Rate (Jharkhand)
Linear (YOY Growth Rate (India)) Linear (YOY Growth Rate (Jharkhand))
Source - http://slbcjharkhand.in/pdf/81agenda.pdf and RBI Annual Reports
60
Box 3. 2: National Strategy for Financial Inclusion 2019-2024

The Reserve Bank of India released the National Strategy for Financial Inclusion 2019-2024 on January
10, 2020. It sets forth vision and objectives of financial inclusion policies in India. The strategy was
prepared by the RBI with inputs from the central government and the financial sectors regulators. Financial
inclusion is the need of the hour. It is the process of ensuring access to financial services coupled with
timely and adequate credit for the vulnerable groups and the low-income groups at an affordable cost.
Financial Inclusion has a multiplier effect in boosting overall economic output, reducing poverty and
income inequality. It promotes gender equality and women empowerment.
Developments so far:-
The Financial Inclusion journey of the country can be traced back to 1950s when the focus was on
channelizing the credit to neglected sectors of the economy and weaker sections of the population .This was
followed by various initiative over the years such as expansion of branch network, introduction of priority
sector lending, launch of Lead Bank Scheme, promotion of Self Help Groups, Joint Liability Groups and
implementation of the Business Correspondence Model among others, The Brick and Motor branches
,complemented by the BC model, have improved the reach of the banking system across the country . The
spread of the reach of financial inclusion has been exponential between the years 2019- 2020 and 2021-
22. The evolution and adoption of technologies have led to massive improvement in deepening of digital
financial services. The Jan Dhan, Aadhar and Mobile ecosystem have brought about a major shift in the
universe of financial inclusion. The Digital IDs along with the proliferation of mobile phones along with
world class payment system have addressed the two important challenges of access and usage to a large
extent. The third challenge is the quality which requires both demand side and supply side intervention.
The opening of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana Accounts has enabled millions of Indians to have access
to financial services. This has addressed the supply side issue to a considerable extent. The demand side
interventions focused on creating awareness amongst the public. Setting up of the National Centre for
Financial Education by the Regulators and implementation of the Centre for Financial Literacy project
of the RBI are two recent initiatives towards improving financial literacy. Payments Systems are seen to
be the lifeline of the economy. They are increasingly being recognized as means of achieving financial
inclusion. The number of prepaid payment instruments increased at a CAGR of 53 percent from 41 crore
in May, 2017 to 226 crores in May, 2021. The immediate payment service and the UPI which are available
round the clock provide credit to the beneficiaries. The extent of digital penetration can be gauged from
the fact that on an average from June 2021, each day the payment system in India processed more than 15
crore of transactions amounting to nearly 4.5 crore per day. The UPI has witnessed over 280 crore rupees
transaction in June, 2021.Similarly, Aadhar Enabled Payment System facilitated fund transfers and cash
withdrawals through micro ATMs and BCs using Aadhar authentications. During the pandemic too, the
cash transactions at BC outlets through micro ATMs have witnessed a significant surge with more than 94
crore transactions accounting for 2.25 lakh crore during the year 2020-21
Deposits
Deposits are defined under the RBI Act 1934 as of money supply in the economy. As the supply of
acceptance of money other than that raised by way money increases, so does the economic activity of
of capital share, money received by bank and other the concerned economy. The annual average growth
financial institutions and that received as security rate of total deposits of the state stood at 10.74 per
deposits. Every time a rupee is deposited into a bank, cent between the years 2014-15 and 2021-22. The
the total reserves of the bank increases. The bank year 2020-21 witnessed a massive annual growth
keeps a certain percentage of total reserves in the in deposits of around 15 per cent. As on September
form of required reserves and float the remaining 2022-23 the total deposits of Jharkhand stood at
amount in the economy. This process leads to creation 290709.42 crore rupees.
61
Table 3.6 Annual Growth in Deposits of Banks (Amount in Rs. Crores)
2022-23
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 ( As on
Sept)
Deposits 139956 151224 186178 198114 218101 224364 258929 282640 290709.42
YOY
growth in 8.1 23.1 6.4 10.1 2.9 15.4 9.2
deposits
Source- http://slbcjharkhand.in/pdf/81agenda.pdf
The banks are classified into different categories defined as a positive incremental change in the total
such as the Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs), deposits of SCBs with respect to time).
Regional Rural Banks, Cooperative Banks and Small
R squared is the statistical measure of the fit which
Finance Banks. The classification of banks into
indicates how much variation of a dependent
different types is mainly based on paid up capital
variable is explained by the independent variable.
and collection of funds by the banks. The Scheduled
Here independent variable is time and the dependent
Commercial Banks further have three main subsets
variable is annual growth rate in deposits of SCBs. In
i.e Lead Banks, Other Public Sector Banks and
case of India, R squared is 0.6232 which means 62
Private Sector Banks.
per cent of the variation in total deposit is explained
The trend line in the graph 3.3 shows the best fit variation and is the positive impact of time. In case
straight line. For both India and Jharkhand, the total of Jharkhand, only 35 per cent of the total variation
deposits in Scheduled Commercial Banks are steadily in deposits of Scheduled Commercial Banks is
increasing over time. Both trend lines are parallel to explained variation. The best fit line for Jharkhand
each other indicating that the slope is same (Slope is does not exactly capture the observed frequencies.
Table 3.7 Total Deposits of Scheduled Commercial Banks- India-Jharkhand Comparison (Amount in
Crores)
Items 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 ( June)
Total Deposits of SCBs

44212120 47997772 52755843 58811256 64682274 17009268
( India)
YOY % change in Depos-

8.6 9.9 11.5 10.0
its ( India)
Total Deposits of SCBs(

189572 209120 214440 247512.5 270269.87 269420.69
Jharkhand )
YOY % change in De-
posits 10.31 2.54 15.42 9.19
( Jharkhand)
% of Deposits in the state

out of the total deposits in 0.43 0.44 0.41 0.42 0.42 1.58
India
Source - http://slbcjharkhand.in/agenda.html and RBI Annual Reports
62
Figure 3.3: Annual Growth in Deposits of Scheduled Commercial Banks (India-Jharkhand
Comparison)
18
16
15.42
14
12
11.48
10 10.31 9.98
9.91
8 8.56 9.19
R² = 0.3578
6 R² = 0.6232
4
2.54
2
0 0
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
YOY % change in Deposits ( India) YOY % change in Deposits ( Jharkhand)
Linear (YOY % change in Deposits ( India)) Linear (YOY % change in Deposits ( Jharkhand))
Source -http://slbcjharkhand.in/agenda.html and RBI Annual Reports
The amount of money deposited in Scheduled Rural Banks and Cooperative Banks, the annual
Commercial Banks of Jharkhand increased at a growth in deposits increased at the compound annual
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 9.1 per growth rate of 8.3 and 11.2 per cent respectively
cent from 134256 crore rupees in March, 2015 to during the period from 2014-15 to 2021-22.
270269.9 crores rupees in March, 2022. Within the
In Jharkhand, the concentration of deposits in banks
realm of Scheduled Commercial Banks, the CAGR
of urban area has been greater than that of semi-urban
in deposits of Private Sector Banks was 19 per cent
and rural areas during the period 2014-15 to 2021-22.
while that of Public Sector Banks was 6.9 per cent
As on June 2022, the concentration of total deposits
between the period 2014-15 and 2021-22.
in banks of urban centres was 53 per cent. This was
The deposits in Small Finance Banks increased at a followed by banks in semi- urban areas (29 per cent)
CAGR of 47.9 per cent i.e., from 210 crores in March, and rural areas (19 per cent).
2018 to 1005.11 crore in March, 2022. For Regional
Table 3.8 Total Deposits in Banks of state and their CAGR (Amount in Crores)
2022-23
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 ( As on CAGR
June)
Lead Banks 75695 80951 105209 112127 118322 125357 141305.8 147412.4 148360.32 8.7
Other Public Sector
48663 55569 60002 63054 72774 63059 75452 83049.25 82941.35 6.9
Banks
Private Sector Banks 9898 10281 12909 14391 18024 26024 30754.7 39808.27 38119.02 19.0
Scheduled
134256 146801 178120 189572 209120 214440 247512.5 270269.9 269420.69 9.1
Commercial Banks
Regional Rural Banks 4664 5321 6419 6842 7069 7587 8421.4 8815.69 8617.47 8.3
Cooperative Banks 1036 1103 1639 1639 1701 1910 2170 2422.28 2364.78 11.2
Small Finance Banks 0 0 0 0 210 427 835 1005.11 1048.53 47.9
Grand Total 139956 153225 186178 198053 218100 224364 258938.9 282513 281451.47 19.2
Source - http://slbcjharkhand.in/agenda.html
63
Figure 3.4: Total Deposits in Banks of Rural, Semi-Rural & Urban Areas of the State
Advances
Credit plays a crucial role in the overall development state including Jharkhand. The productive credit
of the economy. Large number of citizens business growth is the need of the hour to reach the goal of 5
persons and entrepreneurs who operate on small trillion-dollar economy.
scale in the informal economy, have limited access
The total credit allocation in Jharkhand as on
to financial services. Deepening of credit facilities at
September, 2022 stood at 101263.33 crore rupees.
the grass root level would benefit this segment and in
turn the economy. Flow of credit is required in areas
such as housing, SMEs and infrastructure of every
Table 3.9: Annual Growth in Advances Deployed by Banks (Amount in Rs. Crores)
2022-23
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
( As on Sept)
Credits(Excluding
as per place of 65842 70728 81040 85519 95562 96107 82560 94501.53 101263.33
utilization and RIFD
YOY growth in
7.4 14.6 5.5 11.7 0.6 -14.1 14.5
credits
The average annual growth rate (AAGR which is per cent between the years 2017-18 and 2021-22. In
calculated by averaging the year on year growth in case of India, the AAGR stood at 8.8 per cent during
credit for a period of 7 years given in Table 3.9) in the same period which was 3 times higher than that
advances deployed by banks in Jharkhand stood at of Jharkhand. The advances allocated by SCBs in
5.74 per cent between the years 2014-15 and 2021- Jharkhand as on June, 2022 were 90228.43 crore
22. For the Scheduled Commercial Banks in state, rupees. It was just 0.72 per cent of what had been
the AAGR of credit disbursed was however only 2.35 allocated across India during the same month.
64
Table 3.10: Total Advances allocated by Scheduled Commercial Banks- A Comparison of India and
Jharkhand (Amount in Rs. Crores)
2022-23(
Items 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
June)
Total Advances ( India) 32815480 36949074 40095285 42497555 45933466 12502765
YOY % change in dispos-
12.6 8.5 6.0 8.1
al of advances ( India)
Total Advances
82713 91962 91677 77578.45 88358.57 90228.43
( Jharkhand)
YOY % change in
disposal of advances 11.2 -0.3 -15.4 13.9
(Jharkhand)
% Advances deployed by
the state out of the total
0.25 0.25 0.23 0.18 0.19 0.72
advance deployment in
India
Source - http://slbcjharkhand.in/agenda.html and RBI Annual Reports
Figure 3.5: Annual Growth in Advances Sanctioned by the Scheduled Commercial Banks – A
Comparison of India and Jharkhand
20
15
13.90
12.60
10 11.18
8.51 8.08
5.99
5
0 0 -0.31
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
-5
-10
-15
YOY % change in disposal of advances ( India) -15.38
YOY % change in disposal of advances (Jharkhand)
-20
Source – http://slbcjharkhand.in/agenda.html and RBI Annual Reports
The Scheduled Commercial Banks comprises of three during the period from March, 2015 to March, 2022.
subsets, i.e., Lead Banks, Other Public Sector Banks This is followed by the Cooperative Banks and the
and Private Sector Banks. Among these subsets, Regional Rural Banks with Compound Annual
the disbursement of credit by private sector Banks Growth in Credit of 10.9 per cent and 9.7 per cent
increased at a CAGR of 19.4 per cent from 6290 respectively. In case of Small Finance Banks, the
crore rupees in March, 2015 to 26588 crore rupees credit disbursement rate compounded annually
in March, 2022. The CAGR of advances disbursed between the years 2018-19 and 2021-22 stood at 28.5
per cent.
by the Private Sector Banks was highest among all
the other subsets of Scheduled Commercial Banks
65
Table 3.11: Total Advances disbursed by different categories of Banks and their CAGR
2022-23
2017- 2018- 2019-
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2020-21 2021-22 ( Up to CAGR
18 19 20
June )
Lead Banks (a) 40363 42028 48511 50492 50989 51336 35455.9 41653.17 42635.29 0.4
Other Public
17022 18567 19471 19942 25548 21051 19407.9 20642.28 21005.02 2.4
Sector Banks (b)
Private Sector
6290 7671 10475 12279 15425 19290 22714.65 26063.12 26588.12 19.4
Banks (c)
Scheduled
Commercial 63675 68266 78457 82713 91962 91677 77578.45 88358.57 90228.43 4.2
Banks(a+b+c)
Regional Rural
1914 2216 2340 2558 2745 3042 3450.11 4007.11 4152.21 9.7
Banks
Cooperative
253 246 242 248 275 319 269.54 577.44 786.17 10.9
Banks
Small Finance
0 0 0 0 579 1071 1262.3 1579.23 1593.64 28.5
Banks
Total 65842 70728 81039 85519 95561 96109 82560.4 94522.35 96760.45 4.6
The Reserve Bank of India which is the supervisory Certificates which are tradable in nature. Banks can
authority of all the banks in India, directs them to trade these certificates given to different sectors to
allocate a certain share of deposits to sectors of vital meet their targets.
importance. These sectors are priority sectors that The deployment of advances to priority sector
require funds for overall development of economy. increased at a CAGR of 4.6 per cent from 33737
The origin of priority sector lending can be traced crore rupees in March, 2015 to 48433 crore rupees
back to the year 1966 when Morarji Desai saw a in March, 2022.The percentage share of advances
need for increasing credit allocation to agriculture deployed out of the total priority sector lending
and small Industries. However, the definition of (PSL) target was maximum for the MSMEs . It
Priority Sector was formalized based on the Reserve remained within the bracket of 20-30 per cent for
Bank of India Report in the National Credit Council each successive year starting from 2014-15 to 2021-
in the year 1972.The funds with banks have to be 22. Till June, 2022-23, the percentage disbursement
channelized in the most optimized manner. Priority of advances to MSMEs out of the total priority sector
Sector Lending initiative is to provide credit facilities lending stood at 23.8 per cent.
to the weaker and the marginalized sections of the Agriculture is the key sector in Indian economy
society as opposed to funding only the profitable in view of its contribution to employment and
sectors or spaces. There are various categories under GDP. Agriculture Credit plays a vital role in the
priority sectors such as Agriculture, Micro, Small development of farm sector and facilitates adoption
and Medium Enterprises, Export Credit, Education, of new agrarian technologies. The Agricultural credit
Housing, Social Infrastructure and others. In April policies are supply driven through targeted ground
2016, the RBI has introduced Priority Sector Lending level credit, Interest Subvention Scheme and direct
66
lending by way of regulatory prescription under the the bracket of 12-19 per cent for each successive year
Priority Sector Lending Guidelines. starting from 2014-15 to 2021-22.
In this case of agricultural sector, the disbursement
The percentage share of credit and advances being
of advances accelerated at a CAGR of merely 2 per
deployed to both priority sector as well as non-
cent between the years 2014-15 and 2021-22. The
percentage share of credit disbursed in this sector out priority sector has always been more or less fifty-
of the total credit deployment in PSL remained within fifty from the financial year 2014-15 to 2021-22.
Table 3.12: Sectoral Deployment of Advances and their CAGR (Amount in Crores)
2022-23(As
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 CAGR
on June)
Agriculture
11746 12859 13704 13486 14865 16230 11306.1 13748.44 13605.16 2.0
(a)
MSMEs (b) 13121 16459 21721 23569 26623 27700 25203.6 22969.08 23056.03 7.2
Other Priority
8870 9486 8225 9473 11437 19271 8688.4 11774.55 11772.09 3.6
Sector (c)
Total Priority
33737 38804 43650 46528 52925 63201 45198.1 48492.07 48433.28 4.6
Sector (a+b+c)
Total Non
32105 31924 37390 38991 42637 32906 37361.9 46029.93 48326.72 4.6
Priority Sector
Total Advances 65842 70728 81040 85519 95562 96107 82560 94522 96760 4.6
Source -http://slbcjharkhand.in/agenda.html
Table 3.13: Percentage share of sectoral advances to total advances deployed

2022-23 ( As on June
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 )
Agriculture 17.8 18.2 16.9 15.8 15.6 16.9 13.7 14.5 14.1
MSMEs 19.9 23.3 26.8 27.6 27.9 28.8 30.5 24.3 23.8
Other Priority Sector 13.5 13.4 10.1 11.1 12.0 20.1 10.5 12.5 12.2
Total Priority Sector 51.3 54.9 53.9 54.4 55.4 65.8 54.7 51.3 50.1
Total Non-Priority Sector 48.7 45.1 46.1 45.6 44.6 34.2 45.3 48.7 49.9
Source - http://slbcjharkhand.in/agenda.ht
The urban areas of Jharkhand have received penetration in deficient areas and sectors that need it
maximum share of total credit over the years when the most. It enables many to avail the credit facilities.
compared with the rural and the semi urban areas. The weaker sections of the society were highly
This is mainly because of urbanization; the pace of dependent on exploitative non-institutional credit
economic activities and entrepreneurship increases sources. They charge exceptionally high rates of
substantially leading to increase in demand for and interest. These informal credit sources are considered
absorption of credit.
to be the main cause for an entity /organization/
Priority Sector Lending has helped in better credit person to encounter the situation of debt trap.
67
Figure 3.6: Percentage Disposition of Advances (As % of gross credit) to Urban, Semi-Urban & Rural
Areas of Jharkhand
C-D RATIO
The C-D ratio of banks depicts the health of the on June, 2022 the credit to deposit ratio of India and
financial sector. It typically describes how much a Jharkhand stood at 73.5 per cent and 42.9 per cent
bank lends out of the total deposits it has mobilized. respectively.
The Reserve Bank of India didn’t prescribe any
One of the important components of C-D Ratio is
threshold limit for Credit- to – Deposit Ratio.
the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIFD).
However, a very low ratio indicates that banks are not
It was created in 1995-96 with an initial corpus of
fully optimizing the available resources. A very high
Rs 2000 crores. In 2020-21, Rs 29848 crores was
credit –to – deposit ratio hints at capital adequacy
allocated to RIFD. With this the cumulative allocation
issues, forcing banks to raise more capital. It further
has reached Rs 18500 crores. The fund is put to use
indicates pressure on resource mobilization. The C-D
for 37 approved activities which are classified under
ratio of India and that of Jharkhand has decreased
three broad categories i.e. social sector, agriculture
over a period of time. However, it is evident that
related sector and rural connectivity. The Credit to
the credit to deposit ratio of India has always been
Deposit Ratio of Banks in Jharkhand has remained
more than that of Jharkhand. It was 78.2 per cent for
less than the RBI benchmark of 60 per cent since
India and 57.33 per cent for Jharkhand in the year
2018-19. As on June 2022-23, it stood at 42.9 per
2018-19. It decreased to 71.9 per cent for India and
cent.
42.37 per cent for Jharkhand in the year 2021-22. As
68
Figure 3.7: C-D Ratio (India –Jharkhand Comparison)
RBI Annual Reports

Table 3.14: Trend in C-D Ratio of Banks in Jharkhand
2022-23
2014-
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 ( As on
15
June )
Banks only 47 46.8 43.5 43.2 43.8 42.8 42.83 33.44 34.37
C-D Ratio
in % includ-
ing RIFD
61.51 60.61 57.57 60.31 57.33 55.33 55.63 42.37 42.9
& Credit as
per place of
utilization
Looking across the various bank categories of the Small finance banks plays a strategic role in
state, the credit to deposit ratio has been low for disbursement of loans and advances to micro and
quite few years under all categories. The only two small enterprises, marginal farmers and to the
exceptional categories are private sector banks and underprivileged and the undeserved sections of the
the small finance bank. In case of private sector society .The credit to deposit ratio of small finance
banks, the C-D ratio was more than 60 per cent for banks has been more than 100 per cent for each year
each consecutive year starting from 2014-15 to 2019- during the period 2018-19 to 2021-22. As on June,
20. In the year 2020-21, also known to be the year of 2022, the C-D ratio of these finance banks stood at
pandemic and lockdown, the C-D ratio declined to 151.99 per cent. The Reserve Bank of India however
31.34 per cent. As on June, 2022, the credit to deposit has pressed these banks to reduce their incremental
ratio of private sector banks of the state stood at 69.75 credit-deposit ratio which has crossed 100 per cent for
per cent. It typically means 70 per cent of the total many lenders. High incremental C-D Ratio implies
reserves with the private banks have been loaned out. that banks do not have adequate resources to sustain
69
robust credit expansion for medium and long term. The C-D ratio of lead banks decreased substantially
C-D ratio could be reduced either by moderating the from 53.3 per cent in 2014-15 to 28.74 per cent in
credit expansion or increasing the deposit growth or June, 2022-23. The lead banks, thus, are not fully
through a combination of both. optimizing the available reserves which are to be lent
out in the form of loans and advances.
Figure 3.8: C-D Ratio in different categories of Banks
C-D Ratio in Aspirational Districts of Jharkhand

The 19 districts of Jharkhand given in the table below, the Human Development Index (HDI). The indicators
fall under the Aspirational District programme which which have been used to identify these Aspirational
aims to quickly and effectively transform the 117 districts are Health and Nutrition, Education,
most under developed districts of the country. To Agriculture & Water Resources, Financial Inclusion,
shortlist such districts of the state, a composite index Skill Development and Basic Infrastructure .The
of deprivation has been constructed using a range main objective of the program is to monitor the real
of socio-economic indicators. The transformation time progress of Aspirational districts based on 49
of Aspirational Districts initiative envisions a new indicators ( 81 data points ) from the five identified
India. It focuses on improving India’s ranking under thematic areas .
Table 3.15: The weightage that has been accorded to these districts are as given below:
Theme Weight Data Points
Health & Nutrition 30% 31
Education 30% 14
Agriculture & Water Resources 20% 12
Financial Inclusion 5% 6
Skill Development 5% 10
Basic Infrastructure 10% 8
Total 100% 81 points
Source – RBI Yearly Reports
70
Banks, in 12 out of the 19 Aspirational Districts, financial years i.e., 83.34 per cent in 2017-18, 80.69
have registered less than 40 per cent of C-D ratio per cent in 2018-19 and 73.92 per cent in 2019-20.
in four consecutive years i.e. 2017-18, 2018-19, However, the C-D ratio in this district declined to
2019-20 and 2021-22. The West Singhbhum district 42.76 per cent in June, 2022. LDMs in the districts
reported the lowest C-D ratio of 7.59 per cent in the having below 40 per cent of C-D ratio are preparing
year 2021-22. In June, 2022 it increased by a mere a motorable action plan for the improvement of C-D
0.3 per cent. Lohardaga district which had less than ratios. It is important to increase the C-D ratio in these
40 per cent of C-D ratio from 2017-18 to 2020-21, districts for improvement in financial inclusion. With
witnessed a sudden surge in June, 2022 wherein the a broader base of borrowers and depositors across the
C-D ratio stood at 43.48 per cent. The district of state, banks are in a better position to diversify their
East Singhbhum had the highest C-D ratio among source of funding and lending opportunities.
all the 19 Aspirational districts for three consecutive
Table 3.16: C-D Ratio of Banks in Aspirational Districts of Jharkhand

2022-23( Up
S.No District 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 to June)
1 Bokaro 43.79 42.14 40.34 28.68 31.44 32.03
2 Chatra 26.5 27.69 26.39 25.17 26.61 26.74

3 Dumka 30.27 29.94 30.82 29.33 31.86 32.08
4 East Singhbhum 83.34 80.69 73.92 40.12 40.95 42.76
5 Garwah 37.13 36.98 35.46 34.89 39.08 42.24
6 Giridih 31.31 31.13 31.46 31.72 34.99 35.95
7 Godda 25.31 24.55 26.45 30.18 32.92 33.21
8 Gumla 21.39 26.77 23.72 24.19 27.68 27.72
9 Hazaribagh 37.42 37.72 37.08 37.44 39.52 39.61
10 Khunti 29.54 30.48 28.86 33.15 36.92 37.47
11 Latehar 55.24 53.6 39.11 29.31 34.55 36.96
12 Lohardaga 20.05 39.96 38.57 38.85 43.34 43.48
13 Pakur 41.48 41.01 44.66 47.36 51.44 51.16
14 Palamu 79.27 74.81 56.33 45.12 47.07 48.91
15 Ramgarh 39.52 36.5 35.6 33.04 37.95 37.45
16 Ranchi 39.52 40 41.62 35.49 37.45 40.04
17 Sahibganj 39.09 29.44 30.51 31.74 34.53 33.31
18 Simdega 24.79 24.44 21.59 20.83 24.97 26.06
19 West Singhbhum 30.91 43.14 43.45 9.58 7.59 7.89
Recovery of Advances and the NPA

The recovery rate has always been more than 90 per deployed during the same financial year. As on June,
cent for each year during the period from 2014-15 2022-23, the recovery rate stood at 91.90 per cent.
to 2021-22. It is defined as the ratio of loans and
The Recovery under the Priority-Sector Lending
advances recovered out of the total gross credit
71
out of the total advances deployed therein remained hence have been categorized as Non- Performing
within the range of 94-99 per cent for each year during in nature. The RBI has defined the Non-Performing
the period from 2014-15 to 2020-21. The recovery Assets as credit in respect of which interest and / or
rate stood at 87.01 per cent as on June, 2022. In case instalment of principal has remained “past due” for a
of Non-Priority-Sector Lending, the recovery rate of specific period of time. The banking sector follows
loans and advances has been more than 98 per cent an automated system for tagging accounts as NPAs,
till 2020-21. However, it decreased to 96.8 per cent under which the accounts are tagged as NPAs on the
as on June, 2022-23. day the account becomes overdue for more than 90
days. However, in case of NBFCs, this classification
Some portions of loans and advances have not
is made after the end of 90 or 180 days.
been recovered for a specific period of time and
Table 3.17: Recovery Rate of Advances Disbursed in Jharkhand and their Non-Performing Assets
2022-23(
Particulars 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 june )
Advances 65842 70728 81039.9 85518.6 95562.1 96107.1 82560.4 94501.5 96760.47
Gross NPA 3680.7 4598 4523.09 5223.27 5711.86 6964.39 6776.88 7777.15 7841.32
Recovery of loans and
advances 62161 66130 76516.9 80295.4 89850.3 89142.7 75783.5 86724.4 88919.15
NPA (% to Gross Credit ) 5.59 6.5 5.6 6.1 6.0 7.2 8.2 8.2 8.10
Recovery ( % to Gross
Credit ) 94.4 93.50 94.4 93.9 94.0 92.8 91.8 91.8 91.90
Table 3.18: Recovery under the Priority Sector Lending and their NPA formation
2022-23
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 ( Up to
June)
Total Priority
33737 38804 43650 46528 52925 63201 45198.1 48492.07 48433.28
Sector Advances
Total NPA under

the Priority 108.15 125.12 2138.5 2093.04 2270.39 3011.66 2617.14 6118.46 6292.87
Sector
Recovery
of loans &
advances under 33629 38678.9 41512 44434.96 50654.6 60189.34 42581 42373.61 42140.41
the Priority
Sector Lending
NPA ( As % of
Gross Credit
0.3 0.32 4.90 4.50 4.29 4.77 5.8 12.6 12.99
deployed to the
Priority Sector)
Recovery (As %
of Gross Credit
99.7 99.7 95.10 95.50 95.71 95.23 94.21 87.4 87.01
deployed to the
Priority Sector )
72
Table 3.19: Recovery under the Non-Priority Sector Lending and their NPA formation
(Amount in crores)
2022-23
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
( Up to June)
Total Non-Pri-
ority Sector 32105 31924 37390 38991 42637 32906 37361.9 46029.93 48326.72
Advances
Total NPA
under Non- 33.37 37.34 586.63 369.98 620.73 576.51 516.28 1466.81 1548.45
Priority Sector
Recovery of
loans & ad-
vances under 32072 31886.7 36803 38621.02 42016.3 32329.49 36845.6 44563.12 46778.27
Non-Priority
Sector Lending
NPA (As % of
Gross Credit
deployed to 0.10 0.1 1.57 0.95 1.5 1.75 1.38 3.2 3.20
Non Priority
Sector )
Recovery
(As % of
Gross Credit
99.90 99.9 98.43 99.05 98.54 98.25 98.62 96.8 96.80
deployed to
Non Priority
Sector )
The NPA as percentage of gross credit in the banking 3.20 per cent in June, 2022-23. This has resulted in
system of the state has increased manifold i.e., from an overall increase of the NPAs percentage calculated
5.9 per cent in 2014-15 to 8.10 per cent in June, out of the total gross credit (Total gross credit = PS
2022-23. Owning to rise in the NPA, the financial Lending + NPS Lending) to 8.10 per cent as on June,
performance of banking sector has been showing 2022.
a declining trend. A high level of NPAs of banks
On the contrary, the gross Non- Performing Assets
suggests high probability of a large number of credit
of banking system of the country dropped below
defaults that affects the profitability and net worth
6 per cent as in March, 2022. It is the lowest since
of banks. Higher NPAs possess threat on survival of
2016, indicating that the sector has remained largely
banks. It is necessary to trim down NPAs to improve
unscathed from the ill effects of the Covid 19 so
the financial health of banking sector as a whole.
far. The gross NPAs and net NPAs of banks in India
The loans and advances are deployed into two have improved from pre pandemic levels and that
broad sectors i.e, priority sector (PS Lending) and the fresh slippages have been brought under control.
non-priority sector (NPS Lending). The sectoral The banking system of the nation has also enhanced
disbursement of resources is not fully recovered at their provisions including provisions for restructured
times which results in creation of NPAs. Gross NPA accounts. Banks and other financial institutions are
as per cent of gross credit deployed to priority sector proactively undertaking stress testing of their loan
increased from 0.3 per cent in 2014-15 to 12.99 books. This is mainly done to estimate the loss
percent in 2022-23 (June) .Whereas the gross NPA absorption limits of banks.
as per cent of gross credit deployed to non-priority
sector increased from 0.10 per cent in 2014-15 to
73
Figure 3.9: Percentage of NPA constituting Gross Credit (India –Jharkhand Comparison)
RBI Annual Reports

NPA under different government schemes
The Government has initiated various schemes for on April 8, 2015. Its main objective is to provide
disbursement of loans and advances to the rural as loans and integrated financial and support services
well as the urban areas. The PMEGP, Mudra Loans to the non-corporate, non-farm/micro enterprises.
and SHG form few of the important schemes. These loans are classified as MUDRA loans and are
disbursed by the Commercial Banks, RRBs, Small
PMEGP is a centrally sponsored scheme being
Finance Banks, MFIs and the NBFCs. The NPA
administered by the Ministry of Micro, Small and
status of banks within MUDRA scheme showed a
Medium Enterprises. The main objective of the scheme
declining trend. It decreased from 56.95 per cent in
is to set up new employment generation ventures/
the year 2018-19 to 12.43 per cent as on June, 2022.
projects in the rural and semi urban centres. The
decision to grant loans and advances depends upon Loans to SHG are provided preferably in the form of
fulfilment of certain laid out criteria determined by cash credit and term loan as per the requirement of
the central government. The banking system will then the Self Help Groups (SHGs). As per the operational
appraise the project and take their own decision based guidelines issued by the NABARD, the Self Help
on viability of ventures/projects. All the existing units Groups are sanctioned saving linked loans by banks.
financed under the PMEGP scheme and those whose However, in case of matured SHGs, loans may be
margin money claim has been adjusted along with the given beyond the limit of four times the savings as
first loan availed being repaid in stipulated time, are per discretion of banks. The Non-Performing Assets
eligible to avail PMEGP’s second loan, for expansion pertaining to SHG lending, decreased sharply from
and up gradation. The status of Non-Performing Assets 76.7 per cent in the financial year 2018-19 to 2.96
in PMEGP has decreased over a period of time. It was per cent as on June, 2022-23 .The SHGs of the
55.37 per cent in the financial year 2018-19 which was state have performed tremendously well in terms of
reduced to 29.65 per cent as of June, 2022. profitability. This has caused reduction in default rate
of loans and have reduced NPA of banks with respect
The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana was launched
to SHGs lending scheme.
74
Table 3.20: The Status of NPA under different Government Sponsored Schemes
PMEGP MUDRA Loans SHG
2018-19 55.37 56.95 76.7
2019-20 32.45 18.29 15.73
2020-21 36.45 8.53 11.57
2021-22 27.4 13.22 2.64
2022-23 ( As of June) 29.65 12.43 2.96
Annual Credit Plan

The Service Area Approach (SAA) was a scheme banks and the regional rural banks.
launched by the RBI in the year 1989 for orderly
The achievement as a percentage of target under the
development of rural areas. All rural and semi urban
Annual Action Plan of Banks improved from 26.0 per
branches of banks were allocated specific villages,
cent in the financial year 2013-14 to 129.93 per cent
generally in geographically difficult areas. The overall
in the financial year 2020-21. By June of the current
development and credit need of these areas were to
financial year (2022-23), 35.31 per cent of the target
be taken care of by the respective bank branches
has already been achieved. The Non –Priority Sector
situated there. All rural and semi urban branches of
has also done well. The percentage of target achieved
banks were allocated specific villages, generally in
under the Non- Priority Sector by banks accelerated
areas where penetration of financial services is poor.
from 35.35 per cent in the year 2013-14 to 227.52 per
The concerned bank branch creates a link between
cent in the year 2021-22. The Priority Sector has also
credit production and that of income generation
performed well. Its achievement as a percentage of
activity across the village. Under this approach, only
target under the Annual Credit Plan increased from
annual action plans are being prepared at the grass
21.61 per cent in the financial year 2013-14 to 89.47
root level. The credit plans are prepared first at the
per cent in the financial year 2021-22. However,
district level and then targeted amounts are disbursed
the achievement as percentage of target dropped
down the line by the branches of the commercial
drastically to 33.09 per cent as on June, 2022.
Table 3.21: Achievement as Percentage of Target fulfilled by the banks under the ACP
2022-23
Sectors 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 ( Up to
June)
Agricul-
16.81 21.21 43.68 29.58 48.91 45.88 47.64 31.01 75.02 14.76
ture
MSMEs 35.56 31.07 85.28 94.45 141.05 108.48 98.53 76.44 109.7 36
OPS 14 30.88 45.76 41.73 55.8 51.54 101.48 53.13 63.64 9.54
Priority
21.61 26.82 59.72 56.5 86.16 73.39 78.17 53.79 89.47 33.09
Sector
Non-Prior-
35.35 29.91 93.47 73.28 100.26 133.87 85.37 121.76 227.52 38.57
ity Sector
Total 26.05 28.04 73.03 62.8 90.58 90.44 80.69 74.56 129.93 35.31
75
Kisan Credit Card
The Kisan Credit Scheme is a government of India is done by helping them avail short term loans and
scheme which provides farmers with timely access by providing them with credit limit to purchase
to credit .The Kisan Credit Scheme was launched in equipment and also for their other expenses as
the year 1998 with the aim of providing short term well. Moreover, with the help of KCC, farmers are
formal credit to farmers and was devised by the exempt from high interest rates offered by banks, as
NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural the interest rates for KCC starts at as low as 2 per
Development) cent and averages at 4 per cent. With the help of this
scheme, farmers can repay their loans depending on
KCC scheme is introduced to ensure that the credit
the harvesting period of their crops for the purpose of
requirements for famers in the agriculture, fisheries
which the loans were given.
and animal husbandry sector are easily met. This
Status of KCC
During the second quarter of the year 2022-23, a total through the KCC. The total outstanding amount as
number of 181730 KCC accounts were created and on September 30, 2022 was 761078.6 Lakh rupees.
an amount of Rs 113279.75 lakhs were disbursed
Table 3.22: Category- Wise Status of KCC in Jharkhand amongst Banks (Amount in lakh)
Total Disbursement during Outstanding in the KCC Account

Category
2022-23 ( September) as on June 2022
Account Amount Account Amount

Public Sector Bank 93484 33985.01 928746 494611.5
Private Sector Bank 6923 3161.49 24341 31310.74
Regional Rural Bank 80429 75689.84 379654 230493
Co-operative Bank 894 443.41 10054 4663.4
Total 181730 113279.75 1342795 761078.6
All general KCC accounts have to be converted to issued by the banks was 816691 out of which the
smart KCC accounts. These smart KCC accounts number of activated KCC cards was 514869 which
will have Rupay Cards which could be used at amounted to 63 per cent of the total activation from
ATMs and POS to promote digital transactions. As amongst the issued cards.
on September, 2022 the total number of Rupay cards
Table 3.23: Conversion of KCC into Smart KCC as on 30.09.2022
Number of Rupay KCC CARD Percentage of cards acti-

Category
Card Issued ACTIVATED vated out of those issued
Public Sector Banks 521006 219386 42.1
Private Sector Banks 7818 7631 97.6
Regional Rural Banks 287629 287629 100.0
Co-Operative Banks 238 223 93.7
Total 816691 514869 63.0
76
PM KISAN Scheme
The PM –KISAN Scheme is a centrally sponsored a combined land holding of up to two hectares. The
scheme with cent per cent funding from the government total number of beneficiaries under the PM KISAN
of India. It has become operational from December 1, scheme as of November, 2022 was around 3101588.
2018. Under this scheme, an income support of 6000 The total fund transferred till November, 2022 was
rupees per year in three equal instalments is provided 1271712 crore rupees. The payment transfer rate of
to small and marginal farmer’s families possessing Jharkhand is 41 per cent.
PRADHAN MANTRI MUDRA YOJANA

The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) is a As per the successive reports of the SLBC 3587.73
scheme for providing loans up to 10 lakhs rupees for crore rupees have been disbursed by banks and micro
the non- agricultural activities to non-corporate and finance institutions (MFIs) in the financial year
small and micro enterprises. These loans are classified 2022-23 till the month of September. Comparatively,
as MUDRA loans under the PMMY. These loans are the amount disbursed is September, 2022 is much
given by Commercial Banks, RRBs, Small Finance higher than that disbursed during 2021which was
Banks, Cooperative Banks, MFIs and NBFCs. The 1704.61 crore rupees. Disbursement under the
borrowers can approach any of the lending institutions KISHORE product has increased from 719.71 crore
mentioned above or can apply through its portal. rupees in the financial year 2021-22 (September) to
Under the aegis of PMMY, MUDRA has created 1415.87 crores rupees in the financial year 2022-23
three products viz.SHISHU, KISHORE and TARUN (September). For TARUN and SHISHU products
to signify the stages of growth and development and as well, the disbursement amount has increased
the funding needs of the beneficiary micro unit or considerably to 706.43 crore rupees and 1465.42
entrepreneur and also provide a reference point for crore rupees respectively in the current financial year
the next phase of graduation or growth. 2022-23 (September).
Table 3.24: Achievement of Jharkhand under the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana
SHISHU KISHORE TARUN TOTAL

NO AMT NO AMT NO AMT NO AMT
Disbursed as on
( 30.09.2020) 247131 670.6 39694 374.8 4283 234.7 291108 1280.1
Disbursed as on
( 30.09.2021) 129633 373.26 60095 719.71 9636 61.64 199364 1704.616
Disbursed as on
( 30.09.2022) 521641 1465.42 149560 1415.87 10095 706.43 681296 3587.73
“Stand-Up India” Loan Programme

For the purpose of setting up a green field enterprise, higher than that of the previous financial year where
the “Stand up India” Scheme facilitates the bank loans the number of beneficiaries was 2167. The percentage
between an amount of 10 lakhs to 1 crore rupees to of women beneficiaries to the total beneficiaries was
at least one Scheduled Caste (SC) or Scheduled Tribe around 87.28 per cent and that of male beneficiaries
(ST) borrower and at least one-woman borrower was around 12.71 per cent till September, 2022. The
per bank branch. The enterprise can be either in the SC beneficiaries were less than 5 per cent during the
manufacturing, service or in the trading sector. The same month. The total loan amount sanctioned to
scheme is anchored by the Department of Financial these beneficiaries was around 621.84 crore rupees.
Services, Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
Under this programme, Banks extended credit to
2871 beneficiaries till September, 2022 which is
77
Table 3.25: Jharkhand’s Achievement in Stand-up India Loan Programme (Till 30.09.2022)
Sanctioned
Total number of Women Male SC/STs out of the
Loan amount
beneficiaries Beneficiaries Beneficiaries total beneficiaries
in Crores
2871 2506 365 523 621.84
Table 3.26: Stand up India Loan from April 1, 2016 to September 30, 2022
Amount in Lakhs
Accounts Sanctioned Amount
General 1866 41198
Females Minority Community 62 1185
OBC 419 8840
ST/SC 159 3338

Total 2506 54561
Males SC/ST 364 7552
Total ( Male+Female) 2870 62113
Schemes for Financial Inclusion

Schemes like PMJDY, PMSBY, APY etc, have been to improve the financial inclusion in India.
initiated in the country and in different states in order
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)

The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana is a scheme Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency
with a national mission for financial inclusion to Bank (MUDRA) Scheme. In Jharkhand, around 1.7
ensure access to financial services, viz, possession crore accounts were opened till November, 2022
of basic savings and deposit account, facilities of which was approximately 4 per cent of the total
remittance, credit, insurance and pension in an beneficiary’s account opened nationally. The number
affordable manner. Under this scheme a basic saving of Rupay Cards issued to beneficiaries in the state
bank account deposit (BSBD) can be opened in any was more than one crore whereas the figure at the
bank branch or Business Correspondent (BankMitra) national level was more than 3 crores by November,
outlet by persons not having any account. These 2022. The number of beneficiaries in rural areas
PMJDY accounts are eligible for advantages arising availing the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana has
out of direct benefit transfers (DBT), Pradhan been greater than that of urban areas both for India as
Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Beema Yojana, Pradhan Mantri well as in Jharkhand.
Suraksha Bima Yojana, Atal Pension Yojana and
Table 3.27 Achievements under the PMJDY Scheme (India-Jharkhand Comparison) as on 30.11.2022
Beneficiaries Beneficiaries at Balance in the

at Rural/Semi Urban /Metro Beneficiaries Ac- No. of Rupay
Urban Central Centre Bank counts ( Amount Cards Issued to
Bank Branches Branches Total Beneficiaries in crore) the Beneficiaries
Jharkhand 14094364 2917116 17011480 6252.37 11481868
India 317441215 158275773 475716988 176912.36 324314492

78
Table 3.28: PMJDY -Jharkhand's Achievement

Zero Balance % of Zero Bal. Deposits held in the
Year Male Female Total
A/C A/C A/C( in Lakh )
30.09.2021 6934942 8893286 15828228 1542625 9.75 510127.13
30.09.2022 7482806 9413220 16896026 1526474 9.03 628895.02
Overdraft under
PMJDY Rupay Aadhar
Rupay Card Aadhar
Year Card Rupay Card % Seeding
O/s in Activated Seeded
No of acc. Issued %
Lakh
30.09.2021 28665 2484.27 11240996 71.02 7734217 13274740 83.87
30.09.2022 36231 4363.75 11406425 67.51 11140508 14376104 85.09
Two Insurance Schemes such as the Pradhan Mantri 30, 2021).The total enrollment in Pradhan Mantri
Jeevan Jyoti Beema Yojana and the Pradhan Mantri Sadak Bima Yojana also increased from 57 lakhs
Sadak Beema Yojana and one pension scheme i.e. in the financial year 2021-22 ( September, 2021) to
the Atal Pension Yojana were launched in the second 1.37 crores in the financial year 2022-23( September,
phase of the PMJDY. All these three schemes are 2022).The growth rate in enrolment under the
running successfully in the state of Jharkhand. By the PMSBY had been 137 per cent .Earlier the growth
end of the second quarter of the current financial year rate was less than 25 per cent . In case of APY, the
( September 30, 2022) the total enrollment in PMJJBY total enrolment increased from 1.2 lakh (September,
was around 46 lakhs .An increase in the enrollment 2021) to that of 2.17 lakh (September, 2022). The
of around 131.5 per cent had been witnessed when rate of growth in enrolment in APY almost doubled
compared with the financial year 2021( September in the current financial year of 2022-23.
Table 3.29: PMJJBY, PMSBY and APY -Jharkhand's Achievement till (30.09.2022)
PMJJBY PMSBY APY
Total Enrollment since
Total Enrollment Total Enrollment Total Enrollment
inception
Till 30.09.2021 1994762 5773733 123365 915838
Till 30.09.2022 4619243 13707286 217000 1319180
Growth Per cent 131.57 137.41 75.9 44.04
Conclusion
The overall financial health of Jharkhand has Medium and Small-Scale Industries. A substantial
improved over time. The total number of bank part of credit and advances have been received by the
branches have increased from 2711 in financial year Non-Priority Sector as well.
2014-15 to 3210 in current financial year 2022-23
The recovery rate has been more than 90 per cent
( June) . Banks such as the Scheduled Commercial
for each consecutive year starting from 2014-15 to
Banks, Regional Rural Banks, Cooperative Banks
2021-22. However certain fractions of loans and
and NBFCs have given more than 50 per cent of
advances have not been recovered in each financial
credit to the priority sector and sectors which are of
year and thereby categorized as Non-Performing by
strategic importance such as Agricultural Sector and
79
nature. The NPA in banks of the state stood at 8.1 priority sector lending (i.e ,3.20 per cent) during the
per cent whereas for India it was less than 6 per cent current fiscal year.
during the financial year 2021-22. A high percentage
The disbursement of Kisan Credit Cards, Conversion
of NPA suggests a surge in the default rate of loans
of KCC into smart KCC and Rupay debit cards, PM
in banks which thereby reduces the credibility as
Kisan Scheme, PMJDY, APY, PMSBY, Stand-up
well as the profitability of banks in the state. The
India Loan Programme, ACP and Pradhan Mantri
NPA as a percentage of gross credit disbursed under
Mudra Yojana are being implemented for the purpose
the PSL was about 13 percent as on June, 2022. The
of achieving greater financial independence and also
NPA formation in the priority sector advances have
for the sectoral development of the state.
remained higher than that of the NPA in the non-
Annexure
UPI: Story of financial revolution in India
Prior to 2016, India used a number of different systems banks by Dr Raghuram G. Rajan in Mumbai. In modern
to transfer money between banks. The traditional form India, UPI is the flag bearer of the ongoing financial
includes RTGS, IMPS and NEFT . With the plethora revolution. India was cash-based economy; however
of rules, systems and growing burden of paper work, due to influx of the UPI, volume of online transactions
there was need for a unified system which could has increased manifold. A large section of society has
automate and standardize the payment platforms of the adapted themselves to this unified mechanism due to
country. In 2016, the National Payment Corporation its seamless and user-friendly interface.
of India set out with a mandate to change the face
The total electronic transaction of both India
of India’s payment system. It developed Unified
and Jharkhand has increased over time after the
Payment Interface as an architecture framework with
introduction of UPI. For Jharkhand, the percentage
a set of standard Application Programming Interface
transaction in the state out of the total transaction
(API) specifications to facilitate online transactions.
across India was merely 0.2 percent in the financial
The aim was to simplify and provide a standard and
year 2015-16. This percentage increased to around 4
simple framework across all the NPCI systems. This
per cent as on December, 2022.
pilot programme was started in 2016 with 21 member
Table 3.30 Total Number of Electronic Transactions (India - Jharkhand Comparison)
Percentage transaction in State out of

Time Period Jharkhand India total Transaction across India
2015-16 652121 378854612 0.2
2016-17 1681228 366072580 0.5
2017-18 2586794 549083789 0.5
2018-19 3265001 449995173 0.7
2019-20 4337488 571668985 0.8
2020-21 2581684 371840358 0.7
2021-22(10th Dec) 9844914 252569685 3.9
Source- https://etaal.gov.in/etaal/PopReportCensus.aspx
Electronic transactions per 1000 population post There are various authorized TPAP by NPCI to
UPI implementation, has also increased manifold. facilitate payments through Unified User Interface.
It was 12064.5 for India and 19.8 for Jharkhand in In the financial year 2022, PhonePay held 46 per cent
the financial year 2015-16 (per implementation of share of UPI usage in India followed by Google Pay
UPI). It accelerated to 12904.8 and 87.3 for India and with 34 per cent. Leading fintech players have been
Jharkhand respectively in the financial year 2020- key drivers of adoption of the UPI across India.
21(post implementation of the UPI).
80
Figure 3.10: Electronic Transactions per 1000 Population (India –Jharkhand Comparison)
Source- https://etaal.gov.in/etaal2/auth/default.aspx#
Figure 3.11: Unified Payment Interface usage across India in FY 2022
Source - https://www.statista.com/statistics/1034443/india-upi-usage-by-platform/
As per the India Digital Payment Report of 2021- Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Gujarat,
2022, India clocked over 5405.65 million transactions Delhi and West Bengal .Jharkhand has also done
in volume and breached INR 960581.66 crore in considerably well both in terms of volume as well
terms of value. In October, 2021 the UPI volume as value. Uttar Pradesh and Haryana are the only
and value achieved an all time high transactions of two states that have witnessed contraction in the
4 billion and INR 7.71 trillion respectively. The top UPI payment volume during the first quarter of the
states and cities with the highest number of digital current fiscal year 2022-23.
transactions through UPI are Maharashtra, Tamil
81
Table 3.31: Unified Payment Interface Product Statistics
Number of Banks
Time Period live on UPI Volume ( In million ) Value ( In crores )
2016-17 44 6.37 2425.14
2017-18 91 178.05 24172.6
2018-19 142 799.54 133460.72
2019-20 148 1246.84 206462.31
2020-21 216 2731.68 504886.44
2021-22 314 5405.65 960581.66
2022-23 (Nov 2022) 376 7309.45 1190593.39
Source https://www.npci.org.in/what-we-do/upi/product-statistics
82
Chapter 4
Rural Development And
Panchayati Raj
83
The sincere efforts of the state government in opportunities in the rural areas of the state. The
designing and executing policies and programmes scheme such as MGNREGA is providing jobs to the
of rural development have brought a sustainable rural people on demand whereas Aajeevika Mission
improvement in the standard of living of the people of is helping them to become self-employed. The road
the rural areas of the state. Progress made in improving connectivity and housing facilities in the rural areas
livelihood opportunities, developing infrastructural of the state have shown a considerable improvement
facilities and ensuring social assistance to the needy under schemes of PMGSY and PMAY-G respectively.
has improved their quality of life. The Panchayati The panchayat development plans have also ensured
Raj Institution (PRI) by ensuring participation of the active participation of the local representatives
the villagers in the development of their areas has in developing their respective regions as well as in
succeeded in making the process of development speeding up the overall economic development of the
people centric. The successful implementation of the rural areas of the state.
schemes of the government has improved the livelihood
Introduction
The sustainable development of the rural areas MGNREGA, PMGSY, PMAY-R, SPMRM, JOHAR
of Jharkhand has always been at the centre of the and JSLPS, etc. are playing crucial roles in bringing
development policy of the government of Jharkhand. sustainable economic development in the rural
Consequently, many policies and programmes which areas as well as improving the standard of living of
focus exclusively on the socio-economic, political people living here. The progress made under these
and cultural development of the people living in the schemes in the recent years have been summarized
rural areas of the state (where about three-fourths in this chapter along with the development made
of the total population of the state lives as per the in the field of local-self-government or Panchayati
2011 census) are currently being implemented Raj.
successfully in the state. The programmes such as
Progress under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
MGNREGA is a powerful instrument of bringing addressing the livelihood issues of the rural people,
an inclusive growth in the rural areas of Jharkhand. creating assets and infrastructure and ensuring social
All the schemes covered under it are delivering and gender equity.
effectively on the front of social protection,
The following is a brief evaluation of the recent
livelihood security and democratic governance by
achievements of MGNREGA in the state:
The Coverage
MGNREGA in Jharkhand: Coverage, Employment Generation and Asset Creation
The ultimate objective of MGNREGA is to enhance 45 per cent (20.28 lakh) respectively, are women
livelihood security in the rural areas of the country workers. Similarly, the proportion of ST workers in
and the data shows that it has been quite successful the total registered and active workers are about 32
in bringing a sense of livelihood security among the per cent (35.77 lakh) and 27 per cent (11.88 lakh)
target people living in the rural areas. The scheme respectively (figure- 4.1). In terms of the district-
is fully operational in all parts of Jharkhand which wise distribution of active MGNREGA workers,
includes all the 24 districts, 264 blocks and 4,392 Giridih, Garhwa and Palamu have the highest
gram-panchayats. At present there are about 35.05 numbers of them in the category of total as well as
lakh active job card holders under MGNREGA in women workers in the state. They jointly account
the state. The total numbers of registered and active for about 23.2 per cent of the total and about 23.5
workers, are about 111.92 lakh and about 49.44 per cent of the women workers in the state (figure-
lakh respectively. Of the total registered and active 4.2).
workers about 44 per cent (49.44 lakh) and about
85
Rural Development And Panchayati Raj
Figure 4.1: Number of Registered and Active Workers in Jharkhand (in Lakh) as on January 13, 2023.
A. Number of Registered and Active Workers (in Lakh)
Registered Active
111.92
64.23
62.48
49.44
44.62
35.77
20.28
24.34
28.04
11.88
4.69
11.9
Total Women Men STs SCs Others
B. Proportion of STs, SCs and Others in

Total Registered and Active Workers
Active
Workers 27%
32%
ST
SC
57% Others
10%
11%
63%
Registered
Workers
Source: https://mnregaweb4.nic.in/
86
Figure 4.2 : District-Wise Number of Active Women and Total Workers (in lakh)
Employment Generation with the Pattern of Demand for and Supply of Work
MGNREGA has been providing jobs on a regular about 18 lakhs more job cards have been issued in
basis to lakhs of people living in the rural areas the current financial year (January 22, 2023). The
of Jharkhand. Figure- 4.3 presents a year-on-year number of job cards issued to the households during
progress of the scheme in generating jobs in the state. the financial year 2018-19, was about 44 lakhs
Job cards are the first step in getting employment in whereas that in the financial year 2021-22 was about
this scheme and there has been a consistent increase 62 lakhs. In the financial year 2022-23, about 61.3
in the number of job cards issued over the years in lakhs job cards have already been issued till January
the state. In comparison to the number of households 22, 2023. The job demand and job offered ratio of
that were issued job cards during the year 2018-19, the scheme in the state is almost cent per cent and no
87
significant gap between the two has been observed in offered jobs. During the financial year 2022-23,
the recent past. The employment availed percentage about 26.6 lakhs people which includes about 6.5
has also remained at more than 80 per cent of the thousand disabled persons too, have been provided
employment offered. During the financial year employment on demand and about 21.5 lakhs of
2022-23, about 21.2 lakhs households asked for a them have already availed it. For these people about
job in MGNREGA and they have all been offered 6.9 crores person days of employment have already
it. However, till January 22, 2023 about 17.8 lakhs been generated till January 22, 2023. About 32.6
of them have accepted the job offers made to them thousand families have also completed 100 days of
under this scheme. The situation is the same in case employment during the current financial year.
of the number of people who demanded and were
Figure 4.3: Status of Employment Generation under MGNREGA in Jharkhand (as on January 22, 2023)
A. Employment Creation Pattern: Demand vs. Supply vs. Utilization
B. Total Employment Created
C. Job Cards, 100 Days of Employment and Employment to Disabled Persons
88
Analysis of Works Completed and Assets Created
Several types of activities are undertaken year 2021-22 which was largely affected by the
under MGNREGA which provides immediate COVID19, the annual work completion rate was
employment to the people in the rural areas. Many about 46 per cent (figure- 4.4).
of them also create durable assets which generate
A detailed analysis of the category-wise works
additional employment opportunities to the people
started and completed during the FY 2021-22 and
later on also and thus, reduce their dependence
2022-23 in Jharkhand has been shown in figures- 4.5
on MGNREGA. Thus, through the analysis of
A and 4.5 B respectively. During the FY 2021-22,
category wise works completed and assets created
public works related to natural resource management
in the state, the effectiveness of the scheme in
such as water conservation, irrigation, afforestation
generating immediate employment as well as future
and land development etc. have been completed on
employment opportunities can be observed easily.
about 17.1 lakh hectares of land. Similarly, under
The Management Information System (MIS) of this
the creation of individual assets for the vulnerable
scheme is well maintained and gives one real time
sections, about 39.4 lakh works related to the
information about the various aspects of MGNREGA.
construction of houses have been completed during
As per the MIS report generated on January 27,
the same financial year. Similarly, under the works
2023 more than 42.2 lakh works have been started
related with the development of rural infrastructure,
in the state and about 32.93 lakh of them have been
those related to road connectivity/internal roads/
completed. Thus, the overall work completion rate is
streets on about 3.91 lakh kilometres have also been
about 78 per cent in the state. During the financial
completed during the same financial year.
Figure 4.4: Year-Wise Number of Works Started and Completed with Work Completion Rate
(as on January 27, 2023)
89
Figure 4.5 A: Analysis of Category-Wise Works Started and Completed during the FY 2021-22
90
Figure 4.5 B: Analysis of Category-Wise Works Started and Completed during the FY 2022-23
91
Analysis of Labour Budget, Availability of Funds and Expenditure
Over the years there has been a consistent increase in 2020-21 to 122.42 per cent in the year 2021-22. About
the average daily wage rate in the state. For the current 100 per cent (99.94 per cent in exact) payments under
financial year, it is about 233.24 rupees per person the MGNREGA are now done through the Electronic
per day which is about 36 per cent higher than the Fund Management System (eFMS) in the state. The
average daily wage rate in the financial year 2019-20. percentage of payments generated within 15 days has
The percentage utilization of the total available funds been maintained at approximately 100 per cent over
has also improved from 89.41 per cent in the year the years in the state (table- 4.1).
Table 4.1: Year-Wise Approved Labour Budget, Availability and Utilization of Funds
Financial Progress FY 2022- FY 2021- FY 2020- FY 2019-

2023 2022 2021 2020
Approved Labour Budget (In Lakhs) 900 1105 1150 700
Average Wage rate per day per person (Rs.) 233.24 224.92 193.98 170.98
Total center Release (In Lakhs) 186410.1 272455.5 348983.7 131114.9
Total Availability (In Lakhs) 272077.1 272496.8 350694.9 143651.9
Percentage Utilization 73.85 122.42 89.41 118.34
Total Expenditure (Rs. in Lakhs.) 2,00,933.7 3,33,580.1 3,13,564.1 1,69,998
Wages (Rs. In Lakhs) 1,73,273.0 2,42,258.5 2,26,506.4 1,09,144.3
Wages as % of Total Expenditure 86.2 72.6 71.6 72.2
Material and skilled Wages (Rs. In Lakhs) 21,258.8 83,427.1 78,801.1 52,973.9
Material (%) 10.93 25.62 25.81 32.68
Total Administrative Expenditure (Rs. in 6,401.9 7,894.4 8,256.7 7,879.7

Lakhs.)
Administrative Expenditure (%) 3.19 2.37 2.63 4.64
Average Cost Per Day Per Person (In Rs.) 301.91 317.08 267.55 255.31
% of Total Expenditure through eFMS 99.73 99.9 99.94 99.89
% of Payments Generated within 15 days 99.98 99.95 100 99.99
Source: https://nregastrep.nic.in/netnrega/homestciti.aspx?state_code=34&state_name=JHARKHAND&lflag=eng
Analysis of District-Wise Outlays and Outcomes for the Financial Year 2022-2023
Table- 4.2 shows the district-wise outlays and days), and Palamu (43.98 lakh person days) are also
outcome reports for the financial year 2022-23 as on the leading districts in generating employment in
January 29, 2023. As per this, Giridih (Rs. 172.7 lakh), terms of person days. However, in terms of number
Garhwa (Rs. 135.1 lakh) and Palamu (Rs. 127.5 lakh) of works completed Palamu (50.1 thousand), Garhwa
are the leading districts in outlays. Similarly, Giridih (48.6 thousand) and Giridih (44.3 thousand) are the
(68.25 lakh person days), Garhwa (53.9 lakh person leading districts in the state.
92
Table 4.2: District-Wise Outlays vs. Outcomes Report for the Financial Year 2022-2023 (as on January
29, 2023)
District Outlays Outcomes
Cumulative Expenditure (Rs. In Employment Provided (Nos. Works (Nos. in Thou-
crores) in lakhs) sands)
Liability of previ-
Person days
In-progress
Completed
Household
In 2022-23
ous years
Persons
Total
Bokaro 68.8 7.9 76.7 0.69 0.83 25.18 18.7 48.7
Chatra 101.6 8.8 110.3 0.99 1.16 40.59 36.2 37.5
Deoghar 112.0 14.2 126.1 1.08 1.26 41.47 33.4 45.1
Dhanbad 51.3 2.3 53.7 0.60 0.73 20.03 24.6 32.9
Dumka 96.5 8.3 104.8 0.90 1.02 39.10 25.1 35.2
East Singhbhum 43.3 7.6 50.9 0.51 0.63 15.25 24.5 35.0
Garhwa 128.4 6.7 135.1 1.39 1.82 53.90 48.6 64.7
Giridih 165.9 6.8 172.7 1.84 2.06 68.25 44.3 86.6
Godda 65.3 5.3 70.5 0.64 0.74 25.81 15.8 30.3
Gumla 70.3 8.2 78.5 0.58 0.73 25.05 17.6 35.5
Hazaribag 97.5 6.7 104.2 0.93 1.08 39.14 22.3 32.6
Jamtara 88.4 11.6 100.0 0.81 0.96 34.99 17.1 34.7
Khunti 33.1 2.9 35.9 0.28 0.35 12.58 7.2 22.1
Koderma 22.4 1.3 23.7 0.31 0.35 9.16 5.0 23.2
Latehar 80.4 5.8 86.2 0.82 0.95 33.72 23.1 37.6
Lohardaga 32.0 5.1 37.2 0.31 0.45 11.95 9.2 24.0
Pakur 51.9 10.3 62.2 0.51 0.58 19.74 13.8 25.1
Palamu 113.0 14.5 127.5 1.24 1.62 43.98 50.1 77.0
Ramgarh 45.5 5.6 51.1 0.38 0.48 17.62 7.5 18.8
Ranchi 95.7 15.6 111.2 0.84 1.08 35.57 32.9 38.6
Shahebganj 64.2 10.8 75.0 0.63 0.71 23.89 17.6 38.6
Saraikela-Kharsawan 58.3 6.2 64.5 0.61 0.80 22.55 21.1 35.7
Simdega 58.3 12.2 70.5 0.54 0.68 22.03 24.6 22.8
West Singhbhum 71.4 8.2 79.6 0.74 0.86 27.70 30.5 41.4
Total 1815.4 192.7 2008.1 18.18 21.93 709.23 570.9 923.9
Progress under the Birsa Harit Gram Yojana (BHGY), Neelambar Pitambar Jal Sammridhi Yojana
(NPJSY) and Veer Sahid Poto Ho Khel Vikas Yojana
These three schemes were announced in the month (MGNREGS). The BHGY envisages an afforestation
of July, 2020 to create wage-employment in the rural programme that would cover more than two lakh
areas of Jharkhand. These schemes have been devised acres of unused government fallow land. The scheme
to operate in convergence with the Mahatma Gandhi has the target to provide 100 fruit bearing plants per
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme family to about five lakh families in the state. Initial
93
plantation, maintenance, land work and afforestation estimates, this can be helpful in irrigating almost
would be taken up through the MGNREGA. It was 5 lakh acres of cultivable land in the state. Figure-
estimated that each family would receive an annual 4.7 shows the district-wise progress of this scheme.
income of 50,000 rupees from the fruit harvest after Under this scheme about 2.71 lakh works have been
three years while the ownership of land would remain started and about 1.33 lakh of them have already
with the government. In cumulative terms, the scheme been completed.
has benefitted more than 48 thousand families and
Veer Sahid Poto Ho Khel Vikas Yojana is a grassroot
about 47 lakh fruit bearing trees have been planted
sport’s infrastructural scheme. The scheme aims to
on about 41 thousand acres of land in the state. Under
develop as many as 5,000 sports grounds across the
this scheme, Gumla, Khunti and Ranchi are the best-
state with at least one each in all the 4,300 panchayats.
performing districts in the state (figure- 4.6).
Under this scheme, about 4,398 sites to be developed
The aim of Neelambar Pitambar Jal Sammridhi as sports ground have been identified and works on
Yojana is to create agro-water storage units by 3,791 have started. As on October 17, 2022, about
arresting rainwater and ground water run-off. As per 1,279 of them have been completed (figure- 4.8).
Figure 4.6: District-Wise Progress under the Birsa Harit Gram Yojana (BHGY)
Source: Department of Rural Development, Government of Jharkhand
94
Figure 4.7: District-Wise Progress under the Neelambar Pitambar Jal Sammridhi Yojana (NPJSY)
95
Figure 4.8: District-Wise Progress under Veer Sahid Poto Ho Khel Vikas Yojana
Progress in Rural Road Connectivity under PMGSY

The main objective of the Pradhan Mantri road length (33,053) have already been constructed
Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) is to connect all in the state. During the process, more than 7 thousand
unconnected habitations in the rural areas whose roads and about 542 long span bridges have been
population, as per the 2011 census, is 500 and above constructed to provide smooth road connectivity. Of
in case of plain areas and 250 and above in case of the total sanctioned roads and long span bridges, only
special category states by way of an all-weather road, 735 roads and 313 long span bridges are still to be
operable throughout the year, with necessary culverts constructed (figure- 4.9).
and cross-drainage structures. Since its launch in
In terms of overall outlay and outcome, about 10,966
December 2000, the scheme has progressed under
crore rupees have been spent to construct about
different phases such as PMGSY-I, PMGSY-II,
27,663 kilometres of the road lengths in the state
Road Connectivity Project for Left Wing Extremism
under this scheme. Figure- 4.10 shows the ranking
Affected Areas (RCPLWEA) and PMGSY-III. The
of the districts in terms of financial and physical
scheme has performed quite well in Jharkhand and
progress under the PMGS scheme in the state. In
about 99 per cent of the eligible habitations are now
the list, the districts of East Singhbhum, Gumla and
well connected with an all-weather road in the state.
Giridih are at the top whereas Ramgarh, Koderma
For this, about 27 thousand kilometres of road length
and Dhanbad districts are at the bottom.
which is more than 83 per cent of the total sanctioned
96
Figure 4.9: Current Status and Progress of PMGSY since its launch in Jharkhand
Source: Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, Online Management, Monitoring and Accounting System (OMMAS), http://omms.nic.in/#
Figure 4.10: District-Wise Physical and Financial Progress of PMGSY in Jharkhand
Source: Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, Online Management, Monitoring and Accounting System (OMMAS), http://omms.nic.in/#
97
Progress in providing Pucca Affordable Housing to the Rural People under PMAY-G
The Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana– Gramin the Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana
(PMAY-G) aimed to provide such pucca houses ensures electricity connections to the beneficiaries of
which include basic amenities like toilets, electricity the PMAY-G.
connections and clean drinking water by the year
The overall progress of the PMAY-G has been quite
2022 to those rural households who are homeless
good in Jharkhand. A total of 14,00,304 houses has
or live in kuccha or dilapidated houses. The scheme
been constructed in the state under this scheme which
is funded by the Government of India and the State
is about 87 per cent of the total targets (16,03,268).
Governments in the ratio of 60:40 and utilizes the
In terms of year-on-year target versus achievement,
Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC 2011) to
the achievement percentage against the target was
identify and select its beneficiaries. Apart from
67.6 per cent and 76 per cent during the financial
the benefits of subsidies on the interest of housing
year 2020-21 and 2021-22 respectively. A detail of
loans, the scheme also provides additional benefits
the overall cumulative and year-wise progress of this
to the beneficiaries due to its convergence with the
scheme is shown in figure- 4.11. East Singhbhum
other schemes of rural development. Its convergence
(95.6 per cent), Khunti (92.8 per cent) and Pakur
with the MGNREGS entitles beneficiaries to 90
(91.8 per cent) are the top three districts in the state
person-days of work on one’s own house and
in terms of achievement of the target. The efficiency
payment of 18,000 rupees for such work while that
and effectiveness of the scheme can also be seen in
with the Swacch Bharat Mission– Gramin entitles
the faster and time bound delivery of the product. The
beneficiaries to an additional assistance of worth
average competition time of the houses in Jharkhand
12,000 rupees for toilets. Its convergence with the
is 321 days. In this respect, the all-India average is
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana ensures cooking gas
279 days. However, about 60 per cent of the total
connection. While the National Rural Drinking Water
sanctioned houses in the state have been completed
Program ensures clean drinking water connection,
within a span of 10 months (figure- 4.12).
Figure 4.11: House Construction Status under PMAY-G in Jharkhand (as on January 26, 2023)
A. House Construction Status- Cummulative B. House Construction Status- Year-Wise (in numbers)
(in numbers) Target vs. Achievement
210.0
100 400000
300000 140.0
200000
70.0
100000
0 0.0
2016- 2017- 2018- 2019- 2020- 2021-
17 18 19 20 21 22
Target 230855 159052 138884 322000 348973 403504
Sanctioned 230721 158941 138826 321724 347447 388242
Completed 25 188296 272678 156974 235013 295040
Completed (% of
0.0 118.5 196.4 48.8 67.6 76.0
87.3 Sanctioned)
Source: https://pmayg.nic.in/netiay/PBIDashboard/PMAYGDashboard.aspx
98
Figure 4.12: Average Completion Time of houses sanctioned under PMAY-G (as on January 26, 2023)
Source: https://rhreporting.nic.in/netiay/DataAnalytics/AverageCompletionTimeADReport.aspx
Progress under the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) in Jharkhand

It is a social security and welfare programme which is Poverty Line (BPL) persons aged 60 years or above
operational both in the rural and the urban areas. The are entitled to a monthly pension of 200 rupees up to
programme provides support to the aged, widows, 79 years of age and 500 rupees thereafter.
disabled and bereaved families on the demise of their
2. Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme
primary breadwinner. There are five schemes under
(IGNWPS): BPL widows aged 40-59 years are
this programme:
entitled to a monthly pension of 200 rupees .
1. Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension
3. Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension
Scheme (IGNOAPS): Under the scheme, Below
Scheme (IDPS): BPL persons aged 18-59 years
99
with severe and multiple disabilities are entitled to a amount of assistance is 10,000 rupees
monthly pension of 200 rupees.
5. Annapurna: Under this scheme, 10 kg of food
4. National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS): Under grains per month are provided free of cost to those
the scheme, a BPL household is entitled to a lump senior citizens who, though eligible, have remained
sum amount of money on the death of the primary uncovered under IGNOAPS.
breadwinner aged between 18 and 64 years. The
Special Social Assistance Schemes of the Government of Jharkhand

In addition to the benefits being provided under a waiver of the annual income limit and also waiver
NSAP Scheme, the Government of Jharkhand to the BPL for selecting the beneficiaries of this
provides social assistance to the poor and helps them scheme. Monthly pension payable under the scheme
in achieving the minimum standard of life. Apart is an amount of 600 rupees.
from providing the matching grant for the Center-
9. Rajya Vidhwa Samman Pension Yojana
sponsored NSAP Schemes (NFBS), the Government
(RVSPY): Pension under the scheme is payable to
has started additional Pension Schemes to cover the
all widows aged 18 years or above. There shall be a
beneficiaries who are otherwise not eligible under the
waiver of the BPL and the annual income limit for the
NSAP Schemes.
beneficiaries of this scheme. The monthly pension
6. Swami Vivekananda Nishakt Swalamban payable under the scheme is an amount of 600 rupees.
Protsahan Yojana (SVNSPY): It is a disability
10. State Security Pension Scheme for AIDS/HIV
pension scheme of the government of Jharkhand. At
infected people: Under the scheme, AIDS/HIV
present 1000 rupees is given as a monthly pension
infected persons who are being treated at the State
under this scheme.
Aids Control Society or District Aids Control Centre
7. State Social Security Old Age Pension Scheme and are getting regular medication and a monthly
(SSSOAPS): Persons aged 60 years or above, pension of 600 rupees. There shall be a waiver of the
widows aged 18 years or above, persons with 40 per annual income limit and also waiver to the BPL for
cent disability and those released as bonded labourer selecting the beneficiaries of this scheme.
having an annual income of less than 10,500 rupees
At present, there are about 33.47 lakh beneficiaries
(in rural areas) and 12,500 rupees (in urban areas) are
under the various Social Assistance Schemes in
entitled to a monthly pension of 600 rupees.
Jharkhand. Out of them, about 58.31 per cent are
8. Adim Jan Jati Pension Yojana (AJJPY): female beneficiaries. To stop leakages and provide
Primitive Tribes whose family members are not benefits to the genuine beneficiaries, the AADHAR
employed in Government, private or public sectors verification of about 94 per cent of beneficiaries
and married women belonging to such families will has been completed. Similarly, about 91.52 per cent
be provided benefits under the scheme. If any family of them receive their benefits through the DBT.
has no married woman, the pension will be sanctioned There are about 118 transgender beneficiaries too
in the name of the head of the family. There shall be (table-4.3).
Table 4.3: Present Status of Various Social Assistance Schemes in Jharkhand (as on January 26, 2023)
Total no, of
Male bene-
der Benefi-
Beneficiar-
Beneficiar-
Transgen-
Schemes
through
Verified
ficiaries
Aadhar
Female
ciaries
DBT
Paid
ies
ies
IGNOAPS 967830 482434 484987 11 939370 959536
IGNDPS 26191 16926 9263 2 25005 25227
100
Total no, of
Male bene-
der Benefi-
Beneficiar-
Beneficiar-
Transgen-
Schemes
through
Verified
ficiaries
Aadhar
Female
ciaries
DBT
Paid
ies
ies
IGNWPS 263963 0 263963 0 256426 261451
NFBS 18733 2858 15873 2 12413 6380
IDPS 5597 3301 2296 0 5229 4967
RVSPY 384805 10990 373789 26 362497 337976
AJJPY 69822 10824 58995 3 65874 66850
SSSOAPS 1373780 711080 662609 63 1273572 1203740
SVNSPY 237110 156766 80331 11 197762 197978
Total 33,47,831 13,95,179 19,52,106 118 31,38,148 30,64,105
Source: https://nsap.nic.in/statedashboard.do?method=showDashboarbPage&stateCode=34
Developing Urban Facilities in the Rural Areas and the Progress of Shyama Prasad Mukherji
Rurban Mission (SPMRM) in Jharkhand
The Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission details, estimates and approvals for implementation.
follows the vision of "Development of a cluster
3. Convergence: At least 70 per cent of the total
of villages that preserve and nurture the essence
investment is through the convergence of the various
of rural community life with a focus on equity
central or state government-schemes.
and inclusiveness without compromising with the
facilities perceived to be essentially urban in nature, 4. Ministry of Rural Development provides
thus, creating a cluster of "Rurban Villages". It is Critical Gap Funding (CGF): This is up to 30 per
developing 300 Rurban clusters in 35 States and UTs. cent (max. 30 crore rupees for non-tribal and 15
It works through the following progress-parameters: crore rupees for tribal cluster) of the total investment.
1. Integrated Cluster Action Plan (ICAP): It has There are a total of 15 clusters comprising nine tribal
been prepared and approved for every cluster which and six non-tribal under the SPMRM in Jharkhand.
is the key document outlining the requirements of the Their ICAP has been approved by the ministry. The
cluster and the interventions needed to address these DPRs have been approved by the SLEC. For the
needs. financial year 2022-23, about 3,953 works have been
approved and 884.62 crore rupees have been spent
2. Details Project Report (DPR): It is prepared under
in the state from the total approved convergence
every ICAP which comprise the work-wise technical
investment (Rs. 1014.01 crores) (table-4.4).
Table 4.4: Physical and Financial Progress under the SPMRM in Jharkhand (as on January 26, 2023)
Key Parameters 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Total Number of Approved Cluster 15 15 15 15 15
ICAP Approved by The Ministry 8 15 15 15 15
101
Key Parameters 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
DPR Approved by SLEC 15 15 15
Convergence Investment Approved (in 607.98 1018.23 1015.16 1014.01

Crore)
Convergence Expenditure (in Crore) 521.91 657.5 884.62
Convergence Expenditure (in per cent) 51.26 64.77 87.24
CGF Investment Approved (in Crore) 69.8 216.41 253.37 250
CGF Expenditure (in Crore) 34.59 71.13 113.8
CGF Expenditure (in per cent) 15.98 28.07 45.52
Approved Works 2351 3890 3953

Source: https://dashboard.rural.nic.in/dashboardnew/rurban.aspx
Progress Under the Adarsh Gram Schemes in Jharkhand
Four different schemes at the local village-level SMART Gram Panchayat Yojana (CM- SGY) and
development i.e., PM Adarsh Gram Yojana (PM- MLA Adarsh Gram Yojana (AGY) are operational in
AGY), Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY), CM the state for integrated development of the villages.
Prime Minister Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY)

The Prime Minister Adarsh Gram Yojana has been 2014-15 to 2019-20 as central assistance to develop
initiated with the objective to transform the villages them. Under phase-II, 720 villages were eligible for
with scheduled caste-population exceeding 50 per selection out of which 512 new villages were selected
cent into harmonious villages where social justice in addition to 96 villages that were already selected
and equality prevail and all residents collectively in the previous phases. The Central government has
work towards the peaceful and overall development released Rs. 2791.70 crores for the FY 2018-19, 2019-
of the society. One hundred villages of Jharkhand 20, and 2020-21 to develop these villages. However,
were selected in phase-I and an amount of 26 crore 156 eligible villages still remain to be covered under
rupees were released between the financial years phase-II.
Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY)

The major aim of the scheme is to trigger processes the Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana and 83 out of them
which lead to holistic development of the identified have prepared and uploaded the village development
gram panchayats and to substantially improve the plans (VDPs) on the SAGY portal. The total number
standard of living and quality of life of all sections of activities planned under VDP are 6933 out of
of the population in the villages. As on January 27, which 3366 are already done (table-4.5).
2022, there are 96 identified Gram Panchayats under
Table 4.5: Physical Progress (in Numbers) under SAGY in Jharkhand (as on January 27, 2023)
Key Parameter Indicators Number
Total number of Gram Panchayats identified under SAGY 96
Total number of Gram Panchayats that have prepared VDPs and Uploaded on the SAGY 83
portal
102
Key Parameter Indicators Number
Total number of activities planned under Village Development Plans 6933
Total number of activities reported as completed under Village Development Plans 3366
Total number of activities reported as in-progress under Village Development Plans 2831
Source: https://dashboard.rural.nic.in/dashboardnew/sagy.aspx
CM Smart Gram Panchayat yojana (CM SGY)

The vision of the CM Smart Gram Panchayat is to transfer of appropriate technology in the areas of
develop an adapted village effectively. Facilities health, education, livelihood, agriculture, micro-
like e- governance with provision of single- enterprise, safe drinking water and sanitation, clean
window-solution for all its citizens, a vibrant Micro alternative energy, environmental protection and
Economic Zone with common Service Centre linked develop climate-resilient community. A total of five
with the network of local entrepreneurial cadre Gram Panchayats have been selected through open
have to be provided. The purpose is to ensure the competition under this programme.
MLA Adarsh Gram Yojana (AGY)

The Department of Rural Development of the livelihood. There are one hundred identified villages
Government of Jharkhand implements this under MLA-AGY. Among them, eighty-one villages
programme. Under the Scheme, the MLAs select have been selected by the eighty-one MLAs which
one village with the aim to transform them into include nineteen native villages of the renowned and
progressive communities with multiple options of acclaimed revolutionaries of Jharkhand.
Aajeevika - Deendayal Antyodaya Yojna-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM)

and achievements of JSLPS
The nodal agency which manages Aajeevika Mission and promotion and strengthening of self-managed
(DAY-NRLM) in Jharkhand is the Jharkhand and financially sustainable community institutions
State Livelihood Promotion Society (JSLPS). The of the rural poor women; (b) financial inclusion;
mission aims to reduce poverty by enabling the poor (c) sustainable livelihoods; and (d) social inclusion,
household to access gainful self-employment and social development and access to entitlements
skilled wage employment opportunities resulting through convergence. At present, based on these
in sustainable and diversified livelihood options for core components, several schemes such as Gramin
the poor. This is one of the world's largest initiatives Kaushal Yojana (DDU-GKY), social development,
to improve the mode of livelihood of the poor. It has Mahila Kisan Shashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP)
four core components viz., (a) social mobilization etc. are operational in the state.
Outreach of JSLPS and the Formation of Self-help Groups (SHGs) and other groups in the state
The JSLPS currently has its outreach in all the federations have also been formed till September 30,
24 districts, 263 blocks, 4,361 panchayats and 2022 during the same financial year. Thus, at present,
29,953 villages of the state under the ambit of there are 2.87 lakh SHGs in the state which covers
intensive, resource block, and home-grown model more than 34.4 lakh households. The state also has
(or partnership) categories. In the current financial about 20,887 village-level organisations and 998
year (2022-23), the society has mobilized over one cluster-level federations (figure- 4.13).
lakh households in the SHGs. About 9,183 SHGs,
572 village-level organisations and 16 cluster level
103
Figure 4.13: Achievements in Forming Self-Help and other Groups
Source: Jharkhand State Livelihood Promotional Society
Financial Inclusion under JSLPS Activities and SHGs Credit Linkage

Financial inclusion is one of the elemental components and production needs of the Self-Help Group (SHG)
of the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM). It members. Till September 30, 2022 about 31.62
is evident that the poor, if enabled access to multiple crore rupees have been given as revolving fund to
doses of affordable credit and other financial services, about 15,338 SHGs in the state. Similarly, about
can come out of the cusp of poverty. Community 32,657 SHGs have got about 159.18 crore rupees
funds like Revolving Fund (RF) and Community as community investment fund (figure- 4.14). Apart
Investment Fund (CIF) provided under the National from the community funds, about 832.06 crore rupees
Rural Livelihood Mission are significant in breaking have also been disbursed to the new SHGs by credit
the initial passivity, by catering to the consumption linking them with banks (Table- 4.6).
Figure 4.14: Achievements in Finance and Financial Inclusion
104
Table 4.6: Credit-Linking of New SHGs
Achievement in
Achievements in FY Cumulative Achievement
Activities FY 2022-23 (30th
2021-22 since inception
September 22)
No. of (Fresh/New) SHGs Credit
146179 22,941 1,84,352
linked
Amount of loan disbursed to SHGs
76135 83206 NA
(Rs in lakh)
Box 4.1: The success story of Soni Devi- a Business Correspondent Sakhi of Hazaribagh
Soni Devi, a resident of Joko village situated the India Institute of Banking and Finance (IIBF)
in Keredari block of Hazaribagh district, is exam, where she became the topper by scoring
providing banking services in remote areas in the highest marks among 26 women examinees.
the capacity of a banking correspondent Sakhi. After the result, she got selected as BC Sakhi
by the Union Bank of India, Keredari in the
Despite being educated, Soni somehow managed
year 2021. Since then, Soni has been providing
her household by farming. She was constantly
banking services door-to-door in the rural areas.
in search of a means of livelihood. She had
However, soon the payments received through
been trying hard for it but was unsuccessful.
transactions done by her, made her open the CSC
She joined the Sakshi Aajeevika Sakhi Mandal
(Customer Service Centre) in her block.
through the CRP drive that came from Andhra
Pradesh in 2018. Here, she started working as a Soni says “I feel really happy to provide these
bookkeeper. She became an active member of the services to the villagers. For the first time when
group and formed 13 other groups from here . I got a payment of 3800 rupees from all my
transactions, there was no greater happiness for
With time, Soni started group transactions and
me. I have made my identity by working as a BC
took the first loan of 10,000 rupees which she
Sakhi. I have also opened my own CSC in the
utilized for increasing the productivity from the
block. Today I get paid around 25,000 rupees per
agricultural practices. After the formation of the
month. Due to this, I am not only able to give
village organization in 2019, Soni also worked
financial support to my husband but it has also
as a master bookkeeper. Working with the cadre,
helped me in providing quality education to my
she also started getting some honorariums. After
children.
some time, Soni was selected by the village
organization for the 10-day residential training Soni Devi is not only famous in her block for
of Banking Correspondent Sakhi. After getting her good work but is also known well at the
trained, Soni registered herself for the training state level. She ensured good payment by her
of BC Sakhi at the cluster level. Subsequent to increased transactions in the recently organized
this, she also received a training of 6 days from Aajeevika Saras Mela in Gurugram.
RSETI. After training, Soni Devi appeared for
(Source: Jharkhand State Livelihood Promotional Society)
Livelihood in On-Farm, Off-Farm and Non-Farm Activities

The JSLPS focuses on creating a conducive to each rural household. The Sakhi Mandal members
environment to provide at least two livelihood options are also adopting new techniques for farming and
105
also exploring the best practices with their own goat-rearing-related livelihood interventions have
innovations. They are involved in income generation been institutionalized through a community resource
activities like livestock rearing, Non-Timber Forest person encapsulated as Aajeevika Pashu Sakhi under
Products (NTFP) and other off-farm activities. One the JSLPS. These pashu sakhis are trained properly
of the most successful livelihood on-farm activities and capacitated to support SHG members in earning
facilitated by JSLPS is the goat-based livelihood their livelihood. During the financial year 2022-23,
intervention. about 1.61 thousand households were engaged in the
goat-based livelihood intervention along with poultry
Goat-based livelihood intervention along with
and duckery (table- 4.7).
backyard poultry, Duckery and Piggery: The
Table 4.7: Number of Mahila Kisans covered under the Livestock Interventions
Cumulative
Cumulative Cumulative
Achievement in
Activities Achievement in Achievement since
FY 2022-23 (30th
FY 2021-22 inception
September 22)
No. of Mahila Kisans covered under

3,93,189 1,61,020 1,61,020
Livestock interventions
Achievements of ‘Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana’ (MKSP)

The primary objective of the MKSP is to empower 23,700 farmers are involved in the collection of lac
women in agriculture by making systematic and tamarind. For the purpose of tamarind processing
investments to enhance their participation and e.g., de-seeding and brick making, there are about 13
productivity and also create and sustain agriculture- dedicated processing units in the state.
based means of livelihood of the rural women.
B. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant: At present
By establishing efficient local resource-based
there are about 15,485 farmers involved in the
agriculture, wherein women in agriculture gain more
production of lemongrass, tulsi and other aromatic
control over the production resources and manage the
and medicinal plants in the state. The scheme is also
support systems, the project seeks to enable them to
called aushadhya vatica.
gain better access to the inputs and services provided
by the government and other agencies. Presently, the C. Resham Production: Production of resham has
following activities are done under this project: proved highly beneficial for the farmers of the state.
As of September, 2022, a total of 2,967 farmers are
A. Lac and Tamarind Processing: Presently, about
involved in the production of resham in the state.
Promotion of Non-Farm activities by the JSLPS

Several kinds of non-farm activities are also promoted is to provide better and direct access to market
and facilitated by the JSLPS: opportunities to the rural women entrepreneurs so
that they can have control over their profits. Earlier,
A. Start-up Village Entrepreneurship Program
they used to forgo a fair share of their profit to the
(SVEP): Under SVEP, a total of 17,161 Micro
middlemen as they had to sell products to them in
enterprises have been established till September,
the local haat-bazaars. For promotional purposes,
2022. The total number of CRP-Enterprises under
marts and display counters of Palash have also
SVEP is 561.
been opened in the districts. At present, around 238
B. Palash Brand: It is an umbrella brand developed Palash Marts and 70 display cum sale counters are
by the JSLPS and supported by the Jharkhand being operated across the state in different blocks.
state Government for the promotion and selling of More than 60 products ranging from unpolished rice,
products produced by SHGs. The aim of this initiative pulses, ragi, atta, mustard oil, soaps to pickles, honey,
106
spices, masks, sanitizers, hand-wash etc., made by the Palash brand in the state. Now, the annual turnover
the women entrepreneurs of Sakhi Mandals are being of Palash has reached to more than 18 crore rupees.
sold in these marts and display-cum-sale centres. The Similarly, the number of manufacturing, processing
marts and display centres also provide an additional and packaging centres in the state have gone up to
source of livelihood to the women who operate and 155, 95 and 92 respectively.
manage them. Table- 4.8 shows the present status of
Table 4.8: Achievements under Palash Brand Initiative (as on September, 2022)
Item Value
Palash Turnover Rs. 18.62 Cr.
Number of Palash Agriculture Produce Collectivisation Centres 82
Number of Palash Processing Centres 95
Number of Palash Manufacturing Centres 155
Number of Palash Packaging and Branding Centres 92
Skilling and Placement activities under the JSLPS

Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana of poverty. The program focuses on the youth in the
(DDU-GKY) and Rural Self Employment Training age group of 15-35 years with certain exceptions for
Institutes (RSETI) are helping the rural people of specified target groups like Particularly Vulnerable
the state to develop skills in order to find a suitable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), transgenders and people
job or attain self-employment . rescued from trafficking where the upper age limit
may go up to 45 years. The overall achievement of the
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya
scheme is very good and the number of rural youngsters
Yojana: It is a sub-scheme under the National Rural
who have either completed or are undergoing training,
Livelihood Mission. It is a placement-linked skill
has crossed a mark of 55 thousand as on September
development programme. The programme focuses
30, 2022. Among them, approximately 20 thousand of
on the training of rural dropouts in order to help them
them have been placed too. (table- 4.9).
build skills so that they can work, earn and come out
Table 4.9: Achievements under DDU-GKY

Achievement FY 21-22 Achievement in FY 2022- Cumulative
Key indicator
as on 31st March 23 (30th September 22) Progress
Number of youngsters trained/
2437 2696 55777
under training
Number of youngsters who got
placement > 3 months since 1023 1522 19991
inception
Training and Assistance for Self-Employment to Unemployed Rural Youth through the Rural
Self-Employment Training Institute (RSETI)
Under the scheme, unemployed youngsters of present, the total number of unemployed youngsters
the rural areas are provided assistance for self- trained/under-training are about 1.67 lakhs under
employment by providing them free skills in this programme. Of them, about 1.16 lakhs of them
various trades. The project is implemented by are self-employed now, since the inception of the
RSETI training centres located in different districts. programme (figure- 4.15).
These centres are operated through banks. At
107
Figure 4.15: Achievements under RSETI
Boosting Agricultural Production through Jharkhand Horticulture Intensification by Micro-

Drip Irrigation Project (JHIMDI)
The Jharkhand Horticulture Intensification by Micro- application of fertilizers and plant nutrients as well
Drip Irrigation Project is funded by a Japanese ODA as savings in labour and energy.
loan. Agriculture in Jharkhand is dominated by small-
JHIMDI aims to provide strong and sustainable
holders and about 50 per cent of the farmers have
agriculture-based livelihood through drip irrigation.
a land-holding of less than 0.4 ha. As the state does
It will cover 9 districts and 30 blocks of the State.
not possess any perennial river and has an undulated
The farmers to be supported under the project are
topography, irrigation schemes are limited to minor
members of the Self-Help Groups (SHGs) formed by
ones. The farmers rely on groundwater not only for
the Jharkhand State Livelihood Promotion Society
domestic use but also for agricultural production.
(JSLPS) and owners of small farmlands on lease. The
Conducive climatic conditions and improvement
project adopts a holistic approach wherein farmers
in marketing facility have created a high potential
are provided with MDI system, poly nursery house
for the promotion of a wide range of horticultural
and vermi-compost unit along with intensive training
crops in Jharkhand. In this context, the promotion
in horticulture and marketing.
of Micro-Drip Irrigation (MDI) would contribute
to the intensification of horticulture in Jharkhand. At present, a total of 29,855 farmers are registered
The farmers would also gain from increased water under the JHIMDI and a total of 12,372 Micro-Drip
use efficiency, improved yields, precision in the Irrigation systems have been installed in the State.
Other Initiatives of the JSLPS

A. Ajeevika Canteen: At present, a total of 119 C. Community Journalist: The success story of
canteens are being run by the community institutions SHGs and their federation are being covered by the
in the state and many of them are on the government local volunteers (a community-based journalist from
premises. SHG members) and it is being published in the local
newspapers. These initiatives help the community to
B. Community Based Monitoring System: In
replicate the model locally.
order to ensure the quality of programs/ activities,
community-based monitoring is being facilitated
under the NRLM in all the districts.
108
Figure 4.16: Physical Achievements under the JOHAR Project
109
Progress under the ‘Jharkhand Opportunities for Harnessing Rural Growth’ (JOHAR) Project
It is an ambitious project of the Government of d. Improving access to financing through the
Jharkhand supported by the World Bank and community institution platforms and formal financial
implemented by the JSLPS. It covers two lakh rural institutions (FFIs),
producer households in 68 blocks of 17 districts of
e. Establishing partnerships with the private sector,
Jharkhand. The project targets to double the income of
and
2 lakh rural households by providing them livelihood
opportunities through High-value Agriculture and f. Supporting skill development to facilitate jobs
Irrigation, Livestock, Fisheries and Non-Timber and entrepreneurship.
Forest Products (NTFP) interventions. Physical Progress under JOHAR (till September,
The project aims to enhance and diversify the income 2021)
of two lakh households in select farm and non-farm The program has entered all 68 blocks of 17 districts
sectors through: and around 3,816 villages in the state of Jharkhand. A
a. Mobilizing and aggregating rural producers total of 3,922 PGs has been formed. Till date 2,24,286
into 3500 producer groups (PGs) and 20 Producer households including 1,43,326 SC/ST households
companies, have been covered under PGs. Currently, the PG bank
account opening process is under progress and 3,855
b. Diversification and/or intensification of their
PG bank accounts have been opened. All of them
current production system,
have been provided with start-up grant. Figure- 4.16
c. Enhancing opportunities for value addition and shows the physical achievements under this project
effective market linkages, in the state as on September 30, 2022.
Progress of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in Jharkhand

Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) are part of a in panchayats which provides them 50 per cent
three-tier system of Indian administration for rural reservation at all levels of panchayats. In terms of the
development which aims to develop local self- physical infrastructure for panchayats, there are 396
governments in districts, zones and villages. There panchayat libraries and 1,214 computers available for
has been a significant progress of PRIs in the state the panchayats in the State (table- 4.11). Apart from
since the implementation of the Jharkhand Panchayat this about 500 Panchayat Gyan Kendra have been
Raj Act, 2001. The state has a well-developed established during the financial year 2022-23. During
network of PRIs. At present, the state has 24 district the same period, about 216 panchayat bhawans have
panchayats, 264 intermediate panchayats, 4,345 also been renovated in addition to the completion of
village panchayats, 12 municipal corporations, about 4,261 panchayat bhawans against the target
21 nagar panchayat, 21 municipality, one notified of building 4,345 panchayat bhawans in the state.
area council in Jamshedpur and one cantonment December, 2020 was the due time for fresh panchayat
board at Ramgarh (table- 4.10). The state has a elections in the state but the onslaught of the COVID
reservation policy for the representation of females 19 pandemic caused a delay in it .
Table 4.10: Number of Panchayati Raj Institutions in Jharkhand
Local Government Type Local Body Type Name (In Local Language) Numbers
Cantonment Board Cantonment Board (Ramgarh) 1
Town Panchayat Nagar Panchayat 21
Municipal Corporations Municipal Corporation 12
110
Local Government Type Local Body Type Name (In Local Language) Numbers
Intermediate Panchayat Panchayat Samiti 264
District Panchayat Zila Panchayat 24
Municipality Municipality 21
Village Panchayat Gram Panchayat 4345
Notified Area Council Notified Area (Jamshedpur) 1
Source: https://lgdirectory.gov.in/
Table 4.11: Infrastructural Facilities at Different Levels of Panchayats

Infrastructures Zila Panchayat Block Gram Total
Panchayat Panchayat
Panchayat Library 1 17 378 396
Computer available in Panchayat 8 80 1126 1214
Internet service available in Panchayat 20 100 1206 1326
Common Service Centre 0 55 1100 1155
Source: https://egramswaraj.gov.in/dashboardNew.do
Empowering Local Governments through Central Finance Commission Grants

The rural local bodies have the duty of providing basic of the Central Finance Commissions. The Tenth
amenities and civic services to the rural population and Central Finance Commission recommended grants to
in that connection, the Government (Central and State) the rural local bodies for the first time and since then
devolves part of their own tax revenues to them to all the subsequent Finance Commissions have been
meet their needs. The central government gives funds recommending such grants to the rural local bodies.
to rural local bodies based on the recommendations
XVth Finance Commission Grants (2021-2026) to Jharkhand

In chapter-7 of the XVth Finance Commission funds during the financial year 2021-22 and 2022-23
Report titled ‘Empowering Local Governments’, under the XVth Finance Commission Grants, about
there are discussions about the basis of distributing 75 per cent has been given to the rural local bodies.
grants among the States and the modalities of their During the financial year 2021-22, the expenditure as
utilization. The commission has recommended a per cent of the total fund was about 81, 69 and 46 per
range for the distribution of funds to the three-tiers cent at the gram, block and district panchayat levels
of panchayats (table-4.12). The year-wise Grants to respectively. Out of the total funds (1123.4 crores)
rural and urban local bodies of Jharkhand under the available for the financial year 2022-23, about
XVth Finance Commission are given in figure-4.17. 254.3 crore rupees (23 per cent) have been spent till
It is clear from the figure that out of the allocated September, 2023.
Table 4.12: Range for Distribution of Funds to the three-tiers of Panchayats

Range for distribution Gram Panchayat Block Panchayat District Panchayat
Minimum 70% 10% 5%
Maximum 85% 25% 15%
Note: Subject to the percentages adding up to 100
111
Figure 4.17: XVth Finance Commission Allotment and Online Payment (amount in crores) to Gram
Panchayat, Block Panchayat and Zila Panchayat for the financial year 2021-22 and 2022-23 (up to
September 2022)
Source: The Department of Panchayati Raj of the Government of Jharkhand
Governance in Fifth Schedule Areas and the progress under The Provisions of the Panchayats
(Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act in Jharkhand
“The Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the made substantial progress in implementing PESA in
Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996” popularly known as the notified areas. Table-4.13 gives details of PESA
PESA Act, mainly aims to protect the tribal population areas in Jharkhand and table-4.14 shows the status
from exploitation by making gram sabhas and gram of compliance of the State Panchayati Raj Acts with
panchayats, centres of self-governance, which lays section 4 of PESA-1996. Except for the restricted
special thrust to empower gram sabha which has not sale of intoxicants, owning minor forest-product
been conferred by any other Act in any state. Out of (MFP), preventing land alienation and control over
the 24 districts, 16 districts of Jharkhand are fully/ money lending, all other provisions of PESA have
partially covered under the PESA. Jharkhand has been fulfilled in the State.
Table 4.13: Details of notified Fifth Schedule Areas /PESA Areas in Jharkhand
Districts
Villages Panchayats Blocks
Fully covered Partially covered
13 3
Ranchi, Khunti, Lohardaga, Gumla, Simdega,
16022 2074 131 Latehar, West Singhbhum, East Singhbhum,
Palamu, Garhwa, Godda
SaraikelaKharsawan, Dumka, Jamtara,
Sahebganj and Pakur
Source: Annual Report-2021-22, Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India
Table 4.14: Compliance of State Panchayati Raj Acts with Section 4 of the PESA-1996
Provisions under clauses of Section 4 of PESA Status of compliance
Customary mode of conflict resolution by the Gram Sabha Yes
Selection of programme beneficiaries by the Gram Sabha Yes
GP to obtain UC from the Gram Sabha Yes
112
Provisions under clauses of Section 4 of PESA Status of compliance
Nomination by the State government of persons of the STs not represented in the inter-
Yes
mediate and district PRIs
Consultation with the Gram Sabha or PRI before land acquisition and resettlement Yes
Planning & management of water bodies by the Gram Sabha or PRI Yes
Recommendation by the Gram Sabha or PRI before the grant of prospecting license or
Yes
mining lease
Recommendations by the Gram Sabha or PRI before the exploitation of minor minerals Yes
Sub-clauses of Section- 4(m) Status of compliance
Restrictions in the sale of intoxicants No
Own MFP No
Prevention of land alienation No
Management of village markets Yes
Control over money lending No
Control over the social sector institutions and functionaries Yes
Control local plans and resources including Tribal sub-plans Yes

Source: Annual Report-2021-22, Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India
Progress under Capacity Building and Training Programmes

In order to enhance the capacities and productivities Building-Panchayat Sashaktikaran Abhiyan (CB-
of PRIs, their elected representatives and other PSA) for Capacity Building and Training (CB&T)
stakeholder, various schemes of capacity building with a focus on Gram Panchayat Development
and training have been launched in the state. The Plan (GPDP) was implemented during the financial
Rajiv Gandhi Panchayat Sashaktikaran Abhiyaan years 2016-17 and 2017-18. Following is a brief
(RGPSA) was implemented during the financial description of the progress under different capacity
year 2012-13 and the scheme was operational up building and training programmes currently
to the financial year 2015-16. After that, a Capacity operational in the state:
Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA)

The Government of India has launched the election and refresher training within two years.
restructured Centrally Sponsored Schemes of The RGSA lays thrust for SHG-PRI convergence
the Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA) for to ensure effective community mobilization. About
implementation from 01.04.2018 to 31.03.2022 with 45 trainings were scheduled under the RGSA for
the primary aim of strengthening the Panchayati the financial year 2021-22 in Jharkhand of which
Raj Institutions (PRIs) for achieving Sustainable about 28 were completed. Similarly, a total of 114
Development Goals (SDGs) with the main thrust trainings have been scheduled for the financial
on convergence with Mission Antyodaya and years 2022-23 of which about 65 of them have been
an emphasis on strengthening PRIs in the 117 completed. The total budget provisions of RGSA for
aspirational districts. The scheme has a programmatic the financial year 2021-22 is 9,036 lakhs rupees
focus for phased saturation mode on ensuring basic and of that about 1,290.40 lakhs rupees have been
orientation training for the elected representatives spent (table-4.15).
of the Panchayats, within six months of their
113
Table 4.15: Achievements of Trainings and Expenditure under the Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan
(RGSA)
Planned/Completed Value Financial Year
2021-22 Planned 45 2021-22
2021-22 Conducted 28 Budget Provisions in Lakh (central Expenditure in Lakh

and state share)
2022-23 Planned 114 9036 1290.4
2022-23 Conducted 65
Source: The Department of Panchayati Raj of the Government of Jharkhandand https://trainingonline.gov.in/
Gram Panchayat Development Plans (GPDPs) and People’s Plan Campaign (Sabki Yojana
Sabka Vikas)
The Gram Panchayat Development Plans are an in preparing Gram Panchayat Development Plans,
opportunity for the community to be engaged in a 'People's Plan Campaign' is run every financial
setting local development agendas and finding local year between 2nd October to 31st January. Table-
solutions to developmental issues. The Ministry of 4.16 shows the year-wise achievements in preparing
Panchayati Raj, Government of India has supported GPDPs/BPDPs/ZPDPs in Jharkhand. Figure-4.1
the states to develop state-specific guidelines for shows the achievements during the People's Plan
the Gram Panchayat Development-Plans which Campaign for Financial Year 2022-23.
converge all the resources over which the Panchayats
A total of 4,630 Panchayat Development Plans of the
have command including the FFC, MGNREGS,
state was approved for the financial year 2021-22 and
and Swachh Bharat funds. Under the stated scheme,
till September 2022, 4,624 Panchayat Development
Panchayats have been mandated for the preparation of
Plans have been approved for the financial year 2022-
the Panchayat Development Plan (PDP) for economic
23 (table-4.1). A series of activities were performed
development and social justice utilizing the resources
during the People's Plan Campaign for the financial
available to them. The PDP planning process has to be
year 2022-23. The campaign was run from October
comprehensive and based on a participatory process
2, 2022 to January 31, 2023. About 3,074 sabhas
that involves the full convergence with schemes of all
out of 3,077 scheduled sabhas were held during this
related Central Ministries / Line Departments related
time. About 5,382 facilitators were appointed and
to 29 subjects enlisted in the Eleventh Schedule of
about 5,096 front line workers were also nominated
the Constitution. To ensure people's participation
(figure-4.18).
Table 4.16: Year-Wise Achievements in Preparation and Approval of Panchayat Development Plans at
Panchayat levels in Jharkhand
2021-22 2022-23
Panchayats
Main Plan Ap-
Main Plan Ap-

proved (in %)
proved (in %)
Level of
Panchayats
Panchayats
Number of
Number of
Main Plan
Main Plan
Approved
Approved
Zila Panchayat 24 24 100.0 24 22 91.7

Block Panchayat 263 263 100.0 264 263 99.6
Gram Panchayat 4350 4343 99.8 4345 4339 99.9
Total 4637 4630 99.8 4633 4624 99.8
114
Figure 4.18: Achievements during People's Plan Campaign for Financial Year 2022-23 (as on February 1, 2023)
Line Department
Nodal Officers Facilitators Front Line Workers
Nodal Officers
216 5382 20 ZPs 0 5096 46 ZPs
167 BPs 685 BPs
Appointed Appointed Appointed Nominated
5195 GPs 4365 GPs
Sabhas Scheduled Sabhas Held Facilitator Feedback Sabha Images
3077 1 ZPs 3074 1 ZPs 3 0 ZPs 92 0 ZPs

18 BPs 15 BPs Facilitator' 0 BPs Sabha 0 BPs
Scheduled Held
3058 GPs 3058 GPs Report 3 GPs Images 92 GPs
Public Information Plan Uploaded in
Training Images Plan Approved in Sabha
Board Images eGramSwaraj (2022-23)
11 0 ZPs 19 0 ZPs 0 ZPDP
PIB 1 BPs 0 BPs 0 BPDP

Uploaded
Images 10 GPs 2 GPs 0 GPDP
Source: https://gpdp.nic.in/
Incentivization of Panchayats through Panchayat (NPRD) celebrated on 24th April every year. Various
Awards Conferring awards encourages Panchayat tiers of the panchayats of Jharkhand were awarded
representatives who make special efforts to create for their exemplary performances on the National
models for other panchayats and gram sabhas to follow Panchayat Awards Day- 2022. Table-4.17 shows
and draws public attention on their performance. The the details of the various tiers of panchayats which
awards are given on the National Panchayati Raj Day received awards for the appraisal year 2020-21.
Table 4.17: National Panchayat Awards- 2022 to Jharkhand (appraisal year 2020-21)
Deen Dayal Upadhyay Panchayat Sashaktikaran Puraskar- 2022, Jharkhand, 1+2+3=6
Tiers of Panchayat Names of Panchayats with hierarchy Category
of Award
District Intermediate/ Block Gram Panchayats/
(General/
Panchayats Panchayats Village Councils
Thematic)
Districts East General
Singhbum
(LGD Code:
327)
Intermediate/ Blocks Khunti Murhu General
(LGD Code:3228)
East Dumaria(LGD Code:3111) General
Singhbum
Gram Panchayats Giridih Birni Bangarkala(LGD General
Code:112718)
Khunti Birni Kapilo General
(LGD Code:112726)
East Singhbum Musabani Meriya General
(LGD Code:112404)
115
Nanaji Deshmukh Rashtriya Gaurav Gram Sabha Puraskar- 2022

District Panchayats Intermediate/ Block Panchayats Gram Panchayats/ Village Councils
Giridih Birni Bangarakala
(LGD Code :112718)
Gram Panchayat Development Plan Award- 2022
Giridih Birni Kapilo
(LGD Code: 112726)
Child-friendly Gram Panchayat Award- 2022
Bokaro Peterwar Bundu (LGDCode:111356)
Source: https://www.panchayat.gov.in/web/ministry-of-panchayati-raj-2/jharkhand
Recently Launched Schemes to Strengthen Panchayati Raj Institutions

Progress under Panchayat Citizen Charter
‘Meri Panchayat Mera Adhikaar- Jan Sevaayein the organisation from the Citizens for fulfilling the
Hamaare Dwaar’ is the motto of the Panchayat Citizen commitment of the organisation. Table- 4.18 shows
Charter’s Campaign. Citizen's Charter is a document the progress under panchayat citizen charter during
which represents a systematic effort to focus on the the financial year 2021-22 and 2022-23. During the
commitment of the organisation towards its citizens financial year 2022-23, till September, 2022, about
in respects of Standard of Services, Information, 4,342 gram sabhas have been scheduled and held in
Choice and Consultation, Non-discrimination and the state. Almost all gram panchayats (99.86 per cent
Accessibility, Grievance Redressal, Courtesy and of the total GPs) have prepared the citizen charter and
Value for Money. This also includes expectations of 99.38 per cent of them have already been approved.
Table 4.18: Progress under Panchayat Citizen Charter in Jharkhand (up to September, 2022)
2021-22 2022-23
Total GP Count 4350 4345
GPs with GS Scheduled 4350 4342
GPs with GS Held 4350 4342
Citizen Charter Feedback 4350 4342
No. of GPs with Citizen Charter Prepared 4350 4339
No. of GPs with Citizen Charter Approved 4347 4318
Prepared (in %) 100% 99.86%
Approved (%) 99.93% 99.38%
SVAMITVA
It is a Central sector scheme of the Ministry of drone technology and providing ‘Record of Rights’
Panchayati Raj which was launched nation-wide to village household owners with issuance of legal
on the National Panchayati Raj Day i.e., April ownership cards (Property cards/Title deeds) to the
24, 2021 after successful completion of the pilot property owners. The scheme is implemented with
phase of the scheme (2020-2021) in 9 States. The the collaborative efforts of the Ministry of Panchayati
scheme is a reformative step towards establishment Raj, State Revenue Department, State Panchayati Raj
of clear ownership of property in rural inhabited Department and Survey of India. The scheme covers
(Abadi) areas, by mapping of land parcels using multifarious aspects viz. facilitating monetization of
116
properties and enabling bank loan; reducing property rural India atmanirbhar.
related disputes; and comprehensive village level
The scheme has notified 757 villages out of a total of
planning. It will prove to be a stepping-stone towards
32,712 villages of Jharkhand and the Drone Survey
achieving Gram Swaraj in true sense and making
has been completed in 240 villages (Table- 4.19).
Table 4.19: Overall Progress under SWAMITVA in Jharkhand

Particulars Value
Total Village 32,727
Notified Village 757
Drone survey is completed (No. of Villages) 240
Maps handed over to state (No. of Villages) 238
Property Parcels Digitized 59,444
Source: https://svamitva.nic.in/svamitva/getPropertyCardDistributed.html
Conclusion
Visible changes of development are now common employment and a variety of livelihood opportunities
in the rural areas of Jharkhand and it is the outcome in the rural areas, have also been made under the
of proper execution of the well-designed policies Aajeevika Mission under the efficient leadership of
and programmes of the state. MGNREGA has been the JSLPS. The society has successfully created a
providing jobs on demand to almost cent per cent wide network of Self-Help Groups and other village
people (men and women both) in the rural areas or cluster level organisation. As of now, there are
belonging to different social groups regularly. During about 9,183 SHGs, 572 village-level organisations
the financial year 2021-22, about 37 lakhs persons and 16 cluster level federations active in the state.
demanded work in MGNREGA and they all were
Similar progresses have also been made in developing
offered employment. Similarly, during the financial
infrastructural facilities in the rural areas of the state.
year 2022-23 (as on January 22, 2023) about 26.6
Now the rural villagers of the state are well connected
lakhs people demanded work and they all have
with all-weather good roads. The PMGSY scheme
been offered the same. In this process, about 5.4
has successfully connected about 99 per cent of
crores persondays of employment have already been
the eligible habitations. For this, about 27 thousand
generated in the current financial year and about 32.6
kilometres of road length which is more than 83
thousand families have also completed 100 days of
per cent of the total sanctioned road length (33,053)
employment. The average wage rate of the workers in
have been constructed in the state under the different
this scheme has also increased significantly. This has
phases of the scheme. The rural households in the
increased by about 36 per cent between the financial
state are now living in pucca houses which have basic
years 2019-20 to 2022-23. The new schemes such
amenities such as toilets, electricity connections and
as Birsa Harit Gram Yojana (BHGY), Neelamber
clean drinking water. To make it happen, as of now,
Pitambar Jal Sammridhi Yojana (NPJSY) and Veer
about 14 lakhs houses which are about 87 per cent of
Sahid Poto Ho Khel Vikas Yojana (VSPHKVY) have
the total target have already been constructed under
also gained momentum and significant progress
the PMAY-G scheme in the state.
has been made under these schemes in the last two
financial years. As of now, the BHGY has benefitted The significant progress has also been made in
about 48 thousand families and about 47 lakhs fruit taking care of the social security needs of the people
bearing trees have been planted under the scheme. in the state. Apart from National Social Assistance
Similarly, about 49 per cent of the total started Programmes, some state specific social assistance
works under NPJSY and about 1,279 sports ground schemes are also operational in the state such as
under VSPHKVY have already been completed. Swami Vivekananda Nishakt Swalamban Protsahan
Similar progresses in providing employment/self- Yojana, State Social Security Old Age Pension
117
Scheme, Adim Jan Jati Pension Yojana, and Rajya requirements of the people. This has been possible
Vidhwa Samman Pension Yojana. At present, there due to the well-developed network of the PRIs in the
are about 33.47 lakh beneficiaries under the various state. At present, there are 4,345 GPs and 55 ULBs
Social Assistance Schemes in the state and about in the state. During the financial years 2021-22 and
58.31 per cent of them are female beneficiaries. Of 2022-23, about 4,630 and about 4,624 panchayat
the total, about 20.65 lakh beneficiaries are under the development plans were prepared in the state. During
state specific schemes. the financial year 2021-22, about 1500 crorerupees
were spent at different levels of panchayats. The
The Panchayati Raj Institutions are also playing
total available funds of about 1999 crore rupees were
crucial roles in developing, executing and
allotted as the 15th Finance Commission Grants to
monitoring village/region specific plans to develop
the state.
their respective regions as per the contemporary
118
Chapter 5
Urban Development
119
The state of Jharkhand has performed significantly Swachh Survekshan surveys of 2017 to 2022 for its
well in developing and managing its urban centres remarkably better performance in the field of urban
by providing livelihood opportunities and access cleanliness. Two ULBs of Jharkhand were awarded
to basic urban amenities such as housing, water, with the ‘Best Citizen Feedback’ under the Swachh
sanitation and hygiene, health facilities, transport Survekshan – 2022. While Jamshedpur received a 3
facilities etc, for its ever growing urban population. star rating and has been declared the cleanest city in
Substantial proportions of urban households in Jharkhand, Ranchi Smart City won the ‘Smart Cities
Jharkhand have access to basic amenities like Leadership Award’ in the India Smart Cities Awards
electricity (99 per cent), improved drinking-water Contest. Concerted efforts of the central as well
(95 per cent) and toilet facility (91 per cent). In the as the state governments through various welfare
arena of urban cleanliness, Jharkhand ranked second schemes have performed a crucial role in the urban
in the country in Swachh Survekshan - 2022 among development of Jharkhand which is evident through
the states with 100 urban local bodies (ULBs). The the outstanding performance of its leading urban
state has been awarded multiple times during the centres.
Urban Population in Jharkhand:

The level of urbanization indicates the percentage of have persistently low levels of urbanisation through
people residing in urban areas in contrast to that in decades i.e., below 10 per cent are Godda (4.9 per
the rural areas. It is also an indicator of the levels cent), Garhwa (5.3 per cent), Chatra (6.0 per cent),
of economic development of the region in question Gumla (6.4 per cent), Dumka (6.8 per cent), Latehar
as urbanization heralds economic development. The (7.1 per cent), Simdega (7.2 per cent) and Pakur (7.5
level of urbanization in the state of Jharkhand is per cent).
24.05 per cent according to the Census of India 2011
The decadal growth rate of the urban population in
which, as compared to the national average of 31.1
Jharkhand, according to Census 2001-2011, was
per cent, remains below the level of urbanization of
as high as 32.4 per cent. Such high levels of urban
the country. The district-wise levels of urbanization
growth have their repercussions evident in the form of
range from 58 per cent in Dhanbad to 5 per cent in
urban slums. The total urban population of Jharkhand
Godda as per the Census of India 2011. The five
residing in the urban slums was 372,999 and the total
highly urbanised districts which fare better even as
slum households were 72,554 as per the Census 2011.
compared to the national average are Dhanbad (58.1
About 72.4 per cent of the total slum population of
per cent), Purbi Singhbhum (55.6 per cent), Bokaro
Jharkhand resided in class-I cities alone. The capital
(47.7 per cent), Ramgarh (44.1 per cent) and Ranchi
city of Ranchi has the highest share of the slum
(43.1 per cent). The districts in Jharkhand which
population (19.9 per cent).
Socio-Economic Profile of Urban Jharkhand:

The socio-economic condition of the urban literacy (80 per cent). The health indicators also
population in Jharkhand depicts that although the portray a better status of urban Jharkhand with lower
poverty headcount ratio is much lower for the urban rates of neo-natal mortality rate (18 per cent), infant
areas, as compared to the overall state average of mortality rate (22 per cent), under-five mortality rate
both rural and the urban areas combined, the work (27 per cent), and children under 5 years who are
participation rate for population of age 15 years and underweight (30 per cent). These figures are much
aboveis also much lower in the urban areas (42 per lower as compared to the overall state average. The
cent) as compared to the state average (60 per cent). housing indicators reveal that the population living
The unemployment rate among the population of in the urban households have significantly higher
age 15 years and above is substantially higher in the access to basic amenities like electricity (99 per
urban areas (9 per cent) when compared to the overall cent), improved drinking-water source (95 per cent),
state average (3 per cent). The status of literacy is improved sanitation facility (76 per cent) and clean
way better in the urban areas of Jharkhand, both, fuel for cooking (71 per cent) vis-à-vis their rural
in the case of male (92 per cent) as well as female counterparts.
121
Urban Development
Table 5.1: Socio-Economic Profile of Urban Jharkhand
Economic Indicators
Urban 41.9 %
Worker Participation Rate (2020-21) – 15 years & above
Total 59.6 %
Urban 9.3 %
Unemployment Rate (2019-20) – 15 years & above
Total 3.1 %
Urban 24.8
Poverty Headcount Ratio (HCR) (2011-12)
Total 36.9
Multidimensional Poverty Head Count Ratio (2019-21) Urban 11.1
Total 36.6
Social Indicators
Urban 80.1 %
Women who are literate (2019-21)
Total 61.7 %
Urban 92.0 %
Men who are literate (2019-21)
Total 81.3 %
Urban 17.7 %
Neonatal mortality rate (NNMR) (2019-21)
Total 28.2 %
Urban 22.2 %
Infant mortality rate (IMR) (2019-21)
Total 37.9 %
Urban 27.3 %
Under-five mortality rate (U5MR) (2019-21)
Total 45.4 %
Urban 30.0 %
Children under 5 years who are underweight (2019-21)
Total 39.4 %
Housing Indicators
Urban 99.0 %
Population living in households with electricity
Total 94.3 %
Urban 94.6 %
Population living in households with an improved drinking-water source
Total 86.6 %
Urban 75.9 %
Population living in households that use an improved sanitation facility
Total 56.7 %
Urban 71.0 %
Households using clean fuel for cooking
Total 31.9 %
Source: Economic Survey of India, 2022-2023, Government of India and National Family Health Survey – 5,2019-21, State Fact
Sheet – Jharkhand.
122
Box 5.1: Urban Poverty in Jharkhand
Like the rest of the country,poverty in urban areas of Jharkhand has always been much less that that
in the rural areas or in the state on the whole. In the year 2011-12, the year when the percentage of
population below the consumption/calorie-based poverty line (Head Count Ratio) was calculated for
the last time, 36.9 per cent of the population of the state was below poverty line while the percentage of
urban poverty in the state was 24.8 per cent only.
In the year 2015-16, the year when the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was calculated in the
country for the first time, the percentage of multidimensional poor in the state was 42.16 per cent, while
that in it surban areas was 15.26 per cent only.
The MPI is a composite index of 12 indicators of deprivation of the people viz malnutrition, child
and adolescent mortality, maternal health, years of schooling, school attendance, access to cooking
fuel, sanitation, drinking water, electricity, housing, assets and bank account related with three most
important dimensions of human development comprising of health, education and standard of living.
Since, in the last five years, significant development has taken place in the state in these dimensions
of human development, the MPI both in the state and in its urban areas has declined substantially.
However, while the poverty in the state declined by 15.2 per cent, poverty in its urban areas declined
by 37.5 per cent. The poverty in the state declined from 42.16 per cent in the year 2015-16 to 36.6 per
cent in the year 2019-21 and in the state it declined from 15.26 per cent to 11.1 per cent in this period.
Figure 5.1: Incidence of Multidimensional Poverty in the Urban Areas of Jharkhand (HCR)
Urban Livelihood:
• National Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM)
The National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM) the livelihood concerns of the urban street vendors
was launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban by facilitating access to suitable spaces, institutional
Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA), Government of India credit, social security, and skills to the urban street
on September 23, 2013 by replacing the existing vendors for accessing emerging market opportunities.
Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY). Components of the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-
The primary target population group of NULM National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM):
is the urban poor including the urban homeless. There are five components under DAY-NULM which
The NULM is meant to focus on organizing urban are as follows:
poor in their strong grassroots-level institutions,
creating opportunities for skill development linked a) Social Mobilization and Institution
to market-oriented employment and promoting self- Development (SM&ID): The DAY-NULM
employment by ensuring easy access to credit. The envisages universal and social mobilization of the
mission also aims to provide shelter to the urban urban poor into Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and their
homeless along with basic services in a phased federations. The mission focuses on these elements
manner. The mission is also directed towards tackling with special attention to bank linkages to meet
123
Urban Development
the credit needs of the urban poor. The resource under this component. EDP training is to be provided
organizations (ROs)/ Community resource person to the beneficiaries before extending financial support
(CRPs) is provisioned to facilitate the formation of through RSETI/RUDSETI/any reputed institute.
SHGs, their federations and their development. The d) Support to Urban Street Vendors (SUSV):
mission has provisions to provide training and other The SUSV component of DAY-NULM proposes a
capacity-building support for the SHGs and their city-wide street vendor survey to identify vendors,
federations. It envisages universal financial inclusion vendor zones and existing practices. The provisions
which is to be achieved through ensuring financial under this component are to issue identity cards
literacy, the opening of basic savings bank deposit to the vendors which are to be done by the ULBs,
accounts and affordable insurance – life, health, and development of a city street vending plan and
pension. vendor market, provide bank linkages by way of
b) Employment through Skills Training opening basic savings bank deposit accounts of the
and Placement (EST&P): The EST&P component vendors, facilitate bank linkages for working capital
of DAY-NULM focuses on assisting with the requirements and social security convergence.
development/upgrading of the skills of the urban e) Scheme of Shelters for Urban Homeless
poor. Training is to be provided as per the industry (SUH): The SUH component of DAY-NULM
demand and the curriculum recognized nationally. proposes to provide shelters and essential services
The course duration for skill training programmes to the urban homeless. The shelters are categorised
is to be as per the National Skills Qualifications into general and special shelters. The general shelters
Framework (NSQF) aligned with the Modular include all shelters such as ‘men shelters’, ‘women
Employable Skills (MES) Sector Skill Council shelters’ and ‘family shelters’ whereas the special
(SSC) courses. Training is to be provided by reputed shelters are those which take into account the special
skill training providers (STPs) or by qualified needs of such segments of homeless persons, such
trainers. The certification for receiving skill training as old persons without care, mentally ill, recovering
patients and their families.
is to be done by recognized certification agencies
(CAs) i.e., the National Council of Vocational The SUH component envisages providing permanent
Training (NCVT)/SSC. The provisions under - 24x7 - all-weather community shelters for every 1
this component extend to placement (minimum lakh urban population. Each shelter must cater to 50
50 per cent candidates) and/or linkages for self- - 100 persons. All necessary infrastructural facilities
employment ventures wherein the STPs track the are to be put in place including a kitchen, water,
successful candidates for 6 months. sanitation, electricity, recreation, etc. A minimum
space of 5 square meters or 50 sq. feet per person is
c) Self-Employment Programme (SEP): The to be provided. The location of shelters must be close
SEP component of DAY-NULM focuses on providing to the places of concentration of homeless persons
financial assistance to individuals/groups of urban and their workplaces. There are provisions to set up
poor for setting up gainful self-employment ventures/ shelter management committees to run and manage
micro-enterprise. The component also supports SHGs the shelters.
of urban poor to access easy credit from the bank
and avail of interest subsidies on SHG loans. The At present (FY 2022-23 as on August 2022) the state
community organisers (COs) and professionals from has 56 shelter homes having 1585 beds. In last one
ULBs identify the prospective beneficiaries from year its number has not changed. In the year 2021-22
among the urban poor. No minimum educational also the number of shelter homes and the number of
qualification is required for prospective beneficiaries beds in these shelter homes were the same.
124
Table 5.2: Achievements under Social Mobilization and Institutional Development (SM&ID)
Achievements
Program monitoring parameter 2022-23 (Up to
2021-22 2020-21
31st August 22)
No. of Self-help groups formed under NULM 1899 4582 1491
No. of members of Self-help groups 18990 45820 15508
No. of Area level Foundation (ALF) formed under NULM 48 239 67
No. of City level federations formed under NULM 0 0 0
No. of SHG which got a Revolving Fund (RF) 1097 3687 622
Source: Urban Development & Housing Department, Government of Jharkhand
Table 5.3: Achievements under Employment through Skill Training and Placements (EST&P)
No. of Persons
2022-23 (Up to 31st August
Population 2021-22 2020-21
22)
category
Undergoing Completed Undergoing Completed Undergoing Completed
training training training training training training
ST 278 472 133 196 120 42
SC 291 327 151 174 360 28
Others 1064 4678 888 1890 633 172
Total 1633 5477 1172 2260 1113 242
Table 5.4: Achievements under Financial Inclusion & Self Employment Programme (SEP)
No. of Beneficiaries
Program monitoring parameter 2021-22 (up to 31st
2021-22 2020-21
August 22)
SEP - Individual 568 2070 753
SEP - Group 0 0 10
SHG Credit Linkage 6590 10790 2460
Total 7158 12867 3223
Table 5.5: Achievements under Support to Urban Street Vendors (SUSV)

