Task 3 and Lab Work Guide

• Office: 251.2.64 (Bundoora Campus)

• Location: 10.12.003
• By A/Prof Shiwei_Zhou
Email: shiwei.zhou@rmit.edu.au

Please join the WhatApp group by scan

this QR code.

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 1

 Task 3

Moment distribution Method (10 marks)

• Member stiffness (1 mark) Distribution factor (1 mark)
• fixed end moments (1 mark) Iteration steps (up to 5) (3 marks)
• SFD (2 marks) BMD (2 marks)
Approximate analysis (10 Marks)
• Calculations (5 marks ? or 6 marks)
• Introduction (1mark)
• Conclusion (1 mark)
• Reflection (2marks)
Video presentation (5 marks, 5-page slides documents)

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 2

 Simplify truss with a DOI=1

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 3

The force is applied at the joints in B Bx C E
consideration.   
  
 or be the panel shear (so no need to By
apply at joints). 4m
No horizontal force.   
  
Use last 3 digits of your student
number/100 as the force value (e.g., for A 6m D 6m F
Fy
s3569487 P=487/100 = 4.87 kN).
10 kN 20 kN
 You can apply only one force
 MB  0
    90o
12 Fy  20(6)  0
4
cos   sin    0.5547
 Fy  10kN
6 4
2 2

 Fx  0 6
cos   sin    0.8321
 Bx  0 6 4
2 2

 Fy  0 4

 B y  Fy  10  20  0
 B y  20kN
20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou
 Penal shear force
B C



4m

5
 D
A 6m
10 kN
20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou
 Cut at the overlapping point and plot
 Fy  0 SFD for the right
 F fc cos   Fed sin   10  0
B
part
C E
 F cos   F sin   10   
  
 0.5547 F  0.5547 F  10
20 kN
 F  10 / 1.1094  9.0139kN
4m   
    90o   
4 A D F
cos   sin    0.5547 10 kN 6m 20 kN 6m 10 kN
62  42
6
cos   sin    0.8321
6 4
2 2
Fec
MF  0
 E
 4 Fec  Fed (d )  0 
Ffc
 4 Fec  Fed (4sin  )  0
d
 Fec  Fed (sin  ) 4m
 Fec  9.0139(0.8321)  7.5kN Fed 
Mx  0 
F
Fec  F fd  0  F fd  7.5kN
Ffd 10 kN
20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 6
 B C E
 -7.5 kN 
Plot SFD at Joint F 
20 kN




4m   
  
7.5 kN
A D F
10 kN 6m 20 kN 6m 10 kN

-9.0139 kN
Ffe
 Fy  0

 F fe  10  F fc cos   0
Ffd F
 F fe  10  9.0139 cos   0 10 kN
 F fe  10  9.0139(0.5547)  0
 F fe  5kN
7 7
20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou
 B C E
 -7.5 kN 
Plot SFD at Joint A 
20 kN




-5kN
4m   
  
-7.5 kN
A D F
10 kN 6m 20 kN 6m 10 kN

 Fy  0 -9.0139 kN
Fab
 Fab  10  0
 Fab  10kN Fad
A
 Fx  0 10 kN
 Fad  0

8 8
20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou
 B C E
 -15kN -7.5 kN 
Plot SFD at Joint B 
20 kN




10kN 18.0278kN -5kN

4m   
  
0kN -7.5 kN
A D F
10 kN 6m 20 kN 6m 10 kN

 Fy  0
-9.0139 kN
 Fbd sin   10  0 Fab
 Fbd (0.5547)  10  0
 Fbd  18.0278kN B Fbc

 Fx  0 

 Fbc  Fbd cos   0 10 kN Fbd

 Fbc  18.0278(0.5547)  -15kN

9 9
20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou
 B C E
 -15kN -7.5 kN 
Plot SFD at Joint C 
20 kN




10kN 18.0278kN -5kN

4m   
  
0kN 7.5 kN
A D F
10 kN 6m 20 kN 6m 10 kN

 Fy  0
  Fbd sin   Fcd  0
 Fcd   Fbd (0.5547)  (9.0139)(0.5547)
 Fcd  5kN C
Fbc FE



Fbd
Fcd

10 10
20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou
 Comparison internal forces for all members from the
approximate method (top) to the Stiffness method (bottom)
B C E
 -15kN 
-7.5 kN 
  
20 kN
10kN 18.0278kN 5kN -5kN
4m   
  
0kN 7.5 kN
A D F
10 kN 6m 20 kN 6m 10 kN

11 11
20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou
20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 12
 Task 3 (Method of Moment
Distribution)

