Final CDP Bettiah

Urban Development & Housing Department, Govt.
of Bihar
CITY DEVELOPMENT
Support Programme for Urban Reforms in Bihar (SPUR)
PLAN Bettiah Municipal Council (BMC)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ i
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ x
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................... xiv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... xvii
1 Project Background .......................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Scope of Work ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.3. Objective of the Study .................................................................................................................... 2
1.4. Coverage of the Study area............................................................................................................. 2

1.5. Methodology................................................................................................................................... 2
2 Bettiah City: Overview ...................................................................................................... 9

2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Historical Footprints........................................................................................................................ 9
2.3 Geographical Settings ................................................................................................................... 10
2.4 Connectivity & Linkages ................................................................................................................ 11

2.4.1 Roadways .............................................................................................................................. 11
2.4.2 Railways ................................................................................................................................ 12
2.4.3 Airways .................................................................................................................................. 13

2.5 Administrative Setup of Bettiah Municipal Council ...................................................................... 13
2.6 Study Area: Bettiah Municipal Council ......................................................................................... 15
2.7 Demographic Profile ..................................................................................................................... 15
2.7.1 Population ............................................................................................................................. 15
2.7.2 Population Growth Trend ..................................................................................................... 16

2.7.3 Spatial Population Distribution ............................................................................................. 16
2.7.4 Density .................................................................................................................................. 17
2.7.5 Schedule Caste & Schedule Tribe Population ....................................................................... 17

2.7.6 Literacy .................................................................................................................................. 17
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CITY DEVELOPMENT
2.7.7 Sex Ratio................................................................................................................................ 18
2.7.8 Population Projections .......................................................................................................... 19
2.7.9 Issues, Potentials and Strategies........................................................................................... 20
2.8 Economic Profile ........................................................................................................................... 20
2.8.1 Regional Potential ................................................................................................................. 20
2.8.2 Economic profile – City Level ................................................................................................ 25

2.9 Land use ........................................................................................................................................ 30
2.9.1 Existing Land use ................................................................................................................... 31
2.9.2 Spatial Growth Trend ............................................................................................................ 32
2.9.3 Future Growth Direction ....................................................................................................... 32
3 Sector Analysis and Gap Assessment ............................................................................... 35

3.1 Water Supply................................................................................................................................. 35
3.1.1 Source and Availability of water ........................................................................................... 35
3.1.2 Network Storage ................................................................................................................... 35
3.1.3 Water Quality ........................................................................................................................ 36
3.1.4 Water Treatment Facilities ................................................................................................... 37

3.1.5 Current Situation Analysis & comparison with Benchmark .................................................. 37
3.1.6 Projected Water Demand ..................................................................................................... 37
3.1.7 Gap Assessment and Future requirement ............................................................................ 38

3.1.8 Strategies for Development .................................................................................................. 38
3.2 Sewerage System & Sanitation ..................................................................................................... 39

3.2.1 Existing Sewerage/ Sanitation System .................................................................................. 39
3.2.2 Public Conveniences & Public Toilets ................................................................................... 40

3.2.3 Current Disposal System ....................................................................................................... 41
3.2.5 Future Sewage Generation in BMC area............................................................................... 41
3.2.6 Gap and assessment of future requirement ......................................................................... 42
3.2.7 Strategy for Development..................................................................................................... 42

3.3 Storm Water Drainage .................................................................................................................. 43
3.3.1 Existing System...................................................................................................................... 43
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3.3.3 Strategies for Development .................................................................................................. 45
3.3.4 Proposed storm water drainage goals and improvement targets ........................................ 46
3.4 Urban Roads, Traffic and Transport Network ............................................................................... 46
3.4.1 Existing Situation ................................................................................................................... 46
3.4.2 Public Transport .................................................................................................................... 48

3.4.3 Existing Institutional Arrangement for transportation in Bettiah......................................... 50
3.4.4 Mode of Travel ...................................................................................................................... 50
3.4.5 Terminals............................................................................................................................... 50
3.4.6 Parking Facilities.................................................................................................................... 52
3.4.7 Potential Projects & future requirements for year 2030 ...................................................... 53
3.5 Solid Waste Management ............................................................................................................. 54

3.5.1 Existing System...................................................................................................................... 54
3.5.2 Collection .............................................................................................................................. 54
3.5.3 Storage .................................................................................................................................. 55
3.5.4 Transportation ...................................................................................................................... 55

3.5.5 Disposal ................................................................................................................................. 55
3.5.6 Key Issues .............................................................................................................................. 56

3.5.7 Projected waste generation and gap assessment ................................................................ 56
3.5.8 Proposed solid waste management goals and improvement targets .................................. 56
3.6 Street Lighting ............................................................................................................................... 57

3.6.1 Existing Situation ................................................................................................................... 57
3.6.2 Gaps and future requirement assessment ........................................................................... 57

3.7 SWOT Analysis............................................................................................................................... 57
4 Social Infrastructure ....................................................................................................... 61

4.1 Healthcare facilities....................................................................................................................... 61
4.1.1 Gap Assessment .................................................................................................................... 61
4.2 Educational facilities ..................................................................................................................... 62

4.2.1 Gap Assessment .................................................................................................................... 62
4.3 Recreation ..................................................................................................................................... 64
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4.4 Other Facilities .............................................................................................................................. 64
4.5 SWOT Analysis............................................................................................................................... 65
4.6 Development Strategies................................................................................................................ 65
5 Housing & Slums ............................................................................................................. 66

5.1 Housing ......................................................................................................................................... 66
5.1.1 Housing Stock ........................................................................................................................ 66
5.1.2 Housing Condition ................................................................................................................. 67
5.1.3 Present & Future Housing Demand ...................................................................................... 69
5.1.4 Issues & Potentials ................................................................................................................ 69

5.1.5 Slums & Urban Poor .............................................................................................................. 70
5.1.6 The Goal ................................................................................................................................ 71
5.1.7 Possible Development Strategies ......................................................................................... 71

5.1.8 Action Plan ............................................................................................................................ 72
5.1.9 Access to land and land tenure ............................................................................................. 72
5.1.10 Availability of basic Social infrastructure in slums ................................................................ 72
5.1.11 Social Set up .......................................................................................................................... 72

5.1.12 Employment .......................................................................................................................... 72
5.1.13 Average Income .................................................................................................................... 72
5.1.14 Housing Type......................................................................................................................... 72

5.1.15 Health .................................................................................................................................... 73
5.1.16 Education .............................................................................................................................. 73

5.2 Availability of basic physical infrastructure in slums .................................................................... 73
5.2.1 Water Supply......................................................................................................................... 73

5.2.2 Sanitation .............................................................................................................................. 73
5.2.3 Storm Water Management in Slums..................................................................................... 74
5.2.4 Street Lights .......................................................................................................................... 74
5.2.5 Roads ..................................................................................................................................... 74
5.2.6 Solid Waste Management in Slums ...................................................................................... 74

5.3 Social security schemes and beneficiaries .................................................................................... 75
5.4 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 75
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5.5 Issues & Potential.......................................................................................................................... 76
6 Cultural Heritage & Tourism............................................................................................ 78

6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 78
6.2 Heritage & Conservation ............................................................................................................... 78
6.3 Tourism Policy/ Guidelines at the State Level .............................................................................. 80

6.4 Identification & Inventory of Tourism Potential ........................................................................... 80
6.4.1 Regional Tourism Potential ................................................................................................... 80
6.5 Places to Visit ................................................................................................................................ 82
6.6 Bettiah Tourism Potential ............................................................................................................. 84

6.7 Tourist Circuit – Bettiah ................................................................................................................ 86
6.8 Fairs & festivals ............................................................................................................................. 88
6.9 Tourism Potential of Bettiah (Number of visitors and tourist facilities) ....................................... 88
6.10 Issues & strategies ........................................................................................................................ 89
7 Urban Environment ........................................................................................................ 90

7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 90
7.2 Environmental Sustainability – An important focus of CDP ......................................................... 90

7.3 Physical Attributes ........................................................................................................................ 91
7.3.1 Topography ........................................................................................................................... 91

7.3.2 Soil ......................................................................................................................................... 91
7.3.3 Flora & Fauna ........................................................................................................................ 91
7.4 Climate .......................................................................................................................................... 92
7.5 Rainfall .......................................................................................................................................... 92
7.6 Temperature ................................................................................................................................. 93
7.7 Wind Speed ................................................................................................................................... 93
7.8 Environmental quality assessment ............................................................................................... 93
7.9 Surface & Ground Water Quality .................................................................................................. 93

7.10 Air Pollution .................................................................................................................................. 93
7.11 City Environment .......................................................................................................................... 93
7.11.1 City Green Spaces (gardens and recreation)......................................................................... 93

7.11.2 Water Bodies & Ox-bow Lakes in & around Bettiah ............................................................. 95
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7.11.3 Environmentally Sensitive Zone ............................................................................................ 96
7.12 Disaster Management Plan ........................................................................................................... 97
7.12.1 Flood ..................................................................................................................................... 98
7.12.2 Earthquake & Seismic Zones ................................................................................................. 99
7.13 Environmental Issues .................................................................................................................. 100
7.13.1 Air pollution ........................................................................................................................ 100

7.13.2 Land Pollution ..................................................................................................................... 101
7.13.3 Water Pollution ................................................................................................................... 101
7.13.4 Fire Hazards......................................................................................................................... 101
7.13.5 Water logging ...................................................................................................................... 102
7.14 Issues ........................................................................................................................................... 102
7.15 The Goal ...................................................................................................................................... 103

7.16 Action Plan .................................................................................................................................. 103
8 Local Economic Development ....................................................................................... 104

8.1 Asset management plan ............................................................................................................. 104
8.1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 104

8.1.2 Municipal Asset – Immovable Asset (Land & Buildings) ..................................................... 105
8.1.3 Municipal Asset - Movable Asset ........................................................................................ 105
8.1.4 Strategies for Asset Management ...................................................................................... 106

8.1.5 Building Approval System ................................................................................................... 107
8.1.6 Business Approval System .................................................................................................. 107
9 Urban Governance & Institutional Framework .............................................................. 108

9.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 108
9.2 Present Institutional Arrangement ............................................................................................. 108
9.3 Institutions Involved in Urban Development .............................................................................. 109
9.3.1 Bettiah Municipal Council ................................................................................................... 109

9.3.2 PHED (Public Health Engineering Department) .................................................................. 115
9.3.3 PWD (Public Works Department) ....................................................................................... 116
9.4 Urban Reforms ............................................................................................................................ 116

9.4.1 State level reforms Agenda ................................................................................................. 117
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9.4.2 Proposed Urban Reforms ULB Level ................................................................................... 119
9.5 Issues & Strategies ...................................................................................................................... 127
10 Municipal Finance......................................................................................................... 129

10.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 129
10.2 Existing Financial Situation.......................................................................................................... 129

10.3 Receipts ....................................................................................................................................... 129
10.4 Expenditure ................................................................................................................................. 131
10.5 Issues & strategies ...................................................................................................................... 132
11 Stakeholder Consultations ............................................................................................ 133

11.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 133
11.2 City Stakeholder Profile .............................................................................................................. 133
11.3 Steering Committee .................................................................................................................... 133

11.4 Stakeholder Consultations .......................................................................................................... 134
11.5 Outcome of Consultation Programme ........................................................................................ 136
11.6 Workshop Proceedings ............................................................................................................... 138
11.6.1 Kick off Workshop in Bettiah .............................................................................................. 138

11.6.2 2nd Workshop on Issues, Strategies & City Vision: Bettiah ................................................. 142
11.6.3 3rd Workshop on Project Formulation ............................................................................... 145

11.6.4 4th Fourth Workshop on Draft Plan Sharing ........................................................................ 147
12 City Vision & Sector Goals ............................................................................................. 149

12.1 City Vision.................................................................................................................................... 149
12.2 Sectoral Goals ............................................................................................................................. 150
13 City Investment Plan ..................................................................................................... 152

13.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 152
13.2 Summary of City Investment - Bettiah ........................................................................................ 152
13.3 Sector wise Investment............................................................................................................... 154
13.3.1 Water Supply....................................................................................................................... 154
13.3.2 Sewerage ............................................................................................................................. 155
13.3.3 Drainage .............................................................................................................................. 155

13.3.4 Solid Waste Management ................................................................................................... 156
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13.3.5 Urban Transportation ......................................................................................................... 158
13.3.6 Education ............................................................................................................................ 159
13.3.7 Health .................................................................................................................................. 159
13.3.8 Housing and Slum ............................................................................................................... 160
13.3.9 Environment........................................................................................................................ 160
13.3.10 Heritage & Tourism ......................................................................................................... 161

13.3.11 Economy, Trade & Commerce ........................................................................................ 162
13.3.12 Urban Governance .......................................................................................................... 163
14 Financial Operating Plan and Financial Sustainability .................................................... 164

14.1 Capital Investment Plan .............................................................................................................. 164
14.2 Means of Finance ........................................................................................................................ 169
14.3 Financial Sustainability ................................................................................................................ 177

14.4 Basic Assumptions for Projections .............................................................................................. 177
14.5 Project Cash Flow and FOP ......................................................................................................... 188
14.6 Impact of Potential Improvements ............................................................................................. 192
14.7 Scenarios ..................................................................................................................................... 194

14.7.1 Scenario I – Estimation of Investment Capacity by considering all projects and all financial
reforms 194
14.7.2 Scenario II – Estimation of Investment Capacity by considering all projects excluding

Education & Health and all financial reforms ..................................................................................... 195
14.7.3 Scenario III - Estimation of Borrowing and Investment Capacity by considering all Projects
without Financial Reforms .................................................................................................................. 196
14.8 Key Indicators.............................................................................................................................. 197

14.9 Inference ..................................................................................................................................... 197
Annexures ........................................................................................................................... 199

Annexure 1: Stakeholder Consultation Format ..................................................................... 199
Annexure 2: List of Stakeholders .......................................................................................... 200
Annexure 3: Ward wise population distribution in BMC, 2001 .............................................. 202
Annexure 4: Ward wise population distribution in BMC, 2011 .............................................. 203
Annexure 5: Social composition of SC and ST population in BMC .......................................... 204
Annexure 6: Ward wise literacy rate in BMC ........................................................................ 205
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Annexure 7: Comparative sex ratio in BMC .......................................................................... 206

Annexure 8: Urban Work Force Participation Rate in BMC.................................................... 207
Annexure 9: Ward wise housing deficit in Bettiah for 2011 ................................................... 208
Annexure 10: List of Slum pockets in Bettiah ........................................................................ 209
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1 Study Area Coverage ....................................................................................................................... 2
Table 2-1 Distance of towns / Cities from Bettiah ........................................................................................ 11
Table 2-2 Bettiah District Administrative Framework .................................................................................. 13
Table 2-3 Study Area ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Table 2-4 Comparative Urban Population Analysis ...................................................................................... 15

Table 2-5: Bettiah Municipal Council Population Growth ............................................................................ 16
Table 2-6 Comparative Urban Literacy Rate ................................................................................................. 18
Table 2-7 Comparative Urban Sex Ratio ....................................................................................................... 18

Table 2-8 Population Projections for Bettiah Municipal Council .................................................................. 19
Table 2-9 Comparative Urban Work Force Participation Rate, 2001 ........................................................... 25
Table 2-10 Comparative Non-Worker Urban Population ............................................................................. 26

Table 2-11 Industrial units functioning in Bettiah ........................................................................................ 27
Table 2-12 Number of Vendors in Bettiah .................................................................................................... 28
Table 2-13 Existing Land use Distribution, 2007 ........................................................................................... 31

Table 3-1 Location & Capacity of OHTs ......................................................................................................... 35
Table 3-2 Projected Water Requirement of BMC for 2020 and 2030 .......................................................... 38
Table 3-3 Water Supply Improvement Targets till 2015-16 ......................................................................... 39
Table 3-4 Type and number of Latrines ........................................................................................................ 40
Table 3-5 Projected Sewage Generation of BMC - 2030............................................................................... 41

Table 3-6 Sewerage system Improvement Targets till 2015-16 ................................................................... 43
Table 3-7 Hierarchy of drains ........................................................................................................................ 43

Table 3-8 Condition of roads in Bettiah town as per Census, 2001 .............................................................. 47
Table 3-9 Condition of roads in Bettiah town as per BMC ........................................................................... 47
Table 3-10 Registered vehicles in the district ............................................................................................... 49
Table 3-11 Types of Vehicles for SWM in Bettiah ......................................................................................... 55

Table 3-12 Projected waste generated ......................................................................................................... 56
Table 3-13 Proposed improvement targets for solid waste management till 2015-16................................ 56
Table 4-1 Existing healthcare facilities in Bettiah ......................................................................................... 61

Table 4-2 Gap analysis for Health facilities ................................................................................................... 62
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Table 4-3 Existing education facilities in Bettiah .......................................................................................... 62
Table 4-4 Gap analysis for Education facilities.............................................................................................. 63
Table 5-1 Comparative Housing Stock .......................................................................................................... 66
Table 5-2 Comparative Ownership Status of Households in West Champaran District and BMC ............... 68
Table 6-1 Inventory of Heritage Sites in Bettiah ........................................................................................... 84
Table 7-1 Month wise rainfall (in mm) in Bettiah during monsoon season ................................................. 92
Table 8-1 Classification of Municipal Assets ............................................................................................... 104
Table 8-2 Details of Municipal movable assets - Bettiah ............................................................................ 105
Table 9-1 Division of Responsibilities.......................................................................................................... 108
Table 9-2 Functions of Bettiah Municipal Council ...................................................................................... 113
Table 9-3 Staffing pattern of BMC .............................................................................................................. 114

Table 10-1 Income Profile of BMC, 2008-10 ............................................................................................... 130
Table 10-2 Expenditure Profile of BMC, 2008-10 ....................................................................................... 131
Table 10-3 Summary of financial profile of BMC, 2008-10 ......................................................................... 132
Table 11-1 City level Steering Group .......................................................................................................... 133
Table 12-1: Sectoral Goals .......................................................................................................................... 150

Table 13-1: Sector wise Investment............................................................................................................ 152
Table 14-1: Projects to be executed by the Municipality ........................................................................... 164
Table 14-2: Multi Year Investment Plan and Means of Finance ................................................................. 169
Table 14-3: Consolidated Means of Finance ............................................................................................... 176
Table 14-4: Consolidated Income & Expenditure for next 30 years (up to FY 2039-40) ............................ 188
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1 Strategies, Projects, CIP and FOP ................................................................................................... 7
Figure 1-2 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 8
Figure 2-1 City Map of Bettiah ........................................................................................................................ 9
Figure 2-2 Project City Location .................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 2-3 Linkages & Connectivity – Bettiah ............................................................................................... 12

Figure 2-4 Administrative Setup of West Champaran District ...................................................................... 14
Figure 2-5 Study Area – BMC Ward Map ...................................................................................................... 15
Figure 2-6 Population Growth Trend of Bettiah Municipal Council ............................................................. 16

Figure 2-7: Ward wise population distribution of BMC (2001)..................................................................... 17
Figure 2-8: Comparison of Literacy rate of BMC with National, State and District averages (2001) ........... 18
Figure 2-9: Comparison of Sex Ratio of BMC with National, State and District averages (2001) ................. 18
Figure 2-10 Population Projection of Bettiah Municipal Council ................................................................. 19
Figure 2-11 Population Projection of Bettiah Municipal Council ................................................................. 20
Figure 2-12: Area and production of major crops in District West Champaran (2007-08 to 2008-09) ....... 21
Figure 2-13: Productivity of major crops in District West Champaran ......................................................... 22
Figure 2-14: Area and production of fruits in District West Champaran (2007-08 to 2008-09)................... 22
Figure 2-15: Area and production of vegetables in District West Champaran (2007-08 to 2008-09) .......... 23
Figure 2-16: Details of Livestock in District West Champaran (2003) .......................................................... 23
Table 2-17: Area, production and productivity of sugarcane in District West Champaran (2009-10) ......... 24
Table 2-18: Production of fish and fish seeds in District West Champaran (2009-10) ................................. 24
Table 2-19: Tourist inflow in West Champaran (2003-2009)........................................................................ 25