Progress
Program monitoring parameter 2022-21 (Up to 31st
2021-22 2020-21
August 22)
Survey of Street Vendors
No. of cities to be covered for street vendors 50 0 50
Numberof cities in which vendor survey has started 50 6 0
125
Urban Development
Progress
Program monitoring parameter 2022-21 (Up to 31st
2021-22 2020-21
August 22)
No. of street vendors identified in surveyed cities
66135 28985 37150
(Biometric Survey)
No. of street vendors issued ID cards 14010 32292 1425
Others
No. of basic savings accounts opened for street
66135 28985 37150
vendors
No. of financial literacy camps organised for street
0 318 0
vendors
No. of street vendors trained under capacity building 0 12694 0
No. of credit cards issued to street vendors 0 0 0
No. of street vendors linked to the insurance scheme 291 4923 3829
Table 5.6: Shelter for Urban Homeless (SUH) Programme2022-23 (Up to 31st August 22)
No. of Shel- No. of No. of Shelter
Cities Cities No. of Beds
ter homes Beds homes
Chas 2 50 Khunti 1 20
Phusro 2 20 Jhumri Tilaiya 2 30
Chatra 1 15 Koderma 1 35
Deoghar 2 100 Latehar 1 30
Madhupur 1 35 Lohardaga 1 35
Chirkunda 1 50 Pakur 1 30
Dhanbad 3 150 Medininagar 1 50
Dumka 1 40 Chaibasa 1 25
Jamshedpur 6 198 Chakradharpur 1 25
Jugsalai 1 15 Ramgarh 1 35
Mango 2 65 Bundu 1 10
Garhwa 2 50 Ranchi 11 212
Giridih 1 25 Sahibganj 1 40
Godda 1 25 Adityapur 2 75
Gumla 1 25 Saraikela 1 15
Total 56 1585
126
• Mukhyamantri Shramik Yojana (MSY)
Mukhyamantri SHRAMIK Yojana (MSY) is a state the country returned to Jharkhand with no means of
Government sponsored project launched in August, livelihood. To ensure their livelihood and provide
2020. This project is being implemented by the wage employment, this ambitious scheme was
Directorate of Municipal Administration, Urban launched. The main objective of the scheme is to
Development and Housing Department, Government guarantee 100 days wage employment to the urban
of Jharkhand. Due to COVID-19, a large number unskilled labour/family in one financial year in
of labourers who were working in different parts of Jharkhand.
Table 5.7: Progress of Mukhyamantri SHRAMIK Yojana in Jharkhand

S No. Particulars Numbers
1. ULBs Covered 50
2. Total Job Cards Issued 78321
3. Total Employment Provided in Man Days 1881298
Table 5.8: Progress of Mukhyamantri SHRAMIK Yojana

(ULB-wise status as of November03, 2022)
Total Total Total Job
S. Total Job Card S. ULB
ULB Name Employment Employment Card
N. Generated N. Name
Days Days Generated
Hussain-
1 Adityapur 53147 2022 26 11318 876
abad
2 Bachra 4129 167 27 Jamshedpur 217801 8556
3 Barharwa 7811 733 28 Jamtara 15174 499
Jhumriti-
4 Barki Saraiya 7054 256 29 37141 1707
laiya
5 Basukinath 5321 275 30 Jugsalai 16943 647
6 Bishrampur 20414 752 31 Kapali 15297 469
7 Bundu 10752 581 32 Khunti 13942 571
8 Chaibasa 18059 601 33 Koderma 14428 365
Chakradhar-
9 19014 716 34 Latehar 16509 621
pur
10 Chakulia 4515 243 35 Lohardaga 24443 784
11 Chas 40000 1973 36 Madhupur 23933 853
12 Chatra 24554 737 37 Mahgama 10429 467
13 Chhatarpur 12492 598 38 Majhiaon 9320 820
14 Chirkunda 13428 522 39 Mango 97024 3018
Med-
15 Deoghar 66094 3457 40 50931 2139
ininagar
16 Dhanbad 226446 10966 41 Mihijam 9532 735
17 Dhanwar 11337 603 42 Nagaruttari 9695 599
127
Urban Development
Total Total Total Job

S. Total Job Card S. ULB
ULB Name Employment Employment Card
N. Generated N. Name
Days Days Generated
18 Domchanch 7037 434 43 Pakur 15960 619
19 Dumka 17385 606 44 Phusro 27697 1065
20 Garhwa 12619 777 45 Rajmahal 11105 488
21 Giridih 30805 2114 46 Ramgarh 46540 2737
22 Godda 16784 598 47 Ranchi 352914 12325
23 Gumla 35068 819 48 Sahibganj 31697 1104
24 Hariharganj 12654 1154 49 Seraikella 11783 424
25 Hazaribagh 83575 2556 50 Simdega 29248 1573
TOTAL 1881298 78321
• PM SVANidhi
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs first phase on January 04, 2021 and extended to 126
(MoHUA) launched the PM Street Vendor’s Atma ULBs on April 12, 2022.
Nirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) Scheme on June 01,
A total of 33.37 lakh loans amounting to 3,621 crore
2020, to facilitate collateral-free working capital
rupees have been disbursed across the country till
loans up to10,000 rupees of one-year tenure to street
July 12, 2022, out of which 31, 697 loans amounting
vendors to restart their businesses, which had an
to 3,404.95 lakhs rupees have been disbursed in the
adverse impact during the COVID-19 pandemic.The
state of Jharkhand. An amount of 54.42 crore rupees
scheme provides incentives in the form of interest
and 12.94 crore rupees has been paid as interest
subsidy at the rate of 7 per cent per annum on regular
subsidy and cashback respectively across the country
repayment of loans and cash-back up to ₹100 per
till July 12, 2022, out of which 68.39 lakhs rupees and
month on undertaking prescribed digital transactions.
12.89 lakhs rupees has been paid as interest subsidy
Further, on timely or early repayment, the vendors
and cashback respectively in the state of Jharkhand.
are eligible for an enhanced working capital loan
As on July 12, 2022, the socio-economic profiling of
of 20,000 rupees and 50,000 rupees respectively,
28.68 lakh beneficiaries and their family members
during the next cycle. Later on, the ‘SVANidhi se
has been completed and 25.80 lakh scheme sanctions
Samriddhi’ initiative, designed to build a safety net
have been facilitate dacross the country out of which
for the beneficiaries’families by linking them to the
24,980 street vendors and their family members have
existing 8 socio-economic welfare schemes of the
been profiled and 31,108 scheme sanctions have been
Government of India was added to the scheme. It was
facilitated under the ‘Svanidhi Se Samriddhi’ scheme
launched in 125 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in the
in the state of Jharkhand.
Table 5.9: Details of PM SVANidhi in Jharkhand (As of 12th July 2022)

Particulars Numbers / Amount
1st Loan - Number of Loans Disbursed 29,175
1st Loan - Disbursed Amount (in Rupees Lakhs) 2,901.05
2 Loan - Number of Loans Disbursed
nd
2,521
2nd Loan - Disbursed Amount (in Rupees Lakhs) 503.40
128
Particulars Numbers / Amount

3rdLoan - Number of Loans Disbursed 1
3rdLoan - Disbursed Amount (in Rupees Lakhs) 0.50
Cashback paid to Beneficiary (In Lakhs) 12.89
Interest Subsidy Paid to Beneficiary (In Rupees Lakhs) 68.39
Number of Street Vendors and Family Members profiled 24,980
Number of Schemes actions facilitated under ‘Svanidhi Se Samriddhi’ 31,108
Source: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India and PIB, ‘SVANidhi se Samriddhi’ initiative under PMSVANi-
dhi to build a safety net for the beneficiaries families,” dated 21st July 2022
Status of Sanitation and Water Supply in Urban Jharkhand:

The status of sanitation and water supply in urban in 2021-22 and it further increased to 21.2 per cent
areas of Jharkhand can be assessed through the extent during 2022-23 as on August 2022. The percentage
of coverage of households by toilet facility and supply of urban households with access to toilet facility in
of piped water. The percentage of urban households Jharkhand increased only marginally from 90.96 per
with access to piped water supply increased in cent in 2020-21 to 90.97 per cent in 2021-22 and
Jharkhand from 17 per cent in 2020-21 to 20 per cent further to 91 per cent in 2022-23 as on August, 2022.
Table 5.10: Availability of Piped water and Toilet in Urban Areas of Jharkhand
Year Total
No. of household 1029018

No. of households with piped water 218625
2022-23
Percentage of households with piped water 21.2 %
(Up to August 2022)
No. of households with toilet 936144
Percentage of households with toilet 91 %
Percentage of households with piped water 20%
2021-22
Percentage of households with toilet 90.97%
Percentage of households with piped water 17%
2020-21
Percentage of households with toilet 90.96%
• Swachh Bharat Mission Urban 2.0

The Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U) was SBM-U launched on October 01, 2021.
launched on October 02, 2014 for a period up to
SBM-U 2.0 was launched on October 01, 2021
30.9.2021 in all the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) of
to achieve “Garbage Free” status for all cities
the country with the primary objectives of achieving
through 100 per cent source segregation, door-to-
100 per cent Open Defecation Free (ODF) status
door collection of segregated waste and scientific
through construction of Individual Household
processing and management of all fractions of waste
Latrines (IHHLs) and Community/ Public Toilets
including its safe disposal in scientific landfills.
(CT/PTs). These facilities are also extended under
The scheme envisages remediation of all legacy
the SBM-U 2.0 which is the successor mission of
129
Urban Development
dumpsites by converting them into green zones. Out door collection of solid waste while 80 per cent of
of the total 1061 wards in urban Jharkhand, 87 per them (852 wards) have cent per cent door to door
cent of them (925 wards) have cent per cent door to segregation of solid waste.
Table 5.11: Financial and Physical Progress under the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) in Jharkhand
Central Share funds allocated and released under SBM-U for construction of toilets
(IHHL and CT/PT) (As on 7th April, 2022)
Mission period allocation Funds released
IHHL CT IHHL CT
92.41 21.08 71.30 4.16
Physical Progress
Total Number of Wards 1,061
No. of wards with 100% door to door Collection of waste 925
No. of wards with 100% door to door Segregation of waste 852
Individual Household Latrine
Mission Target 161713
Constructed 218686
Community & Public Toilets
Mission Target 12366
Constructed 9643
Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1814401and https://sbmurban.org/state-detail?id=JH&i=20, accessed on
14th February, 2023
Box 5.2: Jharkhand Ranks Second in Swachh Survekshan, 2022

The annual Swachh Survekshan Survey is conducted under the ambit of the Swachh Bharat Mission
(Urban) to assess the status of urban cleanliness. Jharkhand ranked second in the country in Swachh
Survekshan 2022 among the states with 100 urban local bodies (ULBs). Two ULBs were awarded under
the Swachh Survekshan 2022 - Chaibasa has been awarded for ‘Best Citizen Feedback in the Municipal
Bodies of Eastern Zone’ having population of 50000 to 100000 and Bundu has been awarded for ‘Best
Citizen Feedback in the Municipal Bodies of Eastern Zone’ having population of 15,000 to 25,000.
In Jharkhand, 15 ULBs were declared open defecation free (ODF), while 23 ULBs were declared ODF+.
Three ULBs namely Jamshedpur, Medininagar (Daltonganj) and Sahibganj were rated as ODF++.
Jamshedpur has been declared the cleanest city in Jharkhand and is the only city in Jharkhand to get
3 star rating, while Mango received 1 star rating.Three civic bodies of Jharkhand namely Jamshedpur
Notified Area Committee (in Jamshedpur), Mango and Medininagar municipal bodies of Jharkhand were
honoured for their better performance in the Indian Swachhta League.
The situation of Jharkhand was not very appreciable in Swachh Survekshan 2016, but in the subsequent
Swachh Survekshan surveys of 2017 to 2022, the state has been awarded multiple times for its remarkably
better performance in the field of urban cleanliness.
Source:https://sbmurban.org/ss-2022-result-dashboard;https://sbmurban.org/state-detail?id=JH&i=20;
https://www.dailypioneer.com/2022/state-editions/jharkhand-bags-second-spot-in-urban-cleanliness.
html, and https://avenuemail.in/jamshedpur-ranks-18th-in-swachh-survekshan-2022-down-from-12th-
last-year/
130
• Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)
AMRUT was launched on June 25, 2015 with the etc and to trim down pollution levels by improving
aim to provide basic amenities and services to urban public transport facilities and promoting non-
households and to inclusively improve the quality of motorized and pedestrian friendly transport.
life. Cities with a population of more than 1 lakh have
The Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs (MoHUA)
been covered under this mission. The objectives are
has identified 7 cities of Jharkhand to be covered
to ensure assured supply and access to tap water and a
under this mission. The selection has been done
sewerage facility for every household, beautification
based on data from Census 2011. The seven cities are
and gentrification of cities by creating, maintaining,
Dhanbad, Ranchi, Deoghar, Hazaribagh, Adityapur,
and upgrading green spaces, parks, recreation centres
Chas and Giridih.
Table 5.12:Allocation and Expenditure under AMRUT
2021-22 2022-23 (Up to 9thFebruary, 2023)

Schemes
Total Expenditure Total Expenditure
Total Total
project as % of total project as % of total
expenditure expenditure
cost Project Cost cost project cost
Water supply
1334.18 602.27 45 % 1334.18 697.85 52.30 %
scheme
Sewerage
& Septage 251.5 141.84 56.40 % 251.5 165.41 65.77 %
Management
Parks 29.38 29.38 100 % 29.38 29.38 100 %
Total 1615.06 773.49 47.90 % 1615.06 892.64 55.27 %

Table 5.13: Achievements under Water Supply Schemes (Till 9thFebruary, 2023)
(In Rs. Crore)
Financial
Name of scheme Total project cost Total expenditure
achievements
Hazaribagh Water Supply 416.56 218.42 52.43%
Chas Water Supply 129.29 67.57 52.23%
Giridih Water Supply 36.32 28.14 77%
Adityapur Water Supply 326.55 156.25 47.85%
Dhanbad Water Supply (Ph-I) 159.31 59.44 37.31%
Ranchi Water Supply (Ph-I) 266.15 168.03 63.13%
Total 1334.18 697.85 52.30%

131
Urban Development
Table 5.14: Achievements under Sewerage & Septage Management schemes
(Till 9thFebruary, 2023) (In Rs. Crore)
Name of scheme Total project cost Total expenditure Financial achievements

Adityapur Sewerage 217.84 152.10 69.82%
Deoghar Septage 9.97 3.74 37.51%
Giridih Septage 6.87 5.79 84.28%
Hazaribagh Septage 7.85 3.78 48.15%
Chas Septage 8.97 0 -
Total 251.50 165.41 65.77%
Similarly, AMRUT 2.0 Mission was launched on APEX committee, Govt. of India has approved 61
October 1, 2021 with an intent to provide universal Projects for Jharkhand consisting of 16 water supply
coverage of water supply, waterbody rejuvenation, projects and 45 waterbody rejuvenation projects
Greenspace development/Park across all ULBs and worth Rs. 1203.99 crore (CAPEX). Out Of the 61
Wastewater Management in 7 AMRUT cities of projects approved by the APEX committee, the
Jharkhand. Under the Mission, Govt. of India has tender of 47 projects is getting processed whereas
allocated 1183.00 crore rupees as central assistance DPR of the remaining projects is under technical
for implementation of the aforesaid projects. To date, sanction.
• Namami Gange Programme

The ‘Namami Gange Programme,’ is an integrated There is no state-wise allocation. However, the
conservation mission, approved as a ‘Flagship amount released/expended by the National Mission
Programme’ of the union government in June, for Clean Ganga (NMCG) to the state of Jharkhand
2014 with a budget outlay of 20,000 crore rupees for implementation of projects, from 2014-15 up to
to accomplish the twin objectives of effective 31st October 2022, is 250.005 crore rupees. Under
abatement of pollution, conservation and the Namami Gange Programme (NGP), during the
rejuvenation of the National River Ganga. Under last three years, a total of 51 new sewerage treatment
Namami Gange Programme, a comprehensive set plants having a total capacity of 936.42 million litres
of interventions such as wastewater treatment, solid per day (MLD) have been constructed out of which 3
waste management, riverfront management (ghats new sewerage treatment plants (STP) having a total
and crematoria development), e-flow, afforestation, capacity of 15.50 MLD have been completed in the
biodiversity conservation and Public Participation state of Jharkhand as on July 21, 2022.
have been taken up for the rejuvenation of the river
Under the NGP, state level annual action plans are
Ganga and its tributaries.
prepared and based on that, it was targeted that
Namami Gange Programme was launched in June, 127 sewerage and Ghat/crematoria projects were
2014 for a period up to March 31, 2021. A total to be completed from 2019-20 to 2022-23. Out of
of 13,624.86 crore rupees were provided for the the targeted 127 projects, 80 projects have been
programme in the budgets for 2014-15 to 2020-21, completed nationwide till July 2022.The government
out of which 10,217.02 crore rupees was released to of India releases funds to the National Mission for
the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG). The Clean Ganga (NMCG), which is the empowered
programme was subsequently extended up to March nodal agency for the implementation of the Namami
31, 2026. 4,700 crore rupees have been provided for Gange program nationwide. NMCG releases funds
the programme in the budgets for 2021-22 and 2022- to the state governments /state missions for Clean
23 (BE). Ganga/CPSUSs/ Other Executing Agencies.
132
Table 5.15: Amounts released/expended by the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) to various
agencies of Jharkhand(As on July, 2022)
Financial Year Amounts released/expended by NMCG (in Rs crore)
2017-18 21.72
2018-19 74.23
2019-20 30.50
2020-21 28.03
2021-22 13.61
Total 168.09
Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1845902
Urban Housing:
• Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna – Urban:
‘Housing for all by 2022’ is a comprehensive mission The implementation period of the mission was 2015-
launched by the central government on June 25, 2022 during which central assistance was provided to
2015. It is an initiative by the Prime Minister of the ULBs and other implementing agencies through
India to provide affordable housing to the urban poor the respective states for in situ rehabilitation of the
including the slum dwellers. ‘Housing for All’ is one existing slum dwellers using land as a resource
of the major flagship programmes being implemented through private participation, affordable housing
by the Government of India to provide all-weather in partnership, credit linked subsidy and provision
pucca houses to all eligible beneficiaries in the urban of subsidy for beneficiary-led individual house
areas of the country. The scheme covers the entire construction or enhancement. The union cabinet has
urban area of the country, i.e., all statutory towns as approved the proposal of the Ministry of Housing
per Census 2011 and towns notified subsequently, and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) for the continuation of
including Notified Planning/ Development Areas. The the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban (PMAY-U)
scheme is being implemented through four verticals: up to December 31, 2024 wherein financial
Beneficiary Led Construction/ Enhancement (BLC), assistance is to be provided for the completion of the
Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP), In-situ already sanctioned houses till March 31, 2022. The
Slum Redevelopment (ISSR) and Credit Linked continuation of the scheme based on the request of
Subsidy Scheme (CLSS). While the Govt of India States/UTs up to December 31, 2024 will help in the
provides financial assistance, the state Govt/UTs completion of the already sanctioned houses under
implement the scheme including the selection of BLC, AHP & ISSR verticals.
beneficiaries.
Table 5.16: Physical and Financial Progress of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban (PMAY-U) in
Jharkhand (as on 23.01.2023)
Particulars Numbers
Project Proposal Considered 453
Physical Progress of Houses (Nos)
Sanctioned 2,34,369
Grounded 2,08,787
Completed / Delivered 1,17,559
133
Urban Development
Financial Progress (in Crores)

Investment 11,646.17
Central Assistance - Sanctioned 3,686.64
Central Assistance - Released 2,535.21
Source: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India
Table 5.17: City-Wise Physical and Financial Progress of the PMAY-U in Jharkhand
(As on 23.01.2023)
Financial Progress (₹ in Cr.) Physical Progress (Nos)
Sr. Central Central Houses
City Invest- Houses Houses
No. Assistance Assistance Sanc-
ment Grounded* Completed*
Sanctioned Released tioned
1 Nagar Uttari 214.81 88.94 42.58 5,929 5,829 1,450
2 Bachra 2.64 1.09 0.07 73 11 -
3 Domchanch 46.78 19.38 11.94 1,292 1,045 531
4 Dhanvar 8.36 3.44 0.79 229 225 14
5 Badki Saraiya 6.23 2.53 0.23 168 157 31
6 Telodih 0.25 0.02 0.02 1 1 1
7 Gidhni 0.17 0.04 0.04 2 2 2
8 Ratanpur 0.13 0.05 0.05 2 2 2
9 Lalpur 0.29 0.08 0.08 4 4 4
10 Barhampur 0.85 0.06 0.06 3 3 3
11 Mahagama 62.84 25.93 5.51 1,728 1,318 52
12 Barharwa 73.57 30.34 11.45 2,022 1,863 478
13 Bokaro 12.17 2.07 2.07 102 102 102
14 Kala Pather 0.15 0.02 0.02 1 1 1
15 Nawadi 2.28 0.24 0.24 11 11 11
16 Narayanpur 0.13 0.02 0.02 1 1 1
17 Tentulia 4.91 0.68 0.68 33 33 33
18 Satanpur 0.62 0.09 0.09 4 4 4
Satgawan Alias
19 47.28 19.52 3.06 1,300 1,193 2
Hariharganj
20 Chatarpur 127.13 52.67 21.02 3,511 3,414 571
21 Jhinkpani (CT) 0.14 0.02 0.02 2 2 2
22 Kapali 6.7 2.77 0.76 185 172 37
23 Majhion 130.36 54 36.96 3,600 3,520 2,222
134

24 Garhwa 149.36 55.87 36.18 3,721 3,654 1,915
25 Chatra 106.62 44.17 21.93 2,944 2,365 1,390
26 Koderma 46.65 17.93 13.84 1,193 1,132 917
27 Jhumri Tilaiya 179.15 71.94 58.84 4,777 4,688 3,304
28 Giridih 439.35 177.07 121.82 11,779 10,654 5,533
29 Deoghar 673.41 255.75 165.96 16,942 16,479 9,082
30 Madhupur 200.7 81.15 45.37 5,408 5,256 2,605
31 Godda 230.85 91.8 57.6 6,081 5,913 2,864
32 Sahibganj 139.59 55.08 34.85 3,667 3,049 1,986
33 Rajmahal 75.86 31.43 19.97 2,096 2,045 1,001
34 Pakur 132.71 49.76 29.56 3,306 2,979 1,467
35 Dhanbad 1,010.30 281.2 272.03 16,117 15,298 11,030
36 Chirkunda 42.86 17.08 13.89 1,133 1,100 654
37 Phusro 14.19 5.17 6.13 335 443 413
Chas (Bokaro
38 419.67 138.81 117.24 8,705 8,521 5,130
Steel City)
39 Lohardaga 185.73 75.75 71.33 5,029 5,705 4,187
40 Mango 75.06 19.17 24.34 1,217 917 843
41 Jamshedpur 1,180.44 207.89 126.73 12,861 12,861 2,905
42 Jugsalai 12.76 2.79 1.12 181 84 72
43 Chakulia 97.53 40.37 25.44 2,691 2,643 1,649
44 Hussainabad 77.7 32.1 23.51 2,138 2,121 1,713
45 Bishrampur 188.72 78.02 47.34 5,199 5,014 2,774
46 Medininagar 259.74 102.69 44.73 6,827 6,492 1,849
47 Latehar 85.11 35.26 25.36 2,350 2,327 1,590
48 Hazaribagh 368.78 121.99 77.29 7,852 7,899 4,416
Ramgarh
49 186.94 74.47 55.28 4,935 4,720 2,588
Cantonment
50 Basukinath 137.49 56.96 31.57 3,797 3,502 1,512
51 Dumka 121.92 47.73 28.38 3,179 2,875 1,385
52 Jamtara 164.79 66.31 39.09 4,396 4,158 2,028
135
Urban Development

53 Mihijam 102.7 39.11 18.23 2,601 3,034 1,280
54 Ranchi 2,454.53 584.07 440.67 33,675 21,824 16,707
55 Bundu 48.26 18.33 14.98 1,220 1,220 1,100
56 Khunti 158.1 61.39 31.32 4,077 3,942 1,827
57 Gumla 237.82 97.1 68.89 6,463 6,868 4,355
58 Simdega 157.4 65.18 46.43 4,345 4,231 2,499
59 Chakardharpur 93.17 36.27 31.86 2,395 2,369 1,738
60 Chaibasa 70.47 27.83 22.54 1,848 1,768 1,337
61 Adityapur 310.51 70.73 47.26 4,481 4,244 1,582
62 Seraikela 34.53 11.61 8.14 758 979 793
Source: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India
Table 5.18: Details of the Number of Houses Completed and Central Assistance Released during each
of the Last Three Years (FY2019-2022) under PMAY-U in Jharkhand
Number of Houses Completed
2019-20 12,775
2020-21 24,029
2021-22 10,985
Central Assistance Released(₹ in Cr.)
2019-20 331.12
2020-21 535.22
2021-22 260.35
Source: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India and PIB https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx-
?PRID=1843427
Table 5.19: Achievements in Jharkhand under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna – Housing for all (till
August, 2022)
Particulars Numbers
The total target of houses to be constructed in different verticals under PMAY 2,15,242
The total demand of houses till date in different verticals under PMAY 2,15,242
i Beneficiary-led construction (BLC) 1,82,541
ii Credit-linked subsidy scheme (CLASS) 13,898
136
Particulars Numbers
iii In-Situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR) 0
iv Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP) 32,701
Total towns covered 50
Total sanctioned projects 455
Total sanctioned dwelling units 1,82,541
Financial details in
Particulars Rs. lakhs
Total project cost 8994,69.69

Total central share 3228,63.00
Total state share 1696,06.75
Central share released 2101,76.10
Total expenditure (till 31.8.22) 2012,74.97
Table 5.20:Expenditure on Urban Development and Housing in Jharkhand

(Rs. In Lakh)
Year 2021-22 2020-21 2019-20
Revised Budget Allocation (Rs. In Lakhs)
Plan Est. Plan Est. Plan Est.
Housing 600.00 130.02 600.00 111.06. 100.00 115.22
Urban
262022.21 14291.51 310590.00 19260.97 295683.92 21569.12
Development
Total 262622.21 14421.53 311190.00 19372.03 295783.92 21684.34
Actual Expenditure (Rs. In Lakhs)
Housing 600.00 130.02 600.00 58.87 0.00 115.22
Urban
243109.20 12164.70 288437.33 16274.17 273358.51 18733.04
Development
Total 243709.20 12294.72 289037.33 16333.04 273358.51 18733.04
Urban Transport:
The status of road infrastructure in the cities and roads. There is also a significant share of Kuccha
towns of Jharkhand depict that among the types of roads in the urban areas of Jharkhand i.e., about 11
roads, there is a higher proportion of concrete roads per cent of the roads in the Municipal corporations,
i.e., about 57 per cent of the roads in the Municipal 23 per cent in the Municipal councils and 27 per cent
corporations, 54 per cent in the Municipal councils in the Nagar Panchayats are Kuccha roads which
and 46 per cent in the Nagar Panchayats are concrete need immediate attention.
137
Urban Development
In terms of the road infrastructure created in the cities (21 per cent). However, during the subsequent year,
and towns of Jharkhand during 2021-22 and 2022-23 there was a higher proportion of paved block roads
(Up to August 2022), there was a higher proportion of created (44 per cent) followed byconcrete roads (36
concrete roads created (44 per cent) during 2021-22 per cent) and Kuccha roads (11 per cent).
followed by Tar roads (24 per cent) and Kuccha roads
Table 5.21: Status of Road Infrastructure in Cities and Towns (up to August, 2022)
Distribution of roads by types (In km)
Type of city/ town Paved Total

Kuccha Tar Concrete WBM Brick
block
roads roads roads roads roads
roads
511.2 710.3 2725.4 170.6 630.6 2.5 4750.6

Municipal corporations
10.8 % 15.0 % 57.4 % 3.6 % 13.3 % 0.1 % 100 %
388.24 201.3 925.25 110.2 49.67 26 1700.66

Municipal councils
22.8 % 11.8 % 54.4 % 6.5 % 2.9 % 1.5 % 100 %
305.36 102.25 513.25 112.23 85.23 7.7 1126.02

Nagar Panchayats
27.1 % 9.1 % 45.6 % 10.0 % 7.6 % 0.7 % 100 %
Table 5.22: Road Infrastructure in Cities and Towns created in 2021-22 and 2022-23
(Up to August 2022)
Distribution of roads by types (In km)

Type of city/ town Total
Kutcha Tar Concrete Paved block WBM Brick
roads roads roads roads roads roads
610.23 700.32 1300.23 188.25 170.36 8 2977.39

2021-22
20.5 % 23.5 % 43.7 % 6.3 % 5.7 % 0.3 % 100 %
187.65 116.76 611.519 746.8 14.6 3 1680.33

2022-23 (up to
August 2022)
11.2 % 6.9 % 36.4 % 44.4 % 0.9 % 0.2 % 100 %
138
Box 5.3: “Shanivar-No Car” campaign to Promote Urban Cycle Programme in Ranchi
The “Shanivar-No Car” campaign has been started in Ranchi by Ranchi Smart City Corporation Limited in
association with the Ranchi Municipal Corporation since March 2021 to use bicycles atleast on Saturday for
work purposes. To address the mobility challenges, the government of Jharkhand has launched several sustainable
transport initiatives to make walking, cycling, and public transport safe, comfortable and convenient. Bicycle
sharing is considered a key element among these strategies.
Public Bicycle Sharing System aims to encourage Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) as a “pollution-free urban
mobility option” and last-mile connectivity to boost the use of public transport. It is planned for wide-area
coverage to ensure rich connectivity for colonies, coaching institutes, colleges, parks, offices/employment zones
and major locations. Public Bicycle Sharing (PBS) system at Ranchi is being supported by VGF under a PPP mode
contract to cover operation andmaintenance costs. The existing revenue stream includes user fees, advertising and
subscriptions for PBS service at Ranchi.
PBS was live on March 03, 2019 with 600 bicycles and 60 docking stations installed at major locations in Phase-I.
The system is now expanding to uncovered areas of Ranchi with 600 more bicycles and additional docking stations
in Phase II in sync with the major interchange and public transport route network. A total of 8,88,141 bicycle
rides have been recorded with a total registered member of 1,09,608 users till June, 2022. The PBS has covered
26,14,010 km distance till now and is still going strong. All bicycles are enabled with 3 gear options for smooth
riding. PBS has a fully automated locking/unlocking mobile app system for the rider without human interference.
All docking station is geo-fenced ensuring that all rides are completed from the origin docking station to the
destination docking station. A dedicated call centre (24X7) is functioning to resolve riders’ issues and grievances.
The docking stations are placed at the major interchange in sync with the public transport system. Specially
designed parts with GPS locking systems of bicycles are installed to discourage theft either partly or whole. Real-
time monitoring is maintained for all stations through the GPS Map.
PBS at Ranchi has reduced emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) by approximately 8,00,425 kg till Aug 30, 2022.
The PBS is acting as an affordable mode of transportation for daily earnerstoo.The city is committed to provide a
safe, accountable, affordable, and inclusive mobility environment for its citizens.
Urban Healthcare System:

• Ayushman Bharat
The Ayushman Bharat scheme strives for universal Sub Health Centres (SHCs), Primary Health Centres
health coverage through two inter-related components (PHCs) and Urban PHCs (UPHCs) across the country
– establishment of Health and Wellness Centres into Ayushman Bharat -Health and Wellness Centres
(HWCs) to provide free and quality healthcare closer (AB-HWCs). Out of the 1645 functional AB-HWCs
to people’s homes and Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya in Jharkhand as on December 14, 2021, there are
Yojana (PM-JAY), a health insurance cover for poor 1413 SHCs, 178 PHCs and 54 Urban Primary Health
and vulnerable families. The Ministry of Health and Centres (UPHCs).
Family Welfare (MoHFW) is transforming existing
• National Urban Health Mission (NUHM)

The National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) care needs of the urban population with a focus on
as a sub-mission of the National Health Mission urban poor, by making available to them essential
(NHM) which has been approved by the Cabinet primary health care services and reducing their out of
on May 01, 2013. NUHM envisages to meet health pocket expenses for treatment. This can be achieved
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Urban Development
by strengthening the existing health care service will be supported under the NUHM.
delivery system, targeting the people living in slums
• 24.69 lakhs rupees for HWC training on
and converging with various schemes relating to
wider determinants of health like drinking water, CBAC-Population enumeration for 823
sanitation, school education, etc. NUHM covers all U-ASHAs@3000 in FY 2022-23 (shifted from
state capitals, district headquarters and cities/towns rural to urban) and 12.50 lakhs rupees for
with a population of more than 50000. It primarily Refresher-HWC training-CBAC-Population
focuses on slum dwellers and other marginalized enumeration for 2500 Urban Sahiyas. @ 500/
groups like rickshaw pullers, street vendors, railway
rupees per Sahiya in the FY 2023-24.
and bus station coolies, homeless people, street
children and construction site workers. • 150.00 lakhs rupees for AB-HWC incentive for
Under the Comprehensive Primary Healthcare (CPHC) 2500 urban Sahiya @ 6000/ rupees annum in
programme, for the development and operations of the financial years 2022-23 & FY 2023-24.
Urban Health & Wellness Centres, 792.79 lakhs rupees • For Wellness activities at Urban HWCs, 16.20
were approved in 2022-23 and 738.85 lakhs rupees lakhs rupees have been approved @Rs. 0.30
in the FY 2023-24 for Jharkhand for the purpose of lakhs/unit for 54 UPHC-HWC in the FY 2022-
spending on the following activities: 23 and 18.00 lakhs rupees @Rs. 0.30 lakhs/unit
• 17.00 lakhs rupees for infrastructure for 60 UPHC-HWC in the FY 2023-24 for yoga
strengthening of 17 UPHC to UPHC-HWC @ session training at UPHC-HWC.
Rs.1.00 lakhs/unit in the FY 2022-23. • Under the Outreach activities, 24.80 lakhs rupees
• 56.00 lakhs rupees for large screen TV set in have been approved for special outreach camp
the FY 2022-23 @Rs. 1.00 lakhs/unit for 56 10000/ rupees camp/Quarter for 62 UPHCs
health facilities for procurement of large screen in the FY 2022-23 and 30.80 lakhs rupees for
television set and other relevant equipment for special outreach camp 10000/ rupees camp/
display of yoga sessions, Wellness activities etc. Quarter for 77 UPHCs in the FY 2023-24.
for all health related programs. For the state to • To operationalise Evening Immunization Vans,
share the output of the initiatives such as the 36.445 lakhs rupees have been approved for
number of wellness activities increased/ number 37 UPHC at Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Bokaro,
of patient foot fall increased at UCHC/UPHCs. Dhanbad, Hazaribagh, Deoghar and Saraikela
• 500.50 lakhs rupees for the procurement of free @ 0.985 rupees lakhs/unit for 37 UPHCs in the
drugs at 77 UPHC-HWC @Rs. 6.50 lakhs/annum/ financial years 2022-23 and 2023-24.
UPHC in the financial years 2022-23 & 2023-24. • City level Health Camps to be set up with the
• 8.00 lakhs rupees for recurring expenditure @ approved amount of 4.4 lakhs rupees in each FYs
Rs. 0.50 lakhs/ annum/UPHC for 16 UPHCs @ 0.10 lakhs rupees per camp per Quarter for
in the FY 2022-23 and 37.00 lakhs rupees for Sanitation worker /Rag picker/ Rickshaw puller
recurring expenditure @Rs. 1.5 lakhs/unit for 16 / street venders in 11 cities/towns viz. Ranchi,
health facilities in the FY 2023-24. As per NPCC Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Bokaro, Deogarh,
discussion, the state has agreed that 51 UPHCs Hazaribagh, Palamu, Ramgarh, Saraikela,
will be supported under FC-XV and 16 UPHCs Dumka and Sahibganj in coordination with the
Municipality/Municipal corporations.
140
Table 5.23: District-wise Approved Staff Positions under NUHM in Jharkhand as per RoP 2022-24
Number of Ongoing Positions
Sl.
District Medical Officer Medical Officer
No. Staff Nurse ANM
(Part Time) - Full Time
1 Bokaro 8 21 37 8
2 Chatra 1 2 5 1
3 Deoghar 5 10 21 4
4 Dhanbad 10 26 42 8
5 Dumka 1 2 5 1
6 East Singhbhum 9 26 45 9
7 Garhwa 1 2 5 1
8 Giridih 2 4 8 1
9 Godda 1 2 5 1
10 Gumla 1 2 5 1
11 Hazaribagh 3 6 12 3
12 Jamtara 0 0 0 0
13 Khunti 1 2 5 1
14 Koderma 2 4 8 2
15 Latehar 0 0 0 0
16 Lohardaga 1 2 5 1
17 Pakur 1 2 5 1
18 Palamu 5 8 17 5
19 Ramgarh 3 6 15 3
20 Ranchi 12 32 58 9
21 Sahibganj 2 4 10 2
22 Saraikela 4 8 18 4
23 Simdega 1 2 5 1
24 West Singhbhum 2 3 7 2
Total 76 176 343 69
Source: DRE 2022-24, National Health Mission (NHM), Jharkhand Government, https://jrhms.jharkhand.gov.in/node/8055
• Atal Clinic
To enhance the healthcare delivery system in urban Jharkhand. The Atal clinic is to function as a normal
areas, the state government had initially launched outdoor patients’ department and offer free treatment
25 atal clinics in 17 districts across the state with and medicines for normal health problems. Pregnant
a target to open as many as 100 Atal clinics across women can seek free medical consultation at the
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Urban Development
clinic, which can also conduct tests for anaemia, total empanelment of 77 doctors. Most number of
tuberculosis, and malaria.Currently, a total of 99 functional Atal Clinics are in the Purbi Singhbhum
atal clinics have been established till September, district (16) followed by Ranchi (12) and Dhanbad
2022, out of which98 clinics are functional with a (12).
Table 5.24: Status Report of Atal Mohalla Clinic, Jharkhand (As of September, 2022)
Urban Beautification and Rejuvenation:

In the ‘Parks scheme’ under AMRUT, 35 Park projects projects initiated by the Government of Jharkhand
have been completed in 7 ULBs (5 Parks per ULB) across urban areas, 13 water bodies have been
as part of the town beautification programme. Under rejuvenated out of which 9 are in Hazaribagh, 3 in
the Beautification and Rejuvenation of Water Bodies Basukinath and 1 in Dhanbad.The Rajendra Sarovar
142
Park in Dhanbad has been rejuvenated under this bodies is in process out of which 5 are in Bishrampur
project. Beautification and rejuvenation of 6 water and 1 in Chirkunda.
Table 5.25: Achievements under Parks scheme (till 9thFebruary, 2023) (In Rs. Crore)
Total project Total Financial
Name of scheme
cost expenditure achievements
35 Park projects have been completed in 7

29.38 29.38 100%
ULBs (5 Parks in each ULB)
Table 5.26: Achievements under Beautification and Rejuvenation of Water Bodies

No. of
S
City Water Beautification and Rejuvenation Remarks
No.
Bodies
Project Status
1 Basukinath 3
Completed
2 Chirkunda 1 Project Under Process
Project Status
3 Dhanbad 1 Rajendra Sarovar Park
Completed
Zabra Talab, Heth Tola Talab, Kaunendi
Talab, Joda Talab, Dhobiya Talab, Project Status
4 Hazaribagh 9
Hurhuru Talaab, Charwa Talab, Jheel, Completed
Krishna Puri Talab
Beautification Dihwar Pond I, II,Nawadih
5 Bishrampur 5 ward no.18, Beautification of Pond in Project Under Process
Ward no. 14 &20
Godaani Pond, Chhath pokhra pond,
The proposal has
Chanaini, Panchsarovar pond, & park,
6 Hussainabad been administratively
Proposal has been administratively
approved.
approved.
Jail Road Pond, Ward no-08, DPR have
7 Saraikela 1 DPR has been prepared
been prepared
Ranchi Smart City (Smart Cities Mission):

Ranchi was selected to be developed as smart city in replicated in other parts of the city. The Government
2016 under the fast track round of Smart City Mission. of Jharkhand envisions to make Ranchi smart city:
The state government made the Smart City Proposal A Knowledge hub for educational excellence along
with an intent to establish SPV as self-sustaining with an efficiently managed traffic and transportation
revenue generation entity. It planned to develops state system-based city aided by Information Technology.
of the art Greenfield Township on 656 acres of land ABD and Pan city are 2 components of Ranchi Smart
in the heart of the city to act as a model that can be City under which various project are going on.
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Urban Development
Area based development in Ranchi Smart City single platform, consequently resulting in aggregated
envisages development of a Greenfield project city level information and services delivery for better
of 647.08 acre in HEC, Dhurwa. It focuses on operation and management of the city.
excellence in education along with provision of basic
Public Bicycle Sharing System is implemented by
amenities like drinking water, sanitation, sewage, and
Ranchi Smart City under the PPP Mode. PBS has
solid waste management in a much smarter way to
gone live on March 03, 2019 with 600 Bicycle and
address the challenges of urban infrastructure issues
60 Docking Stations. The system is now expending
posed by Ranchi’s rapidly growing urban population.
in untouched area at Ranchi with 600 more bicycles.
This area is well within the municipal area within 5
All docking stations are placed at major interchange
kms distance from the central business district (CBD)
in sync with public transport system to offer first and
and close proximity to the proposed capital complex,
last mile connectivity. PBS aims to encourage NMT
airport and Hatia railway station.
as “pollution free urban mobility option” and real-
Under Pan city projects RSCCL has implemented time monitoring of active customer, rentals, total
Command Control and Communication Centre available cycles is being done by the RSCCL.
project & Public Bicycle Sharing System. Command
List of all Projects along with their status under
Control and Communication Centre as a state of art IT
Ranchi Smart City as on 31st January 2022 are as
infrastructure is offering a collaborative framework
follows:
where inputs from different smart solutions and
elements are being assimilated and analysed on a
Table 5.27: Physical Progress of all Projects under Ranchi Smart City
(As on 31st January 2022)
Sl. Project Physical

No.
Project Cost (Cr.) Progress
01 Land Development ₹9.33 98%
02 Transport & Circulation with duct facility for utilities ₹172.94 92%
03 Water Supply & Reuse of recycled water ₹36.51 95%
04 Wastewater management ₹55.06 98%
05 Storm Water Drainage ₹46.67 94%
06 Street lighting ₹15.71 93%
07 Construction power arrangement ₹4.09 100%
08 Power distribution network ₹129.65 98%
09 Command Control and Communication Center (C4) ₹146.38 100%
Overhead line Shifting of 33kV & 11kV and 33/11 kV HMTP Substation
10 ₹17.70 100%
Shifting
220/33 kV GIS SS and Transmission Lines, Cables and Shifting 132kV

11 ₹290.38 95%
OH-line to UG-cable
144
Sl. Project Physical

No.
Project Cost (Cr.) Progress
12 Water supply project for bringing 12 MLD water from Hatia to ABD site ₹10.09 100%
13 Public Bicycle Sharing System ₹21.82 50%
TOTAL ₹956.33
Box 5.4: Ranchi wins‘Smart Cities Leadership Award’

The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) organised an online event to commemorate 6th
anniversary of the launch of three transformative Urban Missions vis.PMAY-U, AMRUT and Smart
Cities Mission. While Indore and Surat jointly won the ‘City Award’ and Uttar Pradesh won the ‘State
award’ under ‘India Smart Cities Awards 2020’, Ahmedabad, Varanasi and Ranchi won the‘Smart Cities
Leadership Award’. The India Smart Cities Awards Contest 2020 winners were felicitated in the “Smart
Cities, Smart Urbanization” conference held in Surat in April, 2022.
Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1730341and https://pib.gov.in/
PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1817774 dated 18th April 2022.
Box 5.5: Ranchi Smart City to participate in Smart cities and Academia Towards Action &
Research (SAAR)
“Smart cities and Academia Towards Action & Research (SAAR)” programhave been launched as a
joint initiative of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), National Institute of Urban
Affairs (NIUA) and 15 premier architecture and planning institutes to document 75 landmark urban
projects undertaken by the smart cities Mission. MoHUA and NIUA will facilitate linkages between the
Institutions and Smart Cities for specific landmark projects that are to be documented under the program.
The Institutes will document the outcomes of these projects, on how they are impacting the lives of urban
citizens. The Smart Cities Mission’s urban projects are lighthouse projects to other aspiring cities.The
SAAR project includes 75 urban projects distributed across 47 Smart cities including Ranchi Smart City.
Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx ?PRID=1787614
Status of Municipal Finances:

Municipal corporations are created for providing assignrevenues from specific sources to ULBs. Due
community services like health care, education, to limited sources of revenue generation, municipal
housing, and transport in the million-plus cities. In corporations in India arelargely dependent on
contrast, municipal councils, and NagarPanchayats grants from the Central and the state governments
govern smaller urban agglomerations and transition for meeting their expenditure needs. Among own
areas (from rural to urban). The Constitution revenue sources, there is an over-reliance on property
entrusts the state governments the power to impose tax.
taxes, duties, tolls, and fees and allows them to
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Urban Development
Table 5.28: Revenue Receipts, Revenue Expenditure and Capital Outlay of Municipal Corporations of
Jharkhand (In Rs Lakhs)
Revenue Revenue
Particulars / Years Capital Outlay
Receipts Expenditure
2017-18 (Accounts) 13,885.1 11,501.6 15,532.4
2018-19 (Budget Estimates) 51,493.4 9,198.0 2,23,793.9
2018-19 (Revised Estimates) 50,049.3 8,801.5 2,08,482.8
2019-20 (Budget Estimates) 47,752.4 10,392.4 67,083.6
2017-18 (Accounts) 0.05 % 0.04 % 0.06 %
Per cent of 2018-19 (Budget Estimates) 0.17 % 0.03 % 0.73 %

GSDP 2018-19 (Revised Estimates) 0.16 % 0.03 % 0.68 %
2019-20 (Budget Estimates) 0.15 % 0.03 % 0.21 %

Source: Report on Municipal Finances, Reserve Bank of India, 10th November, 2022
Table 5.29: Administrative Expenses and Operational and Maintenance Expenditure of Municipal
Corporations of Jharkhand (In Rs Lakhs)
Administrative Operational and

Particulars / Years
Expenses Maintenance Expenditure
2017-18 (Accounts) 1,279.9 1,295.7
2018-19 (Budget Estimates) 1,147.0 3,568.3
2018-19 (Revised Estimates) 1,027.1 3,369.9
2019-20 (Budget Estimates) 1,013.8 3,820.5
2017-18 (Accounts) 11.1 % 11.3 %
Per cent of 2018-19 (Budget Estimates) 12.5 % 38.8 %

Revenue Ex-
penditure 2018-19 (Revised Estimates) 11.7 % 38.3 %
2019-20 (Budget Estimates) 9.8 % 36.8 %
Source: Report on Municipal Finances, Reserve Bank of India, 10th November, 2022
In case of Jharkhand as well, out of the own revenue 2019-20 BE. The revenue receipts of the Municipal
of 12,781.3 lakhs rupees and own tax revenue Corporations of Jharkhand amounted to 0.15 per cent
8,200.3 lakhs rupees, property tax comprised of an of the GSDP. The capital outlay of the Municipal
overwhelming amount 7,312.5 lakhs rupees as per Corporations of Jharkhand amounted to 0.21 per
146
cent of the GSDP. The revenue expenditure of the expenditure comprised of a substantial share of about
Municipal Corporations comprised of 0.03 per cent 37 per cent of the total revenue expenditure of the
of the GSDP as per 2019-20 BE. Administrative Municipal Corporations of Jharkhand.
expenses comprised of 9.8 per cent of the total revenue
expenditure while operational and maintenance
Conclusion:
The decadal growth rate of the urban population in Rigorous efforts of the central as well as the state
Jharkhand was as high as 32.4 per cent. Such high governments through various urban development
levels of urban growth have complex ramifications schemes have performed a crucial role in the urban
in the form of various urban problems. About 72.4 development of Jharkhand. While NULM has
per cent of the total slum population of Jharkhand succeeded in providing urban livelihood opportunities
resided in the class-I cities alone while the capital through skill training, provision of employment and
city of Ranchi itself has the highest share of the slum self-employment, along with providing support to the
population (19.9 per cent). Providing wider access street vendors and urban homeless, Mukhyamantri
to basic urban amenities such as housing, water, Shramik Yojna and PM SVANidhi have proved to be
sanitation and hygiene, health facilities, transport a boon during the COVID-19 pandemic for the urban
facilities, etc for the ever growing urban population unskilled labour and street vendors. The Swachh
becomes a huge challenge for the government Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U) has performed
and civic authorities. The provision of livelihood significantly well in urban Jharkhand with 87 per
opportunities, especially for the urban poor, is no less cent of the wards having cent per cent door to door
a challenge. collection of solid waste. In Jharkhand, 15 ULBs
were declared open defecation free (ODF), while
In such circumstances, the state of Jharkhand has
23 ULBs were declared ODF+ and 3 ULBs were
performed considerably well in developing and
rated as ODF++. The target of establishing 100 Atal
managing its urban centres. The poverty headcount
clinics has almost been achieved as a total of 99
ratio is much lower, although the unemployment
Atal Clinics are already established. Out of these, a
rate is higher for the urban areas as compared to the
total of 98 clinics are functional providing a boost to
overall state average. The status of both male and
the healthcare delivery system in the urban areas of
female literacy and performance of health indicators
Jharkhand.
such as NNMR, IMR, U5MR, etc are way better in
the urban areas of Jharkhand. Urban households’
access to basic amenities like electricity (99 per
cent), improved drinking-water source (95 per cent),
improved sanitation facility and clean fuel for cooking
is significantly better in Jharkhand as compared to
the overall state averages. About 91 per cent of the
urban households in Jharkhand have access to toilet
facilities.
147
Chapter 6
Agriculture and Allied Activities
149
A large per centage of its people residing in the villages production of horticulture crops has also increased
of Jharkhand depend mostly on agriculture and its over the years. Credit and insurance coverage in the
allied occupations. Considering the significance of state have consistently increased. The block chain
this sector, the government of Jharkhand has made a based technology has been introduced in the seed
number of progressive attempts to make the sector of exchange distribution system for the very first time.
agriculture and its associated activities a prosperous To address the limitations of insufficient irrigation
one. The increase in the yield of Kharif and Rabi systems, climate change susceptibility and uneven
crops demonstrates the success of these measures. landholding distribution, a number of comprehensive
Along with the output of the livestock and poultry projects are being implemented.
sectors, such as milk, wool, meat, and eggs, the
Introduction
Agriculture and allied activities involve crop still a challenge to the agricultural development.
production, including food and non-food crops, Government initiatives, such as the Seed Distribution
fodder and grass; fruits and vegetables; flowers Programme, Jharkhand Krishi Rin Maafi Yojana,
and other horticultural crops and plantation; animal Krishi Samriddhi Yojana, Samekit Birsa Gram sah-
husbandry and dairy; poultry farming and stock Krishak Pathshala, Agri Clinic, Krishi Mela, Kisan
breeding; fishery; agro-forestry; agro-processing and Call Centre/Krishak Help Line and infrastructure
other related activities by farmers or farming groups. development have accelerated the development
A large per centage of the people of Jharkhand are of agriculture and allied activities in the state. The
dependent on such activities. The state's agricultural government has adopted bloc kchain technology for
land is rich in micro-nutrient and has the capacity seed distribution. Jharkhand is the first state to use
fix humus. Therefore, effective land and water this new technology.
management can enhance agricultural productivity
This chapter evaluates the development of agriculture
of the state.
and related activities and the sector’s growth trend in
There has been a steady increase in agriculture the sate of Jharkhand. The other topics which have
and related activities of Jharkhand. The consistent been covered in this chapter include the cropping
increase in the output of Kharif and Rabi crops, fruits intensity, production, area and yield of rabi and
and vegetables, milk, meat, egg and wool, cattle and kharif crops, storage facility, irrigation, land holding,
poultry products; and fishery products, demonstrates agricultural finance, horticulture, livestock, poultry,
the commitment of the government towards this fisheries, fertilizer use, the effects of climate change
sector. However, the negative effects of climate on agriculture and government initiatives.
change and the uneven distribution of land are
Land Resources
Jharkhand is a state in eastern India which is soil type and topography, the state is divided into
bordered by Odisha in the south, Bihar in the north, three agro-climatic sub-zones: the Western Plateau
West Bengal in the east, and Chhattisgarh and Uttar Zone, the Central and North Eastern Plateau Zone
Pradesh in the west. Jharkhand encompasses an area and the South Eastern Plateau Zone.
of 79,72,000 hectares. Based on rainfall, temperature,
The pattern of Land Utilization

Land use pattern is a description of how the land is the land use pattern is essential because it promotes
utilized. A large chunk of land in the state is suitable the prudent utilization of existing resources. It also
for agriculture, forestation and grazing. Studying permits the planning of cropping patterns.
151
Box 6.1 : Definitions of Various Land Use Categories
Forests– Areas which are identified and demarcated for forest growth by the government.
Land under non-agricultural uses– Land under urban or rural settlements, infrastructure (roads,
canals, etc.), industries, shops, etc.
Barren and wastelands – Land such as barren hilly terrains, desert lands, ravines, etc. which cannot
be brought under cultivation with the available technology.
Area under permanent pastures and grazing lands.
Area under miscellaneous tree crops and groves (not included in the net sown area) – Land under
orchards and fruit trees.
Culturable waste land – Land which is left fallow for more than five years. It can be brought under
cultivation through reclamation practices.
Current fallow – Land which is left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year.
Fallow other than current fallow – Cultivable land which is left uncultivated for more than a year
but less than five years.
Net area sown – The physical extant of land on which crops are sown and harvested.
The land available for agricultural purposes is the state has increased between the years 2018-19
distributed throughout the state as can be seen from and 2020-21. The total net sown are in the state was
Map 6.1. In Jharkhand, the total area reported is about 12.8 lakh hectares in the year 2018-19, which
about 79 lakh hectares, of which about 28 per cent increased to 12.9 lakh hectares in the year 2019-20
is covered by forests (Table 6.1 and Map6.1). Barren and about 13.3 lakh hectares in the year 2020-21.The
and uncultivable land constitutes about 7 per cent of area sown more than once had decreased from about
the total geographical area of the state totalling about 5.44 lakh hectares in the year 2018-19 to 4.68 lakh
5.8 lakh hectares. The net sown area which constitutes hectares in the year 2019-20 but increased to 4.75
about 17 per cent of the total geographical area of lakh hectares in the year 2020-21.
Table 6.1 Land Utilization Pattern (2018-19 to 2019-20)

(Area in hectares)
No. Land Use 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
1 Geographical Area 7972000 7972000 7972000
2 Area Under Forest 2239481 2239481 2239481
Land Not Available for Cultivation 1284553 1319918 1279611
3 (a) Area under Non-Agricultural Usage 705067 735708 699559
(b) Barren and Unculturable Land 579486 584210 580052
152
No. Land Use 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
Uncultivated Land excluding Fallow Land 652616 642814 662571
(a) Permanent Pasture and other grazing Land 126946 130580 131605
4
(b) Land under Miscellaneous tree crops and groves
145618 143605 125211
not Included in the Net sown Area
(c) Culturable Waste Land 380052 368629 405755
Fallow Land 2512858 2476429 2459927
5 (a) Current Fallow 1426616 1439318 1392189
(b) Fallow Lands other than Current Fallows 1086242 1037111 1067738
6 Net Sown Area 1280567 1291433 1328485
7 Gross Cropped Area 1824468 1759601 1803092
8 Area Sown more than once 543901 468168 474607
Source: https://aps.dac.gov.in/LUS/Public/Reports.aspx
Figure 6.1: Land Utilization Pattern and their Per centage for 2020-21
Permanent Pasture
and Other Grazing
land 2%
153
Map 6.1: Map showing the Land Utilization Pattern of Jharkhand at the District Level
Source: JSAC, prepared by the data of Nationwide Land Use/Land Cover Mapping Project
Landholding Pattern in Jharkhand

Operational landholding: Operational landholding and area of operational land holdings in Jharkhand
refers to all land which is used wholly or partly for the two years i.e., 2010-2011 and 2015-2016.
for agricultural production and is operated as one From 2010-11 to 2015-16, the number of marginal
technical unit by one person alone or with others, operational holdings increased from 1848 thousand
regardless of the title, legal form, size or location. units to 1962 thousand units. In 2015-16, small
In India, land holdings are categorised according to operational holdings decreased by 2.37 per cent. As
their size: (i) Marginal land holdings – 1 hectare or shown in table 6.2, Semi-medium operational holding
less; (ii) Small land holdings – 1 to 2 hectares; (iii) consists of 277 thousand units covering 755 thousand
Semi-medium land holdings – 2 to 4 hectares; (iv) hectares of land, followed by medium and large
Medium land holdings – 4 to 10 hectares; and (v) holdings, both of whose numbers have decreased.
Large land holdings – Greater than 10 hectares. Across all size categories, the total ‘operational area’
has decreased by 2.36 per cent whereas the total
The distribution of land holdings in the state is highly
number of operational holdings has increased by 3.47
skewed, with nearly 70 per cent of holdings being
per cent during this period i.e., between 2010-2011 to
marginal in nature. Table 6.2 represents the number
2015-2016.
154
Table 6.2 Distribution of Landholding in Jharkhand (2010-11 and 2015-16)
Area of Operational
No of Operational Holdings
Size Class Holdings ('000 Variations (%)
('000)
hectares)
Year 2010-11 2015-16 2010-11 2015-16 Number Area
Marginal 1848 1962 764 754 6.13 -1.3
Small 429 419 591 569 -2.37 -3.6
Semi-Medium 283 277 775 755 -1.95 -2.52
Medium 129 126 725 708 -2.46 -2.35
Large 20 20 311 304 -2.05 -2.19
All 2709 2803 3165 3091 3.47 -2.36

Source: Agriculture Census 2015-16, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer's Welfare, Govt. of India.
The average size of landholdings in Jharkhand was for all other landholding types (Semi-medium,
1.17 hectares in the year 2010-11 which decreased Medium and Large) has remained almost unchanged.
marginally to 1.10 in the year 2015-16 (table 6.3). The The average size of the operational holding in India
average size of land holding of Jharkhand is almost is almost the same as that of Jharkhand for marginal
equal to that of the country in both these years. While and semi-medium holdings. It is higher than that of
in comparison to 2010-11, in the year 2015-16 the Jharkhand in all other category of landholdings. In the
average size of the operational holding for marginal large landholding category (more than 10 hectares),
holding has decreased by 7.3 per cent, and the the average size of landholding of India is 10.2 per
marginal holding for small farmers has decreased by cent higher than that of Jharkhand.
1.4 per cent. The average size of operational holding
Table 6.3 Average Size of Operated Area in Jharkhand and India (2010-11 and 2015-16)
Semi-
Marginal Small Medium Large
Size medium All
(<1 ha) (1-2 ha) (4 – 10) (>10ha)
(2-4ha)
Jharkhand 0.41 1.38 2.74 5.63 15.35 1.17

2010-11
India 0.39 1.42 2.71 5.76 17.38 1.15
Jharkhand 0.38 1.36 2.72 5.64 15.33 1.1

2015-16
India 0.38 1.4 2.69 5.72 17.07 1.08
Source: Agriculture Census 2015-16, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, Govt. of India.
155
Figure 6.2: Average Size of Operated Area in Jharkhand and India
(2010-11 and 2015-16)
Source: Agriculture Census 2015-16, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer's Welfare, Govt. of India
Area, Production, and Yield of Kharif Crops in Jharkhand

Kharif crops are monsoon crops which include onset of winter. It is the main cropping season for
millets, paddy, maize, pulses and oilseeds. They are Jharkhand.
sown at the onset of monsoon and harvested at the
Area
The area under different Kharif crops is shown in cropping season (2022-23), the area under millet
figure 6.3. It is clear from this figure that paddy is the decreased to 11.9 thousand hectares. In the years
main Kharif crop in the state. It is grown in about two 2018-19 maize and pulses were grown in Jharkhand
thirds of the total area under Kharif crops. Since it is on 255.15 thousand hectares and 431.74 thousand
mostly dependent on timely and adequate rainfall, the hectares of land, respectively. The area under these
area under this crop has varied on the performance two crops have shown very little variation between
of monsoon in the state. While in the year 2018–19, the years 2018-19 and 2021-22. In the year 2021-22
it was grown on about 1527 thousand hectares the maize was grown on 272.6 thousand hectares and
area under this crop increased by about 15 per cent pulses on 445.36 thousand hectares. In 2022–2023,
to about 1764 thousand hectares in the year 2021– the area under these maize and pulses decreased to
2022. However, because of the delayed monsoon and 204.29 and 331.63 thousand hectares, respectively.
scanty rainfall during the cropping season of the year The area under oilseed has decreased continuously
2022-23 the area under paddy cultivation decreased between the years 2018-19 and 2022-23. It was
drastically in the current financial year. The area grown on 55.94 thousand hectares of land in the year
of land sown with millets increased from 16.56 2018-19, which decreased to 34.04 thousand hectares
thousand hectares in 2018–19 to 20.73 thousand in the year 2021-22 and 26.5 thousand hectares in the
hectares in the year 2021-22. However, in the current current cropping year (2022-23).
156
Figure 6.3:Year-Wise Description of Area under the Cultivation of Kharif Crops
(in ‘000 hectares)
Source: Directorate of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Co-operative, Government of Jharkhand
Figure 6.4:Year-Wise Production of Paddy and Maize
157
Production
Paddy is the primary food crop cultivated in thousand tonnes in the cropping year 2022-23. Like
Jharkhand. The state produced 2894.1 thousand the production of paddy, the bad monsoon of the year
tonnes of paddy in the year 2018-19 which increased 2022-23 affected the production of maize also but its
to 5365.17 thousand tonnes of paddy in 2021-22. production was not affected as severely as that of the
Thus, in the period from 2018-19 to 2021-22, it grew paddy.
at an average annual rate of 22.8 per cent. However,
The production of oilseed, pulses and millets were
the production of paddy has declined to 1832.21 43.56 thousand tonnes, 391.62 thousand tonnes
thousand tonnes this year, by about 66 per cent and 12.77 tonnes respectively in the year 2018-19.
because of bad monsoon (see figure 6.4). While the production of pulses and millets grew
at an average annual rate of 4.6 and 12.3 per cent
Maize is the second major Kharif crop in Jharkhand
respectively during the period of 2018-19 to 2021-22,
after paddy. The total production of maize was
that of oilseed decreased at the average annual rate of
443.99 thousand tonnes in the year 2018-19 which 8.7 per cent during this period. The production of
increased 606.43 thousand tonnes in the year 2021- these three crops have also been affected by the bad
22. Thus, it grew at an average annual rate of 11 per monsoon of this year. In comparison to the year 2021-
cent during the period from 2018-19 to 2021-22. Its 22, in the cropping year of 2022-23, the production of
production dropped by about 28 per cent to 435.87 oilseed decreased by 17.1 per cent, that of pulses by
72.6 per cent and of millets by 41.9 per cent.
Figure 6.5: Year-Wise Production of Pulses, Oilseeds and Millets
Yield
Crop yield is a measurement of how much agricultural millets, maize and pulses increased at an average
output is harvested per unit of land. The yield rate of annual rate of 3.8 per cent, 8.5 per cent and 2.3 per
most of the crops in Jharkhand has improved over cent, respectively.
the years. The yield rate of paddy was 1895 kg per
The yield rate of maize was 1740kg/ha in the year
hectare (kg/ha) in the year 2018-19 which increased
2018-19. It increased to 2225 kg/ha in 2021–22.The
to 3042 kg/ha in 2021–22, at an average annual rate
yield rate of millet was 2068kg/ha in the year 2018-
of 17.1 per cent during this period. The yield rate of
158
19 which increased to 2313 kg/ha in 2021–22. The 23 the yield rate of pulses decreased by 4.1 per cent
yield rate of pulses was 3896kg/ha in the year 2018- while that of millets increased by 7.7 per cent. The
19 which increased to 4173 kg/ha in 2021–22. total yield of all Kharif crops increased from 1656.09
kg/ha to 2551.54 kg/ha between 2018–19 and 2021–
Except for millets the yield rate of all these crops
22. However,in 2022–2023, it decreased to 1851.96
decreased during the cropping year of 2022-23. In
kg/ha (see Figure 6.6).
comparison to the year 2021-22, in the year 2022-
Figure 6.6: Year-Wise yield of Kharif Crops
Area, Production, and yield of Rabi crops

Rabi crops are sown in the winter season and overview of Jharkhand's Rabi crop in terms of yield,
harvested during the spring. Rabi crops include production, and area.
wheat, maize, pulses and oilseeds. Below is an
Area
Table 6.7 depicts the year-wise area of the state sown 5.94 thousand hectares in 2018-19 to 12.15 thousand
with Rabi crops. Compared to the other crops planted hectares in 2021-22, more land was sown with maize.
during the same season, pulses and oilseeds are grown A significant crop grown during the Rabi season in
on a larger scale. In 2021-22, pulses and oilseeds 2021-22 was wheat i.e.,in an area of 227.56 thousand
were grown on 409.84 thousand hectares and 460.81 hectares.
thousand hectares, respectively in 2021-22. Maize is
a crop that is cultivated in both the seasons. From
159
Figure 6.7: Year-Wise Description of the Area of Rabi Crops (in ‘000 hectares)
Production
The most popular category of Rabi crops in Jharkhand 519.36 thousand tonnes in 2021–22. The production
is that of pulses. In 2021–22, it slightly decreased to of oilseeds has seen a stunning increase as can be
449.70 thousand tonnes after increasing from 343.16 seen from table 6.4. It has shown an increasing trend
thousand tonnes in 2018–19 to 485.9 thousand from 184.94 thousand tonnes in 2018–19 to 383.31
tonnes in 2020–21 as has been, presented in figure thousand tonnes in 2020–21 and further to 364.86
6.8. The production of wheat increased significantly thousand tonnes in 2021–22. In the Rabi season,
from 302.56 thousand tonnes in 2018–19 to 523.12 maize is also produced in modest amounts. This was
thousand tonnes in 2020–21, then it decreased to 28.82 thousand tonnes in 2021-22.
Table 6.4: Year-Wise Production of Rabi Crop (in ‘000 tonnes)
Financial Year Wheat Pulses Oilseeds Maize
2018-19 302.56 343.16 184.94 11.32
2019-20 439.40 417.75 254.82 16.04
2020-21 523.12 485.91 383.31 28.42
2021-22 519.36 449.70 364.86 28.82

160
Figure 6.8: Year-Wise Production of Maize, Pulses, Oilseeds and Wheat
Yield
The yield of all Rabi crops has increased from 1109.99 pulses increased by 0.5 per cent in the year 2019-20,
kg/ha in 2018–19 to 1227.30 kg/ha in 2021–22 i.e., at by 1.5 per cent in the year 2020-21 and then declined
the average annual rate of 3.4 per cent (see figure 6.9). by 5.8 per cent in the year 2021-22. The yield rate
The yield of maize has increased at the highest rate, of oilseed has also remained almost constant during
at the average annual rate of 13.3 per cent between the period of 2018-19 and 2021-22. The yield rate
the years 2018-19 and 2021-22. The yield of wheat of oilseeds was 2228 Kg/he in the year 2018-19 and
increased at an average annual rate of 7.3 per cent with some improvement in the intermittent years, the
per annum during this period. The yield rate of pulses yield rate of this crop became 2271 kg/he in the year
has remained almost constant throughout this period. 2021-22.
In comparison to the previous years, the yield rate of
Figure 6.9: Year-Wise Yield of Rabi Crops
161
Cropping Intensity
Cropping intensity is defined as the number of crops a to 142.4 per cent in 2018-19 as is depicted through
farmer grows in a given agricultural year on the same Figure 6.10. It decreased to 136.3 per cent in 2019-
field. It is expressed through the following formula: 2020 and further to 135.8 per cent in 2020-21. An
increase in cropping intensity provides the farmers
an opportunity to produce more which leads to
greater utilisation of land resources. Increased use
Here, the gross cropped area represents the total area of modern inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides,
sown once and/or more than once in a particular year farm mechanisation and irrigation facilities, as well
and the net sown area represents the total area sown as a variety of cropping techniques such as mixed
with crops and orchards. The cropping intensity in farming, strip cropping and relief farming can help
Jharkhand has grown from 140.8 per cent in 2017-18 boost cropping intensity in the state.
Figure 6.10: Year-Wise Cropping Intensity, Gross Cropped Area and Net Sown Area in Jharkhand
Source: RBI Handbook of Statistics on Indian States, 2021-22
Agricultural Inputs
The productivity of agriculture depends not merely and farm machinery. In this section, an attempt has
on the fertility of soil and climatic conditions of the been made to discuss the adequacy of agricultural
state but also on agricultural inputs. Such inputs inputs in Jharkhand.
include irrigation, seed, fertilizers, pesticides, credit
Irrigation
Much emphasis is laid on adequate and timely during the monsoon season and that some districts
availability of water for crop cultivation. In addition do not receive adequate rainfall, it is essential to
to enhancing the agricultural output, irrigation improve irrigation infrastructure to achieve stability
facilitates the use of technology, certified seeds and in agricultural production. The total irrigated area
machinery. Given that rainfall in the state is at peak for food crops decreased from 2,50,826 hectares in
162
2019-20 to 2,37,862 hectares in 2020-21. However, it total irrigated area has shown a decline and stands at
increased from 17,798 hectares in 2019-20 to 20,436 2,58,298 hectares in 2020-21.
hectares in 2020-21 for non-food crops. Overall, the
Table 6.5: Crop-Wise Irrigated Area in 2020-21 (in hectares)

Food Crops
1. Cereals and Millets 137319
2. Pulses 14631
3.Total Fruits and Vegetables 83995
Total Food Crops (A) 237862

Non-Food Crops
1. Oilseeds 20310
2. Other non-food Crops 126
Total Non-Food Crops (B) 20436
Total Irrigated Area (A+B) 258298
Micro irrigation in Jharkhand

The future of sustainable agriculture lies in micro- is best suited for wider-spacing crops. Micro sprinkler
irrigation. Micro-irrigation can not only assist to irrigation system is mostly followed in sandy or loamy
enhance agricultural productivity but it also lowers the soils. This system is most suitable for horticultural
usage of e-water, fertiliser and labour requirements in crops and small grasses. In this method, water is
an era of climate change and water scarcity. sprinkled at a lower height in various directions. As
can be seen from figure 6.11, the area covered under
Micro irrigation is a modern method of irrigation.
sprinkler irrigation is 41per cent and drip irrigation
By means of this method, land is irrigated through
is 59 per cent. The total area covered under micro
drippers, sprinklers, foggers and other emitters on the
irrigation for the state stands at 43,399 hectares as on
surface or the sub-surface of the land. Drip irrigation
March 31, 2021.
Figure 6.11: Area Covered under Micro Irrigation (as on 31.03.2021)
Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance2021, Department of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Government of India
163
Gross Irrigated Area
The gross irrigated area is the total area under crops. area has shown a promising increase in the state over
It is irrigated once and/or more than once in a year. the years. It has increased from 247 thousand hectares
Thus, if a crop is grown for more than one time in an in 2017-18 to 269 thousand hectares in 2019-20.
agricultural year, the gross irrigated area will count However, in 2020-21, the gross irrigated area in the
the irrigated area for ‘more than once’. Gross irrigated state declined to 258 thousand hectares (Figure 6.12).
Figure 6.12: Year-Wise Status of Gross Irrigated Area
Source: RBI Handbook of Statistics on Indian States 2021-22
Well, is the most used source of irrigation in 97,062 units of well, 77,060 units of tank and 4,150
Jharkhand, followed by tank and canal. According to units of canal that are used for irrigation in the state
the land use statistics information system, there are (Figure 6.13).
Figure 6.13: Source-Wise Gross Irrigated Area in Jharkhand (in hectares) as in 2020-21
164
Fertilizers
The usage of proper fertilizer is considered to be an of Rabi crops by 34.23 per cent i.e. from 87,220 tonnes
important and a vital factor to attain improvement in in 2020-21 to 1,17,074 tonnes in 2021-22.
the productivity of the agricultural sector. The state has
Nowadays, another popular fertilizer known as DAP
recorded an increase in the usage of chemical fertilizer.
(chemical name Di-ammonium Phosphate) which
Fertilizers like DAP, NPKS, MOP and urea are used
contains both Nitrogen and Phosphorus, the primary
widely. The trend in the consumption of fertilizers
micro-nutrients, is being preferred over urea. The
during the Kharif, as well as the Rabi season, is
consumption of DAP also depicts the same trend
presented in Tables 6.6 and 6.7 respectively. Since
as that of urea. The DAP consumption during the
nitrogen is crucial for the growth and development of
season of Kharif crops has decreased by 22.48 per
crops, urea, the most nitrogenous fertilizer, is largely
cent which comes to 72,787 tonnes in 2020-21 to
used owing to its high nitrogen content. However, the
56,428 tonnes in 2021-22. The consumption of DAP
usage of urea during the Kharif season has decreased
during the season of Rabi crops has increased by7.04
by 17 per cent i.e., from 1,64,639 tonnes in 2020-21 to
per cent i.e. from 20,339 tonnes in 2020-21 to 21,771
1,36,963 tonnes in 2021-22. It has also decreased by
tonnes in 2021-22.Urea is the most used fertilizer in
11 per cent during the Rabi season i.e., between 2018-
the state, followed by DAP, NPKS and MOP.
19 and 2019-20. There is an increase during the season
Table 6.6: Year-Wise Consumption of fertilizer (in tonnes) during the Kharif Season
Season/ Year UREA DAP NPKS MOP Total
2015-16 145200 42954 24479 2688 215321
2016-17 140433 34683 7790 1728 184634
2017-18 138815 62200 8385 2688 212088
2018-19 116386 63825 22675 4307 207193
2019-20 150811 63319 21609 4785 240524
2020-21 164639 72787 21027 4809 263262
2021-22 136963 56428 33582 3443 230416
Source: Directorate of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Co-operative, Government of Jharkhand
Table 6.7: Year-Wise Consumption of Fertilizer (in tonnes) during the Rabi Season
Season/ Year UREA DAP NOKS MOP Total
2015-16 89850 23392 8179 523 121944
2016-17 56548 25180 6873 1191 89792
2017-18 83232 19770 5928 510 109440
2018-19 112981 20062 18564 360 151967
2019-20 100392 22440 13044 20 135896
2020-21 87220 20339 7575 53 115187
2021-22 117074 21771 10205 25 149075

*Rabi Season 2021-22 is ongoing
165
Consumption of Compost Fertilizer
Compost is an organic matter that is decomposed compost fertilizer has increased in the recent years
and recycled as a fertilizer. It is rich in organic in Jharkhand with its consumption rising from 2,486
carbon which is an essential element of integrated tonnes in 2018-19 to 11,918 tonnes in 2020-21. This
plant nutrient management as it increases the is presented in table 6.8.
productivity of other fertilizers. The consumption of
Table 6.8: Year-Wise Consumption of Compost Fertilizer (in MT) in Jharkhand
Season/ Year Compost Fertilizer
2018-19 2486
2019-20 5825
2020-21 11918
Agriculture Finance
In this section, the chapter emphasizes on two Agriculture is a priority sector for the banks for the
dimensions of agricultural finance – Agricultural purpose of advancing credits. In order to ensure this,
Credit and Agriculture Insurance. the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme was launched
in 2012. In 2022-23, till the reported date, credit
Agricultural Credit - Given that the majority of farmers
worth Rs. 1,13,279.75 lakhs were disbursed through
in the state are small and marginal, timely availability
the KCC. The total outstanding amount in 2021-22,
of agricultural credit at a reasonable rate is critical for
was Rs. 6,92,431.12 lakhs. A total of 1,81,730 KCC
agricultural growth. Furthermore, agricultural credit
accounts were disbursed till the reported date and
serves the purpose of making institutional finance
13,18,126 accounts were outstanding in 2021-22
available for investments in agricultural machinery,
(Table 6.9). The total growth in the number and the
seeds, and technology adoption that will increase
amount of the total disbursement through KCC has
production and productivity.
been positive till date.
Table 6.9: Agricultural Credit - Bank Category-Wise Status of KCC in Jharkhand (Number in Actual
and Amount in Lakhs)
Outstanding as of last FY Total disbursement during Growth/Decline over

Category
2021-22 this FY 2022-23 September 30, 2022
Number Amount
Number Amount Number Amount
(%) (%)
Public Sector
4,43,325.82 93,484.00 33,985.01 2.91 11.57
Banks 9,02,483.00
Private sector
6,923.00 3,161.49 1.59 6.81
banks 23,960.00 29,314.38
Regional
2,15,388.93 80,429.00 75,689.84 -0.64 7.01
Rural Bank 3,82,110.00
Co-operative
5.02 5.94
Banks 9,573.00 4,401.99 894.00 443.41
Total 6,92,431.12 1,81,730.00 1,13,279.75 1.87 9.91
13,18,126.00
Source: 81st State Level Banking Committee, Jharkhand
166
Regular KCC accounts must be upgraded to Smart Agricultural credit, which had been distributed
KCC accounts. Account holders at Smart KCC will among 20.52 lakh small and marginal farmers as on
be issued Rupay cards that may be used at ATMs September 2021, has increased to 25.66 lakhs for the
and point-of-sale terminals to facilitate cashless same quarter in 2022. Agriculture financing is being
transactions. As per the reports given by the banks, made available to the majority of struggling farmers
till September 30, 2022, Rupay cards of 8,16,691 in the state, thanks to the persistent, and proactive
KCC accounts have been issued. Out of the total KCC efforts of the state's agricultural lending institutions.
cards issued, 5,14,869 cards have been activated.
Table 6.10 : Annual Credit Plan Achievement under Agriculture, Jharkhand 2022-23
(Number in Actuals and Amount in Lakhs)
Target Achievement Achievement
Number Amount Number Amount % (Amount)
Farm Credit 1426599 1130715.64 1025435 453708.32 40.13
Crop Loan 1092773 728515.64 472132 181326.62 24.89
Agri Infrastructure 32221 53702.00 292 891.97 1.66
Ancillary Activities 128700 143000.00 42380 90472.27 63.27
Total 1587521 1327417.64 1068107 545072.56 41.06
Source: 81 State Level Banking Committee, Jharkhand
st
Figure 6.14: Year-Wise Target and Achievement of Annual Credit Plan
Source: Various SLBC reports of Jharkhand
Storage Capacity
Food grains are stored and preserved in storage from capacity has shown a steady rise. The storage capacity
the moment they are produced till they are consumed. has increased from 2.24 LMT in March, 2015 to 5.51
This is a crucial marketing function. Therefore, the LMT in March, 2019, as shown in Figure 6.15. The
storage of food grains from the point of production to storage capacity, which was 0.23 LMT in March,
the point of consumption guarantees its steady supply 2020, experienced a rapid drop before rising to 4.08
in the market. Over the years, the state's storage LMT in March, 2021.
167
Figure 6.15: Year-Wise Storage Capacity
Source: Agriculture Statistics at a Glance 2021, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India
Cold storage is the key requirement in the post- fruits, vegetables, etc. from the production centres to
harvest phase and also in the distribution of perishable the consumption centres. The cold storage capacity
commodities and food products. It facilitates the in Jharkhand on the reported date i.e. December, 31,
delivery of perishable agricultural products like 2020 was 236680 metric tonnes.
Table: 6.11 Cold storage capacity as on 31.12.2020

No. of Projects Capacity (Metric Tonnes)
58 236680
The storage capacity for food grains and utilization tonnes in 2022. In 2022, stocks have decreased to
in the state as per the Food Corporation of India is 3.21 lakhs metric tonnes (MT) while utilisation (%)
mentioned in the table 6.11. As shown in the table has decreased from 96 per cent in 2019 to 75 per cent
6.12, the overall capacity has increased from 3.79 in 2022.
lakhs metric tonnes in 2019 to 4.28 lakhs metric
Table 6.12: Storage Capacity for Food-Grains and Utilization under the FCI (as on March, 31) (In
lakhs MT)
Year Total Capacity Stocks Held Utilization (%)
2019 3.79 3.64 96
2020 3.9 3.63 93
2021 4.06 3.48 85
2022 4.28 3.21 75

Source: Handbook of Statistics on Indian States, RBI
168
Horticulture
Horticulture is an important part of how poor farmers production and trade earnings. In Jharkhand,
can make a living. It gives the indigent lot a livelihood horticulture consists primarily of the cultivation of
opportunity and also provides with a steady source fruits and vegetables.
of income. It is a dynamic tool to ensure a pristine
Although currently Jharkhand is not among the
environment. Horticulture has proved to be the best
country's top producers of horticultural crops, the
way to use agricultural land in diverse ways because
state's favourable agro-climatic factors show that it
farmers can bank upon it for the purpose of making
has a significant untapped potential in this area. Since
money.
horticultural crops perish quickly, it is important to
Horticulture refers to the cultivation of fruits, invest in infrastructure that can keep them fresh for
vegetables, and flowers. Horticulture crops play a a longer period of time. In addition, value-added
crucial role in the economy by creating jobs, supplying facilities in the form of food processing can encourage
raw materials to various food processing industries the horticulture sector to increase its contribution to
and boosting farm profitability through increased the state's GSDP.
Vegetables
Figure 6.16 shows the annual vegetable planting diversification. Since 2017-18, the state's vegetable
and harvesting area. From 2017–18 to 2021–22, the harvest has increased annually. Vegetable yields have
area used for vegetable cultivation increased from been noticed to rise from 3475.2 thousand tonnes
289.2 thousand hectares to 335.10 thousand hectares. in 2017-18 to 3818.21 thousand tonnes in 2021-
Although this growth has been erratic, the overall 22. Since 2017-18, neither the area nor its output's
expansion of farmland is indicative of agricultural vitality has been on the decline.
Figure 6.16: Year-Wise Area and Production of Vegetable
Source: Department of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Co-operative, Government of Jharkhand
Potato (698988.75 tonnes) was the most-grown were used to grow brinjal, and 49279.15 hectares were
vegetable in Jharkhand in 2021-22. It was followed used to grow potato. Table 6.13 shows how much
by pea (429421.85 tonnes) and cabbage (320118.51 land each type of vegetable occupies and the quantity
tonnes). Beetroot was the least-grown vegetable in which is produced from it. Only nine hectares were
the state (628 tonnes). In 2020-21, 79818.77 hectares used for the purpose of beetroot cultivation.
169
Table 6.13: Area and Production of Different Types of Vegetables (Area in ‘000 Hectares & Production
in ‘000 Tonnes)
Vegetables Total (2021-22)*
Area (in hectares) Production (in tonnes)
Beans 40445.05 202902.23
Beetroot 9 628
Bitter Gourd 2341.39 36104.34
Bottle Gourd 2218.19 31067.15
Brinjal 79818.77 240812.84
Broccoli 90 733.6
Cabbage 19538.7 320118.51
Capsicum 3702.31 71714.07
Carrot 1793.46 23308.29
Cauliflower 22448.81 303291.5
Green Chilly 16022.68 257297.54
Cucumber 4711.67 43727.79
Kaddu/Pumpkin 1695.11 50944.05
Okra 7380.05 114259.88
Onion 17584.67 277268.18
Peas 16445.93 429421.85
Pointed Gourd/ Parwal 924.82 646.71
Potato 49279.15 698988.75
Radish 4491.31 85906.75
Ridge/Sponge Gourd (Torai) 868.85 19565.63
Leafy Vegetables 492.22 11335.89
Sweet Potato 83.11 1921.72
Tomato 22676.38 282714.19
Elephant foot Yam 2805.1 20230.65
Other Vegetables 20715.15 291650.71
Total 335091.71 3818210.82
* 3rd Advanced Estimate
170
MAP 6.2 : District-Wise Production of different vegetables
Source: Department of Industry, Govt of Jharkhand
Fruits
Fruits are the raw materials for industries. Its to grow fruits which is shown in Figure 6.17. In 2021-
production also depends on agriculture. They are 22, this area has grown to 106.69 thousand hectares.
also important for a healthy diet and maintenance In the state, in 2017-18, 1081.7 thousand tonnes of
of good health. Since 2017-18, both the area and fruits were grown, and in 2021-22, that number rose
the production of fruits in Jharkhand have grown. In to 1312.18 thousand tonnes.
2017-18, 104.3 thousand hectares of land were used
Figure 6.17: Year-Wise Area and Production of Fruits
In 2021-22, the most-grown fruit was Mango followed by 2,00,526.95 tonnes of jackfruit. The area
followed by jackfruit and guava. In 2021-22, and production of different types of fruits has been
4,58,409.06 tonnes of mango were produced given in table 6.14.
171
Table 6.14 Year-Wise Area and Production of different types of fruits

(Area in ‘000 Hectares & Production in ‘000 MT)
Fruits Total (2021-22)*
Area (in hectares) Production (in tonnes)
Aonla 300.09 2379.93
Bael 767.8 33435.06
Banana 5710.89 33179.33
Ber 1059.15 11639.6
Custard Apple 23 48
Guava 8824.28 95399.63
Jackfruit 14979.25 200526.95
Litchi 4151.23 65365.09
Mango 55831.48 458409.06
Papaya 3071.14 128800.14
Pineapple 75 245
Pomegranate 19 79.24
Strawberry 65.69 89.56
Other Fruits 2618.05 102740.68
Limes & Lemons 7055.78 90129.46
Muskmelon 1560.92 2655.64
Watermelon 2033.41 87059.6
Total 106685.8 1312181.97
* 3rd Advanced Estimate
Source : Department of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Co-operative, Government of Jharkhand
MAP 6.3 : Fruits Production in Jharkhand
Source: Department of Industry, Govt of Jharkhand
172
Livestock and Poultry

Livestock plays a very important role in the economy for farms. Livestock wealth is seen as not only an
of farmers. Farmers in India maintain a husbandry important way to make a living and find employment
system which is a mix of crops and animals. The but also as a defence during times of crops- failure.
output of one business becomes the input for another
A description of total livestock and poultry in
business, which amounts to making the best use of
Jharkhand is given in table 6.15. There are more
resources. People eat things like milk, meat, and eggs
than 2.36 crores of livestock and about 2.48 crores of
that come from livestock. The waste from animals
poultry in the state.
i.e., poop and other animal waste, makes great manure
Table 6.15: Total Livestock and Poultry

Cattle 1,12,23,052 Dogs 1,20,396
Buffaloes 13,50,313 Rabbits 24,207
Sheep 66,41,183 Fowl 2,30,04,582
Goats 91,21,173 Ducks 17,04,990
Horses and Ponies 1,378 Turkeys 34,278
Mules 73 Other Poultry Birds 60,480
Donkeys 400 Total Livestock 2,36,14,545
Pigs 12,76,973 Total Poultry 2,48,32,906
Source: 20 Livestock Census-2019, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Government of India
th
The number of sheep has grown a lot i.e. from are followed by it i.e., by 75.85 per cent. The livestock
5,82,925 in 2012 to 66,41,183 in 2019. This is an grew by 30.81 per cent, while the poultry grew by
increase of 1039.29 per cent. Goats have also grown 83.14 per cent. The same is shown in table6.16 given
only by 38.59 per cent. There is a huge loss of Mules below.
i.e., by 98.12 per cent. The loss of horses and ponies
Table 6.16: Total Livestock and Poultry and change between 2012 and 2019
Total Livestock and Poultry
2019 2012 % Change from 2012
Cattle 1,12,23,052 87,30,083 28.56
Buffaloes 13,50,313 11,85,942 13.86
Sheep 66,41,183 5,82,925 1,039.29
Goats 91,21,173 65,81,449 38.59
Horses and Ponies 1,378 5,706 -75.85
Mules 73 3,890 -98.12
Donkeys 400 381 4.99
Pigs 12,76,973 9,62,367 32.69
Total Livestock 2,36,14,545 1,80,52,746 30.81
Total Poultry 2,48,32,906 1,35,59,528 83.14
Source: 20th Livestock Census-2019, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Government of India
173
Animal-based food like milk, meat, and eggs are The number of eggs made in 2021-22 will be 72 per
some of the best produces to obtain high-quality cent higher than the number made in 2016-17. Meat
protein and micro nutrients that are important for production has also gone up steadily i.e., from 0.55
healthy growth and development. Table 6.17 shows lakhs MT in 2016–17 to 0.79 lakhs MT in 2020–21.
how much livestock products are produced each year.
Table 6.17 : Year-Wise Production of Livestock Products (Eggs and Meat)

Year Egg (Number in billion) Meat (in Lakh MT)
2016-17 0.51 0.55
2017-18 0.55 0.58
2018-19 0.64 0.62
2019-20 0.69 0.67
2020-21 0.78 0.70
2021-22 0.88 0.79
Dairy Development
Dairying is an important source of livelihood for small buffalo as per the latest livestock census. The milk
and marginal farmers, women, and landless people production in the state has increased to 23.21 lakh
in Jharkhand. There is abundant potential for dairy MT during 2019-20. The milk production in the state
development in the state, considering the demand has been targeted to increase progressively to 33.67
and supply gap and increased population of cattle and lakh MT by 2023-24.
Table 6.18: Present Status of Milk Production in Comparison to the National Scenario
Sl. No. Main Indicators Units Jharkhand National
(2019-20)
1 Annual Milk Production Lakh MT 23.21 1984.40
2 Per Capita Availability of Milk gm/day 182 406
Dairy Development Infrastructure

Infrastructure Number
 Directorate of Dairy Development 01
 District Dairy Development Office 24
 Training & Extension Institute 02
 Coverage of Districts by JMF 22
 Coverage of Villages by JMF 2934
 Coverage of Milk Producers by JMF 28453
 Milk Pooling Points 908
 Computerized Milk Collection Unit (AMCU/DPMCU) 705
 Bulk Milk Cooler (BMC) at Village Level 108
 Milk Processing Plant (Functional) 06
 Milk Processing Plant (Under Construction) 01
174
 Mineral Mixture & By-pass Protein Plant 01

 Cattle Feed Plant 01
 District Milk Union 12
 Jharkhand State Co-operative Milk Producer's Federation Ltd. (MILKFED) 01
Impact of Dairy Development programmes

In order to boost the milk production with a view to improved breed milch cattle, assistance to progressive
provide employment opportunities to rural household dairy farmers, Fodder & Feed Development, creation
for their livelihood and to fulfil the milk requirement of infrastructure for procurement, processing &
of the state, some of the major initiatives have been marketing of marketable surplus of milk and training
taken such as breed improvement, induction of & awareness amongst the milk producers of the State.
Progress in Milk Production

The milk production in Jharkhand during the year the sector has made significant improvement in
2001-02 was 25.75 lakh litre per day (9.40 lakh production, productivity and per capita availability of
metric ton per year) has increased to 59.80 lakh litre milk. Milk production in the state was perceptibly low
per day (23.21 lakh Metric Ton per year) during the in 2001-02. To improve milk production in the state,
year 2019-20 which is an enhancement of 150 per multi-pronged approaches in breeding, feeding and
cent . marketing of milk were initiated by the department
through various development programmes. The
The rapid increase in milk production has resulted in
combined measures resulted in an improvement in
a rise in per capita availability of milk in the state
milk production to 23.21 lakh metric ton in 2019-20 in
from 96 gm/day in 2001-02 to 182 gm/day in 2019-
the state. The growth in the dairy sector is significant,
20 which is a 90 per cent enhancement.
as reported by the department of Animal Husbandry,
Due to implementation of various dairy development Dairy & Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers
programmes in the state during the last twenty years, Welfare, Govt. of India. The targeted milk production
during 2023-24 is 33.67 lakh MT .
Figure 6. 18: Annual Milk Production (Lakh MT)
175
Figure 6.19: Per Capita Milk Availability (Gram /day)
Wool
Wool is made from animal hair which is made out other animals. Wool has been used to make clothes
of natural protein fibres. Animal hair is made up of and other textiles by different tribes and nations
complex proteins. The hair of sheep and goats is around the world for thousands of years. Wool
especially useful for making clothes. Wool is the most production in Jharkhand has increased from 1,87,000
important fibre obtained from an animal. It comes kg in 2017-18 to 2,10,000 kg in 2019-20 as can be
from the woolly coats of sheep, goats, camels, and seen from figure 6.20
Figure 6.20: Year-Wise Wool Production in Jharkhand
176
Fisheries
One of the most promising areas of food production locally. Fisheries in Jharkhand is growing quickly,
has been fishing and aquaculture. This sector is also and it is one of the industries that pulls a lot of young
important because it makes it easy to get fish protein people from the rural areas.
Fish production in Jharkhand

The production of fish in Jharkhand has increased tonnes in 2018-19 which further increased by 7.2
substantially between the years 2017-18 and 2021- per cent in 2019-20. In 2021-22, the fish production
22. In the 2017-18, 1.90 lakh tonnes of fish were
has reached 1.92 lakh tonnes till January 31, 2022.
produced, which increased to 2.38 lakh tonnes in
the year 2020-21 and 2.572 lakh tonnes in the year Figure 6.21shows the year-wise fish production in
2021-22. The production increased to 2.08 lakh Jharkhand.
Figure 6.21: Year-Wise Fish Production in Jharkhand (Production in lakh tonnes)
Source: Handbook on Fisheries Statistics, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Government of India and Directo-
rate of Fisheries, Government of Jharkhand
Species -Wise fish production in Jharkhand in 2020-21

In Jharkhand, mainly four species of fishes are Major carps constitute 82 per cent of the total fish
produced. These include major carps, minor carps, production of the state. It is followed by exotic Carps
Exotic Carps and Catfishes. The major carps are
the most preferred farm fishes because of their fast (9 per cent), catfishes (8 per cent) and minor carps
growth and high acceptability to consumers. The (1per cent).
Fisher persons’ Population and their Classification

A comprehensive description of fisher persons’ in the state in the year 2020-21. Of this population
population and their classification is given in figure about 32 per cent are fisher women. There are about
6.22. There were more than 1.56 lakh fisher persons 14,500 full time and 34,450 part time fishermen.
177
Figure 6.22: Fisher persons’ Population in Jharkhand and their Classification (as in 2020-21)
Source: Handbook on Fisheries Statistics, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Government of India
Agriculture and Climate Change

Tropical weather prevails in Jharkhand, where an than 90 per cent of the state's total rainfall can be
average of 900 millimetres of rainfall is recorded attributed to it.
yearly. Three distinct seasons prevails in the state.
The major drivers of this vulnerability in the state are
The months of March through mid-June is the period
of high temperatures. The hottest month, May, is rain-fed agriculture, yield variability of food grains
distinguished by lows of 20 to 25 degrees celsius and and marginal and small operational holders. The
daily highs of about 37 degrees celsius. The most district-level vulnerability indices are presented in
enjoyable time of the year is during the cold weather figure 6.23.The highest value of vulnerability index
season which lasts from November to February. has been obtained in Sahebganj district (0.72) and
The lowest temperature ranges from -5 to 0 degrees the lowest in Ramgarh district (0.37). The range of
celsius. The months of July through September vulnerability indices has been divided into three equal
witness the maximum amount of precipitation. More intervals in which districts have been categorised.
178
Figure 6.23: Categorization of Districts Based on Vulnerability Indices
Source: Climate Vulnerability Assessment for Adaptation Planning in India Using a Common Framework 2019-2020, Department of
Science and Technology, Government of India
Government Initiatives
The Jharkhand government has implemented a programmes have only recently been implemented,
number of initiatives in the fiscal year 2022–2023 to the future publications of Economic Surveys of
effectively close the gaps and establish innovative Jharkhand may include an analysis of their effects.
methods in agriculture and related sectors. Since these
Seed Exchange and Distribution Program

The government distributes seeds to the farmers other crops have been distributed during the Kharif
under the seed distribution programme to help them season. The physical and financial performance of
in increasing their production and also to lower the this programme in the financial year 2022-23 is given
cost of production. In the financial year 2022-23, in table 6.19
34124.44 quintals of certified seeds of paddy and
Table 6.19: Progress of Seed Distribution Programme during 2022-23

Parameters Target Achievement Achievement %
Kharif – 34124.44 Quintal Kharif – 30827 Quintal Kharif –

Physical
Rabi - Rabi - Rabi –
Financial 4000 Lakhs

179
Box 6.2 : Block-chain based Seed Exchange and Distribution Programme
The Jharkhand government and international block chain technology company, Settle Mint, together
announced the successful implementation of seed distribution to farmers based on block chain
technology. This is a huge milestone to modernize agriculture in the nation.
“Jharkhand is the first state in the country to use the block chain system to measure the progress
and implementation of government schemes. It is expected to play a crucial role in the transparent
execution of schemes. It is going to make the system free from middle men and make quality seeds
available to the farmers at the right time.”
Through a block chain-based traceability technology, the state's Directorate of Agriculture distributes
high-quality seeds to farmers, guaranteeing their timely availability and quality.
101065 farmers and 123 "Farmers Producer Organizations" (FPOs) have registered on this block chain-
based seed tracing network in just the first month of the season of Kharif crops.
Benefits of the Block chain System

• The block chain solution is superior because • The seed company and the farmers are
it gives the department complete access to connected in this arrangement through a
the data of the beneficiary farmers. chain, eliminating middlemen in between
them.
• This allows the government to determine
which type of seeds were provided to the • There is an online entry in this process
farmer and whether he has received any when the seed company provides seeds to
benefits from the programme. the farmers, making monitoring efficient.
Seed distribution facilities like LAMPS or PACS will be able to link with farmers' systems to
communicate with the appropriate authority as well as to share experiences through learning centres.
This tracking system will offer comprehensive information about the seed distribution process,
including the seed purchase, seed type, warehouse, supplier details, seed supply, stock, and choice of
godowns, vehicle-carrying seeds, weight, and much more.
Jharkhand Krishi Rin Maafi-Yojana

According to the data of the income of agricultural Rin Maafi Yojana to address the issue of agricultural
households in Jharkhand, such households' average debt. More than 1.34 lakh people benefited from this
monthly income is considerably less than that of programme in the fiscal year 2021–2022. This rose to
states like Punjab and Haryana. The Jharkhand 3.94 lakh in 2022-23.
government has introduced the Jharkhand Krishi
Table 6.20: Progress of Jharkhand Krishi Rin Maafi Yojana (financial) during 2021 – 22 and
2022-23(Amount in Crores)
Year Target Achievement
2021 - 22 1500.00 1500.00
2022 - 23 915.86 1576.68
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Soil Health Card Scheme

A soil health card is used as a part of the "Soil Health programme. All departments of agriculture in the
Card Scheme" to evaluate the current state of soil state and union territory governments are responsible
health and also, to identify changes in soil health for the implementation of the scheme.
that are affected by land management over a period
The status of the Soil Health Card Scheme in
of time. The soil health indicators appear on the soil
the model villages for the year 2019-20 has been
health card. The indicators are based primarily on
presented in table 6.21 given below.
farmers' first-hand knowledge of the region's natural
resources and practical experience. The card provides Also, for the year 2020-21, 5045 villages have been
indications of soil health that can be evaluated approved for farmers’ training under the Soil Health
without the use of technical or laboratory apparatus. Card scheme. The fiscal allotment for this scheme in
The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare, 2021-22 is30.15 crore rupees.
Government of India, promotes the soil health card
Table 6.21: Model Village Status of Soil Health Card Scheme (2019-20)
No. of Soil Samples Collected No. of Soil Samples Tested No. of SHCs Distributed
58572 58572 58572

Source: Agriculture at a Glance-2021, Department of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Govt of India
National Agriculture Market (e NAM)

National Agriculture Market (eNAM) is a pan-India Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh
electronic trading system that connects the existing and Telangana in 2019-20. According to the report
APMC mandis to form a unified national agricultural released by the Central Small Farmers Agricultural
market. Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium Trade Association (SFAC), 19 wholesale markets in
(SFAC) is the principal agency for implementing Jharkhand are registered by e-NAM. According to the
eNAM under the auspices of the Ministry of SFAC report, Hazaribagh Market Committee is the
Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare, Govt of India. The most active market in Jharkhand in terms of e-NAM.
primary goal of eNAM is to achieve uniformity in The trade value for Jharkhand stands at 1315.72
agricultural marketing by eliminating information lakhs out of which Hazaribagh has the highest
asymmetry between buyers and sellers and promoting contribution of 765.50 lakhs. As can be seen from the
real-time price discovery based on actual demand and table 6.22, the total digital payment via e-NAM has
supply while also ensuring timely online payment. been 1003 lakhs for the state in 2021-22. According
Jharkhand has joined the top five states in the country to the report, this is the highest business done by the
in trade through e-Naam (National Agricultural state. The pace of other wholesale markets is still far
Market). Jharkhand has outperformed states like behind the average.
Table 6.22: District wise e-NAM trade Summary

Trade Quantity Trade Value Digital Payment
Mandi
(in quintal) Rupees (in lakhs) Rupees (in Lakhs)
Hazaribagh 45201.09 765.50 627.24
Deoghar 10216.87 229.33 219.70
Garhwa 7268.89 117.96 77.45
Ranchi 3561.50 68.90 20.79
Daltonganj 2024.00 37.17 17.76
181
Trade Quantity Trade Value Digital Payment

Mandi
(in quintal) Rupees (in lakhs) Rupees (in Lakhs)
Koderma 2049.75 32.95 13.73
Ramgarh 2073.61 26.46 19.45
Dhanbad 719.25 18.10 5.05
Dumka 225.05 4.95 0.00
Lohardaga 345.54 4.92 0.76
Bokaro 137.25 3.80 0.11
Simdega 235.00 2.69 0.00
Gumla 128.99 1.42 0.71
Giridih 44.40 1.12 0.00
Jamshedpur 28.00 0.25 0.25
Sahebgunj 207.5 0.20 0.00
Total 74466.69 1315.72 1003
Source: Department of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Co-operative, Government of Jharkhand
Sub Mission of Agriculture Extension (SMAE)/ATMA Program

For the fiscal year 2021–2022, the Jharkhand in quality through subject matter experts and regular
government had set aside 41.36 crores rupees for capacity building, interactive methods of information
the Sub Mission of Agriculture Extension and the dissemination, public-private partnerships, pervasive
government has already achieved target of 39.77 crore and innovative use of information and communication
rupees. The goal of this sub-mission is to restructure technology (ICT) / mass media and convergence of
and strengthen the agricultural extension apparatus extension-related efforts under various schemes and
through personnel's physical outreach, improvement programmes of the government.
National Food Security Mission (NFSM)

This centrally sponsored programme was introduced also attempts to increase soil fertility and farm-level
by the Indian government in 2007. By expanding productivity while providing incentives for essential
the production area and boosting productivity in inputs including high-quality seeds, water-saving
the designated districts of the nation, it seeks to machinery and farm equipment. The Jharkhand
raise the production of rice, wheat, pulses, coarse government set aside Rs. 32.47 crores of which the
cereals and nutri-cereals. In addition to transferring mission succeeded in funding Rs. 19.09 crores for the
technology through training and demonstrations, it NFSM for the fiscal year 2021–2022.
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)

In order to promote various types of interventions agricultural plan, the states are free to select their own
in the agricultural sector and attain 4per cent agricultural and related sector development activities.
annual growth, the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana The government has redesigned the programme as
was introduced by the central government in RKVY - RAFTAAR - Remunerative Approaches for
2007. This programme acts as a hub for numerous Agriculture and Allied sector Rejuvenation based on
other programmes. According to the district/state experience and feedback from the states.
182
Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India (BGREI)
The programme of ‘Bringing Green Revolution to regions that are now fallow in order to boost crop
Eastern India (BGREI)’ was launched in 2010-11 production and farmer revenue. The BGREI is also
to address the constraints limiting the productivity responsible for designing water collecting structures
of ‘rice-based cropping systems’ in eastern India
and effectively utilising water potential. In the fiscal
comprising seven states which also included
Jharkhand. Today, the initiative is a part of the year 2021–2022, the government had allocated Rs.
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana. The programme 11.20 crores for this programme out of which 9.84
also intends to encourage the cultivation of rice in crore rupees has already been used.
Birsa Fasal Vistar Yojna

The yojna aims to provide different seeds at a distribution of Kharif and Rabi crops at reduced costs.
subsidized rate to the farmers of the state. The
This scheme is intended to encourage the cultivation
government of Jharkhand has earmarked 20 crore
rupees for the yojna which is a scheme for the of a wide variety of crops.
Samekit Birsa Gram-sah Krishak Pathshala

The Jharkhand government introduced the Samekit the scheme.
Birsa Gram Vikas Yojana (Krishak Pathshala)
Co-operative is a mass movement based on public
on August 15, 2021. As part of this programme,
local farmers' capacity will be improved at Krishak cooperation. It is a powerful means of achieving self-
Pathshala, increasing their income by training them reliance and economic prosperity through mutual
for jobs in the agricultural sector, animal husbandry, cooperation and aggregation of resources. The role
fisheries, pig farming, etc. The state government will of the Cooperative Division is important in achieving
implement this programme for all of the state's farmers the goal of "Abua Raj" of the present government.
so that everyone can take advantage of this Samekit Keeping in view the following principles, the Co-
Birsa Gram Vikas Yojana (Krishak Pathshala). The operative Division is moving towards achieving its
state government has allocated 90 crore rupees for objective:
 Socio-economic and cultural upliftment of the state through mutual cooperation.
 Generation of employment and sustainable income opportunities.
 Right policy formulation for the development of cooperative societies.
 Promotion of Management in co-operative Societies.
 Development of efficiency and infrastructure.
 Financial assistance to cooperatives and others.
 Total LAMPS- 2028
 Total PACS- 2384
 Vyaparmandal- 77
 Special types of cooperative societies - 9000
 Number of member farmers of LAMPS/PACS in the state - 14]08]289
Major schemes being implemented by cooperative division -

1. Jharkhand State Fasal Rahat Yojana- 2. Construction of 5000 MT cold storages in
Under Jharkhand Rajaya Fasal Rahat Yojana different districts of the state- For the purpose
of safe storage of agricultural products, fruits
assistance is provided to farmers to compensate
and vegetables, cold storages of 5000 MT
to crop loss arises due to adverse weather capacity have been approved in each district of
conditions. the state
183
3. Working capital, infrastructure to the in the financial year 2021-22 & 2022-23.
nodal LAMPS/PACS/VYAPARMANDAL
5. Creation of storage capacity of 500 MT and
doing agricultural work in the block-Nodal
LAMPS/PACS/VYAPARMANDAL annually 100 MT in LAMPS/PACS .
lifts fertilizer seeds, and distributes it to other Various types of schemes including paddy
LAMPS/PACS/VYAPARMANDAL of the procurement are being implemented from the
block. For this, they need working capital
level of LAMPS/PACS. Therefore the storage
which is being provided through this scheme.
capacity of these societies needs to be increased
4. Construction of solar powered 5 MT mini by establishing adequate number of godowns.
cold room- To preserve the fast decaying
vegetables in the local haats / markets for a A total of 566 godowns of 100 MT & 146 godowns
short time at a cheap rate, a total 117 five MT of 500 MT are proposed to be constructed for which
capacity eco-friendly mini solar cold rooms, Rs.30000.00 lakh (Three hundred crore) is proposed
which are fully solar powered are sanctioned in the financial year 2023-24.
Conclusion
The overall development of Jharkhand depends on The state has witnessed a tremendous expansion in
the growth of agriculture and related industries. In agricultural financing. As of the reporting date, a total
the last five years, the sector has seen increases in of 1,81,730 KCC accounts had been disbursed, while
crop output, yield and area for both the Kharif and the 13,18,126 accounts remained outstanding in 2021-
Rabi seasons. Nevertheless, there have been changes 22. 20.52 lakhs small and marginal farmers in the
in the patterns of production. The cropping intensity state have been provided with agricultural financing.
has also increased significantly, rising progressively The number of small and marginal farmers that
from 140.8 per cent in 2017–18 to 142.4 per cent in received agricultural financing surged from 20.52
2018–19 before further decreasing to 135.8 per cent million in September 2021 to 25.66 million during
in 2020–21. the same quarter in 2022. The storage capacity has
increased from 2.24 LMT in March 2015 to 5.51
In Jharkhand, the distribution of land ownership
LMT in March, 2019 as a result of positive efforts.
is significantly skewed, with about 70 per cent of
holdings being marginal in nature and covering just The performance of the allied activities is also
754 thousand hectares of the total 3091 thousand very encouraging. Vegetable production has
hectares of land (24 per cent). The overall Operated increased from 3475.2 tonnes in 2017-18 to 3818.21
area has fallen by 2.36 per cent across all size thousand tonnes in 2021-22. In 2017-18, the state
categories between the census years but the total produced 1081,7 thousand tonnes of fruit and in
number of operational holdings has risen from 2020-21, that number surged to 1312,18 thousand
2,709,000 units in 2010-2011 to 2,803,000 units tonnes. The wool production rose from 1,871,000
in 2015-2016. Additionally, the state is prone to kg in 2017-18 to 2,100,000 kg in 2019-20. The milk
climate change. It necessitates the implementation output has increased from 18.94 lakh metric tonnes
of measures for adapting to climate change. Wells in 2016-2017 to 26.29 lakh metric tonnes in 2021-
are the most commonly used source of irrigation, 22. In 2021-22, egg production has climbed from
followed by tanks, other sources and canals. The 0.51 billion in 2016-17 to 0.88 billion. Meat output
state has also used a sustainable method i.e., micro- has also increased consistently, from 0.55 lakh MT
irrigation where 59 per cent drip irrigation and in 2016-2017 to 0.79 lakh MT in 2021-22. Between
sprinkler method for the remaining was used. The 2017-18 and 2020-21, the quantity of fish produced
state's gross irrigated area has expanded over the in Jharkhand increased significantly. In 2017-18,
years, however it decreased from 269,000 hectares 1.90 lakhs tonnes of fish were harvested, whereas, in
in 2019-20 to 258,000 hectares in 2020-21. Urea has 2020-21, it increased to 2.38 lakhs tonnes. The
remained the most used fertilizer, followed by DAP, production of fish in 2021-22 has reached 1.92
NPKS and MOP. lakhs tonnes till January 31, 2022.
184
The government has adopted a number of significant expansions, increasing the area under irrigation, and
measures to address the challenges in the agricultural increasing the production and productivity of food
and related activities sector. Some of these are crops by maximising the use of inputs such as seeds,
- the Seed Distribution Programme, Jharkhand fertilisers, pesticides and agricultural machinery.
Krishi Rin Maafi Yojana, Samekit Birsa Gram sah Horticultural development has huge potential not
Krishak Pathshala, Agri Clinic, Krishi Mela, Kisan only for meeting local demands for fruits, vegetables,
Call Center/ Krishak Help Line, Infrastructure flowers, medicinal and fragrant plants, but also for
Development, etc. The government of Jharkhand is tapping export opportunities. Similar considerations
the first to implement blockchain technology for seed apply to expanding milk, meat, and egg production.
distribution. There is ample opportunity in the state for the
In addition to technological interventions, securing establishment of food processing units, including
the timely availability of innovative, low-cost inputs those for the preservation of fruits and vegetables,
is of critical importance for the comprehensive milk and meat and minor forest products. All of
agricultural development of Jharkhand. Apart from these must be accompanied by an established and
this, there is a scope for bringing additional land healthy agricultural marketing system that can ensure
under cultivation through vertical and horizontal profitable prices for farmers.
185
Chapter 7
Food And Nutrition Security
187
The status of Jharkhand with regards to food and shops;providing ePOS machines to dealers;making
nutrition security has shown a consistent improvement dealers online and Aadhar seeding of the cardholders
which has led to its transformation from a poor have been done quite successfully across the state.
performer to a leader state in the country. The first The strong public distribution system has always
ever published 'State Ranking Index for NFSA 2022' distributed foodgrains in the range of 90-100 per
has ranked Jharkhand at number ten out of twenty cent of the allocation in all the districts of in the state.
states and union territories in the country under the The conditions of malnutrition and undernutrition
general category states and union territories. The have improved significantly in the state. As per the
state has increased the coverage of food security National Family Health Survey Report 2019-21,
by implementing Jharkhand state Food security there has been decline in the cases of anaemia and
scheme (Green Card) which provides food security underweight among children and women in the state.
to the people not covered under the National Food Similarly, the special bulletin on Maternal Mortality
Security Act (NFSA).To stop leakages and increase Rate (MMR) 2018-20 has shown a significant dip in
transparency as well as accountability, the graphic the MMR in Jharkhand.
information system (GIS) mapping of the fair price
Introduction
The government of Jharkhand has been putting done based on their performance as per three pillars.
consistent efforts to better the availability, The first pillar has 45 percent weightage, and it
accessibility, and continuous supply of food to ensure includes, NFSA-Coverage, targeting and provisions
sustainable food and nutrition security to its citizens of the Act. The rank of Jharkhand is the first in this
since the inception of the state. Implementation of section. The second pillar has 50 percent weightage,
the National Food Security Act 2013 in the state has and it evaluates NFSA- delivery platform. In this
not only reorganised the efforts of the government section the rank of Jharkhand is fourteenth. Pillar
but has also re-intensified it. Now the efforts are three with five per cent weightage incorporates
physically visible, and it can be inferred from various NFSA- nutrition initiatives. This pillar only captures
reports. The first ever published 'State Ranking nutrition initiatives and Jharkhand is doing well on
Index for NFSA 2022' has ranked Jharkhand at this front by distributing fortified grains through the
number ten out of twenty state and union territories targeted public distribution system (TPDS) which
in the country under the general category states ensures that vulnerable households in the state have
and union territories. The overall ranking has been access to nutrition rich food.
Production and Procurement/Purchase of Foodgrains

For attaining sustainable food and nutrition the beneficiaries. Jharkhand has both the centralised
security, management of foodgrains is crucial as well as the decentralised procurement system
and the Jharkhand State Food and Civil Supplies to purchase foodgrains till the KMS year 2018-19.
Corporation (JSFC) bears the overall responsibility However, from the KMS year 2019-20, the non-DCP
of doing it in the state. It lifts food grains from the system is in practice. Here the procurement is done
Food Corporation of India (FCI) depots and delivers by the Food Corporation of India, state agencies and
it to the PDS/fair price shops for its distribution to some private parties.
Production and Procurement of Rice and Production of Wheat

Jharkhand is among the list of states which are major 2.87 LMT of wheat produced in the year 2015-16, the
growers and consumers of rice in the country. Figure-7.1 state has produced 5.44 LMT and 5.07 LMT of wheat
depicts the production of rice and wheat as well as the in the year 2019-20 and 2020-21 respectively. Rice is
procurement and procurement targets of rice over the the main foodgrain procured in the state. For this, the
years in Jharkhand. The production of rice was 27.53 lakh decentralised scheme of procurement is operational
metric tonnes (LMT) in the year 2020-21. However, it here. In terms of achieving the procurement targets,
increased to 29.28 LMT in the year 2021-22. Although, visible progress can be seen in figure-7.1. As against
Jharkhand is not a major producer of wheat, but its the target of 5.36 LMT, the procurement level reached
production too has improved in the state. As against at 5.12 LMT or 95.5 per cent.
189
Figure 7.1 Rice and Wheat Production, Procurement and Procurement Targets of Rice in Jharkhand
(in LMT)
Source: Procurement Figures, November 2022, Department of Food and Public Distribution, Ministry of Food and Consumer Af-
fairs, Government of India.
Procurement of Paddy by different Agencies

Paddy is procured by the FCI and the state agencies. (FCI) and the state agencies procured 1.69 LMT
In Jharkhand, the Department of Food, Public and 4.6 LMT respectively. The total procurement is
Distribution and Consumer Affairs procures paddy 7.53 LMT in the KMS year 2021-22 which is about
from the farmers with the help of the Department of 1.24 LMT higher than the previous year. All the
Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Co-operative procurement in the KMS year 2021-22 has been done
and the Department of Revenue. The Department by the state agencies. Similarly, in terms of achieving
also provides bonus to the farmers in addition the target, the performance of the state with regards
to the Minimum Support Price(MSP).After the to procurement of paddy have increased significantly
procurement, paddy is handed over to the millers for over the years. In the year 2019-20, the total
its conversion into rice. The current ratio of paddy procurement was 37.9 lakh quintals which was about
to rice conversion is 67per cent. Table-7.1 shows 126 per cent of the given target. It increased to 62.8
the Kharif Marketing Season (KMS) year-wise lakh quintals (103 per cent of the given target) in the
procurement of paddy in Jharkhand by different year 2020-21. The total procurement has reached to
agencies. In the Kharif Marketing Season (KMS) year 75.3 lakh quintals in the year 2021-22 which is about
2020-21, the total procurement was 6.29 Lakh Metric 94 per cent of the fixed target. A year-wise detail of
Tons (LMT) out of which Food Corporation of India targets and achievement is given in figure-7.2.
190
Table 7.1: The KMS Year-Wise Procurement of Paddy in Jharkhand (in LMT)
Private
Year FCI State Agencies Players Total
2014-15 0.02 0.07 0.09
2015-16 0.34 1.39 1.3 3.03
2016-17 0.39 1.1 0.58 2.07
2017-18 0.41 0.9 0.83 2.14
2018-19 0.67 1.61 2.28
2019-20 1.06 2.74 3.8
2020-21 1.69 4.6 6.29
2021-22 0 7.53 7.53

Source: Food Corporation of India
https://fci.gov.in/app/webroot/upload/Procurement/2.%20paddy%20proc.%2010%20yrs%20(2)_1.pdf
Figure 7.2: Procurement Targets and Achievement of Paddy
Source: Department of Food, Public Distribution & Consumer Affairs, Government of Jharkhand
Paddy Procurement and Benefits to the Number of Farmers

This is the perfect data which helps one to know benefited from the paddy procurement process in
about the direct benefits accruing to the farmers in the the state during various KMS seasons/years. This
state. Interestingly, as the quantity of paddy procured number was about 53 thousand in the year 2019-20
in the state is rising so is the numbers of beneficiary which increased to about 1.04 lakh and 1.39 lakh in
farmers. Figure-7.3 shows the number of farmers the years 2020-21 and 2021-22 respectively.
191
Figure 7.3: Paddy Procurement and Benefits to the Number of Farmers
Source: Food Corporation of India https://fci.gov.in/app/webroot/upload/Procurement/5.%20No%20of%20farmers%20benfited_2.

pdf
Stocking of Foodgrains and Storage Management

Continuous supply of foodgrains requires good (CWC), 10 from the State Warehousing Corporation
storage facilities as well as the sufficient stock of (SWC) and 28 from the private parties built under the
foodgrains in the state. Jharkhand has a total of 47 Private Entrepreneur Guarantee (PEG) scheme. The
godowns for storing the foodgrains of which six are total storage capacity of these godowns is 4.16 lakh
owned while 41 are hired by the food corporation of MT and the current stock held is 1.49 lakh MT. Thus,
India (FCI). Among the hired category, three have about 36 per cent of the available storage capacity
been hired from the Central Warehousing Corporation has already been used (Table-7.2).
Table 7.2: Storage Capacity and Stock held (quantity in MT) with Utilisation (in per cent) as of
November, 2022.
Hired
FCI Total Grand
Items Central
owned Hired Total
Warehousing SWC PEG
Corporation (CWC)
No. of Godowns 6 3 10 28 41 47
Capacity 79190 26980 42900 267783 337663 416853
Current Stock 17615.3 8318.78 20677.2 102621 131617 149232
Utilisation 22.24 30.83 48.20 38.32 38.98 35.80
Source: Food Corporation of India https://fci.gov.in/app/webroot/upload/Storage/Storage%20Capacity5.pdf
192
Coverage of Food and Nutrition Security Schemes in the State
At present, Jharkhand is probably the best state in the category, there is white ration card (whose annual
country in covering most of the eligible people under income exceeds one lakh). At present about 68.4 lakh
various schemes of food and nutrition security. In fact, families out of which 64.7 lakh are BPL families, and
in terms of ‘Coverage’, ‘Targeting’ and ‘Provisions about 2.92 crore people out of which 2.78 crore are
of the Act’, the ‘State Ranking Index for NFSA under the BPL category, are covered under various
2022’ has given the first rank to Jharkhand under the schemes of food and nutrition security in the state.
general category states and union territories. The state Table- 7.3 shows the scheme-wise/card-wise details
has introduced four types of ration cards i.e., Pink, of the families and people covered in the state. Of the
yellow, green and white to cover all eligible families total families covered, about 75 per cent are under
from the BPL and the APL categories. Among the the PHH scheme, about 13 per cent under the AAY
BPL category, there are pink cardholders (PHH), scheme, about seven per cent under the green card
yellow cardholders (AAY) and green cardholders scheme and about five percent are covered under the
(newly introduced for those who are eligible but not white card scheme. Table- 7.4 shows the district-wise
covered under the PHH and the AAY). For the APL details of ration cardholders in the state.
Table 7.3: Total Number of Ration Cardholders under different categories (as of 06.10.2022)
Grand
BPL APL Total Total BPL
Total
BPL not
covered
Items PHH AAY under NFSA NFSA+SFSA
PHH
and AAY
Pink+ Pink+Yel-
Pink Yellow Green White All
Yellow low+Green
Famililies/
5112821 896586 461292 372355 6009407 6470699 6843054
Heads
Members 22906898 3518487 1465387 1402937 26425385 27890772 29293709
Table 7.4: District-Wise details of Ration Cardholders in Jharkhand (as of 06.10.2022)