For moment distribution use full UDL over

span (value same as Task 2)
Member stiffness (1 mark)
Distribution factor (1 mark)
fixed end moments (1 mark)
Iteration steps (up to 5) (3 marks)
SFD (2 marks)
BMD (2 marks)

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 13

 w kN/m
Continuous beam with fixed supports
A D
2 B
wL C
F
M AB   M BA
F
 1 L1 m L2 m L3 m
12
2
wL
F
M BC   M CB
F
 2
12
Original structure
wL23
F
M CD   M DC
F

12

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 14

Distribution factor
0 at the fixed support because it can withstand all moment
DF  
1 at a pin because its momnet is zero, distribue all moment

Member stiffness
 4 EI
 L general formula
K 
 3EI for a member with end pin because the pin weaks the stiffness
 L

4 EI 1
K AB L1 L1 L2
DFBA    
K AB  K BC 4 EI 4 EI

1

1 L1  L2
L1 L2 L1 L2
L1
DFBC  1  DFBA 
L1  L2
4 EI 1
K BC L2 L2 L3
DFCB    
KCD  K BC 4 EI 4 EI

1

1 L3  L2
L3 L2 L3 L2
L2
DFCD  1  DFCB 
L3  L2

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 15

L1  0.75m, L2  1m, L3  0.75m,
120 kN/m
1
DFAB   0.57 D
1  0.75 A
DFBC  1  DFAB  0.43
B C
wL2 120 L22
CO=0.5 L2 m CO=0.5 L3 m
F
M BC   M CB
F
 2   10 L1 m
12 12
wL12 120(0.75) ^ 2
F
M AB   M BA
F
   5.625
12 12
Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
DF 0.0000 0.5714 0.4286 0.4286 0.5714 0.0000
FEM -5.6250 5.6250 -10.0000 10.0000 -5.6250 5.6250
Dist 1 0.0000 2.5000 1.8750 -1.8750 -2.5000 0.0000
CO1 1.2500 0.0000 -0.9375 0.9375 0.0000 -1.2500
Dis2 0.0000 0.5357 0.4018 -0.4018 -0.5357 0.0000
CO2 0.2679 0.0000 -0.2009 0.2009 0.0000 -0.2679
Dis3 0.0000 0.1148 0.0861 -0.0861 -0.1148 0.0000
CO3 0.0574 0.0000 -0.0430 0.0430 0.0000 -0.0574
Dis4 0.0000 0.0246 0.0184 -0.0184 -0.0246 0.0000
CO4 0.0123 0.0000 -0.0092 0.0092 0.0000 -0.0123
Dis5 0.0000 0.0053 0.0040 -0.0040 -0.0053 0.0000
CO5 0.0026 0.0000 -0.0020 0.0020 0.0000 -0.0026
Sum20/05/2023 -4.0348 8.8054 By Shiwei
-8.8074Zhou 8.8074 -8.8054 4.034816
Verify using slope deflection method
(unnecessary to verify in Task 3)
2 EI
M AB   2 A   B  3 AB   M FAB  2.6667 EI B  5.6250 (1)
0.75
2 EI
M BA   2 B   A  3 AB   M BA
F
 5.3333EI B  5.6250 (2)
0.75
2 EI
M BC   2 B  C  3 BC   M BC
F
 4 EI B  2 EIC  10 (3)
1
due to symmetry  B  C , Eq(3) becomes
M BC  2 EI B  10 (4)
As M BA  M BC =0, Eq(2)+Eq(4) gets
7.3333EI B  4.3750  0  EI B  0.5966
Input EI B in Eqs (1) and (2), gets
M AB  2.6667 EI B  5.6250  -4.0341
M BA  5.3333EI B  5.6250  8.8069

120 kN/m
A D
B C
L1 m L2 m L3 m
20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 17
 w kN/m
Continuous beam with pin supports
A D
2 B
wL C
F
M AB   M BA
F
 1 L1 m L2 m L3 m
12
2
wL Original structure
F
M BC   M CB
F
 2
12
2 3EI
wL K AB 
F
M CD   M DC
F
 3 L1
12 K BC 
4 EI
L2