Figure 2-20: Comparative Urban Work Force Participation Rate, 2001 ....................................................... 25
Figure 2-21: Comparative % of male and female WFPR ............................................................................... 25
Figure 2-22: Industrial units functioning in Bettiah ...................................................................................... 26
Figure 2-23: BMC area work force distribution ............................................................................................ 26

Figure 2-24 Informal Sector in Bettiah .......................................................................................................... 28
Figure 2-25 Existing Land Use Distribution in BMC area (2007) ................................................................... 32
Figure 2-26 Spatial growth direction - Bettiah.............................................................................................. 33

Figure 2-27 Potential future growth directions - Bettiah ............................................................................. 34
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Figure 3-1 Comparison of existing situation with benchmark ...................................................................... 37
Figure 3-2 Type and number of Latrines ....................................................................................................... 40
Figure 3-4 Conceptual diagram of DEWATS system ..................................................................................... 42

Figure 3-5 Conditions of drains ..................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 3-6 Drainage pattern of Bettiah town................................................................................................ 45

Figure 3-9 Classification of existing road length ........................................................................................... 47
Figure 3-10 Road Network Map of Bettiah ................................................................................................... 48
Figure 3-11 Location of bus terminal and on-road parking areas ................................................................ 53
Figure 5-1 Comparative average household size .......................................................................................... 66
Figure 5-2 Housing Condition in West Champaran District and Bettiah Municipal Council ......................... 68
Figure 5-3 Ownership Status of Household in BMC...................................................................................... 69
Figure 5-4 Slums Location Map ..................................................................................................................... 71
Figure 6-1: Important tourist spots in Bettiah region ................................................................................... 83

Figure 6-2: Tourism Circuit in Bettiah region ................................................................................................ 87
Figure 7-1: Monthly avg. Rainfall in Bettiah during rainy season ................................................................. 92
Figure 7-2: Environmentally Sensitive Zone- Bettiah.................................................................................... 97

Figure 7-3: Flood Zones - Bihar ..................................................................................................................... 98
Figure 7-4: Earthquake zones – Bihar ........................................................................................................... 99
Figure 7-5: Wind & Cyclone zones - Bihar................................................................................................... 100

Figure 9-1 Organizational Structure of Administrative set up in Urban Local body - Bettiah .................... 112
Figure 9-2 Organizational Structure of relationship of ULB with the Elected Body ................................... 113
Figure 10-1 Structure of BMC Finances ...................................................................................................... 129
Figure 10-2 Income sources of BMC, 2009-10 ............................................................................................ 131
Figure 10-3 Expenditure of BMC, 2009-10.................................................................................................. 132

Figure 13-1: Distribution of Investment in each Sector .............................................................................. 153
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AICTE : All India Council of Technical Education
APHCs : Additional Primary Health Centre
BEB : Bihar Electricity Board
BHB : Bihar Housing Board
BIADA : Bihar Industrial Area Development Authority
BIS : Bureau of Indian Standards
BMC : Bettiah Municipal Council
BPL : Below Poverty Line
BRJP : Bihar Rajya Jal Parishad
BSPCB : Bihar State pollution Control Board
BSRTC : Bihar State Road Transport Corporation
BSTDC : Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation Ltd.
CAA : Constitutional Amendment Act
CBO : Community Based Organisation
CDP : City Development Plan
CGWB : Central Ground water Board
CIP : Capital Investment Plan
CLSG : City Level Steering Group
CNG : Compressed Natural Gas
CoL : Census of India
CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board
CPL : Community Participation Law
DEO : District Education Officer
DEWATS : Decentralized Waste Water Treatment Systems
DFID : Department for International Development
DPC : District Planning Committee
DU : Dwelling Unit
ECR : East Central Railway
EO : Executive Officer
EWS : Economic weaker Section
FCI : Food Corporation of India
FOP : Financial Operating Plan
GoB : Government of Bihar
GoI : Government of India
Hac : Hectare
HCV : Heavy Commercial Vehicle
HH : Household
HIG : High Income Group
HSCs : Health Sub Centers
i.e : that is
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ISBT : Inter State Bus Terminus

ISC : Indian Standard Code
IT : Information Technology
JNNURM : Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
Km : Kilometer
KMPH : Kilo Meter Per Hour
KV : Kilo Watt
LG : Lakh Gallon
LIG : Low Income Group
LPCD : Liter per capita per day
MDGs : Millennium Development Goals
MDR : Major District Road
MIC : Mayor in Council
MIG : Middle Income Group
MIS : Management Information System
MLA : Member of legislative Assemble
MLD : Million Liters per Day
MoHUPA : Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation
MPC : Metropolitan Planning Committee
NABARD : National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development
NFAC : National Fire Advisory Committee
NGO : Non-Governmental Organization
NH : National Highway
NHAI : National Highway Authority of India
NIC : National Information Center
NIDM : National Institute of Disaster Management
O&M : Operation and Maintenance
OBC : Other Backward Caste
OHT : Over Head Tank
PHC : Primary Health Centres
PHED : Public Health Engineering Department
PIC : President in Council
PPHa ; Person Per Hectare
PPP : Public Private Partnership
PRADA : Patna Regional Development Authority
PWD : Public Works Department
RAY : Rajiv Awash Yojana
ROB : Rail Over Bridge
ROW : Right of Way
RWH : Rain water Harvesting
SC : Schedule Caste
SH : State Highway
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SMA : State Municipal Act

SPUR : Support Programme for Urban Reforms
ST : Schedule Tribes
STP : Sewerage Treatment Plant
SWM : Solid Waste Management
SWOT : Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat
TCPO : Town & Country Planning Department
ToR : Terms of Reference
UD & HD : Urban Development & Housing Department
UDPFI : Urban Development Plan Formulation & Implementations
ULB : Urban Local Bodies
ULCRA : Urban Land Ceiling Regulation Act
URIF : Urban Reforms Incentive Fund
VAT : Value Added Tax
VSPL : Voyants Solutions Pvt. Ltd
WFPR : Work Force Participation Rate
WTE : Waste-to-energy
WTP : Water Treatment Plant
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Support Programme for Urban Reforms (SPUR): Background and Objectives
Urban centres have a vital role in India’s socio-economic transformation and change. These account for
30% of the total population, notwithstanding, most cities and towns are severely stressed in terms of
infrastructure and service availability, and their growth and development is constrained by indifferent
implementation of the 74th Constitution Amendment Act (CAA), 1992. The Government of India
launched the JNNURM in December 2005. The aim of the Mission is to encourage reforms driven, fast
track, planned development of identified cities with focus on efficiency in urban infrastructure and
service delivery mechanisms, community participation, and accountability of Urban Local Bodies (ULB)
towards citizens. In continuation with JNNURM, Govt. of Bihar launched SPUR for the state.
The Support Programme for Urban Reforms in Bihar (SPUR) is based on the premise that effective urban
centres play significant role in economic growth and poverty reduction by providing the nuclei for greater
economic activities and services that can contribute to pro-poor development.
To enhance development in the state, the assignment seeks to provide support to various local bodies of
Bihar in preparing City Development Plans1 (CDP). The CDPs shall provide comprehensive long term
strategy (Vision 2030) along with City Investment Plan (CIP) based on which the local body will access
funds under Government of India (GoI) and Government of Bihar (GoB) schemes, from SPUR supported
by DFID as well as from other sources and Financial Operating Plan (FOP) which assists the ULBs to have
financial sustainability.
Bettiah - City Development Plan

City Development Plan for Bettiah city is both a perspective and vision for the future development. CDP is
essentially a participatory process and is based on invaluable inputs received from the various
stakeholders and the officers associated with the development of the city. This CDP, therefore, truly
reflects the vision of the citizens including the poor and the slum dwellers and the members of Bettiah
Municipal council along with other officials who are determined to make Bettiah a futuristic city in the
next few years.
The CDP formulation process involves studying the current stage of city’s growth and development,
setting out the direction for change, finding the gaps in service delivery along with identifying the thrust
areas and suggesting the strategies and interventions for bringing in the required change. An analysis of
the data collected from secondary sources and through stakeholder consultations, interactive sessions/
interviews, was done to make a realistic assessment of where the city is and the direction in which it has
been moving, with respect to demography, economic activities, land use, poverty, urban infrastructure,
environment, institutional and financial aspects to see the implications for service delivery and urban
management.
1
A City Development Plan (CDP) is both a perspective and a vision for the future development of a city. It addresses
four prime questions – Where are we now? Where do we want to go? What do we need to address on a priority
basis? What interventions do we make in order to attain the vision? (JNNURM Toolkit 2)
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One of the key components of the City Development Plan is the long term strategic Vision for
development of the city. This Vision defines the objective of the city in terms of its long-term aspirations.
Supporting this Vision is a set of development objectives. These objectives put forward specific targets
that the city wishes to achieve in the given time frame.
Bettiah City Vision

‘Vision’ is the statement that reflects the long term view point of an individual or a community for the
city. The outcome of present situation analysis along with consultations and discussions held with various
stakeholders during the process of preparation of the City Development Plan are the basis for formulating
the Vision for the city for 2030.
Bettiah is a significant city near the Indo-Nepal border and the state of Uttar Pradesh. The city’s regional
potential is in agro-based products. Presently, the city is an agricultural trade centre which is also known
for manufacturing brass, metal-ware and leather goods. It also acts as a transit point for the tourists
going to Kathmandu and Valmiki Nagar National Park. The overarching objectives or Vision for the entire
exercise is to make Bettiah a sustainable city with strong economic base, while capitalizing its regional
potential and strategic location.
II and III workshops were conducted to formulate and finalize the city vision. Individual consultations with
various stakeholders were also done. All the consultation formats were then analyzed and the Vision for
the city of Bettiah was thus finalized as:
“To develop Bettiah as an Agro based Industrial Centre and as a Tourist Transit Point.”
Bettiah City: Overview

Bettiah Municipal Council (BMC) was established as a municipality in 1869 and is the district
headquarters for West Champaran District located in the state of Bihar, 225 Km north-west of the state
capital Patna.
Historically, Bettiah is the seat of the Bettiah Raj Estate, established in the 17th century. Bettiah was one
of the main headquarters of the Britishers during their rule in India. The city of Bettiah has a rich culture
and history, related to the Indian National Movement. The Father of Nation, Gandhi ji started
the ’Satyagrah Movement’ from here in 1917.
Population Growth and Future Projections

The total area under the jurisdiction of Municipal Council is about 8.01 Km with a population of 132,896
persons as per Census 2011 and 116670 as per Census 2001, leading to population density of 165 pph
and 145 pph respectively. The population density is much higher than the norms given in UDPFI
guidelines. The population growth of the city has been recording fluctuating trends in the past decades.
There was a rise in the population growth in the decade 1971-81 when the population growth rate shot
up by 41.5% which was caused due to the large influx of refugee population from Bangladesh erstwhile
East Pakistan in the wake of the war of independence of Bangladesh. The average decadal population
growth rate from 1961 to 2011 is 27.9%.
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Figure 0-1: Population Projections for Bettiah City
The population of Bettiah city has been projected on the basis of census provisional figures for 2011,
using five different methods viz. Linear trend Method, Arithmetic progression method, incremental
increase method, geometric projection method and exponential growth method and further, studying
various trend curves for different permutation and combinations of the results of above stated methods;
finally, picking up the projected population for the target year 2030, as the average of all the five
methods, since the trend curve of this combination is the most corresponding projection curve, that
virtually matches with the population data available with census.
The estimated population of Bettiah comes out to be 190203 at the end of 2030 as shown in the Figure 0-1
Economic Profile
Regional Potential
The cropping intensity of West Champaran district in 2007-08 is 1.40 which is higher than Bihar state
(1.37). In sugarcane production, District West Champaran is top most among all districts in the state. For
the production of wheat in the Bihar state district West Champaran is the third highest. State productivity
of maize is higher than average national production. The district also accounts for second highest
productivity level for Maize. As per 2008-09 production of rice the district is second highest in the state.
Bihar is the third largest producer of vegetables in India. District West Champaran is among top ten
districts in the production of fruits and vegetable in Bihar (2008-09). The main fruit production is mango,
guava, litchi and banana. Among vegetables the main produce is potato, onion, cauliflower and brinjal.
West Champaran also accounts for considerable bovine population (Cows and Buffaloes) and is seventh
among all districts, in 2003. The district is fourth in fish and fish seeds production among all districts in
the state.
Raxaul is the fifth in tourist in-flow in the state. Bettiah city is the tourist transit point for the tourist going
to Raxaul and Kathmandu via Bettiah.
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Economic Base
WFPR is lower than that of National, State and District WFPR, indicating the high dependency ratio. The
city has a weak economic base which mainly counts on tertiary sector that is trade, commerce activities
and few industries that are either small scale or cottage units.
Urban growth
Presently, the city is growing in all directions in a haphazard manner. There is no planned and regulated
development in the city. The city shows its present growth and future growth potential towards North,
North-East and East directions for the following reasons:
 Ribbon development along National Highway- 28B and State Highway- 54.
 Outer Ring Road provides good road connectivity and acts as bye-pass.
 Mithanpura Industrial Area has also enhanced the growth of city, towards this direction.
The commercial area is mostly concentrated in the core of the city leading to congestion in the inner of
the city. This area is basically under mixed land use dominated by commercial activities along with
residential use. Land use distribution of the city is not in conformity with the norms provided in the UDPFI
guidelines.
Basic Infrastructure - existing situational analysis and Strategies

Water Supply
Gandak River in Valmikinagar is the prime source of water supply to Bettiah city, although ground water
is also being supplied. Presently, the city has 2.24% of the water supply connections which is insufficient
as per the requirement. The Per Capita Water Supply (2010-11) is 14 LPCD which is quite low as
compared to the CPHEEO standard of 135 LPCD. The city is also lacking in water treatment plant. The
supply system is decentralized. There are 4 OHTs, 39 tube wells and 156 hand pumps in the city. As per
the present population (2011), the city’s total water requirement is 17.9 MLD where as the supply is only
1.86 MLD.
Main issues are that there is no provision of water quality monitoring to check the turbidity and pH level
of the water. In the city, billing and metering system is also not prevailing in addition to highly insufficient
quantity of supply. Water supply network plans and other relevant data are not readily available with the
authorities. Lack of electricity supply adversely affects the water supply system resulting in inefficient
utilization of available capacity. Also, categorization and metering of water connections is not practiced
as yet. Neither on policy level nor in practice, separate tax/ charges for water supply is being levied on
the users, rather it is being collected as part of holding tax. There is no provision of tanker or any kind of
service for supplementing poor water supply. As per records data for service levels in slum areas is not
available.
Strategies: Considering the challenges related to water supply in the city, following goals and strategies
for different horizon years have been earmarked vide which the water supply coverage and access to
piped water supply in Bettiah will need to be enhanced to 100% by year 2015-16. The Per Capita Water
Supply should be augmented from 14 LPCD (in 2011) to 135 LPCD by the year 2015-16. The metering
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system should be extended in the whole city. The continuity and improvement in the quality of water
supply should be achieved by the year 2015-16. Awareness program for optimization of water use,
recycling and recharging should be introduced. Tariff planning should be done to make water supply as
self sustaining Project.
To achieve these, CDP suggests generating complete data set with details of the existing and future water
supply network plans and other requirements. There should be provision of regular water quality checks
and water treatment before supply to ensure good quality potable water. Promotion of ‘rain water
harvesting’ including regulatory measures for ground water use and related institutional accountability.
The table below clearly shows that the existing service level is below the normative standard.
Table 0-1: Water Supply- Existing Service Delivery & Future Strategies
Year
Sector
Bench
Indicator Unit 2010-11 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015-
mark
(current) 12 13 14 15 16
Coverage of water supply connections 100 % 2.24 35 70 100 100 100
Per capita supply of water 135 lpcd 14 35 65 85 110 135
Extent of metering of water connections 100 % 0 30 60 90 100 100

20 % 50 40 30 20 20 20
Water Supply
Extent of non-revenue water

Continuity of water supply 24 hr. 2 8 14 20 24 24
Quality of water supplied 100 % 80 90 100 100 100 100

Efficiency in redressal of customer
80 % 50 70 80 80 80 80
complaints
Cost recovery in water supply services 100 % 30 50 70 90 100 100
Efficiency in collection of water supply
90 % 30 50 70 80 90 90
related charges
Source: SPUR, Bihar (2011) and Stakeholder Consultation
Sewage and Sanitation

Bettiah does not have any sewage system. Nearly 78%, (Census 2001) of the households, have latrines
within their premise with septic tanks, soak pits or pit type latrines while the remaining resort to open
defecation. There are 8 community toilets in the city which are in very poor condition and are not
maintained properly. 43.04% (source: SPUR, Bihar; 2011) population of the town is provided with toilet
facilities. Presently there is 100% Sewage network gap and no provision of treatment of waste water in
the city.
The main issues emerge due to Sewage flowing through open drains which ultimately surge into the river
and other water bodies like Sagar Pokhar and thus causing pollution consequently deteriorating the
natural environment of the city. This leads to unhygienic and insanitary conditions in the city, especially
during rains, when the condition gets worsened due to stagnation of effluent discharging in the low lying
areas.
The strategies and goals formulated to overcome the issues associated to sewage for different horizon
years have been identified after studying the bench marks provided (refer Table 1-2 for service level
Bench marks) and considering the stake holder consultations. Coverage of toilets is given the highest
priority to make the city free of open defecation, which is to be followed by the provision of sewage
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treatment plant (STP) and the sewage network coverage in BMC area with a goal to achieve 100% by year
2016 for healthy and hygienic environment. Also, this will ensure segregation of sewage out flow from
storm water. Further, for safe disposal of waste water, recycling and reuse of water is targeted to reach
20% by year 2015, in addition to the 100% recovery of OHM Cost which is expected to be achieved by
2016. To achieve these strategies and goals awareness generation programmes to achieve the goal of
100% sanitation in the city.
Table 0-2: Sewage & Sanitation- Existing Service Delivery & Future Strategies
Year
Bench
Sector Indicator Unit 2010-11 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015-
mark
(current) 12 13 14 15 16
Coverage of toilets 100 % 43.04 55 70 85 100 100
Coverage of sewage network
100 % 0 0 0 35 70 100
services
Collection efficiency of the
100 % 0 0 0 35 70 100
sewage network
Sewage Management
Adequacy of sewage treatment