PHH AAY Total NFSA White Green Grand Total
Name of
District Mem- Mem- Mem-
Head Member Head Member Head Member Head Head Head
ber ber ber
Bokaro 306327 1260513 21630 86579 327957 1347092 40522 158461 29323 91739 397802 1597292
Chatra 148821 731918 38509 157033 187330 888951 8897 32195 17920 46921 214147 968067
Deoghar 218041 1125704 15117 66255 233158 1191959 20884 74836 18592 67450 272634 1334245
Dhanbad 411960 1755402 32850 114958 444810 1870360 29591 110946 38107 119940 512508 2101246
Dumka 207085 933290 48419 186327 255504 1119617 10356 35227 19458 61247 285318 1216091
Garhwa 228334 1063124 30158 122927 258492 1186051 5017 18026 19650 58473 283159 1262550
Giridih 355110 1777928 68099 330169 423209 2108097 22742 85866 30087 107095 476038 2301058
193
PHH AAY Total NFSA White Green Grand Total

Name of
District Mem- Mem- Mem-
Head Member Head Member Head Member Head Head Head
ber ber ber
Godda 209521 1006387 27990 99110 237511 1105497 10606 40313 18674 58780 266791 1204590
Gumla 134782 666352 32404 159787 167186 826139 7833 28771 12460 42738 187479 897648
Hazaribagh 267493 1227620 53973 230985 321466 1458605 24092 95281 22089 72894 367647 1626780
Jamtara 133456 637538 17970 75709 151426 713247 5793 19732 11101 38004 168320 770983
Khunti 73997 339093 33267 116809 107264 455902 1643 6532 9237 22469 118144 484903
Kodarma 92989 462172 16291 72096 109280 534268 11228 45096 9533 33415 130041 612779
Latehar 125708 617033 14540 65062 140248 682095 3100 12064 9990 31932 153338 726091
Lohardaga 81451 376243 13945 53207 95396 429450 2415 9133 5756 22319 103567 460902
Pakur 156943 717067 19791 61746 176734 778813 8065 25323 11756 47131 196555 851267
Palamu 359026 1653482 45470 175444 404496 1828926 10920 38534 25635 84982 441051 1952442
Paschimi
242116 922307 96262 334916 338378 1257223 19375 68105 29489 68168 387242 1393496
Singhbhum
PurbiSingh-
382376 1481202 56174 180434 438550 1661636 42577 165016 30798 95642 511925 1922294
bhum
Ramgarh 107701 512151 19666 89364 127367 601515 29760 118766 11124 41004 168251 761285
Ranchi 411984 1606836 102955 379240 514939 1986076 29624 111174 42272 128449 586835 2225699
Sahibganj 164419 794321 40022 156953 204441 951274 10522 40889 13923 55336 228886 1047499
Saraike-
190433 754827 33887 128454 224320 883281 12830 46894 16226 46769 253376 976944
la-Kharsawan
Simdega 102748 484388 17197 74923 119945 559311 3963 15757 8092 22490 132000 597558
Total 5112821 22906898 896586 3518487 6009407 26425385 372355 1402937 461292 1465387 6843054 29293709
Public Distribution System (PDS): Infrastructure, Accountability and Transparency

Jharkhand has a very robust infrastructure of PDS other digital infrastructure. The maximum number
which provides easy access to foodgrains and other of offline dealers (304) are in Paschimi Singhbhum,
articles to the people and it also plays a significant followed by Khunti (49), Lohardaga (49) and Pakur
role in maintaining food and nutrition security in the (48). There are no offline dealers in 10 out of the 24
state. To enhance accountability and transparency, districts in the state. A district-wise detail of online,
the PDS has been equipped with the necessary offline and unmapped dealers is given in table- 7.5.
digital infrastructure. At present, there are more There are more than 24 thousand Fair Price Shops
than 25 thousand dealers in the state of which 95 (FPS) in the state. Out of them about 89 per cent is
per cent of them are available online. It means they owned by the individuals and the rest by the self-
are well-equipped with digital transactions and help groups (SHGs). About 95 per cent of the FPS
194
are GIS mapped too. These FPS are equipped with of number of ration cards (in range) attached to the
ePOS machines and as on December 21,2022.About number of FPS. To ensure zero leakage and cent
24,408 ePOS machines are actively working out of per cent transparency and accountability, about 92
the total 25,532supplied to them (table-7.6). The per cent of the ration cards (NFSA+Green) are UID
number of ration cards attached to one FPS helps seeded. Similarly, about 48.7 lakh cards are linked to
us to understand their operational burden and hence the verified mobile numbers of the cardholders. The
its corresponding ease in serving the people. In progress of UID seeding is almost 90 per cent across
Jharkhand, only about nine per cent of the FPS have all the districts in the state, except Garhwa (83.5 per
more than 400 ration cards attached to them and thus cent). A district-wise detail of the UID and Mobile
about 91 per cent FPS have less than 400 ration cards Number seeded ration cardholders (NFSA+Green) is
attached to them. Figure- 7.4 shows the distribution shown in table-7.7.
Table 7.5: District-Wise details of Number of Dealers in Jharkhand

Number of Dealers
Name of District
Online Offline Unmapped Total
Bokaro 1575 0 49 1624
Chatra 886 0 25 911
Deoghar 985 0 12 997
Dhanbad 1606 0 21 1627
Dumka 1028 0 15 1043
Garhwa 872 39 52 963
Giridih 1976 8 149 2133
Godda 1085 0 14 1099
Gumla 703 9 14 726
Hazaribagh 1351 19 11 1381
Jamtara 604 3 20 627
Khunti 452 49 13 514
Kodarma 587 0 10 597
Latehar 520 29 20 569
Lohardaga 345 49 4 398
Pakur 619 48 11 678
Palamu 1535 0 33 1568
PaschimiSinghbhum 823 304 97 1224
PurbiSinghbhum 1381 22 30 1433
Ramgarh 637 16 3 656
Ranchi 2081 0 53 2134
Sahibganj 928 13 21 962
Saraikela-Kharsawan 700 15 30 745
Simdega 482 0 3 485
Total 23761 623 710 25094
195
Table 7.6: Details of Fair Price Shops in Jharkhand (NFSA)
Items Numbers
Total Fair Price Shops (FPS) 24405
GIS mapped FPS 23284
Total ePOS supplied to FPS 25532
Active e-POS as on 21.12.2022 24408
Ownership Type
FPS run by Individuals 21698
FPS run by Self-help Groups 2707
Source: National Food Security Portal, Department of Food and Public Distribution, Government of India
https://nfsa.gov.in/public/nfsadashboard/PublicFPSDashboard.aspx
Figure 7.4: Ration Cards (in range) attached to the Fair Price Shops (in numbers and percentage)
Source: National Food Security Portal, Department of Food and Public Distribution, Government of Indiahttps://nfsa.gov.in/public/
nfsadashboard/PublicFPSDashboard.aspx
Table 7.7: District-wise detail of UID and Mobile Number seeded Ration Cardholders (NFSA+Green)
as on December 20, 2022
Mobile
Mobile UID
Name of the Number
Member UID seeded Number seeded
District seeded
seeded (in %)
(in %)
Bokaro 1440133 1398142 298166 97.1 20.7
Chatra 938012 878299 167543 93.6 17.9
Deoghar 1263690 1164946 168100 92.2 13.3
Dhanbad 1992426 1798180 405265 90.3 20.3
196
Mobile
Mobile UID
Name of the Number
Member UID seeded Number seeded
District seeded
seeded (in %)
(in %)
Dumka 1183475 1081642 184935 91.4 15.6
Garhwa 1249183 1043567 259377 83.5 20.8
Giridih 2219295 1956778 433285 88.2 19.5
Godda 1171515 1030234 154844 87.9 13.2
Gumla 871557 768734 69870 88.2 8.0
Hazaribagh 1525399 1462172 343945 95.9 22.5
Jamtara 759435 677786 106795 89.2 14.1
Khunti 479724 433956 82059 90.5 17.1
Kodarma 570424 547874 117734 96.0 20.6
Latehar 715708 660635 104011 92.3 14.5
Lohardaga 455563 435761 73711 95.7 16.2
Pakur 830245 778756 93498 93.8 11.3
Palamu 1913448 1682831 304696 87.9 15.9
PashchimiSinghbhum 1326618 1172950 174491 88.4 13.2
PurbiSinghbhum 1760577 1731341 400272 98.3 22.7
Ramgarh 643069 582491 124910 90.6 19.4
Ranchi 2092834 2058742 463811 98.4 22.2
Sahibganj 1033359 938852 133735 90.9 12.9
Saraikela-Kharsawan 933334 851415 146869 91.2 15.7
Simdega 578499 524650 58787 90.7 10.2
Total 27947522 25660734 4870709 91.8 17.4

https://aahar.jharkhand.gov.in/secc-districts/uidMobDistrictWise/MQ==
Public Distribution System (PDS): Foodgrains and other Articles, Allocation vs. Distribution
Apart from the rice and wheat which constitute the in the state through different schemes including
major items of distribution, sugar, pluses, salt and distribution under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan
kerosene oil (k. oil) are distributed through the PDS Yojna (PMGKY). In terms of the proportional
in Jharkhand. Last year (between January 2022 to composition of the foodgrains distributed during that
December 2022, up to December 20th), about 2448.5 period, about 70 per cent is rice (1991.2 thousand
thousand tonnes of rice and wheat were distributed tonnes) and the rest 30 per cent is wheat (857.2
197
thousand tonnes). Out of the total rice and wheat wheat has been done during the months of January
distributed, about 869.7 thousand tonnes of rice to May (Panel-B, figure- 7.6). The districts of
and about 383.5 thousand tonnes of wheat have Giridih, Ranchi and Dhanbad are the top three in
been distributed through the PMGK scheme which distributing rice and wheat whereas, Ranchi, Palamu
constitute 44 per cent and 45 per cent of the total rice and Hazaribagh occupies the same position when
and wheat distributed respectively (figure-7.5). it comes to distributing salt in the state. Giridih,
Sahibganj and Palamu are the top three districts in
Figure- 7.6and 7.7show the month-wise and district-
distributing sugar while Ranchi, Giridih and Deoghar
wise annual distribution of rice, wheat, sugar, salt
distributes maximum kerosine oil.
and kerosine oil respectively through the PDS in
Jharkhand. Although, PDS works throughout the The robustness and efficiency of the PDS in
year but in terms of the relative comparison, the data Jharkhand can also be observed in terms of allocation
reveals that the months from May to October are vs. distribution/utilization analysis. It is remarkable
the busiest for them. The total monthly transactions that not only the overall, but the district-wise
have been more than 100 lakhs during these months. utilization is in the range of more than 90 per cent.
It registered a peak of 227.07 lakhs in the month It reaches to almost 99 per cent. In three months
of May 2022 (panel-A, figure- 7.6). Similarly, the i.e.,September, October and November 2022, the
distribution of rice (except in PMGKY) has clocked aggregate distribution percentage of rice and wheat is
more than 100 thousand tonnes during the months quite high. It is 98.03 per cent in Paschimi Singhbhum
of June to November. However, the distribution of which is at the top whereas in Ranchi it is 90.54 per
rice in PMGKY was over 90 thousand tonnes in the cent which is at the bottom. The state average is
months of May to August. The major distribution of almost 95 per cent (table- 7.8).
Figure 7.5: Distribution of Rice and Wheat (in thousand tonnes) between January to December 2022
(up to December 20, 2022)
https://aahar.jharkhand.gov.in/district-monthly-reports
198
Figure 7.6: Month-Wise Report Card of Total Transaction and Total Distribution of Rice, Wheat,
Salt, Sugar and Kerosene oil through the PDS in Jharkhand
A. Total monthly transactions (in lakhs) B. Monthly distribution of Rice and Wheat
(in thousand tonnes)
C. Monthly distribution of Salt and Sugar C. Monthly distribution of Kerosene Oil

(in thousand Kg.) (in thousand ltr.)
199
Figure 7.7: District-wise total distribution of Rice, Wheat, Kerosene oil, Salt and Sugar through the
PDS in Jharkhand between January to December 2022 (up to December 20, 2022)
Rice Wheat Salt Sugar Kerosene oil

Name of the (in thousand (in thousand (in thousand (in thousand (in thousand
District tonnes) tonnes) Kg.) Kg.) ltr.)
Bokaro 101.51 44.12 1308.18 68.52 603.85
Chatra 70.88 30.48 620.23 79.55 421.51
Deoghar 89.96 38.83 925.61 33.15 871.20
Dhanbad 138.36 59.51 1048.24 0.09 807.98
Dumka 88.70 36.62 1784.55 0.188 526.33
Purbi
Singhbhum 113.71 50.43 882.45 0.003 824.25
Garhwa 83.06 35.44 1642.86 0.005 500.22
Giridih 154.29 68.17 1428.63 289.95 877.73
Godda 82.12 34.13 983.31 83.37 758.71
Gumla 63.78 26.96 529.05 83.78 536.12
Hazaribagh 115.65 49.95 2355.13 126.26 633.31
Jamtara 56.64 24.22 1356.07 32.91 681.57
Kodarma 42.43 18.32 584.81 2.70 243.75
Latehar 51.60 21.89 508.20 36.70 363.47
Lohardaga 34.05 14.66 381.96 0.004 356.58
Pakur 62.00 24.55 759.70 62.75 351.88
Palamu 130.96 57.27 2494.73 183.08 772.16
Ranchi 144.22 63.88 2588.95 143.97 976.04
Sahibganj 74.53 29.92 803.74 216.63 354.30
Saraikela-
Kharsawan 63.46 28.00 1214.79 0.02 404.27
Simdega 42.32 18.41 298.17 0.004 588.58
Pashchimi
Singhbhum 104.16 45.42 2294.75 0.02 800.90
Khunti 36.03 15.89 644.14 25.71 227.67
Ramgarh 46.82 20.16 1141.47 24.70 401.53
Total 1991.24 857.24 28579.69 1494.06 13883.89
200
Table 7.8: Allocation and Distribution of Foodgrains (Rice+Wheat) through the PDS in Jharkhand
(Three Months Total)
Three Months Aggregate of

Name of the Rice and Wheat (Sept+Oct+Nov 2022)
District Distribution
Allocation Distribution
(in %)
Bokaro 21179845 20349061.92 96.08
Chatra 15021220 14391440.03 95.81
Deoghar 18473845 17989130.12 97.38
Dhanbad 29774285 27696937.08 93.02
Dumka 19054935 18589192.38 97.56
Purbi
28109295 25826371.55 91.88
Singhbhum
Garhwa 19111775 18017610 94.27
Giridih 33777590 32389950.98 95.89
Godda 18033050 17104374.5 94.85
Gumla 13390555 12831902.88 95.83
Hazaribagh 24060070 23029765.18 95.72
Jamtara 11450085 11161669.06 97.48
Kodarma 8630065 8418436.76 97.55
Latehar 10779245 10403735.82 96.52
Lohardaga 7105820 6911438.15 97.26
Pakur 12823860 12333817.94 96.18
Palamu 29556960 27841228.26 94.20
Ranchi 34909130 31606917.69 90.54
Sahibganj 16107520 15395057.72 95.58
Saraikela-
14880530 13765298.96 92.51
Kharsawan
Simdega 9064760 8555112.14 94.38
Pashchimi
23934815 23463621.69 98.03
Singhbhum
Khunti 8577675 8140453.66 94.90
Ramgarh 9747360 9394054.54 96.38
Total 437554290 415606579 94.98
https://aahar.jharkhand.gov.in/district-monthly-reports/nfsa-report/MQ%3D%3D
201
Current Status as well as Progress of the New/Ongoing Schemes/Programmes
Several schemes of the central and the state schemes i.e., CMSUPPORTS and Pulse Distribution
government are operational in the state to ensure Scheme have been started in the financial year 2021-
sustainable food and nutrition security. Two new 22 and 2022-23 respectively by the state government.
Chief Minister Subsidy for Purchase of Petrol for Riding Two-wheelers Scheme (CMSUPPORTS)
This scheme was launched on January 26, 2022. apply through online CM SUPPORTS App or Aahar
Under this scheme, all NFSA and JSFSS beneficiaries, portal, are being provided with a subsidy of Rs. 250
who have two-wheelers registered in their names in per month for the purchase of petrol through the
Jharkhand and being used in the state and who also PFMS into their ration card seeded bank account.
Pulse Distribution Scheme

It has been decided to provide one kilogram pulse covered under the National Food Security Act and
per month at a subsidized rate of one rupee per kg Jharkhand State Food Security Scheme from the
to improve the food basket available to the families financial year 2022-23.
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana

Keeping in view the COVID-19 effects, Pradhan are being provided free of cost to the beneficiaries
Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana has been of the National Food Security Act. The foodgrains
implemented in the financial year 2022-23 for the provided to the beneficiaries under this scheme are in
period from April 2022 to September 2022, which has addition to the regular foodgrains available under the
been now extended till December, 2022. Under this National Food Security Act.
scheme, five kilograms of foodgrains (rice and wheat)
Jharkhand State Food Security Scheme (JSFSS)

Under the National Food Security Act, the maximum expense under which 5 kilograms of foodgrains (rice)
number of beneficiaries for the state of Jharkhand has are being provided to each member at a subsidized
been set by the government of India as 2,64,25,385 rate of one rupee per kg. Under the scheme, the
but it has been observed that there are many such maximum number of beneficiaries has been fixed at
beneficiaries who are not included in the scheme 15 lakhs, which shall be increased to 20 lakhs in the
even though they are fully eligible under the National financial year 2022-23. At present, five kilograms of
Food Security Act. For such deserving beneficiaries, rice is being given to 14,65,387 lakh beneficiaries
the Jharkhand State Food Security Scheme has been under this scheme.
implemented by the state government at its own
National Food Security Act- 2013

The National Food Security Act 2013 is operational in  The upper limit of beneficiaries in Jharkhand
the state. The schemes under this Act are as follows: under the National Food Security Act, 2013 as
fixed by the government of India is 2,64,25,385.
 Under the PHH scheme, 5 kilograms of
Cent per cent coverage of beneficiaries has
foodgrains (rice and wheat) per person is being
been achieved by the Department.
provided to each beneficiary at the subsidized
rate of Re. 1/kg.  Quantity of foodgrains lifted per month
to distribute to eligible beneficiaries is
 Under the AAY scheme, 35 Kg of foodgrains
approximately 1.45 lakh MT.
(rice and wheat) per AAY family is being
provided at the subsidized rate of Re. 1/kg.
PVTGDakiya Scheme
Since April 2017, the department under this scheme, is providing foodgrains at the doorstep to those PVTG
202
families who are covered under the NFSA as a AAY of cost. At present, the total number of PVTG families
category beneficiary of the state. Under this scheme, in the state is approximately 73,891.
a PVTG family is provided 35 kg of foodgrains free
Rice Fortification Scheme

The distribution of fortified rice scheme is currently of about 1.06 lakh tonnes. Hazaribagh, Dhanbad
operational in 22 districts of Jharkhand. It is a scheme and Ranchi have secured the top three positions
which helps to fight the problem of malnutrition in a in distributing the fortified rice during this period
surgical manner. The scheme is running as per the (table- 7.9). A workshop/seminar was organized in
guidelines received from the government of India Jamshedpur district to create awareness regarding
which has advised to distribute fortified rice to all consumption of fortified rice. Hoardings, flexes etc.
the districts of the state. As on December 29, 2022, have also been put up at all public distribution system
a total of about 0.63 lakh tonnes of fortified rice has shops to encourage its consumption.
been distributed in the state out of the total allocation
Table 7.9: District-Wise Allocation and Distribution of Fortified Rice (in Kg.) as on December 29, 2022.
Name of the Distribution
Allocation Distribution
District (in %)
Bokaro 5648392 4370627 77.38
Chatra 4015370 3608099.14 89.86
Deoghar 4930918 762078.58 15.46
Dhanbad 7941730 5648043.668 71.12
Dumka 5151627 1507447.38 29.26
Purbi
7534384 4432740.282 58.83
Singhbhum
Giridih 9019060 2694968 29.88
Godda 4858989 3939010.88 81.07
Gumla 3596228 3358281.05 93.38
Hazaribagh 6427361 5894165.155 91.70
Jamtara 3061458 2797944.85 91.39
Kodarma 2307515 2045192.76 88.63
Latehar 2901647 1015278.5 34.99
Lohardaga 1900064 1808598.63 95.19
Pakur 3514537 2844152.64 80.93
Palamu 5405418 1556671.12 28.80
Ranchi 9312744 4105774.12 44.09
Sahibganj 4387587 2615769.57 59.62
Saraikela-
3972795 1419679.449 35.74
Kharsawan
Simdega 2420972 2157516.36 89.12
Pashchimi
6386001 4179824.8 65.45
Singhbhum
Khunti 2287967 512512.41 22.40
Total 106982764 63274376.34 59.14
https://aahar.jharkhand.gov.in/district-monthly-reports/district-reports-forti-fied-rice
203
Annapurna Yojana
Under this scheme, 10 kg of rice per beneficiary per years of age and are eligible for the Indira Gandhi
month is distributed free of cost to 49,371 persons. National Old Age Pension Scheme. However, they
The Central Government allots foodgrains (rice) are not getting the pension. This scheme is fully
under the scheme for beneficiaries who are above 60 dependent on foodgrains given by the Central Govt.
Distribution of Sugar to AAY

Under this scheme, at present AAY families are being dietary habit/central allocation/preferences of the
supplied 1 kg sugar per month at a subsidized rate. population. At present, a subsidy of 18.50 rupees per
The families are provided sugar depending on the kg is being provided by the central Govt.
Distribution of Salt
Under this scheme, each PHH and the AAY family financial year 2022-23, the benefit of salt distribution
is supplied 1 kg free flow refined iodized salt per scheme is being given to the families covered by the
month at a subsidized rate of 1 rupee per kg. In the Jharkhand State Food Security Scheme.
Distribution of Kerosene Oil Scheme

Under this scheme, kerosene oil at retail selling price GoI, is directly transferred to the bank account of the
(RSP) is distributed to the families of PHH, AAY, beneficiaries through the DBT. The dealers are given
Green and White Ration card holders of the state. The commission of Re 1/litre which is borne equally by
subsidy amount on kerosene oil, which is borne by the the state government and the beneficiaries.
Mukhyamantri Dal-Bhat Yojana

Under the Mukhyamantri Dal-Bhat Yojna, the poor running all over the state to provide such meals. Also
people are being provided a square meal of a day at 11 such centres are running at night to provide food
just 5 rupees. Presently, there are 377 Dal Bhat centres in the same manner and rate.
Jharkhand State Contingent Foodgrains Fund

The Government of Jharkhand aims at providing food Fund right from the district level down to the
security under the provisions of the National Food panchayat level in the FY 2018-19. From this fund,
Security Act (NFSA)-2013. However, to thwart any 10 kg of rice is made available free of cost to the
eventuality of starvation death, the Government has eligible beneficiaries from the open market at par or
constituted Jharkhand State Contingent Foodgrains below the notified rate of the local market committee.
Sona-Sobran Dhoti-Saree Distribution Scheme

This is a flagship scheme of the government of beneficiaries of Jharkhand State Food Security
Jharkhand which provides clothing security to the Scheme is similar to the beneficiaries covered by
needy people in the state. Under the “Sona-Sobran the National Food Security Act, in the second phase
Dhoti-Saree Distribution Scheme” all eligible of the scheme, it was decided to give the benefit
households of the National Food Security Act were of Dhoti-Saree distribution scheme to the families
provided a Dhoti, Lungi and Saree at subsidized rate covered by the Jharkhand State Food Security
twice during the last financial year at an interval Scheme (Green Card) too and about 87 per cent of
of six months. In the first phase, clothes had been the eligible cardholders (NFSA+Green Cardholders)
distributed among about 96 per cent cardholders were given clothes during this phase. During this
against the total eligible cardholders. During this second phase, about 34.5 lakh Dhoti, 54.8 lakh Saree
phase all the eligible cardholders received clothes and about 20.2 lakh Lungi were distributed among
in Chatra, Giridih, Latehar, Lohardaga and Simdega the beneficiaries in the state (table- 7.10 B).
district (table-7.10 A).Since the eligibility of the
204
Table 7.10 A: District-Wise Distribution of Dhoti, Saree and Lungi in the first phase (March, 2021)
March 2021
Name of the Total Cardholders
District Total Eligible
Dhoti Saree Lungi Cardholders Benefitted (in
Cardholders
Benefitted %)
Bokaro 171882 262153 90847 288936 266194 92
Chatra 109480 164627 57352 168986 169010 100
Deoghar 140197 218766 78116 228048 219947 96
Dhanbad 231314 361978 131115 412783 365614 89
Dumka 152789 241513 89637 247917 245059 99
East
233929 380764 146005 399613 383275 96
Singhbhum
Garhwa 140485 220206 79979 249974 224645 90
Giridih 251647 396341 139803 401048 401121 100
Godda 139657 217113 77507 230770 219989 95
Gumla 100173 155650 56050 161080 158841 99
Hazaribagh 191497 294536 101952 305947 297775 97
Jamtara 88579 143117 52328 149495 144310 97
Khunti 60804 97810 36658 103733 99048 95
Kodarma 64043 97910 34706 102486 99935 98
Latehar 84542 131167 46044 132275 132443 100
Lohardaga 52535 85659 32923 86610 86771 100
Pakur 100970 158329 57760 166402 159824 96
Palamu 237882 364947 127659 380713 369296 97
Ramgarh 74921 114425 39555 117086 115628 99
Ranchi 272154 424347 149763 458950 426820 93
Sahibganj 114433 179423 65477 194914 182809 94
Saraikela -
129489 196662 67908 212064 199820 94
Kharsawan
Simdega 72876 114538 41519 116831 116910 100
West
213737 326073 111313 333156 329662 99
Singhbhum
Total 3430015 5348054 1911976 5649817 5414746 96
https://aahar.jharkhand.gov.in/district-monthly-reports/dist-lifted-dhoti-saree-report
205
Table 7.10B: District-Wise Distribution of Dhoti, Saree and Lungi in the second phase
(September, 2021)
September 2021
Name of the Total Cardholders
District Total Eligible
Dhoti Saree Lungi Cardholders Benefitted (in
Cardholders
Benefitted %)
Bokaro 192520 300928 108048 350701 301495 86
Chatra 107346 171425 63670 194292 171722 88
Deoghar 145198 232485 87077 249789 232752 93
Dhanbad 244771 383005 137729 470169 383517 82
Dumka 149441 236910 87122 267967 237546 89
East
268086 405864 136641 458703 406596 89
Singhbhum
Garhwa 151628 240005 87882 276901 240832 87
Giridih 233408 377389 143318 436730 378428 87
Godda 139297 221232 81585 254100 221690 87
Gumla 95792 155938 59654 179687 156282 87
Hazaribagh 183359 293623 109840 333361 294028 88
Jamtara 91305 147674 56248 161591 147947 92
Khunti 60820 98253 36986 115585 98870 86
Kodarma 68402 106315 37778 115681 106542 92
Latehar 81527 128057 46274 148042 128349 87
Lohardaga 56101 90631 34323 98945 90874 92
Pakur 106516 172492 65674 190259 172986 91
Palamu 230800 368005 136162 424371 368906 87
Ramgarh 80412 124691 44052 137249 124890 91
Ranchi 283371 456830 172793 546713 457850 84
Sahibganj 119657 191220 71268 215285 191717 89
Saraike-
123042 197309 73959 239819 197788 82
la-Kharsawan
Simdega 65297 108436 42708 126884 108914 86
West
173600 280214 105523 363111 281366 77
Singhbhum
Total 3451696 5488931 2026314 6355935 5501887 87
https://aahar.jharkhand.gov.in/district-monthly-reports/dist-lifted-dhoti-saree-report
206
Providing Digital Weighing Machine to PDS Dealers

The department took the initiative to provide digital quantity of foodgrains. The department is working on
weighing machines to the PDS shops in order to providing digital weighing machines to all FPS shops
stop the pilferage in the distribution of foodgrains in the state.
and also to ensure that the beneficiaries get proper
Improved Service Delivery

With the objective of improved delivery mechanism PDS shops working in offline mode are also being
and for the purpose of providing better Biometric converted to online mode with the help of 4G
Authentication of beneficiaries, Iris scanners are dongle/12db antenna. The department has also
being installed at identified PDS shops. In the first entered into an MoU with CSC-SPV on June 09,
Phase, 1,500 Iris scanners have been installed in 2022 to develop PDS shops into Common Service
different districts of the state. Centres (CSC). A total of 4,690 PDS shops have been
converted into CSCs as on October 07,2022.
System Strengthening and initiatives for better monitoring of Schemes:

(i) To remove discretion, time stamping was for monitoring of transportation of foodgrains.
adopted and SoP was defined for automatic (vii) Dealer License Management System (DLMS)
movement of Green card (JSFSS) to PHH card has been devised for online notice and for the
(Pink card) on vacancies created. purpose of getting reply from the PDS dealers.
(ii) As a sunshine measure, an online e-book (viii) The CM-Supports App was launched for
has been prepared by the department which managing petrol subsidy.
provides updated information related to (ix) To ensure timely lifting and distribution of K-oil
important schemes to the public on a real time by the wholesalers and PDS shops, the process
basis. It is available on the departmental website of online K-oil allocation system was developed.
www.aahar.jharkhand.gov.in. This dynamic (x) Special drive for de-duplication of duplicate
e-Book contains details of all beneficiaries UID resulted into reduction of intra-district
covered under the public distribution system duplicate UID to a large extent.
of the state. This e-Book also has details about (xi) Bulk authentication of the UID of beneficiaries
quantity of food grains distributed to each was initiated to clean up the database.
beneficiary family. In this, number of ration (xii) Updating data of offline distribution of
cardholder’s category wise details i.e. (SC/ST/ ration through e-PoS by using biometric
OBC/GEN/PVTG) are also available. authentication of Dealers from HHD was
(iii) The Aadhar based OTP system for dealer started in December 2021.
change, card surrender, shifting of member (xiii) The study and research on good practices in
from one card to another is implemented. public distribution system led to initiation of
(iv) ‘One Nation One Ration Card’ scheme has revamping PDS control order of the state so that
been implemented in the entire state. more stringent measures could be incorporated
(v) A Geo-location based Aahar Suvidha App in it to curb irregularities in the system and
mostly for the PVTG beneficiaries’ distribution make it more reliable and user friendly.
and also for offline shops was developed. (xiv) The online PDS distribution system is a key
Through this method latitude and longitude of to check leakages and to ensure entitlement
foodgrain distribution as well as the photograph to the beneficiaries. Keeping this in mind,
of beneficiaries can be captured. This data rigorous monitoring and follow up with the
is now available on departmental portal on a e-PoS service provider and DSOs led to the
real-time basis which can be verified, in case a conversion of more than 350 offline PDS shops
complaint is received. into Online shops during this period. Now, real
(vi) Supply Chain Management System Mobile time aadhar authenticated data is available on
App is launched for Lifting in-charge and AGM aahar portal for these shops too.
207
(xv) The Daal Bhat Mobile App for Daal-Bhat launched shortly to improve monitoring of the
Kendra is also under development and will be Dal-Bhat Centres.
Godown Construction/Renovation
Under this Scheme, the department has focused on the department has been able to create a capacity of
creating sufficient storage capacity for foodgrains to nearly 3.09 lakh MT. Out of which, construction of
strengthen the supply chain management system. As storage capacity of 1.61 Lakh MT is completed, and
far as the storage capacity of godowns is concerned, 1.48 Lakh MT is still under construction.
Consumer Welfare Fund Scheme

The department has already constituted the Consumer of the interest amount accrued thereon.
Welfare Fund of 10 crore rupees in the FY 2016-17
In order to increase the above fund by 10 crore rupees
with the state contribution of 2.5 Cr. Rupees and the
in the financial year 2021-22, 2.5 crore rupees has
central Government contribution of 7.5 Cr. rupees.
been transferred from the state share to the fund.
Consumer welfare measures are to be undertaken out
National Food Security Complaint Redressal

The grievances are very common when there is a the web address- https://pgms.dfcajharkhand.in. As
big network of PDS operational in the state which of December 2022, about 2,63,370 complaints were
handles many beneficiaries covered under various registered on PGMS and about 2,60,979 of them have
types of schemes. However, the success rate of the been successfully closed. Thus,PGMS has a success
grievance redressal mechanism shows the will and rate of more than 99 per cent. The PGMS also allows
efforts of the government towards serving the people for suggestions and about 2,504 suggestions have
honestly and effectively. For redressal of complaints been received so far. Between January to December
against various schemes of food security,call centres, 2022, more than 54 thousand complaints have been
helplines, DGRO and State Food Commission registered. A monthly distribution of complaints
have been established in the state. The call centre- received on PGMS have been depicted through the
PGMS (Public Grievance Management System) is figure- 7.8. In terms of the sources of grievances
functioning very effectively here and through this the received, phone calls account for more than 75 per
supervision and monitoring of various schemes have cent whereas, about 22 per cent of the grievances are
become timely and more efficient. This is a well- received through the website. Figure- 7.9 shows the
maintained system and can be easily accessed through sources of grievances received on PGMS.
Figure 7.8: Month-wise distribution of Grievances Received between Jan to Dec 2022
Source: https://pgms.dfcajharkhand.in/index.php/dashboard
208
Figure 7.9: Sources of Grievances (Total Grievances Received- 2,63,370)
Source: https://pgms.dfcajharkhand.in/index.php/dashboard
Budget Provisions and Utilisation of funds of Different Schemes

Several schemes related to food and nutrition security The overall fund utilization was 88.54 per cent in
along with other consumers welfare schemes are the financial year 2021-22. In terms of specific
run by the Department of Food, Public Distribution schemes, Dhoti-Saree Distribution (100 per cent),
and Consumer Affairs, government of Jharkhand. Paddy Procurement (99.76 per cent), Distribution of
Table-7.11 shows the allotment and utilisation of foodgrains to NFSA beneficiaries (94.42 per cent)
funds of these schemes and thus it shows the financial and Jharkhand State Contingent Food Fund (93.12
performance of the schemes and the department. per cent), etc., were among the top performers.
Table 7.11: Scheme-wise Allotment and Utilisation of Funds of Various Schemes of the Department of
Food, Public Distribution and Consumer Affairs, Government of Jharkhand(Amount in Rs. Crores)
Financial Year
2021-22 (as of 31.03.2022) 2021-22 (as of 29.09.2022)
Expenditure
Expenditure
Name of the Schemes

Utilization
Utilization
Allocation
Allocation
Revised
Revised
(in %)
(in %)
Primary Household Scheme

593.71 525.6335 88.53 530.71 167.2307 31.51
(PHH)
Antodaya Ann Yojana (AAY) 164.85 139.7951 84.80 150 45.1012 30.07
Dhoti-Saree distribution
261.13 261.13 100.00 600 0 0.00
scheme
Distribution of Foodgrains to
159 150.1277 94.42 276 186.7874 67.68
NFSA beneficiaries
209
Financial Year
2021-22 (as of 31.03.2022) 2021-22 (as of 29.09.2022)
Expenditure
Expenditure
Name of the Schemes
Utilization
Utilization
Allocation
Allocation
Revised
Revised
(in %)
(in %)
Paddy Procurement 170 169.5844 99.76 100 1.4465 1.45
Computerisation Scheme 57.9385 41.4074 71.47 50 0.0588 0.12
Godawn Construction
44.97 39.2455 87.27 60 0 0.00
Scheme
Salt Distribution Scheme 70 43.0091 61.44 80 39.0076 48.76
Government Meal Centre
26.6358 19.415 72.89 30 5.5836 18.61
Scheme
Kerosene Oil Distribution
3.6 1.6365 45.46 4 0 0.00
Scheme
Dakiya Scheme 7 3.9145 55.92 7 1.2629 18.04
Annpurna Yojana 2.6 0 0.00 1 0 0.00
Jharkhand State Contingent
6.539 6.089 93.12 7 0 0.00
Food Fund
Consumer Welfare Fund 2.5 2.5 100.00
Grievance Redressal of
0.6 0.5284 88.07 0.72 0.2092 29.06
NFSA
Rice Fortificatin Scheme
2 0 0.00 4 0.1265 3.16
(Centre Sponsored Scheme)
Integrated Management of
1.1652 0.1895 16.26 0.19 0 0.00
PDS (Central Scheme)
CMSUPPORTS 11.6427 4.1191 35.38 61.25 2.4636 4.02
Other 7.375 2.343 31.77 538.13 0.0829 0.02
Total 1593.2562 1410.6677 88.54 2500 449.3609 17.97
Nutrition Security in Jharkhand: Interventions and Improvement in Indicators

The government of Jharkhand has accorded high visible impacts in the state and the results of the
priority to improve overall nutrition security in latest National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) have
the state with special focus on nutrition security of shown this. To create awareness about the various
the women and children. To address the issues of aspects of nutrition security, the government of
malnutrition and anaemia among children, pregnant
Jharkhand is making the most of the Village Health
women and lactating mothers, the government has
implemented specific schemes like state nutrition Sanitation and Nutrition Day (VHSND). To convert
mission (Poshan Abhiyan) and SAAMAR (Strategic the nutrition mission into a peoples’ movement, the
Action for Alleviation of Malnutrition and Anaemia government has engaged heads of the villages and
Reduction). These schemes have started creating panchayats along with others to improve nutrition.
210
SAAMAR (Strategic Action for Alleviation of Malnutrition and Anaemia Reduction)
This is a new scheme which was launched in the month complications to the Malnutrition Treatment
of March 2021. This is a campaign scheme which Centre and also the treatment of children from
aims to identify anaemic women and malnourished zero to one mont h in the Special New-born
children and covers various departments to effectively Care Unit (SNCU).
deal with the problem in the state. For maintaining
 Treatment of c h ildren suffering from severe
data and tracking the progress of this campaign,the
acute malnutrition who do not have any medical
SAMAR App has been developed. The App will
complications an d who pass the hunger test
be used by the SAMAR Nutrition Team. The main
in a community-b a sed care and management
beneficiaries of SAMAR campaign are- children
program.
(between 0-9 years), adolescent girls (between
10-19 years), women (between 20-24 years) and  Sending children, adolescent girls, women and
all pregnant and lactating mothers. Major actions pregnant women with severe anaemia to the
undertaken under SAMAR campaign so far are: nearest community health centre for further
treatment.
 Formation of a SAMAR Nutrition Team for
each Anganwadi centre.  To link all such houses where malnourished
children, adolescent girls or pregnant women
 Identification of symptoms of malnutrition and
are found with such programs of various
anaemia in children, adolescent girls, women
departments of the government which have
and pregnant women by SAMAR Nutrition
a direct or indirect impact on malnutrition
Team in every house falling in the area of each
prevention.
Anganwadi centre.
 A dashboard will be prepared for continuous
 Bringing children, adolescent girls, women, and
tracking and monitoring of children, adolescent
pregnant women suffering from malnutrition
girls, women, lactating mothers and pregnant
and anaemia of each Anganwadi centre to
women suffering from malnutrition and
their respective Anganwadi centres on the day
anemia. Through this Dashboard, the progress
of Village Healt h Sanitation Nutrition Day
of the program can be seen and detailed
(VHSND) and also get various tests done for
information on nutrition Indices up to the
confirmation of malnutrition and anaemia.
Block, Anganwadi center and Family level can
 Admitting chil d ren (1 month to 5 years) be obtained.
suffering from acute malnutrition with medical
POSHAN (Partnerships and Opportunities to Strengthen and Harmonize Actions for Nutrition)
Abhiyaan
To fight malnutrition, especially among the seminars, Ayush for anaemia, webinars, quiz, etc.
children, pregnant women and lactating mothers, the Figure- 7.10 shows the performance by participation
government of India launched the POSHAN Abhiyaan of districts and ministries of Jharkhand under the
on March 08, 2018, and since then the programme POSHAN Abhiyaan. Accordingly, the districts of
has been running successfully in Jharkhand. The Gumla, Deoghar and Dumka are top three performers
unique feature of this scheme is that it aims to build in the state. Among the ministries, the Ministry of
a people’s movement around malnutrition in the Women and Child Development is the top performer.
country. The scheme is operational in all the 24 Similarly, Mahila Aur Swasthya theme has attracted
districts of the state and as on December 30, 2022. the maximum participation in the state. There is an
Participation of more than 33.18 crore have been event-wise number of activities organized under the
done in various activities which includes activities POSHAN Abhiyaan which is given in Table- 7.12.
such as T3 camps (test, treat, talk), IFA distribution,
211
Figure 7.10: Performance by Participation under POSHANAbhiyaan in Jharkhand (as on December
30, 2022)
A. District-wise Participation (in Numbers) B. Theme-wise Participation (in Numbers)
C. Ministry-wise Participation (in Numbers)
Source: http://poshanabhiyaan.gov.in/#/
Table 7.12: Event-wise Number of Activities Organized under the POSHANAbhiyaan in Jharkhand
Number of
Sl. No. Name of Event
Activities
1 POSHANPAKHWADA (21 MARCH 2022 - 4 APRIL 2022) 271223
2 POSHANMAAH (1 SEPTEMBER 2021 - 2 OCTOBER 2021) 81125186
3 POSHANPAKHWADA (16 MARCH 2021 - 31 MARCH 2021) 261252
4 POSHAN JAN ANDOLAN (1 OCT 2020 - 15 MAR 2021) 72051
5 POSHANMAAH (7 SEPT 2020 - 30 SEPT 2020) 538648
6 POSHAN JAN ANDOLAN (21 MARCH 2020 - 31 AUG 2020) 4574
8 POSHAN JAN ANDOLAN (1 OCT 2019 - 28 FEB 2020) 9878
212
Number of
Sl. No. Name of Event
Activities
9 POSHAN MAAH (1 SEPT 2019 - 30 SEPT 2019) 270904
10 POSHAN JAN ANDOLAN (23 MARCH 2019 - 31 AUG 2019) 9910
12 POSHAN JAN ANDOLAN (1 OCT 2018 - 7 MAR 2019) 13519
13 POSHANMAAH (1 SEPT 2018 - 30 SEPT 2018) 24062
Grand Total 82785702
Grand Total, India 473160550
Source: http://poshanabhiyaan.gov.in/#/
PM POSHAN
PM POSHAN (POshan SHAkti Nirman) Scheme, table- 7.14.The utilization of the released funds in the
earlier known as ‘National Programme for Mid- year 2019-20 was almost cent per cent. It was about
Day Meal in Schools’ popularly known as Mid- 70 per cent for the year 2020-21 and as per ad hoc
Day Meal Scheme aims atimproving the nutritional release of funds for the year 2021-22, the utilization
standards of the school going children. This is a has reached to about 20 per cent till September 2021.
centrally sponsored scheme which covers all school Similarly, about 40.48 lakh children are enrolled in
children studying in Classes I-VIII in government the primary and the upper primary level in the year
and government-aided schools. Table- 7.13 shows 2020-21 and about 31.99 lakh (79 per cent) of the
the fund and expenditure analysis of MDM whereas mare covered under the MDM scheme.
its enrolment and coverage analysis are given in the
Table 7.13: Year-wise Allocation and Releases of the Central share under MDMs to Jharkhand as on
September 23,2021 (Figure Rs in lakh)
Year Funds Allocated Expenditure/ Release Expenditure (%)

2019-20 (Drought) 3002.28 2992.73 100
2020-21 39934.8 27999.7 70
2021-22 (Adhoc release) 41583 8371.3 20
Source:https://pmposhan.education.gov.in/Files/State_brief/2021/PDF/DP/State%20Brief%20Jharkhand.pdf
Table 7.14: Year-Wise Coverage of Children against Enrolment in MDMs
Year Enrolment Coverage Coverage (in %)
Upper Upper Upper

Primary Total Primary Total Primary Total
Primary Primary Primary
2018-19 2976834 1425963 4402797 1853537 852179 2705716 62 60 61
2019-20 2792149 1388805 4180954 1979092 866595 2845687 71 62 68
2020-21 2671588 1376445 4048033 2141157 1058643 3199800 80 77 79
Source:https://pmposhan.education.gov.in/Files/State_brief/2021/PDF/DP/State%20Brief%20Jharkhand.pdf
213
It is a centrally sponsored scheme which aims at & CD, government of India, there are about 27.8
providing nutritional support to girls in the age thousand registered beneficiaries under the nutrition
group of 11-14 years for improving their health and component and about 67.5 thousand registered
nutritional status as per the nutrition component. The beneficiaries under the non-nutrition component of
scheme also has non-nutrition component where it SAG in Jharkhand. For the SAG scheme, a total of
provides life skill training, accessing public services 500.4 MT of rice was allocated to Jharkhand for the
etc. and it motivates them to go back to formal first and the second quarter of 2020-21 (table- 7.15).
schooling. As per the current annual report of MoW
Table 7.15: Progress of SAG in Jharkhand

Allocation of Foodgrains- Rice
Number of Beneficiaries
Funds Released (in Metric Ton)
Year
Nutrition Non-nutrition (Rs in Lakh)
1st Quarter 2nd Quarter
Component Component
2020-21 27800 67563 33.01 250.2 250.2
Source: https://wcd.nic.in/schemes/scheme-adolescent-girls
Village Health Nutrition Day (VHND)

The VHND is organized once every month  Healthy food habits
(preferably on Wednesdays, and for those villages
 Hygienic and correct cooking practices.
that have been left out, on any other day of the same
month) at the AWC in the village. It is a perfect  Checking for anaemia, especially in adolescent
platform for an interaction between the community girls and pregnant women; checking, advising
and the health providing system. The service package and referring.
for VHND includes Maternal Health, Child Health,
 Weighing of infants and children.
Family Planning, Reproductive Tract Infections
and Sexually Transmitted Infection, Sanitation,  Importance of iron supplements, vitamins, and
Communicable Diseases, Gender, AYUSH, Health micronutrients
Promotion and Nutrition. Under the nutrition service
 Food that can be grown locally.
package, information regarding preventing diseases
caused by nutritional deficiencies are provided and  Focus on adolescent pregnant women and
counselling is given on: infants aged 6 months to 2 years.
Eat Right India Campaign

Eat Right India is an awareness campaign to motivate is to improve public health and to combat negative
people to eat in the right way. The campaign has nutritional trends to fight lifestyle and also other
been launched by the Food Safety and Standards diseases. Eat Right India is aligned to the National
Authority of India (FSSAI). The aim of the campaign Health Policy 2017.
Anganwadi Services
This programme also covers the nutritional Education; (iv) Immunization; (v) Health Check-
component along with the other components. Under up, and (vi) Referral Services. At present, there are
the Anganwadi Services, a package of six services is 38,428 operational Anganwadi Centers, 38,224
provided to pregnant women and lactating mothers Anganwadi workers and 14,080 Anganwadi helpers
and to children under the age of 6 years i.e. (i) in Jharkhand. The total number of beneficiaries under
Supplementary Nutrition (SNP); (ii) Pre-school the Supplementary Nutrition Program (SNP) is about
Non-formal Education; (iii) Nutrition & Health 1.12 lakh (table- 7.16).
214
Table 7.16: Current Status of Anganwadi in Jharkhand
Physical Infrastructure Manpower Beneficiaries
SNP Beneficiaries
Total Anganwadi Centers Anganwadi
38432 38224 (children 27923
(AWCs) Worker
6m-6yrs)
SNP Beneficiaries
Operational Anganwadi (Pregnant Women
38428 14080 28034
Anganwadi Centers Helper & Lactating
Mothers)
AWCs in Govt./
SNP Beneficiaries
Community/ 14775 CDPOs 111 56068
(other)
Schools Buildings
AWCs in Rented Building 7499
AWCs with Toilet Facility 20424
Component wise status of funds released under Anganwadi
(Rupees in Lakhs)
Year General SNP
Amount
APIP APIP Amount released
released till
Approved Approved till date
date
2019-20 25608.3 12804.1 31991.6 15995.8
Source: https://wcd.dashboard.nic.in/
Malnutrition, Undernutrition and the Burden of Diet related non-communicable Diseases in

Jharkhand
Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses or important vitamins and minerals) or micronutrient
imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and/ excess; and overweight, obesity and diet-related non-
or nutrients. Its burden is evaluated by dividing it communicable diseases (such as heart disease, stroke,
into three broad categories- undernutrition, which diabetes and some cancers). Thus, malnutrition, in all
includes wasting (low weight-for-height), stunting its forms, includes undernutrition (wasting, stunting,
(low height-for-age) and underweight (low weight- underweight), inadequate vitamins or minerals,
for-age);micronutrient-related malnutrition, which overweight, obesity and resulting diet-related non-
includes micronutrient deficiencies (a lack of communicable diseases.
Undernutrition/Malnutrition among Children (of age less than five years) and Women (15-49
years)
Jharkhand has witnessed a continuous improvement in 2005-06 to nine per cent in 2019-21 in the state.
in the various parameters of undernutrition and The most significant improvement in terms of degree
malnutrition. The percentage of low-birth-weight can be seen in improvement in the percentage of
babies (less than 2500 gms) has improved from 19 underweight children from 84 per cent in 2015-16
per cent to 16 per cent between 2005-06 to 2019-21. to 39 per cent in 2019-21. Similarly, the conditions
The percentage of children suffering from stunting of anaemic children have also improved from 70
and wasting were 50 per cent and 29 per cent per cent to 67 per cent between 2005-06 to 2019-21
respectively in 2005-06 which has come down to (figure- 7.11).
40 per cent and 22 per cent respectively in 2019-21. The condition of anaemia and underweight among
The figures of severe wasting which measures severe women in the age group 15 to 49 years (reproductive
malnutrition among children who are less than five age) have also improved in the state. In 2005-06, the
years of age and has also improved from 12 per cent percentage of underweight women (with a BMI of
215
less than 18.5) was 43 per cent which has improved to average (2019-21), these figures are still higher. At
26 per cent in 2019-21. During the same period, the India level, the percentage of underweight women is
figures of anaemia among non-pregnant (69 per cent about 19 per cent, anaemic women (non-pregnant)
to 66 per cent) and pregnant women (69per cent to 57 are about 57 per cent and anaemic woman (pregnant)
per cent) have also improved significantly (Figure- is about 52 per cent.
7.12). However, compared with the current national
Figure 7.11: Trends in Undernutrition/Malnutrition Outcomes among Children (<5years) in NFHS-3

(2005-06), NFHS-4 (2015-16) and NFHS-5 (2019-21)
Source: NFHS- 3, 4, and 5. http://rchiips.org/nfhs/
Figure 7.12: Trends in Undernutrition/Malnutrition Outcomes among Women (15-49 years) in NFHS-
3 (2005-06), NFHS-4 (2015-16) and NFHS-5 (2019-21)
Prevalence of Diet/Life-Style related Diseases among Children, Women and Men of Jharkhand
Undernutrition and malnutrition may cause different 21 NFHS report, about three per cent children, 12 per
types of health problems and diseases among the cent women and about 15 per cent men of Jharkhand
people. Diseases such as overweight or obesity, has the problem of obesity and when compared with
hypertension and diabetes has close connections with the previous reports, it has an increasing trend. There
the diet and lifestyle of the people. As per the 2019- is a similar trend in case of hypertension. About 18
216
per cent women and about 23 per cent men had the 10 per cent women and 14 per cent men have diabetes
problem of hypertension in 2019-21. Similarly, about related problems in Jharkhand (figure- 7.13).
Figure 7.13: Trend in Overweight/ Obesity and Non-communicable diseases among Children, Women
and Men in 2005-06, 2015-16 and 2019-21
Trend in Infant and Child and Maternal Mortality Rates

Malnutrition among women and children are the (NNMR) and the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) has
major cause of high child and maternal mortality reduced from 53.5 and 76.6 in 2005-06 to 28.2 and
rates not only in Jharkhand but in the entire country. 37.9 in 2019-21 respectively. However, in comparison
Table- 7.17 shows the trend in child mortality rates to the national averages, these rates are still higher.
in India and Jharkhand. As per the fifth National Jharkhand has also witnessed a significant dip in the
Family Health Survey (2019-21), the mortality rate MMR. In 2015-17, it was 76 per lakh live birth which
of children (< 5 years) is 45.4 in Jharkhand which has reduced to 56 per lakh live birth in 2018-20. The
is slightly higher than the national average of 41.9. national average is 97 per lakh live birth and thus,
However, it has reduced significantly from 112.4 in Jharkhand has performed quite well in reducing the
2005-06. Similarly, the Neo-Natal Mortality Rate MMR (figure- 7.14).
Table 7.17: Trend in Infant and Child Mortality Rates (per 1,000 live births)
NFHS 3 (2005-06) NFHS 4 (20015-16) NFHS 5 (2019-21)

State
Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
Child Death Rate (< 5 years)
Jharkhand 63.7 123.6 112.4 38 58 54 27.3 49.2 45.4
India 51.7 82 74 34 56 50 31.5 45.7 41.9
217
NFHS 3 (2005-06) NFHS 4 (20015-16) NFHS 5 (2019-21)

State
Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
Neo-Natal Mortality Rate (NNMR)
Jharkhand 30.1 58.8 53.5 25.4 34.9 33.1 17.7 30.4 28.2
India 28.5 42.5 39 20.1 33.1 29.5 18 27.5 24.9
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
Jharkhand 47.1 83.3 76.6 34 46 44 22.2 41.1 37.9
India 41.5 62.2 57 29 46 41 26.6 38.4 35.2

Figure 7.14: Trend in Maternal Mortality Rate (per 1,00,000 live birth)
Source: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/40525
Conclusion
Even though the scope for improvement keeps us from 27.53LMT in 2020-21 to 29.28LMT in 2021-
constantly motivated to work with more passion 22 whereas the procurement of rice in the state has
and perseverance it is always satisfying to highlight increased from 4.28LMT to 5.12 LMT during the
our achievements. It is a fact that there has been same period. In terms of paddy procurement, about
consistent improvement in the status of food and 7.53 LMT has been procured in 2021-22 and this has
nutrition security in the state. It has witnessed a benefitted about 1.39 lakh farmers in the state during
significant progress in the production as well as the same period. The state has a very good public
procurement of the foodgrains during the FY 2021- distribution system and to increase its efficiency and
22. The production of rice in the state has increased to maintain transparency as well as accountability,
218
an incremental use of digital infrastructures has been The progress in the field of enhancing nutrition
continuously promoted here. About 95 per cent of the security in the state has looked quite promising in the
total number of FPS are GIS mapped and about 95 per last few years. Several schemes, such as SAMAR,
cent of the total number of dealers are online in the POSHAN, SAG, PM POSHAN (MDM) and
state. To ensure that FPS are not overburdened, and Anganbadi Services, etc have been giving impactful
they ensure hassle free distribution of foodgrains and results continuously in the state. The impact of
other articles, about 91 per cent of the FPS have less these schemes can be easily observed in terms of
than 400 ration cards attached to them and they have improvement in the various types of indicators of
also been equipped with more than 24 thousand ePOS nutrition security. The percentage of low-birth-weight
machines. To stop leakages and identify ghost and babies (less than 2500 gms) has improved from 19
duplicate ration cardholders, UID seeding of about per cent to 16 per cent between 2005-06 to 2019-21.
92 per cent of the total (NFSA+Green) cardholders Similarly, the percentage of children suffering from
have been completed and more than 47.8 lakh cards stunting and wasting were 50 per cent and 29 per
have also been linked to the verified mobile numbers cent respectively in 2005-06 has come down to 40
of the respective cardholders in the state. per cent and 22 per cent respectively in 2019-21.The
conditions of anaemic children have also improved
The distribution of foodgrains and other articles
from 70 per cent to 67 per cent between 2005-06 to
through the PDS is a regular phenomenon in the
2019-21.
state and about 2,448.5 thousand tonnes of rice and
wheat (including distribution under PMGKY) has The condition of anaemia and underweight among
been distributed between January to December 2022. women in the age group 15 to 49 years (reproductive
Apart from rice, wheat, salt, sugar and kerosine oil, age) have also improved in the state. In 2005-06, the
clothes (dhoti, saree and lungi) are also distributed in percentage of underweight women (with a BMI of
the state under the Sona-Sobran Dhoti/Lungi- Saree less than 18.5) was 43 per cent which has improved
Yojana. During the second phase of distribution to 26 per cent in 2019-21. During the same period,
(September 2021) under the scheme, about 34.5 lakh the figures of anaemia among non-pregnant (69 per
Dhoti, 54.8 lakh Saree and about 20.2 lakh Lungi cent to 66 per cent) and pregnant women (69 per cent
were distributed among the beneficiaries in the state. to 57 per cent) have also improved significantly.
The grievances are very common when there is a
There has also been improvement in the various types
big network of PDS operational in the state which
of mortality rates in the state. As per the fifth National
handles a very large number of beneficiaries covered
Family Health Survey (2019-21), the mortality rate
under various types of schemes. The success rate of
of children (< 5 years) is 45.4 in Jharkhand which
the grievance redressal mechanism shows the will
is slightly higher than the national average of 41.9.
and efforts of the government towards serving the
However, it has reduced significantly from 112.4
people honestly and effectively. The Public Grievance
in 2005-06. Similarly, the Neo-Natal Mortality
Management System (PGMS) has a success rate of
Rate (NNMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
more than 99 per cent in Jharkhand. The state has also
has reduced from 53.5 and 76.6 in 2005-06 to 28.2
maintained a good percentage in utilization of funds
and 37.9 respectively in 2019-21.The state has also
against the allocation for several food and nutrition
witnessed a significant dip in the MMR. In 2015-
security related schemes. In this regard, the overall
17, it was 76 per lakh live birth which has reduced
utilization was about 88.54 per cent for the financial
to 56 per lakh live birth in 2018-20. The national
year 2021-22.In terms of specific schemes,the
average is 97 per lakh live birth and thus, Jharkhand
schemes of Dhoti-Saree Distribution (100 per cent),
as performed quite well in reducing the MMR.
Paddy Procurement (99.76 per cent), Distribution of
foodgrains to NFSA beneficiaries (94.42 per cent)
and Jharkhand State Contingent Food Fund (93.12
per cent) were among the top performers.
219
Chapter 8
Industry
221
Abstract
To drive industrial growth in the state, the Government Wide range of policies have been formulated and
of Jharkhand has been implementing several policy are being implemented in the state to support and
measures aimed at fostering the formation of new encourage development of its industries.
manufacturing units and nurturing the existing ones.
Introduction
The industrial sector plays a crucial role in driving the evaluates the factors that are driving or inhibiting
economy of Jharkhand. It contributes significantly their development. This chapter also analyses the
to the state's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and government's strategies and attempts to promote
provides employment opportunities to a large number industrial development. The purpose of this chapter
of people. In the past few years, the government of is to provide a complete overview of Jharkhand's
Jharkhand has taken several initiatives to elevate industrial sector and its potential for future growth.
industrial growth and attract investments in the state.
This chapter aims to provide an overview of the
This chapter provides a detailed analysis of the state's industrial scenario in the state, highlighting its
industrial landscape, including its strengths, problems, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges.
and growth possibilities. It also discusses the current In addition, it intends to examine the many policies,
position of the state's most important industries programs, and other initiatives established by the
like mining, manufacturing, and construction, and state Government in the recent years.
INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS INDUSTRY INDICATORS

Over the years the number of industries in Jharkhand The number of workers in these industries also
has increased. Table 8.1 reveals that the number decreased by 3.83 per cent but the total emoluments
of factories increased by 0.6 per cent in one year has increased by 1.81 per cent during the one year
between 2018-19 and 2019-20. While the working period from 2018-19 to 2019-20. In most of the
capital increased by 11.2 per cent, the fixed capital other indicators of industrial development, the
and invested capital decreased by 3.1 and 2.6 per state exhibited a decline. The value of inputs, the
respectively during this one-year period. While the value of output, the net value added and Provident
working capital increased from about Rs. 19,895 Fund (PF) and Other Welfare Expenditures have
crores in 2018-19 to 22,121 crores in 2019-20 the decreased between the years 2018-19 and 2019-
amount of fixed capital decreased from Rs. 1,02,121 20. The decrease in these indicators of industrial
crores to Rs. 98,928 crores during this period. The development is also because the year 2019-20 was
invested capital also decreased from Rs. 1,25,139 the year of economic slowdown.
crores to Rs. 1,21,935 crores during this period.
Table 8.1: Selected Indicators for industries in Jharkhand (Values in lakhs and others in numbers)
2018-19 2019-20 Per centage Per centage
Change in Change
Per Per Jharkhand in India
Characteristics Jharkhand All India centage to Jharkhand All India centage (18-19 and (18-19 and
India to India 19-20) 19-20)
Number Of
2857 242395 1.18% 2875 246504 1.17% 0.6 1.7
Factories
Fixed Capital
10212081 346606975 2.95% 9892803 364135165 2.72% -3.1 5.1
(Rs.lakh)
Working Capital
1989512 80866459 2.46% 2212094 88330079 2.50% 11.2 9.2
(Rs.lakh)
223
Industry
2018-19 2019-20 Per centage Per centage

Change in Change
Per Per Jharkhand in India
Characteristics Jharkhand All India centage to Jharkhand All India centage (18-19 and (18-19 and
India to India 19-20) 19-20)
Invested Capital
12513881 477726474 2.62% 12193479 497362352 2.45% -2.6 4.1
(Rs.lakh)
Number of Workers 175993 12798588 1.38% 169248 13058156 1.30% -3.8 2.0
Wages to Workers 428012 21576035 1.98% 418413 22890520 1.83% -2.2 6.1
Total Emoluments
801859 46207983 1.74% 816389 49172897 1.66% 1.8 6.4
(Rs.lakh)
Provident Fund and

Other Welfare Ex- 137457 5930137 2.32% 102852 6123310 1.68% -25.2 3.3
penditure (Rs.lakh)
Total Inputs (Rs.

13092339 774377980 1.69% 10910329 749755617 1.46% -16.7 -3.2
lakh)
Value of Output (Rs.

16825465 928179908 1.81% 13738059 898330129 1.53% -18.3 -3.2
lakh)
Net Value Added

3130722 127646637 2.45% 2206660 121264771 1.82% -29.5 -5.0
(Rs.lakh)
Source: Annual survey of Industries 2019-20 and 2018-19
Figure 8.1: Capital Formation of Jharkhand in year 2018-19 and 2019-20
The figure below depicts the productivity of the contribution. The figure 8.2 shows that despite some
factories in Jharkhand with respect to per factory decline in the fixed and invested capital, working
224
capital has increased significantly since 2017-18 industrial sector has sufficient capital for investing
thereby reaching an all- time high of Rs. 22,121 in industrial units. Thus, it can be said that on an
crores in 2019-20. An increase in the working capital average the performance of Jharkhand has improved
indicates that the production is on the rise and the over the years.
Figure 8.2: Productivity per Factory
Source: Compiled from Handbook of Statistics, RBI
Benefits to workers include the wages and social many other states. However, the financial year 2019-
security benefits like Provident Fund along with other 20, when compared to the previous financial year,
welfare expenditures. In terms of providing benefits has shown a slight decline in both these dimensions
to its workforce, Jharkhand has always been ahead of of benefits to the workers.
Figure 8.3: Benefits Per Worker
225
Industry
Figure 8.4 below shows the total input, total output the year 2019-20, which was the year of economic
and Gross Value Added of Jharkhand where all the slowdown, there has been a slight fall in the values of
indicators have shown an increasing trend since 2015- these indicators.
16 thereby reaching its peak in 2018-19. However, in
Figure 8.4: Total Input, Total Gross Output and Gross Value Added of Jharkhand
Source: Compiled from Handbook of Statistics, RBI
Table 8.2 compares the level of industrialization up the process. Although Jharkhand falls short of
in Jharkhand to that of other states. As is evident, certain states in this regard, it has been outperforming
Jharkhand has made a concerted effort to improve its many states and UTs. Numerous industries can kick
degree of industrialisation by authorising and putting off with confidence owing to the presence of vast
into place programmes and policies that can speed mineral reserves and government assistance.
Table 8.2: Comparison of level of industrialization with other States ( Amount in lakhs)
Number of Working Value of Gross Value
States Fixed Capital
Factories Capital Output Added
Andaman &
15 1,378 1,206 3,871 1058
N. Island
Andhra
16,924 2,06,54,656 22,90,232 4,00,46,283 5169997
Pradesh
Arunachal
116 16,100 20,546 59,716 10422
Pradesh
Assam 5,196 31,85,207 9,98,000 77,48,672 1755876
Bihar 3,429 15,01,129 5,24,274 76,17,888 718666
Chandigarh 250 96,626 1,06,524 3,52,387 59119
Chattisgarh 3,892 1,14,66,364 13,14,736 1,65,40,759 2540724
226
Number of Working Value of Gross Value

States Fixed Capital
Factories Capital Output Added
Dadra &
1,355 29,58,793 20,04,576 91,84,607 1347152
Nagar Haveli
Daman &
1,682 12,39,408 12,32,653 44,19,661 974625
Diu
Delhi 3,259 6,88,888 6,30,317 46,70,423 651054
Goa 711 13,33,049 9,95,730 45,91,143 1465434
Gujarat 28,479 7,48,56,033 1,10,43,620 16,29,53,192 23548408
Haryana 11,252 1,42,27,981 55,28,368 5,96,30,890 8164267
Himachal
2,687 46,99,152 11,66,912 1,17,18,159 3245244
Pradesh
Jammu &
1,022 8,32,888 4,53,068 30,06,906 730088
Kashmir *
Jharkhand 2,875 98,92,803 22,12,094 1,37,38,059 2827730
Karnataka 14,169 2,24,92,822 74,19,978 5,56,87,658 10640880
Kerala 7,796 56,21,182 18,74,983 2,14,84,484 2252678
Ladakh * 3 74,137 2,143 24,727 15951
Madhya
4,771 1,87,41,641 8,87,020 2,89,25,578 4394005
Pradesh
Maharashtra 25,610 4,23,20,376 1,35,16,774 12,39,76,857 21586010
Manipur 204 14,553 1,530 49,845 10481
Meghalaya 158 3,58,224 1,32,648 7,40,369 168813
Mizoram # 215 5,436 1,339 6,300 3111
Nagaland 190 17,982 14,437 51,901 13344
Odisha 3,079 3,18,67,015 -23,37,107 2,76,70,833 4189428
Puducherry 727 6,42,177 2,83,809 26,79,769 614952
Punjab 13,092 56,24,889 30,65,620 2,13,56,458 3421997
Rajasthan 9,694 1,30,67,726 43,52,963 3,29,33,342 6235790
Sikkim 84 7,34,106 2,61,991 19,67,242 1021465
Tamil Nadu 38,837 3,07,25,218 1,13,54,231 9,27,35,522 16397597
Telangana 15,271 96,90,004 68,00,001 2,54,93,068 5753156
Tripura 657 49,991 11,916 1,72,792 34592
Uttar Pradesh 16,184 1,52,94,771 75,91,307 5,62,69,111 8474061
Uttarakhand 2,969 58,41,571 24,77,360 2,40,68,474 5420796
West Bengal 9,650 1,33,00,889 94,281 3,57,53,186 4715545
All India 2,46,504 36,41,35,165 8,83,30,079 89,83,30,129 148574512
#Mizoram was included in the ASI for the first time in 2019-20
* Separate estimates for Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh in ASI 2019-20 as the erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir was divided into
two UTs viz. Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh
Source: Annual Survey of Industries 2019-20
227
Industry
Structural ratios
The structural ratios pertaining to industrial growth 2629.1 lakhs in 2015-16 which increased to 3441
in Jharkhand and India for the last five years are lakhs in 2019-20. A similar pattern can be observed
presented in table 8.3. The figures clearly suggest that for fixed capital per person engaged. Net value added
the gap between Jharkhand and India has been steadily per factory and also per person engaged has been on
reducing and the production systems are becoming the rise which indicates that industries are clearly
more capital-intensive over a period of time. The contributing more to the overall value addition in the
ratio of fixed capital per factory in Jharkhand was state.
Table 8.3: Structural Ratios of Industries in India and Jharkhand (2015-16 to 2019-20)
Charac- Fixed Fixed Worker / Person Net Value Net Value
teristics capital/ capital/per Factory engaged/ Added/ Added/
Factory engaged Factory Factory Person
(Rs lakhs) (Rs Lakhs) (Rs engaged
Lakhs) (Rs Lakhs)
India 1205.3 19.7 47.8 61.3 460.1 7.5
2015-16 Jharkhand 2629.1 41.4 50.1 63.4 478.3 7.5
India 1358.4 21.4 49.7 63.5 487.9 7.7
2016-17 Jharkhand 3614.1 54.6 50.6 66.2 742 11.2
India 1382.5 21 51.4 65.7 517.4 7.9
2017-18 Jharkhand 3680.1 54.9 53.5 67.9 817.1 12.2
India 1429.9 21.3 52.8 67.2 525.4 7.8
2018-19 Jharkhand 3574.4 42.8 61.6 83.5 1093.9 13.1
India 1477.2 22 53 67.4 591.9 7.3
2019-20 Jharkhand 3441 48 58.9 71.6 767.5 10.7
Source: Annual Survey of Industries
Table 8.4 shows the FDI inflows now occurring in significant depicting that Jharkhand is emerging as a
the state, which were rather high in 2020–21. As a new centre for FDI influx.
result, the entire cumulative inflow has been fairly
Table 8.4: FDI inflows in the State

2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 Cumulative Per centage
Amount (April - (April- (April- inflow (October, to total inflow
March) March) June) 2019 - June, 22) (USD)
Jharkhand
Rupees in crores 5993 48 42 19290
USD million 792 6 5 2656 2%

Source: Quarterly fact sheet on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow
Box: 8.1 : Jharkhand Ethanol Production Promotion Policy-2022 approved

The policy for making ethanol in Jharkhand was approved by the state cabinet on October 21, 2022.
Under the Ethanol Production Promotion Policy-2022, an investor can get a subsidy of up to 30 crore
rupees or 25 per cent of their total investment, if they open a factory in the state which is related to
ethanol production. Apart from this, the interest on new MSME units' loans will be subsidised by 6 per
cent per year, based on the total loan amount. This amount should not be more than 3 crore rupees.
228
MSME sector
MSMEs plays a crucial role in the state by providing investments in plant and machinery for manufacturing
employment at comparatively lower capital cost enterprises and in equipment for service enterprises.
than large industries. The manufacturing and service The MSME sector in Jharkhand is critical in terms of
enterprises have been classified as Micro, Small, creating large-scale job opportunities, industrialising
and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) based on their rural areas and reducing regional imbalances.
Table 8.5: Classification criteria for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Investment Turnover
Micro Not more than Rs.1 crore Not more than Rs. 5 crore
Small Not more than Rs. 10 crore Not more than Rs. 50 crore
Medium Not more than Rs. 50 crore Not more than Rs. 250 crore
Table 8.6 shows the details of the MSMEs registered only 4.2 per cent of the total number of units of
in Jharkhand. The number of units registered in the MSME, 28.7 per cent of the total investment of the
state was 17,906 in the year 2021-22. It was 63.5 per MSME sector has been done in this sector. Similarly,
cent more than the number of units registered in the despite having only 0.3 per cent of the total number
year 2020-21. Though the investment in the registered of units of MSME, the medium enterprises have
units decreased by 1.9 per cent, the employment in absorbed about 30 per cent of the total investment
them increased by 16.3 per cent between the years done in the MSME sector. Of the total number of
2020-21 and 2022. workers engaged in the MSME sector, 13.9 per cent
are employed in small and 3.9 per cent in medium
The micro enterprises dominate the MSME sector
enterprises.
in terms of units of enterprises and the number of
employments provided there. About 95 per cent of Up to August of the Financial year 2022-23, 9,841
MSME are micro enterprises and have provided MSME units were registered where about Rs.
employment to about 81 per cent of the total number 1,45,238 lakh were invested and which provided
of workers engaged in MSME. But despite having employment to 59646 workers.
Table 8.6: Details of MSMEs registered in Jharkhand 2019-20, 2020-21, 2021-22 and 2022-23 (Up to
August, 2022)
Year 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Micro Units (Nos) 10081 17103 9579
Investment (in Rs. Lakh) 43393.61 88084.47 47188.68
Employment 67357 107624 45111
Small Units (Nos) 775 744 255
Employment 35616 19729 3580
Medium Units (Nos) 96 59 07
Employment 10950 5128 955
Total Units (Nos) 10952 17906 9841
Employment 113923 132481 49646
Source: Department of Industries, GOJ
229
Industry
The number of MSME units and the employment The number of MSME units in the country increased
provided in those units have increased significantly by 75.2 per cent and the employment there increased
between the fourth All India Census of MSME by 37.8 per cent during this period. As a result,
(2006-07) and the 73rd round of the NSS in 2015- while the share of Jharkhand in the total number of
16. During this period, the number of MSME units MSEME units of the country and the employment
increased by 135.3 per cent and employment in those in these units were 1.6 and 1.9 per cent respectively
units increased by 93 per cent. There were 6.75 lakh in the year 2006-07, they increased to 2.2 per cent
MSME units in Jharkhand in the year 2006-06, which and 2.5 per cent respectively in the year 2015-16.
increased to 15.88 lakh units in 2015-16. The total This demonstrates the MSME sector's potential to
number of workers employed in these units were enhance this sector while creating jobs for the state's
12.91 lakhs at the time of the fourth census in 2006- population.
07 which increased to 24.91 lakhs at the time of the
The state-wise total employment and total number of
73rd round of the NSS in 2015-16. In Jharkhand, the
units in the MSME sector in the fourth census (2006-
number of MSME units and employment in these
07) and 73rd round of the NSS (2015-16) are shown
units have increased faster than the national average.
in table 8.7.
Table 8.7: State-Wise Medium & Small-Scale Industries - Total Employment

Fourth All India Census of MSME
NSS 73rd Round (2015-16)
(2006-07)
State/Union Territory
Employment (in Number of Units Employment Number of Units
Lakh) (in Lakh) (in Lakh) (in Lakh)
Andaman & Nicobar Islands 0.38 0.14 0.39 0.19
Andhra Pradesh 70.69 25.96 55.99 33.87
Arunachal Pradesh 1.19 0.41 0.41 0.23
Assam 14.25 6.62 18.15 12.14
Bihar 28.26 14.70 53.07 34.46
Chandigarh 1.23 0.49 1.29 0.56
Chhattisgarh 9.52 5.20 16.86 8.48
Dadra & Nagar Haveli 0.41 0.09 0.36 0.16
Daman & Diu 0.37 0.06 0.14 0.08
Delhi 19.81 5.52 23 9.36
Goa 1.88 0.86 1.60 0.70
Gujarat 47.73 21.78 61.16 33.16
Haryana 18.84 8.66 19.06 9.70
Himachal Pradesh 4.68 2.87 6.43 3.92
Jammu & Kashmir 5.75 3.01 10.88 7.09
Jharkhand 12.91 6.75 24.91 15.88
Karnataka 46.72 20.19 70.84 38.34
Kerala 49.62 22.13 44.64 23.79
Lakshadweep 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.02
Madhya Pradesh 33.66 19.33 48.8 26.74
230
Fourth All India Census of MSME

NSS 73rd Round (2015-16)
(2006-07)
State/Union Territory
Employment (in Number of Units Employment Number of Units
Lakh) (in Lakh) (in Lakh) (in Lakh)
Maharashtra 70.04 30.63 90.77 47.78
Manipur 2.36 0.91 2.92 1.80
Meghalaya 1.92 0.88 1.91 1.12
Mizoram 0.81 0.29 0.62 0.35
Nagaland 1.71 0.39 1.77 0.91
Odisha 33.24 15.73 33.26 19.84
Puducherry 1.01 0.35 1.84 0.96
Punjab 26.79 14.46 24.80 14.65
Rajasthan 30.79 16.64 46.33 26.87
Sikkim 0.79 0.17 0.45 0.26
Tamil Nadu 80.98 33.13 96.73 49.48
Tripura 1.75 . 2.95 26.05
Telangana . 0.98 40.16 2.11
Uttar Pradesh 92.36 44.03 165.26 89.99
Uttarakhand 6.96 3.74 6.60 4.17
West Bengal 85.78 34.64 135.52 88.68
ALL INDIA 805.24 361.76 1109.89 633.88
Sources: RBI’s handbook of statistics on Indian States.
Figure 8.5: Per centage share of some states in MSMEs owned by Women
Source: Annual Report, 2021-22, Ministry of MSME, Government of India
231
Industry
Distribution of Proprietary MSMEs by Women in Jharkhand
As per the 73rd round of NSS, there are a total of per cent among all the MSMEs with female owners
1,23,90,523 women-owned proprietaries in the in the country. Jharkhand has been performing better
country. Out of the total women-owned proprietaries than her mother state Bihar and other neighbouring
in the country, Jharkhand has 3,10,388 female states which can be seen in figure 8.5.
entrepreneurs. The share of Jharkhand stands at 2.51
SFURTI
With the aim of recognising the talent, creativity, skills and capabilities will be developed.
and hard work of rural artisans in a variety of fields, • To provide access to common amenities as well
from food products to handicrafts, leather products, as upgraded tools and equipment for artists.
and ayurvedic medicines, and to make traditional • Improving cluster governance systems through
industries more productive, profitable, and capable active stakeholder participation, allowing them
of generating sustained employment for traditional to assess new issues and opportunities and
industrial artisans and subsequently empower the respond to them in a coherent manner.
rural population, the Government of India has • To gradually replicate the models of cluster-
launched the Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of based, regenerated traditional industries
Traditional Industries (SFURTI). It is a government by developing new models of public-
of India cluster-based programme under the ministry private partnerships, enhanced technology,
of MSME. The Khadi and Village Industries sophisticated processes, and traditional and
Commission (KVIC) is the nodal agency for the innovative talents.
promotion of cluster development for khadi. Table 8.8 depicts Jharkhand's ongoing projects in
The key objectives of the SFURTI are mentioned various districts with the goal of cluster development
below: under the SFURTI initiative. In 2016-17, the
state government began with industrial clusters in
• To organise traditional businesses and artisans products such as agarbatti and silk under the SFURTI
in order to increase their competitiveness and scheme. The positive spill-over from the initial
promote long-term sustainability. projects resulted in the establishment of numerous
• Increasing the marketability of cluster products new ones by 2021-22. Cluster development projects
by fostering the development of new items, are currently underway in industries such as food
encouraging packaging design innovation, processing, gold and silver jewellery, textiles,
and working to strengthen the marketing bamboo and handicrafts. These steps will directly
infrastructure. impact the rural population's means of subsistence,
particularly on marginal artisans from scheduled
• Through training and exposure visits, traditional tribes and scheduled castes.
crafts of people in the related clusters', their
Table 8.8: Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries (SFURTI), Detailed Project
Report (DPR) (As on July 12, 2022)
Implement- Total
Name of No. Of Total GOI Financial
Sector ing Agency Nodal Agency District Project
Cluster Artisans Assistance Year
Name Cost
Council for
National Asso-
Handicrafts
Bamboo Craft ciation of Man WEST SINGH- 2021-
Handicraft Development 1048 413.65 379.52
Cluster for Mankind BHUM 2022
Corporations
(NAAM)
(COHANDS)
HIHIRI PIPI- Foundation
Anjeneya EAST SINGH- 2021-
Bamboo RI ADIVASI for MSME 405 271.01 249.37
Bamboo cluster BUM 2022
TRUST Cluster (FMC)
232
Implement- Total
Name Cost
Annatdev Mukhya
Woodcraft Mantri Laghu
2019-
Producer Handicraft Evam Kutir NIMSME BOKARO 150 259.43 238.84
2020
Company Udyam Vikas
Limited Board
Council for
Bamboo
Handicrafts
Craft Clus- Gramodyog 2021-
Bamboo Development RAMGARH 820 356.99 328.1
ter Ramgarh Sansthan 2022
Corporations
Jharkhand
(COHANDS)
Mukhya
Mantri Laghu
Bamboo Crafts 2019-
Bamboo Evam Kutir NIMSME RANCHI 698 429.35 393.76
Cluster 2020
Udyam Vikas
Board
Bassantrai Mukhya
Badge and Mantri Laghu
2019-
Embroidery Textile Evam Kutir NIMSME GODDA 207 236.25 217.5
2020
Producer Com- Udyam Vikas
pany Limited Board
Bishnugarh Gram Vikash
2020-
Brass & Handicraft Manch Parsi- KVIC HAZARIBAGH 832 460.45 421.9
2021
Bronze Cluster yan Khurd
Mukhya
Bundu Lac
Mantrri Laghu
Farming & 2019-
Handicraft Evam Kutir NIMSME RANCHI 500 578.7 480
Processing 2020
Udyam Vikas
Cluster
Board
Mukhya
Gold & Silver Mantrri Laghu
2019-
Jewellery Handicraft Evam Kutir NIMSME RAMGARH 500 365.94 310.54
2020
Cluster Udyam Vikas
Board
Gumla Honey
Vikas Bharti
& Food 2016-
Agro Bishnupur KVIC GUMLA 800 254.24 254.24
Processing 2017
Jharkhand
Major Cluster
Mukhya
Honey Mantrri Laghu
2019-
Processing Honey Evam Kutir NIMSME LOHARDAGA 250 187.75 146.45
2020
Cluster Udyam Vikas
Board
Mukhya
Kariyatpur
Mantri Laghu
Brass 2019-
Handicraft Evam Kutir NIMSME HAZARIBAGH 266 262.3 241.58
Manufacturing 2020
Udyam Vikas
Private Limited
Board
Koderma
DRDA – 2016-
Agarbatti Mini Handicraft KVIC KODERMA 250 127.44 127.44
Kodarma 2017
Cluster
Lac and
other NTFP 2019-
Handicraft Udyogini IMEDF GUMLA 500 162.19 149.32
Processing 2020
Cluster
233
Industry
Implement- Total
Name Cost
Santhal Pragana
Santhal Gramodyog
2016-
Pragana Khadi Textile Samiti, Tower KVIC DEOGHAR 681 150 150
2017
Cluster Chowk,
Dist.- Deogarh
Source: https://sfurti.msme.gov.in/SFURTI/Reports/DPR.aspx
Prime Minister Employment Guarantee Programme (PMEGP)

The objective of the Prime Minister Employment of craftsmen and contribute to a rise in the rural
Guarantee Programme (PMEGP) is to generate and urban employment growth rate. State KVIC
employment possibilities through the establishment Directorates, State Khadi and Village Industries
of new micro and self-employment initiatives. The Boards (KVIBs), and District Industries Centres
initiative also aims to give ongoing and sustainable operate the scheme at the state level (DICs). The
employment to a considerable proportion of existing maximum allowable project cost for the industrial
and aspiring craftsmen of the state. Another essential sector is 25 lakhs rupees, whereas the limit for the
purpose is to boost the wage-earning potential service industry is 10 lakhs.
Table 8.9: Achievement under PMEGP

Target Achievement
Physical Financial (in lakhs) Physical Financial (in lakhs)
2019-20 2762 8285.02 1534 3717.64
2020-21 1863 5589.11 1504 3829.31
2021-22 2075 6148.00 1708 4143.52
2022-23 (Up to
5436 17140.53 301 863.68
August 2022)
Source: Department of Industry, GoJ
The primary objective of the Khadi & Village The give table 8.10 demonstrates that both the
Industries Commission (KVIC) is to provide number of projects and the margin money disbursed
employment in the rural regions, produce marketable by the DIC have increased steadily over a period of
goods, and empower the local population to become time. Between 2019-20 and 2021-22, its value has
self-reliant. Khadi activity is viewed as a viable increased. Money disbursed under the KVIC has also
strategy for creating employment opportunities for shown growth over the years but for KVIB there has
rural craftspeople with minimal capital investment. been a decline.
Table 8.10: Progress of KVIC, KVIB and DIC
KVIC KVIB DIC
Physical Financial (in Physical Financial (in Physical Financial
lakhs) lakhs) (in lakhs)
2019-20 185 580.53 317 865.08 1032 2272.03
2020-21 203 572.27 301 970.39 1000 2286.65
2021-22 253 672.60 309 891.36 1146 2579.56
2022-23 (Up to 43 156.22 65 239.30 193 468.16
August 2022)
234
Sericulture, Handloom and Handicraft Sector
Jharkhand is very rich in handicraft. Katha, appliqué, programmes. C-DAC provides computer-based
satin stitch, tie and dye, terracotta, tasar print, paper design instructions in the districts of Ranchi,
mache, dokra making, agarbatti or incense sticks, Hazaribag, Deoghar, Saraikela-Kharsawan and
bamboo and leather craft, pyatkar and jadopatiya Latehar.
painting, tribal jewellery, pearl jewellery and paper
Sericulture is a major employer in the state, especially
packaging are manufactured across the state. The
in rural areas. 76.4 per cent of Tasar silk, a non-
directorate offers technical training in eight handicraft
mulberry silk, is produced in Jharkhand. Millions of
resources and development centres in Hazaribag,
farmers, craftsmen, handloom and handicraft makers
Palamu, Dhanbad, Ranchi, Khunti, Dumka and
benefit from the sector's rural economy’s backward
Deoghar districts. A total of 2545 handicraft artists
links. The central government's "Make in India"
received advanced training in 2018-19. In 2020-21,
and "Skill India" programmes match the sector.
1135 craftspeople were trained in various handicrafts.
Jharkhand Silk, Textile and Handicraft Development
Women constitute around 30 per cent of handicrafts Corporation (JHARCRAFT) was founded in
programme artisans. In addition, many people in the 2006 to provide design, training, entrepreneurship
state are committed to clay artistry and depend on it development, marketing and raw material support to
for their livelihood. They manufacture idols of deities, local artisans, self-help groups and NGOs involved
Gamla, Matka, Hathi, Ghoda, Kulhad, diya, and in similar activities.
other artefacts for use and decoration. The Jharkhand
Jharkhand Silk Textile and Handicraft Development
government gives technical, financial, and other
Corporation Ltd. (JHARCRAFT) promote post
support to craftsmen to grow in this sector. Jharkhand
cocoon sericultural activities from cocoon to fabric
Matikala Board promotes earthen craftsmanship. In
for rural and tribal livelihoods. Jharcraft sells reelers
2020-21, the beneficiaries received subsidised 520
silk cocoons and buys silk yarn. Weavers receive silk
electric wheels, 176 pugmills, and 13 jigar-jolly. A
yarn and return woven garments. Jharcraft empowers
total of 628 electric wheels, 58 pugmills and 6 jigar-
women weavers by teaching them new skills.
jollys were delivered in 2021-22.
Jharcraft is also planning to increase production of
With funding from NID, Ahmedabad, Ranchi is detailed cane and bamboo work, wood carving, stone
establishing a Craft and Design Institute to train ware, brassware, lac-based handicrafts and terracotta.
weavers and craftspeople in certificate and degree
Table 8.11: Achievement of Sericulture Sector in 2020-21
Year 2020-21
Name of the Scheme
Achievement
Production of Tasar Raw Silk (in MT) 2184.45
Training of Improved Techniques to Sericulture Farmers (in nos.) 6250.00
One Year Certificate Course Training (in nos.) 60
Preservation of Tasar Seed Cocoon (in Lakh) 81.13
Basic Seed Rearing &Tasar Commercial Seed 207.42
Development of Mulberry Sericulture, Plantation and Equipment Support (in
16.5
Acres)
Support for Connectivity under Krishak Sambad Suvidha Scheme (in nos.) 11000
Source: Directorate of Handloom, Sericulture and Handicraft Department, GoJ
235
Industry
Handloom has both forward and reverse links to Board has been established for the benefit of
the other industries. Since Jharkhand is primarily those working in lac, honey, forest products and
an agrarian state where a large proportion of the handicrafts. In 2020-21, 30 days of training in
population depends on agricultural activities, the bamboo handicrafts were delivered to 220 (two
significance of the handloom industry is high. hundred twenty) beneficiaries in eleven batches
The Handloom industry has a vast potential for at a total expenditure of 15,48 Lakhs rupees. The
employment. It is predominantly household-based, Mukhyamantri Laghu Kutir Udyog Vikas Board has
performed with labour contributed by the entire sanctioned seven clusters with a total project cost of
family, primarily by women, thereby directly 2,322,72 lakhs rupees under the Central government-
addressing the issue of women's empowerment. sponsored SFURTI scheme. This will be beneficial to
2,571 craftspeople.
The Mukhyamantri Laghu Kutir Udyan Vikas
Table 8.12: Achievement of Handloom and Handicraft Sector in 2020-21

Name of the Scheme Year 2020-21
Handloom Sector Achievement
One Year Training in Weaving (in nos.) 67
Two months Training in Weaving & Dyeing (under Strengthening of
20
Primary weavers Co-operative Societies Scheme)
Handicraft Sector Achievement
Two Month improved Training in different Handicrafts Trades 1135
Source: Directorate of Handloom, Sericulture and Handicraft Department, GoJ
The State Khadi and Village Industries Board have 92.09 lakhs rupees in 2019-20 to 58.48 lakhs rupees
also been working to produce and sell cotton khadi in 2020-21. In addition, the production of silk khadi
and silk khadi goods. Since 2014-2015, the output of has decreased by 58.87 per cent i.e., from 116.8 lakhs
cotton and silk khadi has increased. However, cotton rupees in 2019-20 to 48.04 lakhs rupees in 2020-21.
khadi production decreased by 36.50 per cent, from
Figure 8.6: Year-Wise Production of Cotton Khadi and Silk Khadi under the State Khadi and Village
Industries Board
Source: Compiled from Directorate of Handloom, Sericulture and Handicraft Department, GoJ
236
The figure 8.6 shows that in the year 2020-21, cotton state which was followed by silk khadi.
khadi dominated the sale of khadi products in the
Figure 8.7: Sale of different types of khadi in the year 2020-21
Source: Compiled from the Directorate of Handloom, Sericulture and Handicraft Department, GoJ
CSR activities in Jharkhand

The Companies Act, 2013 introduced Corporate for good impact. It also prioritises meaningful CSR
Social Responsibility as a mandatory provision to projects to make a lasting influence on people and the
be followed by corporates in order to fulfil their environment. The government expects that with this
responsibility towards the society as responsible new policy, corporates will also learn about the areas
stakeholders in socio-economic development of the of priority to focus on, whereas before, corporate
communities they work among. While the primary houses had trouble choosing long-term sustainable
actor in the governance of welfare is the state development initiatives.
government, the role of Corporates as drivers of
A CSR portal will improve transparency and
economic growth begets their role in contributing
information flow. JCSRC, the 2015-founded
towards the social welfare of the communities they
Jharkhand CSR Council, will oversee the CSR
function amongst.
portal. The CSR portal will list CSR-funded projects
In 2015, the State Government approved its first by sector, district, department, etc. Companies can
CSR policy with the purpose to develop its people, choose future projects from a shelf of projects. The
create an enabling environment and enhance CSR website will also provide CSR funding policy and
investments. The new Jharkhand CSR strategy aims operational standards, project proposal formats,
to attract CSR investments and best management corporate registration forms, MOUs and more.
practises to address state development issues. It will
The Government of Jharkhand, to this effect had
unite the state government, corporations, and civil
established the Jharkhand CSR Council, vide
society organisations and streamline their agendas
Notification No. 05/u.ni. (MoU)-23/2013/692 (dated:
and activities.
31st March, 2015). It is revised in 2020 as Jharkhand
This policy also promotes openness and avoids CSR Authority with some major changes. Some
duplication between similar central and state- points are still under corrections as per suggestions
sponsored programmes, optimising resource use by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
237
Industry
As per para1.5.1 of the “Guidelines on CSR and Companies Act 2013, it has now become mandatory
sustainability “issued by the Department of Public for the companies to invest in CSR activities. As per
Enterprises of the Government of India for CPSEs in section 135 of the Act (Annex- 2), every company
April 2013 (Annex- 3), CPSEs with profit after tax with net worth of 500 crore rupees or more, or
(PAT) of less than 100 crore rupees allocate 3-4 per turnover of 1000 crore rupees or more, or net profit
cent of PAT for CSR activities, 2-3 per cent of PAT for of 5 crore rupees or more during a financial year, is
CPSEs with PAT of Rs100-500 crore and 1-2 per cent expected to spend 2 per cent of the net profit on CSR
of PAT for CPSs with PAT of 500 crore rupees and activities.
above (Para 1.5.1 of the Guidelines). With the new
Committees related to JCSRA
• CSR Secretariat (headed by DirectorIndustries)

Step-1
• District CSR committee (Chaired by DeputyCommissioner)

Step-2
• Executive Committee (chaired by SecretaryIndustry)

• Governing Body (chaired by Hon'ble Chief Minister)
Step-3
Table 8.13 The composition of the Authority shall be as under:

Sl. No Name of Officials Authority
1. Hon’ble Chief Minister Chairperson
Chief Executive Officer
2. ACS/Principal Secretary/Secretary, Department of Industries
(ex officio)
ACS/Principal Secretary/Secretary, Department of Planning Cum
3. Member
Finance
ACS/Principal Secretary/Secretary, Department of School Education &
4. Member
Literacy Development
ACS/Principal Secretary/Secretary, Department of Health, Medical Ed-
5. Member
ucation & Family Welfare
ACS/Principal Secretary/Secretary, Department of Rural Development
6. Member
Department
ACS/Principal Secretary/Secretary,Department of Labour Employment
7. Member
and Training Department
8. Director, Industries Member Secretary
9. An Officer/Consultant from Department of Industries To be nominated
INVITEES
10. Chairman, CII, Jharkhand Chapter
11. Chairman, FICCI, Jharkhand Chapter
12. Chairman, ASSOCHAM, Jharkhand Chapter
238
CSR SECRETARIAT:
The CSR Council will have a secretariat to support nationally recognised sports, Paralympics and
the Executive Committee. The Secretariat will be Olympic sports;
headed by the Director, department of Industry.
8. Contribution to the PMs National Relief
1. Director, Industries Head Deputy Director Fund or any other fund set up by the Central
&Head, Government for socio-economic development
and relief and welfare of the Scheduled Castes,
2. CII, Jharkhand
Scheduled Tribes, other backward classes,
3. Consultants/Specialists on M&E, minorities and women;
4. Sectoral / specialists, etc. 9. Contributions or funds provided to technology
incubators located within academic institutions
Activities that have been identified under the CSR
which are approved by the central government;
are as follows (it is also listed in Schedule VII of
the Companies Act (as amended on February 27, 10. Promoting rural development projects.
2014). It has identified 10 broad areas for CSR
11. The following were the major contributions
programs mentioned below -
made by the industries of Jharkhand under the
1. Eradicating hunger, poverty and malnutrition; guidance of the JCSRA:
promoting preventive health care and sanitation
12. In order to combat the Covid-19 pandemic,
and also making safe drinking water available;
JCSRA helped facilitate Corporate Social
2. Promoting education, including special Responsibility funds and donations for the
education and employment enhancing procurement and distribution of essential
vocational skills especially among children, equipment viz. oxygen plants, oximeters,
women, elderly and the differently abled. beds, medical kits, sanitisers, surgical masks,
Promoting livelihood enhancement projects; ventilators, PPE kits, N95 masks, hot meals,
biscuit packets, sanitary pads and grocery
3. Promoting gender equality; empowering
kits. The medical equipment and medical
women; setting up homes and hostels for
consumables donated by the industries of
women and orphans; setting up old age homes,
Jharkhand to the district administrations of
day care centres and other such facilities for
state, Jharkhand State Disaster Management
senior citizens and creating awareness about
Authority and the Prime Minister’s National
measures for reducing inequalities faced
Relief Fund (PMNRF) is worth more than 50
by socially and the economically backward
crore rupees.
groups;
13. Scholarship project: The CCL scholarship
4. Ensuring environmental sustainability,
project encourages specially-abled and
ecological balance, protection of flora and fauna,
underprivileged students with promising
animal welfare, agroforestry, conservation of
academic records to finish school and pursue
natural resources and maintaining quality of
higher education. The support is prioritised for
soil, air and water;
the STs, the SCs, Tana Bhagats, single mothers
5. Protection of national heritage, art and culture or children in women-headed households.
including restoration of buildings and sites of
14. Creative methods of education: The Tata,
historical importance and works of art; setting
CCL and Adani Foundation promote the use
up public libraries; promotion and development
of methods such as story-telling, theatre and
of traditional arts and handicrafts;
activity-based learning to make the experience
6. Measures for the benefit of veterans from armed more enriching for students. The education
forces, war widows and their dependents; programme provides IT equipment and modern
educational material along with online training
7. Providing training to promote rural sports,
modules.
239
Industry
15. Special coaching classes: To provide free providing them equipment and utensils and
education to meritorious students coming from also training the front-line workers working
economically poor backgrounds, companies here. Mamta Ghars is a concept which
like the ACC, Adani and CCL have initiated facilitates access to women in need of help
and funded coaching classes in Khunti, Godda, through continuum care, including appropriate
Ramgarh and other districts of the state. The management of pregnancy, delivery, post-
school provides all facilities to recognise and partum care and access to life-saving obstetric
enable deserving students to reach a definite care when complications arise. These are
status in their chosen field and also facilitates crucial to a safe motherhood. Many PSUs and
the students’ progress in academics as well as other CSR partners have adopted malnutrition
co-curricular activities. treatment centres, funded kitchen gardens and
poshan vatikas in schools and Anganwadis and
16. Vocational Skills: To provide skill-based
also communities in order to curb malnutrition.
training in masonry, aggro mechanics, sewing
The hospitals and dispensaries are run by the
machines, electricals, fabrication, welding,
PSUs like CCL in their command areas. The
housekeeping training, retails and hospitality in
small private companies organise health
collaboration with the district administration,
camps and medicines in their command areas
programs have been initiated and funded
on a regular basis. The donations given for
by companies such as the Tata, Adani, ACC
an ambulance and other health equipments
Limited and others. Strong industry linkages
are a common way of CSR contributions by
ensure the placement of all the participants.
companies.
The PSUs like the CCl and private players
like the Adani have also adopted ITI colleges 18. Sports and culture: Sports and culture are
and managed their operations under the CSR an integral part of the people of Jharkhand.
initiatives. Companies like the Tata and the CCL have
funded and organised programmes like
17. Health and Malnutrition: The Anganwadis
the samvad, sports complexes and sports
play an important role in curbing malnutrition
scholarships for budding players as a result of
among infants and adolescents. As a result, lots
which the state has shown promising results in
of industries have invested their CSR fund in
preserving its tribal culture and has also won
upgrading Anganwadis through renovation,
numerous medals.
Jharkhand Industrial and Investment Promotion Policy 2021-22

After the COVID-19 disrupted supply networks and for its residents. Most government agencies and
lowered demand, the economic recovery had been departments use the Jharkhand Investment Promotion
stymied. Building, mining, tourism, automotive and Board, single-window clearance, online payments,
light/heavy engineering were among the state's most online verification, third party certifications,
important industries causing exports to plummet. self-certification, time-bound approvals, online
The revamped Jharkhand Industrial and Investment information, standard operating procedures for
Promotion Policy 2021-22 helps investors and approvals and deemed approvals.
revives the state's industrial and service sectors.
This policy was designed in conjunction with
To accelerate industrial development, the state business leaders, trade groups, investors, and field
government wants to create private, joint venture, experts to accommodate their preferences.
and PPP industrial parks with at least 50 acres and 15
This plan offers business a competitive and customised
industrial units. Under the Companies Act, SPVs for
investment package to foster industrialization and
single-industry industrial parks must have at least 10
boost the state's economy. This policy's incentives are
acres and 5 manufacturing facilities.
among the nation’s greatest to attract new enterprises.
Jharkhand is swiftly adopting investor-friendly
practises to attract investment and create jobs
240
Objectives of the Policy
To achieve the mission stated above, the following 5. Create a straightforward, proactive and
objectives have been set by the government of supportive institutional framework for rapid
Jharkhand: sector growth.
1. To attract investors and sustain industrial 6. Facilitate industry and service sector
growth in Jharkhand. employment through Industrial and Investment
Promotion Policy, MSME Act 2006 and other
2. To establish a web-based, transparent project
policy measures.
clearance, date of production declaration,
financial and non-financial aid and clearing 7. To improve value-added and quality-
method. competitiveness in traditional industries
such as mineral-based products, handicrafts,
3. To promote and urge industries with export
handlooms, agriculture, and processed food
potential to increase exports and to focus on
products by upgrading technology and skills.
export commodities made from 100 per cent
indigenous inputs as the MSME sector does. 8. To expand processing, minimise wastage,
promote value-addition, increase farmer
4. Establish OEM-MSME/ancillary industry
income, and boost exports to develop the food
links.
and feed processing sector.
Strategy:
The strategy for achieving growth seeks to promote • Institutionalisation of consultation mechanism
collaboration among regional value chains by with stakeholders and industrial associations.
encouraging innovative activity and sector-specific • Thrust to entrepreneurship and skill
interventions, such as: development programmes.
• Promotion of private investment and • Accelerating the development of infrastructure.
PPP mechanism for the development of
• Promotion of labour-intensive industries.
infrastructure - road, power, telecom, industrial
estate, industrial clusters and industrial • Focused approach for industrially under-
parks including rural industrialisation e.g., developed areas.
sericulture, khadi, handicraft, food processing, • Encouraging universities for start-ups and
handlooms, bamboo, leather and lac innovative product development by supporting
• Appropriate arrangements for ensuring timely technology up-gradation, research and
and adequate flow of credit to industries development.
especially the MSME sector. • Promotion of trade facilitation and
• Development of strong networking with e-governance.
Export Promotion Councils, ITPO, Sectoral • Conducive labour reforms and increased ‘Ease
Associations and MSME associations. of Doing Business’ in the state.
• Development of international trade service • Focused approach towards 'Make in India'
providers to boost international trade. programme.
• Strengthening of Single Window System for • Jharkhand Industrial Policy 2001: The
facilitating exporting industries. Industrial Policy aims to create employment
• Better land management and enhancing the opportunities in this sector with improved
chances of easy availability of developed plots productivity, thereby ensuring homogeneous
for new investors. and balanced development of all the
geographical regions of the State with special
• Special incentives for women and SC/ST
emphasis on the development of small, tiny
entrepreneurs to promote inclusivity.
and cottage industries.
• Institutionalisation of monitoring, evaluation
• Jharkhand Food Processing Policy 2015:
and grievance redressal mechanism.
This policy aims at creating a conducive
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Industry
environment for setting-up of food processing institutional mechanism for the rapid growth of
units, linking groups of producers to the exports. The policy also aims to strengthen the
processors and markets through a well- export infrastructure in the state.
equipped supply chain and increasing the
• Jharkhand Industrial and Investment
level of processing, reduction of wastage and
Promotion Policy 2016: The policy intends
value addition, thus enhancing the income and
to promote employment generation in the
increase of exports thereby resulting in the
industrial and service sector by providing
overall development of the food processing
facilitation under the industrial and investment
sector.
promotion Policy. Its objective is to establish
• Jharkhand Export Policy 2015: It provides linkages between large industries the MSMEs
a simple, proactive, responsive and supportive and the ancillary industries.
Table 8.14: Incentive disbursed under different Sector-Wise Policy/Industrial Policies for Industrial
Development of the State in the Years 2020-21 and 2022-22
Year Policy Disbursed amount No. of industries
(Rs. in crores) covered
Jharkhand Industrial Policy 2001 600.469 06
Jharkhand Food Processing Industry Policy 2015 2606.51821 19
Jharkhand Feed Processing Industry Policy 2015 150.00 03
2020-21 Jharkhand Export Policy 2015 43.89 04
Jharkhand Industrial Investment Promotion Policy2016 4475.1517 25
Jharkhand Textile, Apparel, and Footwear Policy 2016 318.20548 13
Total-1 8,691.85848 88
Jharkhand Food Processing Industry Policy 2015 1763.86876 17
2021-22 Jharkhand Feed Processing Industry Policy 2015 182.78175 05
Jharkhand Export Policy 2015 48.275 07
Jharkhand Industrial Investment Promotion Policy-2016 9317.492 38
Jharkhand Textile, Apparel and Footwear Policy 2016 3538.01864 07
Total-2 14,949.67091 86
242
Box: 8.2
Jharkhand Industrial Area Development Authority (JIADA)
The 10th meeting of the Board of Directors of the Jharkhand Industrial Area Development Authority
(JIADA) was held on March 28, 2022. Chief Minister Hemant Soren was in charge of the meeting.
In the case of the transfer of leasehold rights of a portion of land under the Jharkhand Industrial Area
Development Authority Regulation-2016, 100 per cent of the land value set for the current year was
approved at the meeting. In it, 24 different ideas were discussed. The authority's budget for the fiscal
year 2022–2023 was approved.
At the village of Gopalganj in the Nirsa zone of the Dhanbad district, 34.07 acres of land were given to
JIADA. This land was set aside for the establishment of leather park/footwear park industries, but now
it has been decided that can be used by the general category industries.
The rest of the land set aside for food processing, hatcheries, eggs and meat processing in the Sosai
industrial area under JIADA was permitted to be taken out of reserve. During the meeting, many other
important ideas were discussed out of which many of them were also approved for implementation. At
the same time, the Chief Minister had also launched the website of the JIADA Bokaro Zone.
Progress of Jharkhand Industrial Park Policy 2016 –

One Proposal is Under Consideration i.e. M/s CLB Food Park, at Chandil West Singhbhum.
Table 8.15 Progress of Jharkhand Feed Processing Industry Policy 2015

(Policy Period– 03.09.2015 to 31-03-2022)
No. Of Units Investment in Lakh Subsidy in Lakh Employment

(Rupees) (Rupees)
16 8896.39 823.76 672
Table 8.16 Progress of Jharkhand Food Processing Industry Policy 2015

(Policy Period – 03.09.2015 to 31-03-2022)
Investment in Lakh Subsidy in Lakh

No. Of Units Employment
(Rupees) (Rupees)
85 63751.14 8738.99 4444
Progress of investments in the food sector: -

There had been an investment of 49707.61 Lakhs to 63751.14 Lakhs rupees in 2022.
rupees in the food sector in 2021 which has increased
Status update of the Mega Food Park:

The Mega Food Park's scheme intends to provide a possibilities, especially in the rural sector. The
system to link agricultural output to the market by industrial plots in the park come with a previously
bringing together farmers, processors and retailers existing supply chain, and the Mega Food Park
to maximise value addition, minimize waste, scheme which is based on a "Cluster" approach,
increase farmers' income and provide employment plans to build cutting-edge support infrastructure
243
Industry
in a clearly defined Agri and horticultural zone to state Government, state Government entities and
accommodate the installation of cutting-edge food cooperatives are not required to form a separate SPV
processing facilities there. Typically, a mega food for implementation of the Mega Food Park project.
park will have roughly 25-30 fully constructed plots
If a financial institution auction the properties of
for entrepreneurs to set up food processing facilities,
Jharkhand Mega Food Park Pvt. Ltd., the new
in addition to collection centres, primary processing
purchaser has to pay (15 per cent for MSME and 25
centres, central processing centres, cold chain and
per cent for other industry) the prevalent land price
other supply chain infrastructure.
for Gatelsud Industrial Area for the financial year
The Mega Food Park project is implemented by 2019-20 and also has to pay the total outstanding
a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) which is a body dues of the Jharkhand Mega Food Park Pvt. Ltd.
corporate registered under the Companies Act.
Progress of Jharkhand Export Policy 2015

During this policy period, 146.435 Lakh rupees Export Policy 2015.
has been disbursed as transport subsidy under the
Box: 8.3
Development in Make in Jharkhand initiative
The Units which have been installed in Jharkhand as MSME are availing Government procurement
benefit under the Jharkhand Procurement Policy 2014. A new policy 'MAKE IN JHARKHAND'
(Purchase Preference) Policy 2022 is being formulated. In the mean time three new Industrial Policies,
viz. (1) Jharkhand Electric Vehicle Policy-2022 (2) Jharkhand Ethanol Production Promotion Policy-
2022 & (3) Jharkhand Industrial Park & Logistics Policy-2022 has been launched to promote 'MAKE-
IN-JHARKHAND' initiative.
Table 8.20 shows the types of industries that had investment of 9943.35 Lakhs rupees, out of which 12
approved proposals and the commissioned projects projects with an investment of 8209.48 Lakhs rupees
on those approved. As can be seen from the table have been commissioned. In the automobile sector
20, proposals had been approved in the food sector, 8 projects were approved and a total of 11 projects
out of which 8 are commissioned projects. In iron have been commissioned.
and steel, the approved proposals were 28 with an
Table 8.17: Industry-Wise approved Proposals and Commissioned Projects

[2021-22 and 2022-23 (Up to August, 2022)]
Industry Type Approved Proposals (Amt. Commissioned Projects (Amt.
In Lakh) In Lakh)
No. Investment No. Investment
Food Sector 20 10951.35 08 4847.55
Steel Sector/Iron 28 9943.35 12 8209.48
Plastic Sector 02 1050.00 05 702.00
Paper sector 03 2878.67 01 45.00
Textile Sector 01 4500.00 02 87.00
Engineering & Metal based -- -- 02 370.00
Chemical & allied 04 178.36 05 382.00
Glass & Ceramic -- -- 01 1100.00
Cement Industries 02 158.76 - -
244
Industry Type Approved Proposals (Amt. Commissioned Projects (Amt.

In Lakh) In Lakh)
No. Investment No. Investment
Fly Ash Bricks 01 51.29 - -
Nursing College & Hospital/ Trust 03 10002.88 - -
Service Industry (Hotel) 02 540.21 - -
Fabrication 11 3298.26 07 1073.06
Sponge Iron 02 5077.62 01 1891.74
E-Waste Recycling 01 40.48 - -
Coal Processing (Washing) 01 389.13 - -
Electronic Item Manufacturing 05 6025.11 01 400.00
PVC Item 06 2280.80 - -
Automobile body/Servicing 08 4012.30 11 2020.67
Engine oil and Grease (Recondition) 03 214.69 01 73.91
Ware House 08 853.23 - -
Fertilizer 02 37012.00 - -
Miscellaneous Manufacturing -- -- 19 2039.00
Others -- -- 04 325.00
Box: 8.4
India Innovation Index, 2021
On July 21, 2022 NITI Aayog’s Vice Chairman Suman Beri released a list of 17 major states in which
Jharkhand stood at number 10 on the list. In Niti Aayog’s 3rd India Innovation Index, states and union
territories were grouped into 17 "major" states, 10 "north-eastern and hilly" states, and 9 "union territories
and city-states" so that their performance could be compared more easily.
The report says that Jharkhand has the potential to move up in the rankings for innovation because it is
an important industrial state. The India Innovation Index, which was made by the NITI Aayog and the
Institute of Competitiveness, is a way to evaluate and improve the country's ecosystem for innovation.
This puts the states and union territories in order of how well they do at coming up with new ideas. This
lets them compete with each other in a healthy way.
Mining
Jharkhand has an abundance of mineral resources, coal, mica, kyanite and copper. Jharkhand is India's
including coal (27.3 per cent of India's reserves), iron leading tasar silk producer (non-mulberry silk).
ore (26 per cent of India's reserves), copper ore (18.5
As table 8.21 suggests, coal is the most abundant
per cent of India's reserves), uranium, mica, bauxite,
mineral which has the maximum production in
granite, limestone, silver, graphite, magnetite and
Jharkhand close to 126587174.9 MT, followed by
dolomite. Jharkhand's enormous mineral resources
iron ore and bauxite. The total production of major
make mining, metals, and allied sectors particularly
minerals for the year 2022-23 stands at 138156275.4
desirable for investment because it has over 40 per
MT which has been displayed in the table below.
cent of the country's mineral treasures. Jharkhand is
the sole producer of coking coal, uranium and pyrite
in India. In addition, the state is a major producer of
245
Industry
Table 8.18: Production report of Major minerals (in Million Tonnes)
Mineral Name 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Coal 290023610.4 157118446.9 126587174.9
Iron ore 25362392.13 25510912.92 10466998.26
Bauxite 1370298 1726877.21 1061193.19
Graphite 5962.415 54 3341
Kyanite 0 2784.9 2071
Limestone 0 5498.77 959.13
Total 316804034.9 184390410 138156275.4
Source: The Department of Mines and Geology, GoJ
As table 8.18 suggests, stone followed by sand and stone were produced. The total production of minor
morom are the most produced minor mineral in minerals for the year 2022-23 stands at 327215226.5
Jharkhand. In the year 2022-23, 323411516.7 MT of MT which has been displayed in table 8.18.
Table 8.19: Production Report of Minor Mineral (in Tonnes)

Mineral Name 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Stone 652136760.8 686808002.1 323411516.7
Sand 63869826 29136906.96 2961450
Morom 150450 468000 525000
Quartzite 271307.255 345555.45 108592.804
Gravel 161150 204600 63900
Pot stone 89130 45830 59630
Chinaclay 98809.91 214935.59 55500
Sandstone 98919 86580 26725
Quartz 9796 37282 2651
Feldspar 1041 365 261
Granite 925.758 650.5 0
Marble 121700 187100 0
Red ocher 0 1410 0
Total 717009815.8 717537217.6 327215226.5
In absolute terms, the total production of minerals The total revenue collection from the production of
from the major mines was 316804034.9 MT in 2020- minerals stood at 4413.78 crore rupees in the year
21; which decreased to 184390410 MT in 2021-22 2020-21. This further increased to 6909.34 crore
and then further to 138156275.4 MT in 2022-23. rupees in 2021-22 before declining to 4486.26 crore
Similarly, the total production of minerals from the rupees in 2022-23. Table 8.23 provides the year-wise
minor mines was 717009815.8 CFT in 2020-21. It break-up of the production and revenue generated
increased to 717537217.6 CFT in 2021-22 and then from the type of mines from 2020-21 to 2022-23.
it further decreased to 327215226.5 CFT in 2022-23.
246
Table 8.20: Production and Royalty Collection from Minerals
Financial Production Royalty Collection (In Rs. Crore)

Year Major (In MT) Minor (In Cft.) Major Minor Total
2020-21 316804034.9 717009815.8 4056.7 357.08 4413.78
2021-22 184390410 717537217.6 6534.02 375.32 6909.34
2022-23 138156275.4 327215226.5 4218.87 267.4 4486.26
Total 639350720.3 1761762260 14809.59 999.8 15809.38
Table 8.20 gives the district-wise details of the collection showed a similar trend with both these
royalty collected in the last three years. The highest districts being the highest contributors of the royalty
royalty collected is from Chaibasa (Rs 1865.96 collection in the state. The districts of Simdega and
crores) followed by Dhanbad (Rs 871.18 crores) for Plamu contribute the least in terms of royalty in the
the financial year 2022-23. In 2021-22, the royalty state.
Table 8.21: District-wise Royalty Collection (Rs. in Crores)

District 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Bokaro 348.86 487.14 252.47
Chaibasa 1006.14 2708.75 1865.96
Chatra 506.7 542.03 374
Deogarh 38.74 57.42 36.17
Dhanbad 1002.66 1373.73 871.18
Dumka 15.86 15.08 11.65
Garhwa 2.69 4.9 4.21
Giridih 14.4 19.22 5.64
Godda 242.86 100.25 56.63
Gumla 29.76 40.17 30.87
Hazaribagh 239.99 316.79 192.55
Jamshedpur 65.69 47.6 18.82
Khunti 3.95 3.76 3.86
Koderma 4.5 7.63 5.31
Latehar 113.83 217.89 109.14
Lohardaga 10.83 22 17.12
Pakur 172.79 278.78 182.87
Palamu 46.68 72.32 41.21
Ramgarh 369.22 414.78 277.18
Ranchi 67.94 68.87 38.02
Sahebganj 93.11 95.11 88.24
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Industry
District 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

Simdega 1.58 0.52 0.67
Jamtara 3.28 3.77 2.54
Saraikelakharsawan 11.73 10.84 5.91
Total 4413.79 6909.35 4492.22
Table 8.21 gives the district-wise details of the (1149 permits), Bokaro (794 permits), and Deoghar
permits issued in each district. Dhanbad has the (771 permits) follow the top two districts in this. The
highest number of issued permits i.e., 1863 permits total permits issued in Jharkhand in 2022-23 stands
followed by Chatra i.e. 1648 permits. Sahebganj at 11409 permits.
Table 8.22: No. of Permits issued District-Wise

District 2022-23 2021-22 2020-21
Bokaro 794 910 655
Chaibasa 536 1088 1318
Chatra 1648 3079 3546
Deogarh 771 1557 751
Dhanbad 1863 3621 2233
Dumka 254 309 343
Garhwa 36 69 53
Giridih 181 416 330
Godda 99 263 138
Gumla 159 320 357
Hazaribagh 554 760 946
Jamshedpur 66 331 318
Jamtara 78 138 179
Khunti 121 151 167
Koderma 148 206 137
Latehar 618 1117 1285
Lohardaga 52 93 96
Pakur 763 1234 1505
Palamu 387 622 640
Ramgarh 591 1010 2785
Ranchi 395 631 949
Sahebganj 1149 1609 1503
Saraikela-Kharsawan 125 211 254
Simdega 21 56 78
Total 11409 19801 20566
248
A total of 11409 permits were issued out of which and Bokaro (252.47 crores) were the top five districts
121 permits were for major mines and 589 for minor in terms of royalty collection. Table 8.22 below
mines. Chaibasa (1865.96 crores), Dhanbad (871.18 represents the same.
crores), Chatra (374 crores), Plamu (277.18 crores)
Table 8.23:District-Wise Online Status of Major and Minor Mines in the State in 2022-23
Dealing No. of Royalty
Dealing With
District With Minor Permits Collection (Figure
Major Mineral
Mineral Issued Rs. in Crore)
Bokaro 12 11 794 252.47
Chaibasa 7 9 536 1865.96
Chatra 4 16 1648 374
Deogarh 1 18 771 36.17
Dhanbad 47 27 1863 871.18
Dumka 0 36 254 11.65
Garhwa 0 9 36 4.21
Giridih 0 44 181 5.64
Godda 1 6 99 56.63
Gumla 11 25 159 30.87
Hazaribagh 7 12 554 192.55
Jamshedpur 3 17 66 18.82
Jamtara 0 13 78 3.86
Khunti 0 16 121 5.31
Koderma 0 23 148 109.14
Latehar 4 5 618 17.12
Lohardaga 5 5 52 182.87
Pakur 1 74 763 41.21
Palamu 3 52 387 277.18
Ramgarh 10 5 591 38.02
Ranchi 5 28 395 88.24
Sahebganj 0 103 1149 0.67
Saraikelakharsawan 0 26 125 2.54
Simdega 0 9 21 5.91
Total 121 589 11409 4492.22
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Industry
CONCLUSION
Jharkhand has fared pretty well in the industrial processing businesses for consumer durables and
sector as a result of a pro-industrial strategy and an engineering items. The handloom industry has a
environment that is welcoming to investors. The significant potential to reduce gender and regional
state has virtually covered almost all the sub-sectors. disparities in employment creation. The resources
Sericulture and MSME sectors have seen significant are not currently being used to their full potential.
success in Jharkhand and the state is diversifying its In the long run, a well-crafted strategy targeting
industrial portfolio into other industries as it should. areas like capacity building, education, training, skill
It is heartening to see that the traditional reliance upgrading and industrial institutional interaction can
on mining and quarrying activities has diminished turn the tide and enhance prosperity for the people
and transferred to other sub-sectors, particularly the and the state. For the optimum development of sector-
manufacturing sector, which is more sustainable and specific skills, the training module should be built in
employment-producing. One area that may need close collaboration with other stakeholders who work
greater emphasis is the development of downstream in the designing and implementation stages.
250
Chapter 9
Infrastructure and Communication
251
Infrastructure is needed to ameliorate the effects growth of a nation. Due to the wave of digitization
of digital divide, energy poverty and injustice, in Jharkhand where alarge population lives in the
climate change,inefficiencies and unreliability in remote and Left Wing Extremism (LWE) effected
the supply chain. The three pillars of Infrastructure areas,people are now gravitating to uncover the
and Communication i.e., Energy,Information and national and international opportunities available.
Technology and Transportation works conjointly to Energy sector in Jharkhand is also becoming a
attain justice, equality, development and security in vanguard of the economic development of the state.
the state by combating the hurdles emerging due to Jharkhand being blessed with non-renewable and
swift social, political and economic transition in the renewable energy sources, has a scope to lead as an
world. Infrastructure stabilizes the economy and brace energy secured and sustainable state. To reach the
the welfare policies for every segment of the state. remotest areas to render the infrastructural services,
Established outlook says that poor infrastructure and the third pillar of infrastructure and communication
communication adversely affects the accessibility and plays a crucial role.
affordability of the requisites for the socio-economic
Introduction
Infrastructure is the cornerstone of a country’s rapid transition in the society in order to support the
economy. It includes communication, information economy without compromising on the pristinity of
and technology, energy and transport which helps the environment has led to an urge for sustainable
in providing other essential services associated with infrastructure. The chapter is divided into three
the growth of a state. Earlier, not much attention sections viz.1. Energy 2. IT Based Communication
was given to the sustainability of infrastructure but Infrastructure 3. Transportation
IT Based Communication Infrastructure

The digitization of the infrastructure in the government to check the red tapism and obstacles
government offices, institutions and other places associated with the implementation of government
is an evolutionary step by the central and the state policies and schemes for the welfare of a state.
National E-Governance Plan

It is an initiative under the Ministry of Electronics and 2. State Wide Area Network
Information Technology for the integrated view of E- 3. Common Service Centres
Governance and also for providing services available to
the citizens of India through electronic platforms. This State Data Centre: It has been identified as one of the most
initiative aims to reach the remotest area of the country and important elements of the core infrastructure for supporting
make the service accessible to all in an efficient manner. E- Governance initiatives by National E- Governance
It was approved by the government in 2006. In order to Plan. Under this scheme data centres are established in
promote the E- Governance in a comprehensive manner, all the states/UTs to consolidate services, applications
three major core infrastructure components have been and infrastructure in order to provide efficient electronic
developed which are as follows:- government to government, government to citizen and
1. State Data Centre government to business services.
Table 9.1: Jharkhand Specific Information

SI.
Role
No.
1. State implementing Agency/ Nodal Jharkhand Agency for Promotional Information
Government Agency Technology (JAPIT), Jharkhand
2. State Consultant PWD
3. Data Centre Operator Sify
4. Third Party Auditor -
253
State Wide Area Network (SWAN): The transport, jail court video conferencing etc are running.
government had approved the scheme for establishing After a success of JharNet 1.0, the government of
SWAN across the country in March 2005. Under this Jharkhand has decided to revamp the existing network
scheme, technical and financial assistance are being and setup the JharNet2.0 Network offering reliable
provided to the State/UTs for establishing SWANs to and robust services at all levels across the state. The
connect all State/UTs headquarters up to the Block JharNet 2.0 infrastructure is envisaged to be set up
level via district/subdivisional headquarters in a on MPLS and uptime of the network. It connects the
vertical hierarchical structure. state headquarter with the headquarters of all the 24
districts, 38 subdivisional headquarters, 240 block
In Jharkhand, SWAN established as JharNet
headquarters and its different horizontal offices. In
communication network or Jharkhand State
2021, approximately 5300 data and 2800 voice users
Information and Communication Network. It is built
were there in JharNet2.0 which has jacked up to 5355
exclusively for the use of the government of Jharkhand
data and 2816 voice users in 2022.
and its various departments. It is a communication
network built to carry Multi services i.e., Data, Voice M/S L&T has been selected as the system integrator
and Video. It was setup during 2005-2006 and got for JharNet 2.0. The services of JharNet 2.0 have been
commissioned with effect from August 1, 2009. Its started with effect from May 1, 2021. The operation
five-year operation and maintenance got completed by and maintenance of the network is for the next five
July 31, 2014 and itcontinued till April 2021. years from the date of starting of the service and the
BSNL is the primary MPLS bandwidth provider for
JharNet 2.0: Asa backbone to the JharNet many
JharNet 2.0.
applications like treasury, registrations, office,
Table 9.2: Bandwidth at Hierarchical Levels

Sl. No. Level Bandwidth (Mbps)
1. State Headquarters 100
2. District Headquarters 8
3. Sub Divisional Headquarters 4
4. Block 2
Source: IT Department, GOJ
The above-mentioned bandwidth at given levels payments such as electricity, telephone and water
is both from primary and secondary connectivity bills. In addition to the universe of G2C services, the
provider. CSC guidelines envisage a wide variety of content
and services that could be offered as listed below:
Common Service Centres: It is a strategic
cornerstone of the National E-Governance Plan, 1. Agriculture services
approved by the government in May 2006 as a part of
2. Education and Training
its commitment in the National Common Minimum
Programme to introduce E-governance on a massive 3. Health Services
scale. The CSCs would provide high quality and cost-
4. Rural Banking and Insurance Services
effective video, voice and data content and service
in the areas of E-governance, education, health, 5. Entertainment Services
tele-medicine, entertainment as well as other private
6. Utility Services
services.
7. Commercial Services
A highlight of the CSCs is that it will offer web
enabled E-governance services in rural areas
including application forms, certificates and utility
254
CSC Projects in Jharkhand
1. Number of CSCs: In 2022, there are 35161 with a 100% GP coverage.
registered CSCs and 20241 Functional CSCs
Table 9.3: Number of CSCs in Jharkhand
Sl. No. Status 2021 2022
1. Registered CSCs 25689 35161
2. Functional CSCs with a 100% GP 18676 20241

Coverage
2. Physical Verification: In 2022, 19769 CSCs are workers etc. In 2021, Jharkhand has set a target
physically verified by the District Manager. It of 1.08 crore registered unorganised workers
was 14068 CSCs in 2021 which were verified through the CSCs of which CSCs of Jharkhand
through the Mobile Application. has done 90 Lakhs successful registration
marking anachievement of 83 percent of the
3. E-Shram: The Ministry of Labour and
set target.
Employment has developed E-Shram portal for
creating a National Database of unorganised 4. PM Kisan: The PM Kisan Scheme is a central
workers which will be seeded with Aadhar. sector scheme with 100 percent funding
It will have details of the workers for the from the government of India which became
optimum realisation of their employability and operational from December 1, 2018. Under
improve the implementation efficiency of the this scheme an income support of ₹6000/- per
social security services for the unorganised year in three instalments will be provided to
workers. all the land holding farmer families. The CSCs
are responsible for carrying out E-KYC of
It is the first ever national database of
the farmer. It has successfully done 6,75,552
unorganised workers including migrant
E-KYC in Jharkhand.
workers, construction, gig and platform
Table 9.4: Payment Success under PM Kisan in Jharkhand for 2022-2023
Sl. Period Farmers Fund Fund Transferred

No. Registered Transferred Rate
1. April to July 3101588 3585156 100%
2. August to November 3101588 1301551 42%
Source: PM Kisan Samman Nidhi, Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India
1. PM GDISHA: PM Gramin Digital Saksharta The aim of this scheme is to bridge the digital
Abhiyan is a scheme to empower the citizens divide. The eligible households can nominate
in rural areas by making them digitally literate one person from their family. The selected
through training them to operate digital person can get themselves enrolled under PM
devices, helping them learn send and receive GDISHA programme in a nearest training
emails, browse internet, access government centre/CSCs. Jharkhand has set a target of
services, search for information and undertake attaining 10 Lakhs students certified under the
digital payments etc. Hence, it enables them to get PMGDISHA.
to actively participate in the process of nation
building.
255
Table 9.5: Status of PMGDISHA in Jharkhand
Sl. No. Number of Citizen (Lacs)

Year 2021 2022
1. Registration Completed 20.08 24.04
2. Successfully Certified 11.84 14.28
% of Certification against set target (18
3. 65.45 79.30
Lacs)
2. JharSeva: All E-Districts in Jharkhand fall the district level to enable seamless service
under JharSeva. The E-District Project was delivery to the citizen by computerisation
conceptualised to improve the government through CSCs.The E-District MMP (Mission
to consumer interaction and enhance the Mode Project) covers all the 24 districts of
efficiencies of the various departments at Jharkhand.
Table 9.6: Status of JharSeva
Sl. No. Year 2021-2022 2022-2023

1. No. of CSCs providing Services 6415 7329
No. of citizen applied for certificates
2. 14.86 10.89
through CSCs (Lacs)
3. Digi Pay Service: The Digital India Programme has been accorded the highest priority by the
is a flagship programme of the government of government of India to extend digital payment
India with a vision to transform India into a service to every segment of the society. The
digitally empowered society and knowledge Digi Pay Service is a Aadhar Enabled Payment
economy. The promotion of digital payments System (AEPS) through CSCs.
Table 9.7: Status of Digi Pay Service in Jharkhand
Sl. No. Year 2021-2022 2022-2023

1. VLEs registered for Digi Pay Service 16593 13453
2. Functional VLEs 13984 10960
Transactions done through CSCs
3. 22 30.54
(Lacs)
4. Banking Services: In 2022, there are 1085 public In Jharkhand, broadband connectivity in1602
banks and 3586 private banks functioning in Gram Panchayats were restored and 2325 hotspots
Jharkhand. were installed out of 2405 Gram Panchayats. Four
thousand nine hundred Sixty-Eight (4968) Fibre to
5. Bharat Net: Bharat Net is a government of India
Home (FTTH) connections started in Jharkhand of
project aimed at providing broadband connectivity
which 3770 connections are government FTTH and
to gram panchayats.
1198 are private FTTH.
256
6. Insurance Service: The CSCs are also a been encouraged through various initiatives
platform for all types of insurance products. by the government. Under CSCs, insurance
It is the largest channel for crop insurance in service is provided to VLE. It provides financial
India to enable financial security to the citizen security to them and encourage the rise of more
of the country. To promote the rural economy, VLEs which in turn contribute to India’s rural
Village Level Entrepreneurship (VLE) has economy.
Table 9.8: Status of Insurance Service under CSCs Project in Jharkhand
Sl. No. Year 2021 2022

1. Total no. of VLEs registered for 8823 10105
Insurance Scheme
2. No. of VLE out of total VLEs 7876 8112
registered for Insurance Scheme
who cleared the exam for insurance
7. Digi Gaon: Digi Gaon aims to make the root of There is a total of 844 Digi Gaon in Jharkhand
Indian society i.e., villages: digitally connected sponsored by the Ministry of Electronics and
and every rural citizen digital literate. In order Information Technology (MEITY)and the HDFC.
to give thrust to digital infrastructure which MEITY has sponsored 26 of them while 83 Digi
can be of use to every rural citizen, governance Gaon have been sponsored by the HDFC in Phase 1
and the giving of services on demand and also and 129 in Phase 2.
for digital empowerment of every rural citizen
The forthcoming HDFC Digital Districts are Giridih
of India, CSC initiated a project called the Digi
and Bokaro with 352 and 254 Digi Gaon, respectively.
Gaon.
National Optical Fibre Network (NOFN)

It is a pioneering initiative to begin a broadband Special Purpose Vehicle – Bharat Broadband Network
revolution in the rural areas. Since its initiation in Limited (BBNL) was created as a public Sector
2011, it is to become an information super highway Undertaking (PSU) for the execution of the project.
through the creation of a robust middle mile It is being implemented in the state in aphase wise
infrastructure for reaching broadband connectivity manner. BharatNet Phase-II is being implemented
to Gram Panchayats. It aims to connect all the by Jharkhand Communication Network Limited
2,50,000 gram panchayats in the country and provide (JCNL), a SPV formed under the state government.
a connectivity100 Mbps to Gram Panchyats across Government of India and the state government has
India. The project includes accessing the internet, aimed to provide internet connectivity to various
using existing optical fibre, and extending it to the government institutions at each GPs (e.g., School,
Gram Panchayats. The project was intended to enable Public Health Centre, Aanganbadi Centre, Police
the government of India and that of Jharkhand to Station, Post Office etc.). The present status of Bharat
provide E-services and E-applications nationally. A Net project in phase-I &II is mentioned below.
257
Table 9.9: Status of BharatNet Phase-I
Item No. of No. of No. of OFC laying No. of Total Total
No. Districts Blocks GPs completed in GPs Lit. Govt. Pvt.
GPs FTTH FTTH
Phase-I 13 142 2707 2715 2549 3786 1242
Work 13 142 2699
Started
Source: BBNL, Ranchi as on 23.09.2022
In 2021, the laying of 1599 OFC was completed in Also, the number of tested internet connections has
Gram Panchayats of Jharkhand which has increased risen from 578 in 2021 to 1789 in 2022.
its reach up 1789 in 2022 for Bharat Net Phase II.
Table 9.10: Status of BharatNet Phase II

OFC laying No. of Internet
No. of No. of No. of No. of
Item No. completed in connection
Districts Blocks GPs GPs Lit.
GPs tested
Phase-II 11 117 1789 1789 1789 1789
Work
11 117 1789
Started
Source: JCNL, Ranchi as on 23.09.2022
Wifi Hotspot
The deployment of Wifi gains crucial importance which aims to connect every segment of the
with the initiative of Smart City and Digital India country.
Table 9.11: City Wi-Fi HOTSPOT Installation Details
Sl. No. Name of district No. of Hotspots

1. Ranchi 10
2. Dhanbad 8
3. Bokaro 6
4. Deoghar 4
5. Dumka 6
6. Hazaribagh 6
7. Jamshedpur 8
8. Palamu 6
TOTAL 54
Wi-Fi Hotspot in the Left-Wing Extremist (LWE) affected Areas:

The Ministry of Home Affairs, government of India has authorized the BSNL to erect a total of 782
258
sites in the LWE affected areas across the state. At Fi Hotspots. All the Hotspots are benefitting the local
present, all the mobile towers are functional. The rural residents infar-flung areas thereby achieving the
state government has developed all the 782 sites as set objectives of Digital India and Cashless Jharkhand
High Speed Internet Hubs by the installation of Wi- Campaigns.
Table 9.12: LWE Wi-Fi HOTSPOT Installation Details

Sl. No. District Name Nos. of LWE Hotspot
1. Bokaro 23
2. Chatra 30
3. Deoghar 19
4. Dhanbad 7
5. Dumka 26
6. East Singhbhum 20
7. Garhwa 4
8. Giridih 8
9. Godda 31
10. Gumla 50
11. Hazaribagh 16
12. Jamtara 3
13. Khunti 73
14. Koderma 6
15. Latehar 58
16. Loherdaga 43
17. Pakur 2
18. Palamu 68
19. Ramgarh 11
20. Ranchi 70
21. Sahebganj 37
22. Saraikela 39
23. Simdega 27
24. West Singhbhum 111
Grand Total 782
Electronic Manufacturing Cluster Scheme

To make India a global player in the field of Electronic Manufacturing Cluster (EMC) scheme was
electronics manufacturing and to offset disabilities notified on October 22, 2012. The aim was to provide
faced by industries for reliable infrastructure, the support for creation of world class infrastructure for
259
attracting investments in electronics system design under EMC. It is an underdeveloped/ undeveloped
and manufacturing sector. geographical area. Establishment of Greenfield
EMCs intends to attract large investments from
A Greenfield EMC is initiated to create a basic
electronics manufacturing units to generate huge
development infrastructure along with common
employment opportunities and provide tax revenue to
facilities and amenities for domestic as well as
the government. In Jharkhand, Adityapur in Saraikela
global electronics manufacturing units to set up
Kharsawan district is the area allotted for setting up a
their manufacturing operation as a sub project
Greenfield EMC.
Energy
Energy is the mainstay and inextricable part of the Energy efficiency, conservation and transition from
economy of a state. It is an important aspect for conventional to non- conventional energy sources are
the development process supporting all the sectors the requisite in the present situation. This section of
of the economy. Presently, to meet the global goal the chapter will discuss the status of energy sector in
of attaining net zero carbon emission,sustainability Jharkhand.
initiatives are taken at different levels of governance.
State Energy Efficiency Index 2020

The State Energy Efficiency Index 2020 has been quantitative, and outcome-based indicators, across
jointly developed by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency six sectors, viz. Buildings, Industry, Municipalities,
(BEE) and the Alliance for an Energy Efficient Transport, Agriculture & DISCOMs and Cross
Economy (AEEE). The State Energy Efficiency Sector. The maximum score for the State Energy
Index 2020 assesses the performance of the 36 states Efficiency Index 2020 is 100.
and UTs in energy efficiency using 68 qualitative,
Jharkhand scored 17 out of 100 in SEEI 2020.