3EI
K AB L1 3L2
DFAB    DFBC  1  DFAB
K AB  K BC 3EI 4 EI 3L2  4 L1

L1 L2

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 18

L1  0.75m, L2  1m, L3  0.75m, w  120kN / m
Original structure 120 kN/m

A D
B C
CO=0.5 L2 m CO=0.5 L3 m
L1 m

Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
DF 1.0000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 1.0000
FEM -5.6250 5.6250 -10.0000 10.0000 -5.6250 5.6250
Dist 1 5.6250 2.1875 2.1875 -2.1875 -2.1875 -5.6250
CO1 0 2.8125 -1.0938 1.0938 -2.8125 0
Dis2 0 -0.8594 -0.8594 0.8594 0.8594 0
CO2 0 0.0000 0.4297 -0.4297 0.0000 0
Dis3 0 -0.2148 -0.2148 0.2148 0.2148 0
CO3 0 0.0000 0.1074 -0.1074 0.0000 0
Dis4 0 -0.0537 -0.0537 0.0537 0.0537 0
CO4 0 0.0000 0.0269 -0.0269 0.0000 0
Dis5 0 -0.0134 -0.0134 0.0134 0.0134 0
CO5 0 0.0000 0.0067 -0.0067 0.0000 0
Sum 0.0000 9.4836 -9.4769 9.4769 -9.4836 0.0000
20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 19
Verify using slope deflection method for pin
supports (unnecessary to verify in Task 3)
2 EI
M AB   2 A   B  3 AB   M FAB  5.3333EI A  2.6667 EI B  5.6250 (1)
0.75
2 EI
M BA   2 B   A  3 AB   M BA
F
 2.6667 EI A  5.3333EI B  5.6250 (2)
0.75
2 EI
M BC   2 B  C  3 BC   M BC
F
 4 EI B  2 EIC  10 (3)
1
due to symmetry  B  C , Eq(3) becomes
M BC  2 EI B  10 (4)
As M BA  M BC =0, Eq(2)+Eq(4) gets
2.6667 EI A  7.3333EI B  4.3750  0 (5)
As M AB =0, Eq(1) becomes
5.3333EI A  2.6667 EI B  5.6250 (6)
Solve, Eqs (5) and (6), get
EI A  0.9245
EI B  0.2604
Input EI B in Eqs (1) and (2), gets
M AB  0
M BA  9.4792

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 20

 Lab work: Calculation
Two fixed columns

By Shiwei Zhou

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 21

 P: last four digits of your student number (N)
Slope Deflection Method
B C
PL
F
M BC   M CB
F
 H
8

A L
D

P/2 P/2
Unknown freedoms:  A , B ,C , D

Symmetrical conditions: Original structure

 A   D  0; B  C ; M BC  MCB

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 22

The size L and H used in calculation. Thanks William for providing his model .

L=0.4-d (m)

H=h+0.5d (m)
h

0.4 m

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 23

Slope Deflection Method for two fixed supports

2 EI 2
M AB   A B
2    3 AB   M F
AB
 EI B (1)
H H
2 EI 4
M BA   2 B   A  3 AB   M BA  EI B
F
(2)
H H
2 EI 4 EI 2 EI PL
M BC   2 B  C  3 BC   M BC
F
 B  C  (3)
L L L 8
due to symmetry  B  C , Eq(3) becomes
2 PL
M BC  EI B  (4)
L 8
As M BA  M BC =0, Eq(2)+Eq(4) gets
4 2 PL
EI B  EI B   0  EI B  ?
H L 8
Input EI B in Eq(3), gets
M BC 

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 24

The equations are applicable to all kinds of column supports
(e.g two fixed supports, two pins, and one roller and one fixed supports
 Mo  0
O
 M  x   M BC  0.5Px  0 B
 M  x   M BC  0.5Px x M ( x)
0  x  0.5 L M BC
Double intergration method P/2 V ( x)
d 2 v( x)
EI  M ( x)  M BC  0.5 Px (1)
dx 2
dv( x)
EI  EI ( x)  0.25 Px 2  M BC x  C1 (2) h
dx
EIv( x)  0.0833Px3  0.5M BC x 2  C1 x  C2 (3) b

due to symmetry, at x=0.5L,  ( x)  0, then, from Eq. (2), get

C1  0.0625PL2  0.5M BC L r
1 3
at x=0, v( x)  0, then, from Eq. (3), get I bh
12
C2  0
Thus, 1 4
I r
EIv( x)  0.0833Px3  0.5M BC x 2  C1 x 4
at x=0.5L,

v(0.5L) 
0.0104PL3  0.125M BC L2  0.5C1L I
1
4

 r14  r24  r
r1
EI
r2
20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 25
 Lab work: Calculation
Two pined columns

By Shiwei Zhou

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 26

 P: last four digits of your student number (N)
Slope Deflection Method
B C
PL
F
M BC   M CB
F
 H
8

A L
D

P/2 P/2
Unknown freedoms:  A , B ,C , D

Symmetrical conditions: Original structure

 A   D ; B  C ; M BC  MCB

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 27

Slope Deflection Method for the frame with two pin supports

2 EI 2 EI
M AB   2 A   B  3 AB   M FAB   2 A   B  (1)
H H
2 EI 2 EI
M BA   2 B   A  3 AB   M BA
F
  2 B   A  (2)
H H
2 EI 2 EI PL
M BC   2 B  C  3 BC   M BCF
  2 B  C   (3)
L L 8
due to symmetry  B  C , Eq(3) becomes
2 EI PL
M BC  B  (4)
L 8
As M BA  M BC =0, Eq(2)+Eq(4) gets
2 EI  2 4  PL
 A  EI B      0 (5)
H L H 8
As M AB =0, Eq(1) becomes
2 A   B  0 (6)
Solve, Eqs (5) and (6), get
 2 3  PL
EI B    
L H 8
Input EI B in Eq (4), gets
M BC  ?