100 % 0 0 0 35 70 100
capacity
Quality of sewage treatment 100 % 0 0 0 35 70 100
Extent of reuse and recycling
20 % 0 0 0 10 20 20
of treated sewage
Efficiency in redressal of
80 % 0 20 40 60 80 80
customer complaints
Extent of cost recovery in
100 % 0 0 20 40 80 100
sewage management
Efficiency in collection of
90 % 0 0 20 40 65 90
sewage charges
Drainage
The natural slope of Bettiah city is about 4.5 to 5.5 feet to a mile. The existing drainage system consists of
one trunk drain in which all the branch drains discharge. The total length of drains is approximately
22 Km while the demand is 140 Km and thus the present gap comes out to be 118 Km.
The most dangerous issue of drainage is the mixing of sewage in drains as there is no separate drainage
system. Hence, storm water and sewage flow in the common drain and finally discharge into Rivers and
other water bodies. Also, the capacity and flow of discharge in the drains are getting adversely affected
due to disposal of solid waste in the existing drains. The situation gets worsen during the rainy season as
all the drains are kutcha with improper lining which results in water logging. This water logging thus
becomes breeding place of the mosquitoes giving rise to unhealthy and unhygienic conditions resulting in
epidemics , spread of many diseases like malaria, cholera etc and hence resulted in. Another major issue
is the problem of water logging in the low lying areas arising due to unplanned and incomplete drainage
network.
Strategies: Currently around 30% of the city is covered under drainage network. It is proposed to cover
the whole city with the network by 2015. This can be achieved by improving the condition of the existing
drains like de-silting of the drains, proper lining of drains, construction of new drains, provision of
rainwater harvesting, creating awareness among the people regarding the maintenance of drains
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highlighting the adverse effects of dumping the garbage in the drains etc. Also, the CDP suggests for the
preparation and implementation of Drainage Master Plan for the city.
Since, Bettiah city lies in the flood prone zone thus needs to have comprehensive drainage strategies and
goals. These should include state and regional level along with city level strategies. At state level,
strategies and action plans are being formulated and the implementation has already been taken up so
these strategies are not included in the CDP.
The benchmark study for drainage also suggests certain goals which are to achieve 100% coverage of the
city by storm water drainage network by the year 2015-16 and to reduce the incidence of water logging
and flooding by 2012.
Table 0-3: Existing Service Delivery & Future Strategies
Year
Bench
mark
(current) 12 13 14 15 16
Coverage of storm water
Storm 100 % 30 45 60 75 100 100
drainage network
Water
Incidence of water logging
Drainage 0 No. 1 0 0 0 0 0
& flooding
Solid waste management

Based on the standard @ 250 grams per person per day solid waste generation, the current (2011)
generation of waste works out to around 34 MT/day. The collection efficiency is low being only 50%.
Manual loading and unloading is practiced by the municipality. The waste collected is disposed off at four
sites identified in the city. Segregation of waste and Door-to-door collection is not practiced in any part of
the city. There are only 117 hand trolleys, 3 open-tractors and 1 tipper used by BMC for the collection of
solid waste in the city which is insufficient to serve the whole city. Also, the man power available for solid
waste management is highly insufficient.
The main issues regarding solid waste management is lack of primary collection of domestic solid waste
from households and small commercial establishments, no provision of scientifically efficient system for
the disposal of solid waste especially hazardous waste, random dumping practice of waste, lack of
segregation of solid waste etc. Most of the vehicles used in the solid waste collection are not functional.
Dumping and disposal of solid waste in unscientific way creates unhealthy and unhygienic conditions.
Strategies: Keeping in mind the above issues, stake holder consultation and studying the service level
bench marks, the following strategies and goals are suggested in the CDP so as to achieve 100%
household coverage of solid waste management services by the year 2015-16. It is expected that the total
load of waste by 2030 will be around 47.60 MT per day. These strategies include the scientific disposal of
the solid waste so as to reduce the environmental pollution, provision of adequate staff and sweepers,
provision of appropriate waste collected vehicles like tractors or tippers as per the requirement,
provisions of bins and storage units at regular intervals for waste collection, regular collection and
disposal of waste to avoid health hazards. Efficient management system should be required to achieve
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the vision of the city. To achieve above mentioned strategies and goals awareness generation
programmes are suggested. SWM can be taken up on PPP mode.
Table 0-4: Solid Waste Management- Existing Service Delivery & Future Strategies
Benc Year
h Un
Sector Indicator 2010-11 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015-
mar it
k (current) 12 13 14 15 16
Household level coverage of solid waste
100 % 0 20 40 60 80 100
management services
Efficiency of collection of municipal solid
Solid Waste Management
100 % 50 65 80 100 100 100

waste
Extent of segregation of municipal waste 100 % 0 15 40 65 100 100
Extent of municipal solid waste recovered 80 % 0 0 20 40 60 80
Extent of scientific disposal of municipal
100 % 0 0 0 50 100 100
solid waste
80 % 50 65 80 80 80 80
complaints
Extent of cost recovery in SWM services 100 % 0 20 40 60 80 100
Efficiency in collection of SWM charges 90 % 0 30 60 90 90 90
Road & Transportation
The city is connected by NH-28B, SH-54, SH-64 and outer ring road which acts as the bye pass to the city.
The major roads within the city limits include Tin lantern Chowk, Dwar Devi Chowk, Station Road,
Harivatika Chowk, Chhavani road, Najani Chowk, Kotwali Chowk and Naya Bazaar Road. The total length
of road network in Bettiah City is approximately 72 km which is around 0.5 Km per 1000 population and
are managed by different department viz. NHAI, PWD and BMC. The average widths of the right of way of
the surfaced roads 5.5 m further reduced to average 3.5m due to encroachments. Around 11% roads are
metalled and approximately 10% are non-metalled. Most of the existing roads are in poor condition.
Internal roads are narrow and not maintained properly specially in Meena Bazar, Bazaar Samiti and Naya
Bazaar areas. There is only one bus stand covering an area of about 4 acres, which is encroached by
dwelling units and Informal activities. The intercity connectivity is served by 5 government buses and 200
privately operated buses. Tongas and cycle rickshaws are the prime mode of public transport in the city,
with slow traffic movement. Encroachments on roads and pavements especially in old city have become
one of the major problems of the city. Informal establishments along roads reduce the effective width of
the carriageway for vehicular movement. On-street parking is common in city due to absence of planned
and organized parking facilities in entire city. There is lack of pedestrian facilities. There is no signage or
signalized intersection in the city. There is lack of trained traffic police and home guards for traffic
management in the city.
Strategies: The strategies and goals involved improvement of traffic and transportation in the city
includes the construction of new road length of 146 Km as per the requirement for the year 2030, 100%
signalization of Junction, Geometric improvements of rotary, improvement of existing bus terminal,
construction of transport Nagar, provision of economical, environment friendly and convenient public
transport system. Development of proper parking spaces at important and congested commercial areas.
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CDP also suggests widening and improvement of the roads along with the provision of other
infrastructure, lying of new roads, and refurbishment of ISBT with commercial complex. To have
systematic and organized traffic flow proper traffic management is also suggested. To achieve these
strategies goals are suggested which are translated in various projects.
Street lighting/ Street Poles
Presently there is no provision made for street lights by BMC. 5 vapour lights are being installed and
maintained at the major intersections by the collectorate. There is no provision for separate electricity
line for street lights in the city. The street lights/ poles mounted are broken or not functioning properly.
The demand is equal to gap which is 1733 lights.
Social Infrastructure
As per the UDPFI guidelines Bettiah city lacks in social infrastructure facilities. The social infrastructure
present in the city is not only inadequate but also in poor condition. The city lacks in recreational
facilities, community facilities like cinema hall, club, library parking lots, playgrounds, technical
equipments etc. The existing infrastructure like hospital is in poor condition. The school and colleges are
lacking in infrastructure facilities. The table shown below shows the demand and gap between the
existing and future requirement of educational and medical facilities in the city.
Housing & Slums

Bettiah Municipal Council has an average household size of 6.5, which is higher than the national average
of 5.12. There are a total number of 18051 census houses in the city as per Census of India 2001. 8% of
the total numbers of households are in dilapidated condition. 74% of the houses in BMC are permanent
structures while 14% are semi-permanent and 12% are temporary structures.
A total of 64975 additional houses will be required to fulfil the demand of the target year i.e. 2030.
Bettiah city has a total of 8,161 households, 40805 populations living in 110 notified slums. Thus 45%
(8161 out of 18051) of households in Bettiah live in slums. The spatial distribution of slums reveals that all
the wards have at least one slum within their boundary. The maximum numbers of slums are in the wards
covering Bettiah Raj area. The slum people are dependent on hand pumps for water supply. The lack of
basic infrastructure facilities in the slum areas results in unhygienic and unhealthy conditions.
Strategies: The strategies involved include the up gradation and improvement of quality of life of slum
dwellers, by the provision of basic infrastructure facilities like adequate supply of water, sanitation
facilities, education facilities like provision of Anganwadis, schools etc., health facilities like provision of
dispensary or primary health centre etc to the urban poor. There are state level programmes which are
ongoing for poverty alleviation and slum upgradation, which are being implemented in BMC as well. The
CDP also suggests having a comprehensive slum upgradation strategy which should include land tenure
policy, capacity building programmes for community development and development of institutions based
on community participation to be implemented under the ongoing programmes in Bihar state. CDP also
advocates introducing programmes for skill development among the poor people so as to improve their
living condition.
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Urban Environment
Bettiah is characterized by Chandrawat River and Kohada and a small drainage channel along west while
plantations covering almost the whole outer area of the city. Presence of Ox-Bow Lake and Udaipur
Jungle which is at a distance of 3 km in the west of Bettiah, form a unique ecosystem. The natural
features of the city are valuable scenic and recreational resources and can contribute to environmental
services. Bettiah lies in flood prone zone and seismic zone V which is high risk zone. The city is located at
an average mean sea level of about 65 meters (213 feet). It receives heavy annual rainfall of about 200-
400 mm which often causes flooding conditions. 90% of rainfall comes during monsoon period. The
month of May is usually the hottest month with an average maximum temperature of 45:C and the
average minimum of 34:C. The average maximum and minimum winter temperatures range from 10:C to
8:C respectively. The data for ambient air & quality of water is not readily available.
Growth of the city in a haphazard and unplanned manner with low lying areas abandoned, more over the
use of water bodies and open spaces as the dumping areas which have contributed to deteriorating the
environment of the city. The low lying area which gets flooded during the rainy season is also one of the
major issues in the city. Other issues includes like land pollution by Leachate, congested areas which are
more vulnerable to disasters like fire etc.
Strategies: The strategies include recommendations in CDP to have policies and reforms along with
institutional strengthening with emphasis on development controls and building bye laws since the area
require earthquake resistant buildings and effective enforcement, Rain water harvesting mandatory to
have a sustainable city. A comprehensive study is suggested to be conducted in this regard along with
mapping of environmentally sensitive areas supported by proper monitoring done at regular basis. Also,
the CDP suggests conservation and protection of environment sensitive areas and to develop water
bodies and parks as recreational areas.
Tourism and Heritage

The main tourist destinations within the city are Circuit House, Roman Catholic Mission, Kaali Bagh
Mandir, Maharaja’s Palace, K.R. High School, Sagar Pokhar, Saint Ghat, Machhli Lok, Jangi Masjid etc.
Bettiah is the city with tourist’s destinations in its proximity including religious tourirsm, ecotourism,
historical tourism, natural tourism etc.
The main issues regarding he tourism and heritage sites comprise lack of proper operation and
management of tourist resources, leading to dilapidated condition of tourist’s spots and Poor tourism
infrastructure like lack of tourist information centre, no provision of star hotels, poor traffic management
and public facilities for tourists etc.
Strategies: To achieve the vision of City Development Plan– 2030 that is, ‘to develop Bettiah as a Tourist
Transit Point’, there should be proper inventory and conservation of heritage sites in the city. There
should be establishment of conservation and management system to maintain the tourist flow in the city.
Adequate infrastructure facilities like hotels, medical facilities, shopping centres etc to be provided for
the tourists of all strata, in the city.
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Urban Governance
The city of Bettiah is managed and governed by a number of institutions and agencies. Besides BMC,
there is plethora of government agencies involved in city governance like PHED, PWD, UDHD, etc.
The governance structure of BMC is divided into two wings viz., administrative wing and elected wing.
Bettiah has Chairman-in-Council system. Council comprises 39 elected members from 39 wards, 3-co-
opted members, 1 MLAs and 1 MPs. chairman is the executive head of the urban local body and is
responsible for the governance of the body. Also, there are functional committees on various subjects,
namely executive committee, finance committee, health committee, building and works committee, rules
and byelaws committee, garage committee, license committee, house tax committee, electric and public
lighting committee.
At the state level implementation of reform agenda is being taken up which include effective
implementation of decentralization initiatives as envisaged in the 74th CAA, but all these reforms have
not yet been implemented in their complete essence at the city level. Hence, at ULB level it is important
to structure and implement a programme to expose all levels of municipal staff to convince them of the
need for change and hence need for relevant training and capacity building.
Thus the reforms that the ULB should adopt to achieve the goal of good governance for providing good
quality of life and sustainable city to the population at large are as follows:
Mandatory urban reforms:
 Property tax Reforms

 Accounting Reforms
 E-Governance - application of GIS and MIS
 PPP Initiatives
 Resource Mobilization Initiatives
Optional Reforms:
 Revision of Building Bye laws for better structural safety for earthquake resilient buildings
 Adoption of Single window system to make processes easy and streamlined
Financial Status of ULB

The income of BMC has decreased drastically to a level of Rs. 94 lakhs in the FY 2009-10 from Rs. 674
lakhs in FY 2008-09. This decrease is basically due to decrease in tax and non-tax revenue, revenue grants
and capital grants. The municipality was running in deficit in the FY 2009-10 by Rs. 197 lakhs. The
collection efficiency is low in regard to tax revenue income due to which their growth in revenue is not as
high as the existing potential of the town. The assessment done is also very low as compared to growth
rate of population which indicate that the lack of data collection on account of BMC.
The investment sustaining capacity of BMC is ascertained based on a financial operating plan (FOP),
which is essentially a 20-year forecast of municipal income and expenditure, based on certain trend-
based and revenue enhancement assumptions. Similarly the investment phasing of control investment is
worked out and shown in investment phasing plan.
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Capital Investment Plan (CIP)

The projects are derived based on the BMC estimates and aimed at ensuring optimal and efficient
utilization of existing infrastructure systems. The total estimated capital investment required for
providing efficient services to the population of BMC by the year 2030 is about Rs. 68476.4 Lakhs. The
table below presents the summary of sector-wise investment requirements.
Table 0-5: Capital Investment
Phase-I (2011-15) Phase-II Phase-III Phase-IV
Total
SN Sector Investment I st Yr. II nd Yr. III rd Yr. IV th Yr.
(Rs. Lakh) 2011-15 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
1 WATER SUPPLY 2851.00 673.75 1614.75 562.50 0.00 2851.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 SEWERAGE 16670.00 90.00 4087.50 6637.50 5625.00 16440.00 230.00 0.00 0.00
3 DRAINAGE 4962.20 1257.20 2017.50 1687.50 0.00 4962.20 0.00 0.00 0.00
SOLID WASTE
4 MANAGEMENT 823.37 42.50 260.02 0.00 0.00 302.52 137.01 145.77 238.07
URBAN
5 TRANSPORTATION 8383.33 445.83 1337.50 0.00 0.00 1783.33 800.00 1100.00 4700.00
6 EDUCATION 4050.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1400.00 1400.00 1250.00
7 HEALTH 7600.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1300.00 0.00 6300.00
HOUSING &
8 SLUMS 12251.50 3070.38 4590.56 4590.56 0.00 12251.50 0.00 0.00 0.00
URBAN
9 ENVIRONMENT 315.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 305.00 0.00
HERITAGE &
10 TOURISM 970.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 870.00 100.00
ECONOMY, TRADE
11 & COMMERCE 9125.00 50.00 75.00 0.00 0.00 125.00 6500.00 2500.00 0.00
URBAN
12 GOVERNANCE 475.00 137.50 337.50 0.00 0.00 475.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sub Total 68476.40 5777.16 14320.33 13478.06 5625.00 39200.55 10367.01 6320.77 12588.07
Land Acquisition
& other
escalations @
10% 6847.64 577.72 1432.03 1347.81 562.50 3920.06 1036.70 632.08 1258.81
TOTAL 75324.04 6354.87 15752.37 14825.87 6187.50 43120.61 11403.71 6952.85 13846.88
Financial Operating Plan (FOP)

The FOP is a cash flow stream of the ULB based on regular Municipality revenues, expenditures and
applicability of surplus funds to support project sustainability. The FOP horizon is determined to assess
the impact of full debt servicing liability resulting from the borrowings to meet the identified
interventions. The full project investment scenario is based on all the proposed investments identified for
Bettiah Municipality and the requirement for upgrading the town’s infrastructure is estimated and
phased based on the construction activity. Implications of this investment in terms of external
borrowings required, resultant debt service commitment and additional operation and maintenance
expenditure are worked out to ascertain sub-project cash flows. Revenue surpluses of the existing
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operations are applied to the sub-project cash flows emerging from full project investments – the
Municipality fund net surpluses indicates the ULB’s ability to sustain full investments.
The growth rates for the various heads of income and expenditure have been arrived based on the past
growth rates and the future estimated population growth. Improvements to the existing current and
arrears collection percentages have been assumed for the various revenues directly collected by the Local
Body, which implies that the Local Body would have to improve its collection mechanism to sustain full
investments.
Three scenarios have been worked out to check financial sustainability of ULB under different
assumptions. The scenarios considered are:
Scenario I - Estimation of Investment Capacity by considering all projects and all financial reforms
Scenario II - Estimation of Investment Capacity by considering all projects excluding Education & Health
and all financial reforms
Scenario III - Estimation of Borrowing and Investment Capacity by considering all Projects without
Financial Reforms.
We have arrived at the borrowing capacity of Municipality on the minimum of the following:
 30% of revenue projections

 Primary Operating Surplus (Surplus before Interest & Depreciation)
The net present value (NPV) of the least of the above has been worked out to arrive at the borrowing
capacity of the Municipality. The Investment Capacity has been arrived on dividing the borrowing
capacity by loan component %.
Inference
 The Municipality would be in a position to undertake the projects mentioned in FOP only if the
financial reforms are carried out.
 The borrowing capacity of Bettiah Municipality works out to Rs. 14000 lacs.
 The investment capacity of Bettiah Municipality works out to Rs. 70250 lacs.
 As against the total investment requirement of Rs. 56827 lacs, the investment capacity works out
to Rs. 70250 lacs. Thus the sustainable investment capacity works out to 124%.
 Considering the same, Bettiah Municipality would be in a position to undertake all the projects
except for health and education sector mentioned in FOP.
 The projects under Education and Health are to be undertaken mainly by way of Grants; the
Municipality can go ahead and undertake these projects also.
 Bettiah Municipality can prioritize the projects to be undertaken by the Municipality. Thus all
projects indicated as ‘A’ in the priority list can be taken up immediately and the projects
indicated as ‘B’ in the priority list can be spread out over the next 10 years.
 The Municipality should also look at the possibility of increasing revenue from other sources like
sale of services, rental income from properties etc. This would improve the viability of the
Municipality and there by undertake more projects.
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Overall Assessment
The table below indicates the assessment of the existing service delivery levels for Bettiah city. The gist of
overall assessment shows that the status of physical infrastructure and environment sustainability are
either alarming or below average, financial management of the ULB is alarming in operating ratio but
good in revenue income, population below poverty line is also alarming; leadership and economic
development potential are either average or good.
SN Parameter Indicators Bettiah
1 Status of Infrastructure and Service Delivery Levels
a. Coverage of Water Supply
b. Per Capita Availability of Water
c. Continuity of Water Supply
d. Coverage of Individual Toilets
e. Door to Door Collection
f. Collection Efficiency of Solid Waste
2 Financial Management
a. Operating Ratio
b. Growth in Revenue Income
3 Poverty Level
a. Population Below Poverty Line (BPL)
4 Organization Structure
a. Staffing pattern, availability of sufficient staff, competency
level of existing staff for implementing proposed projects
5 Leadership
a. Leadership quality, awareness and understanding regarding
urban sector, proactive approach for implementing reform
measures
6 Economic Development Potential

a. Potential for Development, linkages to the state capital and
other cities, status of existing infrastructure
7 Environment Sustainability
a. Status of Environment, quality of water, air
8 Participation
a. Level of Participation from Citizen/Citizen Forums/Welfare
Association in municipal affairs
9 Compliance with Reforms
a. Status of reform implementation and preparedness for
implementation
Legend for colour coding
Alarming Average
Below Average Good
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1 PROJECT BACKGROUND
1.1. Introduction
Bihar is one of the poorest and least urbanized states in India with 41% of its population classified as
poor, as per the Below Poverty Line (BPL) Survey for the states. The past few years have witnessed
significant changes with the formulation of several reform oriented policies conducive for long term
development.
The Support Programme for Urban Reforms in Bihar (SPUR) is based on the premise that effective urban
centres play a significant role in economic growth and poverty reduction by providing the nuclei for
greater economic activity and services that can contribute to pro-poor development.
Thus, the SPUR goal is to promote economic growth and reduce poverty in an accelerated manner in the
state of Bihar by 2016.
To enhance development in the state, the assignment seeks to provide support to various local bodies of
Bihar in preparing City Development Plans2 (CDP). The CDPs shall provide comprehensive long term
strategies (Vision 2030) classified into Immediate Term (5 years), Short Term (10 years), Medium Term
(15 years) and End Term (20 years) along with City Investment Plan (CIP), based on which the local body
will assess funds under Government of India (GoI) and Government of Bihar (GoB) schemes, from SPUR
supported by DFID as well as from other sources.
1.2. Scope of Work

The scope of work covers the following
 Assessing the demand supply gaps for identified projects.