• Jharkhand is a state with an experience of longer in terms of clean energy initiatives, energy
period of power outages i.e. an interrupted efficiency, environmental sustainability, and
supply of electricity. new initiatives such as energy storage for
power and transport sector.
• Jharkhand has greater scope for improvement
Table 9.13: SECI (State Energy and Climate Index) Round I scorecard for Jharkhand
Sl. No. Category Score (out of 100)
1. DISCOM’s Performance 58.3
2. Access, affordability & reliability 46.5
3. Clean Energy Initiatives 2.9
4. Energy Efficiency 17.2
5. Environment Sustainability 19
6. New Initiatives 9.3
7. SECI Score 35.2
Source: State Energy &Climate Index Round -1, NITI Aayog (April 2022)
• Among the larger states, Jharkhand’s ranking. It stands amongst the bottom three
performance abysmal in terms of SECI. Its states in this respect.
category rank is 18 and it is 26th in overall
260
Table 9.14: Parameter Wise and Indicator Wise Score of Jharkhand
Sl. No. Indicator Name Scores
1. DISCOM’s Performance (58.3)
1.1. Debt Equity Ratio 45.3
1.2. AT& C Losses 41.5
1.3. T&D Losses 67.8
1.4. ACS-ARR gap 84.7
1.5. Implementation of ToD/ ToU tariff for Consumers 0.0
1.6. States Implemented DBT Transfer 0.0
1.7. Open Access Surcharge 59.1
1.8. Regulatory Assets 100
1.9. Complexity of Tariff 95.7
2. Access, affordability & reliability (46.5)
2.1. Per capita energy consumption 6.3
2.2. Hours of Electricity Supplied (Industry) 100
2.3. Hours of Electricity Supplied (Agriculture) 77.8
2.4. Cross Subsidization 68.0
2.5. Life line electricity and tariff 22.0
3. Clean Energy Initiative (2.9)
3.1. Clean Cooking Fuel Supply 5.5
3.2. Renewable Energy Penetration 0.0
3.3. CNG Vehicle Penetration 33.7
4. Energy Efficiency (17.2)
4.1. Energy Intensity of GSDP 31.7
4.2. Energy savings in Commercial & Public Buildings 0.0
4.3. Industrial energy Savings 20.0
5. Environmental Sustainability (19.0)
5.1. Emission Intensity of GSDP 41.7
5.2. Utilization of RE potential 0.03
5.3. Percentage change in forest cover wrt 2005 9.9
5.4. Forest carbon stock 11.2
6. New Initiatives (9.3)
6.1. EV penetration 11.9
6.2. Availability of Charging Infrastructure for Electric Mobility 16.1
6.3. Proportion of consumers with Smart meters 0.0
Source:State Energy & Climate Index Round -1, NITI Aayog (April 2022)
261
Utilities and Nodal Agencies
Jharkhand Bijli Vitran Nigam Limited (JBVNL)
JBVNL is a state owned DISCOM incorporated score is very low for JBVNL. JBVNL has a high
in January 2014. It serves more than 34 lakh cash adjusted ACS-ARR gap of INR 1.78 per kWh
customers in the state of Jharkhand. In FY2020- (bottom tertile in the sector). One of the drivers for
21, JBVNL had a revenue of 5897 crores rupees, its high ACS-ARR gap is low cash adjusted revenue
profit after tax of -2,200 crores rupees and it of 90 percent, which translates to approximately
sold 8,066 million units of energy. According to 614 crore rupees of unrealized revenue. It has high
the 10th Annual Integrated Rating and Ranking: power purchase costs, which make up 97 percent
Power Distribution Utilities Report published by of the cash adjusted revenue. JBVNL is performing
the Ministry of Power in August 2022, JBVNL well on O&M costs. However, its performance on
occupies 49th rank out of 52 power distribution power purchase costs lies in the bottom tertile. Its
utilities in India. It secured C- grade. The ACS- performance on all ACS-ARR gap components
ARR Gap trajectory is declining, and the integrated declined during FY 2019-21.
Initiatives to be taken under Jharkhand Bijli Vitran Nigam Limited during the financial year
2021-22
This section outlines the various results JBVNL is in the state.
expecting to draw out from the measures taken to
• Initiatives related to energy efficiency, focus on
turnaround itself into an operationally sound and
optimization of power purchase cost along with
financially viable utility. Various schemes are aimed
reduction in overall cost of power generation
at assuring that JBVNL comes out of its condition
due to coal swaps etc. shall have an impact on
of operational and financial distress and turns into a
creating the affordability of power for all kinds
vibrant DISCOM through a permanent resolution of
of consumers.
past as well as potential future issues of the sector.
The adoption of various schemes have led to positive • The impact of measures to be taken by JBVNL
outcomes by the JBVNL mentioned below- for reduction of AT&C losses, including feeder
segregation, improving billing and collection
• Becoming a utility with cent percent metering
efficiency through various means shall not only
at all levels including rural consumers,
be instrumental in reducing the overall cost of
utilization of technology and robust energy
supply but also result in optimal utilization of
accounting. It shall ensure that the reasons for
national resources at large.
T&D losses can identified and mitigated.
• Digital transformation initiatives like smart
• The up gradation of existing distribution
metering, augmentation of IT infrastructure
infrastructure with feeder improvement
through cutting edge cloud-based solutions,
program coupled with infrastructure
ERP implementation, GIS and SCADA for
investments under various central government
monitoring of key parameters is expected
schemes such as DDUGJY, IPDS etc. shall
to consolidate the ongoing institutional
ensure 24X7 reliable power to all consumers
strengthening initiatives.
in the state.
• As JBVNL endeavors to become a regulatory
• Central and state government schemes such
compliant entity with enhanced discipline in
as the PM-KUSUM and Jharkhand Sampoorn
tariff filing and recovery of cost impact through
Bijli Achadan Yojana (JSBAY) have been
Fuel and Power Purchase Cost Adjustment
envisioned to boost the adoption of renewable
(FPPCA) mechanism, it can be assumed that
energy. It also aims to bolster the electricity
the gap between the ACS and ARR will get
distribution infrastructure which shall meet
addressed on time. JBVNL will also be able to
the increasing energy demands of 100 percent
recover its actual cost of supply and its tariff
electrification of rural and urban households
shocks can also be avoided.
262
• JBVNL has commenced action on initiating the pre- of Jharkhand has given acceptance of financial
award works related to the upcoming Revamped assistance issued by the PFC and the tender for the
Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS): same is in process.
1. Feeder wise mapping for loss reduction work such Thus, it is expected that a pace will be set for JBVNL, which
as feeder bifurcation, Feeder segregation and HVDS will be characterized by robust infrastructure, monitoring of
for 21 numbers of Division out of 44 has been done performance, motivation of employees and technological
while the remaining are under process. interventions. Effectively, it will reduce the dependence of
JBVNL on the state government and pave foundations for
2. The action plan has been finalized along with the
a financially sustainable and a self-sufficient power sector
DPR of infrastructure works. The government
in Jharkhand.
Table 9.15: Key Strength and Improvement Areas for JBVNL
Sl.
Key Strength Improvement Area
No.
• Improvement in cash adjusted ACS-ARR gap, currently at INR 1.85*

per kWh
• Improvement of cash adjusted DSCR and leverage, currently at -1.15*
Financial and -12.96*, respectively
1.
Sustainability • Improvement of days receivables and payable to gencos and transcos,
currently at 436 and 497 days, respectively
• Improvement in adjusted quick ratio, currently at 0.38*
• Significant improvement in billing efficiency, currently at 70.1%*

Performance • Significant improvement in collection efficiency, currently at 88%*
2.
Excellence • Adherence to Corporate Governance i.e., board with 1/3rd independent
directors
• Improvement in realization of subsidy, currently at 91% over the last

3 financial years
External • Regulatory support needed in terms of timely issuance of tariff orders
3.
Environment and implementation of fuel surcharge adjustments.
• Improvement in loss takeover by the state government
* - 3-year weighted average

Source: Annual Integrated Rating & Ranking: Power Distribution Utilities (August 2022), Ministry of Power
Jharkhand Renewable Energy Development Agency (JREDA)

The Jharkhand Renewable Energy Development was to remain in operation for five years or till the
Agency Ltd (JREDA) was incorporated as a society issuance of any other new policy. Solar Power Projects
in the year 2001 under the administrative control of commissioned under this policy were to remain
the Department of Energy, Government of Jharkhand eligible for the incentives for ten years. Moreover,
for promoting the use of renewable energy-sources for the promotion of rooftop solar programmes and
in the state. The solar policy notified by the state to bring investment in the rooftop solar market of
government titled Jharkhand State Solar Power the state, the state-government notified a Jharkhand
Policy 2015 was formulated on August 10, 2015, for Solar Rooftop Policy in the year 2018.
the development of solar energy in the State and it
263
Table 9.16: Achievements of Jharkhand Renewable Energy Development Programme (JREDA)
Achievement of work under JREDA Scheme till Nov 2022 Remarks
SI. Component/ Scheme Unit Scope Achievement
No.
1 Installation of Solar water Pumping System No’s 10574 Ongoing
under PM-Kusum Component-B project
2 Distribution of 200Wp Standalone Home No’s 10,685 Ongoing
lightening System project
3 Installation of Grid-Connected Rooftop MW 35 Ongoing
Solar Power Plant at various government project
buildings in the state
4 Installation of Mini-grid System MW 4.222 Ongoing
project
5 Installation of Street Lightening System No’s 22546 Ongoing
project
6 Solarization of Various Airport in the state MW 1.2 Ongoing
project
7 Installation of Solar High mast System No’s 175 Ongoing
project
Source: Department of Energy, GOJ
The Status with regards to theconsumption of Power

The domestic power consumption has been from 894.74 MU in FY 2020-2021 to 911.85 MU
consistently high followed by industrial power in FY 2021-2022. The power consumption in the
consumption. However, the consumption of power for public services remained lowest; yet has shown
sectors reported low in the FY 2021-2022 as compared a tremendous change and jacked up to 90.04 MU
to previous FY except that in the commercial and in the FY 2021-2022 which was merely 22.08 MU
the public service sector. The power consumption and 21.43 MU for the FY 2020-21 and 2019-20
by commercial sector has increased by 17.11 MU respectively.
Table 9.17: Sector wise power consumption in the years 2021-22 and 2022-23 (Upto August22)
Consumption FY
Consumption FY Consumption FY
Sector 2021-22 (MU)
2019-20 (MU) 2020-21 (MU)
(Provisional)
Agriculture 232.42 255.66 178.05
Industry 2,716.27 2,730.38 2,067.29
Domestic 5,660.08 5,886.49 5,629.96
Commercial 798.87 894.74 911.85
Public Services 21.43 22.08 90.04
Railways 100.42 104.44 13.02
Source: Department of Energy, GoJ
264
Figure 9.1: Sectorwise power consumption for FY 2021-22
According to the Power Statistics released by the Considering the statistics from 2014-2015 to 2021-
Department of Energy, Government of Jharkhand 2022, it accounts for the highest power availability
,the availability of power for JBVNL has increased with a decent YoY growth rate of 4.2 percent.
by 559.27 MU from 2020-2021 to 2021-2022.
Table 9.18: Power Statistics for Jharkhand (in MU)
Year Availability of power for JBVNL
2014-2015 10859.61
2015-2016 13062.67
2016-2017 12864.97
2017-2018 13319.79
2018-2019 13820.2
2019-2020 11437.12
2020-21 13,177.34
2021-22 13,736.61
2022-23 (Up to August 2022) 6,394.69

265
Figure 9.2: Availavility of Power and YOY Growth for JBVNL
The Status with regards to Demand and Supply of Electricity

The state has recovered from the economic losses than the supply. Due to this there is a gap of 201 MW
which it suffered due to the COVID Pandemic. Since power between peak power demand and supply in the
energy has an important role in intensifying the FY 2021-2022 which has further extended to that of
economic growth of a state the power demand has 229 MW in 2022-2023 (up to August 2022).
increased in the year 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 more
Table 9.19: Peak Power Demand and Supply (MW)
Year Peak Demand Peak Availability Shortage

2014-2015 1850 1764 86
2015-2016 1970 1827 143
2016-2017 2051 1933 118
2017-2018 2113 1994 119
2018-2019 2169 2210 -41
2019-2020 1396 1389 7
2020-2021 1619 1566 53
2021-2022 1847 1646 201
2022-2023 (Upto August 2036 1807 229
2022)
266
Figure 9.3: Peak Demand, Availability and Shortage
The monthly status of power supply for the FY 2021- was made available in April 2022 but due to rise in
2022 and 2022-2023 till August reveals that there is demand the deficit reduced from -16.1 percent for
a recurring deficit in the availability of power for the March to -11.2 percent for April 2022. The minimum
stated demand. The maximum deficit reached in the deficit was attained at the crest of the first wave of
month of March 2022. To curb this deficit more power COVID pandemic during the lockdown in May 2021.
Table 9.20: Month wise power supply position in Jharkhand in the financial years 2021-22 and 2022-23
(Up to August 2022)
Peak Energy
Month Availability Surplus Availability
Demand (MW)
(MW) MW Percent (MU)
Apr-21 1638 1617 -21 -1.3% 790.47
May-21 1574 1562 -12 -0.8% 689.94
Jun-21 1645 1528 -117 -7.1% 748.83
Jul-21 1657 1570 -87 -5.3% 833.50
Aug-21 1708 1646 -62 -3.6% 831.28
Sep-21 1658 1542 -116 -7.0% 780.18
Oct-21 1693 1557 -136 -8.0% 772.41
Nov-21 1634 1532 -102 -6.2% 745.33
Dec-21 1716 1569 -147 -8.6% 794.64
Jan-22 1758 1595 -163 -9.3% 858.92
Feb-22 1745 1511 -234 -13.4% 740.52
Mar-22 1847 1549 -298 -16.1% 896.83
267
Peak Energy
Month Availability Surplus Availability
Demand (MW)
(MW) MW Percent (MU)
Apr-22 2036 1807 -229 -11.2% 931.79
May-22 1769 1544 -225 -12.7% 893.66
Jun-22 1874 1661 -213 -11.4% 892.33
Jul-22 1859 1724 -135 -7.3% 949.31
Aug-22 1856 1666 -190 -10.2% 880.28
Figure 9.4: Monthwise Power Supply Position in Jharkhand For FY 2021-22 and 2022-23 (Upto
August)
According to the CEA, installed capacity of power coal and generated negligible capacity of renewable
utilities owned by central, state and private body based power as compared to 2021. Since the state
differs for different energy sources. This can be government is accountable to meet the power demand
due to technology economic feasibility of the by its citizen, it has developed its installed capacity of
infrastructure and resources available. The installed power through all the three available and accessible
capacity of power through RES by the private energy sources i.e., hydro, thermal and RES. It is
utilities is higher than the central and the state also encouraging energy mix in Jharkhand’s energy
government. At this moment when the commitments balance.
are made to attain net zero carbon emissions in the
near future, central government owned utilities are
still raising their installed capacity of power through
268
Table 9.21: Installed Capacity (MW) of power utilities in Jharkhand including allocated shares in
Joint and Central Sectors (as on March 31, 2022)
Source wise installed capacity (in MW)
Ownership/ Thermal Grand

Nuclear Hydro Renewable
Sector Coal Gas Diesel (RES) Total Total
State 420.00 0 0 420.00 0 130.0 4.05 554.05
Private 580.00 0 0 580.00 0 0 93.09 673.09
Central 1446.50 0 0 1446.50 0 61.00 0 1507.50
Sub-total 2446.50 0 0 2446.50 0 191.00 97.14 2734.64

Source: Annual Report 2021-2022, Central Electricity Authority
T&D Loss and AT & C Loss

Energy losses occur while supplying and delivering 21, T&D losses have increased by 12.31 percent
energy to the consumers due to technical and while AT & C losses have raised by 3.34 percent
commercial disruptions. The efficiency of the in comparison to 2019-2020, indicating a reduced
DISCOMs can be identified by analysing the energy efficiency of DISCOMs accountable for transmission
losses encountered in a given period of time. In 2020- of electricity in Jharkhand.
Table 9.22: Year wise AT&C Loss and Transmission and Distribution Loss
Year T&D Loss (%) AT&C Loss (%)
2014-15 29.71 42.37
2015-16 28.00 33.34
2016-17 24.20 35.95
2017-18 20.40 32.38
2018-19 22.89 28.60
2019-20 23.03 33.48
2020-21 35.34 36.82

Non-Renewable Energy
Jharkhand is a blessed land with the natural gift the only state in the country where three major coal
of immense mineral potential and other natural extracting subsidiaries of the CIL are working on a
resources. The state of Jharkhand enjoys a strong simultaneous basis. At present, the coal extracting
position on the mineral map of the country. The state companies active in Jharkhand are the CCL, the
occupies the first position in coal reserves and is the BCCL and the ECL.
sole producer of prime coking coal. Jharkhand is
269
Table 9.23: Installed Capacity of Coal Washeries in Jharkhand (As in 31.03.2021)
Coking Coal
Sl.
Washery and Operator Capacity (MTY)
No.
1. Dudga –II, CIL 2.00
2. Moonidih, CIL 1.60
3. Sudamdih, CIL 1.60
4. Mahuda, CIL 0.63
5. Madhuban, CIL 2.50
6. Kathara, CIL 3.00
7. Swang, CIL 0.75
8. Rajrappa, CIL 3.00
9. Kedla, CIL 2.60
10. Chasnala, IISCO 1.40
11. Jamadoba, TISCO 1.30
12. West Bokaro II, TISCO 2.50
13. West Bokaro III, TISCO 2.70
14. Bhelatand, TISCO 1.50
15. Patherdih, CIL Closed
Non-Coking Coal
1. Gidi, CIL 2.50
2. Pitarwar, CIL 6.50
3. Kargil, CIL Closed
4. Dugda-I,CIL Closed
Source: Energy Statistics 2022, MOSPI
According to the annual report of 2021-22 released Bangladesh (in radial mode without interconnection
by the Ministry of Power, M/s Adani, India is with Indian grid), which is expected to be operational
establishing a 1600MW generation plant in India in 2022-23
at Godda, Jharkhand for dedicated power supply to
Ultra-Mega Power Projects

The government of India through the Ministry of Electricity Authority(CEA) is involved in selection
Power had launched the initiative of the Ultra Mega of sites for them.
Power Projects (UMPP) with the objective to develop
So far 17 UMMPs have been identified. Initially only
large capacity power projecti.e. 4000 MW Super
9 UMPP were proposed. Tilaiya UMPP in Jharkhand
Thermal Power Projects in November 2005.
was proposed and is in operation in the first UMPP
Its objective is to develop large capacity power out of the 9 projects. Later a site at Husainabad,
projects in India. Power Finance Corporation Limited Deoghar District has been identified for setting up
has been appointed as the nodal agency to facilitate second UMPP in Jharkhand, bringing a total of two
the development of these projects and Central UMPPs in the state. Tilaiya UMPP is being closed
270
on the direction of the Ministry of Power as per the same has been terminated.
request of the state government and the PPA for the
Deen Dayal Updhayay Gram Jyoti Yojna (DDUGJY)

The progress of DDUGJY in the 12th Plan stands households have been successfully provide under
completed in December 2021. Eleven (11) new this plan. The LT line has also been extended to
33/11 KV substations have been setup. The 33 KV 15221.07 Ckm. Nineteen thousand nine hundred
(Line has been stretched to 172.62 ckm)and 11KV ninety (19990) Distribution transformers have been
Line to 5021.01 ckm1. connection to 2,48,242 BPL set up till December2021.
Table 9.24: Progress of DDUGJY Scheme in the 12thPlan(Till 31.08.2022)

Achievement of work under DDUGJY 12th Plan (Including Additional Infra) from Feb 2016
to Dec 2021
Remarks
Sl.
Component/ Scheme Unit Achievement
No.
1. 33/11 kV New PSS (Power Sub Stations) Nos 11
2. 33 kV Line Ckm 172.62
Work
3. 11 kV Line Ckm 4343.40 completed
4. DTR (Distribution Transformers) Nos 17225 and project
closed
5. LT (Low Tension) Line Ckm 13279.70
6. BPL household connections Nos 248242
The new model of DDUGJY in which additional work progress status achieved till its completion in
infrastructure has been included also stands completed 2021.
in February 2021. The following table shows the
Table 9.25: Progress of DDUGJY New(including Additional Infrastructure)

Achievement of work under DDUGJY New (Including Additional Infra) from March Remarks
2016 to Feb 2021
Sl. No. Component/ Scheme Unit Achievement
1. 33/11 kV New PSS Nos 108 Work
completed and
2. 33 kV Line Ckm 1361.16
project closed
3. 11 kV Line Ckm 19319.16
4. DTR Nos 55764
5. LT Line Ckm 37776.91
6. Unelectrified to Electrified Village Nos 518
7. PE Village Nos 20079
8. Sansad Gram Adarsh Yojana Village Nos 17
9. BPL household connections Nos 244971
1 Ckm is circuit kilometers (ckm=2xroute km).

271
Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)
The Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana the Rural Electrification Corporation. This scheme
or Rural Electricity Infrastructure and Household is applicable for all rural households living below
Electrification Scheme was launched in 2005 the poverty line. All projects under this scheme
and is dedicated to provide electricity to all rural have been completed. The following table shows its
households. The scheme is funded to the extent of 90 progress till 2018.
percent by the central government and 10 percent by
Table 9.26: Electrification of villages and free electricity connection to BPL households sanctioned
under theRajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)
Achievement of work under 10th& 11th plan of RGGVY from Sep 2006 to
June 2018
Remarks
SI.
Component/ Scheme Unit Achievement
No.
1. 33/11 kV New PSS Nos 107
2. 33 & 66 kV Lines Ckm 2417
3. 11 kV Lines Ckm 40831
4. DTR Nos 54446

Work completed
and project
5. LT Lines Ckm 46901
closed
Unelectrified to Electrified
6. Nos 18392
Village
7. PE Village Nos 5854
8. BPL Connections Nos 1263530

Saubhagya Scheme
While inching towards achieving 100 percent village government of India systematically designed and
electrification, the government of India also focused launched a scheme Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har
in achieving electrification of all un-electrified Ghar Yojana: Saubhagya, in October 2017 focusing on
households in the country. the last mile connectivity and electricity connections
to all the unelectrified households in the country.
After a careful perusal of studies conducted, it was
Saubhagya scheme is one of the world’s biggest
found that major barriers in household electrification
universal electrification initiatives with collaborative
was lack of awareness, cost of obtaining new
and concerted efforts of the centre and the states. It is
connections, complexity and other
a concurrent program to the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya
logistics difficulty faced in obtaining connections. Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY).
Taking into consideration these requirements, the
272
Table 9.27: Progress of SAUBHAGYA Scheme in Jharkhand
Achievement of work under SAUBHAGYA Scheme from Oct 2017 to March 2021 Remarks
Sl. No. Component/ Scheme Unit Achievement Work

completed
1. 11 kV Line Ckm 573.337 and project
2. DTR Nos 2474 closed
3. LT Line Ckm 1822.11
4. New connection executed Nos 1133490
Atal Gram Jyoti Yojana (AGJY)

Table 9.28: Progress of AGJY Scheme
Achievement of work under AGJY(Atal Gram Jyoti Yojna) Scheme from May 2016 to Oct Remarks
2018
Sl. No. Component/ Scheme Unit Achievement
1. New connections executed Nos 188418 Work
completed
2. Conversion of unmetered to metered connections Nos 67175
Jharkhand Sampoorn Bijli Achadan Yojana (JSBAY)

Table 9.29: Progress of JSBAY Scheme
Achievement of work under JSBAY Scheme from July 2018 to Aug 2022 Remarks
Sl. No. Component/ Scheme Unit Scope Achievement
1. PSS – New Nos 111 99 Ongoing
project
2. PSS – R&M and augmentation of old PSS Nos 196 196
3. 33 kV Line (New) Ckm 2203.68 2112.71
4. 33 kV Line re-conductoring Ckm 1602.80 1583.30
5. 11 kV Line (New) Ckm 3601.38 3175.08
6. 11 kV Line re-conductoring/conversion Ckm 4436.92 4261.56
7. New DTR Nos 6100 5526
8. Replacement/augmentation of 10/16 kVA DTR Nos 1221 1040
to 25 kVA DTR
9. New LT Line & conversion (Bare to AB Cable) Ckms 8183.23 7536.02
10. PE Village Nos 948 807
11. Existing unmetered to metered connections Nos 892943 690718
12. Existing agriculture unmetered to metered con- Nos 23045 13946
nections
273
Renewable Energy
Jharkhand, situated in the eastern zone of India at 18180 MW of solar energy.
23.35° N 85.33° E receives abundant supply of solar
The total SPV plant in government buildings
radiation. The average solar radiation ranges between
installed till October 2019 of capacity 17840 KWpin
4.5 kWh/m2 to 5.5kWh/m2 in most parts of Jharkhand
894 buildings were done in four phases. It is because
making an ideal condition for the deployment of
of the success of such projects that Jharkhand has
solar pump for irrigation purposes in remote areas of
reached 15th rank in solar power production. The
Jharkhand. The bright sunshine hours in Jharkhand
installed capacity of solar rooftops in Jharkhand (as
vary from 4-5 hours/day and three hundred clear sun
on 30/06/2020 in SPIN portal) is 17.12 MWp.
days in a year. Jharkhand has a potential to produce
Table 9.30: Source-Wise estimated Potential of Renewable Power in Jharkhand

Source Potential (MWp)
Small Hydro 228
Biomass Power 90
Waste to Energy 10
Solar Energy 18180
Total 18508
Distribution 1.2%
Table 9.31: Status of Grid connected Solar Projects
Capacity
Cumulative Capacity till 31.03.2021 (MWp) 52.06
Capacity added in 2021-22 till 31.12.2021 (MWp) 1.50
Cumulative Capacity till 31.12.2021 (MWp) 53.56

Source: Annual Report 2021-2022, MNRE
Table 9.32: Installation of Off grid/ Decentralized Renewable Energy Systems
Year Biogas SPV Solar Photovoltaic Systems

Plants(no.) Pumps(no.)
Street light Home Light Solar Power Plant
(no.) (no.) Lamp (KWp)
2019 3857 10301 9450 747295 3769.9
2020 7855 4670 12733 9450 790515 13770
2021 7890 5051 13916 9450 790515 3770

274
Table 9.33: Funds released in FY 2021-22 under Phase I & II of the Rooftop Solar Programme (upto
31.12.2021)
Agency Amount
Jharkhand State Electricity Board (Phase II) 57,24,000
Jharkhand Renewable Energy Development Agency (Phase I) 6,03,63,502
Suryamitras
Under the skill development initiatives of the MNRE, National Institute of Solar Energy is mandated as the
nodal agency for the implementation of a programme called Suryamitra Skill Development Program which
aims to develop skills of youth, considering the growing solar energy power projects installation, operation
and maintenance in India and abroad.
Table 9.34: Progress of number of Suryamitras trained in Jharkhand
Year No. of Suryamitras trained
2015-16 0
2016-17 152
2017-18 185
2018-19 180
2019-20 269
2020-21 and 2021-22 upto 31.12.2021 60
Total 846
Varunmitras
The ministry sanctioned funding for Solar Water government institutions, engineering colleges,
Pumping Technician Training Programmes polytechnics and other affiliated institutions which
(Varunmitras) to train 900 participants on Solar have been empanelled through an Expression of
Water Pumping Systems on pan India basis for the Interest (EOI). A total 849 Varunmitras were trained
FY 2020-21 to the National Institute of Solar Energy against the target of 900.
(NISE), Gurugram which were continued in FY 2021-
In Jharkhand, 30 participants are trained as
22. These training programmes are being organized
Varunmitras has been as reported by MNRE’s annual
by NISE along with partner institutions such as
report of 2021-2022.
GEF-MNRE-UNIDO Project
The United Nations Industrial Development in India. Also, under this project, the GIS waste
Organisation (UNIDO) and the Ministry of New and mapping tool has also been launched which gives
Renewable Energy(MNRE), Government of India are details regarding waste-to-energy potential for all the
jointly implementing Global Environment Facility states and union territories of India.
(GEF) funded Project – Organic Waste Streams for
The generation of urban organic solid waste grew
Industrial Renewable Energy Applications in India.
from 1055000 tons in 2021 to 1317000 tons in 2022
It has established a financial support scheme to
and hence gave rise to energy potential (from 10 MW
demonstrate and scale up investments in innovative
in 2021 to 20 MW in 2022) and bio CNG potential
Industrial Organic Waste to Energy (IOWtE)
(TPD) (from 50 in 2021 to 95 in 2022).
biomethanation technologies and business models
275
Table 9.35: Waste Generation, Bio CNG Potential and Energy Potential Estimate of Selected Sectors
(as in December 2022)
Sector Solid Waste Liquid waste Bio CNG
Energy Potential
Generation (‘000 Generation Potential
(MW)
tonne) (MLD) (TPD)
Cattle 13580 - 116 555
Poultry 363 - 5.3 25
Pulp and Paper - 0.16 0.07 0.33
Urban Organic
- 1055 10 50
Liquid Waste
Urban Organic
1317 - 20 95
Solid Waste
Source: GIS Waste Mapping Tool,IOWtE,GEF-MNRE-UNIDO (https://bio-energy.isid4india.org/)
Figure 9.5 : Sectorial Share in Waste Generation
Figure 9.6: Sectorial Share in Energy Potential
Solar Park Scheme

The Solar Parks and Ultra Mega Solar Power capacity of the Solar Park Scheme was enhanced
Projects was launched on December 12,2014 with from 20000 MW to 40000 MW to set up at least 50
an aggregate capacity of 20000 MW. In 2017, the solar parks by 2021-2022.
276
Table 9.36: List of Parks in Jharkhand as on 31.12.2021
Sl. No. Solar Park Sanctioned Capacity of Park (MW)
1. Floating Solar Park 100
2. Deogarh Solar Park 20
3. Palamu Solar Park 20
4. Garhwa Solar Park 20
5. Simdega Solar Park 20

Grid Connected Rooftop and Small Solar Power Plants Programme: Phase II
The Phase II of the Grid Connected Rooftop Solar It has provisions of incentives to DISCOMs. As per
Programme was approved in February 2019 for the scheme, DISCOMs get the incentive for addition
achieving the target cumulative capacity of 40000 of capacity achieving in the financial year above the
MW from Rooftop Solar Projects by the year 2022. baseline capacity as on March 31 of the previous year.
Table 9.37: DISCOMs in Jharkhand responsible to contribute to the target under Phase II
Aggregate Aggregate
Aggregate
Sl. DISCOMs/ allocated allocated
allocated Capacity
No. Energy Departments Capacity 2019- Capacity 2020-
2021-2022 (MW)
2020 (MW) 2021 (MW)
1. TATA Steel Licensee, Jamshedpur 0.6 - 0.6
Tata Steel Utilities and

Infrastructure Services Limited,
2. 0.1 - 0.10
JUSCO Licensee, Saraikela
Kharaswan
Jharkhand Bijli Vitran Nigam

3. 10.0 50.0 60.0
Limited
Grid Connected Rooftop and Small Solar Power Plants Programme: Phase I
Earlier, under the Grid Connected Rooftop and Small sectors. This was for the sanctioned projects under
Solar Power Plants Programmes, subsidies up to Phase I. The government sector achievement linked
30 percent benchmark cost to the general category incentives up to 25 percent of benchmark cost in
states and 70 percent benchmark cost to the special general category states and Union Territories; and
category states were provided for the installation 60 percent of benchmark cost for special category
of grid connected rooftop solar power plants in states and Union Territories has been provided for the
buildings of residential, institutional, and social sanctioned project under this phase.
277
Table 9.38: Overall installed capacity (with or without CFA) as on 31.12.2021
Capacity
Overall installed
installed (MW) in
Sl. capacity in all sectors
DISCOMs/ Energy Departments residential sector
No. (with or without CFA)
under phase II
as on 31.12.2021
with CFA
1. TATA Steel Licensee, Jamshedpur 0.013 7.561
Tata Steel Utilities and Infrastructure Services
2. 0 1.534
Limited, JUSCO Licensee, Saraikela Kharaswan
3. Jharkhand Bijli Vitran Nigam Limited 0.17 25.419
Off grid and Decentralised Solar PV Applications Programme
The Ministry has initiated the Off grid and and solar power packs to meet out the electricity and
Decentralised Solar PV Application Programme for lighting needs of the local communities/ institutions/
the deployment of solar lights, solar study lamps individuals in the rural areas.
Table 9.39: Status of Off grid and Decentralised Solar PV Applications Programme in Jharkhand (till
31/12/2021)
Solar Home Solar Lamp Solar Street Solar Solar Power
Light Lights Pump Plant (kWp)
Cumulative 2020 9450 790515 13572 4800 3769.9
Capacity installed
2021 9450 790515 14294 11381 3769.9
Capacity Installed 2020 0 0 839 130 0
2021 0 0 210 6330 0
Pradhan Mantri Kisan UrjaSauraksha Evam Utthan Mahabhiyan (PM KUSUM) Scheme
It was approved by the Cabinet Committee on supported to install standalone solar pumps of
February 2, 2019, and its expansion was announced capacity up to 7.5 HP and hence will replace
in the budget for 2020-2021. Under this scheme there diesel pumps in areas where grid power for
are 3 Components: agriculture is not available/ reliable.
• Component A: Renewable power plants of • Component C: Individual farmers will be
capacity 500 kWp to 2MWp will be setup supported to solarise pumps of capacity up
by individual landowner on this barren or to 7.5 HP. Solar PV Capacity up to two times
cultivable land. The power generated will be of pump capacity in kW is allowed under the
purchased by DISCOMs and hence the scheme scheme. This will help the farmers to use the
will provide stable and continuous income to generated energy to meet the irrigation needs.
the rural landowners. However, the excess energy available will be
• Component B: Individual farmers will be sold to DISCOMs.
Table 9.40: Implementation of PM KUSUM Scheme in Jharkhand
Component C (Numbers)
Component A Component B
Year Individual Pumps Feeder Level
(MWp) (MWp)
Solarisation Solarisation
2020 50 11000 500 0
2021 50 11000 500 10000
278
Small Hydro Power Project
The MNRE is vested with the responsibility of by MNRE, Jharkhand’s progress of SHP remained
developing hydro power projects of capacity up to stagnant in 2021-2022 and hence the same as it was
25 MW, categorised as Small Hydro Power Projects in 2020-2021. The potential for installation of 121
(SHP). The SHP is further categorised as: projects and a total capacity of 227.96 MW of which
it has managed to install only 6 projects out of total
• Micro Hydel: ≤ 0.1 MW
capacity 4.05 MW belong to Small Hydel category
• Mini Hydel:> 0.10 MW to 2.00 MW of Small Hydro Power Project as on December 31,
• Small Hydel:> 2.00 MW to ≤ 25.00 MW 2021.Also, six projects have not been implemented
According to the Annual Report 2021-2022 released in Jharkhand yet.
New National Biogas and Organic Manure Programme (NNBOMP)

The NNBOMP scheme aims to set up small biogas farmers/ users including individual households. It
plants in the size varying from 1M3 to 25M3. The also aims to facilitate management and utilisation of
objective of this scheme is to provide green and clean biogas plant produced slurry as an organic enriched
renewable gaseous fuel for cooking, lighting and solid biogas fertilizer.
small power needs of the potential farmers, cattle
Table 9.41: Achievement for family type/ small biogas plants from 1981-82 to 2020-2021 under the
National Biogas Programme
During FY 2020-21 Cumulative small Biogas plants (No. of Biogas Plants) under
upto 31.03.2021 NBMMP/NNBOMP
31/12/2020 31/03/2021
35 7823 7890
National e Mobility Programme

This programme was launched on March 7,2018 by technical competencies for the long-term growth of
then Minister of Power, New and Renewable Energy. electric vehicle industry in India and to enable Indian
The objective of this programme is to encourage the electric vehicle manufacturers to emerge as a major
Indian vehicle manufacturers, charging infrastructure global player.
companies, fleet operators, service providers and Under this programme, milestone of completing
others to gain efficiencies of scale and drive down 5,00,00,000 green kilometres has been achieved on
costs, create local manufacturing facilities, grow July 1,2021 in India.
Table 9.42: Status of National E-Mobility Scheme
Sl. Parameter Jharkhand
No.
2021 (as in October 2021) 2022(as in December 2022)
1. Total E kilometre covered (km) 20,94,420 29,27,416
2. Number of Electric Vehicle Deployed 51 51
3. Savings in fuel consumption 0.14 0.20
4. Monetary Saving on Fuel (MINR) 11.87 16.59
5. Reduction in CO2 Emissions(tCO2) 374.21 523.03
6. Reduction in Particulate Matter (Kg) 52.36 73.19
Source: EESL
279
Street Lighting National Programme
The Prime Minister launched this programme on In Jharkhand 5,34,356 streetlights have been installed
January 5, 2015, to replace conventional streetlights through state and gram panchayat projects under this
with smart and energy efficient ones across India. programme (as in December 2022).
UjwalDiscom Assurance Yojna (UDAY)

It was launched by the Ministry of Power, government As per the DISCOM Quarterly Performance Rankings
of India and approved by the Union Cabinet on (as in September 2022) Jharkhand’s rank has risen
November 5, 2015, for operational and financial from 6th (in 2021) to 17th (in 2022) out of 32 UDAY
turnaround of power distribution companies owned states and JBVNL’s rank rose from 20th (in 2021) to
by any state. The main aim of this scheme is to 34th (in 2022) out of 48 DISCOM/ Power Department
provide 24X7 power to all at an affordable and easily indicating a deteriorating performance of DISCOMs
accessible way. in Jharkhand.
Transportation
Transportation plays an important role to stimulate of people and goods. The changing face of transport
the economic growth of the state through international sector in Jharkhand and the expectations of its people
and interstate connectivity and facilitate the mobility are being fulfilled with topmost priority.
Roadways
According to the Ministry of Road Transport and and states through road infrastructure to tackle this
Highways, roadways are the most cost effective and issue and support the economy of the state and nation
preferred mode of transport. Our state is considered as a whole. When it comes to road infrastructure of
as Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) affected state. the state, it is broadly divided into three categories as
Steps have been taken by the central and the state mentioned in the table 9.42 given below.
government to connect the remote areas, districts,
Table 9.43: Road Length in Jharkhand under various categories Status up to August,2022
Sl. No. Category of Road Length (in Km)
1. State Highways 1232
2. National Highways 3340
3. Major District Roads 4846
4. Other PwD Roads 7372
Source: Department of Road and Construction, GOJ
Table 9.44: Road in the State

Category Approx Length (in Km)
State Highways 1232
Major District Roads 4846
Other District Roads 7379
The total length of National Highway has expanded was unchanged in 2020 and 2021. The length of SH
in 2022. The length of NH in Jharkhand has reduced. under the RCD showed a minor progress i.e., an
The total length under the RCD (Road Construction addition of 0.1 km.
Department) has been expanded to 13444 kms which
280
Table 9.45: Road Length under various Categories
Sl. No. Category 31.10.2020 31.10.2021 31.08.2022

National Highway
a. Number 33 33 33
b. Total Length (Km) 3367 3290 3340
c. NH with State Govt. (Km) 2447.6 2047 1909
d. NH transferred to NHAI 919.4 1243 1431
RCD Roads
a. Total Length (Km) 12736 12936 13444
b. State Highway (SH)(Km) 1231.9 1231.9 1232
c. Major District Road(MDR)(Km) 4845.7 4845.7 4846
d. Other RCD Road(Km) 6658.0 6857.9 7366
Road Density
Road-density refers to the ratio of the length of the August, density has increased by 6.43 km/1000 sq. km.
country’s/state’s total road-network that includes all The length of the road has been stretched by 508 km. This
types of roads to the country’s/state’s land area. In the indicates that there is an enormous scope of improvement
previous financial year, the road density in the case of in the construction procedure and the channel of roads
SH, MDR and other RCD roads in Jharkhand was less for better connectivity with the neighbouring states and
than half of the national average. In the FY 2022-23 till the remote areas within Jharkhand.
Table 9.46: Status of Road Density
Sl.
Indicator 2021 2022(till August, 31)
No.
1. Total Length of Road (Km) 12936 13444
Road Density in terms of Area (Road Km

2. 162.27 168.70
/1000 Sq. Km)
The road length (excluding NH & Rural roads) at financial years. It has showed an improvement in the
the beginning of the year was constant for last two FY 2022-23.
Table 9.47: Road Density of road under SH, MDR &other RCD Roads
2022-23(up to
2020-21 2021-22
August,2022)
Road Length(excluding NH & Rural
159.78 159.78 168.49
roads) at the start of the year
Road Length(excluding NH & Rural
159.78 168.49 168.70
roads) at the end of the year
281
A look at the district wise road network reveals road density of Giridih when compared to the FY
that Deoghar has the highest road density followed 2021-2022 as it fell to that of a district with zero road
by Koderma. The road densities of Hazaribagh and density in 2022.
Giridihare the lowest. There is a deterioration in the
Table 9.48: District wise Road Network

Sl. No. District Singhbhum RCD District wise Road Densi-
Road(SH,MDR ty of RCD Roads(SH,M-
& ODR) as on DR & ODR) Km /1000
31.08.2022 (Km.) Sq. Km (31.08.2022)
1. Ranchi (Road Division 7573.7 976.5 128.93
Ranchi+Ranchi Gramin)
2. Khunti 2467 580 235.10
3. Gumla 5320.9 825 155.05
4. Lohardaga 1490.8 152 101.96
5. Simdega 3756.2 431 114.74
6. East Singhbhum 3533.4 588 166.41
7. West Singhbhum (Road 5290.2 823 155.57
Division Manohar-
pur+Chaibasa)
8. Seraikella-Kharsawan 2724.6 361 132.50
9. Dumka 3716.4 855 230.06
10. Jamtara 1802 386 214.21
11. Godda 2110.5 484 229.33
12. Sahebganj 1706 415 243.26
13. Pakur 1805.6 344 190.52
14. Hazaribagh 5965.4 512 85.83
15. Koderma 1311.6 428 326.32
16. Chatra 3706.2 331 89.31
17. Giridih 4887.1 792 0.00
18. Bokaro 2860.8 494 172.68
19. Dhanbad 2074.7 511 246.30
20. Ramgarh 1389 303 218.14
21. Medininagar 4015.2 659 164.13
22. Latehar 3660.5 524 143.15
23. Garhwa 4044.2 856 211.66
24. Deoghar 2478.6 813 328.01
Total 79690.6 13443.5
282
In 2021-2022, the length of road transferred to transferred in 2022-2023 indicating a dire fall.
RCD was approximately 47 times that of the length
Table 9.49: Road transferred to RCD for development and increase of density
Financial Year Length in Km
2022-23(Up to 31st August, 2022) 15.00
2021-22 714.00
2020-21 0
It can be seen from table below that a total of 546.96 difference in the total length of roads completed.
kms of RCD roads were completed by different While in the FY 2021-22 it was 2806 kms,it stood at
implementing agencies like JARDP and SHAJ. 546.96 Km in this FY.
Comparing to previous year’s progress there is a vast
Table 9.50: Updated Progress of Roads of RCD by different implementing Agencies

The road-length under various stages of implementation:
Sl. No. Roads under Length (Km)
1. JARDP(PPP on BOT Annuity) 206
JSRP-I
2. SHAJ 451
3. Work Divisions of Department
Total 546.96
The State Highway Authority of Jharkhand is a semi- the institution shows that around 451 km length of
autonomous body funded by the state government for roads have been constructed under the administration
its operations. It is responsible for the creation of a of SHAJ. The table below shows the details of
network of roads in the state. The progress made by progress made by the SHAJ.
Table 9.51: List of works under SHAJ

Sl. No. Work Status
Construction of Balance work of Widening and Strengthening /Reconstruction
of Hazaribagh -Barkagaon-Tandwa-Khelari-Bijupara (SH-7) Road (including
1. 101.000
bridges & bypass) on EPC mode
(101 km)
Widening, Strengthening / Reconstruction of Saraikela-Rajnagar-Chakradharpur
2. (up to Odisha border ) road (MDR-190) including construction of bridges and 22.755
culverts (22.755 km.)
Reconstruction, Strengthening and Widening of Chaibasa-Tonto- Roam road
3. (from Km 0.0 to 58.825) including construction of bridges and culverts (58.82 58.820
km.)
283
Sl. No. Work Status

Improvement and up-gradation to 2 lane with earthen shoulder of Patratu-
4. Hendegir-Macluskigung Road Including Construction of Culverts &Bridges. 45.081
(45.081 km.)
Construction of High Level Bridge over River Mayurakshi on

Maurabahal (Dumka airport - Chaklata Road) - Makrampur ( Sitapahari
5. 2.970
- Singri - Harko Road)Road near Kumrabad in State of Jharkhand
Bridge -2340m, Approach road -630
Construction of Hazaribag Ring Road Four lane Divided Carriageway Ring

Road Section from Rewali NH 100 (Ring Road Ch.10.850) to Massipirhi NH
6. 5.582
33 (Ring Road Ch. 16.432) total length 5.582 km (with bridge construction) for
Hazaribag Town
Construction of Peripheral Roads of New Vidhansabha in the State of Jharkhand

7. 4.841
(Length 4.841 Km )
Strengthening, Development to Four Lane with Service lane and Cycle Track
8. and Beautification of Kanko Chowk,Vinod Bihari Chowk Road, Dhanbad (Total 11.700
Length km 0.0 to km 11.70)
Strengthening, Development to Four Lane with Service lane and Cycle Track
9. and Beautification of Vinod Bihari Chowk to Gol Building via Memco Chowk 8.300
Road, Dhanbad ( Total Length km 11.70 to km 20.00)
Reconstruction of existing Pavement to Two lane Two Lane with Paved shoulder
10. for PakriBarwadih Coal Mines to Banadag Railway siding at Hazaribagh 12.460
District(L-12.46km)
Construction of H.L Bridge in Rajrappa Area (Rajrappa OCP) over Damodar

11. River in Ramgarh district in State of Jharkhand, on Engineering, Procurement 0.144
and Construction (EPC)
Widening / Strengthening and Reconstruction of Barlanga - Nemra -Pirgul

12. - Kasmar (Bahadurpur (on NH-23) - Kasmar - Kherachaterupto West Bengal 27.608
Border) road (Length-27.608km.) into 2 lane with pave shoulder
Widening and Strengthening/ Reconstruction of Kadwa More (MDR-140)

13. 38.565
,Dandai Block , Tahle, Chakla , Rabda, Ranka road (Length. 38.565 km.)
Reconstruction of Sisai More to Shivpur Railway Siding .Road (Total length- 6.6
14. 6.600
Km)
[Construction of Diversion road from Asnapani more to Jarangdih more

15. 2.605
(Length-2.605 Km.) in Bokaro district
Widening and Strengthening/ Reconstruction of MatkammaChowk(SH-2) - Pali

16. - Sanki - Chuttupalu (NH-33) (Length-20.760 km) and Kodi Bazar to Chikor via 25.190
Suddi link road (Length-4.430 km) including bridges
284
Sl. No. Work Status

Reconstruction of (i) Majhgaon (MDR-185)-Dhoba-Dhobin-Echapi (Orissa
17. Border) Road (Length-21.111 km.) and (ii) Dhoba-Dhobin-Kharpose Benisagar 33.973
Road
Reconstruction of KariyatpurHarizan School (on NH-02)-Vijya-Tilaiya Dam -

18. 35.440
Banjhdih (on KTPS 4 lane road) Road (Total Length-35.44 km.)
19. Reconstruction of Simaria-Tandwa road 3.510

Widening and Strengthening/ Reconstruction of Honhe to Shivpur Railway
20. 3.386
siding road
Total 451
Revenue Collection by Road Transportation

The revenue collected from road transportation plays revenue by road transportation has plunged and only
an important role in the government expenditure for 37.89 percent of the set target revenue is collected in
the welfare of the state. The efficiency in collection of the FY 2022-23.
Table 9.52: Status of Revenue Collection by Road Transportation (In Lakhs)
Financial Year Target Achievement Percentage

2019-20 120000.00 112516.98 93.76
2020-21 150000.00 98186.76 65.46
2021-22 165000.00 127946.15 77.54
2022-23(Upto August
165000.00 62519.59 37.89
2022)
Source: Department of Transport, GOJ
Registration of Vehicles
The registration of vehicles is perpetually declining of number of vehicles registered from 2019-20 to
since 2019-20. The following table shows the trend 2022-2023.
Table 9.53: Number of Registered Vehicles

Financial Year Transport Non Transport Total
2019-20 56361 534191 590552
2020-21 33870 423874 457744
2021-22 33758 411210 444968
2022-23 (Upto August 19213 193075 212288
2022)
Source: Department of Transport, GOJ
Railways
Indian Railways is the lifeline of the nation and development. It plays a significant role in the
a catalyst for India’s progress and economic socio-economic development of every region of
285
the country including the state of Jharkhand. With a electrify the unelectrified sections in Jharkhand in
view to improve railway infrastructure and to extend a mission mode to lower the fuel costs and faster
the railway network in Jharkhand, Ranchi Railway trains resulting in reduction of journey time. Under
Division was formed in the year 2003. The average the Swachh Bharat Mission, Ranchi, Tatanagar,
budget grant per year has increased by 516 percent Chakradharpur, Bokaro Steel City, Hatia, Dhanbad,
from 2009-14 to 2014-22. Parasnath, Koderma, Daltonganj and Garhwa Road
stations are being developed as eco-smart stations.
In a mission mode, railways have achieved many
visible milestones in Jharkhand in the last seven The achievements of railways and ongoing projects
years in different fields i.e. construction of new lines, in the state of Jharkhand are being highlighted in the
doubling, development of stations etc. The central following tables.
and the state government are taking initiatives to
Table 9.54: Progress of railways from 2014-2022

SI.
Nature of Work Status
No.
1. New Line and Doubling/ Tripling Works
Average New Line works completed per year (in Km) 61
New line commissioned (in Km) 485
Average Doubling/ Tripling works completed per year (in Km) 55
Doubling/ Tripling works commissioned (Km) 439
2. Infrastructure
No. of Road over Bridges and Road Under Bridges completed 103
Average no. of Limited Height Subways constructed per year 29
Limited Height Subways Completed 235
3. Passenger Amenities
Foot Over Bridge (no.) 69
Platform Raising/ Extension (no.) 230
Platform Surfacing(no.) 191
Circulating Area Improvement(no.) 54
Platform Shelter(no.) 226
Yatri Ticket Suvidha Kendra (no.) 19
4. Security
No. of stations where CCTV have been installed 28
No. of CCTV Cameras Installed 814
No. of Children Rescued 2601
No. of stations with Dog Squad 5
No. of dogs deployed 8
5. Focus on Stations
286
SI.
Nature of Work Status
No.
No. of stations where Escalators are constructed 7
No. of Escalators Constructed 8
No. of stations where lift have been set up 8
No. of Lifts 15
No. of special toilets constructed for Divyangjan 186
No. of stations with water vending machine 16
No. of vending machine installed 47
No. of Stations with Wifi Facility 205
No. of POS Machine for cashless transactions 158
6. Boosting Jharkhand’s Economy
Total Freight Loading (Million tonnes) 1123.42
Total Originating Freight Revenue (in Crore) 1,19,520.24
7. Sustainability
No. of locations with provision of solar panels 26
Capacity of solar panel More than 1.78 MWp
LED Light installation All stations
Source: New Railways New Jharkhand (2014-2022*), Indian Railways
Oxygen Express Trains

PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) oxygen plants treatment of COVID 19 affected people. Oxygen
have been commissioned at railway hospitals in express trains were run towards Bangladesh also.
Ranchi, Chakradharpur, Tatanagar and Dhanbad. Altogether 219 Oxygen express trains were run from
Oxygen Express Trains were run from Tatanagar and different terminals of Jharkhand including Bokaro
Bokaro Steel City to different parts of the country and Tatanagar.
for supply of Liquid Medical Oxygen (LMO) forthe
Time Tabled Parcel Express Trains

The Indian railways arranged to run Time Tabled eggs, cotton goods, vegetables and other daily need
Parcel Express trains throughout the country since items. It covered the main cities of Jharkhand like
31st March, 2020. These Time Tabled Parcel Express Ranchi, Tatanagar and Dhanbad. It proved to be
Trains were run to maintain uninterrupted supply of of immense benefit to the people of Jharkhand by
essential commodities to every nook and corner of ensuring supply of essential commodities during the
the country. It carried food items, medicines, medical lockdown periods and onwards due to the outbreak of
equipment including PPE kits, fish, fruits, groceries, the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor is being length of 1,856 kms has 196 kms running through
constructed under the aegis of Dedicated Freight the state of Jharkhand. This corridor will immensely
Corridor Corporation of India Ltd. (DFCCIL). The boost the economy of the state, not only in the
Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor with a total route industrial sector but also for the common people as
287
well as rail users. This corridor will also cater to a Average speed of passenger trains on the Grand
number of vital traffic streams over Jharkhand and Chord Kumardubi-Dhanbad-Koderma section of
ease the movement of coal for the power plants. This Jharkhand on the Delhi - Howrah corridor will
includes the movement of coal from Eastern Coal increase considerably and help to operate passenger
Fields in Jharia region of Jharkhand, finished Steel trains at a maximum speed of upto 160 kmph. Utility
from Bokaro Steel Plant, cement and fertilizer from diversion work upto Gomoh is under progress and
various factories through junction arrangements to likely to be completed by December,2022. Estimate is
transfer traffic from the existing Indian Railways being prepared for utility diversion between Gomoh
Corridor to Dedicated Freight Corridor(DFC). and Pradhankhunta.
Table 9.55: Important Projects Commissioned since 2014 (till March 2022)
Sl. No. Section Length (in Km)
New Lines
1. Barkichanpi-Tori Extension 30
2. Koderma- Hazaribagh 80
3. Nawadih- Maheshmunda 77
4. Hazaribagh-Argada 54
5. Tatisilwai-Shanki 31
6. Tori-Shivpur 44
7. Hansdiha-Godda 32
Doubling/Tripling of Tracks
1. Chandrapura- Bhandaridah-Rajabera (D) 10
2. Rajkharswan-Sini (T) 17
3. Goilkera-Monoharpur(T) 28
4. Sini-Adityapur(T) 23
5. Bonidanga-Mirzacheuki(D) 57
6. Rajkharswan - Dangoaposi (T) 75
7. Monoharpur - Jaraikela (T) 12
8. Gomia - Dumri Bihar (D) 7
9. Danea - Ranchi Road (D) 25
10. Bhurkunda - Patratu (D) 9
11. Karra - Govindpur (D) 12
12. Garhwa Road - Nagar Untari (D) 45
13. Chakradharpur - Goilkera (T) 34
14. Rajkharswan - Chakradharpur (T) 20
288

15. Ranchi Road - Bhurkunda (D) 16
16. Dumri Bihar - Danea 11
17. Balsiring - Lodhma (D) 10
18. Lodhma - Karra (D) 13
19. Chakulia - Kanimohuli( T) 6
Table 9.56: Important Ongoing Projects and Sanctioned Works

New Lines
1. Namkom - Kandra 106
2. Parasnath-Madhuban-Giridih 35
3. Koderma - Ranchi 202
4. Koderma - Tilaiya 65
5. Chitra-Basukinath 38
Link Lines
Lodhma - Piska line bypassing Hatia/Ranchi with “Y”
1. 17
connection
Doubling/Tripling of Tracks
1. Bondamunda – Ranchi(D) 158
2. Ranchi Road – Patratu(D) 32
3. Garhwa Road – Ramna(D) 32
4. Jarangdih – Danea(D) 29
5. TalgoriaStaion - Bokaro N Cabin(D) 32
6. Muri – Barkakana(D) 58
7. Pradhankhunta - Pathardih Bazar – Bhojudih(D) 17
8. Chakulia - Adityapur of Kharagpur – Adityapur(T) 77
9. Chandil - Anara - Burnpur with additional loop lines(T) 13
10. Patratu-Garhwa Road(T) 200
289
Status of Existing Railway Projects
1. Pirpainti-Jasidih (excluding GoddaHansdiha)Rail Line
• Hansdiha- Jasidih rail section: Land acquisition acquisition process is kept on hold due to
for this rail section in Dumka-Deoghar district coal block in the alignment. Also, GOJ has
is under process. requested Ministry of Railway to construct this
rail section with own fund or with the help of
• Pirpainti-Godda rail section: Presently land
Ministry of coal, GOI.
2. Ranchi-Koderma Rail Line

• Koderma to Barkakana and Ranchi to Sanki Barkakana- Sanki rail section and is likely to
rail section has been completed and train be completed by this year.
service has started. Work is under process for
3. Shivpur-Kathotia Line
• It is being constructed by Jharkhand Central and forest clearance process are going on for
Railway Limited. Currently land acquisition installation of this line.
Civil Aviation
The civil aviation provides fast and easy mobility. aviation infrastructure connects remote segments of
It promotes economic growth, better living the state and enables a quick response when extreme
standard,trade and tourism in the state. Additionally, man-made or natural events occurs.
Table 9.57: Status of Civil Aviation in Jharkhand (2022-2023)
Sl. No. Parameter Status
Jharkhand Civil Aviation Policy is under drafting stage
Development of Airport in Sahebganj.

New initiatives or policies
1. Establishment of state-run CPL training institute at
undertaken for development
Dumka
Incorporation of Jharkhand flying institute for training

related activities.
Number of flights scheduled from 33 Flights as on 30.09.2022 (15% increase from last
2.
Jharkhand (increase decrease) year)
Ranchi to Lucknow
3. New destinations added Ahemedabad and Pune
Deoghar to Kolkata and New Delhi

Source: Transport (Civil Aviation) Department, GoJ
290
Conclusion
The implementation of central government’s initiatives meet the energy scenario of the state with the help
is successful in Jharkhand with the coordination and of state and central government schemes mentioned
efficiency of the state administration and governance. in the chapter. Transportation is crucial to provide
A large section of population faces the issue in these two infrastructural services to the remotest
accessing the services provided by the government. area of the state. The transportation facilities have
Through National E Governance and its components, geared up to reach and connect far flung areas of
delivery of the services to consumers and businesses Jharkhand. The total length of roadways and railway
have become free from red tapism and accessible at lines has extended in the FY 2022-2023. It is evident
all levels across the state. Due to this, digital divide that digital literacy along with better transportation
in Jharkhand has declined in governance, education, and energy security provides an adequate condition
health and other private services. With the help of for entrepreneurships and businesses to bloom and
SEEI, performance of state utilities, progress and support the state economy and hence Jharkhand has a
scope of green initiatives are scored. Jharkhand prospect to enhance the progress of its infrastructure
being endowed with rich energy sources, renewable and communication services.
and non-renewable, has a scope of improvement and
291
Chapter 10
Labour and Employment
293
As per a number of indicators, the labour market has narrowed down over the years. The LFPR and
condition in the Jharkhand is better than the national WPR of the females, though less than those of the
average. In comparison to the national level, the males, have grown faster than them indicating a
Labour force Particaipation Rate (LFPR) and Worker growing feminization of labour and work force.
Population (WPR) of Jharkhand are high and the There is paucity of jobs that offer wages/salaries on
unemployment rate is low. In the last four years, a regular basis as a result most of the workers are
while the LFPR and WPR increased in the state the either casual workers or self-employed. Although the
rate of unemployment has decreased. rate of unemployment has gone down over the years,
more than half of workers do not get social security
The LFPR and WPR are not only high
benefits. The government of Jharkhand has taken
in the state but have also grown at a
several initiatives both, for providing employment
fast rate. The WPR in the state has grown faster
to the unemployed and to improve the working and
than the LFPR and thus the gap between the two
living condition of those who are already employed.
Labour Force Participation Rate - Usual status (Principal Status and Subsidiary Status)
All those people who are either working (employed) status of that person. If such a person, in addition to
or are willing or available for work are the labour force his/her usual principal activity, also pursues some
of an economy. It refers to that part of the population economic activity for 30 days or more during this
which offers its labour for pursuing economic activities period of 365 days, such activities are categorised
to produce goods and services and therefore, includes as subsidiary status of the person along with his/her
both ‘employed’ and ‘unemployed’ persons. The principal status (Usual Status (PS+SS).
Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) is defined
The labour market related data, which include data
as a percentage of labour in the total population.
regarding labour and work force, employment,
In the labour force surveys, the activity status of a occupational structure, intensity of work, wages and
person is determined on the basis of the activities earnings, unemployment rate, etc., are collected in the
pursued by him/her during a certain specified country by the National Sample Survey Organisation
reference period. The activity status determined (NSSO). Since 2017-18, it is being collected by the
on the basis of the reference period of the last 365 NSSO through its Periodic Labour Force Survey
days preceding the date of the survey is known as (PLFS)1, annually for both the rural and the urban
the usual activity status of the person, that which is areas, and quarterly for the urban areas only. The
determined on the basis of a reference period of the PLFS provides data related to all the important
last 7 days preceding the date of survey is known as parameters of employment and unemployment in the
the current weekly status (CWS) of the person and country and its states and like other surveys of the
the activity status which is determined for each day NSSO it is also available at the unit level.
of the reference week is known as the current daily
In Jharkhand, the labour Force Participation Rate
status (CDS).
(LFPR) has been lower among the females in
Within the usual status, the activity status on which comparison to that of the males. This is because
a person spends relatively long time (major time the females face several social restrictions on
criterion) during the 365 days preceding the date movement and work participation, are usually less
of survey, is considered the usual principal activity skilled than their male counterparts and have to
1 So far 4 annual rounds of PLFS data and reports have been released by Ministry of Statistics and Programme
Implementation (MoSPI). The first annual report pertaining to the period of July 2017-18 to June 2018 was released in May
2019, the second annual report (July 2018 to June 2019) was released in June 2020, the third annual report (July 2019- June
2020) was released in July 2021 and the fourth annual report (July 2020-June 2021) has been released in June 2022. Besides
annual reports, PLFS has also released quarterly reports. So far quarterly reports providing data related with different
parameters of employment for the urban areas have been released till the April to June quarter 2022.
Before PLFS, authentic data regarding employment and unemployment in the country was provided by NSSO every fifth year
through its quinquenial rounds.
295
shoulder the burden of household related works. because of the unavailability of opportunities to
Their participation in economic activities mostly remain outside the labour force for purposes of
cause an extra burden on them as they not only pursuing studies, higher studies, skill training etc.,
have to earn but also have to discharge household a large percentage of the rural population have no
responsibilities. In many cases their participation option but to join the labour market.
in the labour market is triggered by the need to
The labour force participation rate in the state has
supplement their family income. The increase in the
increased over the years. It has grown at an average
LFPR of women, thus, is coupled with an increase
annual rate (CAGR) of 11.8 per cent between 2017-
not only in their emancipation and enhancement of
18 and 2020-21. While in the year 2017-18, the
skills, but also with an economic compulsion caused
labour force participation rate in all age groups
by insufficient household income.
was 31.2 per cent, it increased to 43.6 per cent in
The labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) in the the year 2020-21. Though the LFPR of both the
state has been higher in the rural areas than in the males and females in all age groups, both in the
urban areas. The reasons for high LFPR among the rural and the urban areas has increased, that of the
people in the rural areas can be attributed to the females has increased faster than that of the males;
high incidence of poverty and lack of opportunities the highest increase has been recorded among the
to remain outside the labour force. As is well females of the rural areas. An analysis of year-on-
understood that the poor cannot afford to remain year growth shows that the LFPR has grown at a
outside the labour and the work force for a long time, higher rate between the years 2018-19 and 2019-20
a large percentage of the rural population joins the than between the years 2017-18 and 2018-19 (See
labour market and that too at an early age. Similarly, Figure 10.1 and Tables 10.1 and 10.2).
Figure 10.1: The Labour Force Participation Rate by Usual Status

(PS+SS) Rural + Urban of all Ages
Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey Annual Report Respective rounds, NSSO, MoSPI, GoI.
296
Table 10.1: The Labour Force Participation Rate by Usual Status (PS+SS)
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
15 15
Year 15- 15 years 15 years
15-59 All 15-29 15-59 All 15-29 15-59 years All 15-29 15-59 years All
29 & &
years age years years age years years & age years years & age
years above above
above above
Rural Male 60.3 80.1 75.7 50.8 64 82.4 78.9 51.7 62.5 83.1 78.6 51.8 68.0 84.2 80.8 55.0
Female 12.0 16.6 15.7 10.9 17.1 25.8 23.4 15.5 28.5 44.8 41.2 29.3 37.3 54.6 51.1 36.0
Person 36.9 48.8 46.3 31.5 38.3 52.6 49.8 32.9 44.4 63.3 59.3 40.6 53.2 69.4 66.0 45.7
Urban Male 43.9 72.6 66.9 48.4 55.9 77.8 68.6 52.4 55.7 76.3 71.5 53.8 60.0 78.8 72.5 54.9
Female 11.3 15.3 14.3 10.8 8.0 12.8 11.8 9.3 14.7 17.4 15.5 12.5 14.9 19.8 18.5 14.4
Person 27.6 43.6 40.2 29.8 30.2 43.6 39.5 30.7 36.8 47.9 44.4 34.1 38.7 50.1 46.2 35.5
Rural Male 57.1 78.5 73.9 50.4 62.0 81.3 76.4 51.9 60.6 81.4 76.9 52.3 66.2 82.9 78.9 55.0
+
Urban Female 11.9 16.3 15.4 10.9 15.0 22.7 20.7 14.3 25.4 38.9 35.7 25.9 32.5 47.0 43.9 31.7
Person 35 47.7 45.1 31.2 36.4 50.5 47.4 32.4 42.5 59.8 55.9 39.3 50.0 65.1 61.6 43.6
Table 10.2: The growth in the Labour Force Participation Rate [Usual Status (PS+SS)]
Year on Year Growth CAGR between 2017-18 and
2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2020-21
Year
15 years 15 years 15 years 15 years
15-29 15-59 All 15-29 15-59 All 15-29 15-59 All 15-29 15-59 All
& & & &
years years age years years age years years age years years age
above above above above
Male 6.1 2.9 4.2 1.8 -2.3 0.8 -0.4 0.2 8.8 1.3 2.8 6.2 4.1 1.7 2.2 2.7
Rural Female 42.5 55.4 49.0 42.2 66.7 73.6 76.1 89.0 30.9 21.9 24.0 22.9 45.9 48.7 48.2 48.9
Person 3.8 7.8 7.6 4.4 15.9 20.3 19.1 23.4 19.8 9.6 11.3 12.6 13.0 12.5 12.5 13.2
Male 27.3 7.2 2.5 8.3 -0.4 -1.9 4.2 2.7 7.7 3.3 1.4 2.0 11.0 2.8 2.7 4.3
Urban Female -29.2 -16.3 -17.5 -13.9 83.8 35.9 31.4 34.4 1.4 13.8 19.4 15.2 9.7 9.0 9.0 10.1
Person 9.4 0.0 -1.7 3.0 21.9 9.9 12.4 11.1 5.2 4.6 4.1 4.1 11.9 4.7 4.7 6.0
Male 8.6 3.6 3.4 3.0 -2.3 0.1 0.7 0.8 9.2 1.8 2.6 5.2 5.1 1.8 2.2 3.0
Rural
+ Female 26.1 39.3 34.4 31.2 69.3 71.4 72.5 81.1 28.0 20.8 23.0 22.4 39.8 42.3 41.8 42.7
Urban
Person 4.0 5.9 5.1 3.8 16.8 18.4 17.9 21.3 17.6 8.9 10.2 10.9 12.6 10.9 11.0 11.8
The LFPR in Jharkhand and India: The overall rural areas is 69.5 per cent higher than the females
LFPR of Jharkhand is more than the national average. at the national level in the age group 15 to 29 years,
The Periodic Labour Force Survey conducted during 39.3 per cent higher in that of 15 to 59 years, 40 per
July 2020 and June 2021 reveals that the LFPR of cent higher in that of 15 years and above and 30 per
Jharkhand is higher than the country average in the cent higher in all age group. The LFPR of males of
rural areas but less than it in the urban areas. the rural areas, on the other hand, is only 12.2 per
cent higher than the males of the country in the age
In the rural areas the LFPR of Jharkhand is more than
group 15 to 29 years, 3.4 per cent higher in the age
the national average in all age groups and also among
group of 15 to 59 years, 3.5 per cent higher in that
both, the males and the females. The difference
of 15 years and above and 3.7 per cent less in all age
between the two, however, is much higher among the
group.
females than the males. The LFPR of females of the
297
In the urban areas the situation is just the opposite. years and above and 22.6 per cent less all age group.
Except for the males of the age group of 15 to 29 The LFPR of the urban males is 1.7 per cent higher
years, the LFPR of all others (both males and females than the males of the country in the age group 15 to
of all age groups) is higher in India than in Jharkhand. 29 years, 2.6 per cent less than the males in the age
The difference between the two, in urban areas too, group of 15 to 59 years, 2.8 per cent less in the age
is much higher among the females than the males. group of 15 years and above and 8 per cent less in
While in the urban areas the LFPR of females is 21.6 all age group. The difference between the LFPR of
per cent less than the females of the country in the Jharkhand and India is evident from the table 10.4
age group 15 to 29 years, 23.3 per cent less in that and graph 10.2.
of 15 to 59 years, 20.3 per cent less in that of 15
Table 10.3: Labour Force Participation Rate in Jharkhand and India according to Usual Status
(PS+SS) During July 2020 to June 2021
(In per cent)
Jharkhand All India
15-29 15-59 15 years & All Age 15-29 15-59 15 years & All Age
years years above years years above
Rural Male 68.0 84.2 80.8 55.0 60.6 81.4 78.1 57.1
Female 37.3 54.6 51.1 36.0 22.0 39.2 36.5 27.7
Person 53.2 69.4 66.0 45.7 42.0 60.4 57.4 42.7
Urban Male 60.0 78.8 72.5 54.9 59.0 80.9 74.6 58.4
Female 14.9 19.8 18.5 14.4 19.0 25.8 23.2 18.6
Person 38.7 50.1 46.2 35.5 39.9 53.7 49.1 38.9
Rural + Male 66.2 82.9 78.9 55.0 60.1 81.2 77.0 57.5
Urban
Female 32.5 47.0 43.9 31.7 21.1 35.2 32.5 25.1
Person 50.0 65.1 61.6 43.6 41.4 58.4 54.9 41.6
Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey Annual Report2 June 2022, NSSO, MoSPI, GoI.
Table 10.4: The Difference between LFPR of Jharkhand and India according to Usual Status (PS+SS)
During July 2020 to June 2021
(In per cent)
Age Group
15-29 years 15-59 years 15 years & above All Age
Male 12.2 3.4 3.5 -3.7
Rural Female 69.5 39.3 40.0 30.0
Person 26.7 14.9 15.0 7.0
Male 1.7 -2.6 -2.8 -6.0
Urban Female -21.6 -23.3 -20.3 -22.6
Person -3.0 -6.7 -5.9 -8.7
2 The Survey was conducted between July 2020 to June 2021 and published in June 2022.
298
Age Group
15-29 years 15-59 years 15 years & above All Age
Male 12.2 3.4 3.5 -3.7
Rural +
Female 69.5 39.3 40.0 30.0
Urban
Person 26.7 14.9 15.0 7.0
Figure 10.2: LFPR Comparison between Jharkhand and India according to Usual Status (PS+SS)
15 to 29 years age group 15 to 59 years age group
15 and above years age group All age Group
4 The Survey was conducted between July 2020 to June 2021 and published in June 2022
.
299
Worker- Population-ratio
As in the case of LFPR, the Worker Population Ratio than that of the males; the highest increase has been
(WPR) of both the males and the females in all the recorded by the females of the rural areas.
age categories is higher in the rural areas than in the
An analysis of the year-on-year growth shows that
urban areas. This is because of a larger presence of
the WPR has grown at a higher rate between the years
the poor in the rural areas than in the urban areas. It
2018-19 and 2019-20, and 2019-20 and 2020-21 than
has been widely observed that the WPR of poor is
between the years 2017-18 and 2018-19. Between
supposed to be higher than those who are relatively
the years 2017-18 and 2018-19 the WPR of females
well off. Those who are well off, can afford to wait for
of the urban areas decreased in all age groups. The
a decent work of their choice while the poor cannot
highest contraction took place in the age group 15 to
afford to remain unemployed for long. Many of the
29 years. However, it recovered in the years 2019-20
workers of rural areas, especially those working on
and 2020-21 (See Tables 10.5 and 10.6).
their family farm as unpaid family workers, may be
disguisedly unemployed. Both in the urban and the The WPR has grown faster than the LFPR in the
rural areas, the WPR of females is much less than period from 2017-18 to 2020-21. As a result, the
their male counter parts. The reasons for low WPR of gap between the two has narrowed down. While
women are the same as those which are behind their the LFPR of the persons in all age group grew at an
low LFPR. average annual rate of 11.8 per cent, the WPR grew
at the rate of 13.6 per cent in the same period. As a
The WPR in the state in all age group, has grown at an
result, while the LFPR of persons of all age groups
average annual rate (CAGR) of 13.6 per cent between
was 7.7 per cent higher than the WPR of the same
2017-18 and 2020-21. While in the year 2017-18, the
category of people in the year 2017-18, it decreased
WPR in all age group was 27.9 per cent, it increased
to 3.2 per cent in the year 2020-21. The gap between
to 42.2 per cent in the year 2020-21. Though, on an
the LFPR and WPR has decreased more for the males
average, the WPR of both the males and the females
of the rural areas than the males of the urban areas or
in all age groups, both in the rural and the urban areas
females of the rural and the urban areas. It is evident
has increased, that of the females has increased faster
from figure 10.3.
Table 10.5: The Worker Population Ratio by Usual Status (PS+SS)

2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
Year 15 15
15 years 15 years
15-29 15-59 All 15-29 15-59 All 15-29 15-59 years All 15-29 15-59 years All
& &
years years age years years age years years & age years years & age
above above
above above
Rural Male 48.5 73.6 70.1 46.9 54.3 77.4 74.5 48.7 54.6 78.9 75.0 49.5 63.1 81.4 78.4 53.4
Female 10.6 15.9 15.1 10.5 16.8 25.6 23.3 15.4 28.1 44.7 41.1 29.2 37.2 54.5 51.0 36.0
Person 30.1 45.2 43.2 29.2 33.8 50.2 47.6 31.4 40.5 61.2 57.5 39.4 50.6 68.0 64.7 44.8
Urban Male 30.4 64.9 60.1 43.4 43.7 70.7 62.6 47.9 43.8 68.5 64.6 48.6 46.0 70.6 65.3 49.5
Female 7.8 13.5 12.6 9.6 5.7 11.7 10.8 8.5 11.0 15.7 14.0 11.3 12.1 18.3 17.2 13.5
Person 19.1 38.8 36 26.7 23.3 39.7 36.1 28.0 28.7 43.0 40.1 30.9 29.9 45.2 41.9 32.2
Rural Male 44.9 71.8 68.1 46.2 51.7 75.8 71.6 48.5 51.7 76.4 72.5 49.3 59.3 79.0 75.4 52.6
+
Urban Female 10 15.4 14.6 10.3 14.2 22.3 20.4 14.0 24.3 38.3 35.2 25.6 31.7 46.6 43.6 31.5
Person 27.9 43.9 41.7 28.8 31.3 47.7 44.9 30.7 37.6 57.0 53.6 37.6 46.1 62.9 59.6 42.2
300
Table 10.6: The growth in the WPR [Usual Status (PS+SS)]
CAGR between 2017-18 and
Year on Year Growth
2020-21
2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
Year
15
15 years 15 years 15 years
15-29 15-59 All 15-29 15-59 years All 15-29 15-59 All 15-29 15-59 All
& & &
years years age years years & age years years age years years age
above above above
above
Male 12.0 5.2 6.3 3.8 0.6 1.9 0.7 1.6 15.6 3.2 4.5 7.9 9.2 3.4 3.8 4.4
Rural Female 58.5 61.0 54.3 46.7 67.3 74.6 76.4 89.6 32.4 21.9 24.1 23.3 52.0 50.8 50.0 50.8
Person 12.3 11.1 10.2 7.5 19.8 21.9 20.8 25.5 24.9 11.1 12.5 13.7 18.9 14.6 14.4 15.3
Male 43.8 8.9 4.2 10.4 0.2 -3.1 3.2 1.5 5.0 3.1 1.1 1.9 14.8 2.8 2.8 4.5
Urban Female -26.9 -13.3 -14.3 -11.5 93.0 34.2 29.6 32.9 10.0 16.6 22.9 19.5 15.8 10.7 10.9 12.0
Person 22.0 2.3 0.3 4.9 23.2 8.3 11.1 10.4 4.2 5.1 4.5 4.2 16.1 5.2 5.2 6.4
R u r a l Male 15.1 5.6 5.1 5.0 0.0 0.8 1.3 1.6 14.7 3.4 4.0 6.7 9.7 3.2 3.5 4.4
+ Female 42.0 44.8 39.7 35.9 71.1 71.7 72.5 82.9 30.5 21.7 23.9 23.0 46.9 44.6 44.0 45.2
Urban Person 12.2 8.7 7.7 6.6 20.1 19.5 19.4 22.5 22.6 10.4 11.2 12.2 18.2 12.7 12.6 13.6
Figure 10.3: LFPR and WPR at Usual Status (PS+SS) of males and females of rural and urban areas
over the years
15 to 29 years age Group
15 to 59 years age group
301
All Age Group (0+ Age Group)
Figure 10.3 reveals that both the LFPR and the WPR between the years 2017-18 and 2020-21, as shown
has increased over the years but the gap between the in the Table 10.7, shows that in comparison to the
two has narrowed down. It indicates that the WPR LFPR, the WPR has grown at the fastest rate in the
has grown faster than the LFPR. The gap between the age group of 15 to 29 years indicating a growing
LFPR and the WPR of females, both in the rural and convergence between the two in this age group. It
the urban areas, is almost negligible indicating who shows that in this age group, at the usual status, the
ever among them are available for work get absorbed supply of labour is increasingly getting absorbed
either in principal capacity or in subsidiary capacity. either in principal capacity or in subsidiary capacity.
In the other age groups, the gap between the two may
A comparison between the CAGR of LFPR and WPR
persist for some more time.
Table 10.7: The CAGR of LFPR and WPR between the years 2017-18 and 2020-21
CAGR of LFPR CAGR of WPR
15-29 15-59 15 years & 15-29 15-59 15 years &

All age All age
Male 4.1 1.7 2.2 2.7 9.2 3.4 3.8 4.4

Rural Female 45.9 48.7 48.2 48.9 52.0 50.8 50.0 50.8
Person 13.0 12.5 12.5 13.2 18.9 14.6 14.4 15.3
Male 11.0 2.8 2.7 4.3 14.8 2.8 2.8 4.5
Urban Female 9.7 9.0 9.0 10.1 15.8 10.7 10.9 12.0
Person 11.9 4.7 4.7 6.0 16.1 5.2 5.2 6.4
Male 5.1 1.8 2.2 3.0 9.7 3.2 3.5 4.4
Rural +
Female 39.8 42.3 41.8 42.7 46.9 44.6 44.0 45.2
Urban
Person 12.6 10.9 11.0 11.8 18.2 12.7 12.6 13.6
302
The WPR in Jharkhand and India: The overall cent less in all age group.
WPR of Jharkhand is more than the national average.
In the urban areas, the situation is just the opposite.
The Periodic Labour Force Survey conducted during
The WPR of both the males and the females of all
July, 2020 and June, 2021 reveals that the WPR of
age groups is higher in India than in Jharkhand.
Jharkhand is higher than the country average in the
The difference between the two, in urban areas too,
rural areas but less than it in the urban areas.
is much higher among the females than the males.
In the rural areas, the WPR of Jharkhand is more than While in the urban areas the WPR of females is 15.4
the country average in all age groups and both among per cent less than the females of the country in the
the males and the females. The difference between age group 15 to 29 years, 21.8 per cent less in that of
the two, however, is much higher among the females 15 to 59 years, 18.9 per cent less in that of 15 years
than the males. The WPR of females of the rural areas and above and 20.6 per cent less in all age group. The
is 84.2 per cent higher than the females of the country WPR of the urban males of Jharkhand is 6.5 per cent
in the age group 15 to 29 years, 41.9 per cent higher less than the males of the country in the age group 15
in that of 15 to 59 years, 42.5 per cent higher in that to 29 years, 6.7 per cent less than the males in the age
of 15 years and above and 32.8 per cent higher in all group of 15 to 59 years, 6.7 per cent less in the age
age group. The LFPR of males of the rural areas, on group of 15 years and above and 9.8 per cent less in
the other hand, is only 17.7 per cent higher than the all age group. The difference between the WPR of
males of the country in the age group 15 to 29 years, Jharkhand and that of India is quite evident from the
4.5 per cent higher in that of 15 to 59 years, 4.4 per table 10.8 and the figure 10.4.
cent higher in that of 15 years and above and 2.7 per
Table 10.8: Worker Population Ratio (WPR) according to the Usual Principal and the Subsidiary
status (US+SS)
(In per cent)
Jharkhand All India
Year 15 years 15- 15 years

15-29 15-59 All 15-29
& 59 & All Age
years years Age years
above years above
Male 63.1 81.4 78.4 53.4 53.6 77.9 75.1 54.9
Rural Female 37.2 54.5 51.0 36.0 20.2 38.4 35.8 27.1
Person 50.6 68.0 64.7 44.8 37.5 58.2 55.5 41.3
Male 46.0 70.6 65.3 49.5 49.2 75.7 70.0 54.9
Urban Female 12.1 18.3 17.2 13.5 14.3 23.4 21.2 17.0
Person 29.9 45.2 41.9 32.2 32.6 49.9 45.8 36.3
Male 59.3 79.0 75.4 52.6 52.3 77.2 73.5 54.9
Rural
+ Female 31.7 46.6 43.6 31.5 18.5 33.9 31.4 24.2
Urban
Person 46.1 62.9 59.6 42.2 36.1 55.7 52.6 39.8
303
Figure 10.4: The Comparison of the Worker Population Ratio between Jharkhand and India - Usual
Status (PS+SS)
Workers by Broad Status of Employment

As at the national level, most of the workers in the This indicates that there exists a paucity of jobs which
state are self-employed and very few are employed offer regular wage/salary in the state. Only 12.3 per
on a regular wage/ salary. However, the percentage of cent of the workers in the state are employed in jobs
the self-employed workers is higher in the state than giving them regular wages and salaries, while a
in the country and the workers who are on regular huge 69.9 per cent of the workers are self-employed.
wage/salary is lower in the state than in the country. About 18 per cent work as casual workers. On the
304
other hand, at the national level, 21.1 per cent of the In comparison to the male workers, the female
workers are getting regular wage/salary, 55.6 per workers in the state are mostly self-employed, that
cent are self-employed and 23.3 per cent are casual too as helpers in household enterprises. About 86
workers. per cent of the female workers in the state are self-
employed – of this only about 20 per cent are own
Both in the state and in the country, the percentage account workers7 or employers, rest 66 per cent work
of self-employed is higher and that of regular wage/ as helpers in the household enterprises. Both among
salary workers is lower in the rural areas than in the male and the female workers, the proportion of
the urban areas. In Jharkhand, while the percentage self-employed workers is much higher in the rural
of self employed in the rural area is 74.6 per cent, areas than in the urban areas. While the percentage of
it is 44.6 per cent in the urban area. In India it is male and female workers in the rural areas is 66.4 per
64.8 per cent and 39.6 per cent in the rural and the cent and 90.1 per cent respectively, their percentage
urban areas, respectively. The regular wage/ salary in the urban area is 43.7 per cent and 48 per cent,
workers, on the other hand are only 7.3 per cent in respectively. However, in comparison to the male
the rural areas of Jharkhand, while it is 39.6 per cent workers, the female workers are mostly employed as
in the urban areas of the state. At the country level, helpers in household enterprises. While a substantial
it is 12.1 per cent and 46.4 per cent respectively in 70.2 per cent of the female workers of the rural areas
the rural and the urban areas. The paucity of jobs and 22.3 per cent of such workers of the urban areas
offering regular wages in the rural areas is the reason are engaged as helpers in the household enterprises,
behind it. In absence of such type of employment, a mere 16.5 per cent of the male workers of the rural
many workers resort to self-employment. Some of areas and 5.2 per cent of such workers of the urban
such self-employed workers in the rural areas may be areas are engaged as helpers.
disguisedly unemployed too.
Table 10.9: Percentage Distribution of Workers in Usual Status (PS+SS) by broad Status in
Employment for each State/UT
Jharkhand

Rural Urban Rural + Urban

Male Female Persons Male Female Persons Male Female Persons
1 Self Employed 64.4 90.1 74.6 43.7 48.0 44.6 60.4 86.5 69.9
Own account worker, 47.9 19.8 36.8 38.5 25.7 35.9 46.1 20.3 36.7
1.1 employer
Helper in household 16.5 70.2 37.7 5.2 22.3 8.7 14.3 66.1 33.2
1.2 enterprise
2 Regular wage/ salary 9.8 3.5 7.3 39.7 39.4 39.6 15.6 6.6 12.3
3 Casual labour 25.8 6.4 18.1 16.7 12.6 15.8 24.0 6.9 17.8
All 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
India
1 Self Employed 59.7 64.8 61.3 39.9 38.4 39.5 53.9 59.4 55.6
Own account worker, 48.6 21.9 40.0 35.4 26.0 33.2 44.8 22.8 38.2
1.1 employer
7 Own account workers are those workers who control their enterprises and who don’t hire paid employee on a
continuous basis but may have assistance from contributing family workers.
305
Jharkhand


Helper in household 11.0 42.8 21.3 4.5 12.4 6.3 9.2 36.6 17.3
1.2 enterprise
2 Regular wage/ salary 13.6 9.1 12.1 45.3 50.1 46.4 22.7 17.4 21.1
3 Casual labour 26.8 26.2 26.6 14.9 11.5 14.1 23.3 23.2 23.3
All 100.0 100.0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Occupational Distribution of workers

Agriculture is the main labour absorbing sector of Jharkhand. absorbing sub-sector both in the rural and in the urban areas. This
About 55 per cent of the workers of the state are engaged in the alone absorbs about 16 per cent of the workers in both these areas.
agriculture sector. Since agriculture is mainly a rural occupation Manufacturing, being mostly concentrated in the urban areas,
most of these workers are employed in rural areas. In the rural absorbs about 14 per cent of the workers in the urban areas and
areas of Jharkhand about 60 per cent of the workers are engaged only about 6 per cent in the rural areas. Trade is an important
in agriculture, only about 5 per cent of the workers are engaged in constituent of the tertiary sector. It absorbs about 23 per cent of the
such activity in the urban areas of the state. In the urban areas of workers in the urban areas and about 5 per cent in the rural areas.
the state the workers are mostly engaged in tertiary sector or in the
Agriculture, on which most of the workers are dependent in the
secondary sector. About 58 per cent of the workers in the urban
rural areas of the state, is mostly mono-cropped and have low
areas of the state are engaged in tertiary sector and about 32 per
productivity. Most of these workers, therefore, either migrate
cent are engaged in the secondary sector.
during agriculturally lean season or lead a miserable life.
Unlike the urban areas, in the rural areas of the state only about 13 Diversification of the rural economy, through development of rural
per cent of the workers are engaged in the tertiary sector and about industries and other rural non-farm sector will not only improve its
24 per cent are engaged in the secondary sector. productivity but also the income and the standard of living of its
population in the state.
Within the secondary sector, construction is the major labour
Table 10.10: Occupational Distribution of Workers (2020-21)

Rural Urban Total (Rural + Urban)
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Agriculture 50.17 85.40 64.08 3.49 13.14 5.43 41.02 79.19 54.94
Mining & Quarrying 0.69 0.26 0.52 4.75 2.97 4.39 1.48 0.49 1.12
Manufacturing 6.79 4.30 5.81 13.67 17.23 14.38 8.14 5.41 7.14
Electricity and water supply 0.02 0 0.01 2.75 0.05 2.21 0.55 0.0 0.36
Construction 24.88 3.93 16.61 17.31 9.28 15.69 23.4 4.39 16.46
Secondary 31.69 8.23 22.43 33.73 26.56 32.28 32.09 9.80 23.96
Trade 7.04 2.36 5.19 25.41 15.63 23.44 10.64 3.50 8.03
Transport 4.64 0.00 2.81 9.69 1.49 8.04 5.63 0.13 3.62
Accommodation & food services 1.97 0.37 1.34 3.28 2.70 3.17 2.23 0.57 1.62
Other services 3.8 3.38 3.65 19.66 37.53 23.26 6.91 6.32 6.7
Tertiary 17.45 6.11 12.99 58.04 57.35 57.91 25.41 10.52 19.97
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
306
Table 10.11: Occupational Distribution of Workers (2017-18)
Rural Urban Total (Rural + Urban)
Agriculture 51.2 75.55 55.43 6.34 5.3 6.16 43.33 62.91 46.75
Mining & Quarrying 1.23 0.26 1.06 3.93 1.26 3.45 1.70 0.44 1.48
Manufacturing 5.46 8.71 6.02 22.33 15.85 21.17 8.42 10.00 8.69
Electricity and water supply 0.24 0 0.2 1.57 1.96 1.64 0.48 0.35 0.45
Construction 21.8 6.33 19.11 15.09 19.32 15.84 20.62 8.67 18.54
Secondary 27.50 15.04 25.33 38.99 37.13 38.65 29.52 19.02 27.68
Trade 6.92 1.77 6.03 19.71 3.24 16.77 9.17 2.03 7.92
Transport 4.56 0.00 3.76 7.47 0.61 6.25 5.07 0.11 4.20
Accommodation & food services 1.55 0.20 1.31 3.24 1.75 2.97 1.84 0.48 1.61
Other services 8.6 7.38 8.37 23.56 52.46 28.72 11.22 15.48 11.96
Tertiary 21.63 9.35 19.47 53.98 58.06 54.71 27.30 18.10 25.69
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey Annual Report July 2017 to June 2018, NSSO, MoSPI, GoI.
Social Security Benefits

Social Security forms an integral part of a decent social security benefits from their employers. About
job. Workers who receive salary on regular basis, 53 per cent of the workers of the state are not eligible
are expected to be covered by the social security for paid leave, about 60 per cent of them do not have
provisions. However, many such workers in the state any social security benefit and about 44 per cent
do not receive any social security benefit. About 65 neither have written job contract nor do they avail
per cent of the regular salaried employees working any of the social security benefit. They are not even
in non-agricultural sector do not have a written job eligible for paid leaves.
contract which could have enhanced their claim for
Table 10.12: Percentage of Regular Wage/ Salaried Employees (RWS) in usual status (ps+ss) in the
Non-Agricultural Sector without Social Security Coverage
Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female Person
With no written job contract 79.3 61.7 76.0 54.4 51.1 53.8 66.9 56.2 64.8
Not eligible for paid leave 70.5 38.0 64.3 44.6 36.0 42.9 57.5 37.0 53.5
Without any social security
72.2 79.3 73.5 45.3 52.2 46.6 58.7 65.3 60.0
benefit
Not eligible for paid
leave, without written job
61.4 32.1 55.8 31.9 33.7 32.3 46.7 32.9 44.0
contract and without any
SSB
Source: PLFS 2020-21
A larger percentage of the Regular Salary Workers security benefits as compared to those working in
(RSW) working in the rural areas do not have a the urban areas. There is a difference in the working
written job contract and do not avail any social condition of the male and the female workers. Both
307
in the rural and the urban areas, a larger percentage counterparts. However, in comparison to the male
of male workers do not have a written job contract workers, a larger percentage of female workers avail
and are not eligible for paid leave like their female social security benefits (SSB).
Figure 10.5: Difference in Social Security coverage among the RSW Employees in usual Status (ps+ss)
in the Non-Agriculture Sector
Figure 10.6: Social Security Coverage among the RSW Employees in the usual Status (ps+ss) in Non-
Agriculture Sector over the years
The social security coverage of the regular salaried 60 per cent in the year 2020-21. The percentage of
workers has not increased over the years. The regular salaried workers having no written job contract
percentage of RSW not getting any social security has however decreased, though not very significantly,
benefit was 50 per cent in the year 2017-18, but it during this period. The percentage of workers not
increased to about 60 per cent in the year 2018-19 and eligible for paid leave, with the sole exception of the
about 68 per cent in the year 2019-20. It decreased to year 2019-20, has shown a declining trend.
308
Unemployment rate in Jharkhand
The overall unemployment in Jharkhand is not only In the rural areas, the rate of unemployment among the
less than the country average but has also declined females is not only less than that of the males but it has
over the years. also declined faster than them in the period between 2017-
18 and 2020-21. While the unemployment among the
Unemployment in Jharkhand in all (0+) age group
males was 7.7 per cent in the year 2017-18, it was merely
in the usual status (PS+SS) was as high as 7.7 per
3.8 per cent among the females. Between the period of
cent in the year 2017-18, which decreased to became
2017-18 and 2020-21, the unemployment rate among the
3.1 per cent in the year 2020-21. The unemployment
females declined at the average annual rate of 70 per cent
rate in all the age group, thus, has decreased at the
while that of the males decreased at the rate of 28.1 per
average annual rate (CAGR) of 26.2 per cent between
cent only. The low unemployment among the females of
the years 2017-18 and 2020-21. In this period the
the rural areas is because of their lower LFPR on one hand
unemployment rate in Jharkhand has declined in
and their higher participation in economic activities on the
all the age groups, both among the males and the
other hand. Most of the activities in the agricultural sector,
females in the rural as well as the urban areas.
the dominant sector of rural economy, is carried out by
The rate of unemployment is high in the urban areas the women workers. The back bending work of sowing,
for both the males and the females in all age groups weeding, and harvesting are mostly carried out by women
and for all the years between 2017-18 and 2020-21. workers. The less remunerative economic activities of the
One major reason for the high unemployment rate in rural economies are growingly becoming feminised as the
the urban areas is the capital-intensive nature of their male workers are shifting to more remunerative work in the
economic activities. The other reason can be that urban areas or in the rural non-farm sector.
those in the urban areas are economically better off
However, in the urban areas, despite low LFPR, the
and have higher education and, thus, wait for a longer
unemployment among the females, except for the
time for a suitable job while those in the rural areas,
year 2020-21, is either higher than or almost equal
being less educated and possessing less resources,
to that of the males. It became substantially less
cannot afford to wait for long. The unemployment
than that of the males in the year 2020-21 because
is high among the age group of 15 to 29 years but
of a higher annual rate of decrease (CAGR) in the
decreases with an increase in age. Those in the lower
unemployment rate among the females than the
age group wait for longer duration for a suitable job,
males in the period between 2017-18 and 2020-21.
but with advancing age, they become desperate and
compromise for less suitable jobs as well.
Figure 10. 7: Unemployment Rate among the Labourers of all Age Groups
Rural+ Urban areas
309
Rural Areas Urban Areas
Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, NSSO, MoSPI, GoI
Table 10.13: The Unemployment Rate by the Usual Status (PS+SS)

Year 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
15-29 15-59 15 years All 15-29 15-59 15 years All 15-29 15-59 15 years All 15-29 15-59 15 All
years years & age years years & age years years & age years years years age
&
Rural Male 19.6 8.1 7.4 7.8 15.1 6.1 5.5 5.8 12.6 5.0 4.5 4.5 7.2 3.2 3.0 2.9
Female 11.5 4.0 3.7 3.7 1.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1
Person 18.4 7.4 6.8 7.1 11.9 4.7 4.3 4.5 8.8 3.3 3.1 3.0 4.9 2.0 1.9 1.8
Urban Male 30.9 10.6 10.2 10.4 22 9 8.7 8.7 21.4 10.2 9.6 9.6 23.4 10.4 10.0 9.9
Female 31.5 12.2 11.5 11.5 28 8.7 8.4 8.4 24.8 9.9 9.8 9.5 18.9 7.3 6.8 6.8
Person 31 10.9 10.4 10.5 22.8 9 8.7 8.7 22.0 10.2 9.7 9.6 22.6 9.8 9.3 9.3
R u r a l Male 21.3 8.6 7.9 8.2 16.6 6.7 6.2 6.4 14.8 6.2 5.7 5.6 10.5 4.8 4.4 4.4
+
Urban Female 15.5 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.1 1.7 1.6 1.6 4.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 2.2 0.8 0.7 0.7
Person 20.4 8.1 7.5 7.7 14 5.5 5.2 5.3 11.6 4.6 4.2 4.2 7.9 3.4 3.1 3.1
Table 10.14: Changes in the Unemployment Rate over the years by the Usual Status (PS+SS)
Year 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 CAGR between 2017-18
and 2020-21
15-29 15-59 15 years All 15-29 15-59 15 years All 15-29 15-59 15 years All 15-29 15-59 15 years All
years years & age years years & age years years & age years years & age
Rural Male -23.0 -24.7 -25.7 -25.6 -16.6 -18.0 -18.2 -22.4 -42.9 -36.0 -33.3 -35.6 -28.4 -26.6 -26.0 -28.1
Female -83.5 -85.0 -83.8 -83.8 -26.3 -33.3 -33.3 -33.3 -71.4 -75.0 -75.0 -75.0 -67.4 -70.8 -70.0 -70.0
Person -35.3 -36.5 -36.8 -36.6 -26.1 -29.8 -27.9 -33.3 -44.3 -39.4 -38.7 -40.0 -35.7 -35.3 -34.6 -36.7
Urban Male -28.8 -15.1 -14.7 -16.3 -2.7 13.3 10.3 10.3 9.3 2.0 4.2 3.1 -8.9 -0.6 -0.7 -1.6
Female -11.1 -28.7 -27.0 -27.0 -11.4 13.8 16.7 13.1 -23.8 -26.3 -30.6 -28.4 -15.7 -15.7 -16.1 -16.1
Person -26.5 -17.4 -16.3 -17.1 -3.5 13.3 11.5 10.3 2.7 -3.9 -4.1 -3.1 -10.0 -3.5 -3.7 -4.0
310
Year 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 CAGR between 2017-18

and 2020-21
15-29 15-59 15 years All 15-29 15-59 15 years All 15-29 15-59 15 years All 15-29 15-59 15 years All
years years & age years years & age years years & age years years & age
R u r a l Male -22.1 -22.1 -21.5 -22.0 -10.8 -7.5 -8.1 -12.5 -29.1 -22.6 -22.8 -21.4 -21.0 -17.7 -17.7 -18.7
+
Urban Female -67.1 -69.6 -69.2 -69.2 -13.7 -23.5 -18.8 -18.8 -50.0 -38.5 -46.2 -46.2 -47.8 -47.7 -48.7 -48.7
Person -31.4 -32.1 -30.7 -31.2 -17.1 -16.4 -19.2 -20.8 -31.9 -26.1 -26.2 -26.2 -27.1 -25.1 -25.5 -26.2
The Unemployment in Jharkhand and India: The all (0+) age group.
unemployment in Jharkhand (‘rural’ and ‘urban’ taken
In the urban areas, the unemployment rate of males
together) is less than that of the country average. The
in the state is higher than the males of the country.
Annual Report of the PLFS (July 2020 - June 2021)
However, among the females, it is less than that of
reveals that the unemployment in Jharkhand is less than the
the females countrywide. While unemployment rate
country average in the rural areas but more than it in the
of males is 41 per cent more than the males of the
urban areas.
country in the age group 15 to 29 years, 62.5 per cent
In the rural areas the unemployment rate of Jharkhand more in the age group of 15 to 59 years, 63.9 per cent
is less than the country average in all age groups and more in the age group of 15 years and above and 62.3
both among the males and the females. The difference per cent more in all age group, that of the urban
between the two, however, is much higher among the females is 24.1 per cent less than the females of the
females than the males. The rate of unemployment country in the age group 15 to 29 years, 19.8 per cent
of females of the rural areas is about 95 per cent less less than that of the age group of 15 to 59 years,
than the females of the country in all the age groups. 20.9 per cent less in the age group of 15 years and
However, among the males of this area, it is 37.9 above and in all age groups. The difference between
per cent less than the males of the country in the age the rates of unemployment of Jharkhand and India is
group 15 to 29 years, 25.6 per cent less in the age evident from the table 10.11 and figure 10.6.
group of 15 to 59 years, 21.1 per cent less in the age
group of 15 years and above and 25.6 per cent less in
Table 10.15: Unemployment Rate (UR) according to the Usual Status (PS+SS)
(In per cent)
Jharkhand All India
Year 15-29 15-59 15 years & 15-29 15-59 15 years &
All Age All Age
Rural Male 7.2 3.2 3.0 2.9 11.6 4.3 3.8 3.9
Female 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 8.2 2.2 2.1 2.1
Person 4.9 2.0 1.9 1.8 10.7 3.6 3.3 3.3
Urban Male 23.4 10.4 10.0 9.9 16.6 6.4 6.1 6.1
Female 18.9 7.3 6.8 6.8 24.9 9.1 8.6 8.6
Person 22.6 9.8 9.3 9.3 18.5 7.1 6.7 6.7
Rural + Male 10.5 4.8 4.4 4.4 13.0 4.9 4.5 4.5
Urban
Female 2.2 0.8 0.7 0.7 12.5 3.7 3.5 3.5
Person 7.9 3.4 3.1 3.1 12.9 4.6 4.2 4.2
311
Figure 10.8: Unemployment Rate Comparison Between Jharkhand and India Usual Status (US+SS)
Unemployment among the Educated: among those having education up to primary level and 2.5 per cent
Unemployment as per the usual principal and among those educated up to the middle school level. The incidence
subsidiary status is high among the educated and low of ‘high educated unemployment’ is present both in the rural and
among the illiterates and those having low educational the urban areas and both in the state and the country. The reason
attainments. While the unemployment rate is only 0.3 per cent for ‘high educated unemployment’ is paucity of jobs meant for
among the illiterates, it is as high as 30.4 per cent among those the educated on the one hand and the limitations of the current
having diploma and certificates, 10.6 per cent among the graduates education pattern which has failed to bridge the gap between the
and 13.3 per cent among those having post-graduation and above availability of skilled and educated persons and the corresponding
levels of education. Unemployment is also as low as 2.4 per cent needs of skilled manpower the economy on the other hand.
312
Table 10.16: Unemployment Rate (UR) (in %) according to the usual status (ps+ss) for persons of age
15 years and above of different general education level for Jharkhand and all India
Jharkhand All India

Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Not literate 0.4 0.0 0.2 4.6 0.0 2.5 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.3 2.1 0.3 1.3 0.8 0.1 0.4
Literate & up to
3.3 0.0 2.3 4.1 0.0 3.2 3.4 0.0 2.4 1.8 0.2 1.3 2.3 0.6 1.9 1.9 0.3 1.4
primary
Middle 3.3 0.0 2.5 3.2 0.0 2.8 3.3 0.0 2.5 2.6 0.8 2.2 3.7 2.6 3.5 2.9 1.1 2.5
Secondary 5.7 0.0 4.0 8.7 0.0 7.8 6.6 0.0 5.0 4.2 1.5 3.6 4.3 3.2 4.2 4.2 1.9 3.8
Higher
4.2 0.0 3.3 8.8 13.8 9.5 5.3 2.1 4.7 6.1 4.8 5.9 7.9 8.7 8.0 6.7 6.0 6.6
secondary
Diploma/
certificate 0.0 0.0 0.0 55.0 0.0 53.6 30.8 0.0 30.4 14.1 20.1 15.3 12.5 16.4 13.2 13.3 18.3 14.2
course
Graduate 2.3 3.3 2.6 17.2 19.5 17.7 10.7 10.5 10.6 14.7 25.3 16.7 11.7 23.9 14.5 13.1 24.5 15.5
Post-graduate
20.0 7.8 16.2 11.4 15.3 12.3 13.5 12.7 13.3 10.1 23.6 13.9 8.3 18.4 11.7 9.0 20.1 12.5
& above
Secondary &
4.8 0.8 3.7 13.6 14.2 13.7 8.0 3.9 7.1 7.8 10.0 8.3 8.6 16.3 10.2 8.1 12.6 9.1
above
All 3.0 0.1 1.9 10.0 6.8 9.3 4.4 0.7 3.1 3.8 2.1 3.3 6.1 8.6 6.7 4.5 3.5 4.2
Figure 10.9: Unemployment Rate (UR) (in %) according to the Usual Status (PS+SS) for persons of
age 15 years and above of different levels of education for Jharkhand
313
Figure 10.10: Unemployment Rate (UR) (in %) according to the usual status (PS+SS) for persons of
age 15 years and above of different levels of education for India
Unemployment across different Decile classes rural areas of Jharkhand, the unemployment rate is as
of Usual Monthly Per Capita Consumption low as 0.4 per cent in the first decile group (0-10), it
Expenditure (UMPCE): The usual monthly per is less than 2 per cent in the lower eight decile groups
capita consumption expenditure (UMPCE)15 is an (0-10 to 70-80 decile groups) while it is 5.4 per cent
indication of the level of economic status of the in the in the ninth decile group (80-90) and 3.7 per
people. The lower decile classes of UMPCE show a cent in the 10th decile group. In the urban areas of the
lower economic status and the upper decile classes state, the unemployment rate is 7 per cent in the first
show a higher economic status of the people. decile group (0-10) while it is 11.1 per cent in the 6th
(50-60), 14.1 per cent in the 8th (70-80), 9.9 per cent
It has generally been observed that the unemployment
in the 9th (80-90) and 9.4 per cent in the 10th decile
rate is high among those who are economically well
(90-10) groups.
off and low among those who are relatively poor. The
poor cannot afford to remain unemployed hence they Among the females, the unemployment rate is very
accept whatever type of work or source of income low in all the decile groups of the UMPCE in the
comes before them, while those who are well off wait rural areas, however, in the urban areas it is almost
for a decent work and choose to remain unemployed nil in the first decile group (0-10), 3.4 per cent, 2.4
till they find a suitable job. per cent, and 0 per cent in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th decile
groups respectively, but is as high as 17 per cent in
The PLFS data shows that in Jharkhand, the rate
the 5th decile group (40-50), 10.5 per cent in the 6th
of unemployment is low among the lower decile
decile group and 22.7 per cent in the 9th decile group
groups and high among the higher decile groups
(80-90) of UMPCE.
of the UMPCE. However, the difference in the
unemployment rate in the upper and the lower decile At the national level, the variation in the
groups of the UMPCE is not as pronounced in the unemployment rate in different decile groups is not
urban areas as it is the rural areas of Jharkhand. In the as distinct as it is in the state of Jharkhand. While
15 Unlike the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (CES) of NSS where consumer expenditure is estimated based
on detailed survey, in PLFS only five questions have been asked to record household’s usual monthly consumer expenditure
(UMPCE). This has been done only to classify the households in different UMPCE classes.
314
the rate of unemployment in the rural areas of the the 7th and 9th decile groups.
country is 2.4 per cent in the first decile (0-10), it is
Among the females of the rural areas, the
3.6 per cent and 4.6 per cent respectively in the last
unemployment rate is as low as 0.8 per cent in the
two deciles (80-90 and 90-100). Between them, the
first decile of. UMPCE and as high as high as 5.2 per
unemployment rate has varied between 2.6 per cent
cent in the last decile (90-100). In the urban areas, it
and 3.4 per cent. In the urban areas of the country, the
is as low as 4.5 per cent in the first decile while it is
unemployment rate varies between 5.4 per cent and
more than 10 per cent in the last four deciles (60-70
6.3 per cent in the first four deciles (0-10 to 30-40)
to 90-100) of UMPCE.
while it varies between 7.2 and 7.9 per cent between
Table 10.17: Unemployment Rate (in %) according to usual status (PS+SS) for each decile class of
UMPCE for Jharkhand and All India
Decile Jharkhand All India
classes of Rural Urban Rural Urban
UMPCE Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
0-10 0.8 0.0 0.4 9.6 0.0 7.0 3.2 0.8 2.4 6.6 4.5 6.1
10-20 1.9 0.0 1.2 10.4 3.4 9.0 4.0 1.8 3.4 6.4 6.0 6.3
20-30 1.9 0.1 1.2 7.9 2.4 6.8 4.2 0.8 3.1 5.4 5.5 5.4
30-40 2.0 0.8 1.5 8.7 0.0 7.6 4.2 1.4 3.3 5.7 8.4 6.3
40-50 0.4 0.0 0.2 7.7 17.0 9.3 3.6 1.4 2.9 6.2 7.5 6.5
50-60 2.6 0.0 1.7 11.2 10.5 11.1 3.1 1.5 2.6 6.4 8.7 6.9
60-70 1.6 0.0 1.0 9.5 0.0 8.0 4.1 2.1 3.4 7.1 10.2 7.8
70-80 2.2 0.0 1.3 16.8 7.0 14.1 3.7 1.7 3.1 6.0 10.9 7.2
80-90 8.2 0.0 5.4 7.2 22.7 9.9 4.0 2.9 3.6 6.2 11.8 7.5
90-100 5.8 0.2 3.7 10.1 6.9 9.4 4.3 5.2 4.6 5.2 10.2 6.4
all 2.9 0.1 1.8 9.9 6.8 9.3 3.9 2.1 3.3 6.1 8.6 6.7
Source: PLFS
Figure 10.11: Unemployment Rate (UR) (in per cent) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each decile
class of UMPCE for Jharkhand
Source: PLFS
315
Figure 10.12: Unemployment Rate (UR) (in per cent) according to usual status (ps+ss) for each decile
class of UMPCE for All India
Source: PLFS
Unemployment rate in Urban Jharkhand by Current Weekly Status

The PLFS, besides publishing annual reports in the unemployment rate of the males declined by
which it gives details of the labour market situation in about 21 percentage points and that of the females by
the country and its states, publishes quarterly reports 30 percentage points during this period. The rate of
where it provides latest data with higher frequency unemployment was as high as 38.4 per cent among
than that provided in the annual reports, but for limited the males and 40.1 per cent among the females of this
variables. However, it does it only for the urban areas age group in April-June 2018. It declined to about 17
of the country and its states. While, so far, the annual per cent among the males and 10 per cent among the
reports have provided year wise data till the period females in the quarter October-December, 2019. The
of July, 2020 to June 2021, the quarterly reports have unemployment rates of the males and the females of
provided quarterly data till July-September, 2022. this group increased to 51.6 per cent and 33.9 per cent,
So far it has published 18 quarterly reports covering respectively, in April-June, 2020, during the peak
the period from April-June, 2018 to July-September, time of COVID-19 and the consequent lockdown but
2022. The quarterly reports have provided data started declining when the infections subsided and
regarding the current weekly status unemployment16 the economic activities resumed.
in the urban areas of the state for last 18 quarters.
A similar trend has been found among the males
According to these data, the rate of unemployment and the females of all-age groups. In this age group,
both among the males and the females in both the the unemployment rate of the males declined by
age groups i.e. 15 to 29 years and all age group, has 4.8 percentage points and that of the females by
shown a declining trend between April-June, 2018 14.4 percentage points during this period. The
and October-December, 2019. However, it started unemployment was 12.9 per cent among the males
rising thereafter. In the age group of 15 to 29 years, and 19.2 per cent among the females of this age group
16 According to the Current Weekly Status (CWS) approach, a person is considered as unemployed if despite
being available for work and seeking work, he/she does not get work even for one hour during the week preceding
the day of the survey.
316
in April-June 2018. It declined to 8.1 per cent among to 33.4 per cent and 24.4 per cent, respectively, in
the males and 4.8 per cent among the females in April-June, 2020, but started declining thereafter. By
October-December, 2019. The unemployment rates July-September 2022, they have become as low as
of the males and the females of this group increased 6.8 per cent.
Figure 10.13: Trend in Urban Unemployment Rate among the Males and the Females in 15 to 29 years
age
Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey Quarterly Reports Respective rounds, NSSO, MoSPI, GoI.
Figure 10.14: Trend in Urban Unemployment Rate among the Males and the Females in All age group
317
The rate of unemployment both among the males between the two is usually high during the periods of
and the females is higher in the age group of 15 to heavy unemployment and low during the periods of
29 years as compared to all age groups. The gap unemployment.
Figure 10.15: Trend in Urban Unemployment Rate among the Males
Figure 10.16: Trend in Urban Unemployment Rate among the Females
318
Table 10.18: Unemployment Rate by Current Weekly Status in Urban Areas of Jharkhand
July- October- October- January- July-
January- March April-June July-September April-June
September December December March September
2021 2021 2021 2022
2020 2020 2021 2022 2022
15 years & above
15 years & above
15 years & above
15 years & above
15 years & above
15 years & above
15 years & above
15 years & above
15 years & above

All age groups
All age groups
All age groups
All age groups
All age groups
All age groups
All age groups
All age groups
All age groups

15-29 years
15-29 years
15-29 years
15-29 years
15-29 years
15-29 years
15-29 years
15-29 years
15-29 years
Male 37.0 20.6 20.6 33.9 16.7 16.7 24.2 11.9 11.9 34.8 19.3 19.3 26.2 13.7 13.7 18.5 9.6 9.6 16.8 8.2 8.2 16.1 6.7 6.7 17.2 6.8 6.8
Female 39.4 15.8 15.8 32.3 11.8 11.8 22.8 8.9 8.9 30.2 10.2 11.0 31.3 13.0 13.0 18.6 9.3 9.3 19.2 8.3 8.3 21.5 10.4 10.4 20.4 6.8 6.8
Person 37.4 19.8 19.8 33.7 16.0 16.0 23.9 11.4 11.4 34.2 17.9 18.0 27.0 13.6 13.6 18.5 9.6 9.6 17.2 8.2 8.2 17.3 7.4 7.4 17.8 6.8 6.8
Table 10.19: Seasonal Variation in Urban Unemployment Rate by Current Weekly Status
2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
All Age All Age All Age All Age All Age
15 to 29 15 to 29 15 to 29 15 to 29 15 to 29
Group Group Group Group Group
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
April-June 38.4 40.1 12.9 19.2 19.8 22.6 8.9 8.7 51.6 33.9 33.4 24.4 34.8 30.2 19.3 11.0 16.1 21.5 6.7 10.4
July-
34.3 30.7 11.9 12.4 17.9 23.8 8.3 8.1 37.0 39.4 20.6 15.8 26.2 31.3 13.7 13.0 17.2 20.4 6.8 6.8
September
O c t o b e r-
28.6 30.5 10.2 12.0 17.2 10.5 8.1 4.8 33.9 32.3 16.7 11.8 18.5 18.6 9.6 9.3
December
January-
27.3 25.2 9.6 9.1 20.7 12.7 11.9 10.9 24.2 22.8 11.9 8.9 16.8 19.2 8.2 8.3
March
Source: PLFS Quarterly Reports of respective rounds
Seasonal Variation in Urban Unemployment get employment in the urban areas of the state, some
Rate by Current Weekly Status: Unemployment, migrate to the rural areas within the state or to that
both in the 15 to 29 years age group and in all-age outside the state during this period.
group and both among the males and the females in
Government Initiatives for Employment
these age groups, usually remains high during April
Generation and Workers’ Welfare
to June and low during October to December and
January to March. Unemployment is low during the The government has taken several initiatives for
last two quarters of a financial year because during providing employment to the unemployed and to
this period demand for labour use to be high in the improve the working and living condition of those
rural as well as in the urban areas within the state as who are employed.
well as outside the state. While some of the workers
Employment Generation
Government of Jharkhand, through means of the During the financial year 2022-23 (up to December
central and the state schemes, has made efforts to 14, 2022) about 2 crore persons have been provided
increase the wage and self-employment opportunities employment under the Mahatma Gandhi National
in the state. A large number of labourers in the rural Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA).
areas of the state are provided employment through About 57 crore person days of employment has been
the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment created through this scheme. About 1.6 crore families
Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), the flagship have been benefited by this programme during this
programme of the government of India, every year. period.
319
Table 10.20: Employment Generated through MGNREGA in the year 2022-23 (As on 14.12.2022)
Beneficiaries Jharkhand
Number of Families Benefited 1617769
Number of persons provided employment 1947059
Person days generated 56734712
Source: https://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/mgnrega_new/NREGA_home.aspx
Besides MGNREGA, the state government has monthly income or wage above the minimum wages.
provided employment to a large number of workers in It, on one hand, is catering to the career aspirations
the state by implementing the other central schemes of the rural youth and, on the other, is bridging
of employment generation. the skill gap prevalent in the economy. So far (till
13.12.2022), about 55 thousand candidates have been
The government, through the Deen Dayal Upadhyay
trained. Out of these, about 37 thousand candidates
Gramin Kaushalya Yojna (DDU-GKY), is
have been assessed and about 25 thousand have
developing the skill of the rural youth by imparting
been placed. Thus, about 45 per cent of the trained
quality training in trades which are required in the job
candidates have successfully found placements.
market and, thus, enable them to get jobs with regular
Table 10.21: Candidates trained, assessed and placed under the DDU-GKY (cumulative till 13.12.2022)
Candidates Candidates Placed as a percentage of
Candidates Placed
Trained Assessed trained
Jharkhand 55097 36714 24899 45,2
All India 1329885 1085510 810154 60.9
Source: https://dashboard.rural.nic.in/dashboardnew/ddugky.a
PM SWANidhi is a programme for providing micro 35 thousand applicants in Jharkhand. Among those
credit to the street vendors so that they can meet their benefitted from this scheme, 51 per cent are OBCs,
working capital requirement. So far (December 17, 29 per cent are General, 9 per cent belong to the
2022) loan under this scheme has been sanctioned to minority community, 8 per cent are SCs and 4 per
about 42 thousand applicants and disbursed to about cent are STs.
Figure 10.17: Number of people benefitted by PM SWANidhi yojana
Eligible Applications
66927
Sanctioned
42258
Disbursed
35355
Sanctioned Amount
50.84
Disbursed Amount
40.12
Source: https://pmsvanidhi.mohua.gov.in/Home/PMSDashboard
320
Under the PMEGP scheme, an eligible person (one banks. A majority of the applicants belonged to the
who is above 18 years of age and is at least class OBC community. The General, SC, ST and OBC
VIII pass) is provided a subsidised loan to start a constituted about 31 per cent, 16 per cent, 7 per cent
new enterprise. In the current financial year i.e.2022- and 43 per cent of the applicants respectively. Only
23,8303 applications have been received out of 1.2 per cent of the applicants belonged to the minority
which 8133 applications have been forwarded to community.
Table 10.22: Number of applications received and forwarded to banks under PMEGP
Beneficiaries 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 (Up to 19.12.22)
Number of Applications Received 13556 8468 8303
Forwarded to Banks 9665 7279 8133
Source: https://www.kviconline.gov.in/pmegpeportal/pmegphome/dashboard.jsp
Figure 10. 18: Division of Applicants according to the Social Category (Up to 19.12.22)
Source: https://www.kviconline.gov.in/pmegpeportal/pmegphome/dashboard.jsp
Prime Minister Kaushal Vikash Yojna (PMKVY)

PMKVY, a flagship scheme of the Ministry of Under this Scheme, Training and Assessment fees are
Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE), completely paid by the Government.
provides Skill Certification to the Indian youth.
So far, 2,94,504 candidates have been enrolled
Its objective is to enable them to take up industry-
in Jharkhand and 2,15,190 candidates have been
relevant skill training that will help them in securing
certified. The candidates enrolled, trained, assessed
a better livelihood. Individuals with prior learning
and certified in Jharkhand constitute about 2 per cent
experience or skills will also be assessed and certified
of those in the country.
under the Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL).
321
Table 10.23: Candidates enrolled, trained, assessed and certified by PMKVY (up to November 22, 21)
Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates

Enrolled Trained Assessed Certified
Jharkhand 294504 277239 246634 215190
All India 13917130 13294182 12020566 10565590
Jharkhand as % of all India 2.12 2.09 2.05 2.04
Source: http://www.pmkvyofficial.org/Dashboard.php
Directorate of Employment Training

The Directorate of Employment Training of the workers of this state. About 9 lakh 72 thousand
Jharkhand is working for enhancing the skills and people are registered in these employment exchanges
employability of the youth of the state. In order to of which about 7 lakh are live workers. There are
reduce unemployment among them, it organizes 875 Rojgar Mela Employers in the state and about 50
formal and non-formal Vocational Education thousand candidates have been placed through them .
and Training programs at various institutes. The
A majority of those registered in the employment
Directorate, through employment exchange,
exchanges, belong to the deprived communities.
facilitates employment of the workers and bridges
About 20 per cent of them belong to the Scheduled
the gap between the employer and the employee. It,
Tribe and about 11 per cent belong to the Scheduled
through its ITIs, enhances the skill of the prospective
Caste communities. Only 19 per cent are from the
employees.
general castes. Most of the registered candidates
The Directorate has a network of 43 Employment are males. The candidates registered in employment
Exchanges and 04 administrative offices in Jharkhand. exchanges of the state are mostly intermediate pass
The employment exchange facilitates employment of or graduates.
Figure 10.19: Social Category of those registered in the Employment Exchange

(Up to December 20, 2022)
Source: Directorate of Employment Training, Government of Jharkhand
322
Figure 10.20: Educational Qualification of those registered in the Employment Exchange
(Up to December 20, 2022)
Source: Directorate of Employment Training, Government of Jharkhand
Career Counselling and Vocational Guidance: The Directorate has launched an app called Zarurat
The Directorate provides career counselling and App which connects local employers with service
vocational guidance to candidates registered on providers. Persons possessing skills such as those
its portal. They are advised on the different career of electricians, plumbers, drivers etc. can register
options available to them and about qualifications themselves as “service providers” and the households
which are required for those career streams. They can avail their services through this app.
are also advised on the modes of attaining these
Industrial Training Institutes (ITI): In order
qualifications viz, the courses and colleges available,
to impart skill and training and thus to improve
the eligibility criteria for each of them and any other
the employability of the people of the state, the
information required.
directorate has set up many ITIs in the state. There
The directorate organises Rojgar Mela (job fair) to are 74 government ITIs in the state, 62 of them are
connect employers and job seekers. A sector-wise co-educational and 12 are exclusively for women. 16
categorisation of employers is provided to the job of the ITIs are located in the Left Wing Extremism
seekers. Employers also get access to a database (LWE) affected areas. Apart from the government
of candidates, filtered on the basis of the eligibility ITIs, there are 6 Public Private Partnership (PPP) ITIs,
criteria of the vacancy. 256 private and 4 Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR) ITIs in the state.
E-Shram Portal
The Ministry of Labour & Employment has developed benefits of the social security schemes to them. About
the E-Shram portal for creating a National Database 90 lakh unorganised workers of Jharkhand have been
of Unorganized Workers (NDUW) including migrant registered on this portal till October 6, 2022.
workers, construction workers and the gig and
platform workers. It has been created for optimum
realization of their employability and extend the
323
Table 10.24:Number of Unorganized Workers registered on the E-Shram Portal (till 06.10.2022)
SSK* CSC# Self- Registration Total

Registrations Registrations Registrations by Umang Registrations
1002 7935408 1125942 332 9062684

* - SSK (State Seva Kendras)
#- CSC (Common Services Centre)
Source: E-Shram, Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India.
Mukhya Mantri Shramik (Shahri Rozgar Manjuri for Kamgar) Yojna

Mukhyamantri SHRAMIK Yojana has been launched This programme is designed to create durable assets
in Jharkhand to provide a guaranteed 100 days wage (such as roads, canals, ponds, wells, buildings, parks,
employment on demand to an unemployed every plantation etc.) through these workers.
financial year. The workers are paid minimum wage.
Social Security Benefits to the Workers of the Unorganised Sector

Several forms of social security assistance, like the state. The following table provides information
assistance on death or accident, medical treatment, about the number of workers who have been provided
funeral, scholarship to the children of the workers, these assistance and the monetary benefits received
and rehabilitation to migrant workers have been by them in the financial year 2022-23.
provided to the workers of the unorganised sectors in
Table 10. 25: Social Security Benefits to the Workers of the Unorganised Sector
in the Financial Year 2022-23
Number of Amount in Rs.