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 28

The equations are applicable to all kinds of column supports
(e.g two fixed supports, two pins, and one roller and one fixed supports
 Mo  0
O
 M  x   M BC  0.5Px  0 B
 M  x   M BC  0.5Px x M ( x)
0  x  0.5 L M BC
Double intergration method P/2 V ( x)
d 2 v( x)
EI  M ( x)  M BC  0.5 Px (1)
dx 2
dv( x)
EI  EI ( x)  0.25 Px 2  M BC x  C1 (2) h
dx
EIv( x)  0.0833Px3  0.5M BC x 2  C1 x  C2 (3) b

due to symmetry, at x=0.5L,  ( x)  0, then, from Eq. (2), get

C1  0.0625PL2  0.5M BC L r
1 3
at x=0, v( x)  0, then, from Eq. (3), get I bh
12
C2  0
Thus, 1 4
I r
EIv( x)  0.0833Px3  0.5M BC x 2  C1 x 4
at x=0.5L,

v(0.5L) 
0.0104PL3  0.125M BC L2  0.5C1L I
1
4

 r14  r24  r
r1
EI
r2
20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 29
• End of calculation work.

• The rest slides are used to verify the

calculation.

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 30

 Mo  0 Verify using double integration method
PL P P PL
 M  x   x  0  M  x  x 
8 2 2 8
B
0  x  0.5 L
Double intergration method x M ( x)
2 PL
d v( x) P PL
EI  M ( x)  x (1) P/2
dx 2 2 8 8 V ( x)
dv ( x ) P PL
EI  EI ( x)  x 2  x  C1 (2)
dx 4 8
P 3 PL 2
EIv( x)  x  x  C1 x  C2 (3)
12 16
due to symmetry, at x=0.5L,  ( x)  0, then, from Eq. (2), get
PL2 PL2
C1   0
16 16
at x=0, v( x)  0, then, from Eq. (3), getC2  0
Thus,
P 3 PL 2
EIv( x)  x  x
12 16
Px 2
EIv( x)   4 x  3L 
48
at x=0.5L,
1 1

96 64 PL3
v(0.5L)  PL  
3
EI 192 EI
20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 31
 Verify using method of virtual work
 Mo  0
PL P P L
 M  x   x  0  M  x   x   B
8 2 2 4
M  x 1  L x M ( x)
m( x )   x 
P 2 4 PL
P/2 V ( x)
0  x  0.5 L 8
Method of virtulal work
2 0.5 L
v(0.5L)   M ( x) m( x) dx
EI 0
2
P 0.5 L  L
 0  x   dx
2 EI  4
P 0.5 L  2 L L2 
   x  x   dx
2 EI 0  2 16 

P  1 L3 L L2 L3 
    
2 EI  3 8 4 4 32 
 
PL3  1 1 1 
    
EI  48 32 64 
PL3  4 6 3 
  
EI  192 192 192 
PL3
  downward as unit force is downward 
19220/05/2023
EI By Shiwei Zhou 32
• Build the Frame

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 33

 Pin support example (Thanks Nigil for
providing this photo of his model)

It’s better to have a gap to make the column rotatable

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 34

Building a frame with $10 at Bunnings

Step 1: Buy a 1.2 m pine batten ($5.02) and cut it into two even columns and one
beam for free. Note their length relies on your model.

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 35

Step 2: Buy a bracket with eight 900 angles (Model Number MABA2421, $2.73)
and some screws ($2.2) to assemble the model.

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 36

• End of Building the frame

• The rest slides are used to calculate Young’s

modulus E. However, students can search E of
their materials online.

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 37

 Young's modulus experiment using deflection
Bad option due to small deflection
3 3
PL PL
 max  E
192 EI 192 I  max
Deflection increases by 4 times than the above equation
3 3
PL PL
 max  E
48EI 48I  max
Best option, deflection increases by 64 times than the first one

PL3 PL3
 max  E
3EI 3I  max
20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 38
 Young's modulus experiment using slope
P
L Laser pointer
Laser beam
Receiving
 wall

FL2  d
 (L)   2
 FL
2 EI  E 

h  h 
tan   2 Iatan d 

d   
h

20/05/2023 By Shiwei Zhou 39