 Providing Financial Assessment of the Urban Local Bodies – assessment of local finances (past 5
years) in terms of sources and uses of funds, base and base of levy, revision history and impacts,
state assignments and transfers – base and basis of transfer and its predictability; uses of funds
outstanding liabilities (loans, power dues, pension etc.) and a review of revenue and services
management arrangements.
 Suggesting measures to increase the general level of service, coverage and quality of municipal
services in both poor and non poor localities.
 Improvements in staffing and management arrangements in delivery of services.
 Outlining issues in revenue realizations, quality of existing assets in relation to service levels and
coverage and institutional constraints.
2
A City Development Plan (CDP) is both a perspective and a vision for the future development of a city. It addresses
four prime questions – Where are we now? Where do we want to go? What do we need to address on a priority
basis? What interventions do we make in order to attain the vision? (JNNURM Toolkit 2)
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 Developing quick indicators of performance, based on current coverage, additional population in

a short term (10 years) and unit cost.
 Estimating city level investment requirement for up-gradation of city wide infrastructure.
 Preparing a comprehensive Asset Management Plan for existing and proposed investment and
using fiscal notes and policy analysis to assist in making informed choices to achieve sector/ city
goals.
 Defining priority assets and indicative costs of rehabilitation.
 Conducting fiscal impacts analysis of investments: life cycle O&M cost, revenues from project,
and costs/ impacts on finances and of not doing the projects.
 Exploring funding options for rehabilitation of facilities.
 Preparing a realistic Financial Operating Plan (FOP) based on availability of resources and ability
to leverage additional resources.
1.3. Objective of the Study

The aim of the assignment is to visualize the city in the next 20 years; the key objectives are listed below:
 Defining the growth directions and service up-gradations in relation to the activity mix/ growth.
 Assessing the demand- supply gap in services to estimate and prioritize project requirements.
 Defining specific rehabilitation and capital improvement needs with regards to priority city
infrastructure in both slums and other areas.
 Defining revenue enhancement and revenue management improvements required to sustain the
investment proposed.
 Reforming required in local administration and service delivery to ensure financial sustainability
and improvements in service levels.
 Suggesting changes required at the local level to improve Operation & Maintenance (O&M) of
assets including use of different institutional and PPP models.
 Addressing common growth and infrastructure issues.
1.4. Coverage of the Study area

The City Development Plan will be formulated for Bettiah Municipal Council that covers a total area of
8.01 Sq. Km.
Table 1-1 Study Area Coverage
S .NO NAME OF TOWN AREA (HA) AREA (SQ. KM)
1 Bettiah Municipal Council 801 Ha 8.01 Sq. Km
Source: Department of Urban Development and Housing, GoB
1.5. Methodology
Preparation of CDP is divided into five stages. The detailed step wise methodology has been highlighted
in the following section:

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Phase I: Inception Stage
The purpose of this stage was to review and analyze the current status and unique features of the city
with regards to the state of its development, systems and procedures, and equally its institutional and
financial context. This stage involved the following activities:
 Activity 1: Preliminary Meeting, Data Collection and Review
Task 1: Preliminary Meeting

The assignment commenced with the preliminary meeting with the Chairman, Executive Officer and
officials of Bettiah Municipal Council to understand their requirements from this assignment. Following
activities were undertaken:
 Introductory meeting with the Chairman, Executive Officer, Heads of Departments, Councillors
and representatives of ongoing urban programmes.
 Identification of line departments and key stakeholders for urban service delivery and
development such as Development Authority, Municipal Council, NGOs and CBOs.
 Preliminary List of key stakeholders that need to be involved in the planning process, etc. was
prepared.
Task 2: Reconnaissance Survey and data collection

Introductory meeting with the key stakeholders and procurement of base map was done which was
followed by reconnaissance survey and initial data collection process. Data collection was carried out
using the data checklist and Performa attached in Annexure 1. Following activities were taken up:
 Field reconnaissance was conducted to determine growth patterns of the city, characteristics of
the slums and environmentally sensitive areas.
 Obtaining base maps and available secondary data on the city’s demographics, master plan,
reports prepared under past and current urban development programmes, Bettiah Municipal
Council annual budget reports, Bettiah Municipal Council reports giving status of service delivery
and other relevant documents on heritage listing, data on slums and urban poor.
 Activity 2: Stakeholder consultation and Kick off Workshop

Task 3: Pre-workshop stakeholder consultation and formation of CLSG
At this stage, list of stakeholders was prepared. These groups were categorized as primary and secondary
stakeholders. Sample of stakeholders were selected for preliminary consultation. Discussions were
carried out through structured questionnaires. On the basis of the stakeholder list and preliminary
consultation, the members of City Level Steering Group (CLSG) were identified. The CLSG was finalized
after discussions with Urban Administrative & Development Department.
Task 4: Kick-off workshop
VSPL with the support Bettiah Municipal Council organized a one day kick-off workshop to familiarize the
stakeholders with the purpose, process and expected outcomes of the CDP and strived to generate
enthusiasm, understanding and commitment to the CDP. In the workshop the CLSG was launched.

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The formation of the Steering Committee was ratified at this workshop. Critical sectors were highlighted
for which detailed analysis was carried out.
 Activity 3: Preliminary Situational Analysis
Task 3: Preliminary Situational Analysis

Preliminary analysis was done based on secondary data collection and stakeholder consultations. Post
data analysis and the kick-off workshop, situational analysis was carried out. The analysis and assessment
included:
 Regional Setting, Administrative Boundary, Demography, Economy (Potential for

local/regional economic development), Urban Growth, Land use change and Bio-physical
environment.
 Urban Basic Services: water supply, sanitation, municipal solid waste & disposal, drainage,
roads/urban transport, urban environment, health and education and fire services.
 Institutional Arrangements of key stakeholders and their roles & responsibilities in city
planning with reference to delivery and management of urban basic services.
 Financial framework of key stakeholder agencies involved in service delivery and O&M.
Deliverables: Inception Report

Phase II: Sectoral Assessment and City Profile
 Activity 4: Sectoral Assessment and City Profile

In this stage a detailed analysis was carried out for key sectors - infrastructure, housing, environment,
economy, governance, finance etc. Besides, special focus was given to the following five sectors:
 Study of economic opportunity and potential for Local/regional economic development, with
special reference to the poor.
 Access to land, housing, social and environmental services and livelihood for urban poor.
 Drinking Water Supply.
 Waste Water Collection, Transportation, Treatment and Final Disposal.
 Storm Water Drainage and Final Disposal.
 Solid Waste Management including treatment and final disposal.

 Transport study with emphasis on low cost public transport and livelihoods and Traffic
Management.
 Heritage conservation and tourism.
 Environmental sustainability.
 Land issues- Availability, land use, land management, regulations and future needs.
 Assessment of the “Planning” role of the urban local body, especially its ability to implement the
CDP.

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 The constraints to setting up business – registration, approval processes, registration of plots.
To undertake the study, VSPL interacted with various stakeholder groups (meetings, workshops and focus
group discussions) and reviewed relevant publications, reports, NGOs, procedures, laws and related
matters to analyse the current situation in each of the key sectors.
The findings from the sector analysis were used to prepare the City Profile consisting of the assessment
of the existing situation in all the sectors identified, emerging issues, SWOT analysis and projections of
the present gaps and future requirements.
Deliverables: City Profile and Sector Assessment Report
Phase III: Development of city vision and sector goals and strategies
 Activity 5 : Benchmark study
At this stage benchmark study was done to list best practices for urban development. Best practice study
was done for all the sectors i.e. infrastructure development, urban reform, environment improvement
and other sectors as well. The study helped in strategy building process.
 Activity 6: Pre-workshop Stakeholder Consultation
Sector assessment done in the last stage was discussed with different stakeholders at individual level or
in groups.
STAKEHOLDER TECHNIQUE
Residents Group Discussions representing each ward
Slums Group discussions in sample pockets
Community Leaders Individual Consultations
Government Departments Individual Consultations
Hoteliers/ Dharamshalas Individual Consultations
Restaurants Individual Consultations
Trade Associations Group Discussions
Transporter Associations Individual Meetings or group discussion as per availability
Industry Investors Individual meetings with Industrialist currently visiting the town & surroundings
Educational Institutions Group discussions
Doctors Individual Consultations
Real Estate Developers Individual Consultations
NGOs Individual Consultations
Discussions were initiated on strategies, priorities and major actions that may be required to move
towards the vision. Findings from the consultation process further substantiated the sector assessment
and analysis. The Consultants continued to work in consultation with the local counterparts to develop
sector strategies in consonance with the city vision and sector goals.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
 Activity 7: Second Workshop
A city level workshop was organised where city perspective and city priorities were presented. The
objective of the workshop was to form working groups to discuss the key issues identified in the
proceeding stages. The workshop was divided into different session as per the issues. The discussion was
initiated on strategies, priorities and major actions that will be required in the next five years to move
towards Vision 2030.
Deliverable: The output of the workshop was to finalise city vision, sector goals and possible alternate
strategies and actions and projects.
 Activity 8: Identification and detailing of projects

On the basis of the consultant’s understanding of the best practices, issues identified, prospective growth
scenario and strategies suggested; projects were identified and finalized at the workshop with the
Steering group and other key stakeholders.
Phase IV: Development of strategies and priority actions
 Activity 9: Evaluation of strategies/ projects
The strategies were evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to achieving the vision and
sector goals. Criteria were developed for prioritizing the strategies, programs and projects in consultation
with the Steering Group.
 Activity 10: Third Workshop

A city level workshop was organised where strategies and priority actions were presented. The objective
of the workshop was to finalise the operational strategies for the various sectors and presentation of
implementable action plans. The workshop was divided into different sessions as per the priority actions.
The participants of the session were mainly technical experts from different departments and institutes.
The projects were discussed and finalised at this workshop with the Steering group and other key
stakeholders.
Deliverable: The output of this phase was an agreed plan outlining the goals, strategies, priority actions
and projects with an estimate of preliminary funding requirements in each sector.
Phase V: Preparing a City Investment Plan (CIP), financing strategy and CDP
 Activity 11: Preparation of Draft CDP
Last stage of the CDP was to formulate the Capital Investment Plan (CIP) and Financial Operating Plan
(FOP). CIP laid out the cost and revenue estimates of all the priority projects in the next five years. The
preparation of the CIP was a reiterative process requiring adjustments to individual projects as well as
changes in scheduling to make the whole package work financially. Then financial operating plan and
project cash flows were worked out for each project on the basis of sustainable financial situation up to
2030. The Consultants also determined types and sources of financing for priority projects from internal
resources, state and central governments, local financial institutions, donors and through public-private
partnerships. The implications of each of these were considered.

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VISION Based Landuse Demand Based Landuse

Promotion STRATEGIES Promotion
Phase-IV
LIVABILITY COMPETITIVENESS MANAGEABILITY BANKABILITY

- Infrastructure & Services - City Economic Development - Institutional - Sustainable Municipal
- Traffic & Transportation - Social Development Development - Urban Finance
- Housing & Slum Improvement Governance
Setting up Prospective Growth Scenario
PROGRAMMES & PROJECT IDENTIFICATION

Capital Investment Plan
IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES PROJECT CASH FLOWS
Setting up Suggestive
External Field Experts Stake Holders
Development Guidelines
Figure 1-1 Strategies, Projects, CIP and FOP
Deliverable: Draft CDP
 Activity 12: Fourth workshop on Draft CDP
The Consultants with support from UD&HD organized a fourth workshop involving all the stakeholders,
who were a part of the CDP preparation process to present the findings.
The workshop will seek an endorsement of the City Development Plan from the stakeholder group
present and agree on procedures for performance monitoring.
 Activity 13: Finalization of Draft CDP
The suggestions and comments were incorporated in the draft CDP following the fourth and final
workshop. The final document was presented to the UD&HD for finalization.
The final document shall be submitted to the Bettiah Municipal Council.

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City Profile Kick off Meeting

INCEPTION STAGE 1. Location and Linkages
2. Socio-economic assessment Data Collection
3. City Infrastructure
4. Environment
Stakeholder Profile
5. Urban Governance and Finance
PHASE I
Stakeholder Consultation
INCEPTION REPORT
Kickoff Workshop I
Detailed Sector Analysis

SECTOR 1. City Economy and Social Development
ASSESSMENT & 2. Physical Planning and Growth Management
CITY PROFILE 3. Urban Environment
Data Collection
PHASE II
4. Urban Poverty
5. Housing and Slums
6. Institutional Setup and Urban Governance Stakeholder
7. Municipal Finance Consultation
8. Urban Infrastructure and Services
9. Heritage and Tourism Issue/Problems
10. Road and Transport Infrastructure /Potential
11. Asset Management
Development of COMMENCEMENT
Bench Mark Study OF NEXT STAGE
Literature Review
city vision and Stakeholder Consultation
sector goals and
PHASE III
strategies Workshop II Stakeholder

Consultation
Prioritization of Issues
Setting of Vision, Goals and Strategies
Development of Evaluation of Strategies

PHASE IV
strategies and Stakeholder

priority actions Stakeholder Workshop III Consultation
Listing of
Prioritizing Strategies and Actions
Projects
Preparing a City Capital Investment Plan (CIP)

PHASE V
Investment Plan
Preliminary Financial Operating Plan
(CIP), financing
strategy and CDP Fourth Workshop/Draft CDP Stakeholder
Consultation
FINAL CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Figure 1-2 Methodology

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2 BETTIAH CITY: OVERVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Bettiah Municipal Council (BMC) was established as a municipality in 1869 and is the district
headquarters for West Champaran District located in the state of Bihar, 225 Km North-West of Patna, the
capital of state. Bettiah is a significant city near the Indo-Nepal border and UP- Bihar state border. The
city also caters as a transit point for tourists going to Nepal (Kathmandu) via Raxaul. The city is an
agricultural trade centre which is also known for manufacturing brass, metal-ware and leather goods.
Figure 2-1 City Map of Bettiah Source: Google Image and BMC
2.2 Historical Footprints

Bettiah, pronounced as 'Betiya', derived its name from 'baint' (local name for 'cane'), seat of the erstwhile
Bettiah Raj; with its vicinity falling in the twin districts of West Champaran and East Champaran forming
another Bihar region steeped in history and culture. Bettiah Raj was well known for its eighteen hundred
square miles of land, yielding a rental of almost 2 million rupees which was second largest in Bihar. In

CITY DEVELOPMENT
India the land rental system was termed as zamindari, which was later banned by the government and all
the rented land was acquired. The history of the district during the late medieval period and the British
period is linked with the history of Bettiah Raj. The estate came under the management of Court of
Wards in 1897 and was held by the Maharaja's junior widow, Maharani Janaki Kuar. The British Raj palace
occupies a large area in the centre of the town. In 1910 at the request of Maharani, the palace was built
after the plan of Graham's palace in Calcutta. The Court of Wards is, at present, holding the property of
Bettiah Raj.
Bettiah was one of the main headquarters of the Britishers during British rule in India. During The British
rule, the entire region surrounding Bettiah was extensively used for indigo plantation. The city of Bettiah
inherits a very rich culture and history related to Indian national movement. Father of the Nation,
‘Gandhiji’, started the Satyagraha movement from here in 1917. In 1959, when Prime Minister Pt.
Jawahar Lal Nehru visited Bettiah, he said that, "This city will be the fifth metro city of the country". It is
also, the birth place of famous poet Gopal Singh 'Nepali', the famous producer Prakash Jha and actor
Manoj Bajpai.
2.3 Geographical Settings

Bettiah is located in West Champaran District at 26°48' north latitude and 84°30' east longitude, in Bihar
state. The total area of the Bettiah city is 8.01 Sq. Km and that of the district West Champaran is 5,228
Sq.Km. The average elevation of Bettiah city is 65 m (213 feet) from mean sea level (MSL).
West Champaran district is located at the western end of Bihar. It shares international border with Nepal
in the North, Gopalganj and East Champaran in the South, Padarua and Deoria district of Uttar Pradesh in
West and East Champaran in East.
Figure 2-2 Project City Location
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As the district shares its northern border with Nepal, it has an international importance. The international
border is open with five blocks of the district, namely, Bagaha, Ramnagar, Gaunaha, Mainatand and Sikta,
extending from north-west corner to south-east covering a distance of 35 Km.
The district is divided into few distinct tracts. The first consists of the hilly tract of Someswar and Dun
Range in the North at the foot hills of Himalayas. It is noticeable that the soil even at the foot of the hills
has no rocky formation. The hilly streams play havoc by bringing down huge quantities of sand &
destroying cultivable lands. The hills contain large stretches of forests. Next to the hilly area comes the
Terai region which is largely populated by Tharus of the District. The Terai region is followed by fertile
plains occupying the rest of the district. This plain itself is divided into two well defined tracts by the little
Gandak and have markedly distinct characteristics. The Gandak or Narayani and Sikrahana or little
Gandak are the two important rivers of this district.
2.4 Connectivity & Linkages

Connectivity and linkages play a vital role in the development and growth of a city. By virtue of its
strategic location and linkages, Bettiah has become one of the most important towns of northern Bihar.
Table 2-1 Distance of towns / Cities from Bettiah
Name of Town/ City Distance from Bettiah (Km) By Road Region
Cities in Bihar
Motihari 50 East Champaran, Bihar
Madhuban 89 East Champaran, Bihar
Gopalganj 98 Gopalganj, Bihar
Muzaffarpur 120 Muzaffarpur, Bihar
Sitamarhi 143 Sitamarhi, Bihar
Darbhanga 175 Darbhanga, Bihar
Hajipur 182 Vaishali, Bihar
Madhubani 200 Madhubani, Bihar
Patna 220 Patna, Bihar
Munger 250 Munger, Bihar
Other Cities
Gorakhpur 180 Uttar Pradesh
Varanasi 346 Uttar Pradesh
Lucknow 410 Uttar Pradesh
Kanpur 435 Uttar Pradesh
Ranchi 475 Jharkhand
Kolkota 620 West Bengal
Delhi 810 Delhi
Source: Google Maps and Maps of India, 2010
2.4.1 Roadways
West Champaran district has a good network of railways and roadways. All the block headquarters are
linked with the district headquarters (Bettiah). Bettiah is well connected via road and railway network. It
is connected by road to other key towns like Motihari, Madhuban, Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, Munger,
Hajipur, Patna, Gorakhpur & other interstate towns. Also, the city has an outer ring road which also acts