Name of Scheme
Beneficiaries Lakh
Death/ Accident Assistance Scheme 295 149.25
Medical Treatment Assistance Scheme 2692 409.73
Funeral Assistance Scheme 289 48.55
Chief Minister Scholarship scheme for the children of

44 0.77
workers of the unorganised sector
Scheme for Rehabilitation of migrant workers 7 5.45
Total 3327 613.76

Source: Department of Labour, Employment, Training and Skill Development
Social Security Provided to the Building and Other Construction Workers

The workers registered under the Building and Other are old age and family pensions, maternity benefits,
Construction Workers (BOCW) Welfare Board are assistance for marriage, treatment for disease,
entitled to several benefits by the government. They accident, death and funeral. The talented children of
are provided assistance for getting tools, safety kits these workers are provided with scholarships.
and cycles. They are also provided several types
Registration of the workers in Building and Other
of other benefits. The prominent ones among them
Construction Workers Welfare Board: About 12.6
324
lakh workers were registered in the BOCW welfare to July, 2022 in the current financial year (2022-23).
board by the end of the last financial year (2021-
About 11 thousand workers were registered in BOCW
22). About 33 thousand more workers have been
welfare board in July, 2022 out of which 58.7 per
registered with this board up to July, 2022 in the
cent were females and remaining 41.3 per cent were
current financial year (2022-23). About 4 lakh rupees
males. About 20 per cent of the workers registered in
have been deposited as registration fee and about 30
this month were SCs, 31 per cent STs and 13.7 per
lakh rupees have been deposited as contribution up
cent belonged to the minority communities.
Table 10.26: Status of Registration in Building and other construction Workers Welfare Board
No. of No. of Contribution

Registration fee Deposited
Name of Registration Registration in Deposited in FY 22-
in FY 22-23 (up to July 22)
Divisions As on FY 22-23 (up 23 (up to July 22)
(in Rs.)
31.03.2022 to July 22) (in Rs.)
Ranchi 259495 13262 113440 1134400
Jamshedpur 167984 4252 125410 333408
Dumka 310926 7483 74830 748300
Hazaribagh 347915 3870 38700 367800
Bokaro 171632 4094 40940 409400
Total 1257952 32961 393320 2993308
Table 10.27: Benefits provided to the building and construction Workers

in the Financial Year 2022-23 (till July 2022)
Schemes Number Amount (in Rs. Lakh)

Workers Tools Assistance Scheme 3912 109.40
Construction workers’ Safety Kit 14243 142
Cycle Assistance Scheme 1061 51.80
Old Age Pension (60 + age) 202 32.87
Family Pension 59 5.52
Medical Assistance Programme 8 0.7
Marriage Assistance Programme 55 16.5
Maternity Benefit Scheme 1437 211.2
Talented Children Scholarship Scheme 3934 251.25
Death/ Accident Assistance Scheme 195 195.0
Funeral Assistance Scheme 166 16.3
325
Shramik Mitra
Shramik Mitra provide information about the have been selected in the state for this purpose.
government schemes to the building and other They have facilitated in registration and renewal of
construction workers and help them in getting membership of such workers. They have also helped
benefits of these schemes. About 709 Shramik Mitras in facilitating provision of benefits to them.
Table 10.28: Functions of Shramik Mitra in Financial Year 2022-23 (Up to July 2022).
Number Registration Renewal Number of Benefits
Number of Shramik Mitra 709
Facility provided by Shramik Mitra 9521 5492 7799
Number of beneficiaries of Shramik 64

Mitra
Honorarium paid to Shramik Mitra 14.32

(in Rs. Lakh)
Conclusion:
The condition of the labour market in the state initiatives for providing employment to the
has improved over the years. While the LFPR and unemployed and also to improve the working and
WPR have increased, the rate of unemployment has living condition of those who are employed. It,
decreased over the years. A very small percentage of through various central and state schemes, has made
workers are on regular wages and salaries (RSW) out efforts to increase the wage and self-employment
of which few of them have a written job contract and opportunities in the state and also provide social
security benefits to the workers. Efforts have been
very few avail social security benefits.
made to enhance the skills of the workers and, thus,
The government of Jharkhand has taken many improve their chances of employability.
326
Chapter 11
Education
327
The state has made significant progress in increasing all levels of school education in Jharkhand. There
its literacy rates. Nearly three-fourths of the population has also been a steady increase in the enrolment
of age seven years and above in Jharkhand is literate. of students with special needs, in recent years in
Persistent efforts are being made towards advancing Jharkhand. COVID-19 and the subsequent closure
the educational status of the populace with visible of schools in physical mode had adversely affected
results in enrolment and gender parity at all levels of the educational indicators in the state but they have
education including higher education. There has been recovered since the last one year.
a consistent increase in the enrolment of students at
Status of Literacy Rate in Jharkhand

The total literacy rate, among the age group of 7 years Apart from gender disparity, there is also a wide
and above, has been reported as 73.1 per cent in the disparity across regions. While the total literacy
state of Jharkhand during 2020-21. This is more than rate in urban areas is as high as 85.4 per cent, the
6 percentage points lower as compared to the national corresponding rate in the rural areas is around 70 per
average of 79.2 per cent. While the male literacy cent. There is a gap of more than 15 percentage points
rate in Jharkhand is way higher at 82.3 per cent, the across the rural and the urban regions.The gap between
corresponding female literacy rate stands at a mere male literacy rates in the urban areas (91.8 per cent) and
63.8 per cent during 2020-21. When compared to the the rural areas (79.7 per cent) is around 12 percentage
national average, the male literacy rate in Jharkhand points. However, there is a wide gap between female
(82.3 per cent) is almost comparable to the all-India literacy rates in the urban areas (78.6 per cent) and the
average of 85.9 per cent, which depicts that the state rural areas (59.9 per cent). The gap is wider than 18
has made decent progress in advancing male literacy percentage points. The lowest literacy rates in the state
rates in the state. But in the case of the female have been recorded for rural females, i.e., around 60
literacy rate, the state has quite a long way to cover. per cent whereas the urban males recorded the highest
The female literacy rate in Jharkhand (63.8 per cent) literacy rates of around 92 per cent.
remains way behind the national average of 72.3 per
The current status of literacy has been reported by the
cent as reported during 2020-21. Special emphasis on
July 2020 – June 2021 round of the Periodic Labour
promoting female education in the state is the need
Force Survey (PLFS), published by the National
of the hour. Consistent efforts are being made in this
Statistical Office (NSO) of the Ministry of Statistics
direction with visible results in enrolment and gender
and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) of the
parity, however, there is still a long way to go.
government of India.
Figure 11.1: Literacy Rates in Jharkhand (among age group 7 & above years), 2020-21
Source: Annual Report, Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), 2020-21 (National Statistical Office, MoSPI)
329
Education
Table 11.1: Literacy Rates in Jharkhand and India (Among age group 7 & above years), 2020-21
Literacy Rate (7 & above years) Male Female Total
Jharkhand 79.7 59.9 69.9
Rural
All India 83.2 67.7 75.6
Jharkhand 91.8 78.6 85.4
Urban
All India 92.2 83.3 87.8
Jharkhand 82.3 63.8 73.1
Total
All India 85.9 72.3 79.2
Source: Annual Report, Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), 2020-21 (National Statistical Office, MoSPI)
School Enrolment in Jharkhand

There has been a persistent increase in the enrolment Upper Primary level (2.9 per cent) during the same
of students at all levels of school education cutting period, there has been a slight dip in student enrolment
across ‘management types’ in Jharkhand. The total at the Primary level (-1.6 per cent) from 38 lakhs to
number of students enrolled at various levels of 37.4 lakhs during the period from 2020-21 to 2021-
schooling increased from 74.9 lakhs in 2019-20 to 22. As compared to 2019-20, the dip seems sharper
76.9 lakhs during 2021-22. As compared to 2020-21, (-3.7 per cent) in student enrolment at the Primary
there has been an impressive increase in enrolment level from 38.9 lakhs to 37.4 lakhs during the period
of students at the Secondary (8.7 per cent) and the from 2019-20 to 2021-22. The ramifications of the
Higher Secondary (5.9 per cent) levels of education pandemic and the physical closure of schools may be
during 2021-22. While the annual increase has been an obvious reason for such a decline in the number of
moderate in the case of enrolment of students at the enrolments.
Table 11.2: Enrolment in Schools (All Management)

Level of Education 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Primary 3886161 3803579 3740909
Upper Primary 1986908 2055203 2114309
Secondary 965531 1001965 1089069
Higher Secondary 650537 702459 743920
Total 7489137 7563206 7688207

Source: District Information System for Education (DISE), 2021-22 (As of11.10.2022)
The enrolment of students in Classes VIII-XII per cent) during the same period. While the number
marked a steady improvement over recent years. of girl students enrolled in Classes VIII-XII increased
As compared to 2020-21, there has been an annual from 12 lakhs in 2020-21 to 12.7 lakhs during 2021-
increase of 5.4 per cent in enrolment of students in 22, the number of male students enrolled at the same
Classes VIII-XII during 2021-22. The total number of levels increased from 11.9 lakhs to 12.5 lakhs during
students enrolled in Classes VIII-XII increased from the same period. The annual increase in students’
23.9 lakhs in 2020-21 to 25.2 lakhs during 2021-22. enrolment was remarkable, specifically in grades IX
The increase in enrolment of girl students (5.8 per (14.7 per cent) and XI (17.4 per cent).
cent) in Classes VIII-XII outshone that of boys (5.1
330
Table 11.3 : Enrolment in Classes VIII-XII
2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Grade Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
VIII 319672 326865 646537 341087 345352 686439 344833 343200 688033
IX 258952 261699 520651 253288 261821 515109 293036 297574 590610
X 217754 227126 444880 240303 246553 486856 243763 254696 498459
XI 183666 177105 360771 173646 174940 348586 201580 207807 409387
XII 147453 142313 289766 179482 174391 353873 165533 169000 334533
Total 1127497 1135108 2262605 1187806 1203057 2390863 1248745 1272277 2521022
Source: District Information System for Education (DISE), 2021-22 (As of 11.10.2022)
Gender Parity in School Enrolment in Jharkhand

The Gender Parity Index (GPI) of GER shows at the national level during the year 2021-22. The
whether the representation of females in school enrolment of girls at all levels of school education
education is in line with the representation of girls in has been much better vis-à-vis that of the boys. As
the population of the corresponding age group. GPI a result, the GPI has been greater than one at all
value of 1 or more shows that the GPI is favourable levels for the year 2021-22. The most remarkable
to the girls, while a GPI of less than 1 shows relative development has been at the Higher Secondary level
under representation of girls in that specific level of wherein there has been a persistent increase in the
school education. enrolment of girls vis-à-vis that of the boys during
2019-20 to 2021-22 in Jharkhand as compared to a
The GPI in enrolment for all levels of school education,
gradual decline in the GPI for Higher Secondary at
except the Primary level, has been significantly better
the national level during the same period. The GPI
in Jharkhand as compared to the national averages for
in enrolment has been gradually tilting in favour of
the year 2021-22. The GPI in enrolment at Secondary
boys at the Upper Primary level in Jharkhand. This is
and Higher Secondary levels have been 1.06 and 1.07
in sync with a similar trend at the national level.
in Jharkhand while the same has been 1.0 and 1.02
Table 11.4: Gender Parity Index (GPI) of GER by Level of School Education,
2019-20 to 2021-22
2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Jharkhand India Jharkhand India Jharkhand India
Primary 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.02 1.01 1.03
Upper Primary 1.05 1.02 1.04 1.01 1.02 1.00
Secondary 1.07 1.00 1.07 0.99 1.06 1.00
Higher Secondary 1.01 1.04 1.03 1.03 1.07 1.02

Source: District Information System for Education (DISE) /UDISE Plus, Respective rounds
331
Education
Table 11.5: Gender Parity in Enrolment in Classes VIII-XII
Grade 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
VIII 1.02 1.01 1.00
IX 1.01 1.03 1.02
X 1.04 1.03 1.04
XI 0.96 1.01 1.03
XII 0.97 0.97 1.02
Total 1.01 1.01 1.02
Source: UDISE Plus, Respective rounds
Box 11.1: Reducing Gender Gap and Increasing Enrolment of Girls in Schools in Jharkhand
To reduce gender gaps at all levels of school education, there is a provision of Kasturba Gandhi Balika
Vidyalayas (KGBVs) under Samagra Shiksha. KGBVs areresidential schools from class VIto XII for
girls belonging to the disadvantaged groups such as the SC, the ST, the OBC, Minority and BelowPoverty
Line (BPL). As on 10.11.2021, a total of 5615 KGBVs have been sanctioned in the countrywith the
enrolment of 6.50 lakh girls, of which,203 KGBVs have been sanctionedin the State ofJharkhandwith
the enrolment of 70377 girls.
Bridging gender and social category gaps at all levels of school education is one of the majorobjectives
of the Samagra Shiksha. Under Samagra Shiksha, to ensure greater participation of girls ineducation,
including in the State of Jharkhand, various interventions have been targeted whichincludethe opening of
schools in the neighbourhood to make their access easier for girls, providing free uniform andtext-books
to girls up to Class VIII,additional teachers and residential quarters for teachers inremote/hilly areas, the
appointment of additional teachers including women teachers,Stipend to CWSNgirls from classes I to
XII, separate toilets for girls, teachers' sensitization programmes topromote girls participation, gender-
sensitive teaching-learning materials including textbooks etc.
Source: Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Education, Government of India, “Increasing enrolment of girls in school,”
December, 22, 2021
School Enrolmentof Students with Special Needs in Jharkhand

There has been a steady increase in the enrolment of 5756 in 2019-20 to 7272 in 2021-22 for Classes
students with special needs during 2019-20 to 2021- VIII-XII. The number of students with special needs
22 in Jharkhand.Their total numbers increased from enrolled at the Secondary level (Classes IX-X)
10.9 thousand to 13.6 thousand in Classes VIII-XII. increased from over 4 thousand to over 6 thousand
Girl students consisted the greater chunk of it (53.4 during the period from 2019-20 to 2021-22 in
per cent) and their numbers increased gradually from Jharkhand.
Table 11.6: Grade Wise Enrolment of Students with Special needs

2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
VIII 3036 2848 5884 3351 3192 6543 3040 2822 5862
IX 982 1257 2239 1129 1390 2519 1625 1913 3538
X 741 1040 1781 1003 1344 2347 1034 1493 2527
XI 192 358 550 306 515 821 363 580 943
332
2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

XII 165 253 418 320 592 912 292 464 756
VIII-XII 5116 5756 10872 6109 7033 13142 6354 7272 13626
IX-X 1723 2297 4020 2132 2734 4866 2659 3406 6065
XI-XII 357 611 968 626 1107 1733 655 1044 1699
The GPI in enrolment of students with special needs GPI can be noted in terms of the enrolment of students
is heavily tilted in favour of girls at almost all higher with special needs in Class IX. For Classes X – XII,
levels of school education, especially at the Higher the gender parity situation has been impressive with
Secondary level (GPI = 1.59) for the year 2021-22. a far greater number of girl students with special
However, a lesser number of girl students with special needs being enrolled as compared to boys during the
needs were enrolled on Class VIII (GPI = 0.93) for period from 2019-20 to 2021-22. This is significant,
the year 2021-22. A similar trend has been observed especially when perceived within the backdrop of the
during the preceding years too. A gradual decline in lingering pandemic during this period.
Table 11.7: Gender Parity in Enrolment of Students with Special Needs

Grade 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
VIII 0.94 0.95 0.93
IX 1.28 1.23 1.18
X 1.40 1.34 1.44
XI 1.86 1.68 1.60
XII 1.53 1.85 1.59
VIII-XII 1.13 1.15 1.14
IX-X 1.33 1.28 1.28
XI-XII 1.71 1.77 1.59
Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) and Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) in Jharkhand
The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) is the total GER of girl students has been higher at 103 per cent
enrolment in a particular level of school education, as compared to that of boys at 101.7 per cent at the
regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of Primary level for the year 2021-22. The GER marked
the population of the official age group which an impressive rise at the Secondary level from 63 per
corresponds to the given level of school education cent in 2020-21 to 68.4 per cent in 2021-22. While
in a given school year whereas the Net Enrolment the GER increased for all levels of education during
Ratio (NER) is the total number of pupils enrolled 2020-21 and 2021-22, the NER declined marginally
in a particular level of school education who are of for almost all educational levels except at the
the corresponding official age group expressed as Higher Secondary level wherein the NER somewhat
a percentage of the population of the official age- improved. The NER dipped considerably from 93.6
group which corresponds to the given level of school per cent in 2020-21 to 90.2 per cent in 2021-22 at
education in a given school year. the Primary level. Both the GER and NER declined
significantly with the increase in educational levels
The GER for school education in Jharkhand has been
across these recent years. The NER at the Secondary
more than 100 per cent at the Primary level for the
and the Higher Secondary levels remained below 50
last two years. It has increased slightly from 102.2 per
per cent over the years.
cent in 2020-21 to 102.35 per cent in 2021-22. The
333
Education
Table 11.8: The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) (All categories) at different Educational Levels
2020-21 2021-22
Educational Level
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Primary 101.98 102.45 102.20 101.66 103.10 102.35
Upper Primary 84.56 87.85 86.18 88.02 89.75 88.87
Secondary 60.89 65.13 62.97 66.35 70.53 68.41

Table 11.9: The Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) (All categories) at different Educational Levels
2020-21 2021-22
Educational Level
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Primary 93.19 94.10 93.63 89.28 91.12 90.16
Upper Primary 71.64 74.32 72.96 69.78 71.64 70.70
Secondary 40.72 43.16 41.92 39.86 42.70 41.26
GER among the Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Scheduled Castes (SCs)
The Scheduled communities, including the at the Upper Primary level and that among the SCs
Scheduled Tribe (ST) and the Scheduled Caste was 98 per cent as compared to GER of 84 per cent
(SC), comprise a significant proportion of the among the STs and 94 per cent among the SCs
state’s population. Their socio-economic and during 2020-21 respectively. When compared to the
educational advancement is among the top priority overall GER of 89 per cent for all social groups at
of the state government. Multiple efforts towards the Upper Primary level for the year 2021-22, the
their educational development have been fruitful to SCs fared much better with a GER of 98 per cent,
an extent which is evident through the GER figures. while the STs still have some catching up to do
During 2021-22, the GER among the STs was 106 (87.3 per cent). A similar situation can be seen at the
per cent at the Primary level and that among the SCs Secondary level as well wherein the GER among
was 109 per cent as compared to the overall GER of the STs was 61.4 per cent and that among the SCs
102 per cent which is for all social groups combined. was 68.7 per cent as compared to the overall GER of
However, there has not been any improvement in 68.4 per cent among all social groups during 2021-
the GER of the STs and the SCs at the Primary level 22. At the Higher Secondary level, however, both
when compared to the preceding year i.e., 2020- the STs and SCs have some road to cover with the
21. The figures have remained almost the same. GER among the STs remaining at 38 per cent and
The GER has improved significantly at the Upper that of the SCs being around 43 per cent whereas
Primary level for both the STs and the SCs. During the overall GER stood at 46.4 per cent during the
2021-22, the GER among the STs was 87 per cent year 2021-22.
334
Table 11.10: GER among the STs and the SCs at different Educational Levels
ST SC
Educational Level 2020-21 2021-22 2020-21 2021-22
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Primary 105.8 106.6 106.2 105.1 107.4 106.2 108.4 110.1 109.2 108.1 110.7 109.3
Upper Primary 82.2 85.4 83.8 86.3 88.2 87.3 90.9 96.4 93.6 95.4 99.8 97.6
Secondary 52.9 57.2 55.1 59.2 63.6 61.4 57.4 64.2 60.7 65.0 72.7 68.7
Higher Secondary 31.9 34.6 33.2 35.6 40.0 37.9 38.5 41.6 40.0 39.5 45.9 42.6
Box: 11.2 Education of Tribal Population in Mission Mode

The Government has taken up the challenge of educating the tribal population in mission mode and is
working to catapult them to international standards. To this effect, the Union Minister of Tribal Affairs,
Shri Arjun Munda stated that the government has sanctioned 452 new Eklavya Model Residential Schools
(EMRS) to fill the gap in the education of tribal children and many of these schools are proposed to
beopened in remote areas and at the block level. These schools will provide quality education for the all-
round development of the tribal students. The Prime Minister laidthe foundation stone of 50 EMRSs on
Janjatiya Gaurav Divas i.e., November 15, 2021, out of which 20 are located in Jharkhand.
EMRS are a Government of India scheme to establish model residential schools for Tribal students
(Scheduled Tribes) across the country. It is a flagship intervention of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs to
ensure first-class education and all-around development of tribal students in the remote tribal regions.
The Union Budget for 2018-19 introduced that each block with more than 50 per cent ST population and
at least 20,000 tribal people shall have theprovisions of EMRS. The schools cater to tribal students from
classes VI to XII. They also provide training in sports and personality developmentand are equipped with
facilities catering to the students’ on-campus needs for holistic improvement. Above all, they offer free
education inclusive of boarding and lodging.
During the last few years, efforts have been made to step up the quality of education in these schools as a
result of which many toppers and winners are emerging from EMRSs in different fields like academics,
sports and cultural activities. Many scholarships are available to tribal children for taking up higher
studies like post-matric scholarships, scholarships for higher education, national fellowship, scholarship
for overseas education.The government endeavours to give out as many scholarships to the ST students
as is possible.
Source: Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India, “Government has taken up the challenge of edu-
cation of the tribal population in mission mode: Shri Arjun Munda”,23 February 2022
Promotion, Dropouts, Repetition and Transition Rates

There has been an impressive improvement in the Upper Primary level, about 96 per cent of the students
Promotion rates at all levels of school education in were promoted to the next higher level during
Jharkhand during the recent years. The Promotion 202122 as compared to about 94 per centduring
Rates remained over 90 per cent for all levels of 2020-21. Girls remained almost at par with the boys
schooling for the year 2021-22. At the Primary at the corresponding level in terms of Promotion
level, an impressive 98 per cent of the students were rates at the Upper Primary level. The improvement
promoted to the next higher level during 2021-22 as has been significant in terms of Promotion rates at
compared to about 96 per cent during 2020-21. At the the Secondary level, wherein about 96.4 per cent of
335
Education
the students were promoted to the next higher level however, the Promotion rates dipped with respect
during 2021-22 as compared to about 92 per cent to the other lower levels of school education. It was
during 2020-21. Girls fared marginally better with about 92 per cent during 2021-22, which is quite an
about 97 per cent being promoted as compared to improvement as compared to 88 per cent during the
around 96 per cent of the boys being promoted at preceding year of 2020-21.
the Secondary level. At the Higher Secondary level,
Table 11.11: Dropouts, Promotion and Repetition-Rates in Jharkhand
Education Drop-out Rate Repetition Rate Promotion Rate

Gender
Level 2020-21 2021-22 2020-21 2021-22 2020-21 2021-22
Boys 4.02 2.36 0.84 0.25 95.14 -
Primary Girls 2.86 1.14 0.76 0.21 96.37 -
Total 3.46 1.78 0.80 0.23 95.74 97.99
Boys 5.29 3.70 0.86 0.17 93.85 96.13

Upper Pri-
Girls 5.51 4.00 0.76 0.16 93.73 95.84
mary
Total 5.40 3.85 0.81 0.17 93.79 95.98
Boys 7.16 3.71 1.98 0.41 90.86 95.88
Secondary Girls 5.88 2.69 1.83 0.41 92.29 96.90
Total 6.51 3.20 1.91 0.41 91.58 96.39
Boys 9.90 8.42 1.93 0.52 88.18 91.06

Higher Sec-
Girls 10.30 7.55 1.72 0.48 87.98 91.97
ondary
Total 10.10 7.98 1.82 0.50 88.08 91.52
Table 11.12: Transition Rates (All levels of School Education)
2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

Primary to Upper Primary 86.55 86.44 93.53
Upper Primary to Secondary 79.66 78.38 85.73
Secondary to Higher Secondary 76.9 77.54 83.83
The Transition Rates of students from one level of Similarly, the transition rates from Upper Primary to
school education to the next higher level depicted Secondary level increased to about 86 per cent during
remarkable progress in the state during the recent 2021-22 from 78 per cent during 2020-21. The
years. The Transition rates from Primary to Upper transition rates from Secondary to Higher Secondary
Primary level improved to around 94 per cent during level also bettered to about 84 per cent in 2021-22 as
2021-22 from hovering around 86 per cent during compared to about 78 per cent in 2020-21.
the preceding two years i.e., 2019-20 and 2020-21.
336
Figure 11.2: Transition Rates (2019-20 to 2021-22)
Figure 11.3: Dropout Rates (2019-20 to 2021-22)
Table 11.13: Dropout Rates (All levels of School Education)

2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Primary (I-V) 6.19 3.46 1.78
Upper Primary (VI-VIII) 8.75 5.40 3.85
Elementary (I-VIII) 7.04 4.12 2.50
Secondary (IX-X) 11.97 6.51 3.20
Higher Secondary (IX-XII) 13.99 10.10 7.98
337
Education
The dropout rates of students declined significantly about 12 per cent during 2019-20 to a mere 3 per cent
for all levels of school education in the state during in 2021-22 marking a decline of about 9 percentage
the recent years. The dropout rates at the Primary points in a short span of just two years. At the Higher
level decreased from over 6 per cent to a nominal Secondary level also, the dropout rates came down
1.8 per cent during 2019-20 to 2021-22. At the Upper quite remarkably from 14 per cent in 2019-20 to 8
Primary level, the dropout rates declined from 8.8 per per cent in 2021-22 marking a dip of 6 percentage
cent to 3.9 per cent during the same period. The most points. Such a decline in the dropout rates within
significant decline in dropout rates was noted at the the COVID-19 backdrop and the physical closure of
Secondary level wherein it dipped from as high as schools is noteworthy.
Educational Infrastructure in Jharkhand

Number of Schools
The total number of schools under the Department 59.8 per cent during the recent couple of years.
of Education (DoE) in Jharkhand has declined from Similarly, the percentage of Upper Primary schools
35,441 in the year 2019-20 to 35,438 during 2021-22 to the total number of schools remained the same at
owing mainly to the merger of schools during 2021- 32.6 per cent. The percentage of Elementary schools,
22. The total number of Primary schools stood at combining the Primary and the Upper Primary
21,183 during the year 2021-22 which is 7 schools schools, formed the bulk of the share of 92.4 per cent
less as compared to the preceding two years. Such of the total number of schools in Jharkhand under the
decline was also a result of the merger of schools DoE. The percentage of Secondary Schools declined
during 2021-22. On the corollary of such mergers, from 5.2 per cent to 4.8 per cent during the last two
the total number of Upper Primary schools increased years owing to the mergers while the percentage of
from 11,562 to 11,565 during the years 2020-21 and Higher Secondary schools increased from 2.4 per cent
2021-22. While the number of Secondary schools to 2.8 per cent during 2020-21 to 2021-22. Secondary
declined from 1826 to 1705 during the same period, school up-gradation into higher secondary schools
the number of Higher Secondary schools increased has led to a decrease in the number and percentage
from 864 to 985 during the years 2020-21 and 2021- of Secondary schools and an increase in the number
22. The percentage of Primary schools to the total and percentage of Higher Secondary schools during
number of schools remained almost similar at about the last two years.
Table 11.14: Number of School sunder the Department of Education, Government of Jharkhand
Type 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 Percentage (2021-22)
Primary 21,190 21,190 21,183 59.8
Upper Primary 11,563 11,562 11,565 32.6
Elementary 32,753 32,752 32,748 92.4
Secondary 1,825 1,826 1,705 4.8
Higher Secondary 863 864 985 2.8
Total 35,441 35,442 35,438 100.0
338
Table 11.15: Number of Schools per lakh population (All Management)
Types of Schools 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Primary 73.37 72.74 71.86
Upper Primary 49.85 49.6 49.11
Secondary 10.11 10.11 9.67
Higher Secondary 4.89 4.93 5.33
Note: Total Population as per Census 2011= 32988134
Keeping in sync with the decline in the number of around 50 during 2021-22 in comparison to 49 Upper
schools at certain levels of school education, the Primary schools per lakh population during 2019-20.
density of schools in terms of the number of schools The decline has been marginal at the Secondary level
per lakh population has also declined over the recent with a dip from 10 to more than 9 schools per lakh
years. The dip was more prominent at the Primary population during the same period. On the contrary,
level, wherein the number of schools per lakh there has been an increase in the density of Higher
population stood roughly at 72 during 2021-22 in Secondary schools, again in sync with the increase
comparison with more than 73 Primary schools per in the number of schools at this level. The changes
lakh population during 2019-20. A similar decline at in the density of schools have been a result of the
the Upper Primary level has been noted wherein the mergers and upgradation of schools during 2021-22.
number of schools per lakh population was roughly
Table 11.16: Schooling Facility per lakh population (All Management)
Year, Schools 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Primary 131.7 130.9 129.5
Upper Primary 61.7 61.5 61
Secondary 14 14.1 14
Higher Secondary 4.9 4.9 5.3

Note: Total Population as per Census 2011= 32988134
On a similar note, there has been a decline in the about 62 of them during 2019-20. At the Secondary
schooling facility at different levels of school level, the scenario of schooling facilities per lakh
education over the recent years. There were about population has been almost stagnant, whereas, at the
130 schools with the facility of primary classes per Higher Secondary level, there has been an increase
lakh population during 2021-22 as compared to in schooling facilities per lakh population. There
about 132 during 2019-20. Similarly, there were 61 were more than 5 schools with the facility of Higher
schools with the facility of upper primary classes Secondary classes per lakh population during 2021-
per lakh population during 2021-22 in contrast to 22 as compared to just about 5 during 2019-20.
Types of Schools and Number of Students per School

Among the type of schools in Jharkhand, most of all schools across all levels of school education are
the schools, across ‘all types’ of management, are co-educational. A bulk of about 99.7 per cent of
co-educational schools. Overall, 97.7 per cent of the Primary schools are co-educational schools and
339
Education
their status has remained the same over the last two from 20.5 per cent to 19.7 per cent during the same
years, i.e., 2020-21 and 2021-22. Similarly, at the period. Although there has been a marginal decline in
Upper Primary level, a larger chunk of 98.3 per cent the share of all girls’ schools at the Higher Secondary
of the schools are co-educational. However, at the level, there still exists a significant chunk of all girls’
Secondary level, there has been a marginal increase schools at this level. About one-fifth of all schools at
in the share of co-educational and all-boys schools the higher secondary level are all girls’ schools which
and a corresponding decline in the share of all girls’ is crucial to promote girls’ education at the higher
schools during 2020-21 and 2021-22. While the levels of school education.
share of all boys’ schools increased from 2.3 per cent
During the year 2021-22, the schools under the
to 2.4 per cent at the Secondary level, the share of
DoE, Government of Jharkhand, comprised 79 per
co-educational schools increased marginally as well
cent of all schools across all types of management.
from 90.3 per cent to 90.5 per cent during 2020-21
Most of the schools with less than 100 students
and 2021-22. The share of all girls’ schools decreased
each have been managed by DoE, while the schools
from 7.3 per cent to 7.1 per cent during the same
with more than 100 students each have mostly
period.
been managed by other types of management. This
Along similar lines, the share of all boys’ schools is mainly because the DoE takes care of schooling
increased from 1 per cent to 1.1 per cent at the Higher facilities in the remote areas of the state where the
Secondary level, and the share of co-educational number of students is limited, whereas, for private
schools increased from 78.5 per cent to 79.2 per cent schools or other management-type schools, it is more
during 2020-21 and 2021-22. The share of all girls’ of a profitable venture to run schools with a greater
schools at the Higher Secondary level decreased student strength.
Table 11.17: Schools with the Number of Students (2021-22)

Number of Students per School
Enrolment 1 to 21 to 41 to 61 to 81 to 101 to 201 to 301 to 501 to 1001 &
0 Total
20 40 60 80 100 200 300 500 1000 above
Department of
129 1703 6733 6525 4159 2454 6796 2927 2437 1228 347 35438
Education (DoE)
All Management 299 2164 7617 7408 4848 3139 8984 4073 3434 2008 881 44855
% of DoE to All
43.1 78.7 88.4 88.1 85.8 78.2 75.6 71.9 71.0 61.2 39.4 79.0
Management
% of Schools in
0.36 4.81 19 18.41 11.74 6.92 19.18 8.26 6.88 3.47 0.98 100
DoE
% of All Manage-
0.67 4.82 16.98 16.52 10.81 7.0 20.03 9.08 7.66 4.48 1.96 100
ment Schools
Table 11.18: Types of Schools (all management)

2020-21 2021-22
Total Total
Category Boys Girls Co-Ed Number of Boys Girls Co-Ed Number of
Schools Schools
Primary 0.20% 0.10% 99.70% 23997 0.20% 0.10% 99.70% 23706
Upper Primary 0.80% 0.90% 98.30% 16361 0.80% 0.90% 98.30% 16201
340
2020-21 2021-22
Total Total
Category Boys Girls Co-Ed Number of Boys Girls Co-Ed Number of
Schools Schools
Secondary 2.30% 7.30% 90.30% 3334 2.40% 7.10% 90.50% 3191
Higher
1.00% 20.50% 78.50% 1627 1.10% 19.70% 79.20% 1757
Secondary
Total 0.60% 1.70% 97.70% 45319 0.60% 1.70% 97.70% 44855
Table 11.19: Schools run by types of management, 2021-22

Primary Upper Primary Secondary Hr Secondary
Management
Total
(I-XII, VI-X11,1X-X11,
(I-V) (I-V111, VI-V1II) (I-X, V1-X, IX-X)
XI-XIII)
Co- Co- Co- Co- Co-

Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Ed Ed Ed Ed Ed
Dept. of
4 8 21,171 21,183 26 47 11,492 11,565 13 100 1,592 1,705 7 290 688 985 50 445 34,943 35,438
Education
Tribal
Welfare 14 9 32 55 37 11 2 50 35 16 2 53 5 8 - 13 91 44 36 171
Department
Unrecog-
2 2 1,835 1,839 1 1 18 3,757 3,786 2 4 473 479 - 2 28 30 15 26 6,093 6,134
nized
Pvt. Unaid-
ed (Recog- - - 15 15 2 2 191 195 7 63 718 788 2 32 527 561 11 97 1,451 1,559
nized)
Madrasa
Unrecog- 16 - 20 36 9 4 70 83 - 1 5 6 1 - - 1 26 5 95 126
nized
Jawahar
Navodaya - - - - - - - 3 3 - - 23 23 - - 26 26
Vidyalaya
Govt. aided 8 7 481 496 48 61 388 497 17 43 83 143 0.2 5 32 39 75 116 984 1,175
NCLP - 1 78 79 - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 79 80
Central
- - 1 1 - - 4 4 - - 6 6 - - 30 30 - - 41 41
School
Other Govt.
Managed - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 10 56 67 1 10 56 67
schools
Madrasa
- - 2 2 2 - 13 15 - 1 3 4 - - - - 2 1 18 21
Recognized
341
Education
Primary Upper Primary Secondary Hr Secondary

Management Total
(I-XII, VI-X11,1X-X11,
(I-V) (I-V111, VI-V1II) (I-X, V1-X, IX-X)
XI-XIII)
Co- Co- Co- Co- Co-

Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Ed Ed Ed Ed Ed
Sainik
- - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - 1 1
School
Other
Central
- - - - - - 1 1 - - 2 2 - 2 2 - - 5 5
Govt.
Schools
Railway
- - - - - - - - 1 - 1 2 - - 4 4 1 - 5 6
School
Social
Welfare - - - - 1 - 3 4 - - - 1 - - 1 2 - 3 5
Dept.
Figure 11.4: Composition of Schools across Types of Management, 2021-22
342
Out of the total number of schools i.e., 44855, a bulk of all schools are operated by the DoE, while 23 per
of 35,438 schools are operated by the DoE. Out of cent are unrecognised and 3 per cent are government.
these 35,438 DoE-operated schools, a bulk of about aided schools. The share of the private sector
60 per cent are Primary schools and about 33 per cent increases at the Secondary and Higher Secondary
are Upper Primary schools. Only about 7 per cent levels where in 53 per cent of all Secondary schools
of the DoE-operated schools are of Secondary and are operated by the DoE, while about 25 per cent are
Higher Secondary levels. In terms of the distribution private unaided recognised schools and 15 per cent
of schools across all management types, 89 per cent are unrecognised. At the Higher Secondary level, 56
of all Primary schools are operated by the DoE, 7.8 per cent of all schools are operated by the DoE while
per cent are unrecognised and 2.1 per cent are Govt. 32 per cent are private unaided recognised schools.
aided schools. At the Upper Primary level, 71 per cent
Table 11.20: Percentage of Schools run by Types of Management, 2021-22

Upper Higher
Primary Secondary
Primary Secondary
Types of Management (I-XII, VI-
Total
(I-V111, VI- (I-X, V1-X,
(I-V) X11,1X-X11,
V1II) IX-X)
XI-XIII)
Dept. of Education 89.4 71.4 53.4 56.1 79.0

Tribal Welfare Department 0.2 0.3 1.7 0.7 0.4
Unrecognized 7.8 23.4 15.0 1.7 13.7
Pvt. Unaided (Recognized) 0.1 1.2 24.7 31.9 3.5
Madrasa Unrecognized 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.3 0.1
Govt. aided 2.1 3.1 4.5 2.2 2.6
NCLP 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
Central School 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.7 0.1
Other Govt. Managed schools 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.1
Madrasa Recognized 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
Sainik School 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Other Central Govt. Schools 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Railway School 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Social Welfare Dept. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Total Number of Schools 23706 16201 3191 1757 44855
In terms of the composition of schools across all types boys’ schools across all types of management.
of management, one-fourth of the schools operated by
About 20 per cent of schools across all types of
the Tribal Welfare Department are all girls’ schools,
management have 100 to 200 students per school,
while more than half of them are all boys’ schools.
while around 17 per cent of schools have only 20-40
Otherwise, the composition is overwhelmingly
students per school. About 57 per cent of the schools
dominated by co-educational schools followed by all
343
Education
have not more than 100 students per school whereas per school. Only about 6 per cent of the schools have
only 37 per cent of schools have 100-500 students more than 500 students per school
Number of Teachers per School

During 2021-22, more than 50 per cent of all schools About 81 per cent of the DoE-managed schools have
across all types of management have had not more less than 5 teachers per school. This is in sync with
than 2 teachers per school. In the DoE-operated the fact that most of the DoE-managed schools also
schools, more than 60 per cent of them have no have lesser strength of students as compared to other
more than 2 teachers per school. About 69 per cent management-type schools. About 22 per cent of all
of all schools across all types of management have schools across all types of management have 5 to 10
less than 5 teachers per school during 2021-22 as teachers per school and 9 per cent have more than 10
compared to 65 per cent of schools during 2019-20. teachers per school.
Table 11.21: Percentage of Schools by Number of teachers

2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Number of Teachers
per school All All All
DoE DoE DoE
Management Management Management
0 - - - - 0.3 % 0.4 %
1 16.3 % 13.6 % 18.1 % 15.0 % 19.5 % 16.3 %
2 42.9 % 34.4 % 42.0 % 33.8 % 41.4 % 33.8 %
3 11.8 % 10.3 % 11.7 % 10.2 % 11.5 % 10.3 %
4 5.8 % 6.7 % 8.4 % 8.0 % 8.3 % 8.1 %
5 8.5 % 8.0 % 5.6 % 6.4 % 5.5 % 6.3 %
6 4.0 % 5.0 % 3.8 % 4.9 % 3.5 % 4.6 %
7 2.6 % 3.7 % 2.5 % 3.6 % 2.5 % 3.5 %
8 1.9 % 3.2 % 1.7 % 3.2 % 1.7 % 3.0 %
9 1.4 % 2.7 % 1.4 % 2.7 % 1.3 % 2.4 %
10 1.0 % 2.2 % 1.0 % 2.2 % 0.9 % 2.0 %
>10 3.8 % 10.0 % 3.8 % 9.9 % 3.8 % 9.2 %
Total (N) 35370 45477 35357 45199 35438 44855
School-Mergers in Jharkhand
With the objective to maintain the quality of of 10 per cent in the total number of schools during
education and provide sufficient number of quality 2021-22. While the maximum decline is evident in
teachers with adequate infrastructure and also to the case of the number of schools at the Primary level
improve the learning outcomes, the government of (13 per cent), the numbers of both the Upper Primary
Jharkhand has pursued mergers of sub-optimal size and the Secondary level schools have dipped by 7 per
schools. The most recent mergers took place during cent each. A significant increase of 14.5 per cent can
2019-20 and 2021-22. As compared to 2016-17, i.e., be seen in the case of the number of schools at the
before the recent mergers, there has been a decline Higher Secondary level.
344
Table 11.22: Number of Schools before and after Mergers
Primary Middle Secondary Higher
Mergers (Year) Total
Schools School Schools Secondary
Before Merger (2016-17) 24406 12426 1834 860 39526
After Merger (2019-20) 21190 11563 1825 863 35441
After Merger (2021-22) 21183 11565 1705 985 35438
% Change -13.2 -6.9 -7.0 14.5 -10.3
School Facilities in Jharkhand

Student-Classroom Ratio
In terms of the total number of classrooms in schools 22 which augmented from about 23 students per
across all types of management, there were a total classroom during 2019-20. At the Secondary and the
of 322137 classrooms during 2021-22 out of which Higher Secondary levels, there wasa greater number
213620 classrooms were in DoE-managed schools. of students per classroom. The highest density in
The availability of an adequate number of classrooms classrooms can be noted at the Higher Secondary
with respect to the number of students enrolled is an level wherein there were 59 students per classroom
important pointer towards the status of educational during 2021-22 which has amplified significantly
infrastructure. Excluding the category of under- from 54 students per classroom during 2019-20. A
construction classrooms, there were about 25 students similar increase in density can be noted in the case
per classroom during 2021-22 which increased from of the classrooms at the Secondary level wherein the
about 23 students per classroom during 2019-20. At number of students per classroom increased from 36
the Primary level, there were only about 16 students to 40 during 2019-20 to 2021-22. Such an increase in
per classroom during 2021-22 which increased the density of classrooms is a pointer that the increase
marginally from 15 students per classroom during in the number of classrooms has not kept pace with
2019-20. At the Upper Primary level, there were the rise in the enrolment of students.
only about 26 students per classroom during 2021-
Table 11.23: Student-Classroom Ratio in Schools (DoE Schools)

Primary Upper Primary Secondary Higher Secondary Overall
Including the under-construction - classroom
2019-20 14.4 21.7 33.8 50.3 21.6
2020-21 14.4 22.4 34.9 52.9 22.2
2021-22 15.3 24.9 38.8 54.6 24.6
Excluding the under-construction - classrooms
2019-20 15.4 22.7 36.2 54.4 22.9
2020-21 15.3 23.2 36.9 57.2 23.4
2021-22 15.9 25.5 40.3 59.0 25.4
Condition of Classrooms
During 2021-22, most of the classrooms in schools condition. While about 73 per cent of the classrooms
managed by the DoE were reported to be in ‘Good’ were in good a condition, around 10 per cent of
345
Education
the classrooms required minor repairs. Only 9 per Secondary schools were found to be in such condition.
cent of the classrooms required major repairs. The The situation is similar in the case of schools across
situation is almost similar across all levels of school all types of management wherein 75 per cent of the
education.While only three-fourths of the classrooms classrooms in the Primary schools were reported to
in the Primary schools were reported to be in good be in good condition during 2021-22.
condition, 70 per cent of the classrooms in the
Table 11.24: Classroom by Condition (DoE, 2021-22)

Higher
Condition Primary Upper Primary Secondary Total
Secondary
Good % 75.0 71.4 70.1 72.3 72.7
Minor Repair % 9.3 9.5 10.4 9.8 9.5
Major Repair % 8.3 9.6 9.9 8.3 9.1
Total Classrooms (N) 79895 98614 21614 13497 213620
Source: UDISE/ UDISE Plus, 2021-22
Table 11.25: Classroom by Condition: All Management, 2021-22

Upper Higher
Class by Condition Primary Secondary Total
Primary Secondary
Good % 75.2 74.7 78.1 85.2 76.5
Minor Repair % 8.1 7.0 6.4 4.3 6.9
Major Repair % 7.2 6.7 5.6 3.4 6.3
Total Classrooms (N) 94945 148656 42897 35639 322137
The situation is somewhat better at the Upper Schools managed by DoE .

Primary, Secondary and Higher Secondary level
Overall, about 77 per cent of the classrooms in
classrooms in the case of schools across all types of
schools across all types of management are in good
management vis-à-vis DoE-managed schools. About
condition as compared to around 73 per cent of the
75 per cent of the classrooms at the Upper Primary
classrooms in schools managed by the DoE. In terms
level schools across all types of management are in
of repairs, around 10 per cent of the classrooms in
good condition as compared to 71 per cent of such
schools managed by the DoE required minor repairs
classrooms in schools managed by DoE. Similarly,
vis-à-vis 7 per cent of the classrooms in schools
78 per cent of the classrooms at the Secondary level
across all types of management. Similarly, 9 per cent
and 85 per cent at the Higher Secondary level schools
of the classrooms required major repairs in schools
across all types of management are in good condition
managed by the DoE whereas only 6 per cent of the
as compared to 70 per cent of classrooms at the
classrooms in schools across all types of management
secondary level schools managed by DoE and 72 per
needed major repair works.
cent of classrooms at the Higher Secondary Level
Other Basic School Facilities

Most of the DoE-managed schools had the availability boys’ toilet facilities. In terms of availability of other
of basic facilities. During 2021-22, 98 per cent of basic amenities at the DoE-operated schools, about
the DoE-managed schools had the availability of 96 per cent had a library facility and 93 per cent had
functional drinking water facilities, 97 per cent had facilities of electricity. However, the DoE-managed
functional girls’ toilets and 96 per cent of schools had schools have some catching up to do in terms of the
346
availability of playgrounds (52 per cent), boundary 22 as compared to 28 per cent of schools in 2019-20.
walls (30 per cent) and ramps (74 per cent) for the
The DoE-managed schools had better availability
disabled.
of basic amenities when compared to schools across
The availability situation of all these basic amenities all types of management in Jharkhand during 2021-
in the DoE-managed schools has remained somewhat 22. This is true, especially in terms of the extent of
similar over the past few years and there have only availability of functional girls’ toilets, functional
been marginal changes if any. Some notable changes drinking water facilities, library facilities, electricity
have been in terms of the availability of electricity facilities, etc. The provision of ramps for the disabled
facilities which have slightly deteriorated from is available in only 64 per cent of the schools across
coverage of 95 per cent of schools in 2019-20 to 93 all types of management as compared to 74 per cent
per cent in 2021-22. The availability of playground of the schools managed by the DoE. However, in
facilities dipped from covering about 55 per cent of terms of the availability of playground facilities, the
schools in 2019-20 to 52 per cent in 2021-22, and DoE-managed schools have some more road to cover.
that of ramps for the disabled which decreased a bit The provision of playground facilities is available in
from covering about 75 per cent schools in 2019-20 only 52 per cent of the schools managed by the DoE
to 74 per cent in 2021-22. Some improvement can be as compared to 71 per cent of the schools across all
noted in terms of the availability of boundary walls types of management.
which covered about 30 per cent of schools in 2021-
Table 11.26: Availability of Basic Facilities in the Government (DoE) Schools (in%)
Basic Facilities 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Functional Drinking Water (%) 98.44 98.1 98.1
Boys' Toilet (%) 96.66 96.4 96.0
Functional Girls' Toilet (%) 97.74 97.58 97.22
Library (%) 95.27 95.33 95.97
Electricity (%) 95.24 96.4 93.09
Playground (%) 54.72 53.32 52.16
Boundary Wall (%) 28.03 29.15 29.9
Ramps Available (%) 75.34 74.35 74.3
Total Number of Schools 35441 35442 35438
Table 11.27: Percentage of Schools having Laboratories in Jharkhand in DoE Schools

Lab Type Percentage (%) Lab Type Percentage (%)
Physics 29.85 Language 7.01
Chemistry 27.82 Geography 10.25
Biology 27.31 Home Science 6.09
Computer 60.41 Psychology 4.16
Maths 16.35
Note: Number of Higher Secondary Schools of DoE-985
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Education
Figure 11.5: Availability of Infrastructure and Facilities (%) in All Management Schools of Jharkhand 2021-22

Note: Total Number of Schools - 44,855
The DoE managed Higher Secondary schools also schools have laboratories for Home Science, Psychology
moderately fare in terms of the availability of laboratories and Languages. A little more than 10 per cent of DoE
in most of the science subjects, i.e., less than 30 per cent schools at the Higher Secondary level have laboratories
of schools have laboratories for Physics, Chemistry, for Geography. The availability of Computer lab facilities
Biology and Mathematics. Whereas laboratories for is better with above 60 per cent of the DoE-operated
social science subjects are available in very few schools Higher Secondary schools having Computer labs.
at the Higher Secondary level, i.e., less than 10 per cent of
Availability of Teachers and Pupil-Teacher-Ratio

The total number of teachers at the DoE-managed wherein there has been an increase in the number of
schools across all school educational levels has teachers from 9226 to 10891 during the same period.
decreased during the recent few years from 119237 This may be due to the upgradation of schools due
during the year 2019-20 to 115099 during 2021-22. to which the number of schools at this level has also
The decline has happened at every level of school increased correspondingly.
education except at the Higher Secondary level
Table 11.28: Number and Proportion of Teachers (DoE) (Regular + Contract + Part-time)
Years Primary Upper Primary Secondary Higher Secondary Total
2019-20 40043 52851 17117 9226 119237
2020-21 39325 51544 16884 9415 117168
2021-22 38634 50053 15521 10891 115099
Proportion of Teachers
2019-20 33.58 44.32 14.36 7.74 100
2020-21 33.56 43.99 14.41 8.04 100
2021-22 33.57 43.49 13.48 9.46 100
348
The highest percentage of teachers is at the Upper all management types, there has been a steady decline
Primary level (44 per cent) which has declined in their total strength over the last couple of years.
marginally in proportion during the last two years. Their numbers have declined from 224787 to 210418
Nearly one-third of the total teachers are at the Primary during 2019-20 to 2021-22. Their numbers have
level schools and their proportion has remained stable decreased at all levels of school education except at
over the last couple of years. The least proportion of the Higher Secondary level wherein there has been
teachers are at the Higher Secondary level, in sync a gradual increase in the same. The same has been
with the number of schools at this level, but their true for the proportion of teachers across educational
proportion has increased somewhat from 7.7 per cent levels at schools across all management types. The
to 9.5 per cent at the DoE-managed schools during proportion of teachers at the Higher Secondary level
the period from 2019-20 to 2021-22. has increased from 14 per cent to 16 per cent during
the period from 2019-20 to 2021-22.
In terms of the number of teachers at schools across
Table 11.29: Number of Teachers - All Management (Regular + Contract + Part-time)

Year Primary Upper Primary Secondary Higher Secondary Total
2019-20 55777 99823 37767 31420 224787
2020-21 53688 97004 37715 32562 220969
2021-22 50380 91038 35363 33637 210418
Figure 11.6: Proportion of Teachers - All Management (Regular + Contract + Part-time)
With the increase in the enrolment of students across teacher rose to around 69 as compared to 57 during
all levels of education and the decline in the number the same period of 2019-20 to 2021-22. The PTR has
of teachers at almost all levels except at the Higher especially deteriorated at the higher levels of school
Secondary level, the Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR) has education including at the Secondary and Higher
worsened during the last two years, in contrast to the Secondary levels. At the Secondary level, the PTR
trend where it had improved during the preceding five increased from 43 to 51 students per teacher during
years. Overall, the number of students per teacher the same period. The change has been moderate at
increased to about 44 during 2021-22 as compared the Upper Primary level wherein the PTR increased
to 38 students per teacher during 2019-20. The from around 40 students to about 46 students per
increase has been at all levels of school education, teacher. At the Primary level, however, the change
although the same is most prominent at the Higher has only been marginal, i.e., the PTR rose from about
Secondary level wherein the number of students per 29 students to 31 students during the last two years.
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Education
Figure 11.7: Pupil-Teacher-Ratio
Higher Education in Jharkhand

According to the Department of Higher and Technical under the categories of Central University, State
Education, Government of Jharkhand, there are at Open University and Deemed University (Private).
present 36 Universities in the State out of which As compared to 2019-20, there has been an addition
most are State Private Universities (16) followed of one Jharkhand State Open University (JSOU),
by State Public Universities (12). While there are 5 one State Public University and two State Private
Institutes of national importance, there is one each Universities in the state.
Figure 11.8: Distribution of Universities in Jharkhand
Source: Department of Higher and Technical Education, Government of Jharkhand
350
Box 11.3: Establishment of Jharkhand State Open University (JSOU)

To meet the ever-growing demand for higher education from adult learners of the state and to provide
access to higher education to the large segments of the population and in particular, the disadvantaged
groups, such as those living in the remote, rural and tribal areas including working people, Jharkhand
State Open University (JSOU) has been established by Jharkhand State Open University Act, 2021,
dated 23.11.2021 duly passed by the Jharkhand Assembly vide which Jharkhand State Open University
(JSOU) was setup. This newly created State Open University has been mandated to offer Certificate/
Diploma/Degrees/U.G./P.G./Ph.D. among 16 Schools in the distance mode.
The mission of the JSOU is to increase the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education in
Jharkhand. It is also to create a state-wide network of Study Centres to reach out to all parts of the
state and all segments of the society and to create a University-Industry interface. Above all, it aims to
promote inclusiveness in higher education and establish University-community linkages.
The JSOU has jurisdiction over the whole of the State of Jharkhand. The University shall focus on
education, research, and training through the use of new educational technology available to the common
man at affordable cost. All Norms and Regulations prescribed by statutory bodies like UGC, AICTE,
NCTE, NCI, BCI, DEB, MCI etc. shall be strictly followed in offering academic programs by the JSOU.
The headquarters of the University shall be located in Ranchi. To fulfil its mandate, the Open University
shall establish Regional Centres and Study Centres in different parts of the state using the existing
infrastructure of Government/Constituent/Affiliated colleges and other institutions. TheJSOU has also
started admission for its first batch of students in October 2022.It has opened 50 study centres across the
state and has enrolled around 500 students so far.
Source: Chancellor Portal, Government of Jharkhand, and The Times of India, “Govt universities implement NEP despite staff
crunch,” dated 31st December 2022
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/96635198.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_cam-
paign=cppst accessed on December 31, 2022
Box 11.4: Cabinet Approves Establishment of Three More Private Universities in Jharkhand
The Jharkhand Cabinet approved the establishment of three private universities in the state. The State
Higher and Technical Education Department had given proposals for three bills which include the Babu
Dinesh Singh University Bill 2022, Jain University Bill 2022, and Sona Devi University Bill 2022 for
the establishment of these three private universities. The state already has 16 private universities and
one Deemed Private University.
Source:“Jharkhand cabinet nod to set up three more private universities” dated 14th December 2022 https://lagatar24.com/
jharkhand-cabinet-nod-to-set-up-three-more-private-universities/137325/, accessed on December 31, 2022
Enrolment in Higher Education in Jharkhand

Enrolment of students in higher education has was 18 per cent, moderately better than that in the
increased persistently over the years. The GER in case of the STs in Jharkhand (15.6 per cent). But the
higher education systematically indicates the same. GER among the SCs at the national level was way
The overall GER in Jharkhand has increased from better at 23 per cent as compared to that in the case
about 16 per cent in 2015-16 to around 21 per cent of the SCs in Jharkhand (16 per cent).
during 2019-20. However, it still falls far behind the
The GER in Higher education declined marginally
national average of 27 per cent as on 2019-20. The
during the period of 2020-21 due to the Covid-19
GER among the STs and the SCs also lags at around
pandemic and the resultant closure of colleges and
16 per cent as compared to the overall GER of 21 per
universities. However, the GER improved in the
cent. The GER among the STs at the national level
following perod.
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Education
Table 11.30-A : Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Higher Education (18-23 Years) Jharkhand
ALL SC ST
Jharkhand
2020-21 16.5 17.5 17.0 13.4 12.6 13.0 11.6 13.2 12.4
2019-20 17.5 18.7 18.1 14.0 13.1 13.6 12.2 14.3 13.2
2018-19 16.5 16.9 16.7 14.4 13.4 13.9 11.3 12.7 12.0
2017-18 15.8 16.1 15.9 13.0 11.5 12.3 10.4 11.7 11.1
2016-17 16.0 15.8 15.9 12.8 11.2 12.0 10.2 12.3 11.3
Table 11.30-B : Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Higher Education (18-23 Years) India
ALL SC ST
India
2020-21 26.7 27.9 27.3 22.4 23.9 23.1 18.8 19.1 18.9
2019-20 24.8 26.4 25.6 21.5 23.2 22.3 17.0 17.0 17.0
2018-19 24.4 25.5 24.9 21.4 22.8 22.0 16.7 16.1 16.4
2017-18 24.5 24.6 24.6 21.0 21.0 21.0 16.0 14.5 15.3
2016-17 24.3 23.8 24.1 20.8 19.9 20.3 15.8 13.9 14.8
Source: The All-India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) Report, 2020-21
The social group-wise composition of enrolment at Backward Castes (OBCs) in total enrolments from
various levels of higher education during the last five 34.6 per cent during 2015-16 to 40.6 per cent during
years in Jharkhand depicts a marginal decline in the 2019-20 in Jharkhand. Apart from STs, SCs, and
share of the SCs in total enrolments and a marginal OBCs, the share of other social groups has declined
increase in the share of the STs during the period from considerably from 38.9 per cent to 31.7 per cent
2015-16 to 2019-20. There has been a substantial during the same period in the state.
increase in the share of those belonging to the Other
Figure 11.9: Social Group-wise Enrolment at Various Levels During the Last 5 years
Note: Calculation is based on the total number of responses as given in the AISHE 2019-20 Report
352
Gender Parity Index in Higher Education
The Gender Parity Index (GPI) in higher education national average has been marginally better from
in Jharkhand has improved considerably during the 0.92 to 1.01 during the same period. The most drastic
last five years. It increased from 0.92 to 1.00 during improvement in gender parity in Jharkhand can be
the period from 2015-16 to 2019-20 in Jharkhand, noted during 2018-19 to 2019-20 wherein the GPI
while the improvement in GPI in the case of the bettered from 0.96 to 1.00.
Table 11.31: Gender Parity Index (GPI) in Higher Education (18-23 Years)
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
India 0.98 1.01 1.05 1.06 1.5
Jharkhand 0.98 1.02 1.02 1.06 1.06

Pupil-Teacher Ratio in Higher Education

The Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR) in higher education teachers at higher education institutes coupled with
seems to be a major problem area for Jharkhand. The an increased enrolment of students at the higher
number of students per teacher at higher educational educational levels is the prime factor causing very
institutes, including colleges and universities, is high PTR at this level. To make things worse, the
extremely high in Jharkhand as compared to the PTR has been rapidly increasing during the last few
national average. The infrequent appointment of years in Jharkhand.
Table 11.32: Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) in Higher Education (18-23 Years)
University & its
State/UTs All Institutions University & Colleges
Constituent Units
Regular & Regular & Regular &
Regular Regular Regular
Distance Distance Distance
Mode Mode Mode
Mode Mode Mode
India
2019-20 26 23 32 28 38 18
2018-19 26 24 33 29 39 18
2017-18 29 25 34 30 46 20
2016-17 26 23 28 25 26 19
2015-16 23 20 24 21 37 16
Jharkhand
2019-20 60 54 85 77 64 37
2018-19 60 54 81 73 62 29
2017-18 59 56 77 72 49 26
2016-17 61 56 66 56 34 28
2015-16 52 48 54 50 51 24
Source: The All-India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) Reports, Respective Rounds
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Education
The PTR at all higher educational institutions distance mode wherein there are as many 85 students
operating in regular mode in Jharkhand stood at 54 per teacher in regular mode. There are 77 students
during 2019-20 which is more than double that of the per teacher in Jharkhand as on 2019-20. The national
national average (PTR = 23). The same is true for all averages are way better at 32 students per teacher at
higher educational institutions operating in regular the universities and colleges operating in regular and
and distance mode wherein there are 60 students per distance mode and 28 students per teacher in regular
teacher in Jharkhand as compared to only 26 students mode. Urgent measures are necessary to bridge
per teacher at the national level during the same this huge gap to ensure a decent quality of higher
period. The situation is worrisome, especially in the education in the state.
universities and colleges operating in regular and
Number of Colleges and Average Enrolment per College

The various indicators of the status of higher education strength of 323 colleges in 2019-20. This amounts to
in the state are not very encouraging. The trends over less than 1 per cent (0.76 per cent) of the total number
the last five years also show persistent deterioration of colleges in India. This share has also reduced from
in the same. While the total number of colleges in the 0.84 per cent in 2015-16 to 0.76 per cent in 2019-20.
state was 328 during 2015-16, it stands reduced to a
Table 11.33: Number of Colleges during the last 5 years
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
India 40026 39050 39931 42343 43796
Jharkhand 307 309 313 323 336

The density of colleges, in terms of the number of colleges has increased at the national level from 28
colleges per lakh population, in Jharkhand stands at to 30 colleges per lakh population during the period
a mere 8 colleges per lakh population as compared from 2015-16 to 2019-20, the same has declined in
to the national average being 30 colleges per lakh Jharkhand from 9 to 8 colleges per lakh population
population during 2019-20. While the density of during the same period.
Table 11.34: Number of Colleges per Lakh Population during the last 5 years
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
India 28 28 28 28 30
Jharkhand 9 8 8 8 8
The average enrolment of students per college in quality education at higher educational institutions
Jharkhand stands at 1938 students per college as in the state. While the average enrolment of students
compared to the national average being only 680 per college has decreased at the national level from
students per college during 2019-20. This is mainly 721 to 680 students per college during the period
due to the lesser number of colleges in the state vis- from 2015-16 to 2019-20, the same has increased in
à-vis its population, resulting in a poor density of Jharkhand from 1716 to 1938 students per college
availability of colleges per lakh population. Owing during the same period. This reflects a grim situation
to such a dearth in the availability of colleges in the for higher education in the state.
state, the average enrolment of students per college
is extremely high, further posing a challenge for
354
Table 11.35: Average Enrolment per College during the last 5 years
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
India 721 659 698 693 680
Jharkhand 1716 1786 1786 1875 1938
The gender composition of the student out-turn/ their male counterparts. However, at the PhD level,
pass-out at various levels of higher education in the share of male students passing out is much higher
Jharkhand during the year 2019-20 depicts that at (59 per cent). Similarly, at the Diploma (69 per cent),
the undergraduate (55 per cent), post-graduate (65 PG Diploma (68 per cent) and Integrated levels (60
per cent) and M. Phil (59 per cent) levels, the share per cent), the share of male pass outs is again higher.
of female students passing out is higher compared to
Table 11.36: Student Out-turn/Pass-Out at various levels of Higher Education (2019-20)

Levels Gender Number Percentage Levels Gender Number Percentage
Male 306 58.5 Male 724 67.7
PhD. Female 217 41.5 PG Diploma Female 346 32.3
Total 523 100 Total 1070 100
Male 39 40.6 Male 5486 69
M. Phil Female 57 59.4 Diploma Female 2461 31
Total 96 100 Total 7947 100
Male 8443 35.4 Male 499 44.3
Post Graduate Female 15433 64.6 Certificate Female 628 55.7
Total 23876 100 Total 1127 100
Male 62340 45.3 Male 373 59.9
Under Graduate Female 75202 54.7 Integrated Female 250 40.1
Total 137542 100 Total 623 100
Male 78210 45.3
Grand Total Female 94594 54.7
Total 172804 100
Box 11.5: Savitribai Phule Kishori Samriddhi Yojana (SPKSY) launched in Jharkhand
To improve the education of girls in the state, the Savitribai Phule Kishori Samriddhi Yojana (SPKSY)
was launched in October 2022 by the Chief Minister of Jharkhand as part of the “Aapki Yojana Aapki
Sarkar Aapke Dwar” campaign. It is an effort of the state government to facilitate the education of
adolescent girls and a step towards women empowerment and gender justice. The goal of the programme
is not only to provide financial assistance but also to improve the education of adolescent girls. Nine
lakh adolescent girls of the state shall be covered by this scheme.
While the girl students enrolled in Classes VIII and IX shall receive a financial assistance of Rs 2500,
those enrolled in Classes X and XII shall receive a financial assistance of Rs 5000. The girls of age 18-
19 years shall receive a lump sum grant of Rs 20,000.
Source:“Jansewake 3 warsh”, Information & Public Relations Department, Government of Jharkhandand The New Indian Ex-
355
Education
press, “Nine lakh girls to be educated under Savitribai Phule KishoriSamriddhi Yojana in Jharkhand”, https://www.edexlive.com/
news/2023/jan/04/nine-lakh-girls-to-be-educated-under-savitribai-phule-kishori-samriddhi-yojana-in-jharkhand-33135.html , pub-
lished: 04th January 2023
Box 11.6: Marang Gomke Jaipal Singh Munda Overseas Scholarship Scheme Expanded for
Minorities, SCs, STs and OBCs
The Jharkhand government has partnered with the UK government’s FCDO (Foreign and Commonwealth
and Development Office) to jointly fund the Chevening-Marang Gomke Jaipal Singh Munda Scholarship
to provide opportunities for students of Jharkhand belonging to the SC, the ST, the OBC and other
minorities in the next three academic years starting from September 2023. The scheme has been
expanded to include up to 25 students from Scheduled Castes, minorities, and Other Backward Classes
(OBCs) along with Scheduled Tribes to help them pursue higher education in the United Kingdom.
The state government has also increased the allocated budget for the scholarship to ₹ 16 crores per year
which is subject to increase if necessary.
The expansion of the overseas scholarship scheme which aims to push for mainstreaming of minorities
would provide students with an opportunity to pursue 1 year Master’s programme or 2 years’ M Phil
programme across various disciplines which have been increased to 31 after 9 new disciplines were
added. Students up to 35 years of age, belonging to Jharkhand can apply for the academic year 2022-
2023.
In the preceding year, 7 students were provided with scholarship under the scheme who are currently
pursuing their higher education at Loughborough University, University of Warwick, University of
Sussex, and University Colleges in different disciplines.
Source: “Jharkhand Government Expands Overseas Scholarship For Minorities, SC, ST, OBC”, NDTV, published: June 04, 2022,
https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/marang-gomke-jaipal-singh-munda-overseas-scholarship-scheme-jharkhand-overseas-scholar-
hip-marang-munda-scholarship-expanded-3037713
Hostel Facilities for Students Pursuing Higher Education

During 2019-20, there are 316 boys’ hostels as per cent are residing in the hostels (36290 students)
compared to only 241 girls’ hostels. Overall, there are out of the intake capacity of 49380 students. As
572 hostels available in the state for students pursuing compared to the boys’ hostels, about 65 per cent of
higher education. As compared to the total intake girls are residing in the girls’ hostels (20778 students)
capacity, about 70 per cent of students are residing which has an intake capacity of 32223 students.
in these hostels. In the case of boys’ hostels, about 74
Table 11.37: Hostel Facilities for Students Pursuing Higher Education (2019-20)
Number of Hostels, Intake and Students Residing
Number 316
Intake 49380
Boys
Residing 36290
% Residing 73.5
Number 241
Intake 32223
Girls
Residing 20778
% Residing 64.5
356
Number of Hostels, Intake and Students Residing

Number 15
Others Intake 877
Residing 486
% Residing 55.4
Number 572
Total Intake 82480
Residing 57554
% Residing 69.8
State Action Plans to Enhance Higher Education

To enhance higher education, efforts have been provide ample opportunities for higher and technical
made for the provision of financial assistance to the education.
meritorious girls of the state in order to encourage
Efforts are being made by the state government to
them to take up technical education.
appoint teachers to enhance quality education in
The state government is increasing the number of government educational institutions.
technical educational institutions in Jharkhand to
Vocation and Technical Education

There are at present 43 Polytechnic institutions in institutions. While about 49 per cent of the seats are
the state out of which 18 are in the private sector, 17 available in private Polytechnic institutions, around
of them in the Government sector and 8 are being 31 per cent of them exists in public-run Polytechnic
operated through public-private partnership mode. institutions.
There is a total of 12220 seats in the Polytechnic
Table 11.38: Number and types of Polytechnics in the State
Sl.
Type of Polytechnic No of Polytechnic No. of Total Seats % Of Total Seats
No.
1 Government 17 3730 30.5
2 PPP Mode 8 2520 20.6
3 Private 18 5970 48.9
Total 43 12220 100
Source: Department of Higher Education, Government of Jharkhand
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Education
Table 11.39: Number and types of Engineering Colleges in the State
Type of Engineering No Engineering Total No. of % Of Seats Total No. of % Of Seats
Sl. No.
Colleges Colleges Seats (U.G) (U.G) Seats (P.G) (P.G)
1 Government 3 1190 25.0 196 35.1

2 PPP Mode 3 900 18.9 00 0.0
3 Private 11 2975 62.4 363 64.9
Total 17 4765 100 559 100
Source: Department of Higher Education, Government of Jharkhand
There are currently 17 Engineering Colleges in the courses at the Engineering Colleges. While about 62
state out of which 11 are in the private sector, 3 are per cent of the UG seats and 65 per cent of the PG
in the government sector and 3 are being operated seats are available in private Engineering Colleges,
through the public-private partnership mode. There around 25 per cent of the UG seats and 35 per cent
area total of 4765 seats in the undergraduate (UG) of the PG seats are there in Engineering Colleges of
courses and 559 seats in the post-graduate (PG) the public sector.
Skill Development Training Programmes

The Jharkhand Skill Development Mission Society deficit with a view to meeting burgeoning market
(JSDMS) has been established with the vision to demand for skilled manpower.
catalyse skill development initiatives in Jharkhand
JSDMS provides skill development training to the
that aim at empowering individuals by equipping
youth of the state under various Skill Development
them with industry-demanded skills leading to
Training Programmes. The year 2022 recorded
sustainable livelihood opportunities and economic
unprecedented growth in the total number of
growth of the state. Its mission is to increase the
candidates trained as well as placed through JSDMS
capacity of the system to deliver quality skill
as compared to the preceding years of 2020 and
training and professional knowledge to the youth
2021 wherein the training and placement figures
to enhance their employability and bridge the skill
were greatly hit by the pandemic situation.
Figure 11.10: Number of Candidates Trained and Placed by the JSDMS in the State
Source: https://jsdm.jharkhand.gov.in/jsdm/cms/en/
358
The various Skill Development Training Programmes under JSDMS are:
Saksham Jharkhand Kaushal Vikas Yojana (SJKVY)

The SJKVY scheme aims to facilitate employment of Tourism & Hospitality, Telecom, Security,
to 70 per cent of successful trainees through Retail, Plumbing, Logistics, IT/ITES, Electronics,
placement-linked and self-employment training in Domestic Worker, Construction, Capital Goods,
various trades/courses affiliated to different Sector BFSI, Beauty & Wellness, Automotive, Apparel,
Skill Councils (SSC). The SJKVY aims at providing Agriculture, Food Processing, Healthcare, Iron &
quality skills training to youth in the age group of 18- Steel and Mining. Ever since the operationalisation
35 years and is being implemented across the state of the Main phase on December 27, 2016, a total
of Jharkhand. The training programmes are aligned number of 123789 candidates were trained under
with the National Skills Qualification Framework the SJKVY, out of which about 56 per cent of the
(NSQF) and are responsive to the industry needs. candidates were certified and 28 per cent have been
The quality skills training is provided in the sectors placed.
Figure 11.11: Total Number of Candidates Trained and Placed under the SJKVY
Figure 11.12: Total Number of Candidates Trained and Placed under EXCEL
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Education
Employability Excellence with College Education & Learning (EXCEL)
The programme is designed for 10+2 passed out thereby increasing the employability of youth in
students from colleges across the state of Jharkhand. the industry. The government aims to train 51,000
It is to be run in the college campus itself by setting students in 100 Colleges of 5 state universities in
up classrooms and labs. The programme being 4 years. The programme is open for government,
implemented in colleges, runs parallel to the on- constituent as well as private colleges in the state.
going traditional education programmes, offering Ever since its operationalisation on August 09, 2017,
skill-building as a career option to the youth. The a total number of 5972 candidates were trained
programme is structured to impart life skills and under EXCEL, out of which about 65 per cent of the
soft skills such as English communication, computer candidates were certified and 39 per cent have been
skills, in addition to the regular domain specific skills placed.
acquired through class room and practical training,
Deen Dayal Upadhyay Kaushal Kendra (Mega Skill Centre)

In order to bring private sector efficiency for build skills with deeper technical acumen combined
management of facilities and delivering quality with mandatory on job training so as to make them
services through efficient utilization of available industry ready. Ever since its operationalisation in
resources, JSDMS intends to set up, operate, October 2017, a total number of 115129 candidates
maintain, and manage Mega Skill Centres through were trained under DDUKK out of which 70 per cent
Public Private Partnership mode. It has been named of the candidates were certified and 23 per cent have
as the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Kaushal Kendra been placed.
(DDUKK) which conducts the training programmes
of longer duration. It enables candidates to help
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

To enhance the career/ employability opportunities of and usually pertain to self-employed/ livelihood
a working individual as well as to provide alternative or much unorganized workforce. Ever since its
routes to higher education and also to align the operationalisation in May 2018, a total number of
competencies of the un-regulated workforce, the RPL 4453 candidates were trained under the RPL out of
Camps are organised for workforce which is largely which 8.4 per cent of the candidates were assessed
available in an industrial cluster/ traditional clusters. and certified.
These RPL centres target scattered workforce
Figure 11.13: Total Number of Candidates Trained and Placed under the DDUKK
360
Figure 11.14: Total Number of Candidates Trained and Certified under the RPL
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)

The PMKVY has been operational since July, 2018. per cent of the state’s target. Jharkhand has received
The sectors and trade covered under the scheme are a target of skill-building of 57,668 persons to be
Beauty & Wellness, IT/ITES, Apparel, Healthcare, completed in the next three years under the CSSM
Logistic, Green Jobs and Electronics. The flagship component.
scheme of PMKVY-2 is proposed to be implemented
through the State Skill Development Missions for 25
Conclusion
The male literacy rate in Jharkhand (82.3 per cent) 2019-20 to 2021-22 in Jharkhand as compared to a
stands relatively comparable to the all-India average gradual decline in the GPI for Higher Secondary at
of 85.9 per cent which depicts that the state has made the national level during the same period. The GPI in
decent progress in advancing it in the state. The enrolment of students with special needs is heavily
highest literacy rates in the state have been recorded tilted in favour of girls at almost all higher levels of
for urban males, i.e., around 92 per cent whereas school education, especially at the Higher Secondary
the rural females recorded the lowest literacy rates level (GPI = 1.59) for the year 2021-22.
of around 60 per cent. A special emphasis is needed
The dropout rates of students declined significantly
to promote female education in the state.Consistent
for all levels of school education in the state during
efforts are being made in this direction with visible
the recent years. The most significant decline in
results in enrolment and gender parity, however,
dropout rates was noted at the Secondary and the
there is still a long way to go.
Higher Secondary levels.
There has been an impressive increase in enrolment
During 2021-22, most of the classrooms in schools
of students at the Secondary (8.7 per cent) and
managed by the DoE were reported to be in ‘Good’
Higher Secondary (5.9 per cent) levels of education
condition. The DoE-managed schools had better
during 2020-21 and 2021-22.The enrolement of girls
availability of basic amenities when compared to
at all levels of school education has been much better
schools across all types of management in Jharkhand
vis-à-vis that of the boys. At the Higher Secondary
during 2021-22, especially in terms of the extent of
level, there has been a constant increase in the
availability of functional girls’ toilets, functional
enrolment of girls vis-à-vis that of the boys during
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Education
drinking water facilities, library facilities, electricity higher educational institutes, including colleges
facilities, etc. and universities, is extremely high in Jharkhand as
compared to the national average. The PTR at all
There has been an addition of one Jharkhand State
higher educational institutions operating in regular
Open University (JSOU), one State Public University
mode in Jharkhand stood at 54 during 2019-20, which
and two State Private Universities in the state. The
is more than double that of the national average (PTR
GER in higher education systematically indicates
= 23). The situation is worrisome, especially at the
that the enrolment of students in higher education has
universities and colleges operating in regular and
increased persistently over the years. The share of
distance mode where in there are as many 85 students
female students passing out is higher when compared
per teacher and in regular mode where there are 77
to their male counterparts at the undergraduate, post-
students per teacher in Jharkhand during 2019-20.
graduate and M.Phil. levels.
The PTR has been rapidly increasing during the last
However, the Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR) in higher few years in Jharkhand which can hamper the quality
education seems to be a major problem area for of higher education in the state. Urgent measures are
Jharkhand. The number of students per teacher at necessary to bridge this huge gap to ensure a decent
quality of higher education in the state.
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Chapter 12
363
I. Introduction
The state’s concerted efforts to improve the health further expected to increase to 40.95 million by 2026.
status must be lauded, however, a lot is still to be Moreover, as per the projected figures, the proportion
done to bring the state in the forefront of human of elderly may also increase by 2036 as evident from
development. Most of the health outcomes reported the figures below. The population pyramid shown
in the state are higher than the national average. In below is bottom heavy, implying that the state has
most of the indicators of SDG-3, which represent a large population of children, teenagers and young
Good Health and Well-Being, the status of Jharkhand adults, similar to that of India. It also implies that the
is better than the national average. It is very close to proportion of non-working population is higher than
achieving the GDG-3 targets set for the year 2030. the working age population. The projection shows
that by 2036, the proportion of children and young
The total projected population of Jharkhand was
population is expected to shrink and the female
estimated to be 38.47 million in 2021, which is
population is likely to increase slightly.
Figure 12.1: Projected Population of Jharkhand
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Source: Compiled from the Report of the Technical Group on Population Projections, 2020
1. Progress of SDG-3 in Jharkhand vs India

Jharkhand, like the other parts of the country, is overall health of the nation.To asses this the NITI
working assiduously to achieve all the Sustainable Aayogselected a set of 10 indicators which captures
Development Goals (SDG) by 2030. Among all the eight out of thirteen targets under this goal. These
SDGs, Goal 3 of the SDG, i.e., Good Health and indicators show how the state has performed in
Well-Being is one of the most important as it reflects comparison to India and the set SDG targets.
Table 12.1: Performance of Jharkhand and India on indicators of SDG 3

Indicators Jharkhand India Target
Maternal mortality ratio per 1,00,000 live births 71 113 70
Mortality rate per 1,000 live births under 5 years of age 34 36 25
Fully immunized children in the age group of 9 to 11 months (%) 94 91 100
Notification rate of tuberculosis cases per 1,00,000 population 146 177 242
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence per 1,000 uninfected
0.04 0.05 0
population
Suicide rate per 1,00,000 population 4.4 10.4 3.5
Death rate due to road traffic accidents per 1,00,000 population 10 12 6
Institutional deliveries out of the total deliveries reported (%) 96 94 100
Monthly per capita out of pocket expenditure on health as a share of
11 13 8
monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE)
Number of physicians, nurses and midwives per 10,000 population 4 37 45
Source: NITI Aayog (2021), SDG India Index & Dashboard 2020-21 Partnerships in the Decade of Action
366
The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is defined per 1,000 uninfected population is 0.04 which is less
as the number of maternal deaths during a given than the national level of 0.05.However, the target
period per 100,000 live births during the same time rate is 0 which the state has still to achieve. The
period. It is observed that the MMR in Jharkhand (71 suicide rate per 1,00,000 population in the state is 4.4
per 100,000 live births) is much lower than that of which is less than half of the all-India level of 10.4
India (113 per 100,000 live births)and is very close This needs to be reduced further. In terms of road
to the SDG target (70 per 100,000 live births). This safety indicator, it is observed that the death rate/
can be seen as a crucial achievement for the state as casualty due to road traffic accidents per 1,00,000
reduction in the MMR also reflects better antenatal population in Jharkhand is 10 which is also less than
care during pregnancy. the national level of 12.This has to be reduced to 6 in
order to achieve the SDG target.
The next indicator is the Under Five Mortality Rate
(U5MR).It measures the probability that a child In case of institutional deliveries, out of the total
born in a specific year or period will die before deliveries reported (in percentage) it is 96 percent
reaching the age of 5 years, subject to the age- in Jharkhand, which is 2 percent higher than the
specific mortality rates of that period. This indicator all-India level of 94 percent. However, more efforts
is the number of children who die by the age of 5 have to be made to reach the target level of 100
years, per 1000 live births. It is also included in percent. Further, it is observed that the monthly
the WHO Global reference list of 100 core health per capita out of pocket expenditure on health as a
indicators. In Jharkhand, though the U5MR (34 per share of monthly per capita consumption expenditure
1000 live births)is lower than the national average (MPCE) in Jharkhand is 11 percent which is also
(36 per 1000 live births), it is still higher than the lesser than 13 percent at the all-India level. The
target level (25 per 1000 live births). In terms of state has to work towards reducing the out-of-pocket
immunization, i.e., fully immunized children in the expenditure to 8 percent which is also the targeted
age group of 9 to11 months,the state has achieved 94 level. The reduction in ‘out-of-pocket expenditure’
percent immunization which is a little higher than 91 or payments are crucial since these are those which
percent at the national level. are directly borne by a patient where insurance does
not cover the full cost of the health goods or service.
Another important SDG is the notification rate of
They include cost-sharing,self-medication and other
tuberculosis cases per 1,00,000 population. The
expenditure paid directly by the private households.
notification rate is an index of active tuberculous
disease which has been recognised and notified by the Evidently, the state is performing efficiently in
national health authorities during a specified period of achieving the targets and ensuring that the country
time. In Jharkhand the notification rate of tuberculosis is able to reach its goals by 2030. In the subsequent
is 146 per 100,000 population compared to India sections,a discussion on the status of health in
level of 177 per 100,000 population. In Jharkhand,the Jharkhand in comparison to India is made.
incidence of HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)
2. Health status of Jharkhand

The status of health amongst children and adults improvements, however there is a huge disparity
in the state of Jharkhand have made significant across the districts in the levels of outcomes achieved.
2.1 Child Health

i. Mortality Indicators- Jharkhand vs India
The three mostly used mortality indicators to the state is certainly higher than the national average,
measure the health of children are ‘neonatal’, ‘infant’ however at a disaggregate level the IMR and U5MR
and ‘under-five’. Keeping the rates at a check is a in urban areas are lower than the nation average.
challenging task for the state. The three indicators in
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Figure 12.2: Child Mortality Indicators- Jharkhand and India
Source: Compiled from the report of the NFHS-5
Figure 12.3: Child Mortality Indicators in Jharkhand- 2015-16 and 2019-21
Source: Compiled from the report of the NFHS-5 and NFHS-4
Undoubtedly, the state’s performance in improving witnessedreduction as compared to the previous

the health indicators is remarkable as evident round of NFHS, although marginally.
from figure 12.3. The mortality indicators have
368
ii. Nutritional indicators- Jharkhand vs India
Lack of nutrition is another problem the state is a greater risk of delivering an infant with low birth
grappling with. High rates of malnutrition result weight, contributing to the intergenerational cycle of
into poor growth and development of a child and malnutrition, because infants of low birth weight or
can ultimately lead to future economic losses. Using retarded intrauterine growth tend be shorter as adults.
four measures,viz. stunted, wasted, underweight It is observed from figure 12.4that in Jharkhand
and overweight, the nutrition status of children is around 39.6 percent of the children are stunted which
compared with the all-India level. is higher than the all-India average of 35.5 percent.
It is also much higher in the rural areas of the state.
‘Stunted’ or ‘Stunting’ is understood as the impaired
growth and development that children experience ‘Wasted’ means low-weight for height, i.e., weight-
because of poor nutrition, repeated infection, and for-height which is less than equal to-2 SD of the
inadequate psychosocial stimulation. Children are WHO Child growth standards median. It is observed
defined as stunted if their height-for-age is more than from figure-12.4that in Jharkhand around 22.4 percent
2 standard deviations (SD) below the WHO Child of the children are wasted which is higher than the
Growth Standards median. Children who suffer from all-India average of 19.3 percent. It also almost the
growth retardation as a result of poor diet or due to same in both the rural and urban areas of the state. A
recurrent infections tend to be at a greater risk of higher number of wasted children in a state reflect the
illness and death. Stunting is the result of long-term prevalence of lack of nutrition among the children.
and prolonged nutritional deprivation and often results It is basically a symptom of acute malnutrition,
in delayed mental development, poor performance usually as a consequence of insufficient food intake
at school and reduced intellectual capacity. In turn, or a high incidence of infectious diseases, especially
this also affects the overall economic productivity diarrhoea. Wasting also impairs the functioning of
at the national level. Women of short stature tend to the immune system and can lead to increased severity
have greater risk related to obstetric complications and duration and susceptibility to infectious diseases.
because of a smaller pelvis. They alsoexperience It can also cause increased risk of death.
Figure 12.4: Nutritional Indicators- Jharkhand vs India
369
A child can be referred to as underweight if his/ from obesity are most likely to suffer from both short-
her ‘weight for age’ is less than or equal to -2 SD term and long-term health related consequences. The
of the WHO child growth standards median. One of most significant health related outcome of obesity
the risks that an underweight child has is that the are cardiovascular diseases which mainly consist of
mortality risk increases even for those who are mildly heart disease and stroke, diabetes-musculoskeletal
underweight. This risk of mortality is much higher in disorders, especially osteoarthritis and, cancers of the
severely underweight children. From figure 12.4,it is endometrium, breast and colon. From figure12.4, it
observed that 39.4 percent of children in Jharkhand is observed that 2.8 percent of children in Jharkhand
are underweight which is much higher than the all- are overweight. This is much lesser than the all-India
India level of 32.1 percent. level of 3.4 percent.
A child is referred to as overweight if his/her ‘weight It is observed that a high proportion of children are
for height’ is greater than or equal to +2 SD of the either ‘stunted’, ‘wasted’ or ‘underweight’ in the
WHO child growth standards median. Obesity state against the national average. However, the
in childhood is highly associated with a higher national figure for overweight children is higher
probability of obesity in adulthood. This can lead than the state figure, indicating the double burden
to a variety of health-related problems, disabilities of nutrition. While comparing these figures with the
and diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular previous years, it is observed that three nutritional
diseases. The risks for most non-communicable indicators have witnessed a marginal decline, while
diseases (NCDs) resulting from obesity partly the proportion of overweight children have increased
depends on age at the onset and the duration of slightly.
obesity. Children and adolescents who are suffering
Figure 12.5: Nutritional Indicators in Jharkhand- 2015-16 and 2019-21
District level achievements of nutritional indicators in Jharkhand

An analysis of the ‘Stunted’, ‘Wasted’ and of the key nutritional indicators,it is important to see
‘Underweight’ rate across the districts of Jharkhand the performance of each of the districts in the state.
highlight the level of inequality. Since, these are some
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Figure 12.6: Nutritional Indicators across districts of Jharkhand
Figure-12.6 shows that the performance of these it is highest in Ranchi and Saraikela Kharsawan (33
key indicators of nutrition, i.e., ‘Stunted’, ‘Wasted’ percent) each. For the ‘underweight’, it is observed
and ‘Underweight’ which varies across districts. that it is lowest in Dhanbad (23 percent), whereas it is
The proportion of children with stunting is found to highest in West Singhbhum (62 percent) followed by
be lowest in Dhanbad (27 percent) and Ranchi (28 Pakur (51 percent). One important observation is that
percent), whereas it is highest in West Singhbhum for all of the nutritional indicators, there is a huge
(61 percent) followed by Pakur (51 percent) In difference between the lowest and the highest level of
case of ‘Wasted’, it is observed that the proportion outcomes. This suggests that within the state, some
of children with ‘low weight for height’ is found of the districts are really doing well when it comes to
to be lowest in Hazaribagh (16 percent), closely the nutritional outcomes whereas others are lagging
followed by Chatra (17 percent). On the other hand behind. This is causing the state average to increase.
iii. Anaemia Indicators- Jharkhand vs India

Anaemia is a serious global public health problem within them is lower than normal. The most
that particularly affects young children and pregnant common causes of anaemia include deficiencies
women. The WHO estimates that around 42 percent in nutrition, particularly iron deficiency, though
of children below 5 years of age and around 40 deficiencies in folate, vitamins B12 and vitamin A
percent of pregnant women are anaemic. Anaemia is are also important causes. Other causes may include
a condition of iron deficiency in which the number haemoglobinopathies and infectious diseases such as
of red blood cells or the haemoglobin concentration malaria, tuberculosis, HIV and parasitic infections.
371
Figure12.7: Children aged 6-59 months who are anaemic (<11.0 g/dl) - Jharkhand vs India
Figure-12.7 shows the proportion of children (6- are similar when a comparison is drawn between the
59 months of age) in Jharkhand and India who are rural and urban setting for the state. The proportion
anaemic. It is observed that in Jharkhand, there are of children reported to be anaemic has also reduced
around 67.5 percent of children in the age group when compared to previous year. In 2015-16, around
(6-59 months) who are anaemic which is similar to 70 per cent of children were reported to be anaemic,
the all-India level of 67.1 percent. Also,the results which fell marginally to 67.5 per cent in 2019-21.
iv. Immunization indicators- Jharkhand vs India

Immunization is basically a process undertaken due to by vaccine. Under India's Universal Immunization
which a person or a child becomes protected against a Programme, there are mainly 12 different vaccines
disease through vaccination. The term immunization which are provided to the beneficiaries free of cost
is often used interchangeably with vaccination through the government health system. These are
or inoculation. Immunization rate is basically – BCG, OPV, Hepatitis B, Pentavalent, Rotavirus
understood as the percent of the target population Vaccine*, PCV*, IPV, Measles/MR*, JE*, DPT, and
that has received the last recommended dose for TT.
each vaccine recommended in the national schedule
Figure12.8: Immunization rates (6-23 months)- Jharkhand vs India
372
Figure- 12.8 shows the immunization rate among the in this particular age group in the state is 73.9 percent
children in the age group of 6-23 months. Here the which is lower than the all-India level of 76.4 percent.
immunization rate is compared between Jharkhand It is also less when compared across the rural and the
and India. It is observed that the immunization rate urban setting.
Figure 12.9: Immunization rates (9-11 months) over the years
Source: Department of Health, Medical Education & Family Welfare, Government of Jharkhand
Figure- 12.9 shows the immunization rates (9-11 rates over the years, however, in 2021-22, the
months) from 2018-19 to 2022-23 (upto September). proportion of immunized children fell slightly as
There has been modest increase in the immunization compared to its previous year.
Figure12.10: Immunization rates (at 5 years) over the years
Figure-12.10 shows the immunization rates (at 5 attention and efforts from the government, it is
years) from 2018-19 to 2022-23 (upto September). believed that immunization in the state will increase
Here, the results are very positive. It is observed that rapidly and the coming years will see better results in
the immunization rates at 5 years of age in Jharkhand terms of higher immunization rates at in the segment
has increased from 38 percent in 2018-19 to 50 of 5 years of age group.
percent in 2022-23 (upto September). With adequate
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District level estimates of Immunization in Jharkhand
Table-12.2 shows the district level estimates of the and ‘Immunization at 5 Years’ are shown across all
immunization in Jharkhand. Here, the percentage of the districts of Jharkhand.
children with ‘Full Immunization’ (9-11 Months),
Table12.2: District level estimates of Immunization (in percentage)

Districts Full Immunization (9-11 Immunization at
Months) 5 Years
Bokaro 100 56
Chatra 97 49
Deoghar 85 60
Dhanbad 94 42
Dumka 92 64
East Singhbhum 95 52
Garhwa 81 46
Giridh 94 44
Godda 97 37
Gumla 99 41
Hazaribagh 85 61
Jamtara 77 62
Khunti 94 69
Koderma 88 56
Latehar 103 64
Lohardaga 97 56
Pakur 95 53
Palamu 90 30
Ramgarh 81 60
Ranchi 94 50
Sahibganj 81 30
Saraikella 89 60
Simdega 91 49
West Singhbhum 85 44
Jharkhand 91 50
It is observed that ‘Full Immunization’ (9-11 percent). Further, Chatra, Godda and Lohardaga have
Months), Bokaro and Latehar have achieved100 achieved 97 percent immunization rate. The district
percent immunization rate, followed by Gumla (99 of Jamtara has the lowest level of immunization rate
374
(77 percent) which is far lower than the state-average of 69 percent, followed by Dumka and Latehar (64
(Jharkhand) figure of 91 percent. percent). The lowest level of immunization in this
category is observed in two districts, viz.,Palamu and
In case of ‘Immunization at 5 Years of age’,
Sahibganj (30 percent), which is far lower than the
Khunti district has the highest immunization rate
state-average (Jharkhand) figure of 50 percent.
v. Childhood disease- Jharkhand vs India

Diarrhoea refers to a stomach disorder in which a kills around 5,25,000 children under five years of age.
person has three or more loose or liquid stools in A significant proportion of diarrhoeal disease can be
one day or more frequently than normal. This is both prevented through safe drinkingwater and adequate
preventable and treatable. Diarrhoea is usually caused sanitation and hygiene. Globally, there are nearly 1.7
by a virus, or sometimes throughcontaminated food. billion cases of childhood diarrhoeal disease each
According to the WHO, each year this disease alone year.
Figure12.11: Prevalence of Diarrhoea in the 2 Weeks preceding the Survey- Jharkhand vs India
Figure-12.11 shows the prevalence of diarrhoea. It It is observed from Figure-12.12 that the prevalence
is observed that 7.2 percent of children in the state of acute respiratory infection (ARI) is less in
suffer from diarrhoea which is very close to the Jharkhand, i.e., 2.1 percent compared to the all-India
national figure of 7.3 percent. Also, across Jharkhand rate of 2.8 percent. Similarly, in both the rural and the
and India, the prevalence of the disease is higher in urban setting, it is lower than the all-India level.
the rural areas.
Figure 12.13 shows the proportion of children who
Another most common disease prevalent among reported prevalence of diarrhoea and symptoms
children is the acute respiratory infection (ARI). It is of Acute Respiratory Infection over two rounds of
defined as those infections of the respiratory system NFHS. As compared to previous year, there has been
which are caused by viruses or bacteria with an a slight increase in the portion of children reporting
evolution of less than 15 days and which manifest prevalence of diarrhoea from 6.9 in 2015-16 to
with symptoms such as cough, nasal congestion and 7.2 in 2019-21. While in the case of prevalence of
obstruction, sore throat, dysphonia or respiratory symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection, it has
distress. reduced marginally.
375
Figure12.12: Prevalence of symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in the 2 weeks preceding
the Survey- Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.13: Prevalence of Diarrhoea and symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in the 2
weeks preceding the Survey in Jharkhand- 2015-16 and 2019-21
vi. Breastfeeding Practices- Jharkhand vs India

The U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months, and this
WHO have recommended that infants should be should be continued while introducing appropriate
376
complementary foods until the child is 12 months breastfeeding within first 1 hour of birth, protects the
old or above. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months new-born baby from acquiring infections and reduces
has a lot of health related benefits for both the new-born mortality. The risk of mortality due to
infant and the mother. The benefits of breastfeeding diarrhoea and other infections is high among infants
includeprotection against gastro-intestinal infections who are either partially breastfed or not breastfed at
which is observed not only in developing but also all.
the developed countries. Early introduction of
Figure 12.14: Infants (under 6 months) under Exclusive Breastfeeding- Jharkhand vs India
Breast milk is an important source of energy and received inadequate breast feeding as babies are
nutrient in children aged between 6–23 months. It likely to be overweight or obese.It is observed from
can provide half or more of a child’s energy needs figure- 12.14 that in Jharkhand 76.1 percent of the
between the ages of 6 and 12 months and one infants (under 6 months) were under ‘Exclusive
third of energy needs between 12 and 24 months. Breastfeeding’.This rate is much higher than the
It also serves as a very important source of energy national average of 63.7 percent. The proportion is
and nutrient during illness and reduces mortality also higher when compared to the previous years. It
among children who are malnourished. Inadequate was reported to be 64.8 per cent in 2015-16, which
breastfeeding is also positively related to obesity has increased to 76.1 per cent in 2019-21.
among children. Children and adolescents who had
2.2 Maternal Health

In this section the health indicators related to maternal health shall be discussed.
i. Mortality indicators- Jharkhand vs India

Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) refers to deaths of death in a single pregnancy or a single live birth.
due to complications from pregnancy or child birth. MMR is the number of maternal deaths per 100,000
It depicts the risk of maternal death relative to the live births due to pregnancy and childbirth.
number of live births and essentially captures the risk
377
Figure 12.15:Maternal Mortality Ratio- Jharkhand vs India
Source; Compiled from the reports of the Sample Registration System, 2022
It is observed from figure 12.15that the MMR has 100,000 live births which is much lesser than the all-
reduced overall in the country and also in Jharkhand. India figure of 97 per 100,00 live births.
In 2018-19, the MMR in Jharkhand was 56 per
ii. Natal Care- Jharkhand vs India

Antenatal care is the care given by health professionals treatment for hypertension to prevent eclampsia, as
during pregnancy. It is also called as care during well as immunization against tetanus. Along with
pregnancy or maternity care. It is essential to provide these, the antenatal care also includes HIV testing and
antenatal care for ensuring the protection of health medications to prevent mother-to-child transmission
of both, women and their unborn children. Through of HIV. In regions with high malaria rate, the health
this preventive health care practice, women can learn personnel or the health service provider can also
from skilled health personnel about various health provide pregnant women with medications and
related behaviours during pregnancy such as better insecticide-treated mosquito nets to help prevent
understanding of warning signs during pregnancy and this debilitating and sometimes deadly disease. It is
childbirth, knowledge about nutrition and this also observed from figure 12.16that in Jharkhand only
helps them to receive emotional and psychological 38.6 percent of the mothers received 4 antenatal
support at this critical time in their lives. care visits which is much less than the all-India
average of 58.1 percent. Thus, there is a need to bring
Through antenatal care, pregnant women can also get
improvements in the health system facilities of the
access to better food, micronutrient supplementation,
state to increase antenatal care.
378
Figure 12.16: Mothers who had at least 4 antenatal care visits- Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12.17: Mothers who received postnatal care from a doctor/nurse/LHV/ANM/midwife/other

health personnel within 2 days of delivery- Jharkhand vs India
379
The WHO stated that postnatal care should also postnatal care which is lower than the all-India level
be given to the mother and her newborn baby of 78 percent. Across urban areas in the state, it is
immediately after the birth and for the first six 79.8 percent compared to India-level of 84.6 percent.
weeks of life, as most of the maternal and neonatal In the rural areas it is66.7 per cent against the all-
deaths occur during childbirth and also during the India level of75.4 percent.
postpartum period. Thus scaling up of maternal
On comparing the two kinds of care i.e. antenatal and
and newborn health through proper postnatal care
postnatal, over the year we observe that the state is
services is the best way of reducing maternal and
doing a commendable work in providing delivery
neonatal mortality.
related care to women in Jharkhand. Figure 12.18
Figure-12.17 shows the percentage of mothers who shows the progress over the two rounds for these two
have received postnatal care. It is observed that in indicators.
Jharkhand 69.1 percent of the mothers have received
Figure 12.18: Mothers who received at least 4 antenatal care visits and postnatal care from a doctor/
nurse/LHV/ANM/midwife/other health personnel within 2 days of delivery in Jharkhand- 2015-16and
2019-21
iii. Institutional deliveries- Jharkhand vs India

According to the WHO, Institutional deliveries are personnel working within an enabling environment
referred to as the proportion of births occurring is needed to eliminate preventable maternal and
in health facilities in the area. It is also known as newborn deaths. A key strategy to ensure skilled
‘institutional births’. All women should have access care during childbirth is to that all births take place
to skilled care during pregnancy and childbirth to in health facilities in which obstetric complications
ensure prevention, detection and management of can be treated when they arise. The minimum target
complications. Assistance by properly trained health for this indicator should be set by national or local
380
governments and many countries have made 100 Table 12.3 shows selected delivery related indicators
percent deliveries in institutions which is their main of the state and India. The proportion of institutional
strategy for reducing maternal mortality. Figure deliveries in public facilities in the state is considerably
12.19 shows the proportion of institutional deliveries close to the national average. However, births at home
conducted in the state in comparison to India. The in the state is much higher than the national average,
state figures are although lower that the national with the proportion being significantly higher in the
average, they are significantly high. Moreover, they rural areas. Notably, the caesarean section deliveries
are considerably higher than the previous year which are lower in the state than the all India average where
was 61.9 per cent in 2015-16. the urban areas have a dominance.
Figure12.19: Institutional deliveries- Jharkhand vs India
Table 12.3: Delivery related indicators- Jharkhand vs India
Jharkhand India
Indicators
Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
Institutional births in public facility (%) 47.3 58.8 56.8 52.6 65.3 61.9
Home births that were conducted by skilled
4.2 9.3 8.4 2.1 3.7 3.2
health personnel (%)
Births delivered by caesarean section (%) 25.8 10.2 12.8 32.3 17.6 21.5
Births in a private health facility that were
47.7 46.1 46.7 49.3 46 47.4
delivered by caesarean section (%)
Births in a public health facility that were
12.4 6.1 7 22.7 11.9 14.3
delivered by caesarean section (%)
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Institutional delivery under Janani Suraksha Yojana
The scheme, Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) promotes Social Health Activist (ASHA) as an effective link
safe motherhood intervention under the National between the government and the pregnant women.
Health Mission (NHM). The main objective of this
JSY mainly focuses on poor pregnant woman with
scheme is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality
a special dispensation for states that have low
by promoting institutional delivery among poor
institutional delivery rates, namely, the states of Uttar
pregnant women in India. JSY was launched on April
Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya
12, 2005 by the Hon’ble Prime Minister. It is currently
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Rajasthan, Orissa, and
being implemented in all states and Union Territories
Jammu and Kashmir. While these states have been
(UTs) with a special focus on Low performing States
named Low Performing States (LPS), the remaining
(LPS). JSY is a centrally sponsored scheme which
states have been named as the High Performing states
integrates cash assistance with delivery and post-
(HPS).
delivery care. The Yojana has identified Accredited
Figures12.20: Institutional Delivery in Jharkhand across years
Table12.4: Institutional Deliveries across districts of Jharkhand2022-23 Sept (upto September 2023):
Percentage Percentage
Districts Number Districts Number
Distribution Distribution
Bokaro 25893 7.11 Kodarma 4716 1.30
Chatra 12851 3.53 Latehar 7846 2.16
Deoghar 15553 4.27 Lohardaga 8037 2.21
Dhanbad 27508 7.56 Pakaur 5383 1.48
382
Percentage Percentage
Districts Number Districts Number
Dumka 16744 4.60 Palamu 10419 2.86
Garhwa 23254 6.39 Pashchimi Singhbhum 20547 5.65
Giridih 16076 4.42 Purbi Singhbhum 8653 2.38
Godda 25609 7.04 Ramgarh 33629 9.24
Gumla 14459 3.97 Ranchi 13589 3.73
Hazaribagh 11754 3.23 Sahibganj 12145 3.34
Jamtara 18273 5.02 Saraikela 6462 1.78
Khunti 7929 2.18 Simdega 16597 4.56
Jharkhand 363926 100.00
Table- 12.4 shows the number of Institutional Bokaro-28893 (7.11 percent) and Godda-25609 (7.04
Deliveries across the districts of Jharkhand (2022- percent). On the other hand, the districts with lowest
upto September 2023). It is observed that in this given share of institutional deliveries are Kodarma-4716
period there were 3,63,926 institutional deliveries in (1.30 percent), Pakur-5383 (1.48 percent) and
Jharkhand. Among the total institutional deliveries Saraikela-6462 (1.78 percent). These show that
in the state, Ramgarh district has witnessed the some districts are doing very well when it comes to
highest number of deliveries which is 33629 (9.24 provision of institutional deliveries in the state.
percent), followed by Dhanbad-27508 (7.56 percent),
Institutional Deliveries by the Type of Hospital

In this section the institutional deliveries in the state deliveries into public and private hospital is very
of Jharkhand are categorized across the type of important because in the demand side it highlights
hospital-Public and Private hospital and also across health seeking behaviors and on the supply side the
sectors-Rural and Urban from 2018-19 to 2022-23 provision and access to health care.
(up to September). The classification of institutional
Table12.5-Institutional Childbirth by the type of Hospital in Jharkhand

2022-23
Sector Hospital Type 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
upto sept.
512774 (73 517497 518253 375163 189435
Public Hospital
Rural %) (74%) (74%) (65%) (65%)
Private 191189 178888 184994 197628 103620

Hospital (27%) (26%) (26%) (35%) (35%)
703963 696385 703247 572791 293055
Total
(100%) (100%) (100%) (100%) (100%)
Urban Public Hospital 33101 30884 79714 114575 70871

Private
- - - - -
Hospital
383
Table-12.5 shows that across the years and among provisions especially in the rural areas where there
the hospital categories, the public hospitals have is very little access to the private hospitals. This is
witnessed majority of the childbirths in rural also because of the fact that the majority of the rural
Jharkhand, i.e., institutional deliveries. This also population is poor who otherwise will not be able to
shows the importance of quality public health care afford the services of a private hospital.
iv. Nutritional status of women- Jharkhand vs India

Body Mass Index (BMI) is typically measured as of women have BMI below normal level compared
weight in kilograms divided by height in meters to 18.7 percent at the all-India level. This indicates
squared. The resulting number shows if the body the problem of lack of nutrition in Jharkhand across
weight is within the underweight, healthy weight, the rural and the urban areas. As BMI increases, so
overweight or obesity range. Women with low do blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL, or
BMIs are at increased risk for amenorrhea which “bad”) cholesterol, triglycerides, blood sugar and
is an absence of menses and other menstrual cycle inflammation. These changes translate into increased
dysfunctions. risk for coronary heart disease, stroke and
cardiovascular death: Obesity and Coronary Artery
Figure- 12.21 shows the percentage of women whose
Disease. The status of women having low BMI has
Body Mass Index (BMI) is below normal (BMI <18.5
improved as compare to the previous year which was
kg/m2). It is observed that in Jharkhand 26.2 percent
reported to be 31.5 per cent in 2015-16.
Figure 12.21: Women whose Body Mass Index (BMI) is below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m2)- Jharkhand
vs India
384
Figure12.22: Women who are overweight or obese (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2)- Jharkhand vs India
Figure-12.22 shows the percentage of women who the all-India level. In the urban areas of the state, it
are overweight or obese (BMI >25.0 kg/m2). It is is very high i.e. 21.6 percent, which is lower than the
observed that in Jharkhand 11.9 percent of women national average of 33.2 per cent.
are overweight or obese compared to 24 percent at
Figure 12.23: Women who have high risk waist-to-hip ratio (≥0.85)- Jharkhand vs India
Another measure of poor nutrition status is high risk in the state and national figures as shown in figure
waist-to-hip ratio, which was found to be similar 12.23.
v. Anemia indicators -Jharkhand vs India

Anemia among women in India is a common state faces. It is evident from the figure12.24 that the
phenomenon, however, the effects of anemia among proportion of anemic women (non- pregnant) in the
pregnant women is a more troubling issue which the state (66 percent) is slightly higher than the national
385
average (57 percent). A similar pattern is observed for child birth and other complications. Unfortunately,
women who are pregnant in figure 12.25, where the there is not much improvement in the proportion of
proportion of pregnant women who are anaemic is anaemic women, both pregnant and non-pregnant as
higher than the national average. However, its impact compared to 2015-16. In 2015-16, the proportion of
on both, the woman and child, are adverse if anemic. non-pregnant women who were anaemic was 65.3
Needless to mention that the proportion is higher per cent, while figures for pregnant women who were
among rural women, indicating high risk during anaemic was 62.6 per cent.
Figure 12.24: Non-Pregnant Women aged 15-49 years who are anaemic (<12.0 g/dl)-
Jharkhand vs India
Figure 12. 25: Pregnant Women Aged 15-49 years who are Anaemic (<11.0 g/dl)-
Jharkhand vs India
386
2.3 Mens Health
i. Nutritional status of adult male -Jharkhand vs India
Using the BMI indicator, the following table shows Similarly, a lower proportion of men i.e., 15 percent
the nutritional status of adult men in Jharkhand and are obese in the state as compared to the national
India. The proportion of men having a BMI below average of 23 percent.
normal is slightly similar to the national average.
Table 12.6: Nutritional Indicators- Jharkhand vs India

Jharkhand India
Indicators
Men whose Body Mass Index (BMI) is
12.1 18.9 17.1 13 17.8 16.2
below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) (%)
Men who are overweight or obese (BMI
21.7 12.8 15.1 29.8 19.3 22.9
≥25.0 kg/m2) (%)
Men who have high risk waist-to-hip ratio
53.6 44 46.5 50.1 46.4 47.7
(≥0.90) (%)
ii. Anemia Indicators - Jharkhand vs India

Unlike women, a considerably smaller proportion of in the urban areas of the state. No improvement in the
men were reported to be anaemicin the state. Although proportion of men who are anemic has been observed
the proportion is higher, i.e., around 30percent than since 2015-16, which was reported to be 29.8 per
the national average of 25,more men are anaemic in cent, which is almost similar in 2019-21.
the rural areas i.e. 31 percent. This is more than that
Figure 12.26: Men Aged 15-49 years who are anaemic (<13.0 g/dl) - Jharkhand vs India
387
1. Health seeking Pattern in Jharkhand
Health seeking behaviour refers to actions taken by and also various economic and social circumstances
individuals who feel that they have a health issue. of the person. In the following section a brief
It depends on various factors such as the nature and discussion on the inpatient and outpatient visits in
degree of illness, gender, environmental conditions, the state over the last few years to see the pattern of
affordability-cost of treatment, access to healthcare health seeking behaviour in the state is done.
i. Inpatient Care
Figure-12.27shows the number of inpatients visiting number of inpatients declined drastically to 5,77,456
the government hospitals in Jharkhand from the compared to 9,03,292 inpatients during 2019-20 This
period of 2018-19 to 2022-23 (Upto, September). can be attributed to the spread of the COVID-19
The figures show that during the year 2020-21, the infections.
Figure 12.27: Number of inpatients Visiting Government Hospitals across Years
Table 12.7: District-wise number of inpatients visiting government hospitals during 2022-23 (Upto
September)
2022-2023 Percentage 2022-2023 Percentage

Districts Districts
(Upto Sept) Distribution (Upto Sept) Distribution
Bokaro 5718 1.40 Khunti 14989 3.66

Chatra 3927 0.96 Koderma 26236 6.41
Deoghar 17781 4.35 Latehar 5832 1.43
Dhanbad 3029 0.74 Lohardaga 4747 1.16
Dumka 14697 3.59 Pakur 5374 1.31
388
2022-2023 Percentage 2022-2023 Percentage

Districts Districts
(Upto Sept) Distribution (Upto Sept) Distribution
East Singhbum 20311 4.96 Palamu 34584 8.45

Garhwa 10950 2.68 Ramgarh 10021 2.45
Giridih 7711 1.88 Ranchi 67856 16.59
Godda 8398 2.05 Sahebganj 12512 3.06
Gumla 17899 4.37 Saraikela 21443 5.24
Hazaribagh 57354 14.02 Simdega 5885 1.44
Jamtara 3538 0.86 West Singhbhum 28334 6.93
Jharkhand 409126 100.00
Table-12.7shows the number of inpatients visiting the highest number of inpatients which is 67856
government hospitals across the districts of Jharkhand (16.59 percent), followed by Hazaribagh-57354
(2022-upto September 2023). It is observed that in (14.02 percent). On the other hand, the districts with
this given period there were 4,09,126 inpatients inthe the lowest share of inpatientswereDhanbad-3029
government hospitals of Jharkhand. Among the total (0.74 percent) followed byJamtara-3538 (0.86
inpatients in the state, Ranchi district has witnessed percent) and Chatra-3927(0.96 percent).
ii. Outpatient care

Figure-12.28 shows the number of outpatients visiting compared to 1,54,77,508outpatients during 2019-
the government hospitals in Jharkhand from the 20. The decline in the number of outpatients can be
period of 2018-19 to 2022-23 (Upto September). The attributed to the spread of the COVID-19 infections
figures show that during the year 2020-21, the number which lead to fear and restrictions to visit hospitals.
of outpatients declined drastically to 1,00,33,361
Figure 12.28: Number of outpatients Visiting Government Hospitals across Years
389
Table12.8: District-Wise number of Outpatients visiting Government Hospitals during 2022-23
(Upto September)
District 2022-2023 Percentage District 2022-2023 Percentage

(Up to Sept) Distribution (Upto Sept) Distribution
Bokaro 400686 5.65 Khunti 239344 3.38
Chatra 157113 2.22 Koderma 206882 2.92
Deoghar 308709 4.35 Latehar 232686 3.28
Dumka 461766 6.51 Pakur 165342 2.33
East Singhbum 443998 6.26 Palamu 422154 5.95
Garhwa 221272 3.12 Ramgarh 138494 1.95
Giridih 172202 2.43 Ranchi 823955 11.62
Godda 255291 3.60 Sahebganj 151468 2.14
Gumla 460816 6.50 Saraikela 205895 2.90
Jharkhand 7090966 100.00
Table-12. 8shows the number of outpatients visiting witnessed highest number of outpatients which is
government hospitals across districts of Jharkhand 8,23,955 (11.62 percent).Contrarily, the districts with
(2022-upto September 2023). It is observed that lowest share of outpatients were Ramgarh-1,38,494
during this period there were 70,90,966outpatients (1.95 percent) followed by Lohardaga-1,45,990 (2.06
in the government hospitals of Jharkhand. Among percent) and Sahebganj-1,51,468 (2.14 percent).
the total outpatients in the state, Ranchi district has
2. Disease Burden
As per the India state level disease burden report, Neonatal and Nutritional Diseases (CMNNDs)
published in 2017 the disease burden rate in India was 37.2 percent, which is higher than the national
has improved (India: Health of the Nation’s States, average of 27.46 percent. While the percentage
2017). The per person disease burden which is DALY accountable for NCDs in the state was around
measured as Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) 54 percent, although lower than the national average.
rate has dropped by 36 per cent from 1990 to 2016.
The latest GDB data show that the percentage share
of DALY accountable for Communicable, Maternal,
390
Table 12.9: Percentage share of DALYs to total Disease Burden
Indicators Jharkhand India
% DALY accountable for CMNNDs 37.2 27.46
% DALY accountable for NCDs 53.52 61.43
% DALY accountable for Injuries 9.28 11.11

Source: Global Burden of Disease Data 2019
The table below (table 12.10) shows the proportion of attributable to the sedentary lifestyle and eating
men and women who suffer of any NCDs in the state habits followed in the urban areas. Similar is the case
and India. A higher proportion of men suffer of high of high blood pressure, where the proportionis higher
blood sugar in the state and the country as compared for males as compared to females in the state and that
to women. The proportion is higher in the urban at the national level .
areas as compared to those in rural areas, probably
Table 12.10: Indicators of NCDs- Jharkhand vs India
Female
Blood sugar level - high (141-160 mg/dl)23 (%) 5.8 5.2 5.4 6.7 5.9 6.1
Blood sugar level - very high (>160 mg/dl)23 5.6 3.7 4.2 8 5.5 6.3
(%)
Mildly elevated blood pressure ( Systolic 140- 13 10.5 11.1 13.6 11.9 12.4
159 mm of Hg and/or Diastolic 90-99 mm of Hg)
(%)
Moderately or severely elevated blood pressure 4.7 5.1 5 5.2 5.2 5.2
(Systolic ≥160 mm of Hg and/or Diastolic ≥100
mm of Hg) (%)
Male
Blood sugar level - high (141-160 mg/dl)23 (%) 6.9 6.9 6.9 7.8 7 7.3
Blood sugar level - very high (>160 mg/dl)23 7.9 5.9 6.4 8.5 6.5 7.2
(%)
Mildly elevated blood pressure ( Systolic 140- 16.3 14.6 15.1 17.1 15 15.7
159 mm of Hg and/or Diastolic 90-99 mm of Hg)
(%)
Moderately or severely elevated blood pressure 6.5 6 6.1 5.9 5.5 5.7
(Systolic ≥160 mm of Hg and/or Diastolic ≥100
mm of Hg) (%)
391
Table 12. 11 show the prevalence of other common the years. This excludes the Acute Encephalitis
diseases in Jharkhand over the years. The number Syndrome which has seen a surge in 2021-22 as
of cases reported in each disease have reduced over compared to the previous years.
Table 12.11: Prevalence of diseases in Jharkhan

Diseases 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Acute Diarrhoeal Disease (including acute gastroenteritis) 143817 140765 32143 39903
Bacillary Dysentery 66498 63986 15556 18492
Viral Hepatitis 2078 2167 711 1781
Enteric Fever 87422 92609 20825 47734
Malaria 136697 134495 24657 36520
Dengue / DHF / DSS 725 1144 552 166
Chikungunya 138 12 31 10
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome 388 592 404 1293
Meningitis 110 267 23 263
Measles 267 285 121 85
Diphtheria 1 131 0 66
Pertussis 45 44 0 22
Chicken Pox 637 2404 626 689
Fever of Unknown Origin (PUO) 608943 443147 87849 118767
Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) / Influenza Like Illness

582283 611945 117102 189248
(ILI)
Pneumonia 6862 7513 1834 3836
Leptospirosis 125 119 65 6
Acute Flaccid Paralysis < 15 Years of Age 641 217 336 360
Dog bite 64608 73648 26107 37339
Snake bite 1485 2018 434 1279

Malaria is one of the life threatening diseases which have malaria usually feel very sick with high fever
the country is still battling to eradicate. It is a disease and shaking chills. While the disease is uncommon
caused by a parasite. The parasite is spread to humans in temperate climates, malaria is still common in the
through the bites of infected mosquitoes. People who tropical and the subtropical countries
392
Figure 12.29: Prevalence of Malaria in Jharkhand across years:
In this section, a discussion is done on the prevalence of 2021 (up to September).