CITY DEVELOPMENT
as bypass to the city. However, Bettiah city still lags behind in having sufficient connectivity by metalled
roads within its territory.
The town is connected by
 NH-28 B: It passes through the town and connects with various towns like Sheohar, Motihari
(connects in Chakia with NH-28 way to Motihari) and Darbhanga
 SH-64 and SH-54: connecting the town with Raxaul and Sonbarsa in north (border of Nepal),
Hajipur, Muzaffarpur and Patna.
NH- 28B
6 Km
Project City
SH- 64
Surrounding Cities/ Towns
NH National Highway
Jogapatti 4 Km
SH State Highway
SH- 64 Other Roads
NH- 28B Railway Line
2 Km Train Station
Bus Station
NH- 28B
NH- 28B
2 Km
NH- 28B
Bairia 4 Km NH- 28B

NH- 28B
6 Km
SH-54
N
Figure 2-3 Linkages & Connectivity – Bettiah

Source: Google Maps and Maps of India, 2010
2.4.2 Railways
Bettiah is an important railway station in the region which is linked to Hajipur, Darbhanga and West
Champaran & Bhikna Thori on the Indo-Nepal Border. The railways were introduced in 1888 when Bettiah
was linked with Muzaffarpur. Bettiah falls on Motihari –Muzaffarpur railway route and is well connected
with Gorakhpur, Lucknow, Bandra, Delhi, Kolkata, Porbandar and Amritsar. The construction of Chhitauni
Rail Bridge has resulted in a direct link of the district. A line also runs from Narkatiaganj to Bairgania via
Raxaul. Total length of railway tracks within the district is 220 Kms.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Bettiah Railway Station
2.4.3 Airways
The nearest airport with regular flights to all major
towns and cities is Jaiprakash Narayan
International Airport in Patna, to the south of
Bettiah city; at a distance of 225 to 230 Km.
Bettiah & Valmikinagar have an airstrip. However,
these air strips are not commercial; there was
facility for landing small aircrafts for emergency
landings since past 10 years. However, now this
airstrip is totally non-functional and most of the
land under the airstrip is encroached either by
dwellers or converted into informal playground.
Encroached and Non-Functional Airstrip – Bettiah
2.5 Administrative Setup of Bettiah Municipal Council

The district has 3 sub-divisions, 6 towns, 18 community development blocks and 1483 villages. Bettiah
Municipal Council area comes under the Bettiah block. The district bounded in the north by hilly region of
Nepal, in the south by Gopalganj & part of Purbi Champaran District, in the east by Purbi Champaran
District and in the west by Padrauna & Deoria District of Uttar Pradesh.
Table 2-2 Bettiah District Administrative Framework
District H.Quarter Sub Divisions Blocks No of Towns No of Villages
Bettiah
Sikta 1483
Mainatand 1. Bettiah
Chanpattia 2. Chanpattia
West Champaran
1. Bettiah Bairia 3. Bagaha-1
Bettiah
2. Bagaha Lauria 4. Bagaha-2
3. Narkatiyaganj Bagaha-1 5. Narkatiaganj
Bagaha-2 6. Ramnagar
Madhubani

CITY DEVELOPMENT
District H.Quarter Sub Divisions Blocks No of Towns No of Villages

Gaunaha
Narkatiaganj
Manjhaulia
Nautan
Jogapatti
Ramnagar
Bhitaha
Pipras
Thakraha
Source: Bettiah Municipal Council
BETTIAH
Figure 2-4 Administrative Setup of West Champaran District

Source: NIC, Bihar

CITY DEVELOPMENT
2.6 Study Area: Bettiah Municipal Council

The study area covers the area under Bettiah Municipal Council (BMC). Bettiah is a small city covering an
area of 801 Ha. Bettiah had 25 wards in 2001 which have been increased to 39 wards in the year 2007.
Figure 2-5 Study Area – BMC Ward Map (Source: BMC)

Table 2-3 Study Area
LOCATION AREA (HA) AREA (SQ. KM) REMARKS
Bettiah Municipal Council (BMC) 801 8.01 Urban Area
Source: BMC
2.7 Demographic Profile

2.7.1 Population
Bettiah Municipal Council had a population of 116,670 according to Census, 2001. The area of the West
Champaran district is 5,228 Sq. Km. Males constitute 52% of the population and females account for 48%.
Table 2-4 Comparative Urban Population Analysis
PARTICULARS TOTAL URBAN POPULATION MALE POPULATION FEMALES POPULATION

CITY DEVELOPMENT
PARTICULARS TOTAL URBAN POPULATION MALE POPULATION FEMALES POPULATION

Urban India 286,119,689 150,554,098 135,565,591
Bihar 8,681,800 4,648,799 4,033,001
West Champaran District 309,559 164,186 145,373
Bettiah Municipal
116,670 61,753 54,917
Council
Source: Census of India, 2001 & District Statistical Handbook
2.7.2 Population Growth Trend

The decadal population growth trend has a positive growth. However, there is a decline in the decadal
growth rate from 1991 onwards as seen from the table below.
Table 2-5: Bettiah Municipal Council Population Growth

YEAR BMC POPULATION DECADAL GROWTH RATE (%)
1961 39,990 -
1971 51,018 27.58
1981 72,167 41.45
1991 92,653 28.39
2001 116,670 25.92
2011 132,896 (Census 2011 Provisional Figures) 13.9

Source: Census of India and BMC
Figure 2-6 Population Growth Trend of Bettiah Municipal Council
2.7.3 Spatial Population Distribution

As per 2001 Census, Bettiah had 25 wards which have been increased to 39 wards in 2007. The spatial
population distribution as per revised wards has been presented in the figure below and the ward-wise
population distribution for year 2011 has been shown in Annexure- 3.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Figure 2-7: Ward wise population distribution of BMC (2001)
2.7.4 Density
Bettiah shows a density of 145 people/ha as per 2001 Census and 169 pph as per 2011 Census data. The
ward wise analysis shows that the central wards are densely populated. The burden of population in the
central area has resulted in the formation of a number of pucca houses and some are under construction.
The wards in the north, northwest and some of the wards in the south of city show lowest density.
2.7.5 Schedule Caste & Schedule Tribe Population

The percentage of Scheduled tribes (ST) population is negligible in the city which is around 0.48% as per
2001 Census. Schedule castes (SC) population contributes 6.52% of total population of BMC and comprise
as high as 46.09% of the population of ward no. 23. The ward-wise ST and SC population distribution is
shown in Annexure- 4.
2.7.6 Literacy
The overall literacy rate of Bettiah Municipal Council is 63%. It is higher than the State literacy rate of
60%. The male literacy rate is 69% while female literacy stands at 57%. A comparison of the ward level
literacy profile of the city reveals that ward nos. 2, 5 and 22 have the highest literacy rate at more than
80%, while the lowest literacy rate is seen in ward no. 12, which has a literacy rate of 40%. The ward-wise
literacy rate is shown in Annexure-5.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Table 2-6 Comparative Urban Literacy Rate

PARTICULARS TOTAL MALES FEMALES
Urban India 80% 86% 73%
Bihar 60% 67% 52%
West Champaran District 52% 60% 43%
Bettiah Municipal Council 63% 69% 57%
Figure 2-8: Comparison of Literacy rate of BMC with National, State and District averages (2001)
2.7.7 Sex Ratio

The average sex ratio of Bettiah Municipal Council (889) is lower than the national average (900) but
higher than that of Bihar state (868). The ward wise sex ratio shows that the highest sex ratio is in ward
no. 4 (967) while the lowest is in ward no. 22 (812). The ward-wise Sex ratio is shown in Annexure- 6.
Table 2-7 Comparative Urban Sex Ratio
PARTICULARS SEX RATIO SEX RATIO 0-6 SEX RATIO SC SEX RATIO ST
Urban India 900 906 923 944
Bihar 868 924 877 839
West Champaran District 885 943 870 842
Bettiah Municipal Council 889 929 857 1,116
Figure 2-9: Comparison of Sex Ratio of BMC with National, State and District averages (2001)
MAJOR ISSUE POTENTIAL
Currently (2011), city has population of 132,896 (Census Bettiah observes a high literacy
2011 provisional) with density of 169 pph which is very rate of about 63% as compared
high as per UDPFI norms for Medium sized city. to State and District level
Lower sex ratio compared to average national level. averages.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
2.7.8 Population Projections

Since, Support Programme for Urban Reforms (SPUR) aims at sustainable cities with strong economic
base and basic infrastructure facilities for all, along with generation of employment opportunities, so it is
expected that the population will be projected at a higher rate than the present decadal growth rate.
Hence, the population has been projected up to the horizon year 2030 taking into consideration the
decadal population trend as well as, the average of 5 population projection methods (Arithmetic
Progression, Linear Trend, Incremental Increase, Exponential and Geometric Progression method). As per
the population projection by 2020 and 2030 the population of Bettiah City would be 159,311 & 190,203
respectively.
Table 2-8 Population Projections for Bettiah Municipal Council
Arithme Increm Geomet
Census tic Linear ental Expone ric Averag Averag
Average of A, B,
Year Popula Progres Trend Increas ntial Progres e of A, e of C,
C, D & E
tion sion Method e Method sion B&C D&E
Method Method Method
Populati Decadal
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
on Growth
1961 39990
1971 51018
1981 72167
1991 92653
2001 116670
2011 132896
2020 149,619 150,481 150,789 180,352 165316 150,296 165,486 159,311 19.88%
2030 168,200 169,966 170,669 231,484 210695 169,612 204,283 190,203 19.39%
Source: Census of India, 2001, 2011 & VSPL Estimate
Figure 2-10 Population Projection of Bettiah Municipal Council

CITY DEVELOPMENT
2.7.9 Issues, Potentials and Strategies

MAJOR FINDINGS MAJOR ISSUES POTENTIALS STRATEGIES
 The population growth rate of  Currently (2011), city  Bettiah  Immediate
Bettiah was very high during has population of observes a action on the
the period between 1971 and 132,896 (Census high literacy preparation of
1981. 2011 provisional) rate of about Master Plan of
 The average decadal growth with density of 169 63% as the city for
rate during 1971-81 was pph which is very compared to accommodating
41.45% and it fell to 25.92% in high as per the State and the future
1991-2001. standard norms for District growing
 As per 2001, population Medium sized city. average. population and
density in BMC is 145  Uncontrolled and  Low sex ratio to stop
Person/Hectare. haphazard growth in is because of unplanned
 The population projection the town. migration of growth in the
indicates that by 2020 the  Lower sex ratio as people to the fringe of the
population would increase to compared to average city. city.
around 1.6 lakh and around 1.9 national level.  To check
lakh by 2030  The population is migration job
 Schedule Caste Population projected to be opportunities
percentage (6.52%) in city is around one and a should be
higher than national average. half times of the provided in
Ward No 23 has the highest SC present population. rural areas.
population to Ward Population  Female literacy rate  Promotion of
while there is negligible ST is low which needs to the education
population in the city. be addressed. of girl child.
2.8 Economic Profile
2.8.1 Regional Potential

Figure 2-11 Population Projection of Bettiah Municipal Council
The district West Champaran has
agriculture as the main occupation.
Some agro-based industries have
flourished here and are being run
successfully. Sugar mills established
in Majhaulia, Harinagar, Ramnagar,
Narkatiaganj are in working
condition but in Bagaha, Chanpatia
and Lauria sugar mills are not
functional. Some rice mills are also
being run successfully and the
produce is being marketed to
different places outside the district. Source: Economic Survey 2010-11; GoB; Finance Dept.
Cottage industries based on locally available natural and agricultural produce which cater to the local

CITY DEVELOPMENT
needs such as Gur (raw-sugar), basket, rope, mat weaving etc are also popular. Bettiah falls in the riverine
plane of the Kodha & Chandrawat Rivers. Because of this topographic nature, land put to agricultural use
here is high as compared to other states in India. The land utilization pattern in district West Champaran
for the year 2007-2008 has been presented in the above figure. 57% of total land utilization area is
covered under net sown area followed by 19% of land put to Non-Agri use and 19% of land is under
forests. Bettiah can be counted as a town with prominent economic activities in secondary and tertiary
sectors.
2.8.1.1 Production of Major Crops in District West Champaran

Figure 2-12: Area and production of major crops in District West Champaran (2007-08 to 2008-09)
Source: Economic Survey 2010-11; GoB, Finance Dept.
Considering the District for regional resource potential for Agro based Industries:
 The cropping intensity in 2007-08 of West Champaran (1.40) is higher than Bihar state(1.37)
 For wheat production and productivity, District West Champaran is the Third highest in Bihar
state.
 State productivity of Maize is higher than national average.
 The district also accounts for second highest productivity level for Maize.
 As per 2008-09 production of rice the district is second highest in the state.
The above graph presents the production of major crops compare to area like Rice, Wheat & Maize
during the period of 2007-2008 to 2008-2009. Based on this, it emerges that West Champaran produced
92217 Tonnes of rice cultivated over 172604 Ha of area in year 2007-2008 which increased to 336345
Tonnes over 168525 Ha of area in year 2008-2009. Production of wheat is 263300 Tonnes over 83575 Ha

CITY DEVELOPMENT
area in 2007-2008 which decreased to 239348 Tonnes over 83457 Ha area in year 2008-2009. It is noted
that cultivation of Maize has registered significant negative growth from year 2007-2008 to year 2008-
2009.
Figure 2-13: Productivity of major crops in District West Champaran
Source: Economic Survey 2010-11; GoB; Finance Dept.
Fertility of soil, along with endowment of abundant ground water resources, enables the farmers of West
Champaran to produce a variety of crops. Above graph presents the comparative productivity of major
crops like Rice, Wheat, Maize & Pulses during the period of 2007-2008 to 2008-2009. Based on this, it
emerges that West Champaran produced 534 Kg/Ha rice in year 2007-2008 which increased to
1995Kg/Ha in year 2008-2009. Production of Wheat was 3150 Kg/Ha in year 2007-2008 which decreased
to 2868Kg/Ha in 2008-2009. It is noted that Maize is the one crop which has registered significant
negative growth from 4523 Kg/Ha in year 2007-2008 to 3415Kg/Ha in year 2008-2009. However, the
production of pulses increased from 800 kg/ha to 1225 kg/ha in the same period.
2.8.1.2 Production of fruits in West Champaran
Figure 2-14: Area and production of fruits in District West Champaran (2007-08 to 2008-09)

CITY DEVELOPMENT
A variety of fruits like litch, Mango, Guava and Banana are produced in the district. Above graph gives the
area under fruit cultivation and thetotal production of major fruits in the district from 2007-2008 to 2008-
2009. Based on this, it emerges that West Champaran produced 144643 Tonnes of fruits in 2007-08 and
563236 Tonnes of fruits in 2008-09 . is 14272 Ha in year 2007-2008 which is increased by 164624 Tonnes
in 14569 Ha in year 2008-2009. The land under fruit cultivation was 14272 ha in 2007-08 and 14569 ha
during 2008-09.
2.8.1.3 Production of Vegetables in District West Champaran
Figure 2-15: Area and production of vegetables in District West Champaran (2007-08 to 2008-09)
Source: Economic Survey 2010-11; GoB ; Finance Dept.
Apart from major cereals and pulses, West Champaran also produces a number of vegetable crops.
Above graph shows the production of vegetables in comparison to the area during the period of 2007-
2008 to 2008-2009. Based on this, it emerges that West Champaran district produced 594677 Tonnes of
vegetables 2007-08 cultivated over 33598 Ha in year 2007-2008 which decreased to 563236 Tonnes in
33624 Ha in year 2008-2009.
2.8.1.4 Livestock wealth in West Champaran in year 2003

Figure 2-16: Details of Livestock in District West Champaran (2003)

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Besides agriculture, livestock and dairy is one of the most significant sectors for rural livelihood and
employment opportunities. This sector holds an important position in the state’s economy. According to
livestock census of 2003 reveals that there were 427500 Cows and 222300 Buffaloes in the district. The
development of livestock wealth and higher production from this sector would go a long way in providing
a sound base for economic prosperity of district West Champaran.
2.8.1.5 Production of Sugarcane in District west Champaran in Year 2009-2010

Table 2-17: Area, production and productivity of sugarcane in District West Champaran (2009-10)
District West Champaran: Area , Production and Productivity of Sugarcane (2009-10)
Area (ha) Production (tonne) Productivity (tonne/ha)
118370 6533193 55
Source: Economic Survey 2010-11; GoB; Finance Dept.
In terms of area, production and productivity, District West Champaran was on top in year 2009-2010.
There is enormous scope for sugarcane cultivation in the district. Therefore, the state Government has
decided to encourage sugarcane based industries in the state. In sugarcane production, District West
Champaran is top most among all districts in the state.
Above table presents the production of Sugarcane during the period of 2009-2010. Based on this, it
emerges that West Champaran District presently produces Sugarcane 6533193 Tonnes, area under
sugarcane cultivation is 118370 Ha and the productivity is 55 Tonnes/Ha. With a view towards attracting
investors in sugar industries, the state government has declared a scheme in January, 2006 later revised
in September 2006, under which various concessions and subsidies have been provisioned.
2.8.1.6 Production of Fish and fish seeds in West Champaran in Year 2009-2010
Table 2-18: Production of fish and fish seeds in District West Champaran (2009-10)
District West Champaran Production of Fish and fish seeds for the year 2009-10
Fish Production ('000 Tonne) 14.3
Fish Seeds (Lakh) 232
District West Champaran is 4th in fish and fish seeds production among all districts in the state. West
Champaran district produces 14000 Tonnes of fish, whereas production of Fish Seeds is 232 Lakh in the
year 2009-2010. The state government has taken several steps for the development of fisheries sector in
general and for the betterment of fish farmers in particular. Provision of better credit facilities and
extension of services in the form of education and training to fish farmers have been important
landmarks for the development of the sector.
2.8.1.7 Tourist in flow in West Champaran
Bettiah city is the tourist transit point for the tourists going to Valmikinagar tiger reserve forest/Raxaul
and Kathmandu. Average no. of Foreign tourists from year 2003-2009 is 4000 per annum and on the
other hand average no. of domestic tourists from 2003-2009 is 114000 per annum. The district has
immense potential for development of tourism, and the state government is now determined to utilize it

CITY DEVELOPMENT
to the optimum. The department of tourism has undertaken various schemes to develop tourism in the
state as well as district West Champaran and has approved plan budget for the development.
The commonly available minerals in Bettiah are Bricks, Stone and Sand. There are many Brick kilns in the
region.
Table 2-19: Tourist inflow in West Champaran (2003-2009)
Tourist in flow in Region, especially Raxaul
Average Number of Foreign Tourist from 2003 to 2009 4,000
Average Number of Domestic Tourist from 2003 to 2009 1,14,000
2.8.2 Economic profile – City Level