Malaria in Jharkhand across years from 2018 to 2021
Table- 12.12 shows the prevalence of malaria across
(up toSeptember). Here, one measures the prevalence
the districts of Jharkhand. It is observed that during
of malaria in terms of total number of patients and
(2021-up to September), West Singhbhum district
number of patients per’00,000 population. From
recorded the highest number of malaria infected
Figure 12.28, it is observed that in 2018 there were
patients (4869) which is around 50 percent of the total
57095 patients infected with Malaria in Jharkhand,
patients in the state. This translates to around 269
i.e., 148 patients per’00,000 population. But over
patients per’00,000 population. The lowest number of
the years, due to the positive initiatives taken by
malaria patients were found in Dumka i.e. 5 patients
the government of Jharkhand, the total number and
(0.29 patients per’00,000 population), Deoghar i.e.
incidence of malaria has reduced considerably;it
7 patients (0.39 patients per’00,000 population) and
has reduced to 41 patients per’00,000 population
in 2020 and 23 patients per’00,000 population in Jamtara i.e.7 (0.76 patients per’00,000 population).
Table 12.12 :District-Wise Prevalence of Malaria in Jharkhand in 2021 (Upto September)
Prevalence of Malaria in Jharkhand: 2021 (Upto September)
No. of patients No. of patients

No. of No. of
Districts per Lakh Districts per Lakh
patients patients
Population Population
Bokaro 183 6.63 Khunti 432 62.84
Chatra 128 10.29 Koderma 50 7.08
Deoghar 7 0.39 Latehar 675 78.12
393
Dumka 5 0.29 Pakur 182 17.62

East Singhbhum 531 16.87 Palamu 332 14.66
Garhwa 505 31.26 Ramgarh 41 3.15
Giridih 315 10.39 Ranchi 114 3.07
Godda 277 17.40 Sahibganj 52 3.63
Gumla 90 7.37 Saraikela 263 20.43
Jharkhand 9506 23.00
1. COVID-19 Vaccination:
The government of Jharkhand had taken a lot of “Suraksha Vahan”on May16, 2021. Vaccination
precautionary and restrictive measures to restrict Centers was established in all Community Health
the spread of COVID-19 in the state. Among the Centers, all Panchayats, all Government District
many preventive measures, the most important was Hospitals and private institutions to achieve the
the procurement and ensuringthe availability of the coverage against the set target. Acceleration in
vaccines such as Covaxin and Covishield for the the pace and coverage of COVID vaccination was
population. The state government had madeserious achieved by a massive vaccine drivethorough TIKA
efforts to have maximum number of vaccinations in express or Mobile Suraksha Vahan to initiate “Har
the state. For this, a special vaccination campaign was Ghar Dastak”.
conducted on periodical basis in the state. In order to
The state has spent ₹1,752.13 lakhs in the vaccinations
accelerate the COVID-19 vaccination coverage, the
as on March 2022.
government introduced Mobile vaccination Vehicle
Figure 12.30: Total Number of People Vaccinated across Districts
From Figure- 12.29, it is observed that the total 433,41,816 persons. All the districts have achieved
number of people vaccinated in the state was the set target of vaccination. Ranchi witnessed
394
the maximum number of people vaccinated, i.e., number of people vaccinated also depended on the
39,29,086persons, followed by East Singhbhum population of the respective districts.
where 35,81,069 people were vaccinated. The
Table 12.13: Number of Persons Vaccinated by Number of Doses

Number of people vaccinated by number of doses People vaccinated by number of doses
(in percentage)
District 1st Dose 2nd Dose Precaution 1st Dose 2nd Precaution Total
Dose Dose Dose
Bokaro 1655428 1161125 119110 56 40 4 100
Chatra 687590 421497 28905 60 37 3 100
Deoghar 1026587 773142 64920 55 41 3 100
Dhanbad 1707081 1219767 129645 56 40 4 100
Dumka 998986 771115 54951 55 42 3 100
East Singhbhum 1836945 1450601 293523 51 41 8 100
Garhwa 926019 580347 26672 60 38 2 100
Giridih 1538682 1036711 68216 58 39 3 100
Godda 898992 686303 62181 55 42 4 100
Gumla 800988 785078 33863 49 48 2 100
Hazaribagh 1214641 890199 104592 55 40 5 100
Jamtara 556988 362158 32106 59 38 3 100
Khunti 449320 426672 47693 49 46 5 100
Koderma 509195 311317 15387 61 37 2 100
Latehar 527628 382388 32753 56 41 3 100
Lohardaga 348825 284119 54743 51 41 8 100
Pakur 663562 566360 83370 51 43 6 100
Palamu 1408906 1058567 63216 56 42 2 100
Ramgarh 691008 490336 47496 56 40 4 100
Ranchi 2209766 1522731 196589 56 39 5 100
Sahebganj 831919 557998 57109 57 39 4 100
Seraikela Kharsawan 727397 505012 58314 56 39 5 100
Simdega 457689 456705 25897 49 49 3 100
West Singhbhum 1217209 919107 129859 54 41 6 100
Jharkhand 23891351 17619355 1831110 55 41 4 100
395
Table- 12.13shows the total number of people of the vaccinated people have received the 3rd dose
vaccinated across the districts of Jharkhand at (Precaution dose). A higher proportion of men were
a disaggregated level of vaccination such as 1st administered with COVID vaccination as compared
dose, 2nddose and 3rd dose (Precaution dose). It is to women. Across districts, a mixed pattern was
observed that in Jharkhand, on an average 4 percent observed.
Table 12.14:Proportion of ‘Male, Female and Others’ vaccinated across districts in Jharkhand (in
percentage)
Districts Male Female Others Districts Male Female Others
Bokaro 51.98 47.99 0.03 Khunti 49.94 50.04 0.02
Chatra 47.88 52.10 0.02 Koderma 47.73 52.25 0.02
Deoghar 52.57 47.41 0.02 Latehar 49.31 50.68 0.02
Dhanbad 52.10 47.87 0.03 Lohardaga 49.69 50.29 0.02
Dumka 48.69 51.29 0.02 Pakur 50.10 49.88 0.02
East 52.14 47.83 0.03 Palamu 49.29 50.69 0.02
Singhbhum
Garhwa 49.90 50.07 0.03 Ramgarh 51.77 48.20 0.03
Giridih 47.83 52.15 0.02 Ranchi 51.63 48.34 0.03
Godda 50.35 49.63 0.02 Sahebganj 50.25 49.74 0.02
Gumla 49.32 50.65 0.02 Seraikela Kharsawan 52.48 47.49 0.02
Hazaribagh 48.45 51.52 0.03 Simdega 50.07 49.92 0.01
Jamtara 50.61 49.38 0.01 West Singhbhum 49.10 50.88 0.02
Jharkhand 50.38 49.60 0.02
2. Health manpower and infrastructure

Health manpower refers to people who are trained to not only the people of Jharkhandbut also the people
promote health, to prevent and to cure diseases and to of neighbouring states. Efforts are being made by
rehabilitate the sick. The aim of manpower planning the state as well as the central Government to raise
is to make available the right kind of personnel in the medical facilities in this state to international
right numbers with appropriate skills at the right standards.
place at the right time doing the right job. Health
This section discusses the district-wise employment
manpower and infrastructure includes advanced
of regular and contractual doctors in Jharkhand.
machines, specialist doctors, nurses, and other
paramedical professionals. Health, being an important Table-12.15 shows the number of MBBS full-
asset for individual healthcare services play a vital time-state level cadre doctors across the districts in
role in the development of any state. Jharkhand, Jharkhand. Here, we see the number of sanctioned
being one of the rapidly developing states in India, (Regular + NHM) posts and the occupied posts (In
the government here is leaving no stone unturned to place). It is observed that Ranchi has the highest
convert this place into a medical hub with superior number of sanctioned (Regular + NHM) posts which
medical infrastructure, state of the art technology is 157 of which 132 (84.08 percent) are occupied, and
and expertise. The city of Ranchi is already home the remaining are vacant. Palamu district also has a
to superior quality healthcare services and serves very high number of sanctioned posts which is 143
396
out of which only 91 (63.64 percent) are occupied Deogarh (56.58 percent), Latehar (56.92 percent),
and the remaining 36 percent of the posts are vacant. Kodarma (57.14 percent), and Giridih (59.02 percent)
The districts with the lowest number of sanctioned etc. Thus, these are the districts with the highest
posts are Lohardaga (54 posts), followed by Khunti percentage of vacant posts.A special emphasis should
(55 posts), Pakur (58 posts) etc. In terms of filled up be given to fill the vacant posts of MBBS doctors
posts (In place), Ranchi has the highest percentage of in these districts. Overall, in the state out of 2280
filled up posts (84.08 percent), followed by Gumla sanctioned position of MBBS doctors, 1563 posts are
(83.33 percent) and Hazaribagh (82.35 percent). The occupied (68.55 percent), remaining around 31.45
districts with lowest percentage of filled up posts percent are vacant positions.
are Jamtara (50 percent), Dhanbad (56.38 percent),
Table 12.15: Employment of regular and Contractual Doctors (MO MBBS full time-State Level Cadre)
Districts Sanctioned Inplace Share of Districts Sanctioned Inplace Share of
(Regular (Regular+ Inplace (Regular (Regular Inplace
+NHM) NHM) (% ) +NHM) +NHM) (% )
Bokaro 134 101 75.37 Khunti 55 42 76.36
Chatra 72 47 65.28 Kodarma 70 40 57.14
Deoghar 76 43 56.58 Latehar 65 37 56.92
Dhanbad 149 84 56.38 Lohardaga 54 42 77.78
Dumka 137 87 63.5 Pakaur 58 43 74.14
East Singh- 106 66 62.26 Palamu 143 91 63.64
bhum
Garhwa 110 77 70 Ramgarh 64 52 81.25
Giridih 122 72 59.02 Ranchi 157 132 84.08
Godda 82 48 58.54 Sahibganj 72 58 80.56
Gumla 102 85 83.33 Saraikela 82 65 79.27
Hazaribagh 119 98 82.35 Simdega 58 41 70.69
Jamtara 62 31 50 West Sing- 131 81 61.83
hbhum
Jharkhand 2280 1563 68.55
Table- 12.16 shows the number of Grade-A nurses when it comes to share of occupied positions to the
across the districts in Jharkhand. Here, we see that total number of sanctioned positions. It is observed
there is a total of 1325 sanctioned (Regular + NHM) that there are districts such as East Singhbhum where
Grade-A nurse posts in the state out of which there the occupied position is as less as 17.17 percent,
are only 810 filled up positions/working which followed by Ramgarh at 28.13 percent, Palamu at
accounts to around 61.13 percent. This also means 31.76 percent. However, there are such districts
that around 39 percent of the Grade-A nurse posts are too which have employed more than the sanctioned
vacant in the state. At the district level, it is observed positions. The districts which have employed more
that West Singhbhum has the highest number of than the sanctioned number of Grade-A nurses are
sanctioned posts i.e., 141, but only 66 posts are Deogarh at 131.58 percent, followed by Sahibganj
occupied (46.81 percent).This shows that there exists at 117.24 percent. From a health system perspective,
a large number of vacant for nurses in the district. it is very important to have the required number of
Another important observation is that there is a huge health workers. Thus, it becomes important to take
difference of attainment level across the districts necessary measures to fill up the vacant positions.
397
Table 12.16: Employment of Regular and Contractual Nurses (Grade A Nurse):
District Sanctioned Inplace Share of District Sanctioned Inplace Share of
(Regular (Regular Inplace (Regular (Regular Inplace
+NHM) +NHM) (%) +NHM) +NHM) (%)
Bokaro 66 56 84.85 Khunti 32 23 71.88
Chatra 50 36 72 Kodarma 48 22 45.83
Deoghar 19 25 131.58 Latehar 45 30 66.67
Dumka 103 65 63.11 Pakaur 25 18 72
East Sing- 99 17 17.17 Palamu 85 27 31.76
hbhum
Garhwa 67 25 37.31 Ramgarh 32 9 28.13
Giridih 64 28 43.75 Ranchi 71 65 91.55
Godda 26 26 100 Sahibganj 29 34 117.24
Gumla 78 41 52.56 Saraikela 27 29 107.41
Hazarib- 73 56 76.71 Simdega 29 32 110.34
agh
Jamtara 24 24 100 West Singh- 141 66 46.81
bhum
Jharkhand 1325 810 61.13
Auxiliary Nursing Midwife or nurse hybrids are role may help communities achieve the targets of
commonly known as ANMs.They are village-level national health programmes.ANM-related work
female health worker in India. ANMs are the first includes maternal and child health along with family
contact person between the community and the health planning services, health and nutrition education,
service providers. They are regarded as the grass- efforts for maintaining environmental sanitation,
roots workers in the health organisation pyramid. immunisation for the control of communicable
Their services are considered important to provide diseases, treatment of minor injuries and first aid in
safe and effective care to village communities. The emergencies and disasters.
Table 12.17: Employment of Regular and Contractual ANM:

Sanctioned Inplace Sanctioned Inplace
Share of Share of
Districts (Regular (Regular Districts (Regular (Regular
Inplace Inplace
+NHM) +NHM) +NHM) +NHM)
(in %) (in %)
Bokaro 318 206 64.78 Khunti 254 241 94.88
Chatra 287 227 79.09 Kodarma 174 170 97.7
Deoghar 432 313 72.45 Latehar 245 189 77.14
Dumka 710 591 83.24 Pakaur 316 212 67.09
East Sing-
728 436 59.89 Palamu 515 305 59.22
hbhum
Garhwa 263 173 65.78 Ramgarh 148 99 66.89
398
Sanctioned Inplace Sanctioned Inplace

Share of Share of
Districts (Regular (Regular Districts (Regular (Regular
Inplace Inplace
+NHM) +NHM) +NHM) +NHM)
(in %) (in %)
Giridih 359 242 67.41 Ranchi 811 754 92.97
Godda 532 442 83.08 Sahibganj 372 279 75
Gumla 628 389 61.94 Saraikela 518 401 77.41
Hazarib-
442 343 77.6 Simdega 345 284 82.32
agh
West Singh-
Jamtara 365 240 65.75 850 601 70.71
bhum
Jharkhand 10117 7539 74.52
Table-12.17shows the number of Auxiliary Nursing (92.97 percent) and Dhanbad (92.03 percent). The
Midwives (ANMs) across the districts in Jharkhand. districts with lowest percentage of filled up posts
Here, we see the number of sanctioned (Regular + are Palamu (59.22 percent), East Singhbhum (59.89
NHM) posts and the occupied posts (In place). It percent)etc. Thus, these are the districts with the
is observed that West Singhbhum district has the highest percentage of vacant posts and special
highest number of sanctioned (Regular + NHM) emphasis should be given to fill the vacant posts of
posts of ANM which is 850, of which 601 (70.71 ANMs in these districts. Overall, in the state,out of
percent) are occupied and the remaining around 10,117 sanctioned positions of ANMs, 7539 posts
29 percent are vacant. Ranchi also has a very high are occupied (74.52 percent) while the remaining 25
number of sanctioned posts of ANM which is 811 out percent are vacant positions.
of which only 754 (92.97 percent) are occupied, and
Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) is a
only around 7 percent of the posts are vacant. The
trained female community health activist. They
districts which have the lowest number of sanctioned
are selected from the community itself and are
posts for ANMs are Ramgarh (148 posts) followed
accountable to it. The ASHA workers are trained to
by Kodarma (174 posts) and Lohardaga (204 posts).
work as an interface between the community and the
In terms of filled up posts (In place), Kodarma has
public health system in India. They are employed by
the highest percentage of filled up posts (97.70
the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare as a part
percent), followed by Khunti (94.88 percent), Ranchi
of India's National Rural Health Mission in 2005.
Table 12.18: Number of ASHA workers across districts in Jharkhand

Number of Number of
District across District acrossdistricts
Asha Worker Asha Worker
districts (in %) (in %)
Deoghar 2748 6.88 Gumla 1651 4.13
Ranchi 2599 6.50 Chatra 1549 3.88
Dumka 2598 6.50 Sahibganj 1419 3.55
Hazaribagh 2597 6.50 Bokaro 1401 3.51
Giridih 2449 6.13 Latehar 1298 3.25
East Singhbhum 2402 6.01 Garhwa 1201 3.01
Dhanbad 2102 5.26 Ramgarh 1132 2.83
399
Number of Number of
District across District acrossdistricts
Asha Worker Asha Worker
districts (in %) (in %)
West Singhbhum 2009 5.03 Pakaur 820 2.05
Palamu 1892 4.73 Khunti 804 2.01
Godda 1799 4.50 Simdega 801 2.00
Saraikela 1788 4.47 Kodarma 751 1.88
Jamtara 1653 4.14 Lohardaga 501 1.25
Jharkhand 39964 100.00
In Jharkhand, there are 39,964 ASHA workers who percent of the total working in the state, followed
are working tirelessly and are instrumental in proving by Ranchi, Dumka and Hazaribagh. On the other
healthcare facilities primarily in the rural areas. From hand, the lowest number of ASHA workers are in
table- 12.16 it is observed that Deoghar has the Lohardaga, followed by Kodarma.
highest number of ASHA workers i.e., around 6.88
Health Infrastructure
Infrastructure development in health care has been for the proper functioning of the health system and
given prime importance as it plays a pivotal role ensuring of desired levels of health outcomes. Table
when it comes to providing health care to the citizens. 12.20 provides a district level availability of health
Having a strong health infrastructure, starting from institution in the state. In total, there are 5758 health
the primary level to the tertiary level is a prerequisite institutions with a total number of 10804 beds.
Table 12.19: District-Wise Number of Health Institutions and Number of Beds

Name of District No. of health institution No. of beds
Bokaro 208 474
Chatra 142 221
Deoghar 234 455
Dhanbad 264 735
Dumka 405 559
Garhwa 199 1019
Giridih 276 245
Godda 244 312
Gumla 314 245
Hazaribagh 235 392
Jamtara 192 482
Khunti 145 196
Kodarma 102 167
Latehar 148 204
Lohardaga 120 184
400
Name of District No. of health institution No. of beds

Pakaur 175 221
Palamu 278 385
PashchimiSinghbhum 446 428
PurbiSinghbhum 340 157
Ramgarh 87 2345
Ranchi 519 341
Sahibganj 214 322
Saraikela 259 233
Simdega 212 482
Jharkhand 5758 10804
As per the RHS data 2020-21, the number of SCs, SCs, 350 PHCs & 176 CHCs, 13 SDHs and 22 DHs.
PHCs and CHCs have been increasing since 2005. The total number of Health and Wellness Centres
Despite a continuous increase in the public health (AB-HWCs) as introduced under the Ayushman
facilities, there continues to remain a shortfall in the Bharat was 1790 as per AB-HWC portal.
required infrastructure. Currently, there are 3,848
Table 12. 20: District-Wise health facilities in Jharkhand

Districts HSCs PHCs CHCs SDH DH
Bokaro 115 20 8 3 1
Chatra 93 9 5 0 1
Deoghar 180 8 7 1 1
Dhanbad 140 33 9 0 0
Dumka 248 35 10 0 0
East Singhbum 117 11 6 1 1
Garhwa 179 17 11 1 1
Giridih 181 10 7 0 1
Godda 243 2 10 0 1
Gumla 140 16 8 0 1
Hazaribagh 129 13 4 0 1
Jamtara 108 5 5 0 1
Khunti 65 8 4 0 1
Koderma 97 7 6 0 1
Latehar 74 7 4 0 1
Lohardaga 121 10 5 0 1
Pakur 171 24 7 2 1
401
Districts HSCs PHCs CHCs SDH DH

Palamu 343 16 13 1 1
Ramgarh 243 25 11 1 1
Ranchi 54 8 4 1 1
Sahebganj 324 34 14 1 1
SaraikelaKharsawan 136 12 6 0 1
Simdega 192 13 6 0 1
West Singhbhum 155 7 6 1 1
Jharkhand 3848 350 176 13 22
Source: Rural Health Statistics, 2020-21
The government of Jharkhand has taken a lot of healthcare services. Some of the other organization
positive steps to fulfil its promise of providing better which are working in the state to ensure better
health services across the state. For this purpose, healthcare services are as follows:
many medical officers and paramedical staff have
• State Health Society
also beenrecruited on a contractual basis. Various
Village Health Committees (VHCs) have been • District Health Society
established in all the villages across the state and the
• JHSRC
health budget has been doubled. To help the poor
patients, especially those who fall below the poverty • Organ program of State Health Society
line (BPL) the government has put up state fund for
• Programme Management Unit
medical assistance. To ensure more efficiency and
better facility, many healthcare facilities are being • Village Health Committee
managed according to the Public Private Partnership
(PPP) model. The 'catch up round' was initiated to • Hospital Management Society
reach those who have dropped out from routine All the health programmes of the Ministry of Health
immunisation programmes. The health department and Family Welfare (MoHFW) have been integrated
has started a lot of initiatives such as the Jharkhand by development of HPIMS (Health Programme and
Rural Health Mission Society to provide quality Information Management System).
3. Mental Health:
According to the National Mental Health Survey of lakh population, anxiety disorder was 3500 per lakh
India, the prevalence of mental illness in Jharkhand population and developmental intellectual disability
was reported to be around 11.1 percent, which is was 5000 per lakh population (1.7 percent). A
slightly higher than the national average of 10.6 National Survey by the Ministry of Social Justice
percent. In the “right to access mental health care” and Empowerment depicted that about 0.4 percent
– Section 18 of the Mental Health Care Act (MHCA, of the population in the state has dependence on
2017) states that “every person shall” have the alcohol (national average, 2.7 percent), 0.06 percent
right to access mental health care and treatment has dependence on cannabis (national average, 0.25
from mental health services run or funded by the percent), and 1.09 percent have opioid dependence
appropriate government, and the government shall (national average, 2.06 percent). The medical
make sufficient provisions as may be necessary for colleges and hospitals run only outpatient services
a range of services required by a person with mental and are not equipped with providing emergency
illness (PMI)". care and hospitalizations. There are very few
recognized mental health institutions in the state,
In terms of individual psychiatric disorders, the
viz., the Central Institute of Psychiatry (CIP) and the
prevalence of depressive disorder was 3000 per
402
Ranchi Institute of Psychiatry and Allied Sciences program (DMHP) is operational in only three of 24
(RINPAS). As these are the only available facilities, districts within the state, despite being approved
they are often overburdened with severe psychiatric for all the districts. None of the primary healthcare
illnesses. Therefore, the patients with Common canters provide any form of mental health services.
Mental Disorders (CMDs), and co-morbid medical Moreover, as per the National Mental Health Survey
conditions find it difficult to receive appropriate of India, only 0.13 percent of the total health budget
and necessary treatment. The district mental health was allotted for mental health by the state department.
4. Major Health related Schemes in Jharkhand:

In this section the major health related schemes that are functional in the state are discussed.
a. Janani Suraksha Yojana-

This scheme was implemented under the National the maternal and neonatal mortality by promoting
Rural Health Mission (NHM). It is a very important institutional delivery. Women in urban areas are given
scheme for pregnant women living in both,villages 1000 rupees while those in the rural areas are given
and the urban areas of Jharkhand. The main objective 1400 rupees. This scheme is said to have benefitted a
of the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is to reduce large number of women in the state.
b. Jannani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram-

''Jannani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram'' (JSSK) travelling facilities from home to hospital and
provides medical check-ups, diet care, treatment, backand also free of cost delivery.
c. Mukhya Mantri Jannani Swasth Suraksha-

The 'Mukhya Mantri Jannani Swasth Suraksha'' by the district administration in collaboration
scheme has helped to reduce the Infant Mortality with several private hospitals, clinics and nursing
Rate(IMR) and the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) homes in the state. This scheme has helped improve
in the state by promoting institutional deliveries. This significantly the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and
scheme is also targeted to provide financial assistance the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Jharkhand,
to expectant mothers at the time of delivery. The especially in the state’s rural areas. The target was to
financial assistance encourages people to go for achieve 75 percent institutional deliveries by 2017.
institutional deliveries. This programme is launched
d. National Leprosy Eradication Programme-

The National Leprosy Eradication Programme services are offered to the leprosy afflicted patients
(NLEP) is a central government funded programme through General Health Care system, detecting
that aims to achieve the status of leprosy free India. leprosy affected patients by carrying out house to
This programme is also supported by the World house survey, providing proper medical treatment,
Health Organization, The International Federation of monitoring their progress with the help of social
Anti-leprosy Associations (ILEP), NGOs and other activists and many other activities are carried out for
organisations. Under this scheme, the decentralised the eradication of this disease.
e. Mamta Vahan Scheme-

''Mamta Vahan'' scheme was launched to decrease mortality of cost. This scheme is run under the PPP (Public Private
rate of women and new born babies. Arrangements are Partnership) mode. Around 90423 women have been
made to refer them and bring them to health centres free benefitted by this scheme.
f. National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB)-

This programme aims at providing quality eye care been striving relentlessly for prevention of visual
services to the people in Jharkhand. This programme impairment in Jharkhand. Voluntary organisations
was launched in the year 1976 and since then, has along with the help of private eye specialists organise
403
regular eye check-ups, conduct surgeries, provide provide nutritional supplements, all free of cost.
spectacles, create awareness regarding eye health and
g. National Aids Control Organisation (NACO)-

This organisation ensures that the people infected Jharkhand State AIDS Control Society (JSACS) has
with HIV/AIDS are treated with dignity and there been set up in Jharkhand to provide basic healthcare
is no discrimination against them when it comes to amenities for the patients afflicted with AIDS here
healthcare services. Various initiatives like self-help and also to undertake various steps to prevent this
groups, awareness campaigns andpeople’s networks disease by bringing about public awareness.
are undertaken with the help of various NGOs. The
5. Health Insurance Scheme:

The Jharkhand government has implemented the the AB-MMJAY. The amount under Ayushman
Ayushman Bharat Mukhyamantri Jan Arogya Yojana Bharat Mukhyamantri Jan Arogya Yojana would be
(AB-MMJAY) in 2022. This scheme is a state version applicable for secondary and tertiary hospitalization
of the Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya and all the pre-existing diseases will be covered from
Yojana (AB-PMJAY). Under this program through the Day 1. The aim of the Jharkhand State government
CM Health Insurance Scheme, the state government is to provide quality health care services, particularly
shall provide cashless and paperless treatment for those peoples who are living in the remote and
upto 5 lakh rupees to all eligible beneficiaries. The difficult areas in order to reduce the number of
earlier schemes such as the MukhyamantriSwasthya diseases. The scheme is also expected to lessen the
Bima Yojana, the Mukhyamantri Gambhir Bimari burden on state residents and help them get better
Upachar Yojana is merged and implemented under treatment.
Table 12.21: List of hospitals empanelled under the AB-MMJAY across the districts in Jharkhand
Public Government of Private (For Private (Not
Districts Total
Hospital India Profit) for Profit)
Bokaro 13 5 34 2 54
Chatra 7 1 7 0 15
Deoghar 9 0 30 1 40
Dhanbad 10 5 38 3 56
Dumka 10 1 8 0 19
East Singhbhum 12 5 33 4 54
Garhwa 10 2 31 4 47
Giridih 12 1 23 1 37
Godda 8 1 17 3 29
Gumla 11 1 4 1 17
Hazaribagh 10 4 33 1 48
Jamtara 5 0 6 0 11
Khunti 6 2 2 3 13
Kodarma 6 0 14 1 21
Latehar 7 2 4 0 13
Lohardaga 5 1 16 2 24
404
Public Government of Private (For Private (Not

Districts Total
Hospital India Profit) for Profit)
Pakaur 8 0 8 0 16
Palamu 10 1 35 6 52
Ramgarh 4 4 32 3 43
Ranchi 22 10 93 25 150
Sahibganj 7 0 4 1 12
Saraikela 8 1 18 5 32
Simdega 7 0 4 1 12
West Singhbhum 16 7 13 0 36
Jharkhand 223 54 507 67 851
Table-12. 21 shows the number of hospitals that are private (for profit) hospitals. Ranchi has the highest number
empanelled under the AB-MMJAY across districts in of hospitals, i.e., 150 empanelled hospitals and Jamtara has
Jharkhand. The empanelled hospitals are categorized the lowest number of hospitals that are empanelled, i.e., 11
under four groups viz. public hospitals, Government of hospitals. Overall, it is observed that not a single district
India Hospitals, Private hospitals (for profit) and Private lacks the existence of empanelled hospitals and hence
hospitals (not for profit). In total, there are 851 hospitals people from all the districts will have access to quality
in the state that are empanelled under AB-MMJAY, out of health care facilities.
which majority of the hospitals belong to the category of
6. Health Expenditure-
The total health expenditure (THE) as a percent of the GDP expenditure as percent of the Gross Domestic Product was
in the country is estimated as 3.16 as per the latest report only 1 percent in the state.The state has a high share of
published by the National Health Account (2018-19). The OOPE to THE i.e., around 64 percent in Jharkhand while it
per capita THE amounts to 4470 rupees in India while it is was 48 percent in India (Table 12.22).
much lower in the state (₹2995). The government Health
Table 12.22: Health Expenditure Indicators- Jharkhand vs India
Per Capita Total Health Expenditure (in ₹) 2995 4470
Per Capita Government Health Expenditure (in ₹) 1005 1815
Government Health expenditure as % of Gross Domestic Product (GSDP) 1.2 1.28
Government Health Expenditure as % of General Government Expenditure (GGE) 6.1 4.81
OOPE as a Share of Total Health Expenditure (THE) % 63.9 48.2

Source: Compiled from the report of NHA (2019-20)
Table 12.23 shows the OOPE figures for inpatient observed for inpatient care. The average OOPE for
and outpatient care in Jharkhand and India. The delivery care in private hospitals were also high as
OOPE for OPD in public institutions was lower as compared to the public hospitals.
compared to private institutions. Similar pattern was
405
Table 12.23: Out-of-Pocket Expenditure- Jharkhand vs India
Jharkhand India
Indicators
Rural Urban Rural Urban
OPD - Per non-hospitalized ailing person (in INR) in last 15
431 788 472 486
days - Public
OPD - Per non-hospitalized ailing person (in INR) in last 15
1156 1364 845 915
days - Private
IPD - Per hospitalized case (in INR) - Public 5,736 16,764 5,729 5,939
IPD - Per hospitalized case (in INR) - Private 29,103 31,441 28,816 34,122
IPD - % of diagnostics expenditure as a proportion of inpa-
12 10 18 17
tient medical expenditure in Public (NSSO)
IPD - % of drugs expenditure as a proportion of inpatient
59 45 53 43
medical expenditure – Public (NSSO)
Childbirth - Average out of pocket expenditure per delivery in
2,087 3,081 2,402 3,091
public health facility (₹) (NSSO)
Childbirth - Average out of pocket expenditure per delivery in
14,813 19,405 20,692 26,701
private health facility (₹)
Source: Compiled from NSS Report no. 586: Health in India, 2019
The total budget for health was ₹1,69,442.45 lakhs budget for infrastructure, 99 percent has expended
upto March, 2022. Of the total approved budget during this financial year. However, for IT Initiatives
59 percent of the funds have been used to improve for the purpose of strengthening service delivery, the
the health quality of the state. Against the approved expenditure was on 12 percent.
Table 12.24: Health expenditure in Lakhs (upto March, 2022) (New codes)
New ROP % of
Activity Expenditure
Codes Approval Expenditure
1 Service Delivery - Facility Based 17362.47 9052.60 52
2 Service Delivery - Community Based 5610.99 2427.94 43
3 Community Interventions 29408.42 17579.25 60
4 Untied Fund 5757.05 2341.93 41
5 Infrastructure 3478.88 3455.03 99
6 Procurement 21142.20 11122.50 53
7 Referral Transport 9158.93 5966.18 65
8 Human Resources 38602.94 24840.38 64
9 Training and Capacity Building 4041.42 2019.97 50
10 Reviews, Research, Surveys and Surveillance 135.95 66.50 49
11 IEC/BCC 1874.32 1564.03 83
12 Printing 1471.04 861.36 59
13 Quality Assurance 2198.48 623.20 28
14 Drug Warehousing and Logistics 1110.53 906.57 82
406
New ROP % of
Activity Expenditure
Codes Approval Expenditure
15 PPP 4112.99 1829.51 44
16 Programme Management 13800.33 7535.56 55
17 IT Initiatives for strengthening Service Delivery 1456.17 177.67 12
18 Innovations (if any) 197.34 52.02 26
IM 8522.00 7000.00 82
Total 169442.45 99986.56 59
Operational cost of COVID-19 Vaccination 0.00 1752.13

India COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health
0.00 8958.12
Systems Preparedness Package (ECRP-I)
Emergency COVID Response Plan (ECRP) Phase
63890.03 2324.64
II
G Total 0.00 113021.44
7. Conclusion
The efforts made by the government of Jharkhand in performing states like Jharkhand could be one of
order to combat the poor health status of its people the reasons for the results achieved. Although, the
is evident from the improved health outcomes as achievements across districts are although extremely
discussed above. Most of the SDG target indicators unequal. One area which requires immediate
are below the national average indicating the state’s attention is the high OOPE in the state. As per the
progress. Additionally, the key mortality indicators NHA, around 64 percent of THE is borne by the
discussed above are also close to the national individuals, making them fall into impoverishment.
average, indicating the continuous progress the state The OOPE figures for delivery related care is further
is making in improving its health status. In some worrisome. Thus, improving the current quality of
cases, it has performed better than the national primary care, continuous monitoring and evaluation
average. For instance, MMR in Jharkhand is lower across districts and learning form the best districts
than the national average. Focused intervention are a few approaches the state can adopt to enhance
in improving maternal health, particularly in low the health status of the people.
407
Chapter 13
Drinking Water and Sanitation
409
Safe drinking water with adequate and appropriate availability and access to safe drinking water has
sanitation facilities along with good hygiene improved in the state over the years. The number
practices is fundamental to good health. Realising of people living in the households having improved
the importance of these sectors, several initiatives sanitation facility has also increased over a period
have been taken by the state to provide these facilities of time .
to each household in the state. As a result, the
The Present Status of Drinking Water and Sanitation facilities in Jharkhand

As per the report of the NFHS-5 (2019-21), 86.6 per of the population live in households with improved
cent of the state’s population live in households sanitation facility. In the urban areas of the country,
with an improved drinking water source. In the urban 98.7 per cent of the population live in households
areas of the state, the percentage of people living in with an improved drinking water source and 81.5
households with an improved drinking water source per cent of the population live in households with
is 94.6 per cent while those in the rural areas of the improved sanitation facility. In the rural areas of
state are 84.1 per cent only. Similarly, 56.7 per cent the country, 94.6 per cent of the population live in
of the population of the state live in households which households with an improved drinking water source
use improved sanitation facility. While in the urban and 64.9 per cent of the population live in households
area of the state, 75.9 per cent of the population live with improved sanitation facility.
in households that use improved sanitation facility,
The gap between Jharkhand and the national average
in rural areas of the state only 50.8 per cent of the
is much higher in terms of access to improved
population live in households with such facility.
sanitation facility than in access to improved drinking
These data depict stark rural-urban disparity in terms
water and in both these facilities, the difference
of access to improved drinking water and sanitation
is much higher in the rural areas than in the urban
facilities.
areas. In comparison to the national average,4.3 per
Jharkhand lags behind the national average in cent less people of the state have access to improved
access to improved drinking water and sanitation drinking water source. The same is with the sanitation
facilities. A larger percentage of the population in facility where 7.4 per cent less people have access
the country have access to these facilities than those to improved sanitation facility in comparison to the
in Jharkhand. The difference is much higher in the national average. The gaps in access to improved
rural areas than in the urban areas. In India 95.9 per drinking water source and improved sanitation
cent of the population live in households with an facility in the rural areas are much higher i.e.12.5 and
improved drinking water source and 70.2 per cent 27.8 per cent respectively.
Table 13.1: Status of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Parameters in Jharkhand and India,
2019-2021
Population living in Population living in households

households with improved that use improved sanitation
Region/WASH parameters drinking water source (%) facilities (%)
Urban 94.6 75.9
Rural 84.1 50.8
Jharkhand Total 86.6 56.7
Urban 98.7 81.5
Rural 94.6 64.9
All -India Total 95.9 70.2
Source – NFHS -5 Report
411
Access to safe drinking water is essential to improve Within the rural areas of the state, there is wide inter-
health outcomes of the people.This is necessary to district variation in terms of access to improved
not only ensure the effective absorption of nutrients source of drinking water. More than 90 per cent of
by human body but also to prevent water-borne the rural population ofPalamau and Garhwa in the
diseases and to meet the requirement of some of north-west of the state and Dumka and Jamtara in
the essential micro-nutrients which ensures food the north-east of the state, live in households with
security of the people. While the access to safe improved drinking water sources. The condition of
drinking water is comparatively high, almost equal the rest of the Santhal Pargana region is also better
to the national average (only 4.3 per cent below the than many other parts of the state. More than 84 per
national average) in rural areas of the state, it is not cent of the population of this region have access to
only much below the national average (12.5 per cent safe drinking water. On the other hand, less than 80
less than the access to this facility in the rural areas per cent of the population of the districts of Simdega,
of the country) but also below that of the urban areas Khunti, Gumla, Lohardaga, Latehar, Ranchi and
of Jharkhand (about 11 per cent less than that in the West Singhbhu mhave access to safe drinking water.
urban areas of the state).
Map 13.1:District-Wise Percentage of Households with Access to Safe Drinking Water in RuralAreas
of Jharkhand, 2019-2021
Sahibganj
Godda
86.3
Pakur
88.5
Koderma
88.4
Deoghar Dumka
80.6 Giridih
Garhwa Palamu Chatra
Hazaribagh 90.3 92.8
86.3 Jamtara
91.6 93.6 82.4
84.2
Latehar Dhanbad
Bokaro 92.3
78.2 Ramgarh 81.4

80.0
Lohardaga
Ranchi 66.7 HouseholdAccessto safe
75.8 drinking water (%)
77.4
Gumla Khunti 65.2- 75-8
75.9-80.6
70.7 65.2-75.8
67.1 SareikelaKhar
sawan 80.7-84.2
Simdega East
83.5 84.3-90.3
West Singhbhum83.
65.2 90.4-93.6
8
Singhbhum76.
Kilometers 9
0 40 160
80
Source- Food Security Atlas of Rural Jharkhand, Institute for Human Development (IHD). Computed by IHD Research team based
on NFHS-5, 2019-2021
Progress in Access to Improved Drinking Water and Sanitation Facility

The access to improved source of drinking water and areas of the state, the access to safe drinking water
sanitation facility has improved in the state over the has increased from 46.7 per cent in year 2005-06 to
years. While in the year 2005-06 (NFHS-3) only 57 80.3 per cent in the year 2019-21(about 80 per cent
per cent of the population of Jharkhand had access in last 15 years), in the urban areas of the state it has
to safe drinking water,by the year 2019-21 (NFHS- increased from 86.8 per cent to 95.1 per cent (about
5) it grew to86.8 per cent. It thus, has grown by 10 per cent during this period).
about 52 per cent in last 15 years. While in the rural
412
The coverage of the sanitation facility in the state during this period). While in the urban area of the
was very low in the year 2005-06.It, however, has state it increased from 50.4 per cent to 75.1 per cent
made significant progress in last 15 years. While in (by 49 per cent), in the rural areas of the state it
the year 2005-06, only 15.1 per cent of the population increased manifold i.e. from 2.9 per cent in the year
of the state were living in households having access 2005-06 to 49.1 per cent (about 17 times) in the year
to improved sanitation facility, their percentage grew 2015-16.
to 55.4 per cent by 2019-21 (by about 267 per cent
Figure- 13.1: Progress in the Percentage of Households with Improved Facilities of Drinking Water
and Sanitation between the Years 2005-06 and 2020-21 in Jharkhand
Sources: NFHS-3, 4 and 5.
413
Present Status of Drinking Water in Jharkhand
To improve the quality of life and enhance ease of the households at the rate of 55 litres per capita per
living in the rural areas, the Government of India day by 2024. The mission will significantly improve
made certain provisions of providing assured tap the quality of life, particularly of women and children
water supply to every rural household in the country and assist in ensuring habitations with sustainable
by 2024.The Prime Minister of India announced Jal Open Defecation Free (ODF) facility as water is
Jeevan Mission (JJM)-Har Ghar Jal on August 15, significant to sustain the gains of the Swachh Bharat
2019.The Jal Jeevan Mission is being implemented Mission.
in partnership with the state governments.
As on February 11, 2023, a total of 633 villages of
The mission provides assured service delivery in Jharkhand reported 100 per cent tap water connection.
terms of potable tap water supply to every home It is about 0.5 per cent of the total number of villages
and public institution like schools, AWCs, PHC, which reported 100 per cent tap water connectionin
community centre,wellness centres, etc. The Jal the country. Out of the total villages reporting 100
Jeevan Mission aims at developing the capacity of per cent tap connection in the state, 101 villages have
local village community in order to achieve long beencertified which account for about 16 per cent of
term drinking water security. The government all the villages which have reported 100 per cent tap
of India has restructured and subsumed National water connection. In India,about 32 percent of such
Rural Drinking Water Programme into Jal Jeevan villages have been certified.
Mission to provide functional tap connection to all
Table 13.2: Jal Jeevan Mission -Har Ghar Jal Status (Jharkhand and India) As on February 11, 2023
Villages reported
Number of
100 per cent tap Villages Certified Per cent
Villages Certified
connection
Jharkhand 633 101 15.96
India 152995 48513 31.71
Source -https://ejalshakti.gov.in/jjmreport/JJMIndia.aspx
The status of availability of safe drinking water Koderma (28.97per cent), Dumka (26.36 per cent),
across districts has increased considerably. The Gumla (25.61 per cent) and Deoghar (24.73 per cent).
Jal Jeevan Mission programme envisages source
However, there are households of few districts such
sustainability measures such as recharge and reuse
as Chatra (15.85 per cent), Palamu (13.64 per cent),
through grey water management, water conservation
Godda (10.5 per cent) and Pakur (6.86 per cent)
and rain water harvesting. The percentage share of
wherein the progress interms of coverage through
tap water connection in households of every district
tap water connection is low. The overall coverage
of the state has been expanding since the inception
of tap water connection in households of the state of
of this scheme. As on December 2022,households of
Jharkhand is more than 20 per cent as on December
Ramgarh (55.3 per cent), Simdega (40.39 per cent),
2022-23.
Bokaro (35.81per cent) and Dhanbad (31.93 per cent)
districts had the maximum percentage of coverage
through the tap water connection followed by
414
Map 13.2: Progress in Tap Water Connection in households as on December 2022-23
Source: Home | Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation | GoI (jalshakti-ddws.gov.in)
Har Ghar Jal Status - Certified Villages

All the villages of Simdega, Purbi Singhbhum and certifed villages range between 30 and 80 per cent.
Lohardaga districts, reporting cent per cent tap In the capital of the state, 54 villages reported 100
water connection in the year2022- 23 (13th February) per cent tap water connection of which only 13 have
have been certified. Villages of certain districts been categorised as certified as on February 13,
had performed well with respect to coverage of tap 2023 which amount to about 24 per cent of all those
water connection but have not been classsified as villages which have been reported to have cent per
certified villages. In Koderma, Pakur, Khuti, Bokaro, cent tap water connection.
Ramgarh, Godda and Gumla, the percentage of
415
Har Ghar Jal Status - Certified Villages of districts as on February13, 2023
Top Performing Districts
Certified Percentage -100 per cent
Table 13.3
S. Villages reported 100 per Villages

NO Districts cent tap connection Certified Certified Percent
1 Lohardaga 1 1 100.0
2 Purbi Singhbhum 5 5 100.0
3 Simdega 1 1 100.0
Average Performing Districts

Certified Percentage - 30 per cent -80 per cent
Table 13.4
Villages reported 100 Villages Certified
S. NO Districts per cent tap connection Certified Percent
1 Koderma 4 3 75.0
2 Pakur 3 2 66.7
3 Khuti 26 16 61.5
4 Bokaro 16 8 50.0
5 Ramgarh 25 12 48.0
6 Godda 15 5 33.3
7 Gumla 6 2 33.3
Districts performing less than average

Certified Percentage- less than 30 per cent
Table 13.5
Villages reported
Villages
S. NO Districts 100 per cent tap Certified Percent
Certified
connection
Sareikela &
1 68 18 26.5
Kharsawan
2 Chatra 16 4 25.0
3 Ranchi 54 13 24.1
4 Dumka 20 3 15.0
5 Sahibganj 18 1 5.6
6 Giridih 143 6 4.2
7 Jamtara 25 1 4.0
Source: Home | Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation | GoI (jalshakti-ddws.gov.in)
416
Coverage of Tap Water Connections in Schools
Table 13.6: Status of Schools with Tap Water Supply as on February 12, 2023
Schools with tap water
Total schools Schools with tap water supply
supply (%)
Jharkhand 41408 30078 72.64
India 1031264 901854 87.45
Source - https://ejalshakti.gov.in/jjmreport/School/JJMSchool_India.aspx
As per the latest report of the South Asia Consortium At present 74.64 per cent of schools in Jharkhand
for Interdisciplinary Water Resources Studies, it have access to tap water supply. This figure for the
is found that over 443 million school days are lost all-India level is 87.45 per cent. The department of
each year due to illness from water related diseases. Drinking Water and Sanitation is making striding
More than one-third of schools and colleges have no efforts to provide all the schools with tap water
water points or toilets on site (UNICEF, 2010).To connection. The state government has realized that
ensure that schools provide a healthy and conductive water is a scare resource hence creating a plan for
learning environment for children, they must be future becomes critical for places where water
equipped with safe drinking water and hand washing scarcity is an issue. They are making successful
facilities as well as safe and user-friendly sanitation effort to mitigate water crisis by adopting innovative
facilities. This facility of providing clean tap water water conservation strategies and creating access to
supply in schools has been a top priority of the state tap water facilities in school campuses.
government.
District Level Coverage of Tap Water Supply in Schools

Table 13.7: Status of Schools with Tap Water Supply as on December 2022-23
Schools with
Remaining Coverage
S. NO Districts Total Schools Tap Water
Target Percentage
Supply
1 Purbi Singhbhum 1780 830 950 46.6
2 Bokaro 1883 836 1047 44.4
3 Deoghar 2031 796 1235 39.2
4 Dhanbad 1857 656 1201 35.3
5 Paschim Singhbhum 2236 592 1644 26.5
6 Ramgarh 776 189 587 24.4

7 Hazaribagh 2198 525 1673 23.9
8 Giridih 3799 808 2991 21.3
9 Khuti 1003 171 832 17.0
10 Pakur 1135 183 952 16.1
11 Latehar 1238 195 1043 15.8
417
Schools with
Remaining Coverage
S. NO Districts Total Schools Tap Water
Target Percentage
Supply
Sareikela &
12 1477 209 1268 14.2
Kharsawan
13 Godda 1710 226 1484 13.2
14 Garhwa 1554 194 1360 12.5
15 Sahibganj 1436 170 1266 11.8
16 Simdega 1068 114 954 10.7
17 Jamtara 1086 92 994 8.5
18 Koderma 840 58 782 6.9
19 Palamu 2716 174 2542 6.4
20 Ranchi 2820 175 2645 6.2
21 Lohardaga 645 39 606 6.0
22 Dumka 2542 146 2396 5.7
23 Chatra 1807 84 1723 4.6
24 Gumla 1771 69 1702 3.9
Above 30 %
20 % - 30 %
10 % - 20 %
0 % - 10 %
Districts such as Bokaro (44.4), Purbi Singhbhum District such as Dumka (5.7), Chatra (4.6) and Gumla
(46.6),Deoghar (39.2) and Dhanbad (35.3) have done (3.9) did not perform well in terms of coverage of tap
significantly well in terms of coverage of clean tap water supply across schools. The government must
water supply facilities across schools. As far as the pay necessary attention, particularly to schools of
capital of the state is concerned, development in these districts and focus on capacity building to scale
terms of coverage of tap water supply across schools up the coverage of the tap water supply.
has been merely 6.2 per cent as on December 2022.
Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance in Jharkhand

Water Quality Monitoring can be defined as sampling of water, sediments and fish tissue to determine the
and analysis of water constituents and conditions. levels of key constituents of water such as oxygen,
As per the Environment Protection Agency, there nutrients, metals, oils and pesticides. They also
are many ways to monitor the quality of water. monitor the physical conditions of water. Monitoring
Monitoring specialists sample the chemical condition can be conducted for many purposes such as to
418
characterize water, identify trends in water quality Laboratories(NABL). These laboratories constitute
over a period and also to recognize emerging water 1.4 per cent of the total number of such laboratories
quality problems. Monitoring the quality of water in the country. The total samples tested using
also help in gathering information to design specific these laboratories in Jharkhand and India were
pollution prevention or remediation programmes. approximately 73 thousand and 27 lakhs respectively
in the financial year 2022-23 (as on December
As on December 17,2022 there were around 30
17,2022). The total number of samples which were
testing laboratories in Jharkhand out of which a total
found contaminated was 22 for Jharkhand and 2.50
of 10 laboratories were accredited by the National
lakh for India during this period.
Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration
Table 13.8: Status of Drinking Water Samples Tested in Laboratories in 2022-23 ( December17,2022)
Number
Number Remedial
Samples Samples Samples found of NABL
of Testing actions
received tested contaminated accredited
Laboratories taken
laboratories
Jharkhand 30 10010 72880 22 0 10
India 2074 127212 2659577 253835 121239 1007
Source:https://ejalshakti.gov.in/jjmreport/Quality/WQMIS_Dashboard.aspx
A Field Test Kit (FTK) is a devise to asses the financial year 2022-23(as on December17, 2022), the
quality of drinking water using qualitative and semi number of villages wherein FTK test done was 5109
quantitative methods. The usage of Field Test Kit and 189014 for Jharkhand and India respectively.
(FTK) is very important, especially for the rural areas, Samples found contaminated were around 8 thousand
where the availability of quality drinking water has for Jharkhand out of which remedial actions were
been an issueof serious concern. The need for water taken on 2223 cases in the financial year 2022-23(as
quality FTK has emerged as a prominent aspect of on December 17, 2022 ).In India, samples found
capacity building measure. All the Gram Pnachayats contaminated were large in numbersi.e 5.75 lakhs
in rural areas have received FTK and are planning to out of which remedial actions were taken against 88
institutionalize water quality monitoring. During the thousand cases during the same time period .
Table 13.9: Status of Drinking Water Samples tested using FTK in 2022-23 (As on December 17,.....?)
Number of Villages Number of Samples found Remedial

where FTK test done FTK test done contaminated actions taken
Jharkhand 5109 100683 7907 2223
India 189014 5696164 575197 88469

Source: https://ejalshakti.gov.in/jjmreport/Quality/WQMIS_Dashboard.aspx
Water Quality Profile

The water quality monitoring is done at the district pregnant women, the elderly and people with a weak
level to obtain quantitative information on the immune system are vulnerable to it. Monitoring
physical, chemical and biological characteristics provides necessary evidence to make sound decisions
of water. The presence of certain contaminants on managing water quality both, at present and in the
in our water can led to health issues, including future. As on December17, 2022, there were only
gastro-intestinal illness, reproductive problems and three districts i.e. Godda, Khunti and Latehar where
neurological disorders. Infants, young children, detection of contaminants in source water was nil.
419
Table 13.10: District Level Water Quality Profile (1)
Districts Total Sources Tested Tested Sources not found Contaminated
Godda 7530 7530
Khuti 2677 2677
Latehar 5035 5035
Other contaminants such as arsenic, fluoride and of deaths among young adults . Out of the 6895
nitrate are considered lethal in nature. A high drinking water sources tested in Dhanbad during the
concentration of arsenic in drinking water has the financial year 2022-23 (December 17,.....), only one
potential to cause diseases like cancer and skin source had been identified as contaminated with a
lesions. It is also associated with cardiovascular high concentration of arsenic. In Sahibganj district,
diseases and diabetics. Increased exposure to arsenic the total source tested were 15381 as on December
during early childhood are linked to negative impacts 17, 2022out of which six were found contaminated
on cognitive development and increased number witha high concentration of arsenic.
Table 13.11: District Level Water Quality Profile (2)
Tested sources not Number of sources having

Districts Total sources tested
found contaminated high Arsenic concentration
Dhanbad 6895 6851 1
Sahibganj 15381 13271 6
A very high amount of fluoride and nitrate in of Faecal Coliform was highest in 210 water sources
water sources causes dental, skeletal fluorosis, of Sahibganj. This was followed by 111 water
methemoglobinemia in infants and stomach cancer sources of Garhwa. A Coliform bacterium does not
in adults. The concentration of fluoride and nitrate necessarily cause illness. However, their presence in
was highest in water sources of some districts of drinking water indicates disease causing pathogens
the state. As on December, 2022, the total drinking in it which poses a greater threat to the overall health
water sources tested in Sahibganj were 15381of of human beings. Treating these containments in
which 488 sources were found densely congregated drinking water source has been the priority of the
with fluoride and 169 sources with nitrate. This state government. Treating of impure sources of
was followed by Chatra with a total of 94 drinking drinking water involves several procedures such as
water sources adulterated with fluoride and 239 with coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration
nitrate during same fiscal year of 2022-23(December and disinfection. These steps are carried out in
17,.2022). centralized water treatment plants so that safe and
clean drinking water is ensured to every citizen of
There are water sources in a few districts which are
the country.
polluted with biological contaminants. The presence
420
Table 13.12: Fluoride& Nitrate contaminants in Tested Sources
Total sources Tested sources not
S.NO Districts tested found contaminated Fluoride Nitrate
1 Chatra 11682 11222 94 239
2 Deoghar 4166 4127 2 16
3 Dhanbad 6895 6851 2 6
4 Dumka 12753 12602 37 12
5 Garhwa 12297 12165 73 0
6 Giridih 5374 5373 1 3
7 Gumla 5806 5768 6 3
8 Jamtara 10020 9906 1 12
9 Koderma 8526 8463 23 0
10 Lohardaga 5399 5279 1 1
11 Pakur 8749 8684 9 1
12 Palamu 11117 10984 131 18
13 Ramgarh 10033 9912 1 4
14 Sahibganj 15381 13271 488 169
Sareikela &
15 Kharsawan 14293 13976 3 0
Table 13.13: Contaminant Faecal Coliform in Tested Sources
Total Sources Tested Sources Not Found

Faecal Coliform
Tested Contaminated
S.No Districts
1 Chatra 11682 11222 2
2 Deoghar 4166 4127 11
3 Dhanbad 6895 6851 1
4 Dumka 12753 12602 30
5 Garhwa 12297 12165 111
6 Koderma 8526 8463 1
7 Lohardaga 5399 5279 14
8 Pakur 8749 8684 34
9 Palamu 11117 10984 62
10 Paschim Singhbhum 12668 12437 4
11 Sahibganj 15381 13271 210
Sareikela &
12 Kharsawan 14293 13976 39
Source:https://ejalshakti.gov.in/jjmreport/Quality/WQMIS_Dashboard.aspx
421
Sanitation
The term sanitation has a comprehensive meaning • Poor sanitation reduces human wellbeing,
that encompasses efficient management of human social as well as economic developments.
waste (which includes collection, handling and
• Lack of sanitation is linked to transmission
reprocessing), solid waste (including biodegradable
of diarrheal diseases such as cholera and
and non-biodegradable materials), waste water,
dysentery as well as typhoid, intestinal worm
sewage discharges, industrial wastes and hazardous
infections and polio. It exacerbates stunting
waste such as chemicals, plastic and other dangerous
and contributes to the spread of antimicrobial
substances. The World Health Organization defines
resistance.
the term sanitation as provision of facilities and
services for safe disposal of human urine and faeces. As per the World Health Organization report on
Guidelines on Sanitation and Health 2018, the
As per World Health Organization (WHO) fact sheet
following recommendations have been made to
• In 2020, 54 percent of the global population achieve improved sanitation facilities across the
used a safely managed sanitation service. globe:
• Over 1.7 billion people did not have basic Recommendation 1:- Ensure universal access and
sanitation services such as private toilets or use of toilets that safely contain excreta.
latrines in the financial year 2020-21.
Recommendation 2:- Ensure safe systems along the
• Of these, 494 million still defecate in open entire sanitation service chain.
form.
Recommendation 3:-Sanitation should be addressed
• In 2020, 45 per cent of the household as part of locally delivered services and
wastewater generated globally was discharged
broader development programmes and policies.
without safe treatment.
Recommendation 4:- The health sector should fulfil
• At least 10 per cent of the world population
core functions to ensure safe sanitation
is thought to consume food irrigated by waste
water. in order to protect public health.
Swachh Bharat Mission – Gramin

Phase -1
The Swachh Bharat Mission – Gramin aims to bring were constructed in rural India under this program.
about changes in the general quality of life in the Jharkhand was also declared ODF in November,
rural areas by promoting cleanliness, hygiene and 2018. The figure below shows the year wise progress
eliminating open defecation. This mission introduced of Jharkhand in achieving 100 per cent ODF status
by the central government achieved its target on time. since the launch of the Swachh Bharat Mission-
Under the mission all villages, Gram Panchyats, Gramin on October 02, 2014. It was just 16.25 per
districts, states and union territories of India cent and by the end of the financial year 2018-19,
declared themselves “Open Defecation Free (ODF)” it reached to 100 per cent during the financial year
by October 2, 2019, the 150th birth anniversary 2019-20.
of Mahatma Gandhi. Around 100 million toilets
422
Figure 13.2: Year -Wise Progression of Jharkhand in achieving 100 per cent Open Defecation Free
Status since the launch of SBM-G
Source – http://sbm.gov.in/sbmreport/State.aspx
Phase 2 of the Swachh Bharat Mission –Gramin: ODF Plus

In order to stabilize Phase 1 of Swachh Bharat and solid and liquid waste management facilities are
Mission - Gramin and to ensure that open defecation- accessible to all, the GOIhad initiated phase 2 of the
free behaviour is sustained, no one is left behind Swachh Bharat Mission - Gramin.
Objectives of the Swachh Bharat Mission –Phase 2

• Encourage ‘Open Defecation Free’ behaviour. • To create significant positive impact on gender
and promote social inclusion by improving
• Encourage cost effective and appropriate
sanitation especially among the marginalized
technologies for ecologically safe and sustained
communities.
sanitation.
A village is being declared ODF Plus Village under
• To develop whenever required, community
three categoriesi.e Aspiring, Rising and Model. There
managed sanitation system focusing on
are certain criteria within each category that needs to
scientific solid and liquid waste management
be fulfilled.
systems for overall cleanliness in the rural
areas.
ODF Plus Aspiring Villages–For any village of district to fall in this category, certain criteria
need to be satisfied.
• All households in the villageshould have access As on December 17, 2022, 263 villages of Palamu
to a functional toilet facility. district were declared ODF Plus Aspiring village.
This was followed by Giridih district with 224 such
• All schools/Anganwadi Centres, PanchyatGhar
villages. Villages of districts such as East Singhbhum
in the villagesshould have access to a functional
(170 villages), Dhanbad (137 villages), Deoghar
toilet, with separate toilets for males and
(129 villages) and Bokaro (116 villages) have done
females.
significantly well in sustaining ‘Open Defecation
• The village should have arrangements for Free’ status.
solid waste management and liquid waste
management.
423
ODF Plus Rising Villages - The criteria under “Rising” category are as follows
• All households in the village should have in the village have access to a functional toilet,
access to a functional toilet facility. with separate toilets for the males and the
females.
• All schools/ Anganwadi Centres/PanchyatGhar
in the village must have access to functional • All public places in the village should have
toilet, with separate toilets for males and minimal litter, stagnant wastewater and no
females. plastic waste dump.
• The villages should have arrangements for • The village must have arrangements for solid
solid as well as liquid waste management. waste management.
The top performing districts under the category • The village must have arrangements for liquid
of ODF plus“Rising” were Pakur,Ramgarh and waste management.
Kodermadistricts. As per the department of Drinking
• The villages should prominently display ODF
Water and Sanitation(Ministry of Jal Shakti), the total
plus IEC messages through wall paintings /
number of villages in the state of Jharkhand declared
billboards,etc.
ODF Plus “Rising” were 202(December 2022-23).
A total of 104 villages of Ramgarh and 32 villages
ODF Plus Model Villages:For any village to fall under of Jamtara and Deoghar were declared ODF
the “Model” category, a total of six criteriashave to plus“Model” villages in the financial year 2022-23
be fulfilled. These criteriasare laid down as follows. (as on December17, 2022).These districts were top
performing districts. The total number of ODF plus
• All households in the village must have access “Model” villages in the state stood at 227, which was
to a financial toilet facility. merely 0.54 per cent of the total ODF-plus “Model”
villages in India (41834 villages) in the financial year
• All Schools/Anganwadi Centres/PanchyatGhar 2022-23( as on December17, 2022).
Table 13.14: ODF Plus Village -Aspiring as on December 17, 2022

Number of ODF Number of
S. Total No of ODF Plus
District Plus- Aspiring ODF Plus -
No Villages -Model Villages
Village Rising Villages
1 Bokaro 718 116 0 1
2 Chatra 1339 48 1 7
3 Deoghar 2179 129 15 32
4 Dhanbad 1145 137 9 0
5 Dumka 2628 123 12 14
7 Garhwa 846 11 7 1
8 Giridih 2542 224 5 4
9 Godda 1585 28 7 5
10 Gumla 949 80 0 2
424
Number of ODF Number of

S. Total No of ODF Plus
District Plus- Aspiring ODF Plus -
No Villages -Model Villages
Village Rising Villages
11 Hazaribagh 1200 74 9 2
12 Jamtara 1076 7 5 32
13 Khunti 756 29 2 1
14 Koderma 571 80 23 1
15 Latehar 756 43 0 2
16 Lohardaga 352 164 0 1
17 Pakur 1130 14 52 5
18 Palamu 1785 263 0 4
19 Ramgarh 322 41 24 104
20 Ranchi 1326 31 12 0
21 Sahebganj 1292 23 1 1
Sareike-
22 1080 29 10 0
la&Kharsawan
23 Simdega 450 73 1 1
24 West Singhbhum 1635 46 5 6
Source: https://swachhbharatmission.gov.in/sbmcms/index.htm
Waste Management in Jharkhand

Solid Waste Management –The process of solid maximum number of villages having solid waste
waste management starts from generation to management system i.e.coverage of around 43
collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste. per cent during the financial year 2022-23 (as on
Improper disposal could lead to various health related December, 2022). This was followed by Koderma
issues of contaminated diseases. For example, these district with 20.3 per cent of villages having proper
may consist of diseasesborne through contamination waste management system. The villages of districts
of water, air and soil . Hazardous waste treatment such as Bokaro, East Singhbhum, Giridih, Godda,
or unsafe waste treatment such as open burning can Jamtara, Palamu , Sahibganj and West Singhbhum
directly harm workers and other people involved in lacks proper waste management system . The
the burning of waste. This also takes within its fold percentage of coverage with regards to solid waste
the people living in the neighbouring communities. management system in these districts has been less
Children are at an increased risk of adverse health than even 1 per cent as on December, 2022.
outcomes. In Jharkhand, Ramgarh district had the
425
Figure 13.3: Coverage of Percentage of SWM (Solid Waste Management) Arrangement - Village Level
Source-https://sbm.gov.in/odfplusdashboard/phaseII/StateDashboard.aspx
Liquid Waste Management–Proper management of Villages of Lohardaga and Ramgarh districts have
liquid waste is an important determinant of improved proper liquid waste management systems in place.
sanitation in any community. Liquid waste can be As on December 2022, the total coverage percentage
defined as liquids such as wastewater, fats, oils and of liquid waste management system was 68.8 per
grease, sludge and hazardous liquid materials. There cent for villages of Lohardaga and 53.1 per cent for
are various methods by which these wastes are managed villages of Ramgarh district. This was followed by
such as de-watering, sedimentation, composting, Bokaro where 17 per cent of villages haveoperational
incineration, root-zone-treatment and solidification. liquid waste management system.
Figure 13.4: Coverage Percentage of LWM (Liquid Waste Management) across Villages of Jharkhand
West Singhbhum 4.3
Simdega 11.3
Saraikela & Kharsawan 4.4
Sahebganj 2.6
Ranchi 4.1
Ramgarh 53.1
Palamu 15.5
Pakur 9.0
Lohardaga 68.8
Latehar 5.4
Koderma 4.7
Khunti 0.8
Jamtara 5.0
Hazaribagh 7.1
Gumla 8.9
Godda 2.6
Giridih 10.5
Garhwa 2.5
East Singhbhum 11.7
Dumka 5.9
Dhanbad 14.5
Deoghar 9.1
Chatra 4.5
Bokaro 17.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Coverage Percentage of LWM
Source- https://sbm.gov.in/odfplusdashboard/phaseII/StateDashboard.aspx
426
As on December 20, 2022, about 559 villages 14639 community soak pits and 6735 community
were having arrangements for management of both compost pits in the state. The table below shows the
solidand liquid waste. There were a total of about detailed achievement in Jharkhand under Phase-2 of
243 waste collection and segregation sheds, about SBM-G.
Table 13.15: Other Achievements under SBM-G Phase 2 in Jharkhand (As on 20th Dec 2022-23)
ODF -Plus Category
Total number of villages having arrangement of both SWM and LWM 559
Total number of villages with minimal litter 20293

Total number of villages with minimal stagnant water 20111
Total Number of villages with no Plastic Dump in Public Places 16909
Total waste collection and segregation sheds 243
Total Community Soak Pits 14639
Total Community Compost Pits 6735
Plastic Waste Management Units 9
Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant 3
Drainage Works 7293
Total Community Sanitary Complexes 1108
Total Household Toilets Constructed since 2nd Oct 2014 4133040
Source- https://sbm.gov.in/odfplusdashboard/phaseII/StateDashboard.aspx
Improvement in the key indicators showing the status of Sanitation in the rural areas of
Jharkhand in the three editions of the National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey (NARSS)
The results of the National Annual Rural Sanitation DLI-1 Reduction in the prevalence of open defecation
Survey are helpful in observing the progress of
DLI-2 Sustaining ODF status in the villages
SBM-G. It also helps in observing the sustained
sanitation behaviour of the people. The World Bank DLI-3 Increase in population with access to Solid
is supporting the government of India’s initiative and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM)
of the Swachh Bharat Mission support operation.
DLI-4 Operationalization of the Performance
This operation comprises of two different sets of
Incentive Grant Scheme by MDWS
activities i.e. performance incentives for sanitation
improvement in the rural areas and technical assistance Aligned with the requirement of the programme, the
for strengthening institutional capabilities on Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation selected
program management,advocacy and communications Independent Verification Agency (IVA) IPE Global
andimplementing a credible monitoring & evaluation in consortium with Kantar Public to conduct National
system to measure the results of SBM-G. Annual Rural Sanitation (NARSS). This is done in
order to measure the performance of each state with
To execute the activities, the World Bank has
respect to the above mentioned DLIs. A total of five
decided to reward the performance of the states.
surveys are proposed under this mechanism. Three
These performances are to be measured through four
surveys – NARSS-1 (2017-18), NARSS-2 (2018-19)
Disbursement Linked Indicators (DLIs)-
and NARSS-3 (2019-20) have been completed so far.
427
The performance of Jharkhand and India with respect verified villages which was the parameter used for
to Delivery Linked Indicators of the NARSS were computingDLI-2 score was around 80 per cent for
given in tables 13.17 and 13.18. The DLI-1 and DLI- Jharkhand and 90.1 per cent for India in round 3
2 scores of Jharkhand as well as India improved of the NARSS. For Jharkhand the DLI-3 score (the
considerably in all three rounds of NARSS. The DLI- computational parameter of which was percentage of
1scrore for Jharkhand which was computed using the rural population practicing Solid and Liquid Waste
parameter i.e.percentage of rural population using Management) accelerated to 47.9 per cent (NARSS-2)
safe, functional and hygiene toilets increased from from 19.8 per cent (NARSS-1). However, the DLI-
45.2 per cent (NARSS-1)to 80.2 per cent in NARSS-3 3 score of the state in NARSS-3 stood at 46.2 per
round. For India, the DL1-1 score increased from cent. When compared with India, the DLI-3 score
62.3 per cent (NARSS-1) to 85 per cent in the third dropped from 90.1 per cent (NARSS-1) to 54.9 per
round of National Annual Rural Sanitary Survey. cent (NARSS-3).
The percentage of rural population living in ODF
Table 13.16: DLIs Scores-Jharkhand and India (NARSS-1, 2 and 3)
DLI-1 DLI-2 DLI-3
Rural Population using Safe, Rural Population living in ODF Rural Population practicing
Functional & Hygiene Toilets (%) Verified Villages (%) SLWM (%)
NARSS-1 NARSS-2 NARSS-3 NARSS-1 NARSS-2 NARSS-3 NARSS-1 NARSS-2 NARSS-3
Jharkhand 45.2 64 80.2 92.9 68.9 80 19.8 47.9 46.2
India 62.3 82.7 85 95.3 90.4 90.1 90.1 28.3 54.9
Source – National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey (NARSS), Round 1, 2, & 3
Most of the parameters used in computation of DLIs (less than 3 years) improved from 43.2 per cent to
scores had improved in Jharkhand in all three rounds 79 per cent during the same period. Similarly, the
of NARSS. The percentage of households having percentage of the villages where visible faeces
access to toilet facilities improved from 53.5 per cent were not found in the area that were used for open
in the year 2017-18 (NARSS-1) to 93.5 per cent in defecation in the past, improved from 71.4 per cent to
the year 2019-20 ( NARSS-2). The percentage of 100 per cent during the same period. This highlights
households practicing safe disposal of child faeces the sanitation sustaining behaviour of the people.
Table 13.17: Status of Key Indicators used to Compute DLIs Scores and the Performance of SBM-G in
NARSS-1, 2 & 3
NARSS-3 NARSS-2 NARSS-1
Parameters
(2019-20) (2018-19) (2017-18)
A. Access to Toilets
Percentage of households having access to toilet
93.2 84.7 53.5
facility
Percentage of Anganwadi having access to toilet
91.7 79.1 67.3
facility
428

Parameters
(2019-20) (2018-19) (2017-18)
Percentage of schools having access to toilet
96.6 99.3 95.8
facility
B. Functionality of Toilets
Percentage of households having functional
94.9 96.4 94.5
toilets
Percentage of Anganwadi having functional
94.6 96.6 89.7
toilets
Percentage of schools having functional toilets 99.3 100 96.2
C. Sanitary condition
Percentage of households where toilets were
93.8 84.4 96
found in hygienic condition
Percentage of Anganwadi where toilets were
100 96.6 91.2
found in hygienic condition
Percentage of schools where toilets were found in
97.9 100 94.7
hygienic condition
D. Disposal mechanism of child excreta
Percentage of household toilets with safe disposal
100 98.5 95.7
mechanism
Percentage of Anganwadi toilet with safe
100 96.6 94.1
disposal mechanism
Percentage of school toilets with safe disposal
100 100 100
mechanism
E. Disposal mechanism of child excreta
Percentage of households practicing safe disposal
79 54.5 43.2
of child faeces ( less than 3 years)
F. Usage of Toilets
Percentage of individuals using toilets 92.9 92.4 92.2
Percentage of Anganwadi where toilets are being
94.6 82.8 89.7
used
Percentage of schools where toilets are being
98.6 100 92.4
used
G. Solid & liquid waste management ( SLWM)
Percentage of households where solid waste is
98.9 96.5 99.2
not visible
429

Parameters
(2019-20) (2018-19) (2017-18)
Percentage of households where liquid waste/
98.9 97.2 99.1
stagnant water is not visible
Percentage of villages with minimal level of
85.6 96.7 79.2
littering
Percentage of villages with minimal level of
86.9 96.1 81
water logging
H. Visible faecal matter in public spaces
Percentage of villages where visible faeces not
found in the areas that were used for open 100 99.3 71.4
defecation in the past.
Source – National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey (NARSS), Round 1, 2, & 3
Swachh Bharat Mission –Urban

The Government of India launched the Swachh linkage with public health.
Bharat Mission - Urban with a vision to ensure
 Capacity augmentation for Urban Local Bodies
hygiene, waste management and sanitation across the
(ULBs) to create an enabling environment for
nation. It was a tribute to Mahatma Gandhi on his
private sector participation.
150th birth anniversary in the year 2019. The Swachh
Bharat Mission –Urban (SMB-U) is implemented by The first phase of Swachh Bharat Mission- Urban
the Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs. The key lasted till October, 2019. In this phase the primary
thrust areas of the mission include the following: aim was to make urban India Open Defecation
Free (ODF) and to achieve 100 per cent scientific
 Elimination of open defecation
management of municipal solid waste. SBM-U 2.0
 Eradication of manual scavenging by
had been launched in the union budget 2021-22
converting insanitary toilets to sanitary.
which was basically the continuation of phase 1 of
 Modern and scientific Municipal Solid Waste
the Swachh Bharat Mission - Urban. Phase 2 of the
Management (MSWM)
mission had the task of tapping safe containments,
 Effecting behavioural change regarding healthy
transportation and disposal of faecal waste from
sanitation practices.
toilets. This SBM-U 2.0 will be implemented over 5
 Awareness generation about sanitation and its years from 2021-2026.
Implementation strategy of SBM-U 2.0

 A comprehensive sanitation planning state. This was a mere 3.54 per cent of what India
comprising of city level sanitation plans, state (6139160) built during the same period.
sanitation concept and state sanitation strategy.
The toilet coverage in the urban areas of Jharkhand
 Behavioural change strategy and Information, increased manifold. As of January 2023, the total
Education and Communication (IEC) number of individual household latrines constructed
 Enabling environment for private sector was 218686. It was 35 per cent more than the target
 Capacity building set during the same period.
 Special Focus Groups (SFGs) identified by the The total number of community and public toilets in
states. Jharkhand was 7551 as of March 2020; it increased
As of March, 2020, a total of 217801 individual to 9643 i.e.exactly by 28 per cent as on January 2,
household latrines had been constructed so far in the 2023
430
Table 13.18: Status of Implementation of Various Components under SBM-U up to March, 2020
Community and
Individual Household Latrines Community Toilets Public Toilets
Public Toilets
Applica- Under Under Under Under

Com- Com- Com- Com-
tion Ap- Construc- Construc- Construc- Construc-
pleted pleted pleted pleted
proved tion tion tion tion
Jharkhand 214847 85 217801 1207 4205 0 3346 1207 7551
India 5830407 455941 6139160 25007 344349 7909 238224 32916 582573
Source – Department of Urban Development and Housing, Government of Jharkhand
Table 13.19: Toilet Coverage in Urban Areas of Jharkhand as on January 05, 2023
Individual Household Latrines Community & Public Toilets
Mission Target Constructed Mission Target Constructed
161713 218686 12366 9643
About 897 of 932 wards in Jharkhand had 100 per period. The total waste generation in metric tonnes
cent door-to- door waste collection as on March, per day for state stood at 1281 and for India it was
2020. Thus, about 96 per cent of the houses had 89545 in the financial year 2019-20. The total waste
door-to- door waste collection as ofMarch 2020. processing percentage for both India and Jharkhand
In India also about 96 per cent of the households mounted to 60 per cent in the same fiscal year.
availed this facility. In India, a total of 81135 wards
Table 13.20 Progress in Waste Management under the
out of the existing84475 wards had door-to-door
Swachh Bharat Mission - Urban up to March,2020
waste collection mechanism in place during same
Total number Total number Total

Total Waste Total
of Wards with of Wards Waste
Total Generation ( Waste
100 per cent with 100 per Pro-
Wards metric tonnes/ Processing
door-to-door cent source cessed (
day or MT/D) Percentage
collection segregation MT/D)
Jharkhand 897 752 932 2135 1281 60
India 81135 63204 84475 147613 89545 60
431
There were 42 ODF, 41 ODF+ and 3 ODF ++ the state as of January 2023 under the Swachh Bharat
(Jamshedpur, Sahibganj and Medininagar) ULBs in Mission – Urban 2.0.
Figure 13.5: Statuses of ODF, ODF+ and ODF++ of ULBs of Jharkhand (Up to January, 2023)
Box Story 13.1

Jharkhand drafted a plan to supply drinking water to people of 18 towns – August 13, 2022
The government of Jharkhand drafted a plan of 2300 crore rupees to provide drinking water facilities
to around 10 lakh people living in areas under 18 urban local bodies of the state. The projects will
be funded by agencies such as the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the Atal Mission
for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation Scheme of the central government. Jharkhand Urban
Infrastructure Development Company, a wing of the state urban development department will implement
the projects. The scheme will be completed in stipulated time frame as the government’s priority is to
provide pure drinking water to every urban citizen as soon as possible. The same facilities will be
developed worth 1,800 crore rupees in 15 other urban local bodies including Barki Saraiya, Dhanwar,
Domchanch, Kapaliand Chhatarpur. The World Bank will provided 1200 crore rupees for projects in
13 towns while an amount of 600 crore rupees will be spent under the AMRUT scheme in two other
projects.
432
Box Story 13.2

Sustainability Plan of Jharkhand
Sustainability of drinking water sources is probably the most important factor determining whether a rural
drinking water supply system will function satisfactorily for an appreciable length of time. Interventions
to ensure source sustainability include software inputs (raising awareness on need for recharge, avoiding
water waste and the need to plan for balancing availability and consumption) and hardware inputs
(Building physical infrastructure which can capture rainwater and surface water runoff or help recharge
ground water like , check dams, sub-surface dykes,etc .).
The following steps are followed for the preparation of sustainability plan with a view to appropriately
locate sustainability structures in order to sustain drinking water sources.
• Prioritizing Difficult Areas – Identification of overexploited, critical and semi critical blocks
and areas with water scarcity in the whole or part of the year and quality affected areas; identi-
fication and testing of all sources there.
• Identifying the respective micro watershed/aquifer/hydrological unit – hydro geo-morphologi-
cal study of the area.
• Preparation of a plan for recharge, water impounding (optimizing evaporation losses) and roof
top harvesting with peoples’ participation.
• Preparing estimates, building capabilities and institutionalizing the system.
• Financing the plan by converging MNREGS and Watershed Development Programmes.
Conclusion
The recent progress of Jharkhand in providing safe state has been robust. The coverage percentage of
and clean drinking water is encouraging. As per the solid and liquid waste management systems in the
NFHS-5 report of2019-2021, the households with state of Jharkhand increased to 2.8 per cent and 8.7
improved drinking water source were 94.6 per cent per cent respectively as on December 17, 2022. The
in the state for urban areas and 84.1 per cent for rural Swachh Bharat Mission, both rural as well as urban,
areas. When compared with the all India statistics, entered phase two of its operation. As on December
households with improved drinking water sources in 17, 2022-23, out of a total of 29324 villages in the
the urban centres were 98.7 per cent and that of rural state, 1983 were declared ODF+ Aspiring Villages,
areas were 94.6 per cent. 202 as ODF Plus “Rising” Villages and 227 as ODF
Plus “Model” Villages. Several ODF assets were
The rural component of the Jal Jeevan Mission which
created in the state during the same period. Under the
aims to provide tap water connections to all individual
Swachh Bharat Mission Urban 2.0, there was a surge
households by the year 2024 has gained momentum
in the construction of individual household latrines,
in the state. The progress percentage of providing tap
community toilets and public toilets in the urban
water connection in households of every district of
centres of the state. The state had been awarded as the
the state was 22.42 per cent as of December, 2022.
‘Best Performing State’ for the third time in less than
The government of the state has given necessary
100 ULBs category, in the Swachh Survekshan 2021.
impetus on providing clean and safe drinking water
In the Swachh Survekshan 2022, it has been ranked
in schools of every district.As on February 13, 2013,
as the second-best performing state, just behind
74.64 per cent of schools in Jharkhand had access to
Uttarakhand. All these are acknowledgements
tap water supply.
of the honest efforts and right policies of the state
The water quality monitoring and surveillance in the government.
433
Chapter 14
Women and Child Development
and Social Security
435
Development of Women and children, who constitute lives with adequate support for their growth and
more than three-fourths of the population of development. Besides this department, various
Jharkhand, is essential for the sustainable, equitable other departments of the Government of Jharkhand
and inclusive development of its society. Realising are also working relentlessly for improving the
this need, various departments of the state have made condition of women and children. Several policies
efforts to improve their condition. As a result, their have been formulated and are being implemented
health condition and educational attainments have by them for providing education, nutrition, health,
improved and their vulnerability has also reduced hygiene, employment, social protection, institutional
over the years. In the recent past, the department has assistance and legislative support to women and
also focused on the development of the other weaker children in the state.
and marginalized sections of the society, comprising
The Department of Health, Medical Education and
of the aged, the differently- abled, the widows and
Family Welfare is working constantly for improving
the tribal groups. Substantial allocations have been
the health condition of adolescent girls, women,
earmarked in the budget for the implementation of the
especially mothers and children and the Department
programs for their welfare and development.
of School Education and Literacy Development has
The department of Women, Child Development made efforts to improve the educational status of the
and Social Security through its programmes of girls in the state. It is because of these efforts that
educational, economic and social development and the health condition and educational attainments
rehabilitation wherever necessary, aims to build an of women and children have improved and their
inclusive society wherein members of the target vulnerability has reduced over the years.
groups can lead a productive, safe and dignified
The Status of Women and Children in Jharkhand

Child Health
A comparison of data of the NFHS-IV and the wasting by 22.8 per cent and that of underweight
NFHS-V shows that between the years 2015-16 by 17.6 per cent. During this period, the neo-natal
and 2019-21 the malnutrition of children and their mortality rate (NNMR), the infant mortality rate
mortality rate have decreased. The incidence of (IMR) and the Under 5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) have
stunting has decreased by 12.6 per cent, that of reduced by about 15, 13 and 16 per cent, respectively.
Table 14.1: Incidence of Malnourishment among Children

Indicators 2015-16 2019-21
Stunted 45.3 39.6
Wasted 29 22.4
Underweight 47.8 39.4
Source: NFHS-V, Jharkhand Fact Sheet
Table 14.2: The Mortality rate among the children
Indicators 2015-16 2019-21
NNMR 33 28.2
IMR 43.8 37.9
U5MR 54.3 45.4

437
Women and Child Development and Social Security
The coverage of immunisation has improved over the adequate attention and efforts from the government,
years. The full immunization rate (9-11 months) has it is believed that immunization in the state will
increased from 78 per cent in 2018-19 to 91 per cent increase rapidly and the coming years will see
in 2022-23 (up to September).The immunization rate improved results in terms of higher immunization
(at 5 years) has increased from 38 per cent in 2018- rates in the segment of 5 years of age group.
19 to 50 per cent in 2022-23 (up to September). With
Table: 14.3: Immunisation of children (in per cent)

Year Full Immunization (9-11 Months) Immunization at 5 Years
2018-19 78 38
2019-20 94 46
2020-21 90 46
2021-22 85 42
2022-23 (Upto Sept 22) 94 50
Women
The condition of women has improved between the percentage of female who ever attended school or
years 2015-16 and 2019-21. Most of the indicators those who have 10 years of schooling has increased,
of women development have shown improvement the teenage marriage among women and the teenage
during this period. The sex ratio has improved pregnancy has reduced. The total fertility rate has
from 1002 to 1050 per thousand male population, also decreased during this period.
though the sex ratio at birth has decreased. While the
Table: 14.4: Educational and Health Status of Women

Indicators 2019-21 2015-16
Female population of age 6 years and above who ever attended school
64.5 61.1
(%)
Sex ratio of the total population (females per 1,000 males) 1050 1002
Sex ratio at birth for children born in the last five years (females per
899 919
1,000 males)
Women with 10 or more years of schooling (%) 33.2 28.7
Women in the age group of 20-24 years married before the age of 18
32.2 37.9
years (%)
Total fertility rate (children per woman) 2.3 2.6
Women in the age group of 15-19 years who were already mothers or
9.8 12.0
pregnant at the time of the survey (%)
All women in the age group of 15-49 years who are anemic 65.3 65.2
In terms of some indicators of health, the status of Jharkhand are less than the all-India average. Similarly
Jharkhand is better than the all-India average. The in comparison to the national level, a larger percentage
maternal mortality and under 5 mortality rates in of children of 9 to 11 months are fully immunized.
438
Table 14.5: Performance of Jharkhand and India on some of the indicators of SDG 3
Indicators Jharkhand India Tar-

get
Maternal mortality ratio per 1,00,000 live births 71 113 70
Mortality rate per 1,000 live births under 5 years of age 34 36 25

Fully immunized children in the age group of 9 to 11 months (%) 94 91 100
Source: NITI Aayog (2021), SDG India Index & Dashboard 2020-21. Partnerships in the Decade of Action
Government Initiatives for Development and Protection of Women and Children

Despite improvement in most of the indicators of vulnerability. Many initiatives have been taken,both
development of women and children, there is scope by the central and the state governments,in ensuring
for their further development for ensuring protection a safe and dignified life to them.
of their rights and privileges and in reducing their
Central Schemes for Women and Child Development

The Central Schemes include ‘One Stop Centre’, been resolved. About 60 per cent of the complains
‘Women’s Helpline Scheme’, Beti Bachao Beti have been received from 7 districts namely,
Padhao, and Grant from the15th FC for the Anganwadi Ranchi, Hazaribag, Dhanbad, Bokaro, Giridih, East
Workers. These are funded by the central government Singhbhum and Deoghar. On the other hand very few
and implemented by the state government. A budgetary calls have been received from Lohardaga, Latehar,
allocation of 72.69 crore rupees have been made for Khunti and Gumla.
the central Schemes for the Financial Year 2022-23.
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme: This scheme
The Women Helpline Scheme is intended to provide intends to bring an improvement in the Sex Ratio at
toll-free 24-hour immediate and emergency response Birth (SRB) andthe Child Sex Ratio (CSR) on one
through a single uniform number to women affected by hand and also improve their educational attainment
violence. It provides information about the appropriate on the other.
support services and the government schemes and
This programme is being implemented through
programmes to the woman affected by violence.
effective implementation and monitoring of
Further, the scheme facilitates intervention through
the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic
referral to the appropriate agencies such as the police/
Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, 1994 along with
Hospitals/Ambulance services/District Legal Service
maternal care, improvement in health and nutrition
Authority (DLSA)/Protection Officer (PO)/OSC.
of girls, gender parity in education, better sanitation
For the purpose of implementation of this scheme,
and enhanced opportunities forgirls. The scheme is
the department of Women, Child Development and
primarily focused on creating behavioural and social
Social Security has established convergence with the
change in the way the girl child is perceived in the
concerned government departments.
state by informing, influencing, motivating, engaging
Between the years 2020-21 and 2021-22, about 34 and empowering all stakeholders.
lakh rupees have been provided by the Ministry of
In order to sensitize the society on issues related with
Women and Child development, Government of
girl child, the National Girl Child Day is celebrated
India, to Jharkhand for this purpose out of which 84
on January 24, every year.
per cent of the fund has been utilized.
The Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Scheme is being
In the financial year 2022-23 (Up to September) 964
implemented in 12 Districts of Jharkhand. A total of
complains have been received in the state on women’s
2401 Guddi - Gudda boards have been established
helpline out of which 85.6 per cent complains have
and displayed in the panchayat bhawans through this
439
scheme. Further, monitoring of Sex Ratio at Birth of violence or those in distress. In the financial year
(SRB) is going on through the Guddi- Gudda Report. 2021-22, (Up to September 2022) 5.38 crore rupees
After the implementation of this programme, some were allocated for this purpose out of which about
improvement in sex ratio at birth has been reported in 64 per cent of the fund has been utilized. It is being
these panchayats. implemented in all the 24 districts of the state where
984 women have been provided assistance under this
One Stop Centres (OSCs) provide a range of integrated
programme. About 58 per cent of the women who
services under one roof including police facilitation,
received assistance from this programme were from
medical aid, legal aid and counselling, psycho-social
Ranchi, Ramgarh, East Singhbum and Lohardaga.
counselling and temporary shelter to women victims
State Sponsored Schemes for Development of Women, Children and Under-Privileged Sections
of the Society
The Government of Jharkhand funds and implements renovation works. Further, some aim at establishing
25 schemes/programs for the welfare of children, and consolidating institutions and institutional
women and the handicapped. Some of these mechanisms within the state.
schemes are directed towards construction and
STATE SPONSORED SCHEMES FOR CHILD WELFARE

State Nutrition Mission
The State Nutrition Mission plans to tackle the field of nutrition. The mission undertakes advocacy
problem of malnutrition in the state and further, and awareness activities including social awareness
to implement the existing plans effectively in co- and the IEC. It also runs innovative pilot schemes apart
ordination with all the departments working in the from community oriented nutritional programmes.
Box 14.1 SAAMAR

In March 2021, the Jharkhand government announced the launch of SAAMAR (Strategic Action
for Alleviation of Malnutrition and Anaemia Reduction) campaign to tackle malnutrition in the state
among children between the age of 0-9 years, adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating mothers and
women in general. Under this campaign households have been surveyed using a dedicated SAAMAR
mobile application conducted by a Poshan Dal to identify children and women for malnourishment
and anaemia. Those identified are provided adequate support and treatment. Annual surveys will be
conducted under this campaign in order to track the progress. In order to achieve desired results, the
campaign seeks to converge departments like Rural Development Department, Food and Civil Supplies
and engagement with the school management committees and Gram Sabhas. It also focuses on the
Primitively Vulnerable Tribal Groups for their nutritional needs. The campaign further encourages the
research and proposes fellowships on the nutritional behaviour of these groups in order to effectively
implement the schemes. The first phase of the campaign has been initiated in five districts viz, West
Singhbhum, Chatra, Latehar, Simdega and Sahibgunj. The desired outcome of the campaign is to make
the state malnutrition and anaemia free.
Strengthening of Anganwadi Centres (AWW)

Under this scheme, the AWCs are being provided Other provisions under this scheme include the
with necessary infrastructure such as electronics, establishment of DSWO & CDPO's Offices, the
weighing machines, growth charts, measuring tapes, payment of honorarium to Anganwadi Workers
drinking water facilities, water purifiers, beds, and Anganwadi Helpers and the renovation and
fire extinguishers, carpets, etc. to make them well maintenance of AWWs.
equipped to carry out their functions.
440
Juvenile Justice Fund

The Juvenile Justice Act, 2017 provides for the fall under the act and its rules. The state government
creation of a fund called the Juvenile Justice Fund has to make adequate budgetary allocation for the
for the welfare and rehabilitation of children who Juvenile Justice Fund.
STATE SPONSORED SCHEMES FOR WOMEN’S WELFARE

Mukhyamantri Kanyadan Yojana
This is a state funded scheme to help the needy families the promotion of dowry-free community marriages.
meet the wedding expenses of their daughters. Under In the F.Y. 2021-22, about 10 thousand girls were
this scheme, women with an annual family-income benefitted by this programme. Ranchi had the highest
of less than ₹72,000 receive a financial assistance of number of beneficiaries (1000) under this scheme,
₹30,000 through DBT when they get married. This followed by Garhwa which had 790 beneficiaries. In
cash incentive also indirectly keeps early marriage the F.Y. 2022-23, 2365 lakhs rupees were allocated
of girls in check. Besides, the funds allocated under for this scheme, out of which 1845 lakh rupees were
this scheme are also used to provide incentives for spent up to December 6, 2022.
Samajik Kuriti Niwaran Yojana (Scheme for Eradication of bad Practices and encouragement
to good practices)
Jharkhand continues to rank high in terms of deaths Dowry is another evil practice which this scheme
due to witch hunting. The monthly crime records on aims to eradicate. Hence, The Department of
the Jharkhand police website show that in 2022 (Up Women, Child Development and Social Security
to November, 2022), 26 cases of death were reported grants incentives for the promotion of dowry free
due to this practice. The Samajik Kuriti Niwaran community marriages. Grants are also made for
Yojana aims to eradicate the evil practice from the mass funerals under this scheme. In the F.Y. 2022-
state. For this, it runs several awareness generation 23, 185 lakhs rupees were allocated for this scheme,
programs, workshops and seminars across the state. out of which 46. 27 lakhs rupees were spent up to
Education is also prioritized to bring an end to December 06, 2022.
superstitious practices like witch hunting.
World Bank Assisted Tejaswini (EAP)

It is the World Bank’s first project in India solely being implemented in 17 districts (including 2 pilot
focused on the welfare of adolescent girls and districts for intensive interventions viz Dumka and
young women (AGWY) in the age group of 14- Ramgarh) of Jharkhand. It is being implemented
24 years in order to enable them to complete their through the Jharkhand Women Development
secondary education and acquire the market driven Society (JWDS), an autonomous body under the
skills training for the job market. The project is department. The duration of the project is five years.
(SABLA Districts: Not covered under Tejaswini)

The Tejaswini Project is intervening at two basic skills training and assistance, information on and
levels; firstly at the community level where access to broader services and opportunities; and,
community based platforms are being provided to secondly at the institution level, under which
AGYW to come together for regular activities and vocational training and NFE (non formal education)
support, life skills education to support success in are being provided to a subset of AGYW through
several life domains, localized business, livelihood partner institutions.
441
Map 14.1: Coverage of Tejaswani
Source: Department of Women, Child Development and Social Security, Government of Jharkhand
Table 14.6: Progress of Vocational & Business Skills under the Tejaswini Project
i. District Level Market Assessment Study to identify high potential wages and self-
employment opportunities for Adolescent Girls and Young women in 24 district of Jharkhand
concluded with a dissemination workshop.
Financial Year 2019-2020
ii. Hiring of Vocational Skills Training Service Provider (VTSP) in two intensive intervention
districts viz. Dumka and Ramgarh.
04 contract has been awarded to 03 agencies.
i. Hiring of Vocational Skills Training Service Provider (VTSP) in remaining 15 Districts. 12
contracts has been awarded to 05 agencies.
ii. Hiring of Business Skills Training Service Provider (BTSP) for 17 Project Districts. 07
contracts has been awarded to 05 agencies.
iii. Hiring of Business Skills Training Service Provider (BTSP) for Agriculture and Allied
Financial Year 2020-2021
sector in Group I and Group II Districts. 02 contracts has been awarded to 02 agencies.
iv. Development of Hindi descriptions of Job-roles that have been adopted by the project for
delivering skills services.
v. Group Information Session of project personnel at district, block, cluster and club about the
various dimensions of Skills Training programs.
i. Preparation of Skills Implementation Guideline for Skills Training
Financial Year 2021-2022 ii. Preparation of Branding Guideline for Skills Training Program
iii. Psychometric Assessment of AGYW for selection in Skills training.
442
i. Under Business Skills Training, 2753 AGYWs has been enrolled in 93 batches of 37 training
centres. Out of which 24 batches has been completed with 718 AGYWs.
Financial Year 2022-2023 ii. Under Vocational Skills Training, 830 AGYWs has been enrolled in 28 batches of 08
(till August, 2022) training centres. Out of which 3 batches has been completed with 84 AGYWs.
iii. 802 AGYWs completed skills training among 802 AGYWs. Assessment and certification
of 577 AGYWs has been completed.
In the 17 districts identified for the project , there are those under 17 years), the project focuses on access
about 2.1 million AGYW in the age group of 14–24 to education (for out-of-school AGYW) and life
years of which 13 percent belong to the SCs and 25 skills and support that enhance future employability
percent belong to the STs. The project expects to and empowerment. For the older AGYW, the project
benefit about 680,000 AGYW as the members of focuses more on the access to vocational and business
community-based clubs. Of these, different numbers skills training and support services along with life
are expected to benefit from foundational (‘soft’) skills education.
skills training, market driven (‘hard’) skills training,
Three components of this project have been
and educational interventions for out-of-school
specifically identified. These are:
AGYW, taking into consideration both demand and
supply side factors. For younger AGYW (mainly
443
Table 14.7: Brief Description of Activities Under Sub- Components
Sub- Component Brief Description of Activities
Component 1: Expanding social, educational and economic opportunities
Sub-component 1.1: Community a) Formation and capacity building of community level young women’s
level socio-economic groups; b) Life skills education delivered by trained youth facilitators and
empowerment of AGYW peer leaders through clubs;
c) Community-level business skills training and support services;
d) Community mobilization and communications
Sub-component 1.2: Institution- a) Financing non-formal education and vocational skills training;
level interventions for education b) Cash transfers to the beneficiaries.
and vocational skills training
Component 2: Intensive service delivery
Sub-component 2.1: Enhanced last a) Additional youth facilitators for enhanced outreach and service delivery;
mile service delivery b) A local full-time designated safe space (“cluster center”) leased and
operated by the NGO provider.
Sub-component 2.2: Enhanced a) Service contracts to pilot mobile training and resource units and other
outreach to hard-to-reach need-based innovative; implementation arrangements;
populations b) Facilitating local revolving funds through cash grants for clubs of AGYW.
Component 3: State capacity building and implementation support
Sub-component 3.1: Strengthening a) Setting up of the State level institute/ resource centre for empowerment of
systems and convergence AGYW;
b) Setting up and operation of district and block implementation support units
in all 17 districts;
c) Facilitate inter-departmental coordination and convergence by supporting
formulation of a state strategy and plan of action;
d) Strengthening monitoring and evaluation system and an automated
program MIS;
e) Conducting systematic impact and process evaluation of key project
interventions.
Sub-component 3.2: Project a) Development of relevant manuals and guidelines;

Implementation Support b) Capacity building strategy, training of service providers and stakeholders
c) Project implementation including day-to-day operational support
Table 14.8:Progress Status of Education Cell from 2021 to 2022 under the Tejaswini Project
Sl Number of Participants
Program Name Year
No. trained
Training of Master Trainers on Bridge

1 2021 115
Education Course
Training of Bridge Educators on Bridge
2 2022 1304
Education Course
Training of AGYW on Bridge Education
3 2022 8571
Course
Source: Department of Women, Child Development and Social Security, Government of Jharkhand.
444
Mukhyamantri Sukanya Yojana
The Mukyamantri Sukanya Yojana has been designed  Giving of 10000 rupees directly into the bank
to provide financial assistance to girl children account of the girl child of 18-20 years of age
belonging to families whose annual income is less after attaining the age of 18 years and getting
than Rs 72000. The scheme is to provide benefit to enrolled into the voter list.
girl children from birth till the age of 20 years. The
In the F.Y. 2021-22, about 2.42 lakh girls received
benefit is given from time to time on the following
benefits from this programme. Ranchi with had
basis:
the highest number of beneficiaries with a figure of
 Giving of 500 rupees directly into the account 21,805 followed by East Singhbhum with 19,076
of the mother at the time of birth of the girl- beneficiaries. In the F.Y. 2022-23, 113.34 crore
child. rupees were allocated for this scheme, out of which
23.81 crore rupees were spent up to December 06,
 Giving of 500 rupees directly into the bank
2022.
account of the girl child on getting admission
in class-I and passing classes V, VII, X and XII
WELFARE SCHEMES FOR THE DIFFERENTLY ABLED SECTIONS OF THE

POPULATION
The state-department for Women, Child and Social  Scholarship to the handicapped students: -
Security envisions building an inclusive society in Differently-abled student (from class I to the
which equal opportunities are provided for the growth post-graduate level) studying in institutions,
and development of persons with disabilities so that school and colleges run by the state government
they can lead productive, safe and dignified lives. or the NGOs will be provided scholarship.
The department has introduced and is implementing
 District-Disability-Rehabilitation-Centre
a multitude of schemes and programmes which
(DDRC): The government intends to establish
include:
a District Disability Rehabilitation Centre to
 Special equipment for the differently-abled, provide comprehensive services to persons
with disabilities at the grass root level and
 Organizing workshops for the differently-
for facilitating creation of infrastructure
abled,
and capacity building at the district level for
 Conducting economic and social surveys of the awareness-generation, rehabilitation and
differently-abled, training of rehabilitation- professionals.
 A State Fund for the Differently-abled- A In the F.Y. 2022-23, 476.83 lakhs rupees were
Centralized fund to be used, as and when allocated for this scheme, out of which 148.69 lakhs
required for the welfare of differently abled rupees were spent up to December 06, 2022.
persons.
CONSTRUCTION & RENOVATION SCHEMES

Establishment of class 3 and 4 under ICDS
In the F.Y. 2022-23, 2734.46 lakhs rupees were lakhs rupees were spent up to December 06, 2022.
allocated for this scheme, out of which 1664.66
Construction of schools/ Rehabilitation centre’s/ Hostels/ Homes

Under this scheme, the state government is going to providing shelter to the elderly persons, widows,
construct new special schools, rehabilitation centres, destitute, trafficked persons and other women
working women’s hostel, old-age homes, after-care needing such shelters. In the F.Y. 2022-23, 500.00
homes, observation homes and children’s home for lakhs rupees were sanctioned for this scheme.
445
Renovation & supply of material to schools/ rehabilitation centres / Hostels/ Homes
This scheme of the state is for providing the necessary conferencing facilities to all the JJB Courts and
infrastructure and other supplies required for the Remand Homes.
smooth operation and maintenance of the shelter and In the F.Y. 2022-23, 49.20 lakhs rupees were allocated
educational institutions. It includes providing video for this scheme.
INSTITUTIONAL SCHEMES
Under the department of Women and Child Protection Commission and the Social Welfare Board
Development and Social Security, there are some and the Office of the State Disability-Commissioner.
institutions which have been created under the
various mandates and policies of the central and the In the F.Y. 2022-23, an amount of 190.00 lakhs rupees
state governments. Such institutions include the State was sanctioned for the establishment of different
Women’s Commission, Jharkhand State Child Rights’ state commissions, boards etc.
Swami Vivekananda Nisshakta Svavalamban Protsahan Yojana

The Swami Vivekanand Nisshakta Svavlamban a certificate of disability from the District Medical
Protsahan Yojana (SVNSPY) is intended to Board. Surveys are conducted by the Anganwadi
encourage people with disabilities to feel socially in the villages and special drives are undertaken to
secure and live their lives with dignity. Under the ensure that no physically challenged person is left out.
scheme a monthly stipend of 600 rupees is provided During the financial year 2022-23, Ramgarh (2547)
to the people who fulfill the eligibility criteria such has registered the largest increase in the number of
as being residents of the state and belonging to the beneficiaries followed by Bokaro (2530) and Giridih
BPL category, above the age of 5 years and who have (2478).
Mukhyamantri State Social Security Old Age Pension Scheme

This scheme is also known as the Mukhyamantri getting pension at the revised rate of 1000 rupees per
Rajya Vridhavastha Pension Yojana. Under this month per person from the FY-2019-20 which is to be
scheme widows, differently-abled persons, released borne by the state government.
bonded labourers (above the age of 18 years) and During the financial year 2022-23, a total number of
helpless persons of 60 years and above, belonging 1261235 persons have benefitted from the scheme.
to the BPL families as well as the non-BPL families The district of Giridih (35049) has registered the
whose annual income is less than 10500 rupees in the largest increase in the number of beneficiaries
rural areas and 12500 rupees in the urban areas are followed by Bokaro (24076) and Ranchi (20908).
Mukhyamantri State Pension Scheme for Primitive Tribal Group/Mukhya Mantri Rajya Aadim
Jan Jati Pension Yojana
It has been observed that not all the tribal communities of these eight identified primitive tribal families
of Jharkhand are at the same level of development namely Asur, Birjia, Birhor, , Korwa, Mal Paharia,
and in order to foster the same, certain groups were Sauria Paharia and Savar…..?? (there is one more
identified as the poorest of the poor among the STs tribe. Please check), receives a monthly pension of
and were called the Primitive Vulnerable Tribal 1000 rupees under this scheme. There are 67,843
Groups or PVTGs. Some predominant features of (as on 30.09.2022) persons belonging to the PVTGs
such a group include a pre-agricultural system of covered under this scheme.
existence such as hunting and gathering, zero or During the financial year 2022-23, a total number of
negative population-growth, extremely low-level of 67843 (Up to 30.09.2022) persons have benefitted
literacy in comparison with the other tribal groups. from the scheme. The district of Pakur (865) has
Among the 32 tribes of Jharkhand, eight tribes have registered the largest increase in the number of
been classified as PVTGs. One person from each beneficiaries followed by Garhwa (735).
446
Mukhyamantri Rajya MahilaNirasrit Samman Pension Yojna/Rajya Vidhwa Samman Pension
Yojana
In order to provide financial support to the widows any other state or central government widow pension
of the state who are above 18 years of age, the scheme. During the financial year 2022-23(as on
department gives pension at the rate of 1000 rupees 30.09.2022), 348679 persons have received benefits
per month to those women who are not covered under under this scheme.
Table 14.9: District Wise Physical &Financial Allocation and Utilization of Rajya Vidhwa Samman
Pension Yojana
Percentage No. of No. of

Sl. Increase in No
District Allotment of Beneficiaries Beneficiaries
No. of Beneficiaries
Expenditure on 01.04.2022 on 30.09.2022
1 Bokaro 2669.52 44.85 17465 22843 5378
2 Chatra 1151.55 47.11 7542 9203 1661
3 Deoghar 2268.10 43.64 14838 18189 3351
4 Dhanbad 1858.24 46.75 12159 17513 5354
5 Dumka 1289.50 74.30 12688 19368 6680
East
6 2137.45 76.90 19453 28378 8925
Singhbhum
7 Garhwa 1149.78 44.86 7690 9184 1494
8 Giridih 2917.57 45.53 19089 23630 4541
9 Godda 952.15 57.04 6571 11303 4732
10 Gumla 1197.05 62.64 11103 13172 2069
11 Hazaribagh 1867.64 45.24 12225 15166 2941
12 Jamtara 758.00 69.33 7268 9136 1868
13 Khunti 466.68 59.73 4322 5006 684
14 Kodarma 742.10 46.16 4855 6350 1495
15 Latehar 499.83 59.94 4237 5274 1037
16 Lohardaga 750.72 65.36 6974 8081 1107
17 Pakur 679.95 80.98 6701 11346 4645
18 Palamu 1661.18 43.71 10515 12985 2470
19 Ramgarh 941.61 54.62 6159 10881 4722
20 Ranchi 2857.11 63.11 26569 33030 6461
21 Sahibgunj 900.45 67.45 8795 11405 2610
22 Saraikela 1219.60 76.52 11823 16549 4726
23 Simdega 585.15 68.35 5287 7715 2428
West
24 1238.70 87.75 12142 22972 10830
Singhbhum
Total 32759.63 57.21 256470 348679 92209
447
Mukhyamantri Rajya Pension scheme for HIV/AIDS Affected persons
This scheme is also known as Immune- Deficiency month to the beneficiaries. During the financial year
Pension Scheme (IDPS). In order to provide financial 2022-23, there were a total of 4951 (as on 30.09.2022)
support to the HIV/AIDS affected persons in the persons who have benefitted under this scheme. The
state cutting across different categories of people, the district of Hazaribagh (766) has the highest number
department provides a pension of 1000 rupees per of beneficiaries followed by Giridih (716).
Blanket and Cloth Distribution Scheme

Under this scheme blankets/clothes are distributed financial year 2018-19) this scheme was implemented
among the poor (those who are below the poverty by the Labour Department. From the FY- 2019-20,
line), beggars, differently-abled persons and other the scheme is being implemented by the Women and
helpless people who are in need. Earlier (Till the Child Development Department.
Operation of Halfway Homes

The Department of Women, Child Development and give mental health patients a new lease of normal
Social Security, Government of Jharkhand life, but also ease the pressure on various state and
centre-run psychiatry institutes which have become a
has come up with halfway homes in three of the most
dumping yard of mental patients who are staying on
populated cities of the state – Ranchi, Jamshedpur
even after being treated as their families have refused
and Dhanbad, in a bid to help mental health patients
to accept them. During the financial year 2022-23,
adjust with mainstream society after they undergo
110.00 lakhs rupees have been sanctioned for the
treatment at psychiatry institutes and are fit to leave
establishment and operation of these halfway homes.
the hospital premises. These halfway homes not only
Scheme for Supply of Uniform to AWC Going Children

Under this scheme, the Department of Women, Child the financial year 2022-23, 4532 lakhs rupees were
Development and Social Security provides uniforms allocated for the implementation of this scheme.
to children going to the Anganwadi schools. During
Revolving fund for centrally Sponsored Social Security Pension Scheme

In the F.Y. 2022-23, 10000.00 lakhs rupees were lakhs rupees were spent up to December 06, 2022.
allocated for this scheme, out of which Rs. 10000.00
Scheme for Salary of the ICDS Staff

In the F.Y. 2022-23, 4680.00 lakhs rupees were Several ongoing schemes of women and child
allocated for this scheme, out of which 4047.44 development are co-sponsored by the central and the
lakhs rupees were spent up to December 06, 2022. state governments.
Establishment of Anganwadi Services

Under this programme, the establishment of lakhs rupees were allocated for the establishment of
DSWO & CDPO's offices are made. Honorarium to Anganwadi Services Scheme, out of which 26312.88
anganwadi workers and anganwadi helpers also falls lakhs rupees were spent up to December 06, 2022.
under this scheme. In the F.Y. 2022-23, 26312.88
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)

It is a unique programme for early childhood monitoring of children, supply of micronutrient
development through a multi- sectoral approach supplementation to women, children and adolescents,
to child development, incorporating health, early and promotes healthy child feeding practices.
education and nutrition interventions. In order to Moreover, home based management of diarrhoea,
prevent malnutrition, the programme offers growth complete immunization programmes, free referrals
448
for health check-ups of pregnant women and new- Castes/Scheduled Tribes (SCs/ STs) and the minority
borns, Counselling of children and families to develop population of the state.
healthy food habits, convergence of school health
Its goal has also been to make effective and transparent
programmes and Kishori Swasthya Saptahandthe
delivery of child development programmes through
supply of medicine kits in all the AWCs are some
proper planning, management, monitoring and
of the provisions under this scheme. The scheme
evaluation of the schemes. The Government has
also focuses on empowering women, children and
integrated nutritional programmes with health
adolescent girls through various literacy, educational
services, hygiene, sanitation and safe drinking water
and life-skill development programmes. The ICDS
programmes. In addition, the Government has also
programme was launched in Jharkhand in the year
been attempting to create awareness among family
1975 in the Noamundi block of the current West
members regarding childcare viz. behavioural
Singhbhum district.
changes, safe-delivery practices, antenatal care
The programme is implemented through a large (ANC) use and nutrition through counselling and
network of AWCs which operate at the village guidance. Mothers have also been encouraged to
level. The Government of Jharkhand has the aim practice breastfeeding for the proper growth and
of achieving a comprehensive nutrition programme development of their children. Adolescent girls
by targeting the most vulnerable children below have been provided with multi- nutrients and small
six years of age and pregnant women and lactating children below 5 years with vaccination.
mothers, particularly belonging to the Scheduled
Table 14.10: District-Wise Achievement of Anganwadi Centres (in Lakhs)

Sl. No of No of No of Mini Total AWCs +
District
No. Projects AWCs AWCs Mini AWCs
1 Bokaro 11 2135 121 2256
2 Chatra 6 965 159 1124
3 Deoghar 10 1525 42 1567
4 Dhanbad 8 2103 128 2231
5 Dumka 10 1936 124 2060
7 Garhwa 9 1330 0 1330
8 Giridih 14 2347 84 2431
9 Godda 9 1737 54 1791
10 Gumla 11 1454 216 1670
11 Hazaribagh 13 1695 75 1770
12 Jamtara 6 1008 181 1189
13 Khunti 6 765 75 840
14 Kodarma 5 719 32 751
15 Latehar 7 913 49 962
16 Lohardaga 5 679 70 749
17 Pakur 6 1101 66 1167
18 Palamu 14 2288 307 2595
19 Ramgarh 6 1002 40 1042
449
Sl. No of No of No of Mini Total AWCs +
District
No. Projects AWCs AWCs Mini AWCs
20 Ranchi 16 2589 243 2832
21 Sahibgunj 9 1603 85 1688
22 Saraikela 9 1349 21 1370
23 Simdega 7 927 38 965
24 West Singhbhum 16 2023 307 2330
Total 224 35881 2551 38432
In Jharkhand, there are a total of 38432 AWCs and (2595). On the other hand, Lohardaga has the lowest
mini AWCs. Ranchi has the highest number of AWCs number of AWCs (749) followed by Koderma (751).
and mini AWCs (2832) followed by Palamu district

This Scheme was erstwhile known as the  Health check-up and Referral services
Empowerment of Adolescent girls (RGSEAG) –
 Nutrition and Health Education (NHE)
SABLA]. It aims at the all-round development of
adolescent girls in the age-group of 11-14 years who The Non-nutrition component aims at:
are not enrolled in schools or who have dropped out
 Mainstreaming the out-of-school girls to join
of school. It is implemented through the Anganwadi
formal schooling, bridge course/skill-training
Centres (AWCs).
 Life Skill Education, home management, etc.
The programme has two components- Nutrition and
Non-nutrition. A package of services is provided to  Counselling/Guidance on accessing public
the adolescent girls under each of these. services. The Needs of the AGs viz. physical,
physiological and health needs have been
The Nutrition component of the programme includes
taken into consideration while designing the
the following:
services.
 Nutrition provision
The Scheme for Adolescent Girls (SAG) implemented
 Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation in all the 24 districts has 1,64, 380 beneficiaries in the
state.
Supplementary Nutrition Programme

The Supplementary Nutrition Programme (SNP) is is distributed for 300 days a year. The department
designed to tackle malnutrition. The SNP services provides eggs/fruits to the children attending these
are provided to the target groups of pregnant and centres within the present cost-norm. The funding for
lactating women and children between 7 months to 6 the programme is shared by the centre and the state in
years at the Anganwadi centres. This scheme is being the ratio 50:50.
implemented through a state-wide network of 38,432
Additionally,other services are also provided along
Anganwadi Centres (AWCs). Supplementary food
with supplementary nutrition. These are:
• Immunization and Medicine Kits

Under this component of the SNP scheme, medicine department of Women and Child Development to
kits are provided at all the Anganwadi Centres for the ensure complete immunization coverage for children
children, adolescent girls and women. The National less than one year of age.
Rural Health Mission has collaborated with the
Immunization sessions are organized at the AWCs
450
at least once every month. The AWC and Sahiyas PoshanMah (an initiative from the Department of
mobilize the community towards health and Health and Family Welfare, GoJ to boost the regular
nutritional services and prepare a list tracking each health service delivery mechanism).
child for immunization. Apart from antigens, children
The immunization-cards and progress reports are
of the community are regularly supplemented with 9
periodically reviewed at the cluster, block, district and
doses of Vitamin A. The first dose is for immunization
state levels and effort are made to ensure complete
against measles is in the age group of 9 months to
immunization reaching out to the last child in the
1 year. The remaining eight doses are administered
state.
biannually in Jharkhand Matri Sishu Swasth and
• Pre-School Education (PSE)

Early childhood care and education or pre-school The Anganwadi centres have now been converted to
programme enables children to get ready for schools Nursery Learning Centres and Early Childhood Care
as they encourage their better attendance in schools, and Education (ECCE) kits have been designed which
lower repetition and drop-out rates and promote consist of picture charts, counting frames, masks and
stronger academic skills. such other easy and fun learning education materials.
• Referral Services
Referral services cater to the basic medical needs of ICDS workers in perforated sections. This is retained
pregnant and lactating woman and child. The referral by the worker and two counter foils are issued for the
services have got a distinct dimension with the use of the MTC and one for the use of the beneficiary.
introduction of the Malnutrition Treatment Centres
An analysis of the usefulness of these services is
(MTCs) in the state. The referral mechanism has
evident from the increasing graph in the number of
been activated with the establishment of Malnutrition
children and women referred to the Primary health
Treatment Centres (MTCs) where Severe and Acute
centres, Community health centres and sub centres
Malnourished Children (SAM) of the 0-5 year age
per month. Maximum referrals for both children and
group are referred to the MTCs for treatment and
women are to the sub-centres as compared to the
rehabilitation. With the support of the UNICEF,
primary and community health centres.
referral slips are supplied to the AWC/AWW for the
Table 14.11: District Wise number of SNP Beneficiaries in the FY 2022-23 (Up to 30.09.2022)
Severly
Children (6 Malnourished
Sl. Children (3-6 Pregnant Lactating
District months to Children (6
No. years) Women Mother
3 years) months to 6
years)
1 Bokaro 78922 55246 204 16163 16132
2 Chatra 62855 47651 585 14450 15659
3 Deoghar 79837 50915 115 17197 19527
4 Dhanbad 84535 63665 50 16607 17827
5 Dumka 74854 80312 60 14454 14586
6 East Singhbhum 70679 49211 255 15216 14580
7 Garhwa 85008 48842 4 18925 19056
8 Giridih 141976 79000 287 26336 28014
9 Godda 91800 69512 395 19067 21759
10 Gumla 57264 46796 424 10008 11937
451
Severly
Children (6 Malnourished
Sl. Children (3-6 Pregnant Lactating
District months to Children (6
No. years) Women Mother
3 years) months to 6
years)
11 Hazaribagh 91142 48208 178 19726 19760
12 Jamtara 42732 32702 24 8373 8863
13 Khunti 29186 19880 88 4663 5798
14 Kodarma 38249 26005 118 7207 8496
15 Latehar 51699 33473 203 9937 10827
16 Lohardaga 31275 22875 97 5547 6543
17 Pakur 73982 48899 87 17855 14716
18 Palamu 118972 92411 866 26303 26064
19 Ramgarh 36963 22294 76 7214 7697
20 Ranchi 108044 75349 42 19490 22312
21 Sahibgunj 97697 79077 178 23469 24515
22 Saraikela 50170 42668 244 10079 9785
23 Simdega 29407 20362 199 5044 6102
24 West Singhbhum 86117 61372 3781 15774 16674
Total 1713365 1216725 8560 349104 367229
Uniform to the AWWs

The AWWs play a very important and effective role them with uniforms (sarees and petticoat). The
in the implementation of the ICDS schemes at the scheme is funded jointly by the centre and the state
grass-root levels. To encourage and bring efficiency in the ratio 60:40.
in their working system, the department provides
Table 14.12: District wise Number of Uniform to the AWWs and AWHs for the FY 2019-20 and 2020-21
Sl No District Uniform to the AWWs Uniform to the AWHs
1 Bokaro 4512 4270
2 Chatra 2248 1930
3 Deoghar 3134 3050
4 Dhanbad 4462 4206
5 Dumka 4120 3872
6 East Singhbhum 3444 3376
7 Garhwa 2660 2660
8 Giridih 4862 4694
9 Godda 3582 3474
10 Gumla 3340 2908
11 Hazaribagh 3540 3390
12 Jamtara 2378 2016
452
Sl No District Uniform to the AWWs Uniform to the AWHs

13 Khunti 1680 1530
14 Kodarma 1502 1438
15 Latehar 1924 1826
16 Lohardaga 1498 1358
17 Pakur 2334 2202
18 Palamu 5190 4576
19 Ramgarh 2084 2004
20 Ranchi 5664 5178
21 Sahibgunj 3376 3206
22 Saraikela 2740 2698
23 Simdega 1930 1854
24 West Singhbhum 4660 4046
Total 76864 71762
Training Programme (STRAP)

The GOI is providing fund for training of the AWWs lakhs rupees have been sanctioned for training under
and AWHs under STRAP (State Training Action STRAP.
Plan). In the Financial Year 2022-23, a total of 537.00
Integrated Child Protection Services

This centrally sponsored scheme is aimed at individuals. ICPS brings together multiple existing
providing a protective environment for all children child protection schemes under one comprehensive
in order to enable them to develop into responsible umbrella.
The programmes implemented are as under:

Box: 14.2: Components of ICPS programme
COMPONENTS OBJECTIVES
State Child In order to ensure effective service delivery, the ICPS is being implemented in mis-
Protection Society sion mode and has set up state and district Child Protection Societies as the funda-
(SCPS) mental units at state and the district levels for the implementation of the scheme.
Adoption is a process through which a child is permanently separated from the bio-
State Adoption
logical parents either because they are deceased or have abandoned or surrendered
Resource Agency
the child. The state will coordinate and develop the work of adoption.
District Child ICPS envisages setting up a District Child Protection Society in each district as a
Protection Society fundamental unit for the implementation of the scheme.
A large number of children exist who are in need of care and protection who either
Maintenance grant
enter the Juvenile Justice System through the Child Welfare Committees (CWCs) or
for NGO run
are in need of residential care and protection during the period of pendency of any
children home/
enquiry and subsequently for their long-term care, treatment, education, training, de-
shelter home/after
velopment and rehabilitation. For them Shelter Home, Children Home, Observation
care home
Homes and After Care Homes are being operated under the ICPS.
453
Maintenance grant There are a large number of children in need of care and protection who either enter
for Government the Juvenile Justice System through the Child Welfare Committees (CWCs) are in
run children home/ need of residential care and protection during the period of pendency of any enquiry
shelter home/after and subsequently for their long- term care, treatment, education, training, develop-
care home ment and rehabilitation. For them a Grants- in- Aid is to be provided.
Open shelters in
The open shelters, run by both NGOs and state Government, are not meant to
urban and semi-urban
provide permanent residential facilities for children but to complement the existing
areas (both
institutional care facilities.
state and NGO run)
In order to facilitate the placement of orphaned, abandoned and surrendered children

Grant to NGOs
for adoption, the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Act
to run Special
2006 empowers the state Government to recognise one or more of its institutions or
Adoption Agency
voluntary organizations in each district as Special Adoption Agency.
Statutory support Under this head,the CWCs and the JJBs are to be set up as per Care and Protection
services of Children Amendment Act, 2006.
Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)

The persistent problem of under-nourishment affects psychological, physical and social development of
every third woman in India and every second women its human capital. The achievement of this goal is
is anaemic. In Jharkhand, according to NFHS-V only possible through a holistic support through cash
(2019-21), 65.3 per cent women in the age group incentives and promotion of health seeking behaviour.
of 15-49 years and 56.8 per cent pregnant women As per the NFSA, provision of food and nutritional
in the age group of 15-49 years are anaemic. This security by ensuring adequate access to quality food
causes some irreversible changes in the life cycle of to live a life with dignity is detrimental. Although,
the child and affects him/her later on in life. There it has been the main focus of the government, it
are studies which point to learning deficiencies and continues to be a challenge.
lack of development of cognitive skills in children.
The Pradhan Mantri Matritva Vandana Yojana
Due to economic and social conditions, many women
(PMMVY) seeks to provide a cash incentive of 5,000
continue working to support their family right upto
rupees in three instalments to pregnant women and
the last day of their pregnancy and even after it . This
lactating mothers for the first live child through Direct
harms their body and causes nutritional deficiencies
Benefit Transfer (DBT). The eligible beneficiaries
because it impedes their ability to breastfeed.
would receive the remaining cash incentives as per
While we may be trying to increase GDP growth approved norms towards maternity benefit under
rates or surpassing major economies by 2030, India’s the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) after institutional
aspirations on cashing on the rich demographic delivery so that on an average, a woman is able to
dividends would be thwarted if the focus doesn’t get 6000 rupees.
shift from translating numbers to providing proper
The main objectives of the Pradhan Mantri Matritva Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) are the
following:
1. Provide partial compensation for the wage loss 2. Cash incentive would lead to improved health
in terms of cash¬ incentives so that women can seeking behaviour amongst the Pregnant
take adequate rest before and after the delivery. Women and Lactating Mothers (PW&LM).
Swadhar Greh Scheme(A Scheme for Women in Difficult Circumstances)

It is a sub-scheme of the centrally sponsored umbrella scheme “Protection and Empowerment of Women”.
454
The objectives of this scheme are: Shelter homes have been constructed under this
scheme. At present, this scheme has been made
 To provide immediate shelter, food, clothing
operational in five districts of the state, namely
and care to women in crisis,
Ramgarh, Giridih, Hazaribagh, Deoghar and
 To arrange for specific clinical, legal support Sahibgunj with 358 inmates in total. The scheme is
and guidance to enable them to take steps for being run through NGOs.
their readjustment in families and society,
Proposals for setting up few more Shelter Homes in
 To coordinate in rehabilitating women in crisis. other districts are being considered.
Table 14.13: District Wise Physical and Financial Progress of Swadhar Greh Scheme (as on 05.12.2022)
Sl.
District Total no of inmates Financial Progress
No.
2021-22 (up-
2020-21 2020-21
September 2022)
Fund Received (Rs.) Expenditure (Rs.)
1 Ramgarh 8 40 605,833 605,833
2 Giridih 54 27 727,000 727,000
3 Hazaribagh 22 130 666,413 666,413
4 Deoghar 31 47 666,413 666,413
5 Sahibgunj 55 134 484,667 484,667
Total 170 358 3,150,326 3,150,326
Ujjawala Scheme
Launched in May 2016, the Ujjawala scheme aims the implementation of the scheme. Identification of
to safeguard the health of women and children by the BPL families is done through the Socio Economic
providing them with clean cooking fuel i.e. LPG. Caste Census (SECC) data.
This is done so that women don’t have to compromise
Earlier this scheme was implemented directly by the
with their health in smoky kitchens or wander in
central Government through the NGO’s. From the FY
unsafe areas to collect firewood. This scheme is a part
2016 – 17, this scheme is being implemented with the
of the “Mission for the Protection and Empowerment
intervention of the state government in the funding
of Women”. To ensure that the scheme empowers
pattern of 60:40 (central share: state share). Currently
women, especially in rural India, the connections are
this scheme is being implemented in the Palamu and
issued in the name of the women of the households.
Hazaribagh districts of Jharkhand.
An amount of 8000 crore rupees has been allocated for
Table 14.14: District Wise Physical and Financial Progress of Ujjawala Scheme (as on 05.12.2022)
Sl.
District Total no of Beneficiaries Financial Progress
No.
2021-22 (up-
2020-2021 2020-21
September 2022)
Fund Received Expenditure
1 Palamu 21 88 1,048,685 758,790
2 Hazaribagh 5 174 1,048,685 945,000
Total 26 262 2,097,370 1,703,790
455
National Creche Scheme
The National Crèche Scheme is a centrally working mothers. This facility, besides day-care
sponsored scheme being implemented by the facility, includes early stimulation for children
Ministry of Women and Child Development. The below 3 years and pre-school education for 3 to 6
scheme was earlier named as Rajiv Gandhi National years old children, supplementary nutrition, growth
Creche Scheme. It aims to provide day care facilities monitoring and health check-up and immunization
to children (age group of 6 months to 6 years) of
Mahila Shakti Kendras

This is a new scheme of GOI to promote community the government for availing their entitlements and
participation through the involvement of student for empowering them through awareness generation,
volunteers, NSS/NCC cadre students for the training and capacity building.
empowerment of rural women. MSK is a sub-
In Jharkhand, Mahila Shakti Kendra Scheme is being
scheme under the Umbrella Scheme Pradhan Mantri
implemented in all the 24 districts. 177 blocks have
Mahila Shashaktikaran Yojna. The scheme aims to
been identified where MSK will be implemented.
provide an interface for rural women to approach
Construction of Working Women’s Hostels

This is a centrally planned scheme to operate working The cost-sharing-pattern for the above scheme is in
women hostel in every district with a view to provide the ratio of 60:40 for the centre and state governments
lodging-facility to the women working in the respectively.
government sector, private sectors and universities
and colleges.
Table 14.15: District Wise Physical Progress of Working Women Hostel Scheme (as on 05.12.2022)
Sl. No. District Total no of Beneficiaries
2020-2021 2021-22 (up-Sept. 2022)
1 Ranchi 55 88
2 Khunti 0 62
Total 55 150
Poshan Abhiyan
The Poshan Abhiyan or National Nutrition Mission  Inter-sectoral convergence for better service
is a flagship programme launched on March 08, 2018 delivery
by the government of India to improve nutritional-
 Use of technology (ICT) for real-time growth-
outcomes for children, pregnant women and lactating
monitoring and tracking of women and children
mothers. Behavioural change at the individual and
community level is an important component to  Intensified health and nutrition-services for the
achieve the desired goal of Poshan Abhiyan. The NITI first 1000 days
Aayog has been entrusted with the task of closely
 Jan Andolan
monitoring the POSHAN Abhiyaan and undertaking
periodic evaluations. “PoshanMaah” (Nutrition Month) and Poshan
Pakhwada (Nutrition Fortnight) are organised for the
For the implementation of POSHAN Abhiyaan, the
effective realization of its mission. Different social
mission has adopted four-point strategy:
456
mobilization and advocacy activities are carried out promoted during these events. Yoga and wellness
with the participation of the community and convergent activities are carried out across the AWC followed
departments during these programmes. by T3 camps (Test, Treat and Talk). Micronutrient
fortified energy dense food (MFEDF) is distributed
So far 4 Poshan Pakhwadas have been organised.
during the poshan pakhwada as part of supplementary
During such programmes different activities are
nutrition to each category of beneficiaries.
organised at the AWC level and reported on the
Identification and referral of SAM are also carried
dashboard. Nutrition-related key behaviours are
out across the districts.
Figure 14.1: Participation in key activities during 4thPoshanPakhwada 2022
Figure 14.2: Status of Growth Monitoring of Children during 4thPoshanPakhwada 2022
457
Growth monitoring: It is one of the important Malnourished (SAM) category. Out of the total
activities carried out across the AWCs as per the SAM children, only 1044 (14.06%) were referred
directive of the Ministry. During PoshanPakhwada to Malnutrition Treatment Centres (MTCs) and the
initiatives are taken to screen all children under the age rest were taken care of at the community level by
of 6 years enrolled in AWCs. During the first week of parents, Anganwadi workers and the ANMs. As
Poshan Pakhwada,31,07,898 children were screened per the district reports, West Singhbhum, Chatra,
out of which 56 per cent were from the age group Palamu, Latehar, Saraikela Kharswan, and Hazaribag
of 6 months to 3 years and 44 per cent were from have more SAM children in comparison to other
that of 3 to 6 years. Out of the total enrolled children, districts. Jamtara, Garhwa and Ranchi have reported
only 80 per cent of children were weighed during this the lowest number of SAM children. There is a need
Pakhwada. Out of this, 3.83 per cent were found to for state-level intervention along with targeted and
be in Moderately Acute Malnourished(MAM) and focused interventions in high priority districts as all
0.23 per cent were found to be in the Severely Acute the districts have SAM and MAM children.
Figure 14.3: District Wise Children identified as suffering from Severe Acute Malnutrition
Gender-sensitive water management: The meetings were organized at the AWC level where
ministry has given due importance to ensure gender mostly the importance of water and its conservation
was discussed. A total of 5,00,329 women and
participation in water conservation where both village leaders participated in this meeting. As an
male and female members contribute to the family outcome of this meeting, 2,348 new drinking water
in conservation through effective use, storage and sources were installed at AWCs and villages. A total
better sanitation. At the community level, repairing 1,343 drinking water sources were repaired/cleaned
and cleaning drinking water sources are some of the by the community under the guidance of respective
activities initiated atthe AWCs. 23,583 community AWW.
458
Test Treat and Talk (T3) camps: Anaemia folders. Key components related to behaviour and
identification and treatment was one of the key services on Golden 1000 days have been counselled
activities carried out during the Poshan Pakhwada. by AWW and LS during Poshan Pakhwada. IPC
This activity is organized in convergence with the sessions for an average of 7 pregnant mothers per
Health and Family Welfare department. Out of the AWC have been carried out. Similarly, counselling
total AWC, only 6,707 AWC, about 18 per cent of on breastfeeding and complementary feeding was
the total number of AWCs of the state, organized also carried out during the Pakhwada. 2,84,427
T3 camps in convergence with the Sahiyas and lactating mothers, on an average 7 per AWC,
the ANMs. In these camps, 35,410 women and participated the IPC sessions. The IPC sessions
adolescent girls have been identified as anaemic. On mostly focused on exclusive breastfeeding and the
an average of about 6 persons have been found to be continuation of complementary feeding along with
anaemic in each T 3 camp. immunization and regular growth monitoring.
DemonstrationTraditional food: It is one of the Other Social mobilization activities : The Poshan
activities organized across AWC. The very purpose Rath has been flagged off by the DC and the DSWO
of this activity is to promote local traditional food across 16 districts in support of the NGOs and other
in tribal dominant villages. A total of 30,801 AWC departments. 96 Poshan Raths moved around the
organised this activity. They also organised recipe villages of these 16 districts promoting key services
competitions among mothers. 21,939 mothers and behaviour related to Nutrition and Anaemia.
participated in making traditional recipes during Districts like Dhanbad, Garhwa, Khunti, Latehar,
this competition. Among these participants, 3623 Pakur, Ramgarh, Sahibganj and Simdega could
mothers were recognized by AWW at the community not organize Poshan Rath. Similarly, 14,295 Pada
level for making tasty and good recipes. yatra/ rallies have been organized in 23 districts
excluding Khunti of the state. These padyatras have
Interpersonal communication (IPC) with
often been attended by the AWW, CDPOs, LS and
mothers: It was planned to facilitate IPC sessions
common men and women of the community. The
with pregnant and lactating mothers during household
rallies have used posters, placards and banners along
visits. 2,68,287 pregnant women were counselled
with traditional folk media to promote key nutrition
by using Paanch sutra and anaemia ki Sandesh IPC
behaviours across the AWCs.
Figure14.4: Percentage Participation in different activities during 4thPoshanPakhwada 2022.
459
Box 14.3: Achievements of the 4th Poshan Pakhwada, 2022

In the national ranking, the state has moved to 7th position in the 4th Poshan Pakhwada from (2022) 8th
position during PoshanMaah of 2021. The state was at the 12th position in the years 2020.
The number of participants has also increased in the last 2 years.
A total of 2,91,028 activities were organized this year. It is an increase of 11 per cent incomparison to
activities of last year's Poshan Pakhwada.
On an average,8 activities per AWC with 1253 participants per AWC were conducted during the
4thPoshanPakhwada.
In 2022, 19 districts have performed above the national average while the performance of 5 districts have
been equal to the national average.
Repeated online orientation, daily sharing of dashboard updates and hand holding support to low performing
districts have given good results.
As per the information of the dashboard,Giridih with an average of 12 activities Dhanbad with an average
of 11 activities, Palamu with 9 activities, East Singhbhum with 13 activities and Godda with 12 activities
have performed better than the state's average.
Figure 14.5: Year Wise Activity and Participation in Poshan Pakhwada
Centre- State Sponsored Schemes for Social Security

According to Census 2011, at the all India-level, 2011. The share of differently-abled workers in
the population of differently-abled persons are 2.21 the state to the total differently-abled population is
per cent of the total population. The share of the 37.68 percent. About 31 percent of the differently-
differently-abled in Jharkhand to the total differently- abled children (5-19 years) are not attending any
abled persons in the country is 2.87 as per Census educational institution in the state. The department
460
of Social Welfare, Women and Child Development abled, the widows and the tribal groups, some of
implements a multitude of schemes for the overall which are funded either entirely by the centre or by
welfare of other weaker and marginalized sections of the state or are shared jointly.
the society, comprising of the aged, the differently-
Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) – (60-79 Years)
The IGNOAPS was introduced as a part of the During the financial year 2022-23, a total of 9,74,181
National Social Assistance program (NSAP). (up to 30.09.2022) persons have benefitted from this
Under this scheme, individuals of the BPL families scheme. Palamu (80171) has the highest number of
(included in the list of the BPL survey 2002)between beneficiaries under this schemefollowed by Garhwa
the age group of 60 to 79 years get pension at the rate district (66725). In terms of utilization of the allotted
of 1000 rupees per month in which the central and the funds under the IGNOAPS, it is found that some
state share is 200 rupees and 800 rupees per month districts have utilized most of the allotted funds viz.
respectively. Pakur (271.62) followed by Ramgarh (259.63).
Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) – (Above 80 Years)
Under this scheme individuals between the age month in which the central and the state share is 500
group of 80 years and above of the BPL families are rupeeseach.
eligible for pension at the rate of 1000 rupees per
Figure 14.6: District Wise Participation in Activities under the 4thPoshanPakhwada
461
Figure 14.7: District Wise Activities under the 4thPoshanPakhwada

The IGNWPS which is part of the National Social During the financial year 2022-23, a total of 2,64,812
Assistance Programme provides pension to all (up to 30.09.2022) widows have been benefitted
widows in the age group of 40 to 79 years who are under this scheme. The district of Dhanbad (21,408)
below poverty-line under the BPL survey of the year has theagh (27.95) and Giridih (39.26).
2002.
Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS)

The IGNDPS was introduced in February, 2009 as be up to 7995 rupees and in the urban areas up to
a part of the National Social Assistance program 9474 rupees. The scheme entitles them to a monthly
(NSAP). It has been designed to assure that financial pension of 1000 rupees in which the share of the
assistance is provided to severe and multi-differently- central government is 300 rupees and that of the state
abled persons living below the poverty line. government is 700 rupees. During the financial year
Beneficiaries include the differently-abled persons 2022-23(up to 30.09.2022), a total of 26584 persons
in the age group of 18-79 years residing in the have benefitted under this scheme. Dhanbad (3611)
urban/ rural areas and those who are eligible under has the highest number of beneficiaries under this
“Persons with Disabilities Act 1995” (PWD Act, scheme, followed by Garhwa (2128) and Hazaribagh
1995) and National Trust for the Welfare of Persons (2078). In terms of utilization of the allotted funds
with autism, cerebral palsy, mental retardation and under the IGNDPS, it is found that some districts
Multiple Disabilities Act, 1990 (National Trust have utilized most of the allotted funds viz. Ramgarh
Act 1990). These people must necessarily be from (3538.88) followed by Pakur (364.84). Districts with
the BPL sections of the population and as per the least utilization of funds under this scheme are Ranchi
recommendations of the Tendulkar Committee (16.35), Dhanbad (19.06) and Giridih (25.84).
report, their annual income in the rural areas must
462
National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS)
The National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS) is During the financial year 2022-23, in Jharkhand
one of the three major components of the National a total of 3273 (up to 30.09.2022) persons have
Social Assistance Programme (NSAP). Under this benefitted under this scheme. Palamu (532) has the
centrally funded scheme, the government provides highest number of beneficiaries under this scheme,
a lump sum one-time assistance of 20000 rupees followed by Dhanbad (408) and Chatra (297). In
to the dependents on the death of the breadwinner terms of utilization of the allotted funds under the
(of age between 18-60 years)belonging to a BPL scheme, it is found that some districts have utilized
family (included in the list of the BPL survey 2002). most of the allotted funds viz. Dhanbad (128.20)
A woman of the household who is a home- maker followed by Jamtara (119.23). The overall utilization
can also be considered as a ‘breadwinner’ under this of funds in the state under the NFBS is 38.74 per cent.
scheme.
CONCLUSION
The department of Women and Child Development is working relentlessly to build upon and strengthen
and Social Security along with various other each of its schemes for the growth and empowerment
departments have taken several initiatives to improve of women, children and the other weaker sections of
the condition of women and children in the state. the society.
As a result, in most of the indicators of social and
The schemes made for the development of women
economic development,the women and children of
and children have tried to foster child and gender-
the state have made significant development over
friendly environment in the state by ensuring their
the years. In terms of some of the indicators, its
safety, protecting them from violence and providing
performance has surpassed the national average. As
quick and appropriate redressal in case of any mishap.
the state and society are overcoming the challenges
pressed by the Covid 19 pandemic, the department
463
Chapter 15
Tribal Welfare And Interventions For
The Underprivileged
465
Introduction
More than half of the population of Jharkhand other communities. In order to build an inclusive
constitutes that of the Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled society, the government of Jharkhand through its
Castes and the Minority communities. These department of Social Welfare is striving to meet the
communities are known to be the most marginalized varied developmental needs of these marginalised
communities of the state. In most of the indicators communities.
of development, these communities lag behind the
The Social Composition of Jharkhand

According to Census 2011, the Scheduled Tribes cent and the Minorities constitute 19.1 per cent of the
constitutes 26.2 per cent of the total population of population of the state.
Jharkhand, the Scheduled Castes constitutes 12.1 per
Figure 15.1: Social Composition of the Population of Jharkhand
Source: Census 2011
Scheduled Tribes
Numerically, Jharkhand has the twelfth largest population of the state. The Santhal Tribe is the most
tribal population in the country accounting for 8.3 populous one constituting about 34 per cent of the ST
per cent of the total Scheduled Tribes population population of the state. The Oraon, Munda, Ho and
of India. Scheduled Tribes of Jharkhand consist of Kharia tribe constitute 19.86, 14.22 and 10.74 and
32 tribal groups out of which eight are categorized 2.27 per cent respectively of the total ST population
as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). of the state. These four major tribes thus constitute
The PVTGs constitute about 3 per cent of the total more than three-fourth of the total tribal population
tribal population of the state. The four major tribal of the state. Figure 15.2 depicts the composition of
communities, namely, Santhal, Oraon, Munda and Ho the Scheduled Tribes in the state.
constitute more than three-fourths of the total tribal
467
Tribal Welfare And Interventions For The Underprivileged
Figure 15.2: The Composition of the Scheduled Tribes of Jharkhand
Source: Census 2011
Box 15.1: New Tribal Communities

The Constitution (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) Orders (Amendment) Act, 2022
received the assent of the President on April 08, 2022. It has amended the schedule to the ST
Order to include certain communities in the list of STs in Jharkhand. These are the Deshwari,
Ganjhu, Dautalbandi (Dwalbandi), Patbandi, Raut, Maajhia, Khairi (Kheri), Tamaria (Tamadia)
and Puran communities. Further, the Schedule to the SC Order has been amended to omit
the Bhogta community from the list of SCs in Jharkhand. The community has instead been
included in the list of STs in the state.
Geographical Concentration of Tribal Population in Jharkhand

Though tribals resides in all the districts of the state, Singhbhum, Lohardaga, Latehar, Pakur and Dumka.
there concentration is high in some of the districts. They constitute about 73 per cent of the population of
The tribals constitute more than 40 per cent of the Khunti, while only 0.96 per cent of the population of
population of Khunti, Simdega, Gumla, West Koderma belong to this community.
Table 15.1: Inter-District Concentration of Scheduled Tribes in Jharkhand

% of ST population Districts
Less than 10 Koderma (0.96), Chatra (4.37), Giridih (9.74), Hazaribagh (7.02), Dhanbad
(8.68), Palamau (9.34)
10 to 25 Deoghar (12.31), Bokaro (12.4), Ramgarh (21.19), Garhwa (15.56),
Godda (21.26)
25 to 40 Sahibganj (2.68), East Singhbhum (28.51), Jamtara (30.4), Sariekela
(35.18), Ranchi (35.76)
40 to 55 Latehar (45.54), Pakur (42.1), Dumka (43.22)
55 to 70 Gumla (68.94), West Singhbhum (67.31), Lohardaga (56.89)
More than 70 Khunti (73.26), Simdega (70.78)
Source: Census 2011
468
Scheduled Areas of Jharkhand
Of the 24 districts in Jharkhand, the Scheduled (Bhandaria) and Godda (Sunder Pahari, Boarijore).
Areas fall in 15 districts. The Scheduled districts are Besides these districts, two panchayats namely Rabda
Ranchi, Khunti, East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum, and Bakoria in Satbarwa block of Palamau district is
Seriakela-Kharsawan, Gumla, Simdega, Lohardaga, in the scheduled area list.
Latehar, Dumka, Jamtara, Sahebganj, Pakur, Garhwa
Table 15.2: Scheduled Areas and Blocks

Scheduled Districts Scheduled Blocks
Ranchi Burmu, Mander, Chanho, Bero, Lapung, Ratu, Namkum, Kanke, Rahe,
Ormanjhi, Angara, Silli, Sonahatu, Tamar, Bundu, Nagri, Itki, Khelari
Khunti Arki, Khunti, Murhu, Karra, Torpa and Rania
Lohardaga Kisko, Kuru, Lohardaga, Bhandra, Senha, Kairo, Peshrar
Gumla Bishunpur, Ghaghra, Chainpur, Dumri, Raidih, Gumla, Sisai, Bharno, Kamdara,
Basia, Palkot and Albert Ekka
Simdega Simdega, Kolebira, Bano, Jaldega, Thethaitangar, Kurdeg, Bolb, Pakartanr,
Kersai and Bansjore
Garhwa Bhandaria
West Singhbhum Bandgaon, Chakradharpur, Sonua, Goelkera, Manoharpur, Gudri, Noamundi,
Jaganathpur, Manjhgaon, Kumardungi, Manjari, Anandpur, Tantnagar,
Jhinkpani, Tonto, Khutpani, Chaibasa and Hatgamaria
Seraikela Kharsawan Raj Nagar, Gamhariya, Serikela, Kharsawan, Kuchai, Chandil, Ichagarh, Nimdih
and Kukru
East Singhbhum Golmuri-Jugsalai, Patmada, Potka, Dumaria, Musabani, Ghatshila, Dalbhumgarh,
Chakulia, Bahragora, Boram and Gurabandha
Dumka Saraiyahat, Jarmundi, Jama, Ramgarh, Gopikandar, Kathikund, Dumka,
Sikaripara, Raneshwar and Masalia
Jamtara Kundhit, Nala, Jamtara, Narainpur, Karmatanr, Vidyasagar and Fatehpur
Sahebganj Sahebganj, Borio, Taljhari, Rajmahal, Barharwa, Pathna, Barhet, Udhwa and
Mandro
Pakur Littipara, Amrapara, Hiranpur, Pakur, Maheshpur and Pakuria
Godda Boarijore, Sunderpahari
Latehar Barwadih, Manika, Balumath, Chandwa, Latehar, Garu, Mahuadarn, B ariyatu
and Herhary
Source: Tribal Atlas, Dept. of Scheduled Tribe, Scheduled Caste, Minority and Backward Class Welfare, Government of Jharkhand
Originally, the Tribal Sub-Plan (Scheduled) areas cover smaller areas of tribal communities having a
were contiguous areas with a population of 50,000 population of 10,000 and above of which at least 50
and above with atleast 50 per cent STs. Subsequently, per cent were STs. Further, Mini-MADA clusters with
areas with a tribal population of marginally less a population of 5,000 and above with atleast 50 per
than 50 per cent were added as Additional Tribal cent STs were also considered. Now, all these areas
Sub-Plan (AScheduled) areas. Later, Modified Area are together called Scheduled areas and are covered
Development Approach (MADA) was adopted to by Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDPs).
Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups

About 93 per cent of the Pahariyas and 88 per cent cent of its tribal population. The Sauriya and Mal
of the Korwas live in Garhwa, Palamu and Latehar. Pahariyas are mostly concentrated in the Santhal
The eight PVTGs of Jharkhand constitute 3.4 per Pargana region of the state. About 98 per cent of the
469
Sauria Paharias and 56 per cent of the Mal Pahariyas Among the other PVTGs, the Savars are mainly
live in the Pakur, Sahebganj and Godda districts of concentrated in East Singhbhum; Asur in Gumla,
the region. Similarly, the majority of the Korwas Hazaribagh, Lohardaga, Ramgarh and Latehar and
and Parahiyas live in the Palamu region of the state. Birjia in Gumla and Latehar.
Figure 15.3: The Composition of PVTGs of Jharkhand
Source: Census 2011
SC and Minority Community

As per Census 2011, the Scheduled Caste and other A district wise analysis shows that the percentage
minority communities comprise 12.08 per cent and of the Scheduled Castes ranges between 3.16 per
19.12 per cent, respectively, of the total population cent in Pakur and 32.65 per cent in Chatra. The SCs
of Jharkhand. Twenty-two Scheduled Caste constitute more than 20 per cent of the population
communities and five religious minority communities of the districts of the Palamu region. The districts
live in this state. bordering Bihar also have a high concentration of
the SC population. The Scheduled Castes constitute
Out of the 22 SC communities, Chamar is the most
less than five per cent of the population of Khunti,
populous caste constituting about 26 per cent of
Gumla, West Singhbhum and Lohardaga where the
the total SC population. Bhuiya and Dusadh are
Scheduled Tribes constitute more than fifty per cent
the second and the third largest SCs constituting
of the population.
about 21 and 11 per cent of the SC population of
the state respectively. The other SCs in descending The minority religious communities comprise of the
order are Dhobi, Bhogta, Baurri, Turi and Rajwas. Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Buddhists, Zoroastrians
Along with Chamar, Bhuiya and Dusadh, these (Parsis) and Jains. They have been notified as
five communities constitute about 86 per cent of minority communities by the Government of
the total SC population of the state. Four castes, India in the Gazette under Section 2 © of National
Musahar, Pasi, Ghasi and Dom account for another Commission for Minorities Act, 1992. Among them
eleven per cent of the SC population of the state. only five of them namely Muslims, Sikhs, Christians,
The remaining ten castes along with the generic Buddhists and Jains have a significant presence.
castes constitute the residual 3.2 per cent of the Among the five major religious minorities living in
state’s SC population. Bantar, Choupal, Halalkhor the state, the Muslims are numerically the largest.
and Kanjar are numerically the smallest Scheduled They constitute 14.5 per cent of the population of the
Caste communities of the state. state. Christians, the second largest religious minority
470
community in the state, constitute only 4.3 per cent of (MCD) by the Ministry of Minority Affairs of the
the population of the state. The rest of them constitute Government of India. While more than 20 per cent of
less than one per cent of the population of the state – the population of Gumla, Ranchi and Khunti belong
the Sikhs 0.22 per cent, the Buddhists 0.03 per cent to the minority communities, more than 40 per cent
and Jains 0.05 per cent. of the population of Simdega, Pakur and Sahebganj
belong to such communities. Sahebganj and Pakur
Like the other communities, there is an inter-
have a large percentage of Muslims – about 35
district variation in the presence of the minority
per cent of the population of these districts belong
communities in Jharkhand. Simdega has the highest
to this community. Simdega, Khunti and Gumla,
and Seraikela has the lowest presence of the minority
on the other hand, have a sizeable presence of the
communities. While more than half of the population
Christians. The Christians constitute about 25 per
of Simdega belong to the minority community, less
cent of the population of Gumla. Deoghar, Giridih,
than seven per cent of the population of Seraikela
Jamtara, Lohardaga and Godda also have a sizeable
belong to the minority communities. Six of the
presence of the people of the minority communities.
districts of Jharkhand namely Simdega, Gumla,
More than 20 per cent of the population of Deoghar,
Khunti, Ranchi, Pakur and Sahebganj have been
Giridih, Jamtara, Lohardaga and Godda are Muslims.
recognized as the Minority Concentrated Districts
Other forms of Social Exclusion

Women, the mentally challenged, the transgender in Jharkhand is higher than that at the pan India
and the differently able often face the brunt of level. About 2.9 per cent of the physically challenged
deprivation and social exclusion. According to the persons of the country live in Jharkhand. Unlike the
Socio Economic and Caste Census (SECC) data, the rest of India, in Jharkhand, the incidence of different
average percentage of women-headed households in types of disability is higher in the urban areas as
India is 12.88 per cent. This figure is slightly less in compared to the rural areas. This is primarily because
Jharkhand where approximately 10.45 per cent of the of the under-reporting of disability in the rural areas as
households are women-headed. compared to the urban areas of the state. According to
the 76th round of the NSO survey conducted between
The specially-able constitute 1.85 per cent of the
July and December 2018, a higher percentage of the
people in the rural areas and 2.59 per cent of the
disabled males were present in rural Jharkhand i.e.,
people in the urban areas. The incidence of disability
2.6 per cent.
Table 15.3: Percentage of persons with disability in India and Jharkhand

Locomotive
Retardation
Disability
Disability
Disability
Disability
Disability
Disability
Hearing
Speech
Mental
Mental
Seeing
Illness
Other
Any
All India Rural 0.27 0.14 0.10 0.40 0.10 0.08 0.23 0.17
Urban 0.20 0.08 0.07 0.24 0.08 0.07 0.19 0.13
Jharkhand Rural 0.38 0.21 0.20 0.41 0.10 0.08 0.19 0.17
Urban 0.76 0.41 0.31 0.43 0.14 0.11 0.27 0.16
Source: Socio-Economic and Caste Census, 2011
Sources of Income, Livelihood and Assets among the SC and ST Population

Casual labour and cultivation are the dominant both the SCs and the STs of Jharkhand appear to be
sources of livelihood of the SCs and STs of a deprived community. However, when it comes to
Jharkhand. In terms of income and asset ownership, government employment, a greater percentage (5.08
471
per cent) of the SCs is employed with the government salaried job whereas the figure is even lower for the
as compared to the STs (3.49 per cent). Only 8.2 ST households among whom only 6.08 per cent have
per cent of the SC households in Jharkhand have a a salaried job.
Table 15.4: Percentage of SC/ST Households with Salaried Jobs in Jharkhand

Community No of % of Percentage of households with Salaried Jobs
Households households
Govt. Public Sector Private Sector
SC 653283 12.95 5.1 1.6 1.5
ST 1468637 29.12 3.49 0.95 1.64
Table 15.5: Assets and Income of the SCs and STs in Jharkhand
Households paying income

member earning more than
Credit Cards with a credit
Households having Kisan
Motorized two/three/four
Percentage of SC and ST
limit of Rs. 50,000 and

wheelers/fishing boats
Households with any
Households with any
Rs.10,000 per month

Households owning
member as a Govt.
Community
households
Employee
above
tax
SC 12.95 12.71 1.40 5.08 6.83 4.84
ST 29.12 14.99 1.78 3.49 5.14 3.31
Welfare Initiatives taken by the government of Jharkhand

To improve the well-being of the SCs, STs and other and targeted implementation of the same to achieve
underprivileged communities and to reduce the timely and desired results. Some of the significant
socio-economic deprivations they face, the welfare programs and schemes launched by the department
department of the government of Jharkhand has have been discussed in the light of their impact and
resorted to meaningful policy-making and a speedy consequences on the targeted sections of society.
Box 15.2: Financial Powers to traditional Gram Pradhans for preservation of Tribal Culture
In order to promote tribal culture and indigenous art centres, Gram Sabhas headed by traditional heads
of panchayats like Gram Pradhan, Manki Munda, Manjhi and Pahan can spend upto 25 lakh rupees
through a selected beneficiary samiti. The Welfare department has started this scheme in the scheduled
areas of the state under which this financial power has been given. The amount allocated under this
scheme can be spent on the construction of tribal art centres, manjhi bhawan, manki munda bhawan,
parha bhawan, pargana bhawan, dhumkudiya bhawan, and construction of godase and manjhi instead
of road. In villages where there are no gram pradhans, manki munda, pahan or manjhi, this scheme can
be implemented through recognized traditional samitis. For the implementation of schemes worth more
than 25 lakh rupees, a tender shall be floated. An amount of 85.50 crore rupees has been allocated for
the financial year 2022-23 under the scheme.
472
Education
The department of Scheduled Tribe, Scheduled SC, ST and OBC families are given scholarships
Cast, Minority and Backward Class Welfare of the to cover their educational costs. To improve the
state formulated a scheme to build library facilities quality of education, the department of Welfare has
in the residential schools in 2019-20. Additionally, formulated a scheme to start e-learning programs in
the department had also set up science laboratories the residential high schools through the setting up of
and libraries in the residential high schools run by the ICT labs in the select residential schools.
it. The state’s nodal agency for setting up an ICT lab
ICT labs and libraries have been set up in 58 schools
is JAPIT. Students of class 1 to class 10 studying
out of which 38 are boys’ schools and 19 are girls’
in the primary, secondary and senior secondary
schools. 15,968 students have been benefitted by
grades and belonging to the economically weaker
these facilities.
Different types of scholarships are provided under this scheme which includes the following:
Pre-Matric Scholarship and Post-Matric Scholarship
The objective of the scheme is to primarily ensure sections and to reduce their drop-out rates. The
continued school-education of all the students, amount of scholarship varies on the basis of the
especially those belonging to the marginalized class of students.
Merit cum Means Scholarship for Professional and Technical Courses

The Ministry of Minority Affairs (MoMA), communities for pursuing professional and technical
Government of India, directly implements Merit courses. Those students whose family income is
cum Means Scholarship. Under this scheme, equal to or less than Rs. 2.5 lakhs per annum are
scholarship is offered to students from the minority eligible to avail this scholarship.
Table 15.6: Total Number of Applications sent to the GOI for scholarships to the minorities
Type of 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21

Scholarship
Fresh Renewal Fresh Renewal Fresh Renewal Fresh Renewal
Pre-Matric 48454 7495 39907 14478 81437 10198 10943 4051
Post-Matric 7724 3896 9837 3223 10286 3243 4485 1590
Merit cum Means 1971 1122 641 581 1098 448 132 101
Scholarship for
Professional &
Technical Courses
Source: Department of School Education and Literacy, GoJ
Table 15.7: Number of SC, ST and OBC beneficiaries for Pre & Post-Matric Scholarship Scheme
Scheme 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
ST SC BC ST SC BC ST SC BC ST SC BC
Pre- 774643 321589 1151155 826626 342287 1206038 715666 309359 IE+ 06 523549 250999 861316
Matric
Post- 77307 21901 145343 84356 23465 159552 79823 22753 161306 83435 26581 192277
Matric
473
Table 15.8: Number of Beneficiaries under the Scheme of Examination Fee Reimbursement
Exam 2017 Exam 2018 Exam 2019-20 Exam 2020-21 (upto

September)
SC ST BC SC ST BC SC ST BC SC ST BC
Total 49038 96519 209835 35311 74945 148802 22879 55258 96211 14271 39571 66721
Reimbursement of Examination Fee

This is a state-initiated scheme aimed to promote the students who would have otherwise dropped out
education among the students from the deprived due to their inability to pay the examination fees, to
communities of the ST, SC and OBC category. continue with schooling. Table 15.16 shows the total
They are exempted from the examination fees in the number of beneficiaries of this scheme in each of the
matriculate and intermediate examinations conducted categories in the years.
by the Jharkhand Academic Council. This encourages
Marang Gomke Jaipal Singh Munda Overseas Scholarship Scheme

The Marang Gomke Jaipal Singh Munda Overseas the links between people and organizations to
Scholarship Scheme is administered by the enhance mutual understanding and cooperation. The
government of Jharkhand with the aim of equipping Government of Jharkhand has also partnered with the
the next generation of leaders, decision makers and Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office,
opinion makers with the skills and knowledge to Government of the United Kingdom to institute the
drive change and contribute to the economic and Chevening Marang Gomke Jaipal Singh Munda
social development of the country. The scholarship Scholarship which provides for up to five students
provides an opportunity to Jharkhand residents to pursue a one-year master’s degree programme in
belonging to the SC, ST, Minority and Other the United Kingdom. Twenty-one students belonging
Backward Communities to pursue Masters’ and MPhil to the ST, the OBC and the minority communities
programmes at participating universities in the United have been selected for this scholarship in which 10
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. of them belong to the ST communities, 8 to the OBC
Inspired by Jaipal Singh Munda’s extraordinary communities and 3 of them belong to the minority
achievements, the scheme contributes to the long- communities.
term objectives of justice, equity and strengthens
Top Class Scholarship

As per the data released from the Ministry of Tribal scheme, maximum number of beneficiaries in
Affairs for the financial year 2022-23, in the category the state are from the stream of Engineering and
of Top-Class Scholarship for the tribal students, the Technology. Beneficiaries from the science stream are
number of beneficiaries from Jharkhand are 85. the minimum. Most beneficiaries under the scheme
Gender-wise categorization of beneficiaries show belong to institutes within the state comprising of
that the number of male beneficiaries is slightly IIM Ranchi, NIT Jamshedpur, NLU, BIT Mesra and
higher than the number of female beneficiaries. IIT Dhanbad. The highest number of beneficiaries is
While the male beneficiaries availing the scholarship from IIM Ranchi and BIT Ranchi i.e., 06 while the
is 62 per cent, the percentage of female beneficiaries lowest number is from IIT Dhanbad i.e.,04. The total
is 38. However, the amount released for the male amount allocated under this category of scholarship
beneficiaries (1.03 crores) is less than that for the is 2.4 crore. Table 15.18 gives the details of the Top-
females (1.38cores). Under the given scholarship Class Scholarship in the state.
474
Table 15.9: Details of Top-Class Scholarship in Jharkhand
Stream Male Female
Engg. & Tech 6 31
Humanities & Social Science 14 6
Management 8 9
Science 4 7
Institute Region Total Beneficiaries
BIT Ranchi 6
IIM Ranchi 6
NIT Jamshedpur 5
IIT Dhanbad 4
Source: Dashboard of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, GOI accessed on December 29, 2022
National Fellowship Scheme

There are 48 ST scholars enrolled from Jharkhand Social Sciences stream. Under this scheme, the amount
under the National Fellowship Scheme. Those pursuing disbursed and the number of beneficiaries, both, are
Ph.D. are the maximum i.e. 42. This particular scheme more in the case of females. Table 15.19 gives the
has maximum scholars from the Humanities and details of the beneficiaries of the scheme.
Table 15.10: Beneficiaries of the National Fellowship Scheme

Course Beneficiaries Amount (in crore)
Ph.D 42 1.36
M.Phil + Ph.D 3 0.02
JRF 1 0.00
M. Phil 1 0.00
SRF 1 0.01
Table 15.11: Distribution under the National Fellowship Scheme and categorization of Beneficiaries
under various streams
Stream No. of Beneficiaries Amount (in Crore)
Humanities and Social Sciences 25 0.7
Sciences 14 0.39
Engineering and Technology 09 0.30
Table 15.12: Gender-Wise disbursement of Amount under the National Fellowship Scheme
Gender Amount (Cr.)
Female 0.96
Male 0.43
Table 15.13: Beneficiaries of the National Fellowship Scheme by Gender

Gender Total no. of Beneficiaries
Female 30
Male 18
475
Cycle Distribution Scheme
After passing the middle-level school examination, scheme, Rs.3500 per student was given in the year
maximum students residing in villages of the state 2018-19. The scheme was devised with the objective
discontinue their studies due to lack of transportation to encourage the students belonging to the scheduled
facilities. The benefits of the Cycle Distribution tribe, scheduled caste and other backward classes.
Scheme are being given to the eligible students Till 2017-18, an amount of Rs.3000 per student was
through the Aadhaar enabled DBT. Under this given which was enhanced to Rs.3500 in 2018-19.
Table 15.14: Details of students benefited under Cycle Distribution Scheme

Year No. of Students Benefited
Total No. of Students ST SC OBC Minorities
2017-18 296927 94520 41984 118542 41881
2018-19 286849 85482 40852 116003 44512
2019-20 295950 86010 43454 120492 45994
2020-21 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
2021-22 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
Eklavya Model Residential Schools

The Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) 3051 students are enrolled. 81 EMRS in Jharkhand
aim to provide the best opportunities in education to are yet to become functional. Out of these 81 schools,
the Scheduled Tribe (ST) students. They have been the building of 14 have been completed, the work in
made to give impetus to quality education of tribal 39 of these schools is in progress and in 28 of these
children. An amount of 5095.41 lakhs was released schools the construction work is yet to start. Table
to the state for the same in the financial year 2021- 15.24 shows the status of EMRS in Jharkhand.
22. At present, there are 7 functional EMRS in which
Table 15.15: The status of EMRS in Jharkhand.

Functional/ Non-
Total buildings Completed In Progress Not started
Functional
Non-Functional 81 14 39 28
Functional 7 7 0 0
Box 15.3: Eklavya Model Residential Schools

EMRS is a flagship intervention of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs to ensure good quality education and
all-around development of tribal students in the remote tribal regions. The Union Budget for 2018-19
introduced that each block with more than 50 per cent ST population and at least 20,000 tribal people
shall have the provisions of EMRS. The schools cater to tribal students from classes VI to XII. They
also provide training in sports and personality development and are equipped with facilities catering to
the students’ on-campus needs for holistic improvement. Above all, they offer free education inclusive
of boarding and lodging.
Because of the quality of education provided in these schools many toppers and good performers have
emerged from EMRSs in different fields like academics, sports and cultural activities.
476
Higher Education: Several steps have been taken increased from 10.5 per cent to 15.6 per cent during
in the state to increase the enrolment and improve the period 2015-16 to 2019-20. However, the GER of
the learning outcome of the students belonging to the both communities has decreased in the year 2020-21.
deprived communities, especially the SCs and STs. The GER of SCs has decreased from 16.1 per cent
Several measures, such as scholarships to students to 13.0 per cent while that of the STs has decreased
pursing higher education, hostel facilities to students from 15.6 per cent to 12.4 per cent in this year. The
belonging to such communities, improvement in reason for decline in the GER of the students of these
infrastructure of the institutions of higher learning, communities has been the outbreak of COVID-19
increase in the enrolment of students in general and pandemic in March 2020 when all the institutions of
students belonging to such communities in particular, higher learning remained locked for more than a year.
have been taken for increasing the enrolment and
The GER of females has increased faster than that
learning outcome of such students. Emphasis has
of the male in both the communities indicating a
been on improving the educational status of the girls.
decrease in the gap of the enrolment of the male and
The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) of the students females of these communities. As per the All-India
belonging to these communities has increased over Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) Report, 2020-
the years. While the GER of SCs has increased 21, the gender parity index of the SCs in Jharkhand is
from 11.9 per cent to 16.1 per cent, that of STs has 0.94 and of the STs is 1.14.
Table 15.16: Gross Enrolment of SC and ST Students

SC ST

Male Female Total Male Female Total
2015-16 13.1 10.6 11.9 10.2 10.8 10.5
2016-17 14.6 12.1 13.4 11.7 13.3 12.6
2017-18 15.1 12.5 13.8 12.1 12.8 12.5
2018-19 17 14.8 15.9 13.4 14 13.7
2019-20 17 15.1 16.1 14.7 16.5 15.6
2020-21 13.4 12.6 13 11.6 13.2 12.4
Figure 15.4: Gross Enrolment of SC and ST Students
477
Box 15.4: Pandit Raghunath Murmu Tribal University

In order to provide quality education to tribal students of the state and to encourage study and research
on tribal issues, the government of Jharkhand is going to set up a tribal university. On September 20,
2022, Governor Ramesh Bais gave assent to the Pandit Raghunath Murmu Tribal University Bill, 2022
passed by the Jharkhand Assembly. Pandit Raghunath Murmu Tribal University will be headquartered in
Jamshedpur and its jurisdiction will be all over Jharkhand. The Vice-Chancellor of the university will be
appointed by the governor on the recommendation of the search committee set by the state government.
The purpose of its creation is to preserve and research on the tribal language and the rich cultural
tradition of the tribal community and also to encourage meritorious students of the tribal community.
The tribal university will remain open to all classes, castes and creeds. Regional centres can be opened
in any district according to need. The university which intends to introduce choice-based credit system
initially shall run post-graduate, graduate, diploma and certificate courses under the departments of
social sciences, culture and anthropology, science, management, computer and information technology
and tribal studies.
Health
According to the dashboard of the Ministry of Tribal Maximum number of tribal women who received full
Affairs, GOI, only 6.41 percent of the tribal women ante-natal care belonged to the Bokaro district which
in the state were given full ante-natal care. However, was followed by Ranchi. Percentage of women who
tribal women who were given antenatal care in the received full antenatal care in Bokaro and Ranchi
first trimester of their pregnancy were 65.32 per districts were 19.49 and 15.59 respectively. In terms
cent. While the percentage of institutional births in of institutional births, East Singhbhum ranks the
public facilities is 41.70 per cent, the percentage of highest with 78.12 per cent. Table 15.17 gives the
caesarean births among tribal women is 5.17 and details of maternal health status among the tribal
those taking place in public facilities is 2.83 per cent. women in Jharkhand.
Table 15.17: Details of Maternal Healthcare among the tribal Women of Jharkhand
Had full
Institutional
Had full Antenatal Caesarean
Institutional Births in Caesarean
Districts Antenatal Care in 1st Births in Public
Births (%) Public Facility Births (%)
Care (in %) Trimester Facility (in %)
(%)
(in %)
Bokaro 19.49 76.20 47.81 26.01 11.11 4.40
Chatra 7.73 66.47 54.51 37.75 8.96 0.00
Dumka 7.73 69.09 38.01 35.87 1.31 0.00
Garhwa 2.28 68.33 42.87 35.36 3.44 1.86
Giridih 7.73 66.47 54.51 37.75 8.96 0.00
Gumla 5.54 65.25 63.07 57.62 2.85 1.61
Hazaribagh 7.73 73.02 54.51 37.75 8.96 0.00
Jamtara 4.00 73.02 50.54 46.98 1.28 1.61
Khunti 11.81 78.27 62.52 58.12 2.99 3.97
Latehar 1.87 54.20 40.48 36.82 2.48 4.47
Lohardaga 4.51 63.44 64.83 57.09 3.67 2.25
478
Pakur 4.57 62.72 36.62 33.36 1.35 0.00

Palamu 2.28 68.33 42.87 35.36 3.44 5.96
West Singhbhum 2.66 38.51 30.43 27.93 1.15 0.95
East Singhbhum 8.86 79.34 78.12 55.10 9.78 7.05
Ramgarh 7.37 67.74 52.58 45.27 10.10 6.14
Ranchi 15.59 76.94 66.55 48.07 13.55 7.09
Sahibganj 1.63 33.48 44.54 38.38 2.94 0.39
Sariekela
3.25 68.54 58.94 43.03 3.80 3.48
Kharsawan
Simdega 1.48 63.59 42.63 40.31 1.16 0.98
Total 6.41 65.32 51.60 41.70 5.16 2.83
Source: Dashboard of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, GOI accessed in January, 2023
Health Facilities
Health for all is a basic human right and the initiatives to improve the health of its people.
government of Jharkhand has undertaken several
1. Medical Aid
This scheme provides assistance to poor families for the SC/OBC communities. In extremely critical
belonging to the ST/SC/OBC communities with cases, the power of sanctioning grants up to 10,000
immediate medical help. The provision of medical rupees for medical assistance has been delegated to
aid under this scheme is a maximum of 10000 rupees. the deputy commissioner. Following are the details
Under this scheme, the District Welfare Officer is of the medical aid provided in the last five years
authorized to sanction an amount upto 3000 rupees under the Medical Aid Scheme.
Table 15.18: Number of Beneficiaries under the Scheme of Medical Aid

District 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Hazaribagh 227 347 642 682 -
Simdega 358 124 264 230 -
Palamu 112 44 65 527 20
Lohardaga 162 112 225 74 -
Dhanbad 67 98 85 118 -
Khunti 175 399 334 104 -
Pakur 40 221 187 34 -
Garhwa 196 422 734 334
Deoghar 391 590 933 611
Jamtara 114 275 346 125 -
Sahebganj 90 31 474 149 -
Godda 408 805 969 1170
479
Latehar 123 167 115 176 28
Gumla 25 10 80 291 25
Ramgarh 246 951 186 272 80
Bokaro 7 11 10 9 3
Ranchi 414 299 414 1128 461
West Singhbhum 268 412 532 303 -
Dumka 500 498 745 479 9
Sariekela-Kharsawan 103 231 92 - -
Koderma 108 128 190 267 102
Chatra - 29 11 60 -
East Singhbhum 180 143 439 750 -
Source: Department of Health, Medical Education and Family Welfare, GOJ
2. Pahariya Health Scheme

The health condition among the tribals of Santhal PVTG community. There are 18 Pahariya healthcare
Parganas is poor. They often remain excluded sub-centres in the four districts of Santhal Parganas
from the mainstream society and find it difficult to with proper structural units and health staff including
access medical facilities. Keeping this in mind, a one auxillary nurse, one midwife, one MHW and one
Pahariya Health Sub-Centre was established by the doctor visiting every week to provide health services
department of welfare in the areas dominated by the in the tribal communities, particularly the Pahariya
Pahariya community to provide health services to the tribals.
Table 15.19: Number of Beneficiaries of Pahariya Health Centre

Location of Health
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Centres
Pakur
Mukripahar Nil 1912 1923 2224 1190
Badakhambi 1080 1427 1065 1777 1031
Sahebganj
Kulbhanga 3625 3485 3338 3368 2780
Amberi 1186 1863 2050 2550 2320
Dhamdhamia 1647 1374 1758 2330 2100
Chamdi 1303 1703 1180 2150 1925

Marakuti 1372 1219 1618 2480 1890
Magro 601 2308 2533 2270 2160
Dumka
Bhulpahar 1664 1897 1923 2070 1234
Sidhapahari 2071 2612 2662 2807 1371
Mahuagarhi 1542 1604 1506 1624 1195
480
Gardi 2955 1633 1604 1335 1352

Taaldangaal 1965 2464 2434 2294 1664
Chhatupara 1751 2104 2544 2348 1433
Ghoribad 2480 3020 4943 4303 1184
Uparmurgathali 2443 1999 1720 1321 1273
Godda
Rajapokhar, Boarijor 1270 1320 800 1000 1000
Saahpi, Sunderpahari 1160 960 750 600 1000
Source: Department of Health, Medical Education and Family Welfare, GOJ
3. Kalyan Hospitals in Jharkhand

Intending to provide free primary healthcare services the IPHS (Indian Public Health Standards) and are
to the underprivileged, especially to the Scheduled mostly located in the remote Naxalite-infested areas
Tribes residing in the state of Jharkhand, the welfare of Jharkhand. The services offered by the Kalyan
department of the government of Jharkhand has set hospitals include OPD services, in-patient services,
up 14 Kalyan Hospitals (formerly known as the Rural anaesthetic services, reproductive and child health
Hospitals or Meso Hospitals) in Jharkhand with an care, safe water supply and sanitation facilities,
indoor capacity of 50 beds each. The hospitals fulfil investigation services and outreach services.
Table 15.20: Kalyan Hospitals in Jharkhand

District Location Run by (Name of NGO)
Jonha Rinchi Trust
Ranchi
Tigra TRY
Jamtara Naala SANMAT
Kaathikund SANMAT
Dumka
Gando TRY
Khunti Arki Deepak Foundation
Lohardaga Basardih Vikas Bharti
Lododih Dynamic Tarang
West Singhbhum
Bada Chiru Citizen Foundation
Gumla Naagfeni Dynamic Tarang
Saraiekela-Kharsawan Kuchai Deepak Foundation
Sahebganj Pathna Citizen Foundation
Pakur Littipara Rinchi Trust
East Singhbhum Banmakri Vikas Bharti
Simdega Bano ICERT
Latehar Manachutang ICERT
Source: Department of Health, Medical Education & Family Welfare, GOJ
481
Box 15. 5: Centre allots 61 crores for research on genetic blood disorders among tribals
The government has decided to allocate 61 crore rupees for research through the Indian Council of
Medical Research (ICMR) to identify the bottlenecks as well as build a roadmap for identification,
sensitization and treatment of the tribal population for haematological diseases. The proposed research
project will kick off soon and will benefit people suffering from blood disorders as well as the population
vulnerable to developing the disease. A major tribal population in Jharkhand is vulnerable to these
diseases and prevalence of sickle cell anaemia is more in a few tribal dominated districts. Sickle cell
anaemia, one of a group of inherited blood disorders, is prevalent in three tribal-dominated districts of
Jharkhand and an ongoing study by the state health department suggests that due to lack of awareness
and late detection of the disease, it continues to be transferred to the next generation. According to the
state health department records, Gumla, Saraikela and Khunti are the three districts which have high
prevalence of the sickle cell anaemia. Around 11 per cent of the population in Gumla district, aged
between six and 29 years, have the disorder while it is five per cent each in the districts of Khunti and
Sariekela Kharsawan. Apart from this, Jamtara and Latehar, too, have five per cent and three per cent
prevalence of sickle cell anaemia among its population in the same age group.
ST Welfare Grants
16 centrally-sponsored projects in eight different games are ten, eight, seven and five crore rupees
sectors are operational in Jharkhand under the ST respectively. The sub-sector wise amount sanctioned
welfare grants. These sectors comprise of education, for the purpose comprises of infrastructure up-
art and culture, irrigation and watershed management, gradation, irrigation infrastructure development,
skill development and sports and games. While a indoor sports complex and agriculture. Overall, a total
total amount of 65 crores have been sanctioned for amount of 62.01 crore rupees has been sanctioned
the education sector, the amount sanctioned for the for these projects in the state. Tables 15.21 and 15.22
sectors of Art and culture, Irrigation and watershed shows the amounts sanctioned sector and sub-sector
management, skill development and sports and wise, respectively.
Table 15.21: Sector-Wise Amount Sanctioned

Sector Amount (in Cr.)
Education 64.74
Art and Culture 10.00
Irrigation & Watershed Management 7.50
Skill Development 7.00
Sports and Games 5.00
Livelihood 3.90
Drinking Water & PWS 2.06
Admin, R&D and M&E 2.00
Source: Dasboard of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs GOI accessed on December 29, 2022
Table 15.22: Sub-Sector Wise Amount Sanctioned

Sub-Sector Amount (in Cr.)
Infrastructure Development 48.95
Infrastructure Upgradation 32.79
Irrigation Infrastructure Development 7.50
482
Indoor Sports Complex 5.00

Agriculture 2.50
Rural Piped Water Supply 2.06
Monitoring and Evaluation 2.00
Farmer Service Centres 1.40
Source: Dasboard of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs GOI accessed on December 29, 2022
Safe and Adequate Drinking Water Facility

The rural drinking water supply scheme is aimed This has resulted in the provision of rural piped water
at providing every person in rural Jharkhand with schemes under Article 275(1), SCA to TSP under the
adequate and safe water for drinking, cooking and conservation cum development (CCD). HYDT Solar
other basic domestic needs. The scheme focuses on Drinking water systems have been established in 15
the creation of proper infrastructure to ensure the districts so far.
provision of safe water, readily accessible at all times.
Housing
Birsa Awas Yojana
The Welfare department of the government of facilities to the households belonging to the PVTG
Jharkhand has been implementing the Birsa Awas category with a one hundred per cent grant to the tune
Yojana since the formation of the state. The objective of 131500 rupees per housing rent.
of this scheme is to provide access to housing
Table 15.23: Number of Housing units sanctioned under the Birsa Awaas Yojana
Year Total no. of Units Sanctioned
2015-16 599
2016-17 397
2017-18 1022
2018-19 4519
2019-20 2465
2020-21 275
2021-22 205
Source: Department of Rural Development, GOJ
Shaheed Gram Vikas Yojana

During 2017-18, the department had launched a villages of the martyrs – Birsa Munda, Gaya Munda,
scheme called the Shaheed Gram Vikas Yojana. Jatra Tana Bhagat, Veer Budhu Bhagat, Siddhu-
The key objective of this scheme is to pay tribute to Kanhu-Chand-Bhairav, Nilamber-Pitambar, Diva-
the tribal martyrs who had faught in the Indian war Kishun, Telanga Kharia, Bhagirathi Manjhi and Poto
of independence against the British. The scheme Ho. Housing, drinking water, solar electricity, lift
envisages offering tribute by developing their places irrigation, renovation of memorial sites/statues and
of birth as model villages. Under this scheme, other need-based infrastructure are being provided
housing, water supply, solar electrification and other by the government in these villages.
basic infrastructure are being strengthened in the
483
Table 15.24: Details of birth places of the Martyrs being developed as model villages
No. of Housing Units
Name of the Martyr(s) District Village
sanctioned till Oct’21
Bhagwan Birsa Munda Khunti Ulihatu 136
Gaya Munda Khunti Etkedih 46
Veer Budhu Bhagat Ranchi Silagai 100
Sidhu-Kanhu Sahebganj Bhognadih 67
Nilamber-Pitamber Garhwa Madgarhi 172
Telanga – Kharia Gumla Murgu 39
Jatra Tana Bhagat Gumla Chingri-Nawatoli 197
Murgu, Chingri 50
Devva Soren Saraikela-Kharsawan Dibadih 136
Kishun Murmu Saraikela-Kharsawan Gumidpur 147
Poto Ho West Singhbhum Rajabassa 35
Bhagirathi Manjhi Godda Taradiha 138
Source: Department of ST, SC, Minority and BC Welfare, GOJ
Skill Development
Kalyan Gurukul is a flagship programme of the such as construction, manufacturing, logistics,
PReJHA foundation. The objective of PReJHA infrastructure and appararel. The PReJHA foundation
Foundation is to set up at least one Kalyan Gurukul has around 22 Kalyan Gurukuls operational across
to enhance skills among the youth and ensure the state that is providing skill training to women
their profitable employment. Managed by the ex- and youngsters from the SC, ST and minority
serviceman of the Military Engineering Services, communities. The gurukul is a multi-trade skill
Kalyan Gurukuls reflect the values and culture of development centre to facilitate skill learning and
the ancient Indian Gurukul system of education. to increase opportunities for the employment of the
Gurukuls are full-time, short-term, residential skill backward communities.
development centres imparting training in sectors
Table 15.25: Progress of Training and Placement under the Kalyan Gurukuls
Details SC ST BC Total
FY 17-18 Trained 66 411 211 688
FY 17-18 Placed 56 350 161 567
FY 18-19 Trained 174 1669 715 2558
FY 18-19 Placed 161 1520 679 2360
FY 19-20 Trained 182 2166 641 2989
FY 19-20 Placed 137 1713 502 2352
FY 20-21 Trained 109 1349 302 1760
FY 20-21 Placed 92 1239 270 1601
FY 21-22 Trained Nil Nil Nil Nil
FY 21-22 Placed Nil Nil Nil Nil
N.B. The beneficiaries from the minority communities have been reckoned under the relevant heads of SC/ST/BC to avoid duplicity.
484
Kaushal Colleges
Realizing the need to boost vocational (skill based) training as per the requirement of different sectors.
education on a large scale, the government of Kaushal colleges for women have also been set up
Jharkhand has set up Kaushal colleges across the across the state to train deserving young tribal girls in
state for the minority communities. Every Kaushal world class trades that will not only empower them
college will have best in industry class standards of to get jobs across the world but also enable them to
infrastructure to give minds-on (knowledge), hands- start a business of their own after the completion of
on (skill) experience to the students at these colleges. their training.
The focus would be at giving end-to-end trade skill
Table 15.26: Description of Kaushal Colleges

Name and Location District
ANM Nursing Kaushal College, Masamo, Chanho Ranchi
ANM Nursing Kaushal College, Itki Ranchi
ANM Nursing Kaushal College, Amla Tola, Chaibasa West Singhbhum
ANM Nursing Kaushal College, Gumla Gumla
ANM Nursing Kaushal College, Rajnagar Saraikela – Kharswan
ANM Nursing Kaushal College, Bhogandih, Barhait Sahebganj
ANM Nursing Kaushal College, Jamtara Jamtara
ANM Nursing Kaushal College, Latehar Latehar
ANM Nursing Kaushal College, Nagratoli, Ranchi Ranchi
Table 15.27: No. of Beneficiaries of Kaushal Colleges (till Sept.’ 21)

Type of Kaushal College SC ST BC Minority Total
Nursing Kaushal College 98 1332 445 520 2395
ITI Kaushal College 13 170 49 63 295
BOX: 15.6: 1984 tribal girls from Jharkhand employed by TATA

A total of 1984 tribal girls from Jharkhand, all between 18 and 20 years of age, have been recruited by
Tata Electronics Private Limited, a company by the Tata group, to work in its component manufacturing
factory situated in Hosur of Tamil Nadu. These girls belong to four districts of the state viz. Khunti, West
Singhbhum, Sariekela-Kharsawan and Simdega. From the special recruitment drive of the Ministry of
Tribal Affairs, government of India and Tata Electronics Limited, initiated by the Union Tribal Affairs
Minister Arjun Munda, 1984 girls were selected from the 2600 who participated in the drive. Amongst the
selected lot, 428 belonged to Khunti, 152 to Sariekela Kharsawan, 891 to Simdega and 513 to Chaibasa
districts. All the recruited girls shall have the opportunity to pursue a degree in Bachelors of Science after
they had worked for an year with the company. Arrangements will also be made to give this degree to
the girls from Arts and Commerce background by means of a bridge course. The company shall also run
courses in yoga and spoken English under skill development.
485
Box 15. 7: Union Minister Sri Arjun Munda rolls out country’s first pearl farming scheme from Arki block
Arki block in Khunti district of the state has become the first block in the country to start pearl farming
under the centre’s Van-Dhan scheme. The roll-out of the program from Khunti is testimony to the
government’s commitment towards the welfare of tribals. The program is being undertaken by TRIFED,
an entity of the Union tribal ministry, to promote market linkage to Adivasi farmers through various
interventions to help them get a better income from the forest and the minor forest produces. The
entire project cost is initially pegged at 15 lakh rupees. To begin with, pearl cultivation will take place
in a water body, sized 40x40 feet and will be done by a group of 300 farmers comprising several
self-help groups. Pearl cultivation is the largest aquaculture business which has immense potential to
significantly improve farmers’ income and their livelihood. TRIFED also plans to set up van-dhan
centres for capacity building and marketing of the pearls. As per the plan, initially 25 van-dhan centres
are proposed to be set up.
The pilgrimage of Haj and the Minority Community

A Jharkhand minority committee has been formed the Haj pilgrimage whereas in 2019, 2094 persons
for the welfare of religious minority communities. In were sent for it. Table 15.28 depicts the details of the
the years 2020 and 2021, no persons were sent for number of Haj pilgrims.
Table 15.28: No. of Haj Pilgrims

Year No. of Male Pilgrims No. of Female Pilgrims Total
2018 1531 1089 2620
2019 1220 874 2094
2020 Nil Nil Nil
2021 Nil Nil Nil
2022 Nil Nil Nil
Initiatives in the domain of sports

Considering the potential of the tribal community in training centre, Austro turf facilities, residential girls
the field of sports, initiatives have also been taken volleyball training centre and also for the construction
by the state government towards the construction of indoor sports complex.
of sports hostel, hostel for residential hockey
Conclusion
Inclusive development would be possible and of Jharkhand to bring about an improvement in the
meaningful only when development is woven around condition of the underprivileged communities and
all sections of the society, especially those belonging to equip them with social, cultural and economic
to the underprivileged section. This chapter offers capital so that they can freely and fully participate in
a glimpse of the demographic status and the the tasks of development of the state and can benefit
current state of affairs of those belonging to the from the same. Commendable work has been done
underprivileged section in Jharkhand. It goes on to in this direction. However, the achievements should
discuss the various constitutional and legal remedies not result in complacency. Rather the state needs to
that have been devised to empower underprivileged keep striving towards fulfilling the aspirations of all
communities. The chapter also highlights the sections of society, especially the underprivileged,
different programs, schemes and remedies that have who have for generations been denied the fruits of
been framed and are being implemented by the growth and development in their state.
government of India and in particular the government
486
Chapter 16
Natural Resources: Forest, Water and
Mineral Resources
487
Jharkhand is home to a wealth of natural resources. different places of the state. Jharkhand is among the
It is rich in forest reserves, water, land, and minerals. leading states in the country in the production of coal.
Several types of timber and non-timber forest produce The recent efforts of the government of Jharkhand to
from the forests of the state are the lifeline of many harness hydel, solar and wind energy resources have
industries that are forest based Similarly, minerals proved very productive and the production of energy
like coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, bauxite, from the renewable sources is increasing significantly
uranium and limestone are available in abundance at in the state.
Introduction
Proper development and conservation of natural recent progress made by the state in conserving and
resources is the key to sustainable economic developing its natural resources under the following
development for a state such as Jharkhand. The state heads: A. Forest Resources, B. Mineral Resources,
is rich in forest resources and minerals. It also has C. Water Resources and D. Renewable Energy
plenty of scope for the development of renewable Resources.
energy resources. The present chapter describes the
A. Forest Resources
Nature has endowed Jharkhand with rich forest very productive and the commonly extracted forest
resources. Tropical moist deciduous and tropical dry products in the state are timber, fuel wood, fodder
deciduous forests are commonly found in the state. and a range of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs)
The different varieties of trees which dominate the such as fruits, nuts, edible fungi, vegetables, animals
forests of Jharkhand include sal (shorearobusta), and medicinal plants,resins, essences and a range
tendu (diospyros melanoxylon), vijaysar (pterocarpus of barks and fibers such as bamboo, rattans, palms
marsupium), agnishikha or glory lily (gloriosa and grasses. Following is a brief description of the
superba), palash (butea monosperma) and mahua present status and variation over time in the forest
(madhuca longifolia). The forest of Jharkhand is resources of the state:
Forest and Tree Cover

At present, about 29.76 per cent of the state’s in the total forest cover has also changed between the
geographical area is under forest cover which includes years 2019 and 2021 from 15, 44 and 40 per cent
about 3.26 per cent of very dense forest (VDF), about to 11, 41 and 48 per cent, respectively. Thus, there
12.15 per cent of moderately dense forest (MDF) and has been a decline in the proportion of VDF and
about 14.34 per cent of open forest (OF). In terms of MDF. However, the proportion of OF has increased
the total forest cover, the proportion of VDF, MDF significantly (figure- 16.1).
and OF is 11, 41 and 48 per cent, respectively. As
The total forest cover of the state which includes
compared with the ISFR report for the year 2019,
forests in the recorded forest area and forests outside
the total forest cover as per cent of the state's total
the recorded forest area has increased by about 11.29
geographical area has increased by about three
per cent between the years 2019 and 2021. During
percentage points in the year 2021. This increase
this period forests under the recorded forest area
in the total forest cover is mainly there in the open
have increased by about 32.32 per cent whereas,
forest which has increased by about 3.5 percentage
forests under the outside recorded forest area have
points during that period. During the same period,
declined by 4.93 percent. About 3.6 per cent of the
there has been a marginal increase in the moderately
total geographical area of the state is under tree
dense forest. However, the very dense forest has
cover which has also increased by about 7.9 per cent
declined by about 0.79 percentage points during the
between the years 2019 and 2021 (figure- 16.2).
same period. The proportion of VDF, MDF and OF
489
Natural Resources: Forest, Water and Mineral Resources
Figure- 16.1: An Analysis of the Proportional Distribution of Forest Cover in Jharkhand
Source: India State of Forest Report 2021
Forest Cover Change Matrix for Jharkhand

The ‘forest cover change matrix’ is a very good tool the very dense forest row, it can be inferred that it
to observe the inter-transactional changes between has depleted by 28 square kilometers (23 square
forest and non-forest areas and among the different kilometers to moderately dense forest three square
classes of forests. Figure- 16.3 shows the forest cover kilometers to open forest and two square kilometers
change matrix for Jharkhand between the years 2017 to non-forest). However, if we read the very dense
and 2021. A look at the last row of figure-16.3, reveals forest (VDF) column, it can be inferred that it has
that about 83 square kilometers of the non-forest area increased by 31 square kilometers on account of
has been converted into the forest area between the conversion of other class of forest into the very dense
2019 and 2021 assessment period. The forest cover forest (27 square kilometers from moderately dense
has increased by 162 square kilometers in the open forest three square kilometers from open forest and
forest category and three-square kilometers each in one square kilometers from non-forest). Thus, it
the very dense and moderately dense forest category. leaves a net gain of about three square kilometers in
The scrubs have shrunk by 85 square kilometers the very dense forest category. All the other rows can
during this period. In the same way, just by reading be read similarly.
490
Figure- 16.2: An Analysis of the Distribution of Forest and Tree Cover in Jharkhand
Figure- 16.3: Forest Cover Change Matrix for Jharkhand (in square kilometers)
Forest cover change matrix for Jharkhand (in sq. km.)
2021 assessment
Class of Forest VDF MDF OF Scrubs NF Total
ISFR 2017
Very dense forest (VDF) 2570 23 3 0 2 2598
Moderately dense forest (MDF) 27 9588 37 1 33 9686
Open forest (OF) 3 48 11073 4 141 11269
Scrubs 0 1 69 537 62 669
Non-forest (NF) 1 29 249 42 55173 55494
Total ISFR 2021 2601 9689 11431 584 55411 79716
Net change 3 3 162 -85 -83
Source: India State of Forest Report 2019 and 2021
491
District-Wise Forest Cover
Figure- 16.4 shows the present status of the district-wise There has been a net increase in the total forest cover
distribution of forest cover in the state. Here all districts in the state by about 109.79 square kilometers between
have been grouped into different categories based on the years 2019 and 2021. During this period, the
their forest cover as per cent of the total geographical open forest and moderately dense forest increased by
area of the district. Accordingly, Jamtara, Deoghar about 109.39 and 1.55 square kilometers respectively
and Dhanbad belong to the less than 11 per cent forest whereas the very dense forest declined by about 2.15
cover category whereas more than 40 per cent of the square kilometers. In terms of district-wise distribution
geographical area of Latehar, West Singhbhum and of the changes in the forest cover, Garhwa has recorded
Koderma are covered with forests. The district which the maximum gain of about 40.13 square kilometers
has the maximum forest cover in the state is Latehar followed by Palamu (14.95) and Hazaribagh (10.42)
(56 percent). Similarly, Jamtara (5.58 percent) has the during the same period (figure- 16.5).
minimum forest cover in the state.
Figure- 16.4: Present Status of the District-Wise Distribution of Forest Cover in Jharkhand
492
Figure- 16.5: District-Wise Change in the Total Forest Cover between the years 2019 and
2021 (area in sq. km.)
Forest Cover in the Tribal Districts

The Forest Survey of India (FSI) regularly assesses total forest cover of the state. The total forest cover
the forest cover in tribal districts under the between 2019 to 2021 has increased by about 80
Integrated Tribal Development Programme (ITDP) square kilometers in the tribal districts. During this
of the government of India. At present, 17 of the 24 period, Latehar, Lohardaga and Pakur registered a
districts of the state are tribal dominated districts fall in the forest cover (figure- 16.6).
which account for about 73.61 per cent of the total
geographical area and about 73.86 per cent of the
493
Figure- 16.6: An Analysis of the Distribution of Forest Cover in Tribal Districts of Jharkhand
An Analysis of Fire Prone Forests in Jharkhand

In general, the forests in Jharkhand does not have November 2020 to June 2021 as per MODIS detection
major problems of forest fire and about 71 per cent technique. As per the SNPP-VIIRS detections of the
of the total forest cover of state fall under ‘less fire number of forest fires between November 2020 to
prone forest class’. However, there has been increase June 2021, the state stood fifth in the country among
in the number of forest fires in the state in recent the top ten states and West Singhbhum obtained sixth
times. There were about 101 incidents of forest fire rank in the country among the top twenty districts
detected in the state between November 2019 to June (table- 16.1).
2020 and about 1,563 incidents of forest fire between
Table- 16.1: An Analysis of Fire Prone Forest in Jharkhand
Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover As per cent of the total
(Area in sq. km.) Forest Cover
Extremely Fire Prone 47.36 0.2
Very Highly Fire Prone 480.45 2.0
Highly Fire Prone 2159.16 9.1
Moderately Fire Prone 4227.02 17.8
494
Forest Fire Prone Classes Forest Cover As per cent of the total
(Area in sq. km.) Forest Cover
Less Fire Prone 16807.01 70.85
Total 23721 100
No. of Forest Fire Detected by Between November 2019 Between November

to June 2020 2020 to June 2021
MODIS Detections 101 1563
SNPP-VIIRS Detections 2613 21713
District with highest number of forest fire detected as per SNPP-VIIRS: 4553
West Singhbhum
People and Forest

The forests of Jharkhand are very productive. Both cultural lives of the people inhabiting these villages.
timber and non- timber forest products are procured Table-16.2 shows the details of various forest produce
from the forests of Jharkhand. Apart from the small in Jharkhand. Several types of minor forest products
and medium industries dependent on forest for like chironji, mahua, sal, karanj and medicinal plants
their raw materials, the lives of a large number of like are Arjun chhal, van tulsi seeds, harra and
people,especially, rural people, is largely dependent chakor are procured in significant quantities from the
upon these forest products. People depend on forests forests of the state. Bamboo is an important source of
for fuelwood, fodder, small timber, bamboo and livelihood for rural people and the stock of bamboo is
NTFPs (forests and non-timber forest products). growing in the state. The total bamboo growing area
Villages located in proximity to forest areas are is 3,717 square kilometers in Jharkhand as per the
called forest fringe villages (FFVs) and forests also 2021 assessment of the forest survey of India.
play an important role in the socio-economic and
Table- 16.2: Non- Timber Forest Products in Jharkhand
Minor Forest Products* Medicinal Plant Parts*
Names Current production Names Current production

(approximate quantity in (approximate quantity
metric Tonnes) in metric Tonnes)
Lac Arjun chhal 10
Chironji 1000 Sarapgandha 15
Oil seeds Kalmegh 50
Mahua 50000 Indrajou 1
Karanj 10000 Bahera fruits 10
Sal 100000 Amala fruits 10
495
Minor Forest Products* Medicinal Plant Parts*
Names Current production Names Current production

(approximate quantity in (approximate quantity
metric Tonnes) in metric Tonnes)
Kusum 5000 Sona chhal 1
Oil seeds Total 165000 Satavar 55
Dhou Flower 2
Harra 500
Chirata -
Nagarmotha 5
Van Tulsi 450

seeds
Palash flower 1000
Chakor 50000
Medicinal 52109
Total
Estimation of Dependence of People in Forest Fringe Villages on Forests in Jharkhand
ISFR fuel wood (000 Fodder (000 Small Bamboo (000 tonnes)
tonnes) tonnes) timber
(cum)
2019 7372 55482 183240 50.54
Population in Average removal per capita/per annum

FFV (projected
2019 for 2019) fuel wood fodder small Bamboo
(tonnes) (tonnes) timber (tonnes)
(cum)
18843815 0.391 7.866 0.01 0.011
Assessment Year- 2011 2017 2019 2021
Bamboo bearing areas (square kilometers) 3603 4470 4123 3717

Source: *Addl. PCCF, Development, Jharkhand, Ranchi and ISFR-2011, 2017, 2019 and 2021
496
Box- 16.1: Some Important Forest Based Industries in Jharkhand
1. Sericulture (Silk) Industry: Jharkhand continues to be the leading producer of Tasar silk in the
country. About 70 to 80 per cent of the country’s total production of silk comes from Jharkhand.
Tasar culture is a forest-based industry which provides employment to lakhs of poor and indegenious
people in the state who have no other vocation. According to estimates, about 3.5 lakh people in the
country are engaged in the tasar based activities and about 2.2 lakh of them are from Jharkhand.
2. Lac Industry: Lac cultivation is an important livelihood option for the forest dwellers in
Jharkhand. The state also has many lac processing units. Lac culture, being alabour-oriented activity,
provides ample opportunity for employment. Jharkhand is the biggest lac producing state in India
and accounts for more than 50 per cent of the national produce. Out of seven major lac producing
districts of Jharkhand, Ranchi holds top position followed by Simdega, Gumla, West Singhbhum,
Palamau, Garhwa, Latehar and others.
3. Kendu Leaves Based Industries: Kendu is one of the most valuable NTFPs found in Jharkhand.
In Jharkhand, JSFDC is responsible for collection and trading of kendu leaves in a systematic and
organized manner. For this purpose, the whole forest area of the state is divided into 300 units called
lots. Tendu leaves are plucked by the tribal and the ‘Munshi’ supervises the drying of the leaves. The
process of drying takes around 9-10 days after which standard bags are made, each consisting of
1000 bundles. These lots are auctioned to the contractors prior to the collection season.
4. Herbal and Medicine Industry:Jharkhand lacks a herbal medicine industry and a major quantities
of herbal plants and produce are supplied to the industries located in West Bengal. More than 1500
ethno medicinal plants are found in Jharkhand. Some of the popular medicinal plants of Jharkhand
are Tulsi, Amla, Ashok, Ashwagandha, Bael/Bilva, Guluchi/Giloe, Calihari/Panchangulia Glori,
Makoi/Kakamachi, SarpaGandha, Satavari, Gritkumari,Vringraj, Neem, etc.
5. Sal Plates Manufacturing Industry: Sal leaf is one of the most important NTFPs collected and
processed in Jharkhand. Plate making with sal leaves is a popular and widely practiced household
activity for livelihood sustenance among the tribal and other rural households in the state.
6. Bamboo Based Industries: Groves of bamboo clumps are relatively common in Jharkhandand
largely found in the forest areas on the hilly slopes of the plateau region. People use these bamboos
for making beds, carpets, baskets, tokri, sup, hand-fans,prasad and flowers carriers for temples,
packing cases for vegetables and fruits, as a fencing in the fields in order to protect the crops from
grazing, hut making, roof making, thatching, lathi, etc. Bamboo is found in abundance in Dumka,
Gumla and East Singhbhum districts of Jharkhand. Across the state,mainly inGiridih,Goda, Dumka,
Pakur, Sahibganj and Jamtara, training-cum-production centres have provided livelihoods for some
2,000 families.
7. Timber Industry: Timber is a renewable, sustainable, attractive, strong, durable and cost-effective
natural building material that combines beauty, superior performance and environmental advantage.
The timber resources support the daily livelihood needs of the tribal and rural people of Jharkhand in
terms of housingand fencing materials, poles, utensils, ornamental and decorative purposes, musical
instruments, agricultural implements, carving woods, furniture, fuelwood, charcoal,kindling,
medicines etc.
497
Sustainable Forestry: Reforestation and Afforestation
Sustainable forestry is the practice of managing which are an important source of livelihood for many
forests in a way that meets the needs of present and local communities as well as a crucial component
future generations while maintaining the ecological of the state's ecology and biodiversity. The state
integrity of the forests. It is an approach to managing government has implemented several policies and
forest resources that balances the economic, social programs aimed at promoting sustainable forestry
and environmental needs of the present and the future. in the state. Following is a brief account of some of
In Jharkhand, sustainable forestry has become an those programs:
important issue due to the state's rich forest resources
Mukhyamantri Jan Van Yojana

This scheme aims to reduce the pressure on the Figures- 16.7 and 16.8 show the progress of the
notified forests of the state along with increasing plantation drive under this scheme in the state.
the means of income of the farmers by encouraging About 31.1 lakh saplings have been planted during
plantation on private land for increasing the green area the financial years 2020-21 and 2021-22 (till August
in the state. Through this program, the inhabitants of 2022) in the state. This includes about 33.4 per cent
the village are encouraged to plant trees on their own of the fruit saplings and about 66.6 per cent of the
land and along the edges of the farms. The forest timber saplings.
department used to pay them a proportion of the cost
In the year 2021-22, the plantation drive was a little
associated with planting and maintaining the trees as
slow. However, in the year 2021-22, there has been
an incentive. The program also provides a subsidy of
a massive increase in it. During the year, about 9.04
three-quarters of the cost for tree planting. Under this
lakhs of fruit saplings and about 18.61 lakhs of
scheme, 75 percent of the fixed cost amount is given
timber saplings have been planted. This year, the
to the person having proper ownership according to
social forest division of Dumka district has planted
the revenue records as incentive.
the highest number of saplings.
This scheme has been very successful in the state.
Box- 16.2: 73rd Van Mahotsava, 2022 and 5 Units of Free Electricity for Planting Trees
The 73rd Van Mahotsav 2022 program was held in Pundag, Jharkhand on Friday, July22, 2022.The
Chief Minister of Jharkhand attended the event as the chief guest. During the event, he announced
that households and commercial spaces in Jharkhand will get five units of free electricity for each tree
planted and nurtured in their campus.
Jharkhand is being provided with biodiversity parks at Chakulia, Giridih, Sahebganj and Dumka in
order to promote environmental protection. He expressed pride in the fact that the first and only fossil
park in the state has been opened up for public. This park holds various relics and details about the
beginning of the earth.
498
Figure- 16.7: Number of Plants planted under the Mukhyamantri Jan Van Yojana for the Financial
Year 2020-21 and 2021-22
499
Figure- 16.8: Number of Plants planted under the Mukhyamantri Jan Van Yojana in the last four Financial Year
Source: The Department of Forest, Government of Jharkhand. * 2021-22 Data collected till month of August 2022
Nadi Mahotsav and Vrihat Vrikchharopan Abhiyan

Every year, the department of Forest, Environment and massive plantation drives are depicted through figure-
Climate Change, government of Jharkhand holds the 16.9. During the last years, more than 4.22 crore
Nadi Mahotsava and Vrihat Vrikchharopan Abhiyan, sapling have been planted under such afforestation
which are large-scale tree-planting initiatives. initiative in the state. During the year 2022, about
The purpose of these events is to safeguard rivers, 1.2 crore saplings have been planted which is about
preserve their banks from unauthorized occupation, 22.32 per cent higher than the previous year. In the
increase the area of greenery and motivate people current year, Dumka forest division has secured first
to participate in afforestation and climate change position with about 11 per cent (13,54,080) of total
activities via merriment, festivities, and rewards. plantation followed by Ranchi and Jamshedpur with
about 9.4 per cent (11,39,704) and about 8.7 per cent
The forest-division-wise-plantation records of these
(10,47,240) respectively.
The Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA)

The Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management activities in the state. One of the main objectives of
and Planning Authority (CAMPA) was established CAMPA in Jharkhand is to compensate for the loss
in 2004 by the Ministry of Environment and Forests of forest cover caused by diversion of forest land
to manage compensatory afforestation funds. It for non-forestry purposes. This is done by using the
is an autonomous body established by the Indian funds generated from compensatory afforestation to
government to manage and utilize funds generated undertake afforestation and reforestation activities in
from compensatory afforestation for the purpose the state. This helps to increase the forest cover in
of afforestation, regeneration and improvement of the state and promote sustainable forestry. It plays
forests, wildlife, and biodiversity. The funds are an important role in promoting the participation of
created from the money received from user agencies local communities in afforestation and conservation
towards compensatory afforestation, additional activities. This is done by involving local communities
compensatory afforestation, penal compensatory in the planning, implementation and management of
afforestation and net present value of the diverted afforestation and conservation activities which helps
forest land or catchment area treatment plan. to ensure that these activities are better tailored to the
needs of local communities and that development
In 2009, the Government of Jharkhand created
decisions are made more democratically.
a full-fledged CAMPA wing, responsible for
the effective implementation and monitoring of The CAMPA in Jharkhand also provides livelihood
CAMPA in the state. In Jharkhand, CAMPA plays generation opportunities through the promotion of
an important role in promoting sustainable forestry non-timber forest products (NTFPs), collection,
through the management and utilization of funds marketing and eco-tourism activities which helps
generated from compensatory afforestation. It is to create income-generating opportunities for local
responsible for managing the funds collected from communities and provide them with an economic
various industries and developmental projects for incentive to conserve and protect the forests.
compensatory afforestation and forest conservation
500
Figure- 16.9: Number of plants planted in the last four years across the Forest Division of the State
Source: Addl. PCCF, Development, Ranchi, Jharkhand
501
Activities of Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA)
Table- 16.3 shows the expenditure summary of compensatory afforestation during the same period
CAMPA Funds in Jharkhand from the year 2009-10 (Table- 16.4). The diverted land has been used for
to 2022-23. At present, the cumulative funds released various purposes such as roads/bridges (52.48 per
by the government of India to Jharkhand is about cent), mining (30.67 per cent) and transmission line
5,211 crore rupees. During this period about 23.85 (7 per cent) (table- 16.5). In the financial year 2021-
thousand crore plants were also planted through 22, about 14 projects were undertaken and about
the CAMPA funds in the state. By the end of the eight hundred hectares of land have been diverted.
financial year of 2022, about 247 Forest conservation However, about two thousand hectares of land have
Act (FCA) projects were undertaken and about 58.6 also been received for the compensatory afforestation
thousand hectares of forest land were diverted for during the current financial year. The maximum land
the purpose of these projects. However, about 6.6 (about 596 hectares) diverted in the current financial
thousand hectares of land were also received for year was in mining (table- 16.6).
Table- 16.3: Expenditure Summary of CAMPA Funds (all amounts are in lakhs)
Total No. of Estimates

Total Expenditure Registered
Funds Registered Total
Year Released Plants
by GOI Plantation Other Planted
Total Plantations Others Total
Works Works
2022-23 0 32 1 33 0 0 0 0
2021-22 0 94 35 129 0 45 45 0
2020-21 0 210 370 580 33.4 84 117.4 249900
2019-20 415802 192 259 451 63.1 125.8 188.8 422287
2018-19 0 193 360 553 108.2 178.1 286.3 356524
2017-18 13400 230 536 766 53.9 57.7 111.6 772523
2016-17 14900 287 111 398 183.1 0 183.1 166600
2015-16 14100 172 232 404 345.3 45 390.3 106624
2014-15 17500 130 579 709 6.7 167.5 174.2 98092
2013-14 9750 115 428 543 31.3 99.4 130.8 213248
2012-13 9596 97 425 522 36.4 71.4 107.8 0
2011-12 6249.9 79 159 238 2.5 56.7 59.2 0
2010-11 10316.2 30 370 400 5 162.2 167.2 0
2009-10 9500.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 521114.4 1861 3865 5726 868.9 1092.8 1961.7 2385798

Source: e-Green Watch (https://egreenwatch.nic.in/WorksAndEstimate/Public/Reports/rpt_Year_Wise_Expendature_Summary_Of_
Campa_Fund.aspx)
502
Table- 16.4: Year-Wise Details of Lands Received for Compensatory Afforestation against Forest
Conservation Act (FCA) Projects (Since 2003)
Land Diverted Land Received for CA
Financial Year No. of FCA projects
(In Ha.) (In Ha.)
2022 14 813.283 2034.363
2021 19 495.216 184.868
2020 5 444.539 107.583
2019 3 201.72 13.450
2018 3 257.231 0
2017 4 72.166 1.246
2016 7 430.008 108.464
2015 2 16.9 0
2014 3 346.7 32.880
2013 4 190.03 30
2012 27 4065.493 589.255
2011 27 894.407 15.59
2010 51 38108.026 1826.864
2009 23 2435.48 463.44
2008 15 2886.78 261.04
2007 11 2986.16 3.480
2006 9 1272.772 400
2005 8 817.029 91.8
2004 9 1307.77 0
2003 3 587.06 476.510
Total 247 58628.77 6640.113
Source: e-Green Watch (https://egreenwatch.nic.in/FCAProjects/Public/Rpt_FCA_Received_Lands.aspx)
Table- 16.5: Project-Wise details of Lands Received for Compensatory Afforestation against Forest
Conservation Act (FCA) (since 2003)
Land Diverted Percentage to Land Received As per cent to
Type of Project
(In Ha.) total for CA (In Ha.) total
Road/Bridge 30741.008 52.480 61.701 0.936
Mining 17966.718 30.672 4436.335 67.304
Transmission
4103.46 7.005 939.812 14.258
Line
Railway 2218.498 3.787 569.824 8.644
Thermal 1829.1 3.122 494.91 7.508
503
Land Diverted Percentage to Land Received As per cent to

Type of Project
(In Ha.) total for CA (In Ha.) total
Irrigation 146.977 0.250 0 0.000
Defense 1159.8 1.980 63.18 0.958
Others 135.548 0.231 15.408 0.233
GAS Pipeline 254.943 0.435 8.985 0.136
Encroachments 19.563 0.033 1.246 0.018
Total 58575.615 100.00 6591.401 100.00
Source: e-Green Watch (https://egreenwatch.nic.in/FCAProjects/Public/Rpt_FCA_Received_Lands.aspx
Table- 16.6: Division-Wise Details of Lands Received for Compensatory Afforestation against FCA
Projects in the FY 2022
Land Land
Project Name Division Type of Project Diverted Received for
(In Ha.) CA (In Ha.)
Reserve Battalion of Boarder

Ranchi Defence 63.20 31.590
Security Force(BSF)
Acquisition of Land for Reserve

Ranchi Defence 63.20 31.590
Battalion
Augmentation and strengthening of

drinking water supply scheme for Drinking Water
Saraikela 4.490 4.490
Adityapur Municipal Corporation Pipeline
in the State of Jharkhand.
Diversion of 249.90 ha of forest

land for coal mining project in West
Jamshedpur Mining 56.864 249.90
Bokaro colliery in favour of m/s
Tata Steel Limited. (coal mining)

Porahat Mining 28.174 249.90

land for coal mining project in West Hazaribagh
Mining 24.579 249.90
Bokaro colliery in favour of m/s East

Bokaro Mining 7.911 249.90
504
Land Land
Project Name Division Type of Project Diverted Received for
(In Ha.) CA (In Ha.)

Giridih East Mining 59.910 249.90

Giridih East Railway 3.50 1.514
Corporation of India Limited

Lohardaga Mining 51.109 249.90
66 kV Transmission Line from

Godda TPP to Water Intake System Godda Transmission Line 25.00 25.00
at Sahibganj

Medaninnagar Mining 21.350 249.90
400 kV D/C North Karanpura to

Latehar Transmission Line 57.00 28.485
Chandwa Transmission Line
Tubed Coal Mine Latehar Mining 347.00 162.394
Total 813.287 2034.363

Source: e-Green Watch (https://egreenwatch.nic.in/FCAProjects/Public/Rpt_FCA_Received_Lands.aspx
B. Mineral Resources
Jharkhand is one of the richest mineral zones of the in coal reserves, second in iron, third in copper ore
world. About 40 per cent of the total mineral reserves reserves, seventh in bauxite reserves and is the sole
and 29 per cent of the total coal reserves of the producer of prime coking coal in the country. The
country are deposited in Jharkhand. Due to its large other important minerals, available in huge quantities
mineral reserves, mining and mineral extraction are in the state are- limestone, dolomite, manganese,
the major industries in the state. In the financial year mica, china clay, graphite, soap stone, fire clay, coal
2020-21, the mining and quarrying sector contributed bed methane, uranium, phosphorite, apatite, quartz,
about 8.9 per cent of the State's Gross State Value feldspar, gold and pyroxenite.
Added (GSVA). Jharkhand occupies the first position
Total Mineral/Ore Resources in Jharkhand

Table-16.7 and 16.8 presents a mineral/ore-wise 66,454 thousand tonnes of Fire Clay, about 1.7 crore
estimate of total resources in Jharkhand. As per the tonnes of graphite, about 76 lakh tonnes of kyanite,
latest estimates (01/04/2015), Jharkhand has reserves 83,000 tonnes of sillimanite and 7.2 lakh thousand
of about 53 lakh thousand tonnes of iron ore, about tonnes of limestone. It should also be noted here
81 thousand million tonnes of coal, about 3 lakh that, Jharkhand has registered an increase in the total
thousand tonnes of copper ore, about 16.6 lakh kg mineral/ore resources in the year 2015 in comparison
of mica, about 2.3 lakh thousand tonnes of bauxite, to the estimates of the year 2000, except for fire clay.
505
Table-16.7: Mineral/Ore Reserves in Jharkhand (As on 1st April, 2015)
Sl. Remaining Total

Mineral Unit Reserves
No. Resources Resources
1 Andalusite …. 0 4001 4001
2 Apatite tonnes 0 7270000 7270000
3 Asbestos tonnes 0 154893 154893
4 Bauxite thousand tonnes 62740 176321 239061
5 Chromite …. 0 736 736
6 Cobalt million tonnes 0 9 9
7 Copper metal thousand tonnes 81.87 3193.53 3275.4
8 Copper ore thousand tonnes 7314 288074 295389
9 Emarald kilogram 0 55869 55869
10 Garnet tonnes 0 110071 110071
11 Gold metal primary tonnes 0.07 14.49 14.56
12 Gold ore primary tonnes 9349 10117289 10126638
13 Graphite tonnes 4173555 13386831 17560386
14 Iron ore (Haematite) thousand tonnes 439372 4847045 5286417
15 Iron ore (Magnetite) thousand tonnes 0 10667 10667
16 Kyanite tonnes 426240 7167515 7593755
17 Limestone thousand tonnes 117288 606715 724003
18 Manganese ore .. 2168 9461 11629
19 Nickel ore million tonnes 0 9 9
20 Rock Phosphate tonnes 0 107370000 107370000
21 Sillimanite tonnes 0 83000 83000
22 Silver metal tonnes 0 5.22 5.22
23 Silver ore tonnes 0 23840000 23840000
24 Titanium tonnes 0 4385000 4385000
25 Vermiculite tonnes 0 30048 30048

Source:http://ismenvis.nic.in/Database/Mineral_and_State_wise_Resources_Reserves_As_On_1st_April_2015_17485.aspx
506
Table-16.8: Variation in the Reserves of Major Minerals/Ores between the years 2000 to 2015
Year
Minerals Units Net Increase since 2000
2000 2010 2015
Iron Ore 000 tonnes 3218080 4607161 5297084 2079004
Coal Million tonnes 72204.11 76963.69 81048.77 8844.66
Copper Ore 000 tonnes 178820 288125 295389 116569
Bauxite 000 tonnes 117350 146323 239061 121711
Fire Clay 000 tonnes 68190 66619 66454 -1736
Limestone 000 tonnes 662470 634410 724003 61533
Mica Kg 1494430 1665130 1665130 170700
Graphite tonnes 5620000 12910869 17560386 11940386
Kyanite tonnes 4680000 6030599 7593755 2913755
Sillimanite tonnes 83000 83000 83000

Source: The Department of Mines and Geology, Government of Jharkhand
C. Water Resources
Water resources refer to the availability, quantity, and challenges and ensure sustainable water resource
quality of water in a specific area. These resources utilization. These programs include the establishment
may include surface water (lakes, rivers, and streams) of water-use efficiency systems, promotion of water
and ground water (aquifers and wells). Jharkhand harvesting and conservation of water resources.It
has abundant surface water resources in the form of also protects the right of the state in sharing the water
rivers, streams, lakes, and reservoirs. Groundwater of inter-state rivers/ basins. It works in the field of
is also available in large quantities but is mostly the interlinking of various river basins in order to
located in hard rocks. However, the state is facing supply water to the water-starved areas from the
several challenges related to its water resources, such water-surplus basins. Furthermore, the government
as over-exploitation of groundwater, sedimentation, of Jharkhand is also taking measures to promote the
pollution, and inadequate infrastructure. In recent reuse of wastewater to manage water resources in an
years, the state has implemented several water effective and sustainable manner.
management programs to address the existing
Status of Groundwater in Jharkhand

As per the Dynamic Ground Water Assessment in bcm and the current annual ground water extraction
India 2022, Jharkhand has experienced an average is 1.78 bcm. As compared to 2020 assessment, the
annual rainfall of about 1,222.7 mm in the year 2022 stage of ground water extraction has increased from
which is higher than that of the year 2020 by about 29.13 per cent to 31.35 per cent. The increase in
84.9 mm. The total annual ground water recharge the stage of extraction is due to urbanization and
of the state has been assessed as 6.20 billion cubic industrialization.
meters (bcm) in the year 2022 which is also higher
Similarly, out of 263 assessment units (blocks-259,
than that of the year 2020 by about 0.05 bcm. The
Urban area-04), 5 units (1.90 %) have been categorized
annual extractable ground water resources are 5.69
507
as ‘Over-exploited’, 6 units (2.28 %) as ‘Critical’, 11 km (93.90 %) under ‘Safe’ categories of assessment
units (4.18 %) as ‘Semi-critical’ and the rest 241 units units. Out of the total 5692.32 mcm annual extractable
(91.63 %) are under the ‘Safe’ category and there is ground water resources of the State, 61.64 mcm (1.08
no saline assessment unit in the state. Similarly, out %) are under ‘Overexploited’, 129.67 mcm (2.28 %)
of 60646.73 sq km recharge-worthy area of the state, under ‘Critical’, 215.09 mcm (3.78 %) under ‘Semi-
463.92 sq km (0.76 %) area is under ‘Over Exploited’, critical’ and 5285.92 mcm (92.86 %) are under ‘Safe’
1068.48 sq km (1.76 %) under ‘Critical’, 2169.13 sq categories of assessment units (figure- 16.10).
km (3.58 %) under ‘Semi-critical’ and 56945.20 sq
Figure- 16.10: Summary Result of Dynamic Ground Water Assessment Report 2022 and
2020 for Jharkhand
Source: National Compilation on Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India 2022
District Wise Availability and Utilization of Ground water in Jharkhand

In terms of the annual ground water recharge and in the state, which is about 2.22 per cent higher than
annual extractable ground water resources, West that of the year 2020. The maximum per cent of
Singhbhum, Ranchi and Giridih are the top three annual groundwater extracted for irrigation purposes
districts respectively, in the state. However,the in the state is around 52 per cent. About 36.20 per
districts of Koderma, Jamtara and Ramgarh occupies cent and 11.78 per cent of annual groundwater are
the bottom three positions (figure- 16.11). The stage extracted for domestic and industrial purposes.
of ground water extraction in 2022 was maximum Dhanbad has extracted most groundwater annually
in Dhanbad (75.08 per cent), which is 7.96 per cent for industrial and domestic purposes in the state.
higher than that of the year 2020. West Singhbhum Ranchi has secured the top position in annual ground
(9.93 per cent) has the lowest score in the stage of water extraction for irrigation purposes followed by
groundwater extraction. Around 31.35 per cent of the Giridih and Garhwa (figure- 16.12).
annual extractable groundwater is currently extracted
508
Figure- 16.11: District-Wise Total Annual Extraction and Use Specific Extraction of
Ground Water in Jharkhand

*HAM – Hectare meter, BCM – Billion cubic meter
509
Figure- 16.12: District-Wise Proportion of Annual Ground Water Extraction in Current Use in
Jharkhand
Fluctuations in the Ground Water

As per the Ground Water Year Book 2021-22, in CGGC. A few GWMW represented water level of
Jharkhand, ground water levels of 452 Ground phreatic aquifer of Gondwana Super Group, Basalts,
Water Monitoring Wells (GWMW) were monitored Limestones, Tertiary Formation and recent alluvium.
four times in the year 2021 - 2022 as a part of
regime monitoring of phreatic aquifer in different About 254 monitoring wells located in 18 districts of
hydrogeological and agro-climatic zones. In the state have been monitored during January 2022 to
Jharkhand, the phreatic aquifer consists of weathered measure fluctuation in the water level by taking the
mantle and saprolite zone. Over 78 per cent area of the mean water level (between January 2012- January
state is underlaid by rocks of Chotanagpur Granitic 2021) as standard. In this period, the minimum and
Gneissic Complex (CGGC) suit. Hence, most of the the maximum depth to water levels in the state have
GWMW represented water level in weathered by been recorded as 0.3 mbgl and 11.85 mbgl in Gumla
510
and East Singhbhum respectively. The water level in level between 2 to 4 mbgl during the same time. In
the range of 2 to 5 mbgl has been observed in about Hazaribagh, out of 29 wells, 7 wells registered a fall
155 wells (53.33 per cent) which cover almost the in the water level and it is the maximum in the last
entire state. In terms of district-wise fluctuations, 28 ten years. Pakur registered the maximum rise in the
out of 39 wells in Ranchi have registered a rise in the water level between 0 to 2 mbgl whereas Dhanbad
water level between 0 to 2 mbgl. However, 8 wells registered the maximum fall in this range (figure-
in Ranchi have also registered a fall in the water 16.13).
Figure- 16.13: District-Wise Fluctuations in the Water Level in Jharkhand in as on January,

2022(2012-2021 Mean)
Source: Ground Water Year Book of Jharkhand 2021-22, Central Ground Water Board Mid-Eastern Region, Patna State Unit Office,
Ranchi.
D. Energy Resources
Jharkhand is rich inenergy resources particularly in of around 45,000 tonnes of uranium. The state also
coal, hydro and solar energy. It has significant reserves has some hydroelectric power plants and solar power
of coal which is the primary source of energy in the plants to generate renewable energy.
state. The state has an estimated total coal reserve
The state has an advantage in generating large amounts
of around 33 billion tonnes out of which around 20
of solar power, as it receives on an average of 5 to
billion tonnes are considered as extractable. Although,
7 kWh per square meter per day of solar insolation.
there is no nuclear power plant in the state, but it
Keeping this in mind, the state government has set
has significant reserves of uranium. The Jaduguda
a target of installing 1,000 MW of solar power by
Uranium Mines of the state is probably one of the
2022. Several solar power projects have been set up
largest and the oldest uranium mines in the world.
in the recent years in Jharkhand, including a 50 MW
The mine is operated by the Uranium Corporation of
solar power project in Godda which is one among
India Limited (UCIL) and has an estimated reserve
the largest solar power projects in the country. It has
511
several hydroelectric power plants, including the The state government has set a target of generating
Tilaiya Dam on the Sone River and the Konar Dam 2,000 MW of renewable energy by 2022. To meet
on the Konar River. These dams provide electricity the target, several small hydroelectric projects have
to the state and also help to control flooding in the been set up in the state and the state government is
area. Apart from coal, uranium, and solar energy, also promoting the use of biogas and wind energy. A
Jharkhand also has a good potential for other forms wind farm of 100 MW capacity has been installed at
of renewable energy such as hydro, wind and biogas. Dhalbhumgarh.
Total Installed Capacity and Electricity Generation (utilities) in Jharkhand:

As on March 31, 2021the total installed capacity of as solar power, biomass power,etc. It can easily
electricity generation (utilities) is 2.44 GW in the be observed here that the share of other renewable
state which is about 0.01 GW more than the previous sources has increased in the financial year 2021 by
financial year. Of the total 2.44 GW installed 0.01 GW from previous financial year 2020. The
capacity of electricity generation (utilities), 2.25 proportional distribution of three categories of the
GW come from thermal power and 0.13 GW come power generation sources i.e. thermal, hydro and RES
from hydropower. Similarly, about 0.05 GW out of are 92 per cent, 5 per cent and 3 per cent respectively
2.44 GW comes from other renewable sources such in the year 2021(figure- 16.14).
Figure- 16.14: Source-Wise Installed Capacity of Electricity Generation (Utilities) in GW

(as on 31st March)
Source: Energy statistics 2022. *RES: Renewable Energy sources excluding hydropower
Capacity Creation and production of Renewable Energy in Jharkhand:

In recent years, the government of Jharkhand has March 31, 2021. Out of this total estimated reserve,
made a concerted effort to increase the production 18,180 MW consists of solar energy, 228 MW of
of renewable energy in the state, in order to reduce small hydropower, 90 MW of Biomass power and
dependence on fossil fuels and improve energy 10 MW of waste to energy. From the last financial
access for all residents. One of the main ways that year, there has been an improvement in the small
Jharkhand has increased renewable energy production hydropower this year. Rest others are the same as the
is through the construction of new power plants. For previous year.
example, the state has built many large-scale solar
Similarly, the total cumulative grid-interactive
power plants, including the 75 MW Solar Power
renewable power has increased significantly since the
Plant at Tilaiya and the 50 MW Solar Power Plant
financial year 2018 in the state. The total estimated
at Deoghar. These plants have helped to significantly
capacity of grid-interactive renewable power in the
increase the amount of electricity generated from
year 2018 was 34.02 MW which increased to 60.41
solar energy in the state.
MW in the year 2021 (table- 16.10). The Off-grid
Table- 16.9 shows that the total estimated reserve of installations of renewable energy resources has also
renewable energy is 18,508 MW in the state as on increased in the state. The Biogas plants have increased
512
to 7,890 in numbers. However, the solar photovoltaic However, home lighting system, solar lantern and
system has decreased to 5,051 in numbers in 2021. power plants numbers have remained constant in
The street lighting system numbers has increased 2020 as well as 2021 (table- 16.11).
from previous financial year from 12,733 to 13,916.
Table- 16.9: Source-Wise Estimated Potential of Renewable Power in MW (as on 31st March)
Total
Small Biomass Waste to Solar Distribution
Year Estimated
Hydropower Power Energy Energy (percentage)
Reserves
2018 209 90 10 18,180 18,489 1.69
2019 228 90 10 18,180 18,508 1.69
2020 227.96 90 10 18,180 18,508 1.69
2021 228 90 10 18,180 18,508 1.2
Source: Energy statistics 2022.
Table- 16.10: Source-Wise Cumulative Installed Capacity of Grid Interactive Renewable Power in
MW (as on 31st March)
Year Small Bio-Power-BM Solar Energy Total Estimated Growth Rate

Hydropower Power/Cogen Capacity (per cent)
2018 4.05 4.3 25.67 34.02
2019 4.05 4.3 34.95 43.3 27.28
2020 4.05 4.3 38.4 46.75 7.97
2021 4.05 4.3 52.06 60.41 29.2
Table- 16.11: Installation of Off-grid / Decentralised Renewable Energy Systems/ Devices

(as on 31st March)
Year Biogas Solar Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Systems

Plants Photovoltaic
(Nos.) System Street Home Solar Power
(Nos.) Lighting Lighting Lantern Plants
System System (Nos.) (Kilowatt
(Nos.) (Nos.) peak)
2020 7855 7670 12733 9450 790515 3770
2021 7890 5051 13916 9450 790515 3770
513
Conclusion
Conservation, reforestation, afforestation, uranium. This mining and quarrying sector of the
compensatory afforestation, and sustainable use state is very productive. In the financial year 2020-
of the forests have always been the policy of the 21, the mining and quarrying sector contributed
government of Jharkhand. As a result of this,the about 8.9 per cent of the State's Gross State Value
forest cover has increased by about 1,084 square Added (GSVA).
kilometers in the state between 2000 to 2021. The
The state lacks perennial rivers but by constructing
forest cover as per cent of the total geographical
large dams and executing schemes such as rainwater
area of the state has increased by about three
harvesting and dobha schemes, the government
percentage points between the years 2019 and 2021.
has done a commendable job in maintaining the
This increase is about 11.2 per cent in terms of the
availability of enough water for agriculture, industry
variation in the total forest cover during the same
and domestic uses. The total annual groundwater
period. The maximum increase has been registered in
recharge of the state has been assessed as 6.20 billion
the open forests category during this period. The tree
cubic meters (bcm) in the year 2022 which is higher
cover in the state as per cent of the total tree cover
than that of the year 2020 by about 0.05 bcm. The
in the year 2019 has also increased by about 7.9 per
annual extractable groundwater resources are 5.69
cent in the year 2021. Thus, the state has not only
bcm and the current annual groundwater extraction
conserved its forest resources but increased them too.
is 1.78 bcm in the state. However, as compared
The policy of sustainable forestry by the government
to the year 2020 assessment, the stage of annual
has proved highly effective in this. In this regard, the
groundwater extraction has increased from 29.13 per
flagship schemes of the state government such as
cent to 31.35 per cent. At present, the maximum per
Mukhyamantri Jan Van Yojana, Vrihat Vriksharopan
cent of annual groundwater in the state is extracted
Abhiyan and compensatory afforestation through
for irrigation purposes (about 52 per cent) followed
CAMPA must be appreciated for the achievement of
by domestic uses (about 36.20 per cent) and industrial
their objectives.
purposes (about 11.78 per cent).
The state has significant reserves of many important
Thermal energy continues to be the major source of
minerals such as coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite,
power in the state. However, the proportion of power
bauxite, uranium, and limestone. The state is having
through renewable sources of energy is increasing
the maximum deposit of coal and it is also among
continuously in the state. The current proportion
its leading producer in the country. Similarly, the
of thermal, hydel and other sources of renewable
Jaduguda Uranium Mines of the state is probably
energy is 92 per cent, five per cent and three per cent
one of the largest and the oldest uranium mines in
respectively. There has been an increase of about 20
the world. The mine is operated by the Uranium
per cent in the total power generation from non-hydel
Corporation of India Limited (UCIL) and has an
renewable sources of energy between the years 2020
estimated reserve of around 45 thousand tonnes of
and 2021 in the state.
514
Chapter 17
Tourism, Arts, Culture, Sports
and Youth Affairs
515
Jharkhand is well-endowed with places of tourist art and artefacts, languages, dances, paintings, music
attraction. It has a number of beautiful natural spots, and crafts, which have been practiced by the diverse
venerable religious places and historical sites to tribes and other local inhabitants of Jharkhand .
attract national and international tourists. The state
The inhabitants of the state are known to be good
has immense potential in the areas of ecological,
in sports. The state has made efforts to develop
cultural and village tourism. In order to develop
their expertise and acumen in this area too. Such
its tourism sector, the state has made Jharkhand
efforts are not only to develop sportsmanship and
Tourism Policy 2021. The purpose of this policy is
positive attitude among them but also to make them
to channelize the natural and human resources of the
capable of being selected at the state, national and
state in order to ensure persistent development of the
the international levels to enable them to make
tourism sector in the state.
sports their career. Further, in order to harness
The state, through its various policies and programmes, the demographic dividend of the state, it has taken
strives to preserve and develop its distinct culture, various initiatives for its youth.
Tracing the Growth Trajectory of the Tourism Industry in the State

There is a slow but steady growth in the footfall of The number of domestic tourists decreased by 92.8
domestic and international tourists in the state.The per cent and the number of international tourists
international tourists though constitute only 0.5 per by 99.7 per cent in the year 2020. Nonetheless, the
cent of the total tourists in the state, has grown at state witnessed a footfall of nearly 2.6 lakh tourists,
a faster rate than the national tourists. Between the including international tourists. The year 2021 has
years 2013 and 2019, the number of domestic tourists witnessed the tourism industry getting back on
grew at an average annual rate (CAGR) of 1.5 per cent its track with the relaxation of COVID-19 related
while the number of international tourists grew at the restrictions and a subsequent increase in the numbers
average annual rate (CAGR) of 4.7 per cent. The year of national and international tourists. The number of
2020 saw a fall in the number of both the national national tourists increased by 31.4 per cent and the
and the international tourists owing to the COVID-19 number of international tourists increased by 234.1
pandemic and the consequent travel restrictions. per cent in the year 2021.
Table 17.1: Year Wise Tourist Inflow in Jharkhand
CAGR
Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2013 to
2019
National 32477676 33427144 33079550 33389286 33723185 35408822 35580768 2574704 3383642 1.53
International 133664 154731 167855 169442 170987 175801 176043 490 1637 4.7
Total 32611340 33581875 33247405 33558728 33894172 35584623 35756811 2575194 3385279 1.55
Source: The Department of Tourism, GoJ and Ministry of Tourism, GoI.
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Tourism, Arts, Culture, Sports and Youth Affairs
Figure 17.1: Growth in the National and International Tourist-Inflow in Jharkhand
Source: Calculated from the data of Department of Tourism, GoJ and Ministry of Tourism, GoI
Seasonal Analysis of Tourist Inflow in Jharkhand January and February. While the national tourists’
inflow, after increasing sharply in the month of August
As seen in Table 17.2, the inflow of domestic and
decreases drastically in the month of September, the
international tourists in the state peaks during the
influx of international tourists, except for the month
period of Shravan i.e. in the months of July and
of June when it is at its lowest level, and in January
August. Further, tourists also visit the state in larger
and August when it is at its peak, is almost evenly
numbers during the winter months of December,
distributed throughout the year.
Table 17.2: Month Wise Tourism Statistics

Month Domestic Tourists International Tourists
2017 2018 2019 2020 2017 2018 2019 2020
January 33,91,046 3,408,001 3,578,364 1,040,856 19,876 19,935 20,453 238
February 33,94,576 3,411,549 3,582,165 7,32,865 17,493 17,545 17,993 151
March 19,77,893 1,987,782 2,082,024 4,20,506 12,129 12,166 12,492 79
April 20,71,064 2,081,419 2,185,339 147 14,737 14,781 15,176 0
May 22,67,522 3,401,283 2,392,772 229 17,227 17,279 17,738 0
June 22,17,379 2,228,466 2,339,841 39 4,108 4121 4,229 0
July 40,09,480 4,029,527 4,230,895 31 13,258 13,298 13,705 0
August 56,60,980 5,689,285 5,973,741 31 18,625 18,681 19,161 0
September 24,89,593 2,502,041 2,627,091 76,503 14,726 14770 15,180 0
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Month Domestic Tourists International Tourists
2017 2018 2019 2020 2017 2018 2019 2020
October 13,15,352 1,321,929 1,388,009 86,590 14,747 14,791 15,156 2
November 21,53,788 2,164,557 2,272,712 1,03,322 10,217 10248 10,518 0
December 27,74,512 2,788,385 2,927,755 1,13,585 13,844 13,886 14,242 20

Source: The Department of Tourism, GoJ
Figure 17.2: Month Wise Variation in the National Tourist Inflow in Jharkhand
Source: Department of Tourism, GoJ
Figure 17.3: Month Wise Variation in the International Tourist Inflow in Jharkhand
519
Ranks of various States/UTs in terms of Domestic coming to India visit Jharkhand. Jharkhand ranked
and International tourists visits during 2020-21 19th among the States/UTs in the inflow of national
tourists and 23rd among the States/UTs in the inflow
Despite growth in the arrival of the tourists in
of international tourists in the year 2020.
the state, only about 0.5 per cent of the domestic
tourists and 0.16 per cent of the international tourists
Figure 17.4: RANK OF DIFFERENT STATES/UTs IN THE ORDER OF DOMESTIC TOURIST

INFLOWS DURING 2021
Figure 17.5: RANK OF DIFFERENT STATES/UTs IN THE ORDER OF INTERNATIONAL

TOURIST INFLOWS DURING 2021
In order to carve out a niche for the state within the by 2025. In order to make Jharkhand a preferred
larger domestic and international tourist sector, the destination for both the national and the international
government of Jharkhand formed its tourist policy in tourists, the state is being branded as a “safe and
the year 2021. It aims to bring the state at a level welcoming destination” for the tourist population.
playing field with other states in the tourism sector
520
Jharkhand Tourism Policy 2021
The broad policy objectives of the Jharkhand Tourism  To position Jharkhand as a ‘One Stop
Policy 2021 are elaborated below: Destination’ for all adventure related tourism
activities, comprising of air, land and water-
 It aims to promote tourism in the state in such
based adventure facilities.
a manner that it contributes to generation of
employment and rapid economic growth.  To promote sustainable and responsible
tourism that leads to the economic betterment
 Optimum utilization of resources to attract
of the rural areas.
maximum number of domestic and foreign
tourists and to increase the average duration of  To promote rural tourism so as to showcase the
their stay in the state. customs, traditions, cuisines, dance forms, art,
music, etc. of the state.
 To position every place of tourist interest as an
exclusive tourism destination different from  To provide all modern amenities and facilities
others. to the tourists so as to make their stay more
comfortable which in turn shall ensure to an
 To promote private sector participation in the
increase in the number of tourists.
development of tourism with Government
facilitation to develop necessary infrastructure  To promote eco-tourism in the state which
in the state. is endowed with dense forests, water falls,
wildlife and rich biodiversity.
 To tap the untapped potential of heritage
monuments in the state.  To promote mining tourism in the state so as
to mitigate poverty and raise the standard of
 To prepare and implement master plans for
living of people who stay in proximity to the
integrated development and promotion of
closed and abandoned mines.
various tourism destinations in the state.
 To take steps to promote rich and varied
 To provide quality services to all domestic
handicrafts of the state so as to conserve the
and international tourists and stakeholders
cultural heritage, traditions and customs of the
by developing an appropriate mechanism of
state.
Human Resource Development including skill
development and upgradation.  To promote research and development,
technological upgradation and adoption
 To diversify, expand and aggressively promote
of state-of-the-art technologies in order to
the tourism products of the state along with
improve the tourism products.
conservation of the archaeological sites and
heritage buildings.  Simplification of procedures and ensuring
transparency so as to provide expeditious,
 To encourage public participation in tourism
transparent and professional tourism
and to extend economic benefits to the
administration.
people through such active participation and
cooperation.  To take steps to promote religious tourism in
the state by ensuring appropriate facilities,
 To encourage involvement of Non-
connectivity and development of such
Governmental Organizations(NGOs),
destinations.
voluntary agencies and other such bodies
involved in tourism promotion and development  To take all steps to safeguard the interest of the
by providing them support, assistance and tourists and to provide an effective grievance
making use of their expertise for development redressal mechanism.
of tourism.
 To attract the high-end tourists and to increase
the duration of their stay in the state.
521
Strategies to Implement Jharkhand Tourism Policy 2021
The policy has also chalked out a detailed sector would also be involved.
implementation strategy for the Jharkhand Tourism
Policy, 2021 which comprises of the following:  Up-gradation of Tourist Information Centre’s
(TIC), which would not only provide
 The state government would act as a facilitator information but would also provide facilities
by providing infrastructure facilities including for reservation of accommodation, transport,
wayside amenities, tourist information centres, etc.
facilities for organizing craft fairs and platform
for organizing events.  Organizing familiarization tours of the leading
tour operators of the country/ overseas.
 Providing basic infrastructure like roads, air
connectivity and rail network.  Organizing buyer-seller meetings to market
the tourism products effectively.
 Conducting detailed assessment of tourism
potential of every district of the state so as to  Training of all the stakeholders involved in
optimally utilize such potential. tourism promotion, marketing and tourism
related services. This would include local
 Notification of minimum standards for tourism youth, taxi drivers, porters and all other
units and introduction of an incentive scheme stakeholders who interact with the tourists.
to facilitate private sector participation in
tourism infrastructure development and  Installation of signage at tourist destinations.
promotion.  All licenses, incentives and subsidies would
 Having strategic joint ventures with private be managed by the Single Window System
tour operators for setting up tourist packages/ of Department of Industries, Government of
services. Jharkhand.
 Reorganization of circuits for integrated  Inculcating a sense of professionalism,

development, publicity, promotion and expediency and transparency in the system.
marketing. Each circuit may have a specific  Effective regulation of services provided by
and exclusive marketing strategy and plan. the hotels, travel agencies and other service
 Involvement of experts in planning and providers so as to prevent harassment of
execution of master plans for development of tourists.
tourism circuits and tourism related projects.  Ensuring security of the tourists by introducing
 Conducting effective public awareness a State Tourist Friendly Security Force by
campaigns, particularly among the tribals, so involving ex-servicemen who would be trained
as to create a favourable atmosphere towards for the purpose.
tourism.  In order to ensure hygienic conditions and to
 Strengthening of the state tourism department prevent the exploitation of tourists on tourist
(DoT) by creation of special cells for the destinations, national highways and state
purpose of organizing festivals and events. highways, it is proposed to classify the road-
side eateries (dhabas) located at such places.
 Organizing tourism promotion events in the This classification would be done on the basis
state so as to attract large number of tourists. of hygiene, quality of food and availability of
various facilities. Serving the local cuisines of
 Participation in leading national and
the state would be encouraged in such dhabas/
international tourism fairs. In this, the private
line hotels.
522
 Providing up-to-date information about various tourism policy so as to ensure timely and
tourism related activities, facilities, events, appropriate corrective measures.
etc. through modern means of communication.
 To formulate a mechanism which shall enhance
 Installation of touch screen kiosks with the involvement of the local population in
detailed information about the state at various tourism related enterprises so as to enhance
places of public convergence. ownership of the tourism economy of the state.
 Taking measures to promote religious tourism, Tourism Policy and Land: As per the provisions of
eco-tourism, adventure tourism, mining the Jharkhand Tourism Policy, 2021, all Government
tourism and rural tourism in the state as per lands identified for promoting tourism development
the available local resources so as to optimally activities would be allotted to the Industrial Area
harness the tourism potential of such areas. Development Authorities of the Department of
Industries. The Industrial Area Development
 Setting up of land bank to ensure availability of Authorities will strengthen and expand their land
land to the private sector in order to encourage bank by identifying barren, un- irrigated land and
investment in tourism. un-utilized land of government departments and
 Taking measures to encourage Scheduled corporations in their respective areas. The government
Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Physically Land would be allotted to the tourism units as per
Disadvantaged and women to actively the availability and Policy of the Department of
participate in the process of tourism Revenue, Registration & Land Reforms of the state.
development. The Department of tourism would also execute land
acquisition and monitor and expedite the process.
 Creating awareness regarding environment It would take appropriate steps in order to provide
protection, conservation and preservation of employment opportunities to people affected by land
local cultural heritage, customs, traditions, etc. acquisition and to generate maximum employment
opportunities for the local youth by appropriate
 Promoting responsible tourism in the state by
training and skill development.
taking appropriate measures for environmental
protection. Tourism and Road Transport: The Tourism
Policy accords priority to the development and
 Involvement of rural population in the
construction of roads and ensures maintenance and
promotion of tourism in the state.
improvement of existing roads in order to provide
 In order to promote excellence in tourism, accessibility to identified destinations of tourist
it is proposed to institute monetary and importance. The government aims to develop an
non-monetary awards for institutions efficient road network equipped with modern tourist
and individuals for their outstanding facilities to connect the important pilgrimage and
contribution in various sectors of tourism, like tourist destinations in the state. A master plan for up-
accommodation, catering, transport, travel gradation of facilities on important pilgrimage routes
agency, etc. is being drawn which would be implemented in a
time bound manner. Further, roads linking important
 Issuance of notification by concerned
tourist destinations would be equipped with petrol
departments to give effect to provisions of
pumps, motor garages, snacks centres, toilet
tourism policy.
facilities, medical facilities, parking facilities, etc.
 Putting in place monitoring and evaluation Private sector participation is also being encouraged
mechanism of this policy. for this purpose. The state also aims to provide
adequate support to boost transport services to cater
 Mid-term review of implementation of the to the needs of various categories of tourists. The
523
private sector is being encouraged to invest. Road Tourism and Power: Power is an important lifeline
permits would be issued liberally by the Regional for tourism development of any state. Hence,
Transport Authorities (RTAs) in favour of the tour the government aims to provide quality power at
operators/aggregators for the operation of deluxe and affordable cost. It aims to provide fiscal incentives
air-conditioned coaches and cars on the identified to tourism units whether public or private. The
tourist circuits. Operation of three wheelers and car- utilization of non-conventional sources of energy,
van rental service would also be encouraged. Private such as-solar power, wind power, biomass gas
entrepreneurs operating tourist taxis/aggregators power, geothermal energy etc. would be encouraged
would have to use meters in accordance with the at various tourism destinations, as per the provisions
rules prescribed by the transport department. Rates of the Tourism Policy, 2021.
would be fixed distance wise, from point to point.
Auto rickshaw would also have meters. Further, for Tourism and Private Sector Participation:
promoting investment in the field of tourist transport The Tourism Policy of 2021 identifies the private
services, support of banks and financial institutions is sector as a major stakeholder in the development
being sought. Roads, ownership of which is not with of tourism industry. A constructive and mutually
Road Construction Department, would be developed beneficial partnership between public and private
after obtaining ‘No Objection Certificate’ from the sectors is being promoted to ensure sustained growth
concerned departments by the Road Construction of tourism. Steps are being taken to encourage
Department. Funds for the same shall be provided emergence of such partnership through various
by the Department of Tourism, Art, Culture, Sports models of BOT (Build Operate-Transfer), BOOT
and Youth Affairs. (Build, Own Operate Transfer), BLT (Built Lease
Tourism and Air Connectivity: The Tourism Policy Transfer), etc.
identifies the significance of air link in attracting The government aims at opening non-core activities
investors and promoting commercial activities and at airports, railway stations and inter-state bus
tourism. The state Government endeavors to have
terminals, such as cleanliness and maintenance,
connectivity with important cities of the country. Air
luggage transportation, vehicle parking facilities
taxi services linking Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Deoghar,
etc. for private operators to increase efficiency and
Bokaro, Dhanbad, Palamu, Dumka, etc. are be
viability in performance.
encouraged. The state Government is also working
on strengthening and improving the air strips located Tourism and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI):
in Jharkhand. These air strips would be upgraded Keeping in view the large investments required
in a preferential manner and would be allowed to in the tourism sector and the need for maintaining
be used by private air taxi operators on payment high quality standards in services, tourism related
basis. Existing nominal rate in fees/charges for industries have been included by the government in
using the state-owned landing facilities shall not be the priority list of industries for foreign investment.
revised upwards for the next five years or during the Export house status has been accorded to hotels,
policy period, whichever is earlier. Facilities shall travel agents, tour operators and tourist transport
be provided to oil companies/aircraft operators to
operators. The state Government aims to extend all
establish refuelling facilities for their operations.
possible assistance and support to attract foreign
Tourism and Rail Transport: The state Government direct investment in building and maintaining the
is pursuing the Union Ministry of Railways for tourism infrastructure and facilities in the state.
expansion of the railway network within Jharkhand Foreign investments and technological collaborations
and for operating train links to important locations by Overseas Corporate Bodies (OCB) and NRI’s are
outside the state, including super-fast/ luxury train also being encouraged in tourism
service. Further, it seeks to make efforts to complete
the on-going railway projects within the state.
524
Box 17.1: Important Tourist Attractions of the state