2.8.2.1 Work Force Participation Rate
Bettiah Municipal Council has low work force participation rate of 24%, as compared to the National,
State and District averages.
Table 2-9 Comparative Urban Work Force Participation Rate, 2001
PARTICULARS TOTAL WORKERS MALE WORKERS FEMALE WORKERS WFPR (%)
Urban India 92,278,654 76,175,323 16,103,331 32%
Bihar 2,222,037 1,938,181 283,856 26%
West Champaran District 87,556 73,799 13,757 28%
Bettiah Municipal Council 28,046 25,017 3,029 24%
Source: Census of India, 2001
Figure 2-20: Comparative Urban Work Force Participation Rate, 2001
Figure 2-21: Comparative % of male and female WFPR
Comparative % of Male and Female WFPR Female Workers %

120 Male Workers %
100 11
24 13 16
80
60
40 76 87 84 89
20
0
Urban India Bihar West Bettiah
Champaran Municipal
District Council

CITY DEVELOPMENT
2.8.2.2 Dependency Ratio
BMC has higher dependent population as

compared to National, State and district level
averages. Females constitute higher
proportion of dependent population of more
than 50% of the total non-worker population.
Figure 2-22: Industrial units functioning in Bettiah

Table 2-10 Comparative Non-Worker Urban Population
TOTAL NON WORKER POPULATION % OF NON
PARTICULARS
POPULATION Total Males Females WORKERS
India 28,61,19,689 19,38,41,035 7,43,78,775 11,94,62,260 68%
Bihar 1,59,67,145 1,10,73,852 44,24,107 66,49,745 69%
West Champaran District 30,43,466 18,89,428 7,86,866 11,02,562 62%
BMC 116670 88624 36736 51888 76%
2.8.2.3 Workforce Distribution
Work force distribution indicates the economic base of the city. Majority of the workers are engaged in
tertiary activities such as trade & commerce. As per Census of India 2001, there are a total of 28,046
workers in the city of which 24,660 are main workers while 3,886 are marginal workers. The figure below
shows the main workforce distribution in the city.
Figure 2-23: BMC area work force distribution
2.8.2.4 Industrial Scenario

Some agro-based industries have flourished here and are being run successfully. As mentioned
previously, sugar mills are established at Majhaulia, Ramnagar, Narkatiaganj, Bagaha, Chanpatia and
Lauria. The last three units are closed at present. Some rice mills are also being run successfully. Cottage
industries are also popular. The key industrial factories in Bettiah are Kattha factory, Metal ware, TMT

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Iron rods factory and Aluminium utensils manufacturing unit and sugar industries. There are some small
scale units which manufacture paper, plywood, wooden items.
Table 2-11 Industrial units functioning in Bettiah
Sl. No. Types of industrial units Numbers
1. Sugar Industries 3
2. TMT Iron Rod Industries 1
3. Kattha Factory 1
4. Aluminum utensils manufacturing unit 2
5. Cottage Industries 6
Total 13
Source: BIADA, Bettiah
2.8.2.5 Trade & Commerce
The rich forests of the district have opened the doors for a flourishing trade in timber. The district
borders Nepal on the north over a long stretch of land. There are some road routes which connect the
district with Nepal. Thus, a good bulk of the Indo-Nepal trade is carried on through the district. Nepalese
rice, timber and spices are imported into India while textiles and petroleum products are exported into
Nepal. The chief trade centres are Bagaha, Bettiah, Chanpatia and Narkatiaganj.
Commercial activity has mushroomed on the both sides of the following roads in Bettiah,
 Lal Bazaar
 Meena Bazaar
 Bazaar Smmiti
 Naya Bazaar
The area under the existing trade and commercial use are not adequate to meet the present needs of
people which are manifested in the form of heavy congestion in the commercial centres. There is an
acute need for proper planning of the existing commercial areas, specifically the wholesale markets in
terms of safe parking and traffic management. Some of the problems and issues associated with the
trading and commercial areas are listed below.
 Parking problem especially in the commercial area.
 Encroachment of roads.
 No sewerage system.
 Sanitation and drainage issues.
 Water logging during rains and poor drainage system.
 No street lighting.
 Need for revival of Sugar Industries in the region.
 Absence of Solid Waste Management system
 Solid Waste Management system needs to be improved.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Road side parking in Meena Bazaar
2.8.2.6 Informal Activities
Informal activities form an

important part of the economic
fabric of the city. It is not just a
major source of employment but
also provides affordable services to
the majority of the urban
population. Street vendors are an
integral part of Bettiah like any
other medium sized town.
The activities are mostly located
strategically near work centres,
commercial areas, outside schools
and colleges, religious places,
Figure 2-24 Informal Sector in Bettiah
tourist places, hospitals and
transport nodes and near housing colonies. Street vendors may be stationary by occupying space on the
pavements or other public/ private areas, or may be mobile in the sense that they move from place to
place carrying their wares on push carts, cycles or baskets on their heads.
The total number of vendors in Bettiah is approximately 5067 as per the primary survey conducted by
VSPL Team. The percentage of static vendors is 85.9% and that of mobile vendors, who carry their items
on head, by cycles and thelas (push carts), is 14.1%. Street vendors are engaged in vegetable vending,
fruit vending, selling non-vegetarian items, readymade clothes and food items. A large number of
vendors are also engaged in trade of miscellaneous items like toys, leather goods etc. and many of them
are self-employed as cobblers, porters, barbers etc.
Table 2-12 Number of Vendors in Bettiah
Total Static Vendors Total mobile Vendors Total Vendors in Bettiah
5067 832 5899
Source: NIDAN

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Informal activity in Meena Bazaar
Informal activity at Katchari road
Rice and sugarcane are the main crops of the district. Maize is the next important crop of the district.
Wheat is also grown in some parts of the district. Sugarcane, Potato and Barley are some of the non-
cereal crops grown. There is one cold storage & one wholesale market in the town.
Cold storage along the National Highway Wholesale Market

CITY DEVELOPMENT
2.8.2.7 Issues & Potentials
S. No Sector Issues Potential
1 Employment  WFPR is lower than that of National,  Employment opportunities can be

Scenario State and District WFPR. provided in the following sectors:
 High Dependency ratio.  HH industries
 Most of the people are involved in  Cottage industries like making of
tertiary activities, mainly business and Jaggery (gur), Basket, Rope, Mat
govt. services. weaving etc
 Town is famous for sugarcane
production, sugar mills should be
promoted to higher scale.
 Promoting tourism in town can
provide economic opportunities
to the local people.
2 Industrial  Town is lagging behind in this sector  Govt. policies and incentives are
Scenario due to power cuts and lack of now being prepared.
security.  Revival of all sick industries.
 Most of the industrial units are either  Good potential of agro-based
closed or sick. industries mainly food processing
 No marketing facilities for the units, distilleries, products of
manufactured products. sugarcane, etc.
 Lack of infrastructure is also a hurdle  Development of horticulture and
to development of industries. floriculture.
3 Trade &  No organized market for trading.  Scope of tapping international

Commerce  Lots of informal activities and small goods cargo as NH 28B passes
shops along the roadside through town and upgrading
(encroached). existing non-functioning air strip.
 Lal bazaar, Meena bazaar and Naya  Development as regional market
bazaar act as CBD but are over centre or as a main commercial
congested leading to traffic hub in entire Northern Bihar.
management problems.  Decentralize and develop an
 The CBD areas have no provision of organized commercial space in
any community facilities. the town.
 Lack of parking spaces for commuters  Development of policies for
coming to market. Informal vendors and provision
 No organized space for Informal of Informal vending spaces.
markets and vendors.
2.9 Land use

The study of the land use would enable us to understand the existing development of the city and the
direction of its future growth and development. This section explores the changing pattern of land use
over time. A change in land use is inevitable over time. It reflects the needs and demands of the residents
of the city.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Bettiah Municipal Council – Existing Land Use
2.9.1 Existing Land use

The total area under Bettiah Municipal Council (BMC) covers 801 hectares (8.01 Km2). The table below
highlights the existing land use pattern of the Municipal area.
Table 2-13 Existing Land use Distribution, 2007
Comparison with UDPFI

Land use Area (Ha) in 2007 % Distribution UDPFI Guidelines
standard
Residential 528.352 66 45%-50% High
Commercial 8.612 1 2%-3% low
Industrial 24.005 3 8%-10% Extremely low
Public & Semi- Public 27.04 3 6%-8% Extremely low
Roads/Transport &
71.911 9 10%-12% Low
Communication
Parks/Open Spaces &

88.08 11 12%-14% Low
Recreational Area
Vacant Land 53 7
TOTAL 801 100
Source: Bettiah Municipal Corporation

CITY DEVELOPMENT
The table above shows the land use distribution in Bettiah. The distribution shows that the residential
area contributes to the maximum land use with approximately 66% which is higher than the percentage
provision given in UDPFI Guidelines. This is followed by area under Road and Transportation with 9%,
while land under public and semi public use is 3%, parks and the area under commercial use contributes
to the lowest land use with 11%. Vacant land and water bodies comprise about 7% of the land.
Comparing with UDPFI guidelines the existing land use break up depicts that there is lack of organized
commercial area, industrial facilities and transportation infrastructure indicates lack of secondary and
tertiary activities in the city while the area under uses such as water bodies, agricultural and vacant land
is not properly classified. The city is unplanned and has haphazard and organic growth. Incompatible land
uses are also observed in the existing land use map, which needs to be taken care of in future. Mixed use
is also present.
2.9.2 Spatial Growth Trend

Bettiah town has developed along the National Highway 28B and railway line. The town is surrounded by
commercial development which is mostly informal. The town has grown in the east-west axis between
Chandravat River in south and railway line in north. Fringe area of the town is either agriculture land or
open spaces; however, the core area of the town is highly densified with large number of dwelling units.
Bettiah town has development towards the North-West and South-West side of the town along the
National Highway and State Highway. Most of the population has migrated from neighbouring villages
and has encroached upon various open spaces. The overall development of whole town is very irregular
and unplanned. At present new constructions are in east, north and north-west direction mainly along
the NH, while on the southern part most of the area is lower as compared to northern part.
Figure 2-25 Existing Land Use Distribution in BMC area (2007)
2.9.3 Future Growth Direction

Based on the existing growth trend of population, the future population of BMC is estimated at 190203
(as per VSPL assessment for population projection), for both urban and rural, considering the perspective
year of 2030. This projected population would require additional land for future growth. A future growth
direction has been envisaged based on the existing growth of Bettiah.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Figure 2-26 Spatial growth direction - Bettiah
Source: Google Image 2010 and BMC
The City is growing in all directions, however, it has greater potential to grow towards North, North-East
and East directions for the following reasons:
Ribbon development along National Highway- 28B and State Highway- 54.
Outer Ring Road provides good road connectivity and acts as by-pass.
Mithanpura Industrial Area has also enhanced the growth of city, towards this direction.
The future direction of growth has been envisaged based on the existing growth pattern and the
population projection. The past trends of development show growth in southern direction due to
presence of suitable land. Extension of area based on existing trends has been proposed. The extension is
mainly along the transportation lines. Growth Potential is also towards the north along major transport
routes due to the presence of industrial growth centres.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
The future growth direction has been discussed with respect four aspects that include the existing urban
growth, the transportation lines, BMC land proposals and the proposed economic activities.
Figure 2-27 Potential future growth directions - Bettiah

CITY DEVELOPMENT
3 SECTOR ANALYSIS AND GAP ASSESSMENT
3.1 Water Supply

3.1.1 Source and Availability of water
West Champaran gets its water supply from Gandak River at Valmikinagar, the northern most part of the
district, bordering Nepal.
Ground water is the main source of water supply in the city. Traces of iron and chlorine have been found
in the ground water in some parts of the city. Water is supplied to the town by drawing water through a
number of powered tube wells (TW) as a part of the organised water supply system. Use of hand pumps
by individual houses for supply of water is also prevalent and many households rely on their own hand-
pumps for meeting their domestic water needs.
Water Supply Status in the town – OHTs & Hand pumps
3.1.2 Network Storage

There are four over head tanks (OHTs) which cater to the water storage requirement of the whole town.
It is reported that these are not functioning properly. The OHTs are located in different wards so as to
serve the whole city. There location and capacities are mentioned in the table below:
Table 3-1 Location & Capacity of OHTs
SN Name Location Capacity
PHED, Near Power House Chowk,

1 Bettiah - I 50,000 Gallon
Ward 33

CITY DEVELOPMENT
SN Name Location Capacity
2 Betiah - II Raj Kutchari, Ward 14 50,000 Gallon
Direct supply, attached with

3 Betiah - III Raj Deorhi, Ward 14
Betiah - II
4 Betiah - IV Sant Ghat Direct supply

Source: BMC
The OHT located in ward number 33 is having the storage capacity of 50000 gallons. The
There are 6 pumping stations for distribution of water supply. These are located at:
1. Sant Ghat
2. PHD colony
3. MJK Hospital
4. Raj Devri
5. Bazaar Samiti
6. Officer Colony
Each pumping station has a capacity of 45-72 horsepower (h.p.) i.e. 40000 gallon per hour. Actual supply
of water depends on the availability of electricity. Bettiah gets 3,120,000 gallons of water supply
(estimated on avg. 13 hours availability of electricity). Reportedly, 80% of the total population are served
by the piped water supply system, while the remaining 20% depend on other sources like hand pumps,
wells and tube wells. Currently there are 39 tube wells and 156 hand pumps to cover the shortfall in
supply.
3.1.3 Water Quality

No data was available with the local authorities regarding quality of ground water being supplied in
Bettiah town. After discussions with the local officials it is understood that no test report is available to
assess the raw ground water quality.
In order to have a minimum water quality standard, the following physical, chemical and bacteriological
parameters are required to be tested and analysed for the raw water obtained from the tube wells.
 Physical Parameters Turbidity, Colour, Taste and Odour.
 Chemical Parameters pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Alkalinity,
Mercury and Pesticides Hardness, Iron,
Fluorides, Arsenic, Lead
 Bacteriological Parameters Faecal Coliform Bacteria

CITY DEVELOPMENT
3.1.4 Water Treatment Facilities

As mentioned in the preceding sections, ground water is the source of supply in the town and no data is
available for water quality. Normally conventional treatment of ground water is not required except
Chlorination, unless the ground water contains elements like iron, arsenic, fluorides etc. If on testing the
ground water, any of these elements are found to exist beyond permissible limits; in that case special
treatment units shall be required for removal of these elements.
3.1.5 Current Situation Analysis & comparison with Benchmark

It is found that the existing service level for water supply is below the normative standard. The existing
system is characterised by poor service coverage, intermittent supply of water, unreliable quality, high
water losses (UfW) and lack of cost recovery. The table below gives a summary of the existing situation of
water supply with the recommended norms.
Figure 3-1 Comparison of existing situation with benchmark
Source: SPUR, Bihar (2011)
3.1.6 Projected Water Demand

As per Census 2011, the population within the BMC area is 132,896. This is projected to increase to 1.9
lakhs by the year 2030. The projected water requirement for the perspective year is worked out based on
135 LPCD of national standard including Domestic use, Industrial use & Fire fighting use in the Bettiah
Municipal Council area.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Table 3-2 Projected Water Requirement of BMC for 2020 and 2030
Year Population Water Requirement BMC area (MLD)
2020 159,311 23.8

2030 190,203 28.0
Source: VSPL
3.1.7 Gap Assessment and Future requirement

 Estimated Water demand in year 2030 = 28 MLD
 Total water demand Existing (2011) = 18 MLD
 Total water supply (2011)= 14 MLD
 Gap in 2030 = 14 MLD
3.1.8 Strategies for Development

It is proposed to provide 100% coverage of piped water supply in the town. It is envisaged that after
implementation of the proposed water supply project, the rate of supply shall increase to 135 LPCD for
the entire Municipal area.
Installation of metering system: The BMC should encourage the consumer to take metered connections
and existing consumers having unmetered water connections should be encouraged to install water
meters. The connection cost and tedious documentation process are acting as entry barriers, especially
for the poor. The enhancement in treatment facilities and storage facilities should also be done in phases.
Short Term Strategy for BMC

1. 100% municipal water supply coverage in the town.
2. Construct water treatment plant for proper treatment of water as per norms.
3. Identify the water resources for the future.
4. Replacement or repair of the old/defunct system.
5. Streamlining of household connections as well as legalized connections.
6. Implementation of 100% consumer metering system.
7. Awareness program for optimization of water use, recycling and recharging.
8. Tariff planning to make provision and maintenance of water supply financially sustainable.
9. Use of recycled water for meeting horticulture and cooling demands.
10. Detailed Operation & Maintenance programme.
Proposed water supply goals and improvement targets

Considering the challenges related to water supply in the city, the following goals and targets for each
year till 2015-16 have been set which aim increase the water supply coverage and access to piped water
supply in Bettiah to 100% by year 2015-16, thereby providing universal coverage of water supply of
reliable quality.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Table 3-3 Water Supply Improvement Targets till 2015-16

Year
Bench
Indicator Unit 2010-11 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015-
mark
(current) 12 13 14 15 16
Coverage of water supply

100 % 2.24 35 70 100 100 100
connections
LPC
Per capita supply of water 135 14 35 65 85 110 135
D
Extent of metering of water

100 % 0 30 60 90 100 100
connections
Extent of non-revenue water 20 % 50 40 30 20 20 20
Continuity of water supply 24 hr. 2 8 14 20 24 24
Quality of water supplied 100 % 80 90 100 100 100 100

80 % 50 70 80 80 80 80
complaints
Cost recovery in water supply

100 % 30 50 70 90 100 100
services
Efficiency in collection of water

90 % 30 50 70 80 90 90
supply related charges
Source: SPUR, Bihar (2011) and VSPL Estimation based on Stake Holder Consultation
3.2 Sewerage System & Sanitation

3.2.1 Existing Sewerage/ Sanitation System
At present Bettiah does not have an organised sewerage system catering to the collection, conveyance
and disposal of sewage in the town. Many houses are equipped with their own septic tanks to handle
domestic sewage. The other commonly prevalent practice is that the sewage from the houses is
discharged into the roadside storm water drains through informal connections made by the residents.
Thus, it is seen that in the absence of a proper sewerage system the storm drains also carry the sewage.
Most of these drains are open, as a result of which indiscriminate dumping of solid waste also takes
place. This results in the drains becoming clogged and silted, and thereby affects the flow of the surface
water runoff and sewage from the houses. In general, this leads to unsanitary environmental conditions
in the town on account of poor sanitation.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Choked and uncovered drains along the road and indiscriminate dumping of solid wastes near hand pump
Table 3-4 Type and number of Latrines

Type of Latrine Total Nos.
Pit latrine 2,301
Water closet 9,132
Other latrine 2,770
No latrines 4,129
As per data available from Census 2001, it is seen that 50%

of the houses are equipped with water closets, 15% of the
houses are classified as having “Other latrines”, 13% of the
houses are equipped with pit latrines and 22% of the houses
do not have any latrines and can be presumed that their
occupants resort to open defecation in the absence of
houses sanitation facility.
3.2.2 Public Conveniences & Public Toilets

For public convenience, eight sulabh shauchalaya are
located in the major activity nodes. Locations of community Figure 3-2 Type and number of Latrines
toilets are as below:
1. Collectorate campus
2. Station chowk
3. Bus stand
4. Naya bazaar
5. Meena bazaar
6. Ward 4 & 10
7. Near Satya Narayana pump
8. Naurangabad

CITY DEVELOPMENT
3.2.3 Current Disposal System

There is no organised sewage disposal system in Bettiah. The sewage from the houses is let into the
roadside drains and flows through these open drains which ultimately discharge into Andheri Chunri
River and other water bodies like Sagar Pokhar. There is no form of treatment, before or after the
disposal. A mentioned earlier, many residents are commonly using septic tanks for sewage disposal.

No comparisons with existing norms can be made as the town lacks an organised sewerage system. This
is reflected in the figure below. There is no organised system for the collection, conveyance, treatment
and disposal of the sewage being generated in the town. In the absence of a sewerage network,
treatment and disposal of sewage are not possible. This results in unsanitary environmental conditions
and consequently adverse impact on the health of the population. As Bettiah continues to grow over the
next two decades, the increased population will result in additional pressure on the urban environment
in the absence of a planned sewerage system, which can cater to the efficient and safe disposal of
sewage in the town.
Source: SPUR, Bihar(2011)
3.2.5 Future Sewage Generation in BMC area

Table 3-5 Projected Sewage Generation of BMC - 2030
Water Requirement BMC
Year Population Sewage Generation (MLD)
area (MLD)
2020 159,311 23.8 19.04
2030 190,203 28.0 22.40
Source: VSPL

CITY DEVELOPMENT
3.2.6 Gap and assessment of future requirement

Present sewerage network gap = 100% of BMC Area
Gap in Treatment Capacity = 100%

Required STP= 1, Future Treatment Capacity Required in 2030 (of STPs) = 28.55 MLD
3.2.7 Strategy for Development

Provision of an efficient sewerage system throughout the city needs to be put in place which can be
ensured by:
 Laying sewerage network to cover the entire city.

 Sewage treatment to be carried out before disposal.
 Provision of adequate public toilet complexes at public places and slums to ensure hygienic
condition and environmental sanitation.
 Recycle & reuse of treated sewage- Tapping of a portion of the sewage generated to be used for
greening of the open areas through Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System (DEWATS).
In order to identify suitable projects for an efficient sewage system for a horizon period of 20 years, the
water demand and sewage generation have been estimated based on the projected population. The
completed, ongoing and proposed projects in the city have been taken into account on the basis of which
the gap has been assessed.
Proposed sewerage goals and improvement targets

The table below clearly shows that the existing service level is below the normative standard. The
following goals and improvement targets for sewerage system have been set till the year 2015-16 as
mentioned below.
Figure 3-4 Conceptual diagram of DEWATS system

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Table 3-6 Sewerage system Improvement Targets till 2015-16

Year
Bench
mark
(current) 12 13 14 15 16
Coverage of toilets 100 % 43.04 55 70 85 100 100
Coverage of sewage network

100 % 0 0 0 35 70 100
services
Collection efficiency of the

100 % 0 0 0 35 70 100
sewage network
Sewage Management
Adequacy of sewage
100 % 0 0 0 35 70 100
treatment capacity
Quality of sewage treatment 100 % 0 0 0 35 70 100
Extent of reuse and recycling

20 % 0 0 0 10 20 20
of treated sewage
Efficiency in redressal of
80 % 0 20 40 60 80 80
customer complaints
Extent of cost recovery in

100 % 0 0 20 40 80 100
sewage management
Efficiency in collection of
90 % 0 0 20 40 65 90
sewage charges
3.3 Storm Water Drainage

3.3.1 Existing System
Bettiah town is relatively flat and the natural slope is about 4.5 to 5.5 feet to a mile. The drainage
structures in Bettiah were originally constructed by Public Works Department (PWD). There exists limited
drainage system in the town which serves part of the town. The existing drainage system consists of one
main drain in which all branch drains discharge. The total length of drains in the town is approximately 22
Km of which all are open drains. This partial drainage network is not functioning properly. The table
below gives the details of the main and branch drains in the town.
Table 3-7 Hierarchy of drains

Hierarchy of Drains Length (in km)
Main drain 4.5
Branch drain 17.5
Total 22
Source: BMC

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Present condition of these drains is very poor, mainly due to the following reasons:
 Most stretches of the drains are unlined and uncovered. This results in soil erosion from the sides
leading to siltation of the drains as a result of which the drains get choked.
 There is no separate system for sewage flow

Figure 3-5 Conditions of drains
and rain water flow which resulted in discharge
of domestic sewage into the storm drains which
also results in overflow of the drains during the
rainy season.
 Storm water drains are also commonly used as

receptacles for solid waste disposal.
Accumulated solid waste is regularly thrown
into the drains which choke the drains and
prevent them from carrying the surface water runoff during the rains.
 Lack of proper maintenance; indiscriminate dumping of solid waste and sewage necessitates
frequent cleaning of the drains which is not done.
Main drain (kutcha) Branch drain (kutcha)

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Figure 3-6 Drainage pattern of Bettiah town

Comparative analysis of the current situation of storm water drainage reveals that coverage of drainage
network is only 30% in Bettiah as opposed to recommended 100%. This partial coverage is also rendered
ineffective due to disposal of sewage and solid waste into the drains. As a result, conditions of water
logging and flooding are existent in the town.
Source: SPUR, Bihar(2011)
3.3.3 Strategies for Development

It is proposed to provide 100% coverage of storm drainage network for collection for surface water run-
off in the BMC area. The BMC should encourage hygienic conditions in the city, especially to the urban
poor. Disposal of sewage and domestic waste into drains should be minimized.
Present Network = 22 km
Present Demand = 140 Km

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Present Gap = 118 km
Future Requirement 2030 = 292 km
Short Term Strategy for BMC
1. Design storm water drainage system covering the entire city.

2. Channelization of flow, to minimize localized flooding.
3. De-silting of all major drains.
4. Providing drainage in flood prone areas.
5. Providing drainage system along all roads.
6. Educating people for minimization of sewage and domestic waste discharge into storm drains.
7. Provision of rainwater harvesting pits for all upcoming areas.
8. Detailed Operation and Maintenance Programme.
3.3.4 Proposed storm water drainage goals and improvement targets

The table below clearly shows that the existing service level is below the normative standard. It is
proposed to equip the town with a well planned and efficient storm water drainage system and increase
coverage of the said drainage network to 100% by 2015-16. For year-wise details of the proposed
improvement targets refer table below.
Year
Indicator Benchmark Unit 2010-11
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
(current)
Coverage of
storm water 100 % 30 45 60 75 100 100
drainage network
Incidence of
water logging & 0 No. 1 0 0 0 0 0
flooding
3.4 Urban Roads, Traffic and Transport Network

3.4.1 Existing Situation
The adequacy and quality of road infrastructure greatly influence the availability of transport in any
region. West Champaran district has well developed means of transportation with a good network of
railways and roads. All the block headquarters are linked with the district headquarters, Bettiah by pucca
roads. Bettiah is connected by NH-28 B & SH-64 which passes through the city.
As per data available from Census 2001, the total road network of Bettiah town is approximately 70 km
long; this is managed by different departments i.e. Bettiah Municipal Council (BMC), PWD and NHAI.
There are 30 Km of pucca roads whereas 40 Km considers are kutcha road road in Bettiah Municipal
Council.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Table 3-8 Condition of roads in Bettiah town as per Census, 2001

Condition of roads Length (in km)
Pucca Road 30
Kutcha Road 40
Total 70
Table 3-9 Condition of roads in Bettiah town as per BMC

Condition of roads Length (in km)
Metalled Road 11
Non metalled Road 7
Others 52
Total 70
Source: BMC, 2010
As per BMC, of the total 70km road network length

in the town, 16% consist of metalled roads, 10%
consist of non-metalled roads while as high as 74%
consist of “Others”. The major roads within the city
limits include Tin Lantern Chowk, Dwar Devi Chowk,
Station Road, Harivatika Chowk, Chavani road,
Najani Chowk, Kotwali Chowk, Naya Bazaar Road.
Figure 3-9 Classification of existing road length
Sant Kabir Chowk Mahatma Gandhi Chowk

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Congested roads are observed at Meena Bazaar, Lal Bazaar, Bazaar Samiti and Naya Bazaar in the town.
Figure 3-10 Road Network Map of Bettiah
3.4.2 Public Transport

The public transport available within the city includes privately operated buses, mini buses, cycle
rickshaw and tongas. Of this, cycle rickshaws and Tongas are the predominant mode of transport within
the town. These are typically slow moving and take up a sizable share of the road space. There is one bus
terminal in the town which is encroached by hawkers and informal activities. Besides, there are privately
operated buses for inner and outer city connectivity.
Rickshaw and Tonga Stand at Railway Station Tonga Stand at Meena Bazaar

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Tonga & cycle rickshaw Mode of public transport Regular Jam in Lal Bazaar
Table 3-10 Registered vehicles in the district
Two wheeler Four Wheeler

Year
Motor Cycle Scooter Auto Car Bus M. Bus Truck LCV
2005-06 2852 72 9 25 1 1 8 12
2006-07 4412 36 7 43 2 3 41 24
2007-08 5673 33 13 26 3 6 32 40
2008-09 8368 40 29 36 4 3 28 17
2009-10 13149 39 71 22 1 12 23 14
Apr-Dec 2010 7830 22 102 32 2 8 6 31

Source: RTO, 2010, Bettiah
From data available from the regional transport office, Bettiah, it is seen that the number of vehicle
registrations is seeing a marked uptrend for the period 2005-06 to 2009-2010. The number of registered
vehicles in the district increased to almost double in the year 2009-10 from the preceding year. This
change is mostly on account of the increase in motor cycles and autos. Motor cycles are the most
prominent mode of transport used by the local people. Whereas the high number of auto-rickshaw
registration reveals that there is a rising demand for public transport in the town which is being met by
these IPT modes. Vehicles plying on the roads are increasing yearly and the existing road network is
unable to sustain the growth of vehicles. Congestion and traffic jams at major intersections have become
a characteristic of the city.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
National Highway- 28-B Road Connecting Areraj
3.4.3 Existing Institutional Arrangement for transportation in Bettiah

In BMC, organizations like Municipal Councils, NHAI, PWD, State Highways, Indian Railways, Interstate
bus operators, private bus operators, etc are involved in planning and operation of the traffic and
transportation systems.
3.4.4 Mode of Travel

The absence of public transportation system has
resulted in the growth of IPT modes such as
auto-rickshaws, tongas, mini-buses etc as well
as increase in number of personal motorized
transport.
It was observed that most roads in the city area

do not have footpaths for pedestrian traffic.
This has resulted in pedestrians having to use
the existing roadway thus disrupting the flow of
traffic and also increasing the risk of human
fatalities due to road accidents.
3.4.5 Terminals
Bus Terminals
There is one private bus stand in the eastern part of the city. It is spread over 4-5 acres of land. At
present around 5 government buses and 200 privately operated buses ply on the road daily. All bus
services are for inter-city connectivity which connects Bettiah to Motihari, Muzaffarpur, Patna, Areraj,
Darbhanga, Raxual, Valmiki Nagar and Gopalganj and other parts of the state. There is no provision of
basic infrastructure for the passengers as well as bus operating staff. Parts of the bus stand are
encroached by informal activities and temporary structures. At present one community toilet is under
construction on the premises.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Conditions of bus stand Informal activities in bus stand
Temporary structures in bus stand premises Sulabh Shauchalaya under construction
Railway Stations
Bettiah is an important railway station in the region which is linked to Hajipur, Darbhanga and East
Champaran & Bhikna Thori on the Indo-Nepal Border. Bettiah falls in Motihari –Muzaffarpur railway
route and is well connected with Gorakhpur, Lucknow, Bandra, Delhi, Kolkata, Porbandar & Amritsar. The
construction of Chhitauni Rail Bridge has resulted in a direct link to the district. Another line runs from
Bettiah to Narkatiaganj and Bairgania via Raxaul.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Bettiah Railway Station
Airport
Bettiah has an airstrip located in the eastern part of the city in the fringe area. It is not a commercial
airport but only small airplanes had facility for landing during emergencies. This airstrip is now closed and
most of the land belonging to the airstrip is encroached by dwellers and converted into playground and
informal activity area.
Non functioning air strip used as open space for recreational activity
3.4.6 Parking Facilities

There is no organized on-street and off-street marked parking arrangements in any of the major
commercial areas of the city. Most of the core market areas of the city are characterized by narrow roads
with a high proportion of pedestrian and slow moving traffic. The capacity of the roads is further reduced
by vehicles parked on the roadsides. Tongas (Horse Cart) are parked besides the bus stand and railway
station while cycle rickshaws and two wheelers can be found parked in all major intersections of the
town.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Bus Terminal
On-road Parking Area
Figure 3-11 Location of bus terminal and on-road parking areas
On-road parking in commercial area
3.4.7 Potential Projects & future requirements for year 2030

a. Road Network
 Present Road length needing improvement = 52 Km.
 Present Demand = 122 km (Per capita 0.9 Meters Length).
 Present Gap = 52 km.
 New road length requirement for year 2030 (lane Km) = 146 km As per National Standard
Junctions.
 Signalization at all junctions.
 Geometric improvement of rotaries.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
b. Terminals
 Improvement of existing bus terminal
 Construction of Transport Nagar
c. Public Transport System
 Provision of economical, environment friendly and convenient public transport system,
purchase of mini buses for old city routes and standard buses for new city.
d. Pedestrian facilities
 Subways should be there in all major roads and junctions.
3.5 Solid Waste Management

3.5.1 Existing System
Waste is an unwanted material left over from manufacturing process; refuse from places of human and
animal habitation. The primary sources of solid waste generation in Bettiah Municipal area are
households, markets, commercial establishments, hotels, restaurants and hospitals. Solid waste
collection and disposal of the waste in the town is the responsibility of the Municipal Council. Presently,
no organized solid waste management method has been adopted. Most places waste lies on the roadside
or lowlands and segregation is not practiced. There are no designated places for solid waste disposal.
There is no proper site for dumping.
Improper dumping site of solid waste near residential area
3.5.2 Collection
Door-to-door collection is not practiced in any part of the city and waste is generally dumped along the
roads. There is no provision for segregation of solid waste in the city. The waste dumped on the roadside
is mixed and consists of municipal solid waste, construction and demolition waste, slaughter house
waste, bio-medical waste, electronic waste and sabzi mandi waste along with street sweepings. Primary

CITY DEVELOPMENT
collection of the waste from the roadside is done by municipal workers equipped with hand trolleys.
About 11700 cft of waste is collected daily from the all collecting points in the Municipal Council Area.
3.5.3 Storage
Storage facilities are inadequate in the municipal area. The waste collected is usually stored in the open.
Waste is dumped generally in open area fenced by the bamboos or other fencing materials. The collected
waste gets accumulated as it is not cleared regularly.
3.5.4 Transportation
Loading and unloading is done manually and waste is transported through open tractors and by tipper.
The municipal solid waste is transported in these uncovered vehicles. This causes foul smell, littering of
waste during transportation, unhygienic conditions and air pollution.
However, the city is not properly equipped with solid waste handling or transportation equipments. The
existing number of vehicles with BMC is listed below.
Table 3-11 Types of Vehicles for SWM in Bettiah
Sl. No. Types of Vehicles Number
1 Hand trolleys 117
2 Tractors 3
3 Tipper 1
Source: BMC
3.5.5 Disposal
There is no designated disposal site existing in Bettiah town. In the absence of any sanitary landfill for
scientific disposal, waste generated in the town is presently disposed in different dumping sites, located
in low lying areas. At present wastes are dumped at 4 sites namely Chiliya compound having area of
about 7-8 bigha, Nagar Parishad compound, Nagar Parishad Area and near Sant Paawan Math. In present
practice only crude dumping takes place with no treatment.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
3.5.6 Key Issues

In absence of primary collection, solid waste is dumped on the streets, lanes or backside of
houses and vacant plots
Segregation of waste is not carried out
Unlined and open garbage dumping sites
There is no scientific method for waste disposal is being followed in the town
No provision for disposal of hazardous waste
3.5.7 Projected waste generation and gap assessment

Table 3-12 Projected waste generated
Year Quantity (Ton)
2020 39.80
2030 47.60
Source: VSPL
Total waste generated from urban area = 34 Tonne/day

Waste collected and disposed 11700 CFT- /day
Gap = 32 Metric Tonne/day waste is not collected
Future Generation (2030) =47.60 Tonne/Day (assuming 250g / Day as per UDPFI Guide lines)
3.5.8 Proposed solid waste management goals and improvement targets

Based on the standard @ 250 grams per person per day solid waste generation, the current (2011)
generation of waste works out to around 34 T/per day. The collection efficiency is low being only 50%.
Manual loading and unloading is practiced by the Municipality. The waste collected is disposed off at four
sites identified in the city.
It is expected that the total load of waste by 2030 will be around 48.00 T.
Table 3-13 Proposed improvement targets for solid waste management till 2015-16
Year
Benchm
Indicator Unit 2010-11 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015-
ark
(current) 12 13 14 15 16
Household level coverage of solid waste
100 % 0 20 40 60 80 100
management services
Efficiency of collection of municipal solid
100 % 50 65 80 100 100 100
waste

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Year
Benchm
Indicator Unit 2010-11 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015-
ark
(current) 12 13 14 15 16
Extent of segregation of municipal waste 100 % 0 15 40 65 100 100
Extent of municipal solid waste
80 % 0 0 20 40 60 80
recovered
Extent of scientific disposal of municipal
100 % 0 0 0 50 100 100
solid waste
80 % 50 65 80 80 80 80
complaints
Extent of cost recovery in SWM services 100 % 0 20 40 60 80 100
Efficiency in collection of SWM charges 90 % 0 30 60 90 90 90
3.6 Street Lighting

3.6.1 Existing Situation
There is no concept of street lighting in the town. In terms of
street lights, there are total 4-5 sodium vapour lamps which
are installed in the major intersections of the city. BMC is
responsible for installation, replacement, repairs, operation
and maintenance of streetlights in the city.
3.6.2 Gaps and future requirement assessment

Present Number of Street Lights = nil
Present Demand= 1733
Present Gap= 1733
3.7 SWOT Analysis
Sector Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
 Adequate water  Irregularity in electricity  Good scope for  BMC unable

Water
sources are supply cause insufficient recycling of water to increase
Supply available to pumping of water. in the city. water taxes
meet future  Detailed layout  Good water as people
demand e.g. drawings of water harvesting are not even
Chandarat supply distribution lines potential due to willing to
River, Kodhda are not available, favourable pay existing
River as well as making future planning topography in the tariff due to
abundant water difficult. watershed. poor

CITY DEVELOPMENT
bodies in and financial

 Lack of piped supply in
outside the condition.
municipal area the city.
 Ground water is  Absence of metered
also available in connections.
plenty and is  Lack of awareness for
also of good judicious use of water,
quality. recycling and recharging
to prevent water loss.
 Main drains  Main drain discharges to  Making Rainwater  No fixed
Drainage
flow through open area also, as seen harvesting in growth
the middle of in ward 31 & 32. Commercial, pattern of
the town i.e.  Encroachment along the Industrial and city so far,
ward no. 1, 3, all major nallahs. residential plots hence,
13, 20, 24, 33,  Reduction in capacity of mandatory. developmen
35, 36 and existing drains due to  Scope for t of drainage
drains out in dumping of solid waste development of network for
Andheri Chunri and street sweepings. good drainage future
River.  All the drains are kutcha system. requirement
and have improper has to be
lining. done very
 Encroachment of drains carefully.
by temporary structures  Encroachme
or informal shops. nt on major
 Connectivity between nallahs.
primary and secondary  Seasonal
drains is not complete. flood may
 Detailed layout fail the
drawings of drainage drainage
network are not system.
available, making future
planning difficult.
 No sewerage system in  Good possibility of
Sewerage  Floods may
the town. introduction of
and  Lack of awareness in the small diameter choke the
sanitation people regarding gravity sewer sewer
sanitation. system as pilot system.
 22% of people have no project.
facility of toilets.  Topography
 Lack of community of the town
toilets, especially for may pose
females. challenges
 Existing community
for the
toilets are dilapidated.
planning of
the network.
 Enough  Lack of primary  Good possibility of

Solid Waste
biodegradable collection of domestic success of PPP
Manageme part in solid solid waste from projects in waste
nt waste for households and small management.
Vermi- commercial  Good potential for

CITY DEVELOPMENT
composting and establishments. waste recycling

WTE.  Lack of segregation of esp. plastic waste,
 Landfill site solid waste. glass, metal etc.
available to  No efficient disposal of  Good potential for
BMC. hazardous solid waste. waste to energy
 Most of the vehicles for conversion
solid waste collection & considering waste
transportation are not composition.
functional.  Good scope for
 The vehicles for training and
collection of solid waste capacity building.
are open.
 Random dumping
practice of the waste.
 Plastic bags are a
menace in the city.
 Bettiah is well  Shortage of road length.  Good connectivity  Migration
Urban
connected to  Encroachments on in peripheral areas from
Transport major towns in roads & pavements esp. will help in surrounding
the region, and in old city. inducing growth in hinterland is
Nepal.  Most of the existing outer areas for also
 Bettiah has roads are in poor decongesting the expected in
good road condition. old city. view of
network  Roads are narrow in  Revenue base of improved
covering all comparison to number Municipality can infrastructur
parts of city, of vehicles plying on be boosted e and
however, them in all major nodes significantly by security in
encroachment of the town. construction of outer areas.
of roads in city  Informal establishment paid parkings and This may
have reduced along roads reduces the declaration of result in
road widths. effective width of the some roads as overburden
carriageway for paid street parking on planned
vehicular movement. zones. infrastructur
 On street parking is  Good opportunity e.
common in city. for development of  Number of
 No parking facilities in pedestrian system intersection
entire town. in core congested s in city have
 Lack of pedestrian area with the poor
facilities. concept of walking geometrics.
 Tangas and cycle town.  Present on
rickshaws are the major  Good potential for street
form of public transport introduction of parking
in the city, with slow environmental practice has
traffic movement. friendly cleaner reduced
 Lack of state of art fuels like CNG. effective
Traffic Management  Good potential for width of
Infrastructure like CCTV introduction of road
Cameras, Vehicles, solar signals for carriageway
Automated Signals etc. traffic s.
 No signages and management.
signalized intersection in  Good opportunity
the town. for encouraging

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 Untrained traffic police people for using

and home guards for non polluting
traffic management. modes like cycles
 Less coverage of street for short trips by
lighting. developing
strategic corridors
of footpaths.