1. Religious Places – Baidyanath Dham, Parasnath, Rajrappa, Maithan, Basukinath, Liloristhan, Shakti
Mandir, Luguburu Phar, Jami Masjid, etc.
2. Pleasure Sites – Parasnath, Basukinath, Trikut hill, Nandan hill, Maithan Dam, Panchet Dam, Tilaiya
Dam, Rajrappa, Ramgarh, Hundru falls, Jonha falls, Usri falls, Gautam Dhara, Dimna Lake, Dasham
falls, Topchanchi, Masanjore Dam, Lodh falls, etc.
3. Health resorts/retreats – Netarhat, Ramgarh, Ghamaria, Parasnath, Angada, Ghatshila, Hazaribagh,
etc.
4. Wild life/forests – Ghatshila, Hazaribagh, Koderma, Chaibasa, Gumla, etc.
5. Eco-tourism – Netarhat, Hazaribagh, Chaibasa, Ghatshila, Rajmahal hills, etc.
6. Miscellaneous – Central Mining Research Station, Indian School of Mines, Indian Lac Research In-
stitute, BIT Mesra, BIT Sindri, Coal Mines, Forests, etc.
Box 17.2
Growth in Tourist Inflow in Jharkhand
The number of tourists visiting Jharkhand have increased over the years. In 2000, when Jharkhand
came into being, only 4.53 lakh tourists visited the state after which their number increased to about
3.58 crores in the year 2019. The number of foreign tourists visiting Jharkhand has increased almost
60 times in the past two decades. While only 3,111 foreign travelers visited the state in the year 2000,
their numbers increased to 1.76 lakh in 2019.As per the latest Indian Tourism Statistics released by
the ministry, as many as1,70,987 foreign travelers visited Jharkhand in 2017 and the number increased
to 1,75,801 and 1,76,043 in the years 2018 and 2019 respectively.
The government of Jharkhand has taken several initiatives in the recent past to boost tourism. Many
tourist spots have been developed. The state has also opened its doors to the film industry. ThePatratu
valley in Ranchi, Netarhat in Latehar and many dams and waterfalls across Jharkhand have been select-
ed as sites for shooting of Bollywood films, which has contributed to their popularity.
Recently, the Hemant Soren-led government in Jharkhand has announced a flat subsidy of either 30 per
cent or 10 crore rupees, whichever is less, on capital investment for developing tourism facilities such
as hotels, parks and resorts. The subsidy, as per the new tourism policy, will be 35 per cent for invest-
ments in tribal districts. The government is also working on a single-window-system for tourism, where
tourists can find all information related to Jharkhand on one platform.
ART & CULTURE

Tribal communities, with a rich cultural tradition, this region in general, and the tribal communities
pursuing different art forms, dominate the cultural in particular, have been shaped by a balance among
landscape of Jharkhand. The art, culture, and life of “nature, man and spirit”.
Tribal Festivals of Jharkhand

Jharkhand's diverse festivals serve as a spiritual As a result, the festival celebrations are characterized
canvas for soul-stirring celebrations. The festivals by remarkable ebullience and traditional fervour.
of Jharkhand miraculously mix antiquity with plenty.
525
Karam/Karma Festival: The Karam festival Sarhul Festival
represents devotion to Karam devta, the god of
Tusu Parab or Makar: This festival is predominantly
power, youth, and youthfulness. The Karam festival is
observed in the regions of Bundu, Tamar, and Raidih
marked on the 11thday of the moon in Bhadra month.
of Jharkhand. Tusu is a winter harvest festival
Young peasants go into the bush to harvest wood,
marked on the last day of the month of Poush. It also
fruits, and flowers in groups. These are essential
has a special significance for unmarried girls. Girls
for the Karam God’s Puja. People sing and dance in
use coloured paper to decorate a wooden or bamboo
groups during this time. The drumbeats entice the
frame which they later offer to a nearby river.
entire valley to dance. In Jharkhand’s tribal territory,
this is one of the few examples of such a strong and
thriving event involving youth. The Baiga, Oraon,
Majhwar, and Binjhwar tribes of the state celebrate
this festival.
Tusu Parav/Makar
Rohini: Rohini is likely to have been Jharkhand’s first
festival. It’s an event dedicated to seed propagation in
the field. Farmers begin dispersing seeds on this day
Karam/Karma Festival
but unlike other ethnic celebrations, there is no singing
Sarhul Festival: This is the biggest festival of
or dancing at this time. The festival is marked only by
Jharkhand’s tribal population. It is a worship of nature
a modest number of ceremonies. Some festivals, such
in which locals worship Sita, the wife of Lord Rama,
as Chitgomha and Rajaswala Ambavati are held in
as “Dharti Mata”. They also revere the sal tree, which
conjunction with the Rohini festival.
is thought to be the home of Goddess Sarna, who
protects the community from all natural disasters. Bhagta Parab: This festival takes place between the
People celebrate this festival when the new flowers spring and summer seasons. Bhagta Parab is widely
appear on sal tree. For a few days, the Pahan, or known among the tribal people of Jharkhand for its
village priest, fasts and take a lead in organising the Budha Baba worship. Devotees participate in a lively
festival. The festival is known as “Baa Porob” in the and vigorous Chhau dance with lots of gymnastic
Kolhan region which means “Flower Festival.” Thus, moves and masks after the evening devotion. The
it is believed that the festival of Sarhul shall bring day is followed with archaic daring sports. This
prosperity and joy to the state. celebration is popular in Jharkhand’s Tamar region.
526
Sohrai: Sohrai is well-known to mark the INDIGENOUS PAINTING FORMS OF
significance of animal care which includes that of JHARKHAND
cows and buffaloes. It is observed on a new moon
Jharkhand is known for its traditional and indigenous
day, shortly after the festival of Deepawali . Earthen
painting forms. Most of the art forms are named after
lamps are lit in the evening. The calves are bathed the
the tribes with which they are associated. Each tribe
next day and vermilion mixed with oil is applied on
has its own unique form of expression and art. Some
them before they are garlanded. Bullfights are among
of the art forms are as follows:
the games that form part of the festivities.
Paitkar Paintings: These are one of the oldest tribal
paintings of India and because to their appearance,
they are also known as scroll paintings. Artisans
from the Paitkar community use natural colours and
vermillion to paint on soiled or used papers. The hair
of a goat or the help of a needle is taken to apply the
colour. The themes of the paintings always remain
the essential existentialist question that confronts
most people i.e. what happens to a person after death.
Amadubi Rural Tourism Village, located in
Sohrai Dhalbhumgarh block of East Singhbhum, is home
Bandna : Bandana is one of the most famous festivals to talented tribal artists who are known for the
celebrated during theblack moon in the month of traditional Paitkar Scroll Paintings. The village is
home to around 54 artist families who are skilled in
Kartik (Kartik Aamavashya). This festival venerate
painting scenes from epics, folklore and village life
the existence of animals. The song marking this
on scrolls made from leaves and barks of trees.
festival is called Ohira which is an acknowledgement
of animal’s contribution in their day-to-day life.
The belief behind this festival is that animals are
an integral part of life and possess souls as human
beings.
Jadopatia paintings: This form of painting is

generally practiced by the Santhals in which the
artisans make scrolls called Jado or Jadopatia which
are drawn with natural ink and colours. They are
used as visual aids in storytelling and are said to have
IND MELA: The Ind Mela begins in Ramrekhadhamin magical and healing powers. They depict scenes of
the Simdega district. The Village deity is worshiped afterlife and the Santhal belief in tiger, God, etc. The
by the Pahan on this occasion. The Mela or the word Jadopatia means Magic Painters. The paintings
fair continues overnight. A large number of people tell fascinating stories about the origins of life, life
participate on this occasion. The Akhara is decorated after death, Hindu history and myths, as well as tribal
where people congregate and dance. life rituals, and festivals.
527
Jadopatia performers have always relied on
storytelling to make a living. The artists primarily Box 17.3 GI Tag for Sohrai Khovar
worked in tribal Santhal communities where they Painting
displayed their scrolls in homes where someone had
died and sang the story in exchange for rice and other Jharkhand’s Sohrai Khovar painting was
gifts. given the Geographical Indication (GI) tag
by the Geographical Indications Registry
in May, 2020.
Santhali Mural Paintings: The Santhals paint the

walls of their huts during their village festival for
ceremonial celebratory performances and also for
self-expression. Done in primary colors, infested
with leafy patterns in the foreground, background
and borders, the Santhal paintings are characterized
by a childlike simplicity in the depiction of birds,
animals and insects. Mother and child as well as
human, animal and bird couples are brought together
Sohrai art: Sohrai Painting is a folk/tribal painting by a philosophy of love and unions. A panoramic
tradition that is mostly practised in the villages view of the village forms the backdrop, with women
of Hazaribagh area. Traditionally, women of the carrying firewood and water; men driving the bullock
household paint on themud walls of their homes cart to the market; dancing and singing under a tree
during the holiday of Sohrai which falls just a day etc are used as the forms of painting.
after the Hindu celebration of Diwali.
The paintings depict a matriarchal tradition in which
the art form is passed down as a legacy to daughters
by their mothers, likewise, one of the key topics of
these paintings is the mother-child bond.The colors
used in this picture (red, black, yellow and white) are
natural earth colors.
Dhokra Art: It is non–ferrous metal casting using
the
lost-wax casting technique. The products of
dhokra artisans are in great demand in domestic
and foreign markets because of primitive simplicity,
enchanting folk motifs and forceful form. Dhokra
horses, elephants, peacocks, owls, religious images,
measuring bowls, and lamp caskets etc., are highly
appreciated
528
Handicrafts of Jharkhand: The indigenous forms within the state as well as outside the state include
of handicraft work in Jharkhand are practiced by BaansShilp, BhitiChinh, Cast Shilp, Dhaatu Shilp,
its various tribes. They depict the rich tradition of Godna, Ledra Shilp, Mukhawta Shilp, Prastar Shilp,
workmanship and culture of the state. The different MrinShilp and Wadhya Yantra Shilp.
artworks of Jharkhand include bamboo craft, wood
craft, cane craft, paitkar works of art, metal craft,
jewellery making, terracotta craft, traditional
ornaments, gonda grass craft, wax casting, toy making,
gondna (tattooing), ledrashilp, mud sculptures,
mukhawtashilp, making of musical instruments,
stone carvings etc. Being rich in woodlands and
wood, Jharkhand creates some great pieces of craft
works from wood and related materials. A variety
of handicrafts of Jharkhand which are popular Black Terracotta
Figure 17.6 :Area- Wise Specialization in Craft/Shilp in Jharkhand
Table 17.3 : District/Sub- District/Village Wise Craft Distribution in Jharkhand

District Craft Village/ Sub- District
Deogarh Kasi grass Jasidih, Sikaripara, Nunihat,
Jadupatia
Dumka Black and Red Pottery and Clay
Dumka Chhau mask Charida
Dumka DhokhraMetalcasting Sikarpara
Hazaribagh Jadupatua Painting Jadupatua
Ranchi Khovar and Sohrai Painting Hazaribagh
Ranchi Bamboo work Ranchi, soso, Chelagi, Khunti,
Bamahani
529
District Craft Village/ Sub- District

Ranchi Dhokhra metal casting Khunti, Bajartalei
Ranchi Musical Instruments Ranchi
Ranchi Tribal Jewellery Chelagi Village
Ranchi Jute
Source: https://www.craftscouncilofindia.in/
Dance Forms of Jharkhand

Diverse types of folk-dance forms with shoulders or heads.
complementary music are integral to the cultural life
Nagpuri Dance: Nagpuri dance style is a folk dance
of the tribes of Jharkhand. They have been inherited
of mixed nature which begins slowly and gradually
by tribal groups from their forefathers as heritage.
becomes very fast. This dance is largely exhibited in
Some of the popular dance forms of Jharkhand are:
Nagpuri films too. This form of dance is a mixture of
Chhau Dance: The Popular Chhau dance of modern form of dance with the folk dance.
Jharkhand has a unique identity. UNESCO included
Birhor Dance:This is marriage dance of the Birhor
this form of dance in Heritage Dances in year 2010.
tribe performed after the marriage. This form of
This is a male dominated dance which is performed
dance is performed in a group by all Birhors.
‘with mask’ or ‘without mask’. Chhau dance,
originating from Jharkhand,has nowbeen integrated Manbhum Chau: The Manbhum Chhau is a martial
in the cultures of Odisha and West Bengal also. This art dance performed largely by the people of the
dance has become a part of the cultures of these Kudmi community where the group of dancers use
three states. There are four varieties of this dance heavy masks and brightly coloured costumes and
– Saraikela Chhau (Jharkhand), Mayurbhanj Chhau traditional ornaments to give an attractive look. The
(Odisha), Purulia Chhau (West Bengal) and Singua mask is used for depiction of character. Animated,
Chhau of Khunti district of Jharkhand. fast movements and loud beats of drum recreate war
like ambience while depicting mythological stories.
Paika Dance: In the tribal community of Jharkhand,
They jump, take vault, plays swords and dance. They
Paika dance is usually performed to welcome special
normally perform in an arena called Akhda.
guests or during religious procession. This dance
symbolizes battle-art. The dancing artist holds Mundari Dance: The Munda society in Jharkhand
a shield (Dhal) in his left hand and a two-edged has its own identity with regards to language and
sword in his right hand. His dresses are bright, culture. Their dances also follow different ragas and
attractive and fitted with frills (Jhalar). Peacock rhythms throughout the year according to the change
wings (Pankh) is thrust in turban. This is why this is of seasons which are also indicative of their festivals.
called Paika Dance. When pairs of three, five, seven,
Santhali Dance:In this dance form, women dance
nine or eleven dancers dance together in uniformity,
by moving their hands together and in a particular
sounds of ghunghroo and Paijan create a wonderful
step of straight steps with folded fists. Songs are not
atmosphere.
sung in this dance, only the instruments are played.
Khadia Dance: This dance form is practiced Women and men wear green catechu, four-color sari-
byKhadia Community. It is performed in group. dhoti and turban. Moving, jumping, joining, and then
Women dance in a row joining hand with each other. breaking apart constitutes their dance movements.
The male also perform this dance.
Hunta: This dance is performed on festival and
Kadsa Dance: Kadsa dance is a dance style special occasions by the Santhal tribes showcasing
performed carrying a ‘Kalasha’ (earthen pot). This is their strength of unity and pride. The dancers wear
a female dominated dance. Normally in this dance colourful costumes of dhoti and turban and decorate
style, women perform carrying a ‘Kalash’ on their their body with various species of flora.
530
Karam (Karma): This dance form is performed Jhitkaand Danga: This dance is performed by men
during the Karam festival in the month of August. and women and the headgear and costume worn
This is one of the few dances in which women too are are similar to those of the Paika dance. This dance
allowed to participate. The dancers form a circle and expresses happiness and joy and celebrates different
dance with their hands on each other’s waists while feudal traditions.
passing on a branch of the tree to each other.
Lahasuya: This dance is generally performed by men
Barao: This dance is performed by the members and women as a call to rain specially when there is
of the Oraon community generally in the month of a drought. It is accompanied by the madol or tumdak
Baisakh (April – May) in an Akhada or performing which is the double-sided barrel drum.
area. Prayers are offered to mother earth for a good
Domkach: It is a marriage dancein which women
monsoon so that a rich harvest may be obtained.
and men from groom’s and bridegroom’s family
JhenanaJhumur: This dance is performed by the perform this dance during all major marriage
women of the Nagpuri and the Santhal communities ceremonies. They form a semi-circle to perform this
during all festivities and occasions especially during particular dance by holding hands of each other.The
the harvest season. lyrics of the song are satirical and full of joy. Nagpuri
Domkach is further divided into Ekharia Domkach,
MardaniJhumur: It is a semi martial art form
DohriDomkach and Jhumta.
performed by the men of the Nagpuri and Southern
tribes. The musical instruments used for this dance GhoraNaach: This dance is performed by men
are Dhol, Nagara, Shenai, Kartal and Jhanj. Some during wedding ceremonies wearing loose horse
female dancers known as Nachnis also join this dance puppets around their waists and they dance to the
along with the men. rhythmic beats of the folk instruments.
Government Initiative to Promote Arts and Culture in the State

In order to promote art and culture in the state, the and Rajkiye Manbhum Chau Nritya Kala Kendra
department of Tourism, Arts, Culture, Sports and Silli, Ranchi.
Youth Affairs operates three government cultural
Over the years, these three institutions have provided
institutions comprising of Jharkhand Kala Mandir
training to a large number of people.
Hotwar, Rajkiye Chau Nritya Kala Kendra, Saraikela
Table 17.4: Training provided from the Government Institutions of Art and Culture
2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2019- 2021-
Institutions Fields of training 2020-21
16 17 18 19 20 22
Kathak, Bharat
Jharkhand No training
Natyam, Odshi,
Kala Mandir because of
vocal, Drawing & 105 180 181 200 174 56
Jharkhand Kala COVID-19
painting, Tabla, Flute
Mandir Hotwar, restrictions
and folk dance
Saraikela Chau
Rajkiye Chau Nritya, Kharsawan
Nritya Kala Chau Nritya,
72 80 65 75 97 124 64
Kendra, Manbhum Chau
Saraikela Nritya, Mukhauta
training
RajkiyeMan-
bhum Chau Nr- Manbhum Chau
25 25 25 25 25 25 25
itya Kala Kendra Nritya
Silli, Ranchi
Total 202 285 271 300 296 149 145
Source: Department of Tourism, Art Culture, Sports & Youth Affairs, Directorate of Culture, Government of Jharkhand
531
For the exhibition and promotion of the traditional forms of various states are presented.
folk dance and arts, programmes and workshops are
The rich cultural, art and archaeological heritage
organized at several occasions. In the programmes,
of the state are preserved and exhibited in the state
organized in the state the participation of inter-state
government museum situated at Hotwar in the capital.
cultural troupe is also ensured through Eastern Zone
The Audrey House of the state has been developed
Cultural Centre, Kolkata. Under inter-state cultural
into an art gallery.
exchange programme, different traditional dance
SPORTS AND YOUTH AFFAIRS

The state has a unique and glorious sports tradition. help from this fund is provided only after the
Sportspersons from the state are renowned for their approval of the concerned committee headed
performances and achievements. In order to harness by the secretary, Department of Tourism, Art-
the demographic dividend of the state in the realm Culture, Sports and Youth Affairs, Government
of sports and to hone and nurture the budding of Jharkhand.
sportspersons, the state government is undertaking  Pay & Play Scheme of the Sports Authority
several initiatives. Some of these are: of Jharkhand (SAJHA) is one such initiative
 The Government of Jharkhand launched the to promote sporting talents of the state.
New Sports Policy (Jharkhand Sports Policy, These facilities and assistance provided by
2022). the government along with different private
organizations prove as a boon to those, who
 The Department of Tourism, Art, Culture,
are interested in pursuing various sports but
Sports & Youth Affairs, Directorate of Culture,
lack adequate means and facilities to do so.
Government of Jharkhand organised the Indian
Tata Steel has plans to start a Hockey Academy
Senior Women's Football Team National Camp
in Ranchi just like the football and archery
at Jamshedpur in collaboration with AIFF from
academies. The Department of Art, Culture,
August, 2021 to November, 2021.
Sports and Youth Affairs has been given the
 The Department of Tourism, Art Culture, responsibility to increase participation in
Sports & Youth Affairs, Directorate of Culture, sports and offer help to deserving candidates.
Government of Jharkhand had organised The Tata Athletics Academy (TAA), Jharkhand
National Team Camp for Indian U-17 Women's Athletics Association (JAA) and other efforts
Football Team (for FIFA U-17 Women's World like Panchayat Yuva Krida aur Khel Abhiyan
Cup) at Jamshedpur from December, 2021 to are some sports bodies for popularising sports
June, 2022. among the youth today.
 39 (thirty nine) sportspersons were directly  The state government has announced that it
recruited in various state Govt. Departments as would provide M.S.Dhoni with 5 acres of land
per their sporting achievements. to set up Cricket Academy in the state.
 Cash Award to Sports Persons - On the basis  The Directorate of Culture, Government of
of achievements, cash prizes are awarded to Jharkhand,organizes seminars, symposiums,
medal winners of Jharkhand in the national etc at regular intervals in the domain of youth
and international level sporting competitions. affairs.
There is also a provision of cash award for the
 The Directorate of Culture, Government of
trainers.
Jharkhand organizes events on the occasion of
 "Sportsperson welfare fund" Scheme- Under the National Youth Day i.e.Yuvotsav.
this scheme, financial help is given to poor and
 National Service Scheme (NSS) cells are
needy sportspersons and their dependents. This
operational throughout the state and are
assistance may be in the form of sports kit/
contributing substantially towards training of
equipment, financial assistance for participation
youth in social service schemes.
in national/international tournaments,
reimbursement of medical extension, etc. The  Grants to Promote Scouts & Guides Activities.
532
Jharkhand Sports Policy, 2022
On 13th September, 2022, the Chief Minister of and international sporting events. The objective is
Jharkhand, Shri. Hemant Soren launched the to provide them with better resources and adequate
Jharkhand Sports Policy 2022 in Ranchi. The sports training so as to enable sportspersons from the state
policy, made for a period of five years, is the second to compete at an equal footing in the national and
such policy framework in Jharkhand. The last such international sporting events. The new sports policy
policy was made in 2007. The Jharkhand Sports aims at not only encouraging and motivating players,
Policy-2022 was released with the aim of ensuring that coaches and trainers through prizes and incentives
the sports played in Jharkhand and the sportspersons but also improving infrastructure at the grassroots
belonging to the state get priority so that their talent can level. Jharkhand strives to become a leading state in
be identified and honed according to the requirements the sporting arena in the next few years.
in order to enable them to participate in national
Objectives of Jharkhand Sports Policy-2022

 Capacity building and development of  Reservation to sportspersons in job and
sportspersons in the state. educational institution.
 To prepare sports as an attractive and viable  Direct recruitment of the players of Jharkhand
career option. in the second, third and fourth class jobs at the
 Making sports a catalyst for social change and state level.
development from panchayat level to the state  Provision has also been made in the Sports
level. Policy 2022 pertaining to rural sports
 To create an environment for sports and centre, sports academy, sports university,
physical activities for citizens of all ages. sports science, sports talent search,
sports infrastructure development, coach
 To prepare a database of players and provide
development, physical fitness program, sports
resources at par with international standards in
branding and transparency.
order to promote indigenous and traditional sports.
 Allocation of awards for best PHE, PT teacher
 To promote sports tourism and also provide
and ground level coach. Creating state talent
equal opportunities to differently-abled
pool for PT teacher and ground level trainers.
sportspersons.
 To attract related PPPs and sponsors of sports
 Plan to work at the Panchayat, Block, District
activities and communication skills.
and State level for talent enhancement among
sportspersons.  Organizing Jharkhand Premier League for
football, hockey, etc., promoting rural level
 Devising schemes to give scholarships to
sports, traditional sports.
sportspersons.
 Enacting laws like the National Sports
 Giving Insurance facility for sportspersons.
Development Code of India in Jharkhand to
 Benefits of pension scheme to former players. ensure a world of doping-free sports.
 Development of high quality playgrounds in  The Sports Department will work to appoint
every block of the state. those organizations as partners which are
 To develop day-boarding, sports school centre, interested in sports development of school
residential sports development centre, Eklavya children in Jharkhand.
sports academy for the players of the state in a  Special initiatives be taken for making a
planned manner. roadmap in football, archery and athletics. A
 To create the country's first sports digital state sports development fund will be created
database for all the players of the state. to promote sporting environment in the state.
 To establish a Sports University.
533
Table 17.5: Sporting Events organised in the past two years
Sl
Year Name of the Sporting Event Event Level
No.
Subroto Mukherji Football Tournament Block Level to State Level
Nehru Hockey Tournament Block Level to State Level
SGFI (School Sports Competitions) Block, District and State Level
2019-20
Mukhyamantri Amantran Football Tournament Panchayat level to State Level
1 (April, 2019 to
March, 2020) Inter Residential & D-Boarding Tournament State Level
SGFI National (Football, Archery, Hockey &

National Level
Wushu) Championship
Fit India RAN-O-THON (Half Marathon)

2 2020-21 No Sporting Event was organized due to Covid-19 Pandemic.
Mukhyamantri Amantran Football Tournament Panchayat, Block, Dist., Zonal and State Level
2021-22
Khelo India Youth Games Selection Trial State Level
3 (April, 2021 to
March, 2022) Subroto Mukherji Football Tournament Only State Level Selection Trial
Nehru Hockey Tournament Only State Level Selection Trial
2022-23 Subroto Mukherji Football Tournament Block, District, Division and State Level
(up to August, Nehru Hockey Tournament Block, District and State Level
4
2022)
Sporting Events on the occasion of National
District and State Level
Sports Day (29.08.2022)
Table 17.6.: Centre of Excellence, Residential Sports Training Centre’s & Day-Boarding Centre’s
Sr No Name of the Centre No. of Centre’s No. of Trainees
1 Residential Sports Training Centres 36 36x25=900
2 Day-Boarding Centres 102 102x25=2550
3 Centre of Excellence (Ekalavya Centres) 03 03x64=192
Total 141 3642
CONCLUSION
Jharkhand has immense potential for development Jharkhand has a distinguished cultural identity.
of its tourism sector. Over the years, the inflow of The government of Jharkhand has envisioned the
tourists has increased manifold in the state. In last two preservation of the indigenous art and cultural forms
decades the number of domestic tourists has increased and for this the state government runs several schemes,
by about 80 times and the international tourists by all with the objective to preserve, protect and promote
60 times in the state. The state government in order the rich and diverse art and culture of the state.
to ensure development of this sector and also to
The state has a unique and glorious sporting and
promote economic activities and create employment
cultural tradition. The governmentis also striving
opportunities through it, has introduced the Jharkhand
to promote sports and other youth related activities
Tourism Policy 2021.This policy will ensure a rapid
in the state in order to harness and channelize the
development in the tourism sector of the state.
productive power of the youth here.
534
i
STATISTICAL APPENDIX
Appendix 1 : Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Jharkhand at Current Prices (2011-12)
Appendix 2 : Growth (YoY) Gross State Domestic Product at (GSDP) of Jharkhand at Current Prices
(2011-12)
Appendix 3 : Contribution of Sector Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Jharkhand at Current
Prices (2011-12)
Appendix 4 : Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Jharkhand at Constant Prices (2011-12)
Appendix 5 : Growth (YoY) Gross State Domestic Product at (GSDP) of Jharkhand at Constant Prices
(2011-12)
Appendix 6 : Contribution of Sector Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Jharkhand at Constant
Prices (2011-12)
Appendix 7 : Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of Jharkhand at Current Prices (2011-12)
Appendix 8 : Growth (YoY) in Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of Jharkhand at Current Prices
(2011-12)
Appendix 9 : Contribution of Sector Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of Jharkhand at Current Pric-
es (2011-12)
Appendix 10 : Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of Jharkhand at Constant Prices (2011-12)
Appendix 11 : Growth (YoY) in Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of Jharkhand at Constant Prices
(2011-12)
Appendix 12 : Contribution of Sector Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of Jharkhand at Constant
Prices (2011-12)
Appendix 13 : State Wise Gross Domestic Product (GSDP) at Current Prices (2011-12)
Appendix 14 : State Wise Growth in Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) at Current Prices (2011-12)
Appendix 15 : State Wise Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) at Constant Prices (2011-12)
Appendix 16 : State Wise Growth in Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) at Constant Prices (2011-12)
Appendix 17 : State Wise Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at Current Prices (2011-12)
Appendix 18 : State Wise Growth in Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at Current Prices (2011-12)
Appendix 19 : State Wise Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at Constant Prices (2011-12)
Appendix 20 : State Wise Growth in Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at Constant Prices (2011-12)
Appendix 21 : State Wise Per Capita Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at Current Prices (2011-12)
Appendix 22 : State Growth in Per Capita Net State Domestic Product (NDSP) at Current Prices
(2011-12)
Appendix 23 : State Wise Per Capita Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at Constant Price (2011-12)
Appendix 24 : State Wise Growth in Per Capita Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at Current Prices
(2011-12)
iii
Appendix 1: Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Jharkhand at Current Prices (2011-12)
(Rs. in lakh)
2020-21 2021-22
S.No. Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
(P) (Pr)
Agriculture, forestry
1. 2233546 2550211 2844224 4016315 3146379 4033246 4592177 4759565 4758291 5167870 6343047
and fishing
1.1 Crops 1342099 1611776 1812103 2078016 1671596 2281657 2587638 2354269 2504270 2670613 3414275
1.2 Livestock 477585 459416 493408 560096 627292 668398 940805 1234441 1347218 1559910 1954184
Forestry and
1.3 357560 399912 438925 1269256 719292 915319 830342 904129 610031 620353 632311
logging
Fishing and
1.4 56302 79107 99788 108947 128199 167872 233392 266726 296772 316994 342277
aquaculture
Mining and
2. 1620374 1879069 1858615 2072180 2017988 1730740 1912748 2121639 2079580 1687615 1741079
quarrying
Primary 3853920 4429280 4702839 6088495 5164367 5763986 6504925 6881204 6837871 6855485 8084126
iv
3. Manufacturing 3016583 3797607 3660373 4065135 2979923 4155031 4845268 6152256 5482646 5540569 5907783
Electricity, gas,
4. water supply & 241235 302773 335541 354547 429292 205152 311899 467968 584480 533344 652846
other utility services
5. Construction 1439526 1455717 1699296 1750743 1725906 1886296 2105866 2377829 2398823 2257835 2556940
Secondary 4697344 5556097 5695210 6170425 5135121 6246479 7263033 8998053 8465949 8331748 9117570
Trade, repair, hotels
6. 1152143 1383070 1595751 1802433 2016053 2386888 2771318 3350975 3702261 2988502 4285793
and restaurants
Trade & repair
6.1 1065983 1272474 1479141 1658001 1863574 2224299 2596592 3145173 3499995 2922152 4060758
services
6.2 Hotels & restaurants 86160 110596 116610 144432 152479 162589 174726 205802 202266 66350 225035
Transport, storage,
communication &
7. 975954 1148809 1325607 1498718 1625466 1742163 1801522 1948940 2171801 1993263 2128323
services related to
broadcasting
7.1 Railways 297906 362089 404019 487006 496364 528174 538624 543441 625096 624286 685773
2020-21 2021-22
S.No. Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
(P) (Pr)
7.2 Road transport 458247 530804 608092 650028 696942 760663 802121 930687 987887 766770 811906
7.3 Water transport 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7.4 Air transport 1373 2448 3362 3917 6725 8691 13020 8320 16405 10930 22369
Services incidental
7.5 22315 26547 27554 26588 26385 40141 40347 35805 38099 28474 40734
to transport
7.6 Storage 384 388 378 301 302 327 186 423 438 259 445
Communication &
7.7 services related to 195729 226533 282202 330878 398748 404167 407224 430264 503876 562544 567097
broadcasting
8. Financial services 414386 462493 509609 561609 656232 645520 724719 782403 868356 923221 952488
Real estate,
ownership of
9. dwelling & 1101151 1290003 1450196 1602263 1729747 1917845 2147549 2401556 2574994 2554512 2863468
professional
v
services
Public
10. 981782 927373 928783 1161608 1131223 1180297 1875286 1813339 1702136 1857408 1823336
administration
11. Other services 736279 885544 1045235 1194020 1229313 1303935 1150929 1705899 1996228 1997790 2261289
Tertiary 5361695 6097292 6855181 7820651 8388034 9176648 10471323 12003112 13015776 12314696 14314697
TOTAL GSVA at
12. 13912959 16082669 17253230 20079571 18687522 21187113 24239281 27882369 28319596 27501929 31516392
basic prices
13. Taxes on Products 1511500 1822100 1992669 2147532 2323997 2911948 3107749 3106734 3224119 3392156 3710935
Subsidies on
14. 332700 432400 389228 374586 350239 474089 365416 419583 513179 822492 909509
products
Gross State
15. 15091759 17472369 18856671 21852517 20661280 23624972 26981614 30569520 31030536 30071593 34317818
Domestic Product
16. Population ('00) 333020 338480 344020 349660 355380 361210 366460 371800 377150 382490 387620
Per Capita GSDP
17. 45318 51620 54813 62496 58139 65405 73628 82220 82276 78621 88535
(Rs.)
Source: MoSPI and Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Planning and Development Dept. Govt. of Jharkhand,
Note- P= Provisional, Pr= Projection
Appendix 2: Growth (YoY) Gross State Domestic Product at (GSDP) of Jharkhand at Current Prices (2011-12)
S.No. Item 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 (P) 2021-22 (Pr)
1. 14.18 11.53 41.21 -21.66 28.19 13.86 3.65 -0.03 8.61 22.74
and fishing
1.1 Crops 20.09 12.43 14.67 -19.56 36.50 13.41 -9.02 6.37 6.64 27.85
1.2 Livestock -3.80 7.40 13.52 12.00 6.55 40.76 31.21 9.14 15.79 25.28
1.3 Forestry and logging 11.84 9.76 189.17 -43.33 27.25 -9.28 8.89 -32.53 1.69 1.93
1.4 Fishing and aquaculture 40.50 26.14 9.18 17.67 30.95 39.03 14.28 11.26 6.81 7.98
2. Mining and quarrying 15.97 -1.09 11.49 -2.62 -14.23 10.52 10.92 -1.98 -18.85 3.17
Primary 14.93 6.18 29.46 -15.18 11.61 12.85 5.78 -0.63 0.26 17.92
3. Manufacturing 25.89 -3.61 11.06 -26.70 39.43 16.61 26.97 -10.88 1.06 6.63
Electricity, gas, water
vi
4. supply & other utility 25.51 10.82 5.66 21.08 -52.21 52.03 50.04 24.90 -8.75 22.41
services
5. Construction 1.12 16.73 3.03 -1.42 9.29 11.64 12.91 0.88 -5.88 13.25
Secondary 18.28 2.50 8.34 -16.78 21.64 16.27 23.89 -5.91 -1.59 9.43
Trade, repair, hotels and

6. 20.04 15.38 12.95 11.85 18.39 16.11 20.92 10.48 -19.28 43.41
restaurants
6.1 Trade & repair services 19.37 16.24 12.09 12.40 19.36 16.74 21.13 11.28 -16.51 38.96
6.2 Hotels & restaurants 28.36 5.44 23.86 5.57 6.63 7.46 17.79 -1.72 -67.20 239.16
Transport, storage,
communication &
7. 17.71 15.39 13.06 8.46 7.18 3.41 8.18 11.43 -8.22 6.78
services related to
broadcasting
7.1 Railways 21.54 11.58 20.54 1.92 6.41 1.98 0.89 15.03 -0.13 9.85
7.2 Road transport 15.83 14.56 6.90 7.22 9.14 5.45 16.03 6.15 -22.38 5.89
S.No. Item 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 (P) 2021-22 (Pr)
7.3 Water transport
7.4 Air transport 78.30 37.34 16.51 71.69 29.23 49.81 -36.10 97.18 -33.37 104.65
Services incidental to
7.5 18.96 3.79 -3.51 -0.76 52.14 0.51 -11.26 6.41 -25.26 43.06
transport
7.6 Storage 1.04 -2.58 -20.37 0.33 8.28 -43.12 127.42 3.55 -40.87 71.92
Communication &
7.7 services related to 15.74 24.57 17.25 20.51 1.36 0.76 5.66 17.11 11.64 0.81
broadcasting
8. Financial services 11.61 10.19 10.20 16.85 -1.63 12.27 7.96 10.99 6.32 3.17
Real estate, ownership

9. of dwelling & 17.15 12.42 10.49 7.96 10.87 11.98 11.83 7.22 -0.80 12.09
professional services
10. Public administration -5.54 0.15 25.07 -2.62 4.34 58.88 -3.30 -6.13 9.12 -1.83
vii
11. Other services 20.27 18.03 14.23 2.96 6.07 -11.73 48.22 17.02 0.08 13.19
Tertiary 13.72 12.43 14.08 7.25 9.40 14.11 14.63 8.44 -5.39 16.24
TOTAL GSVA at basic

12. 15.59 7.28 16.38 -6.93 13.38 14.41 15.03 1.57 -2.89 14.60
prices
13. Taxes on Products 20.55 9.36 7.77 8.22 25.30 6.72 -0.03 3.78 5.21 9.40
14. Subsidies on products 29.97 -9.98 -3.76 -6.50 35.36 -22.92 14.82 22.31 60.27 10.58
Gross State Domestic

15. 15.77 7.92 15.89 -5.45 14.34 14.21 13.30 1.51 -3.09 14.12
Product
16. Population ('00) 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.45 1.46 1.44 1.42 1.34
17. Per Capita GSDP (Rs.) 13.91 6.18 14.02 -6.97 12.50 12.57 11.67 0.07 -4.44 12.61
Appendix 3: Contribution of Sector Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Jharkhand at Current Prices (2011-12)
2020-21 2021-22
S.No. Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
(P) (Pr)
1. 14.80 14.60 15.08 18.38 15.23 17.07 17.02 15.57 15.33 17.19 18.48
and fishing
1.1 Crops 8.89 9.22 9.61 9.51 8.09 9.66 9.59 7.70 8.07 8.88 9.95
1.2 Livestock 3.16 2.63 2.62 2.56 3.04 2.83 3.49 4.04 4.34 5.19 5.69
1.3 Forestry and logging 2.37 2.29 2.33 5.81 3.48 3.87 3.08 2.96 1.97 2.06 1.84
Fishing and
1.4 0.37 0.45 0.53 0.50 0.62 0.71 0.87 0.87 0.96 1.05 1.00
aquaculture
2. Mining and quarrying 10.74 10.75 9.86 9.48 9.77 7.33 7.09 6.94 6.70 5.61 5.07
Primary 25.54 25.35 24.94 27.86 25.00 24.40 24.11 22.51 22.04 22.80 23.56
viii
3. Manufacturing 19.99 21.73 19.41 18.60 14.42 17.59 17.96 20.13 17.67 18.42 17.21

4. supply & other utility 1.60 1.73 1.78 1.62 2.08 0.87 1.16 1.53 1.88 1.77 1.90
services
5. Construction 9.54 8.33 9.01 8.01 8.35 7.98 7.80 7.78 7.73 7.51 7.45
Secondary 31.13 31.80 30.20 28.24 24.85 26.44 26.92 29.43 27.28 27.71 26.57

6. 7.63 7.92 8.46 8.25 9.76 10.10 10.27 10.96 11.93 9.94 12.49
and restaurants
Trade & repair

6.1 7.06 7.28 7.84 7.59 9.02 9.42 9.62 10.29 11.28 9.72 11.83
services
6.2 Hotels & restaurants 0.57 0.63 0.62 0.66 0.74 0.69 0.65 0.67 0.65 0.22 0.66
Transport, storage,
communication &
7. 6.47 6.58 7.03 6.86 7.87 7.37 6.68 6.38 7.00 6.63 6.20
services related to
broadcasting
2020-21 2021-22
S.No. Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
(P) (Pr)
7.1 Railways 1.97 2.07 2.14 2.23 2.40 2.24 2.00 1.78 2.01 2.08 2.00
7.2 Road transport 3.04 3.04 3.22 2.97 3.37 3.22 2.97 3.04 3.18 2.55 2.37
7.3 Water transport 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.4 Air transport 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.07
7.5 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.17 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.09 0.12
transport
7.6 Storage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Communication &
7.7 services related to 1.30 1.30 1.50 1.51 1.93 1.71 1.51 1.41 1.62 1.87 1.65
broadcasting
ix
Real estate, ownership
9. of dwelling & 7.30 7.38 7.69 7.33 8.37 8.12 7.96 7.86 8.30 8.49 8.34
11. Other services 4.88 5.07 5.54 5.46 5.95 5.52 4.27 5.58 6.43 6.64 6.59
Tertiary 35.53 34.90 36.35 35.79 40.60 38.84 38.81 39.26 41.95 40.95 41.71
TOTAL GSVA at
12. 92.19 92.05 91.50 91.89 90.45 89.68 89.84 91.21 91.26 91.45 91.84
basic prices
13. Taxes on Products 10.02 10.43 10.57 9.83 11.25 12.33 11.52 10.16 10.39 11.28 10.81
14. Subsidies on products 2.20 2.47 2.06 1.71 1.70 2.01 1.35 1.37 1.65 2.74 2.65

15. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Product

Appendix 4: Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Jharkhand at Constant Prices (2011-12)
(Rs. in lakh)
2020-21 2021-22
S.No. Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
(P) (Pr)
Agriculture,
1. forestry and 2233546 2364954 2321295 3033187 2171688 2680275 2739386 2553952 2554471 2727989 3110979
fishing
1.1 Crops 1342099 1498008 1430467 1507393 1133574 1459455 1564348 1258632 1382995 1469326 1808749
1.2 Livestock 477585 445735 461145 475099 493545 528070 515550 601621 649581 670603 694054
Forestry and
1.3 357560 361880 365303 985328 473347 603615 542792 565671 384920 441751 450202
logging
Fishing and
1.4 56302 59331 64380 65367 71222 89135 116696 128028 136975 146309 157974
aquaculture
Mining and
2. 1620374 1730483 1720631 2017893 1965121 1685398 1695332 1859226 1868397 1528598 1518727
quarrying
Primary 3853920 4095437 4041926 5051080 4136809 4365673 4434718 4413178 4422868 4256587 4629706
x
3. Manufacturing 3016583 3614824 3356361 3672018 2726440 3656754 4168279 5101204 4618414 4630183 4870966
Electricity, gas,
water supply
4. 241235 286345 291006 271008 310277 143062 206112 310734 382428 358070 401782
& other utility
services
5. Construction 1439526 1344315 1484303 1490431 1514673 1599270 1691133 1806449 1833125 1685808 1869673
Secondary 4697344 5245484 5131670 5433457 4551390 5399086 6065524 7218387 6833967 6674061 7142421
Trade, repair,
6. hotels and 1152143 1287305 1400566 1549332 1777188 2017464 2275871 2656896 2928867 2350651 2638670
restaurants
Trade & repair
6.1 1065983 1184361 1298228 1425181 1642775 1880039 2132382 2493722 2768357 2298033 2589198
services
Hotels &
6.2 86160 102944 102338 124151 134413 137425 143489 163174 160510 52618 49472
restaurants
Transport, storage,
communication &
7. 975954 1076288 1180454 1291439 1396633 1402308 1440768 1506326 1574515 1301903 1361283
services related to
broadcasting
2020-21 2021-22
S.No. Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
(P) (Pr)
7.1 Railways 297906 345399 374927 421794 422310 381980 407200 401976 379745 306428 315868
7.2 Road transport 458247 490939 535722 558749 604233 642934 658721 737917 769054 578421 595507
7.3 Water transport 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7.4 Air transport 1373 1285 2256 3368 5830 7346 11005 6597 12771 8245 10896
Services
7.5 incidental to 22315 25425 18495 22854 22875 33928 34102 28389 33761 23683 23860
transport
7.6 Storage 384 369 332 259 261 276 153 335 340 202 188
Communication &
broadcasting
Real estate,
ownership of
xi
9. dwelling & 1101151 1189599 1249340 1407205 1511273 1642899 1747354 1843159 1919443 1859226 1985034
professional
services
Public
10. 981782 859075 801042 936901 846406 876171 1342419 1253622 1127066 1165588 1188027
administration
11. Other services 736279 824103 900892 963043 946223 958619 813785 1145366 1420018 1422052 1544008
Tertiary 5361695 5689676 5998783 6641159 7085921 7497274 8246454 9030372 9633138 8799105 9458639
TOTAL GSVA at
12. 13912959 15030597 15172379 17125696 15774120 17262033 18746696 20661937 20889973 19729753 21230766
basic prices
Subsidies on
14. 332700 402757 342088 322780 304145 399704 308078 353746 432656 693434 474255
products
Gross State
15. 15091759 16325027 16581626 18653439 17488115 19317392 21058730 22927447 23175539 21896211 23681637
Domestic Product
16. Population ('00) 333020 338480 344020 349660 355380 361210 366460 371800 377150 382490 387620
Per Capita GSDP
17. 45318 48230 48200 53347 49210 53480 57465 61666 61449 57246 61095
(Rs.)
Appendix 5: Growth (YoY) Gross State Domestic Product at (GSDP) of Jharkhand at Constant Prices (2011-12)
2020-21
S.No. Item 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2021-22 (Pr)
(P)
1. 5.88 -1.85 30.67 -28.40 23.42 2.21 -6.77 0.02 6.79 14.04
and fishing
1.1 Crops 11.62 -4.51 5.38 -24.80 28.75 7.19 -19.54 9.88 6.24 23.10
1.2 Livestock -6.67 3.46 3.03 3.88 7.00 -2.37 16.69 7.97 3.24 3.50
Fishing and
1.4 5.38 8.51 1.53 8.96 25.15 30.92 9.71 6.99 6.81 7.97
aquaculture
Mining and
2. 6.80 -0.57 17.28 -2.62 -14.23 0.59 9.67 0.49 -18.19 -0.65
quarrying
Primary 6.27 -1.31 24.97 -18.10 5.53 1.58 -0.49 0.22 -3.76 8.77
3. Manufacturing 19.83 -7.15 9.40 -25.75 34.12 13.99 22.38 -9.46 0.25 5.20
xii
4. supply & other utility 18.70 1.63 -6.87 14.49 -53.89 44.07 50.76 23.07 -6.37 12.21
services
5. Construction -6.61 10.41 0.41 1.63 5.59 5.74 6.82 1.48 -8.04 10.91
Secondary 11.67 -2.17 5.88 -16.23 18.62 12.34 19.01 -5.33 -2.34 7.02

6. 11.73 8.80 10.62 14.71 13.52 12.81 16.74 10.24 -19.74 12.25
and restaurants
Trade & repair

6.1 11.11 9.61 9.78 15.27 14.44 13.42 16.95 11.01 -16.99 12.67
services
6.2 Hotels & restaurants 19.48 -0.59 21.31 8.27 2.24 4.41 13.72 -1.63 -67.22 -5.98
Transport, storage,
communication &
7. 10.28 9.68 9.40 8.15 0.41 2.74 4.55 4.53 -17.31 4.56
services related to
broadcasting
7.1 Railways 15.94 8.55 12.50 0.12 -9.55 6.60 -1.28 -5.53 -19.31 3.08
2020-21
S.No. Item 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2021-22 (Pr)
(P)
7.2 Road transport 7.13 9.12 4.30 8.14 6.40 2.46 12.02 4.22 -24.79 2.95
7.3 Water transport
7.4 Air transport -6.41 75.56 49.29 73.10 26.00 49.81 -40.05 93.59 -35.44 32.15
7.5 13.94 -27.26 23.57 0.09 48.32 0.51 -16.75 18.92 -29.85 0.75
transport
7.6 Storage -3.91 -10.03 -21.99 0.77 5.75 -44.57 118.95 1.49 -40.59 -6.89
Communication &
7.7 services related to 8.76 16.84 14.35 19.94 -1.55 -1.86 0.46 14.42 1.60 7.80
broadcasting
8. Financial services 9.39 2.91 5.73 23.31 -1.38 4.41 -0.20 6.12 5.50 5.99
Real estate,
ownership of
9. 8.03 5.02 12.64 7.40 8.71 6.36 5.48 4.14 -3.14 6.77
dwelling &
xiii
10. Public administration -12.50 -6.76 16.96 -9.66 3.52 53.21 -6.61 -10.10 3.42 1.93
11. Other services 11.93 9.32 6.90 -1.75 1.31 -15.11 40.75 23.98 0.14 8.58
Tertiary 6.12 5.43 10.71 6.70 5.81 9.99 9.51 6.67 -8.66 7.50
TOTAL GSVA at
12. 8.03 0.94 12.87 -7.89 9.43 8.60 10.22 1.10 -5.55 7.61
basic prices
Subsidies on
14. 21.06 -15.06 -5.64 -5.77 31.42 -22.92 14.82 22.31 60.27 -31.61
products

15. 8.17 1.57 12.49 -6.25 10.46 9.01 8.87 1.08 -5.52 8.15
Product
16. Population ('00) 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.45 1.46 1.44 1.42 1.34
Per Capita GSDP

17. 6.43 -0.06 10.68 -7.76 8.68 7.45 7.31 -0.35 -6.84 6.72
(Rs.)

Appendix 6: Contribution of Sector Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Jharkhand at Constant Prices (2011-12)
2020-21 2021-22
S.No. Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
(P) (Pr)
1. 14.80 14.49 14.00 16.26 12.42 13.87 13.01 11.14 11.02 12.46 13.14
and fishing
1.1 Crops 8.89 9.18 8.63 8.08 6.48 7.56 7.43 5.49 5.97 6.71 7.64
1.2 Livestock 3.16 2.73 2.78 2.55 2.82 2.73 2.45 2.62 2.80 3.06 2.93
Fishing and
1.4 0.37 0.36 0.39 0.35 0.41 0.46 0.55 0.56 0.59 0.67 0.67
aquaculture
Mining and
2. 10.74 10.60 10.38 10.82 11.24 8.72 8.05 8.11 8.06 6.98 6.41
quarrying
Primary 25.54 25.09 24.38 27.08 23.65 22.60 21.06 19.25 19.08 19.44 19.55
3. Manufacturing 19.99 22.14 20.24 19.69 15.59 18.93 19.79 22.25 19.93 21.15 20.57
xiv
services
5. Construction 9.54 8.23 8.95 7.99 8.66 8.28 8.03 7.88 7.91 7.70 7.90
Secondary 31.13 32.13 30.95 29.13 26.03 27.95 28.80 31.48 29.49 30.48 30.16

6. 7.63 7.89 8.45 8.31 10.16 10.44 10.81 11.59 12.64 10.74 11.14
and restaurants
Trade & repair

6.1 7.06 7.25 7.83 7.64 9.39 9.73 10.13 10.88 11.95 10.50 10.93
services
Transport, storage,
communication &
7. 6.47 6.59 7.12 6.92 7.99 7.26 6.84 6.57 6.79 5.95 5.75
services related to
broadcasting
7.1 Railways 1.97 2.12 2.26 2.26 2.41 1.98 1.93 1.75 1.64 1.40 1.33
2020-21 2021-22
S.No. Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
(P) (Pr)
7.2 Road transport 3.04 3.01 3.23 3.00 3.46 3.33 3.13 3.22 3.32 2.64 2.51
7.3 Water transport 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.4 Air transport 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.05
7.5 0.15 0.16 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.18 0.16 0.12 0.15 0.11 0.10
transport
7.6 Storage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Communication &
7.7 services related to 1.30 1.30 1.50 1.52 1.95 1.74 1.57 1.44 1.63 1.76 1.75
broadcasting
Real estate,
ownership of
9. 7.30 7.29 7.53 7.54 8.64 8.50 8.30 8.04 8.28 8.49 8.38
dwelling &
xv
11. Other services 4.88 5.05 5.43 5.16 5.41 4.96 3.86 5.00 6.13 6.49 6.52
Tertiary 35.53 34.85 36.18 35.60 40.52 38.81 39.16 39.39 41.57 40.19 39.94
TOTAL GSVA at
12. 92.19 92.07 91.50 91.81 90.20 89.36 89.02 90.12 90.14 90.11 89.65
basic prices
Subsidies on
14. 2.20 2.47 2.06 1.73 1.74 2.07 1.46 1.54 1.87 3.17 2.00
products

15. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Product
Appendix 7: Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of Jharkhand at Current Prices (2011-12)
(Rs in Lakh)
2020-21 2021-22
S.No. Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
(P) (Pr)
Agriculture, forestry and

1. 2100329 2395965 2664249 3808844 2930847 3795654 4329403 4470856 4446353 4825785 6000838
fishing
1.1 Crops 1227605 1479511 1656232 1903449 1484104 2074929 2361998 2109164 2235945 2376261 3119852
1.2 Livestock 469404 450789 483948 549966 617456 658392 928606 1218022 1329977 1540964 1935184
1.3 Forestry and logging 353636 395436 433972 1256739 712567 908145 822444 895847 604817 614926 626884
1.4 Fishing and aquaculture 49684 70229 90097 98690 116720 154188 216355 247823 275614 293634 318918
2. Mining and quarrying 1424784 1651034 1591597 1759099 1688420 1453297 1616470 1789285 1711221 1336352 1367305
Primary 3525113 4046999 4255846 5567943 4619267 5248951 5945873 6260141 6157574 6162137 7368143
3. Manufacturing 2740497 3562247 3390423 3832136 2749502 3892196 4557337 5895026 5217181 5260763 5701637
xvi
4. supply & other utility 160289 198000 222036 229621 289078 136650 216421 318222 405797 358583 402731
services
5. Construction 1371583 1378972 1596103 1647815 1623297 1770612 1970945 2220330 2217852 2061078 2188685
Secondary 4272369 5139219 5208562 5709572 4661877 5799458 6744703 8433578 7840830 7680424 8293053

6. 1098375 1314047 1514561 1703297 1924352 2280058 2617779 3196144 3526489 2797571 3247154
restaurants
6.1 Trade & repair services 1016218 1208962 1418108 1585491 1793030 2141529 2476672 3023923 3363279 2771494 3218740
Transport, storage,
7. communication & services 813647 966004 1080797 1222987 1325955 1397864 1379869 1474177 1634603 1417988 1518452
related to broadcasting
7.1 Railways 237638 293142 321544 384320 384032 403261 389513 393522 468374 459939 500651
2020-21 2021-22
S.No. Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
(P) (Pr)
7.2 Road transport 392312 456846 520538 559493 604998 648673 661863 765693 796596 570500 594737
7.3 Water transport 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7.4 Air transport 1373 2448 1643 2616 5542 7323 10936 5876 9999 1187 1521
7.5 22315 26547 23837 23438 23095 34893 34781 30221 31650 22559 23566
transport
7.6 Storage 329 336 320 253 254 275 157 386 397 234 240
Communication & services

7.7 159680 186685 212915 252867 308034 303439 282619 278479 327587 363569 397737
Real estate, ownership of

9. dwelling & professional 992301 1163065 1323500 1457842 1532901 1699016 1971889 2121719 2273563 2233280 2477143
services
xvii
10. Public administration 757532 721118 726761 918200 906368 955005 1537665 1497216 1415492 1547259 1673021
11. Other services 692367 835956 988477 1131712 1160570 1229572 1080969 1606982 1884377 1874654 2124590
Tertiary 4762065 5454490 6135192 6985287 7492961 8192792 9297244 10660832 11583101 10771641 12027653
TOTAL NSVA at basic

12. 12559547 14640708 15599600 18262802 16774105 19241201 21987820 25354551 25581505 24614202 27688849
prices
14. Subsidies on products 332700 432400 389228 374586 350239 474089 365416 419583 513179 822492 909509
15. Net State Domestic Product 13738347 16030408 17203041 20035748 18747863 21679060 24730153 28041702 28292445 27183866 30490275
16. Population ('00) 333020 338480 344020 349660 355380 361210 366460 371800 377150 382490 387620
17. Per Capita NSDP (Rs.) 41254 47360 50006 57301 52754 60018 67484 75421 75016 71071 78660
Appendix 8: Growth (YoY) in Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of Jharkhand at Current Prices (2011-12)
2021-22
S.No. Item 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 (P)
(Pr)

1. 14.08 11.20 42.96 -23.05 29.51 14.06 3.27 -0.55 8.53 24.35
fishing
1.1 Crops 20.52 11.94 14.93 -22.03 39.81 13.84 -10.70 6.01 6.28 31.29
1.2 Livestock -3.97 7.36 13.64 12.27 6.63 41.04 31.17 9.19 15.86 25.58
1.4 Fishing and aquaculture 41.35 28.29 9.54 18.27 32.10 40.32 14.54 11.21 6.54 8.61
2. Mining and quarrying 15.88 -3.60 10.52 -4.02 -13.93 11.23 10.69 -4.36 -21.91 2.32
Primary 14.80 5.16 30.83 -17.04 13.63 13.28 5.29 -1.64 0.07 19.57
3. Manufacturing 29.99 -4.82 13.03 -28.25 41.56 17.09 29.35 -11.50 0.84 8.38
Electricity, gas, water supply &
xviii
4. 23.53 12.14 3.42 25.89 -52.73 58.38 47.04 27.52 -11.63 12.31
5. Construction 0.54 15.75 3.24 -1.49 9.08 11.31 12.65 -0.11 -7.07 6.19
Secondary 20.29 1.35 9.62 -18.35 24.40 16.30 25.04 -7.03 -2.05 7.98

6. 19.64 15.26 12.46 12.98 18.48 14.81 22.09 10.34 -20.67 16.07
restaurants
6.1 Trade & repair services 18.97 17.30 11.80 13.09 19.44 15.65 22.10 11.22 -17.60 16.14
6.2 Hotels & restaurants 27.91 -8.21 22.14 11.47 5.49 1.86 22.05 -5.23 -84.02 8.96
Transport, storage,
7. communication & services 18.73 11.88 13.16 8.42 5.42 -1.29 6.83 10.88 -13.25 7.08
7.1 Railways 23.36 9.69 19.52 -0.07 5.01 -3.41 1.03 19.02 -1.80 8.85
7.2 Road transport 16.45 13.94 7.48 8.13 7.22 2.03 15.69 4.04 -28.38 4.25
2021-22
S.No. Item 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 (P)
(Pr)
7.3 Water transport
7.4 Air transport 78.30 -32.88 59.22 111.85 32.14 49.34 -46.27 70.17 -88.13 28.17
7.5 18.96 -10.21 -1.67 -1.46 51.08 -0.32 -13.11 4.73 -28.72 4.47
transport
7.6 Storage 2.13 -4.76 -20.94 0.40 8.27 -42.91 145.86 2.85 -41.06 2.38

7.7 16.91 14.05 18.76 21.82 -1.49 -6.86 -1.46 17.63 10.98 9.40
8. Financial services 11.39 10.30 10.01 16.61 -1.79 12.32 7.83 10.98 6.16 9.59

9. dwelling & professional 17.21 13.79 10.15 5.15 10.84 16.06 7.60 7.16 -1.77 10.92
services
xix
10. Public administration -4.81 0.78 26.34 -1.29 5.37 61.01 -2.63 -5.46 9.31 8.13
11. Other services 20.74 18.25 14.49 2.55 5.95 -12.09 48.66 17.26 -0.52 13.33
Tertiary 14.54 12.48 13.86 7.27 9.34 13.48 14.67 8.65 -7.01 11.66
TOTAL NSVA at basic

12. 16.57 6.55 17.07 -8.15 14.71 14.27 15.31 0.90 -3.78 12.49
prices
14. Subsidies on products 29.97 -9.98 -3.76 -6.50 35.36 -22.92 14.82 22.31 60.27 10.58
15. Net State Domestic Product 16.68 7.32 16.47 -6.43 15.63 14.07 13.39 0.89 -3.92 12.16
16. Population ('00) 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.45 1.46 1.44 1.42 1.34
17. Per Capita NSDP (Rs.) 14.80 5.59 14.59 -7.93 13.77 12.44 11.76 -0.54 -5.26 10.68
Appendix 9: Contribution of Sector Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of Jharkhand at Current Prices (2011-12)
S. 2020-21 2021-22
Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
No. (P) (Pr)

1. 15.29 14.95 15.49 19.01 15.63 17.51 17.51 15.94 15.72 17.75 19.68
fishing
1.1 Crops 8.94 9.23 9.63 9.50 7.92 9.57 9.55 7.52 7.90 8.74 10.23
1.2 Livestock 3.42 2.81 2.81 2.74 3.29 3.04 3.75 4.34 4.70 5.67 6.35
1.4 Fishing and aquaculture 0.36 0.44 0.52 0.49 0.62 0.71 0.87 0.88 0.97 1.08 1.05
Primary 25.66 25.25 24.74 27.79 24.64 24.21 24.04 22.32 21.76 22.67 24.17
3. Manufacturing 19.95 22.22 19.71 19.13 14.67 17.95 18.43 21.02 18.44 19.35 18.70
xx
services
5. Construction 9.98 8.60 9.28 8.22 8.66 8.17 7.97 7.92 7.84 7.58 7.18
Secondary 31.10 32.06 30.28 28.50 24.87 26.75 27.27 30.08 27.71 28.25 27.20

6. 7.99 8.20 8.80 8.50 10.26 10.52 10.59 11.40 12.46 10.29 10.65
restaurants
6.1 Trade & repair services 7.40 7.54 8.24 7.91 9.56 9.88 10.01 10.78 11.89 10.20 10.56
Transport, storage,
7. communication & services 5.92 6.03 6.28 6.10 7.07 6.45 5.58 5.26 5.78 5.22 4.98
7.1 Railways 1.73 1.83 1.87 1.92 2.05 1.86 1.58 1.40 1.66 1.69 1.64
S. 2020-21 2021-22
Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
No. (P) (Pr)
7.2 Road transport 2.86 2.85 3.03 2.79 3.23 2.99 2.68 2.73 2.82 2.10 1.95
7.3 Water transport 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.4 Air transport 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00
7.5 0.16 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.16 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.08 0.08
transport
7.6 Storage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7.7 1.16 1.16 1.24 1.26 1.64 1.40 1.14 0.99 1.16 1.34 1.30

9. dwelling & professional 7.22 7.26 7.69 7.28 8.18 7.84 7.97 7.57 8.04 8.22 8.12
services
xxi
11. Other services 5.04 5.21 5.75 5.65 6.19 5.67 4.37 5.73 6.66 6.90 6.97
Tertiary 34.66 34.03 35.66 34.86 39.97 37.79 37.59 38.02 40.94 39.63 39.45
TOTAL NSVA at basic

12. 91.42 91.33 90.68 91.15 89.47 88.75 88.91 90.42 90.42 90.55 90.81
prices
15. Net State Domestic Product 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Appendix 10: Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of Jharkhand at Constant Prices (2011-12)
(Rs. in lakh)
2020-21 2021-22
S.No. Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
(P) (Pr)

1. 2100329 2221943 2166800 2862595 2000791 2497845 2542362 2343949 2335180 2496522 2879512
fishing
1.1 Crops 1227605 1375517 1297247 1365336 987460 1304171 1399025 1084172 1198807 1275431 1614854
1.2 Livestock 469404 437744 452760 466378 484733 519298 505490 588910 636289 656331 679782
1.3 Forestry and logging 353636 357726 360916 974577 467405 597424 536347 559291 380941 437720 446171
1.4 Fishing and aquaculture 49684 50956 55877 56304 61193 76952 101500 111576 119143 127040 138705
2. Mining and quarrying 1424784 1513376 1476089 1748278 1689309 1456978 1457574 1601041 1591018 1272221 1410292
Primary 3525113 3735319 3642889 4610873 3690100 3954823 3999936 3944990 3926198 3768743 4289804
xxii
3. Manufacturing 2740497 3388295 3103621 3462673 2520129 3421197 3915907 4883648 4397578 4400738 4668728

4. supply & other utility 160289 185362 184541 159316 184676 81684 122625 183932 232023 214378 224522
services
5. Construction 1371583 1271097 1387201 1394971 1418993 1488897 1563035 1661118 1666342 1505780 1542870
Secondary 4272369 4844754 4675363 5016960 4123798 4991778 5601567 6728698 6295943 6120896 6436119

6. 1098375 1222203 1326563 1462281 1695174 1922853 2145675 2531608 2788242 2201368 2481123
restaurants
6.1 Trade & repair services 1016218 1124458 1242713 1361529 1579664 1806692 2030610 2395442 2658836 2180151 2458667
Transport, storage,
7. communication & services 813647 901861 951326 1045884 1132224 1100545 1079444 1110512 1139662 850710 888615
7.1 Railways 237638 280740 299653 332481 324557 274773 283352 282624 257705 181601 183451
2020-21 2021-22
S.No. Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
(P) (Pr)
7.2 Road transport 392312 420137 454700 474433 518463 540244 533160 592732 608827 423901 447839
7.3 Water transport 0 0 0 0 0 0
7.4 Air transport 1373 1285 659 2153 4737 6102 9158 4479 7418 582 719
7.5 22315 25425 14995 20070 19984 29353 29372 23820 28586 19021 19619
transport
7.6 Storage 329 320 279 218 218 230 128 305 308 182 181
Communication &
broadcasting

9. dwelling & professional 992301 1070974 1136212 1283995 1344142 1458926 1606722 1628435 1690381 1619572 1731083
services
xxiii
10. Public administration 757532 660874 612617 716753 641663 671507 1044521 984733 887422 911715 929930
11. Other services 692367 776851 848327 908255 885468 893169 754488 1065265 1330567 1325365 1438130
Tertiary 4762065 5078126 5333434 5901224 6295219 6634352 7243770 7930948 8483560 7590624 8191305
TOTAL NSVA at basic

12. 12559547 13658199 13651686 15529057 14109117 15580953 16845273 18604636 18705701 17480263 18917228
prices
14. Subsidies on products 332700 402757 342088 322780 304145 399704 308078 353746 432656 693434 474255
Net State Domestic

15. 13738347 14952629 15060933 17056800 15823112 17636312 19157307 20870146 20991267 19646721 21368099
Product
16. Population ('00) 333020 338480 344020 349660 355380 361210 366460 371800 377150 382490 387620
17. Per Capita NSDP (Rs.) 41254 44176 43779 48781 44524 48826 52277 56133 55658 51365 55126

Appendix 11: Growth (YoY) in Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of Jharkhand at Constant Prices (2011-12)
S.No. Item 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 (P) 2021-22 (Pr)
1. 5.79 -2.48 32.11 -30.11 24.84 1.78 -7.80 -0.37 6.91 15.34
and fishing
1.1 Crops 12.05 -5.69 5.25 -27.68 32.07 7.27 -22.51 10.57 6.39 26.61
1.2 Livestock -6.74 3.43 3.01 3.94 7.13 -2.66 16.50 8.05 3.15 3.57
Fishing and
1.4 2.56 9.66 0.76 8.68 25.75 31.90 9.93 6.78 6.63 9.18
aquaculture
Mining and
2. 6.22 -2.46 18.44 -3.37 -13.75 0.04 9.84 -0.63 -20.04 10.85
quarrying
Primary 5.96 -2.47 26.57 -19.97 7.17 1.14 -1.37 -0.48 -4.01 13.83
3. Manufacturing 23.64 -8.40 11.57 -27.22 35.75 14.46 24.71 -9.95 0.07 6.09
Electricity, gas,
xxiv
4. water supply & other 15.64 -0.44 -13.67 15.92 -55.77 50.12 50.00 26.15 -7.60 4.73
utility services
5. Construction -7.33 9.13 0.56 1.72 4.93 4.98 6.28 0.31 -9.64 2.46
Secondary 13.40 -3.50 7.31 -17.80 21.05 12.22 20.12 -6.43 -2.78 5.15

6. 11.27 8.54 10.23 15.93 13.43 11.59 17.99 10.14 -21.05 12.71
and restaurants
Trade & repair

6.1 10.65 10.52 9.56 16.02 14.37 12.39 17.97 11.00 -18.00 12.78
services
6.2 Hotels & restaurants 18.97 -14.22 20.16 14.65 0.56 -0.94 18.34 -4.96 -83.60 5.84
Transport, storage,
communication &
7. 10.84 5.48 9.94 8.26 -2.80 -1.92 2.88 2.62 -25.35 4.46
services related to
broadcasting
7.1 Railways 18.14 6.74 10.96 -2.38 -15.34 3.12 -0.26 -8.82 -29.53 1.02
7.2 Road transport 7.09 8.23 4.34 9.28 4.20 -1.31 11.17 2.72 -30.37 5.65
S.No. Item 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 (P) 2021-22 (Pr)
7.3 Water transport
7.4 Air transport -6.41 -48.72 226.71 120.02 28.82 50.08 -51.09 65.62 -92.15 23.47
Services incidental
7.5 13.94 -41.02 33.84 -0.43 46.88 0.06 -18.90 20.01 -33.46 3.14
to transport
7.6 Storage -2.74 -12.81 -21.86 0.00 5.50 -44.35 138.28 0.98 -40.91 -0.82
Communication &
7.7 services related to 8.94 4.07 19.60 22.05 -5.46 -10.23 -7.90 14.65 -4.81 5.05
broadcasting
8. Financial services 9.20 2.92 5.60 23.24 -1.54 4.35 -0.41 6.04 5.35 5.94
Real estate,
ownership of
9. 7.93 6.09 13.01 4.68 8.54 10.13 1.35 3.80 -4.19 6.89
dwelling &
Public
10. -12.76 -7.30 17.00 -10.48 4.65 55.55 -5.72 -9.88 2.74 2.00
administration
xxv
11. Other services 12.20 9.20 7.06 -2.51 0.87 -15.53 41.19 24.90 -0.39 8.51
Tertiary 6.64 5.03 10.65 6.68 5.39 9.19 9.49 6.97 -10.53 7.91
TOTAL NSVA at
12. 8.75 -0.05 13.75 -9.14 10.43 8.11 10.44 0.54 -6.55 8.22
basic prices
Subsidies on
14. 21.06 -15.06 -5.64 -5.77 31.42 -22.92 14.82 22.31 60.27 -31.61
products
Net State Domestic

15. 8.84 0.72 13.25 -7.23 11.46 8.62 8.94 0.58 -6.41 8.76
Product
16. Population ('00) 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.45 1.46 1.44 1.42 1.34
Per Capita NSDP

17. 7.08 -0.90 11.43 -8.73 9.66 7.07 7.38 -0.85 -7.71 7.32
(Rs.)
Appendix 12: Contribution of Sector Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of Jharkhand at Constant Prices (2011-12)
2020-21 2021-22
S.No. Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
(P) (Pr)
1. Agriculture, forestry and fishing 15.29 14.86 14.39 16.78 12.64 14.16 13.27 11.23 11.12 12.71 13.48
1.1 Crops 8.94 9.20 8.61 8.00 6.24 7.39 7.30 5.19 5.71 6.49 7.56
1.2 Livestock 3.42 2.93 3.01 2.73 3.06 2.94 2.64 2.82 3.03 3.34 3.18
1.4 Fishing and aquaculture 0.36 0.34 0.37 0.33 0.39 0.44 0.53 0.53 0.57 0.65 0.65
Primary 25.66 24.98 24.19 27.03 23.32 22.42 20.88 18.90 18.70 19.18 20.08
3. Manufacturing 19.95 22.66 20.61 20.30 15.93 19.40 20.44 23.40 20.95 22.40 21.85
xxvi
Electricity, gas, water supply &
4. 1.17 1.24 1.23 0.93 1.17 0.46 0.64 0.88 1.11 1.09 1.05
5. Construction 9.98 8.50 9.21 8.18 8.97 8.44 8.16 7.96 7.94 7.66 7.22
Secondary 31.10 32.40 31.04 29.41 26.06 28.30 29.24 32.24 29.99 31.15 30.12
6. Trade, repair, hotels and restaurants 7.99 8.17 8.81 8.57 10.71 10.90 11.20 12.13 13.28 11.20 11.61
6.1 Trade & repair services 7.40 7.52 8.25 7.98 9.98 10.24 10.60 11.48 12.67 11.10 11.51
Transport, storage, communication

7. 5.92 6.03 6.32 6.13 7.16 6.24 5.63 5.32 5.43 4.33 4.16
& services related to broadcasting
7.1 Railways 1.73 1.88 1.99 1.95 2.05 1.56 1.48 1.35 1.23 0.92 0.86
2020-21 2021-22
S.No. Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
(P) (Pr)
7.2 Road transport 2.86 2.81 3.02 2.78 3.28 3.06 2.78 2.84 2.90 2.16 2.10
7.3 Water transport 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.4 Air transport 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00
7.5 Services incidental to transport 0.16 0.17 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.17 0.15 0.11 0.14 0.10 0.09
7.6 Storage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Communication & services related

7.7 1.16 1.16 1.20 1.27 1.67 1.42 1.17 0.99 1.13 1.15 1.11
to broadcasting
Real estate, ownership of dwelling

9. 7.22 7.16 7.54 7.53 8.49 8.27 8.39 7.80 8.05 8.24 8.10
& professional services
xxvii
11. Other services 5.04 5.20 5.63 5.32 5.60 5.06 3.94 5.10 6.34 6.75 6.73
Tertiary 34.66 33.96 35.41 34.60 39.78 37.62 37.81 38.00 40.41 38.64 38.33
12. TOTAL NSVA at basic prices 91.42 91.34 90.64 91.04 89.17 88.35 87.93 89.14 89.11 88.97 88.53
15. Net State Domestic Product 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Appendix 13: State Wise Gross Domestic Product (GSDP) at Current Prices (2011-12)
(Rs in Crore)
S.
State\UT 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
No.
1 Andhra Pradesh 379402 411404 464272 524976 604229 684416 786135 873721 966099 1014374 1201736
2 Arunachal Pradesh 11063 12547 14581 17959 18509 19902 22475 25335 30034 31273 NA
3 Assam 143175 156864 177745 195723 227959 254382 283165 309336 346851 340177 NA
4 Bihar 247144 282368 317101 342951 371602 421051 468746 527976 582516 587154 675448
5 Chhattisgarh 158074 177511 206833 221118 225163 262802 282283 318101 344955 350270 NA
6 Goa 42367 38120 35921 47814 55054 62976 69352 71853 75032 75705 NA
7 Gujarat 615606 724495 807623 921773 1029010 1167156 1329095 1492156 1617143 1636781 NA
xxviii
8 Haryana 297539 347032 399268 437145 495504 561424 638832 698189 762044 758507 895671
9 Himachal Pradesh 72720 82820 94764 103772 114239 125634 138551 148383 159162 156675 175173
10 Jammu & Kashmir* 78256 87138 95619 98367 117168 124848 139709 159859 NA NA NA
11 Jharkhand 150918 174724 188567 218525 206613 236250 269816 305695 310305 300716 343178
12 Karnataka 606010 695413 816666 913923 1045168 1207608 1333240 1476496 1615457 1730991 2049379
13 Kerala 364048 412313 465041 512564 561994 634886 701588 788286 824374 799571 901998
14 Madhya Pradesh 315562 380925 439483 479939 541068 649823 726284 831024 938602 976281 1169004
15 Maharashtra 1280369 1459629 1649647 1779138 1966225 2198185 2352782 2567897 2734552 2711685 NA
16 Manipur 12915 13743 16182 18129 19531 21294 25789 27388 31297 34110 NA
17 Meghalaya 19918 21872 22938 23235 25117 27439 29508 32176 34770 34719 37830
S.
State\UT 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
No.
18 Mizoram 7259 8362 10293 13509 15139 17192 19385 21912 21128 18026 NA
19 Nagaland 12177 14121 16612 18401 19524 21722 24393 26527 29716 30425 NA
20 Odisha 230987 261700 296475 314250 328550 392804 440395 498611 532432 532652 642087
21 Punjab 266628 297734 332147 355102 390087 426988 471014 512510 537031 532555 584042
22 Rajasthan 434837 493551 551031 615642 681482 760587 832529 911674 999050 1013323 1196137
23 Sikkim 11165 12338 13862 15407 18034 20687 25971 28402 31441 31800 36825
24 Tamil Nadu 751486 854825 968530 1072678 1176500 1302639 1465051 1630209 1743144 1808239 2065436
25 Telangana 359434 401594 451580 505849 577902 658325 750050 857427 950287 961800 1148115
26 Tripura 19208 21663 25593 29533 35938 39479 43716 49823 54151 54415 64778
xxix
27 Uttar Pradesh 724050 822393 940356 1011790 1137808 1288700 1439925 1582180 1700273 1648567 1863221
28 Uttarakhand 115328 131613 149074 161439 177163 195125 220222 230327 236988 234660 253832
29 West Bengal 520485 591464 676848 718082 797300 872527 974700 1102283 1207823 1301017 NA
30 Andaman & Nicobar Islands 3978 4421 5023 5477 6032 6836 7890 9003 9765 NA NA
31 Chandigarh 18768 21609 24822 26549 29275 32427 36344 40139 43101 39714 NA
32 Delhi 343798 391388 443960 494803 550804 616085 677900 738389 794030 785342 923967
33 Jammu & Kashmir-U.T. 164135 170201 195118
34 Puducherry 16818 18875 21870 22574 26617 29573 32129 36386 36724 35685 37485
Source: MoSPI and Directorate of Economics & Statistics of respective State Governments
Appendix 14: State Wise Growth in Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) at Current Prices (2011-12)
S.
State\UT 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
No.
1 Andhra Pradesh 8.43 12.85 13.08 15.10 13.27 14.86 11.14 10.57 5.00 18.47
2 Arunachal Pradesh 13.41 16.22 23.17 3.06 7.53 12.93 12.73 18.55 4.13 NA
3 Assam 9.56 13.31 10.11 16.47 11.59 11.31 9.24 12.13 -1.92 NA
4 Bihar 14.25 12.30 8.15 8.35 13.31 11.33 12.64 10.33 0.80 15.04
5 Chhattisgarh 12.30 16.52 6.91 1.83 16.72 7.41 12.69 8.44 1.54 NA
6 Goa -10.02 -5.77 33.11 15.14 14.39 10.12 3.61 4.42 0.90 NA
7 Gujarat 17.69 11.47 14.13 11.63 13.43 13.87 12.27 8.38 1.21 NA
8 Haryana 16.63 15.05 9.49 13.35 13.30 13.79 9.29 9.15 -0.46 18.08
xxx
9 Himachal Pradesh 13.89 14.42 9.51 10.09 9.97 10.28 7.10 7.26 -1.56 11.81
10 Jammu & Kashmir* 11.35 9.73 2.87 19.11 6.55 11.90 14.42 NA NA NA
11 Jharkhand 15.77 7.92 15.89 -5.45 14.34 14.21 13.30 1.51 -3.09 14.12
12 Karnataka 14.75 17.44 11.91 14.36 15.54 10.40 10.74 9.41 7.15 18.39
13 Kerala 13.26 12.79 10.22 9.64 12.97 10.51 12.36 4.58 -3.01 12.81
14 Madhya Pradesh 20.71 15.37 9.21 12.74 20.10 11.77 14.42 12.95 4.01 19.74
15 Maharashtra 14.00 13.02 7.85 10.52 11.80 7.03 9.14 6.49 -0.84 NA
16 Manipur 6.42 17.75 12.03 7.73 9.03 21.11 6.20 14.27 8.99 NA
17 Meghalaya 9.81 4.87 1.29 8.10 9.24 7.54 9.04 8.06 -0.15 8.96
18 Mizoram 15.20 23.10 31.24 12.06 13.56 12.76 13.03 -3.58 -14.68 NA
S.
State\UT 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
No.
19 Nagaland 15.97 17.64 10.77 6.10 11.26 12.29 8.75 12.02 2.39 NA
20 Odisha 13.30 13.29 6.00 4.55 19.56 12.12 13.22 6.78 0.04 20.55
21 Punjab 11.67 11.56 6.91 9.85 9.46 10.31 8.81 4.78 -0.83 9.67
22 Rajasthan 13.50 11.65 11.73 10.69 11.61 9.46 9.51 9.58 1.43 18.04
23 Sikkim 10.51 12.35 11.14 17.05 14.71 25.54 9.36 10.70 1.14 15.80
24 Tamil Nadu 13.75 13.30 10.75 9.68 10.72 12.47 11.27 6.93 3.73 14.22
25 Telangana 11.73 12.45 12.02 14.24 13.92 13.93 14.32 10.83 1.21 19.37
26 Tripura 12.78 18.14 15.40 21.68 9.86 10.73 13.97 8.69 0.49 19.04
27 Uttar Pradesh 13.58 14.34 7.60 12.45 13.26 11.73 9.88 7.46 -3.04 13.02
xxxi
28 Uttarakhand 14.12 13.27 8.29 9.74 10.14 12.86 4.59 2.89 -0.98 8.17
29 West Bengal 13.64 14.44 6.09 11.03 9.44 11.71 13.09 9.57 7.72 NA
30 Andaman & Nicobar Islands 11.13 13.60 9.05 10.12 13.33 15.43 14.10 8.46 NA NA
31 Chandigarh 15.13 14.87 6.96 10.27 10.77 12.08 10.44 7.38 -7.86 NA
32 Delhi 13.84 13.43 11.45 11.32 11.85 10.03 8.92 7.54 -1.09 17.65
33 Jammu & Kashmir-U.T. 3.70 14.64
34 Puducherry 12.23 15.87 3.22 17.91 11.11 8.64 13.25 0.93 -2.83 5.04
Appendix 15: State Wise Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) at Constant Prices (2011-12)
(Rs in Crore)
S. No. State\UT 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
1 Andhra Pradesh 379402 380629 407115 444564 498606 540212 594737 626614 669783 670321 746913
3 Assam 143175 147342 154525 165212 191109 202081 219919 231040 240707 228463 NA
4 Bihar 247144 256851 269650 279482 296488 318797 344028 381383 398283 385728 428065
5 Chhattisgarh 158074 165977 182579 185813 190584 213705 220136 237695 249875 245452 NA
6 Goa 42367 35850 31568 40116 46091 51249 52653 53063 54812 53360 NA
7 Gujarat 615606 682650 734284 811428 894465 981342 1086570 1183020 1265277 1248189 NA
8 Haryana 297539 320912 347507 370535 413405 456709 482036 524171 566034 536226 588771
xxxii
11 Jharkhand 150918 163250 165816 186534 174881 193174 210587 229274 231755 218962 236816
12 Karnataka 606010 649673 711313 748429 831330 941774 1019708 1082614 1149829 1143873 1252233
13 Kerala 364048 387693 402781 419956 451210 485302 516190 554228 566523 514400 550920
14 Madhya Pradesh 315562 351683 365134 383944 418736 470669 497102 543235 575554 564514 621653
15 Maharashtra 1280369 1357942 1451615 1543165 1654284 1807046 1888706 1972960 2043983 1889307 NA
16 Manipur 12915 12993 14115 15245 16424 17082 18751 18262 20126 20767 NA
17 Meghalaya 19918 20354 20726 20140 20638 21730 22564 23719 24923 23751 25697
18 Mizoram 7259 7778 9038 11261 12324 13595 14758 16100 15272 14417 NA
S. No. State\UT 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
19 Nagaland 12177 12868 13793 14399 14660 15650 16440 16868 18477 17992 NA
20 Odisha 230987 243363 265892 270665 292229 337348 361117 386733 397992 381470 420333
21 Punjab 266628 280823 299450 312125 330052 352721 375406 397019 413295 399780 427543
22 Rajasthan 434837 454564 486230 521509 563340 596746 628020 642929 679564 660118 733017
23 Sikkim 11165 11421 12114 13071 14370 15397 17673 18625 19492 19040 20672
24 Tamil Nadu 751486 791824 851976 893915 967562 1036762 1125793 1204667 1243836 1245595 1345108
25 Telangana 359434 370113 389957 416332 464542 507946 557410 608401 641244 609927 676304
26 Tripura 19208 20873 22819 26965 26787 30538 33093 36754 38063 37244 40480
27 Uttar Pradesh 724050 758205 802070 834432 908241 1011500 1056399 1097353 1140275 1077392 1123090
28 Uttarakhand 115328 123710 134182 141278 152699 167703 180956 186083 187179 178912 189882
xxxiii
29 West Bengal 520485 542191 558497 574364 609545 653416 694980 739082 784424 792720 NA
Andaman & Nicobar

30 3978 4156 4488 4742 5092 5752 6464 6867 7266 NA NA
Islands
31 Chandigarh 18768 20285 22105 22870 24932 26917 28480 29866 31083 27870 NA
32 Delhi 343798 366628 392908 428355 475623 511765 542015 565327 587316 564669 622430
33 Jammu & Kashmir-U.T. 113943 112628 121524
34 Puducherry 16818 17310 19170 18207 19060 20474 22318 25984 26474 25740 26591
Appendix 16: State Wise Growth in Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) at Constant Prices (2011-12)
S. No. State\UT 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
1 Andhra Pradesh 0.32 6.96 9.20 12.16 8.34 10.09 5.36 6.89 0.08 11.43
2 Arunachal Pradesh 2.14 9.21 16.56 -0.99 4.59 4.56 7.04 14.85 -1.45 NA
3 Assam 2.91 4.88 6.92 15.67 5.74 8.83 5.06 4.18 -5.09 NA
4 Bihar 3.93 4.98 3.65 6.08 7.52 7.91 10.86 4.43 -3.15 10.98
5 Chhattisgarh 5.00 10.00 1.77 2.57 12.13 3.01 7.98 5.12 -1.77 NA
6 Goa -15.38 -11.94 27.08 14.89 11.19 2.74 0.78 3.30 -2.65 NA
7 Gujarat 10.89 7.56 10.51 10.23 9.71 10.72 8.88 6.95 -1.35 NA
8 Haryana 7.86 8.29 6.63 11.57 10.48 5.55 8.74 7.99 -5.27 9.80
xxxiv
10 Jammu & Kashmir* 3.21 5.38 -3.22 17.76 3.30 6.41 7.91 NA NA NA
11 Jharkhand 8.17 1.57 12.49 -6.25 10.46 9.01 8.87 1.08 -5.52 8.15
12 Karnataka 7.21 9.49 5.22 11.08 13.29 8.28 6.17 6.21 -0.52 9.47
13 Kerala 6.50 3.89 4.26 7.44 7.56 6.36 7.37 2.22 -9.20 7.10
14 Madhya Pradesh 11.45 3.82 5.15 9.06 12.40 5.62 9.28 5.95 -1.92 10.12
15 Maharashtra 6.06 6.90 6.31 7.20 9.23 4.52 4.46 3.60 -7.57 NA
16 Manipur 0.61 8.64 8.00 7.73 4.01 9.77 -2.61 10.20 3.19 NA
17 Meghalaya 2.19 1.83 -2.82 2.47 5.29 3.84 5.12 5.08 -4.71 8.19
18 Mizoram 7.15 16.21 24.59 9.44 10.32 8.55 9.10 -5.15 -5.59 NA
S. No. State\UT 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
19 Nagaland 5.68 7.19 4.39 1.82 6.75 5.05 2.60 9.54 -2.63 NA
20 Odisha 5.36 9.26 1.80 7.97 15.44 7.05 7.09 2.91 -4.15 10.19
21 Punjab 5.32 6.63 4.23 5.74 6.87 6.43 5.76 4.10 -3.27 6.94
22 Rajasthan 4.54 6.97 7.26 8.02 5.93 5.24 2.37 5.70 -2.86 11.04
23 Sikkim 2.29 6.07 7.90 9.93 7.15 14.78 5.38 4.66 -2.32 8.57
24 Tamil Nadu 5.37 7.60 4.92 8.24 7.15 8.59 7.01 3.25 0.14 7.99
25 Telangana 2.97 5.36 6.76 11.58 9.34 9.74 9.15 5.40 -4.88 10.88
26 Tripura 8.67 9.32 18.17 -0.66 14.00 8.37 11.06 3.56 -2.15 8.69
27 Uttar Pradesh 4.72 5.79 4.03 8.85 11.37 4.44 3.88 3.91 -5.51 4.24
28 Uttarakhand 7.27 8.47 5.29 8.08 9.83 7.90 2.83 0.59 -4.42 6.13
xxxv
29 West Bengal 4.17 3.01 2.84 6.13 7.20 6.36 6.35 6.13 1.06 NA
31 Chandigarh 8.08 8.97 3.46 9.02 7.96 5.80 4.87 4.08 -10.34 NA
32 Delhi 6.64 7.17 9.02 11.03 7.60 5.91 4.30 3.89 -3.86 10.23
33 Jammu & Kashmir-U.T. -1.15 7.90
34 Puducherry 2.93 10.74 -5.03 4.69 7.42 9.00 16.43 1.89 -2.77 3.31
Appendix 17: State Wise Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at Current Prices (2011-12)
(Rs in Crore)
S. No. State\UT 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
1 Andhra Pradesh 339996 370196 413164 470934 544827 612349 705890 790810 874402 917920 1085625
3 Assam 129354 142039 160442 172849 201309 222397 253726 276625 311031 303016 NA
4 Bihar 228497 261327 292143 315732 340119 386879 431128 483604 533234 533583 614431
5 Chhattisgarh 142273 159431 186050 197314 200653 232640 254577 283385 307995 312532 NA
6 Goa 38009 34567 32043 43233 50354 57449 62873 65083 67354 67075 NA
7 Gujarat 532809 634572 707456 804764 893997 1016683 1166370 1318696 1437478 1459229 NA
8 Haryana 271152 314353 362196 392950 446059 507276 579685 629035 687996 683810 808030
xxxvi
11 Jharkhand 137383 160304 172030 200357 187479 216791 247302 280417 282924 271839 304903
12 Karnataka 554952 635924 746569 825782 950866 1102636 1209019 1343103 1467522 1575400 1870429
13 Kerala 328021 371384 417265 460614 505910 570591 632094 712161 742223 718034 811517
14 Madhya Pradesh 282371 333937 393115 429027 486034 590669 660761 756128 854702 881530 1061297
15 Maharashtra 1126595 1282180 1448720 1553217 1735308 1954774 2081195 2264092 2408482 2393953 NA
16 Manipur 11501 12188 14440 16275 17493 19132 23557 24840 28353 30866 NA
17 Meghalaya 18028 19653 20415 20697 22516 24641 26452 28821 31222 30791 33690
18 Mizoram 6404 7375 8989 12067 13595 15431 18239 19534 18437 17463 NA
S. No. State\UT 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
19 Nagaland 10554 12318 14545 16104 17128 19174 21645 23412 26528 26923 NA
20 Odisha 204226 233312 260977 274923 283979 342332 387517 439649 467925 462358 571793
21 Punjab 239227 267116 297908 316745 350011 384197 422638 459218 478916 471074 516142
22 Rajasthan 395331 446382 494236 551517 610713 682626 748490 819340 898081 914262 1078903
23 Sikkim 9742 10817 12203 13556 15743 18163 22835 24801 27522 27778 32133
24 Tamil Nadu 674478 768295 858870 957350 1057084 1171973 1317984 1468449 1564831 1617931 1845519
25 Telangana 325139 364030 408282 456280 522994 597812 679427 778391 864105 868926 1041617
26 Tripura 17419 19631 23329 26643 32476 35668 39505 44901 48728 48527 57589
27 Uttar Pradesh 645132 732995 833825 891798 1009386 1145620 1279619 1397986 1494889 1425330 1614798
28 Uttarakhand 101960 117041 131814 143789 158277 175178 198202 206467 211374 207289 225097
xxxvii
29 West Bengal 473205 539618 617470 651492 725992 794033 890757 1004649 1100651 1186857 NA
31 Chandigarh 16930 19507 22308 23662 25991 28881 32511 36106 38934 35216 NA
32 Delhi 314650 357400 404841 448487 500524 558546 613631 665808 713549 702519 836162
33 Jammu & Kashmir-U.T. 135139 137397 162926
34 Puducherry 15160 16984 19778 20143 24303 27073 29436 33326 33266 32006 33806
Appendix 18: State Wise Growth in Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at Current Prices (2011-12)
S. No. State\UT 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
1 Andhra Pradesh 8.88 11.61 13.98 15.69 12.39 15.28 12.03 10.57 4.98 18.27
3 Assam 9.81 12.96 7.73 16.47 10.48 14.09 9.02 12.44 -2.58 NA
4 Bihar 14.37 11.79 8.07 7.72 13.75 11.44 12.17 10.26 0.07 15.15
5 Chhattisgarh 12.06 16.70 6.05 1.69 15.94 9.43 11.32 8.68 1.47 NA
6 Goa -9.05 -7.30 34.92 16.47 14.09 9.44 3.52 3.49 -0.41 NA
7 Gujarat 19.10 11.49 13.75 11.09 13.72 14.72 13.06 9.01 1.51 NA
8 Haryana 15.93 15.22 8.49 13.52 13.72 14.27 8.51 9.37 -0.61 18.17
xxxviii
11 Jharkhand 16.68 7.32 16.47 -6.43 15.63 14.07 13.39 0.89 -3.92 12.16
12 Karnataka 14.59 17.40 10.61 15.15 15.96 9.65 11.09 9.26 7.35 18.73
13 Kerala 13.22 12.35 10.39 9.83 12.79 10.78 12.67 4.22 -3.26 13.02
14 Madhya Pradesh 18.26 17.72 9.14 13.29 21.53 11.87 14.43 13.04 3.14 20.39
15 Maharashtra 13.81 12.99 7.21 11.72 12.65 6.47 8.79 6.38 -0.60 NA
16 Manipur 5.97 18.47 12.71 7.48 9.37 23.13 5.45 14.14 8.86 NA
17 Meghalaya 9.01 3.88 1.38 8.79 9.44 7.35 8.96 8.33 -1.38 9.41
18 Mizoram 15.17 21.88 34.24 12.66 13.50 18.20 7.10 -5.62 -5.28 NA
S. No. State\UT 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
19 Nagaland 16.71 18.08 10.72 6.36 11.94 12.89 8.16 13.31 1.49 NA
20 Odisha 14.24 11.86 5.34 3.29 20.55 13.20 13.45 6.43 -1.19 23.67
21 Punjab 11.66 11.53 6.32 10.50 9.77 10.01 8.66 4.29 -1.64 9.57
22 Rajasthan 12.91 10.72 11.59 10.73 11.78 9.65 9.47 9.61 1.80 18.01
23 Sikkim 11.03 12.82 11.08 16.14 15.37 25.72 8.61 10.97 0.93 15.68
24 Tamil Nadu 13.91 11.79 11.47 10.42 10.87 12.46 11.42 6.56 3.39 14.07
25 Telangana 11.96 12.16 11.76 14.62 14.31 13.65 14.57 11.01 0.56 19.87
26 Tripura 12.70 18.84 14.21 21.89 9.83 10.76 13.66 8.52 -0.41 18.67
27 Uttar Pradesh 13.62 13.76 6.95 13.19 13.50 11.70 9.25 6.93 -4.65 13.29
28 Uttarakhand 14.79 12.62 9.08 10.08 10.68 13.14 4.17 2.38 -1.93 8.59
xxxix
29 West Bengal 14.03 14.43 5.51 11.44 9.37 12.18 12.79 9.56 7.83 NA
30 Andaman & Nicobar 11.44 13.05 14.62 9.04 12.86 16.71 14.58 8.08 NA NA
Islands
31 Chandigarh 15.22 14.36 6.07 9.84 11.12 12.57 11.06 7.83 -9.55 NA
32 Delhi 13.59 13.27 10.78 11.60 11.59 9.86 8.50 7.17 -1.55 19.02
34 Puducherry 12.04 16.45 1.85 20.65 11.40 8.73 13.21 -0.18 -3.79 5.62
Appendix 19: State Wise Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at Constant Prices (2011-12)
(Rs in Crore)
S. No. State\UT 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
1 Andhra Pradesh 339996 341335 360239 397064 446997 477566 526626 558862 595658 593869 661432
3 Assam 129354 132518 138725 146425 167629 179632 195262 204627 212315 199646 NA
4 Bihar 228497 236933 246915 255739 269200 289265 312605 345545 359196 344183 382274
5 Chhattisgarh 142273 148760 163494 165354 168879 187541 194073 209211 220624 215126 NA
6 Goa 38009 32453 27971 36042 41929 46371 47077 47425 48509 46421 NA
7 Gujarat 532809 596659 641489 705629 774775 843930 946511 1034399 1110179 1099259 NA
8 Haryana 271152 289756 314931 333359 372700 412055 434407 470328 507776 480471 527733
xl
Jammu &
10 65319 67316 70536 67154 80602 82636 87591 93072 NA NA NA
Kashmir*
11 Jharkhand 137383 149526 150609 170568 158231 176363 191573 208701 209913 196467 213681
12 Karnataka 554952 593192 646787 671283 749952 851394 915642 974815 1030357 1026875 1127480
13 Kerala 328021 348616 364707 382134 411150 443615 473182 510787 521455 472272 506107
14 Madhya Pradesh 282371 306853 322598 339247 370716 419465 441956 482361 508146 490238 539180
15 Maharashtra 1126595 1189711 1267551 1345341 1452513 1596121 1661065 1728578 1782903 1653094 NA
16 Manipur 11501 11515 12519 13615 14635 15201 16870 16193 17756 18230 NA
17 Meghalaya 18028 18323 18397 17893 18330 19295 19964 20968 21997 20620 22527
18 Mizoram 6404 6836 7831 9960 10948 12029 13779 14116 13050 11781 NA
S. No. State\UT 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
19 Nagaland 10554 11163 11923 12406 12600 13488 14178 15055 15853 15200 NA
20 Odisha 204226 216301 233122 235931 253192 293348 316192 338339 346106 326253 365116
21 Punjab 239227 251813 267515 278485 294895 315783 335057 353942 367558 352357 376781
22 Rajasthan 395331 409802 434292 465408 501922 529650 557618 568102 598550 583645 648142
23 Sikkim 9742 9970 10590 11437 12484 13416 15204 15889 16588 16147 17442
24 Tamil Nadu 674478 709343 750416 791915 862437 922084 1000308 1071602 1099402 1094471 1181923
25 Telangana 325139 334205 349593 372897 416892 455731 498145 544441 572736 537753 599614
26 Tripura 17419 18857 20623 24407 23745 27204 29505 32703 33695 32615 35395
27 Uttar Pradesh 645132 673552 707469 729686 792049 888453 922458 949184 980106 910011 948839
xli
28 Uttarakhand 101960 109528 117778 125702 136144 150303 162205 166519 166351 156792 167487
29 West Bengal 473205 492901 503952 515702 546988 584911 623787 659288 697554 706648 NA
Andaman &
30 3404 3558 3811 4151 4483 5091 5750 6108 6430 NA NA
Nicobar Islands
31 Chandigarh 16930 18305 19813 20353 22058 23842 25289 26654 27817 24422 NA
32 Delhi 314650 334193 356528 387639 431730 461592 487631 506332 521994 496284 548058
Jammu & Kashmir-

33 90791 87102 97335
U.T.
34 Puducherry 15160 15507 17239 16055 17025 18284 20024 23468 23672 22816 23666
Appendix 20: State Wise Growth in Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at Constant Prices (2011-12)
S.
State\UT 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
No.
1 Andhra Pradesh 0.39 5.54 10.22 12.58 6.84 10.27 6.12 6.58 -0.30 11.38
3 Assam 2.45 4.68 5.55 14.48 7.16 8.70 4.80 3.76 -5.97 NA
4 Bihar 3.69 4.21 3.57 5.26 7.45 8.07 10.54 3.95 -4.18 11.07
5 Chhattisgarh 4.56 9.90 1.14 2.13 11.05 3.48 7.80 5.46 -2.49 NA
6 Goa -14.62 -13.81 28.85 16.34 10.59 1.52 0.74 2.29 -4.30 NA
7 Gujarat 11.98 7.51 10.00 9.80 8.93 12.16 9.29 7.33 -0.98 NA
8 Haryana 6.86 8.69 5.85 11.80 10.56 5.42 8.27 7.96 -5.38 9.84
xlii
10 Jammu & Kashmir* 3.06 4.78 -4.79 20.03 2.52 6.00 6.26 NA NA NA
11 Jharkhand 8.84 0.72 13.25 -7.23 11.46 8.62 8.94 0.58 -6.41 8.76
12 Karnataka 6.89 9.04 3.79 11.72 13.53 7.55 6.46 5.70 -0.34 9.80
13 Kerala 6.28 4.62 4.78 7.59 7.90 6.66 7.95 2.09 -9.43 7.16
14 Madhya Pradesh 8.67 5.13 5.16 9.28 13.15 5.36 9.14 5.35 -3.52 9.98
15 Maharashtra 5.60 6.54 6.14 7.97 9.89 4.07 4.06 3.14 -7.28 NA
16 Manipur 0.12 8.72 8.75 7.49 3.87 10.98 -4.02 9.65 2.67 NA
17 Meghalaya 1.64 0.40 -2.74 2.44 5.26 3.47 5.03 4.91 -6.26 9.25
18 Mizoram 6.75 14.55 27.18 9.92 9.88 14.55 2.44 -7.55 -9.73 NA
S.
State\UT 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
No.
19 Nagaland 5.77 6.81 4.05 1.56 7.05 5.11 6.19 5.30 -4.12 NA
20 Odisha 5.91 7.78 1.20 7.32 15.86 7.79 7.00 2.30 -5.74 11.91
21 Punjab 5.26 6.24 4.10 5.89 7.08 6.10 5.64 3.85 -4.14 6.93
22 Rajasthan 3.66 5.98 7.16 7.85 5.52 5.28 1.88 5.36 -2.49 11.05
23 Sikkim 2.34 6.21 8.00 9.16 7.46 13.33 4.50 4.40 -2.66 8.02
24 Tamil Nadu 5.17 5.79 5.53 8.91 6.92 8.48 7.13 2.59 -0.45 7.99
25 Telangana 2.79 4.60 6.67 11.80 9.32 9.31 9.29 5.20 -6.11 11.50
26 Tripura 8.26 9.36 18.35 -2.71 14.56 8.46 10.84 3.03 -3.20 8.52
27 Uttar Pradesh 4.41 5.04 3.14 8.55 12.17 3.83 2.90 3.26 -7.15 4.27
xliii
28 Uttarakhand 7.42 7.53 6.73 8.31 10.40 7.92 2.66 -0.10 -5.75 6.82
29 West Bengal 4.16 2.24 2.33 6.07 6.93 6.65 5.69 5.80 1.30 NA
31 Chandigarh 8.12 8.24 2.72 8.38 8.09 6.07 5.40 4.36 -12.21 NA
32 Delhi 6.21 6.68 8.73 11.37 6.92 5.64 3.84 3.09 -4.93 10.43
33 Jammu & Kashmir-U.T. -4.06 11.75
34 Puducherry 2.29 11.16 -6.87 6.04 7.40 9.52 17.20 0.87 -3.62 3.73
Appendix 21: State Wise Per Capita Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at Current Prices (2011-12)
(Figure in Rs.)
S. No. State\UT 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
1 Andhra Pradesh 69000 74687 82870 93903 108002 120676 138299 154031 169320 176707 207771
3 Assam 41142 44599 49734 52895 60817 66330 75151 81034 90123 86857 NA
4 Bihar 21750 24487 26948 28671 30404 34045 36850 40715 44230 43605 49470
5 Chhattisgarh 55177 60849 69880 72936 72991 83285 89690 98254 105089 104943 NA
6 Goa 259444 234354 215776 289185 334576 378953 411740 423716 435949 431351 NA
7 Gujarat 87481 102826 113139 127017 139254 156295 176961 197457 212428 212821 NA
8 Haryana 106085 121269 137770 147382 164963 184982 208437 223015 240507 235707 274635
xliv
11 Jharkhand 41254 47360 50006 57301 52754 60018 67484 75421 75016 71071 78660
12 Karnataka 90263 102319 118829 130024 148108 169898 185840 204804 222002 236451 278786
13 Kerala 97912 110314 123388 135537 148133 166246 183252 205437 213041 205067 230601
14 Madhya Pradesh 38497 44773 51849 55678 62080 74324 81966 92486 103103 104894 124685
15 Maharashtra 99597 112092 125261 132836 146815 163726 172663 186074 196100 193121 NA
16 Manipur 39762 41230 47798 52717 55447 59345 71507 73795 82437 87832 NA
17 Meghalaya 60013 64036 65118 64638 68836 73753 77504 82653 87653 84638 90638
S. No. State\UT 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
18 Mizoram 57654 65013 77584 103049 114055 127107 155222 164708 153902 144394 NA
19 Nagaland 53010 61225 71510 78367 82466 91347 102003 109198 122759 123385 NA
20 Odisha 48387 54762 60687 63345 64835 77507 87055 98005 103512 101501 124669
21 Punjab 85577 94318 103831 108970 118858 128780 139835 149974 154385 149894 162112
22 Rajasthan 57192 63658 69480 76429 83426 91924 98698 106624 115356 115933 135218
23 Sikkim 158667 174183 194624 214148 245987 280729 349163 375773 412627 412754 472543
24 Tamil Nadu 93112 105340 116960 129494 142028 156595 175276 194373 206165 212174 241131
25 Telangana 91121 101007 112162 124104 140840 159395 179358 209848 231378 231103 275443
26 Tripura 47155 52574 61815 69857 84267 91596 100444 113016 121456 119789 140803
27 Uttar Pradesh 32002 35812 40124 42267 47118 52671 57944 62350 65666 61666 68810
xlv
28 Uttarakhand 100314 113654 126356 136099 147936 161752 180858 186207 188441 182698 196282
29 West Bengal 51543 58195 65932 68876 75992 82291 91401 103944 113163 121267 NA
31 Chandigarh 158967 180457 203356 212594 230009 252236 280512 307812 328002 292977 NA
32 Delhi 185001 205568 227900 247209 270261 295558 318323 338730 356151 344136 401982
33 Jammu & Kashmir-U.T. 101891 102803 121000
34 Puducherry 119649 130548 148147 146921 172727 187356 198358 218673 217138 206888 214913
Appendix 22: State Growth in Per Capita Net State Domestic Product (NDSP) at Current Prices (2011-12)
S.
State\UT 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
No.
1 Andhra Pradesh 8.24 10.96 13.31 15.01 11.74 14.60 11.38 9.93 4.36 17.58
3 Assam 8.40 11.51 6.36 14.98 9.07 13.30 7.83 11.22 -3.62 NA
4 Bihar 12.59 10.05 6.39 6.05 11.98 8.24 10.49 8.63 -1.41 13.45
5 Chhattisgarh 10.28 14.84 4.37 0.08 14.10 7.69 9.55 6.96 -0.14 NA
6 Goa -9.67 -7.93 34.02 15.70 13.26 8.65 2.91 2.89 -1.05 NA
7 Gujarat 17.54 10.03 12.27 9.63 12.24 13.22 11.58 7.58 0.19 NA
8 Haryana 14.31 13.61 6.98 11.93 12.14 12.68 6.99 7.84 -2.00 16.52
xlvi
11 Jharkhand 14.80 5.59 14.59 -7.93 13.77 12.44 11.76 -0.54 -5.26 10.68
12 Karnataka 13.36 16.14 9.42 13.91 14.71 9.38 10.20 8.40 6.51 17.90
13 Kerala 12.67 11.85 9.85 9.29 12.23 10.23 12.11 3.70 -3.74 12.45
14 Madhya Pradesh 16.30 15.80 7.38 11.50 19.72 10.28 12.83 11.48 1.74 18.87
15 Maharashtra 12.55 11.75 6.05 10.52 11.52 5.46 7.77 5.39 -1.52 NA
16 Manipur 3.69 15.93 10.29 5.18 7.03 20.49 3.20 11.71 6.54 NA
17 Meghalaya 6.70 1.69 -0.74 6.49 7.14 5.09 6.64 6.05 -3.44 7.09
18 Mizoram 12.76 19.34 32.82 10.68 11.44 22.12 6.11 -6.56 -6.18 NA
S.
State\UT 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
No.
19 Nagaland 15.50 16.80 9.59 5.23 10.77 11.67 7.05 12.42 0.51 NA
20 Odisha 13.18 10.82 4.38 2.35 19.54 12.32 12.58 5.62 -1.94 22.82
21 Punjab 10.22 10.09 4.95 9.07 8.35 8.58 7.25 2.94 -2.91 8.15
22 Rajasthan 11.31 9.15 10.00 9.16 10.19 7.37 8.03 8.19 0.50 16.63
23 Sikkim 9.78 11.74 10.03 14.87 14.12 24.38 7.62 9.81 0.03 14.49
24 Tamil Nadu 13.13 11.03 10.72 9.68 10.26 11.93 10.90 6.07 2.91 13.65
25 Telangana 10.85 11.04 10.65 13.49 13.17 12.52 17.00 10.26 -0.12 19.19
26 Tripura 11.49 17.58 13.01 20.63 8.70 9.66 12.52 7.47 -1.37 17.54
27 Uttar Pradesh 11.91 12.04 5.34 11.48 11.79 10.01 7.60 5.32 -6.09 11.58
xlvii
28 Uttarakhand 13.30 11.18 7.71 8.70 9.34 11.81 2.96 1.20 -3.05 7.44
29 West Bengal 12.90 13.29 4.47 10.33 8.29 11.07 13.72 8.87 7.16 NA
31 Chandigarh 13.52 12.69 4.54 8.19 9.66 11.21 9.73 6.56 -10.68 NA
32 Delhi 11.12 10.86 8.47 9.32 9.36 7.70 6.41 5.14 -3.37 16.81
34 Puducherry 9.11 13.48 -0.83 17.56 8.47 5.87 10.24 -0.70 -4.72 3.88
Appendix 23: State Wise Per Capita Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at Constant Price (2011-12)
(Figure in Rs.)
S. No. State\UT 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
1 Andhra Pradesh 69000 68865 72254 79174 88609 94115 103177 108853 115344 114324 126587
3 Assam 41142 41609 43002 44809 50642 53575 57835 59943 61519 57227 NA
4 Bihar 21750 22201 22776 23223 24064 25455 26719 29092 29794 28127 30779
5 Chhattisgarh 55177 56777 61409 61122 61433 67139 68374 72537 75278 72236 NA
6 Goa 259444 220019 188358 241081 278601 305875 308296 308753 313973 298527 NA
7 Gujarat 87481 96683 102589 111370 120683 129738 143604 154887 164060 160321 NA
8 Haryana 106085 111780 119791 125032 137833 150259 156200 166747 177507 165617 179367
xlviii
11 Jharkhand 41254 44176 43779 48781 44524 48826 52277 56133 55658 51365 55126
12 Karnataka 90263 95444 102947 105697 116813 131186 140745 148645 155869 154123 168050
13 Kerala 97912 103551 107846 112444 120387 129251 137181 147347 149674 134878 143816
14 Madhya Pradesh 38497 41142 42548 44027 47351 52782 54824 59000 61298 58334 63345
15 Maharashtra 99597 104008 109597 115058 122889 133686 137808 142063 145165 133356 NA
16 Manipur 39762 38954 41441 44101 46389 47151 51211 48106 51625 51876 NA
17 Meghalaya 60013 59703 58681 55880 56039 57752 58493 60132 61755 56679 60606
18 Mizoram 57654 60261 67594 85056 91845 99089 117272 119022 108933 97408 NA
S. No. State\UT 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
19 Nagaland 53010 55482 58619 60372 60663 64259 66813 70218 73361 69663 NA
20 Odisha 48387 50769 54209 54361 57806 66416 71032 75421 76564 71622 79607
21 Punjab 85577 88915 93238 95807 100141 105848 110857 115592 118487 112119 118341
22 Rajasthan 57192 58441 61053 64496 68565 71324 73529 73929 76882 74009 81231
23 Sikkim 158667 160553 168897 180675 195066 207355 232483 240743 248691 239928 256507
24 Tamil Nadu 93112 97257 102191 107117 115875 123206 133029 141844 144845 143528 154427
25 Telangana 91121 92732 96039 101424 112267 121512 131503 146777 153360 143023 158561
26 Tripura 47155 50501 54645 63992 61612 69860 75020 82313 83985 80512 86539
27 Uttar Pradesh 32002 32908 34044 34583 36973 40847 41771 42333 43053 39371 40432
28 Uttarakhand 100314 106359 112900 118979 127249 138784 148011 150179 148303 138191 146047
xlix
29 West Bengal 51543 53157 53811 54520 57255 60618 64007 68212 71719 72202 NA
31 Chandigarh 158967 169336 180615 182867 195205 208231 218201 227231 234350 203180 NA
32 Delhi 185001 192220 200702 213669 233115 244255 252960 257597 260541 243110 263477
33 Jammu & Kashmir-U.T. 68455 65172 72287
34 Puducherry 119649 119196 129127 117102 121000 126531 134934 153988 154517 147483 150454
Appendix 24: State Wise Growth in Per Capita Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at Current Prices (2011-12)
S. No. State\UT 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
1 Andhra Pradesh -0.20 4.92 9.58 11.92 6.21 9.63 5.50 5.96 -0.88 10.73
3 Assam 1.14 3.35 4.20 13.02 5.79 7.95 3.64 2.63 -6.98 NA
4 Bihar 2.08 2.59 1.96 3.62 5.78 4.97 8.88 2.41 -5.60 9.43
5 Chhattisgarh 2.90 8.16 -0.47 0.51 9.29 1.84 6.09 3.78 -4.04 NA
6 Goa -15.20 -14.39 27.99 15.56 9.79 0.79 0.15 1.69 -4.92 NA
7 Gujarat 10.52 6.11 8.56 8.36 7.50 10.69 7.86 5.92 -2.28 NA
8 Haryana 5.37 7.17 4.37 10.24 9.02 3.95 6.75 6.45 -6.70 8.30
l
Jammu &
10 2.02 3.73 -5.74 18.86 1.64 5.17 5.43 NA NA NA
Kashmir*
11 Jharkhand 7.08 -0.90 11.43 -8.73 9.66 7.07 7.38 -0.85 -7.71 7.32
12 Karnataka 5.74 7.86 2.67 10.52 12.30 7.29 5.61 4.86 -1.12 9.04
13 Kerala 5.76 4.15 4.26 7.06 7.36 6.14 7.41 1.58 -9.89 6.63
14 Madhya Pradesh 6.87 3.42 3.47 7.55 11.47 3.87 7.62 3.89 -4.84 8.59
15 Maharashtra 4.43 5.37 4.98 6.81 8.79 3.08 3.09 2.18 -8.13 NA
16 Manipur -2.03 6.39 6.42 5.19 1.64 8.61 -6.06 7.31 0.49 NA
17 Meghalaya -0.52 -1.71 -4.77 0.28 3.06 1.28 2.80 2.70 -8.22 6.93
S. No. State\UT 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
18 Mizoram 4.52 12.17 25.83 7.98 7.89 18.35 1.49 -8.48 -10.58 NA
19 Nagaland 4.66 5.65 2.99 0.48 5.93 3.98 5.10 4.48 -5.04 NA
20 Odisha 4.92 6.78 0.28 6.34 14.89 6.95 6.18 1.51 -6.45 11.15
21 Punjab 3.90 4.86 2.75 4.52 5.70 4.73 4.27 2.50 -5.37 5.55
22 Rajasthan 2.19 4.47 5.64 6.31 4.02 3.09 0.54 3.99 -3.74 9.76
23 Sikkim 1.19 5.20 6.97 7.97 6.30 12.12 3.55 3.30 -3.52 6.91
24 Tamil Nadu 4.45 5.07 4.82 8.18 6.33 7.97 6.63 2.12 -0.91 7.59
25 Telangana 1.77 3.57 5.61 10.69 8.23 8.22 11.62 4.48 -6.74 10.86
26 Tripura 7.10 8.21 17.10 -3.72 13.39 7.39 9.72 2.03 -4.14 7.49
li
27 Uttar Pradesh 2.83 3.45 1.58 6.91 10.48 2.26 1.35 1.70 -8.55 2.69
28 Uttarakhand 6.03 6.15 5.38 6.95 9.06 6.65 1.47 -1.25 -6.82 5.68
29 West Bengal 3.13 1.23 1.32 5.02 5.87 5.59 6.57 5.14 0.67 NA
Andaman &
30 3.98 6.57 8.08 7.45 12.97 12.37 5.96 4.75 NA NA
Nicobar Islands
31 Chandigarh 6.52 6.66 1.25 6.75 6.67 4.79 4.14 3.13 -13.30 NA
32 Delhi 3.90 4.41 6.46 9.10 4.78 3.56 1.83 1.14 -6.69 8.38
Jammu & Kashmir-

33 -4.80 10.92
U.T.
34 Puducherry -0.38 8.33 -9.31 3.33 4.57 6.64 14.12 0.34 -4.55 2.01

Jharkhand Economic Survey 2022-23

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JHARKHAND

Prepared By : Centre for Fiscal Studies, Planning and Development Department

Name of the Authors Chapters and Sections

CHAPTER 2: FISCAL DEVELOPMENT AND State FINANCES 27-52

CHAPTER 4: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND PANCHAYATI RAJ 83-118

CHAPTER 5: URBAN DEVELOPMENT 119-148

CHAPTER 7: FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY 187-220

CHAPTER 8: INDUSTRY 221-250

CHAPTER 9: INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATION 251-292

CHAPTER 10: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT 293-326

CHAPTER 11: EDUCATION 327-362

CHAPTER 12: HEALTH AND NUTRITION 363-408

CHAPTER 13: DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION 409-434

STATISTICAL APPENDICES i-lii

List of Tables, Figures, Boxes, Maps and Appendices

CHAPTER 1: MACRO ECONOMIC OVERVIEW

CHAPTER 2: FISCAL DEVELOPMENT AND State FINANCES

CHAPTER 3: INSTITUTIONAL FINANCE

CHAPTER 4: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND PANCHAYATI RAJ

CHAPTER 5: URBAN DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 6: AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES

CHAPTER 9: INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATION

CHAPTER 10: LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT

CHAPTER 11: EDUCATION

CHAPTER 12: HEALTH AND NUTRITION

CHAPTER 13: DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION

CHAPTER 14: WOMEN AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL SECURITY

CHAPTER 15: TRIBALWELFAREAND INTERVENTIONS FOR THE UNDERPRIVILEGED

CHAPTER 16: NATURAL RESOURCES: FOREST, WATER AND MINERAL RESOURCES

CHAPTER 17: TOURISM, ARTS, CULTURE, SPORTS AND YOUTH AFFAIRS

Figure 8.1 : Capital Formation of Jharkhand in year 2018-19 and 2019-20

Figure 9.1 : Sectorwise Power Consumption for FY 2021-2022

Figure 12.1 : Projected Population of Jharkhand

Figure 15.1 : Social Composition of the Population of Jharkhand

Figure 16.1 : An Analysis of the Proportional Distribution of Forest Cover in Jharkhand

Figure 17.1 : Growth in the National and International Tourist-Inflow in Jharkhand

Box 3.1 : Jan Samarth Portal

Box 5.1 : Urban Poverty in Jharkhand

Box 6.1 : Definitions of various land use categories

Box: 8.1 : Jharkhand Ethanol Production Promotion Policy-2022 approved

Box 14.1 : SAAMAR

Box 15.1 : New Tribal Communities

Box 16.1 : Some Important Forest Based Industries in Jharkhand

Box 17.1 : Important Tourist Attractions of the state

Map 14.1 : Coverage of Tejaswani

Acronyms and Abbreviations

AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

BLS Bureau of Labour Statistics

CAMPA Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority

CFT Cluster Facilitation Teams

CPI Consumer Price Index

DBFO Design Build Finance Operate

DKVK Divyayan Krishi Vigyan Kendra

ECCE Early Childhood Care and Education

FAS Financial Access Survey

GWMW Ground Water Monitoring Wells

ICI Investment Company Institute

IMIS Institute of Management & Information Science