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4 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
4.1 Healthcare facilities

Bettiah has some health facilities including hospitals, polyclinic, nursing homes and dispensaries. There is
only one Government hospital which is also the Medical College, which is not running properly & doesn’t
have essential facilities for the patients. Besides, there are more than 200 private dispensaries also
operational, scattered throughout the city.
Table 4-1 Existing healthcare facilities in Bettiah
PRESENT STATUS
S. No POPULATION
Intermediate Hospital (200 Beds) 1

1
2 Poly-clinic 18
3 Nursing Home 25
4 Dispensary 30
Source: BMC
Govt. Hospital & Medical College Shivam Nursing Home
4.1.1 Gap Assessment

Based on the UDPFI guidelines, the demand and gap analysis for health facility in the city has been
assessed. The table below shows that there are numerous health facilities in the city, which shows that
there is no specific demand or gap by year 2030 except for Intermediate Hospital. The present
requirement would be for maintenance and up gradation of the existing facilities.

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Table 4-2 Gap analysis for Health facilities
REQUIREMENT GAP
2020 2030 PRESENT 2020 2030
S. No POPULATION
STATUS
MEDICAL FACILTIES
1 Intermediate Hospital (200 Beds) 2 2 1 1 1
2 Poly-clinic 2 2 18 0 0
3 Nursing Home 2 3 25 0 0
4 Dispensary 11 13 30 0 0
Source: VSPL
4.2 Educational facilities

Education is a very important input in any development plan since the potential of a town to grow and
act as a vibrant urban centre depends to a large extent on the levels of education and quality of the
educational facilities that are being provided to the inhabitants of the city. It is all the more important for
the state like Bihar, since literacy level of the state is lowest in the country.
Bettiah has few educational institutions. There are 4 degree colleges in the town - Maharani Janaki
Kanwar Degree College, Women’s College, Gulab Memorial College and Ram Lakhan Singh Degree
College. There are 7 senior secondary school and 35 to 40 secondary & primary school in the town.
Table 4-3 Existing education facilities in Bettiah
Education facilities Existing numbers
Degree colleges 3
Polytechnic college 1
Senior secondary school 6
Primary schools 28
Source: BMC
4.2.1 Gap Assessment

Based on the data provided by the Municipal Council and then comparing this data with the UDPFI
guidelines, additional requirement by 2030 has been assessed. The requirement for Pre-Primary/ Nursery
and Primary School is 76 each while analyzing with the present status there is a gap of 48 schools which

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will be required by 2030, while the number of integrated school with hostel facility and the colleges are in
existent more than the requirement based on the guidelines, there is no demand & gap.
Table 4-4 Gap analysis for Education facilities
REQUIREMENT GAP
2020 2030 PRESENT 2020 2030
S. No POPULATION
STATUS
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
1 Primary School 64 76 28 36 48
2 Senior Secondary School 21 25 6 15 19
Integrated School with 4 6 4 4

3 0
Hostel Facility
4 College 1 2 3 0 0
Source: VSPL
Vipin High School, Bettiah I.T.I Bettiah
Govt.Middle School, Bettiah Maharani Janki Kanwar Degree College, Bettiah

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4.3 Recreation
Sports are “a way of life”. Parks, open spaces
and green belts are very important parts of
any town. The inner city area is highly
congested and crowded with commercial
structures. The town is extremely deficient in
recreational facilities. There is one stadium,
one park (Sheed Park) and about five Cinema
Halls & One stadium in the city. Maharaja Stadium, Bettiah
Supriya Town Hall (Cinema Hall) closed Cinema Hall
4.4 Other Facilities

There are 2 police stations and 1 fire station in the city. Conditions of these services are insufficient. Fire
station has 3 big and 2 small fire vehicles out of which currently only 1 is working. There is one post office
in the city.
Post office in city Dilapidated Conditions of fire vehicles

CITY DEVELOPMENT
4.5 SWOT Analysis
 Town has all  Absence of good  Good scope of

Education
categories of management bodies. upgrading colleges like
facilities the educational  No recreational facilities MJK College, RLSY
institutes. in the institutions. College and Women’s
 Institutions like  Lack of infrastructure College to higher level.
Shree Krishna (parking lots,  Availability of land in the
Medical College playgrounds, technical institution campus for
and Hospital, equipments, etc.) providing infrastructure.
BRA University  Technical colleges,
and MIT are medical and engineering
very famous in institutions can be
the region. proposed.
 Primary schools
are spread all
over the town.
 1 government  Bad conditions of health

Health
hospital is institutions.
facilities present in the  Poor management.
town.  Low doctor to patient
ratio.
4.6 Development Strategies

• Encourage setting up of higher educational facilities such as professional institutions, high schools,
integrated educational complexes etc.
• Public hygiene and Health Facilities including hospitals, blood banks, nursing homes and other related
established
• Social and Recreational Facilities such as Theaters, community centers, banquet halls, sports stadium,
libraries, etc.
• Developing public parks and gardens, street side plantation, etc.
• Riverfront development including improvement of river ghats
•Development of commercial area such as shopping malls, markets, haat-bazaars, etc. for improving the
quality of life
• Public Amenities such as public toilets, drinking water kiosks, etc.

• Improving urban environment by introducing Street Furniture, landscaping, etc.

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5 HOUSING & SLUMS
5.1 Housing
5.1.1 Housing Stock
This section deals with housing and slums and in Bettiah considering the deficiency in basic services to
poor people. The information is drawn from secondary sources and interactions with stakeholders. It also
reviews past and present programs for service delivery to urban poor in the city. The aim is to identify
key issues in service delivery to the urban poor in Bettiah Municipal Council area and mandate of
providing basic services to the poor in the city. As the city grew, so did the need for housing its growing
population which the formal housing market could not satisfy. As the migrant households were priced
out by the formal housing market, these met their need for shelter by occupying vacant land and this led
to a consequential increase in the slum population. Such migrants due to their low level of income are
unable to afford the pucca houses and end up in occupying vacant government/private land.
Bettiah Municipal Council has an average household size of 6.46 which is higher than the national and
state average of 5.12 and 6.49 respectively.
Table 5-1 Comparative Housing Stock
Particulars Population No. of HH Avg. HH Size
Urban India 286,119,689 55,832,570 5.12
Bihar 8,681,800 1,336,998 6.49
West Champaran District 309,559 49,988 6.19
Bettiah Municipal Council 116,670 18,051 6.46
Figure 5-1 Comparative average household size

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5.1.2 Housing Condition

Housing Condition on the basis of Liveability
The houses in the district and city are categorized into Good3, Liveable4 and Dilapidated5 condition
indicating more than 43% houses in West Champaran district and 51% in the city are in good condition.
Housing condition in Bettiah
Housing Condition on the basis of Structure Condition
60% of the houses in West Champaran District and 74% in Bettiah Municipal Council are permanent
structures. 26% and 14% are categorized as Temporary houses and Semi-Temporary Houses respectively
at the district level while at city level 12% account for temporary and 14% as Semi-Permanent houses.
3
Those houses which do not require any repairs and in good condition may be considered as 'Good' (Census of India)
4
Those houses which require minor repairs may be considered as 'Livable' (Census of India)
5
Those houses which are showing signs of decay or those breaking down and require major repairs or those houses decayed or
ruined and are far from being in conditions that can be restored or repaired may be considered as 'Dilapidated' (Census of India)

CITY DEVELOPMENT
West Champaran
District
Housing Condition
Bettiah Municipal
Council
Figure 5-2 Housing Condition in West Champaran District and Bettiah Municipal Council
Ownership Status
The ownership status at city level is comparable to the urban households at district level. At the district
level 86% of the households are staying in houses which are owned while 10% are rented
accommodations and the remaining 4% are other type of accommodations. Similar trend is observed at
city level with 84% households live in owned houses, 13% rented and remaining 3% account for other
types.
Table 5-2 Comparative Ownership Status of Households in West Champaran District and BMC
Particulars No. of HH % Distribution
West Champaran District –Urban
Owned 43,855 86%
Rented 5,061 10%
Any other 2,069 4%
TOTAL 50,985 100%
Bettiah Municipal Council
Owned 15,301 84%
Rented 2,440 13%
Any other 591 3%
TOTAL 18,332 100%

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Figure 5-3 Ownership Status of Household in BMC
5.1.3 Present & Future Housing Demand

As per Census of India 2001, the housing demand has been estimated taking into account the ideal size of
a household/ dwelling Unit (DU) that is 5. The average household size in all wards is higher than the ideal
household size.
Based on the above assumptions, there is a gap for housing of 5283 houses (Refer Annex 5.1 for details).
This indicates that there is a huge demand for housing. The demand gap for housing is the highest in
Ward No. 25.
Gap Assessment
Present Housing Stock = 18051
Existing Housing Demand (Gap) = 5283
Future requirement of housing in year 2030 = 64975
5.1.4 Issues & Potentials

S. NO ASPECTS ISSUES STRATEGIES & POTENTIAL PROJECTS
1 Housing Stock  Average household size higher than  Construction of 5283 houses with
state and district averages i.e. 6.5. private investment considering
 Housing Demand of more than 5283 demand.
units taking into account ideal HH size
as 5(five).
2 Housing  16% of the households do not own a  16% of the households can be
Ownership house and are thus, living in rented or targeted for sale and marketing of
Status other type of accommodations. properties.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
S. NO ASPECTS ISSUES STRATEGIES & POTENTIAL PROJECTS
3 Housing Supply  The demand for housing is highest in  Re-densification & redevelopment
the core area like ward no. 25. projects can be considered in core
areas.
 HIG, MIG and LIG housing should
be planned considering demand.
4 Infrastructure  Status of physical infrastructure like  Provision of infrastructure in

Provision water supply, sewage and drainage is pockets / areas not covered.
poor in the city.
5.1.5 Slums & Urban Poor

5.1.5.1 Socio- Economic profiling of urban poor
Slums and squatter settlements are essentially products of urban poverty. Almost by definition, the
population living in slums lack access to basic infrastructure services such as safe water, sanitation, solid
waste collection and disposal, drainage, access roads, streetlights, neighbourhood amenities (e.g., safe
play areas for children and community facilities), and electricity. Owing to rapid urbanization in and
around the city, large influx of the migrants has been observed, which has resulted in formation of slums.
The urban poor in Bettiah are mainly the migrants from neighbouring areas. They are mostly labourers
and depend on their daily wage for a living. Some are also engaged in informal trade like vegetable, fruit
or flower vendors, cycle rickshaw pullers etc.
Discussion with officials and stakeholders reveal that the poverty levels are very low and that the only
concern is security of land tenure, quality of housing and access to basic infrastructure. It could be true
that absolute poverty as per the general definition may not exist in some areas, except a small section of
people who lack even housing and other amenities can be categorized as urban poor. But if other
parameters of urban poverty like housing, access to better sanitation facilities and capability to function
in the society are considered, and then almost all slum dwellers can be categorized as urban poor.
Most of the slums have no basic civic amenities like sewerage, drainage, and water supply and sanitation
facilities. Poverty forces people to exploit natural resources and cause various forms of air, water and
land pollution. The poor do not have access to safe drinking water and sanitation. In Bettiah, the slum
population has access to pit latrines which are unhygienic and a breeding ground for several diseases.
The solid waste generated by the families is disposed off in open dumps, which pollutes land and water.
Most of the slum development is observed in the core area of the city.
5.1.5.2 Slums and BPL Population
The total number of households in slum pockets are 8,161 which is estimated to have population of
40,805 (ideal HH size of 5) which accounts for 35% of the total population of the city (Refer Annex 5.2).

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Figure 5-4 Slums Location Map
5.1.5.3 General Characteristics of Slums
The following observations are derived from discussions with official and stakeholders. A large number of
slums are located along the riverbed, low lying areas and other environmental sensitive areas. In addition
slums are located on lands belonging to government and private lands.
5.1.5.4 Development Proposals
For slum improvement as part of JNNURMs strategy to improve the economic conditions in the slums and
thereby avoid the existence of the very name ‘Slum’ in the city, various development works and
improvement programs are being proposed. The components identified to be implemented under this
sector include rehabilitation/ housing, infrastructure creation and acquiring land for the purpose.
5.1.6 The Goal

Upgradation and improvement of slum areas along with the provision of basic infrastructure facilities
5.1.7 Possible Development Strategies

• Improve the accessibility of education and health facilities for urban poor.
• Low-rise high density projects to be promoted under Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) project.
• Registration and regulation of all workers in the informal sector.

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• Declare certain areas as hawker zones and make

them vehicle-free for movement.
5.1.8 Action Plan

• Slum Rehabilitation Programme
• Awareness campaign in slums
5.1.9 Access to land and land tenure

The slums in Bettiah are under government or private Dwelling unit in slum
land. The government of Bihar, from time to time has
been taking initiative for the slum households to provide legal ownership or title of land as part of its
policy to ensure tenure security to the poor and landless e.g. ‘Draft Bihar Slum Policy’. The proposed
policy has been developed within the framework of the National Slum Policy and is to guide the state and
local governments in addressing slum specific issues like providing urban basic services and tenure
security for the urban poor.
5.1.10 Availability of basic Social infrastructure in slums

The following observations are derived from site visits of slums in Bettiah. Secondary data on all 39
Wards of slums in the city was collected and analyzed. These are presented in the subsequent section on
status of slums in Bettiah.
5.1.11 Social Set up

The social composition of a majority of slums comprises Scheduled Castes, Other Backward Castes and
Minorities. Most of the slums or mohallas have predominantly one caste staying in it, people from one
place of origin. However, in some of the slums, the original settlement housed a single caste or social
group, but later, other social groups also started moving in, creating a wider social mix.
5.1.12 Employment
Majority of the working population in slums is engaged in factories while others also work as construction
labourers and daily wagers. Informal activities like roadside food and ‘pan’ stalls, and home-based small
businesses.
5.1.13 Average Income

On an average, slum households have a monthly income of Rs. 1500 per month, the range being Rs. 600
to Rs. 5,000.
5.1.14 Housing Type

There are mainly two different types of slums in Bettiah– characterized by different types of housing
conditions mud houses with tiled roofs, others have houses that are entirely made of makeshift materials

CITY DEVELOPMENT
– wood, bamboo and plastic/tarpaulin sheets. The former are older slums with some basic level of
services, while the latter have virtually no services at all.
5.1.15 Health
Most slum dwellers consult private doctors due to lack of proximity to government hospitals and
perceived delay in treatment. The average fee of a General Physician is Rs. 30 to Rs. 50 per visit. With
medicines, the average expenditure per visit works out to Rs. 100. In the poorer slums, the lack of
awareness of family planning practices is evident.
5.1.16 Education
In most of the older slums in the city, children have access
to primary schools and the drop-out rate up to middle
school does not appear to be high, even though literacy
level, especially female literacy, is extremely low (estimated
at about 30 per cent). Most slum households send their
children to government schools and corporation schools.
School in slum
5.2 Availability of basic physical infrastructure in slums

The status of physical infrastructure in slums gives the idea about extent of seriousness regarding various
issues.
5.2.1 Water Supply

Water is a major issue in the slums. The main source of water supply in slums is met through hand pumps
and public stand posts (PSPs).
5.2.2 Sanitation
Sanitation is a very important aspect of slum
development. It directly impacts the cleanliness, health
and hygiene of the individuals. Sewerage system is totally
absent in the slums. Almost 100% of the slum population
practice open defecation, which is adversely affecting the
environment.
Environmental condition in slum

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5.2.3 Storm Water Management in Slums

As per discussions with local authorities and Slum
dwellers, it was indicated that slums in Bettiah city are
not provided with pucca drains. Although, there are
kutcha drains, which were often clogged due to solid
waste dumping. Hence, there is a demand for new
formation of drains along existing roads and new roads.
Storm water management and disposal in slums is a very

important aspect as stagnation of water leads to
Water logging due to lack of proper drainage
breeding of mosquitoes and flies which create
unhygienic conditions and responsible for poor health
conditions prevailing in slums. Water logging, especially
during monsoons, is a major issue in these slums.
5.2.4 Street Lights

It is noticed that several road junctions and street
stretches are having poor lighting facility in the city and
the condition in the slums are more worsened.
Unpaved (kutcha roads) in slums
5.2.5 Roads
The local authorities have provided only un-surfaced roads in the slum areas in Bettiah Municipal Council
area. As per discussion with the Slum dwellers most of the slum area roads are kuchha.
5.2.6 Solid Waste Management in Slums

There is no provision for waste management in slums in Bettiah. The wastes are dumped on the streets
and open vacant land creating pollution in the surrounding area.
Slum conditions in Bettiah

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Slum conditions in Bettiah
5.3 Social security schemes and beneficiaries

There are numerous schemes and programmes in the State of Bihar which are specifically for promotion
and development of the urban poor which is the final beneficiary. The most recent schemes which are
on-going programmes are:
Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY): The Bihar government has sought strong support from the Centre to promote
a slum-free society in the state under the Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) announced in the Union budget in
2009.
SPUR: The Support Programme for Urban Reforms in Bihar (SPUR) aims to initiate and accelerate urban
reforms to address challenges for urban development and contribute significantly to the continuum of
sustainable development in Bihar.
5.4 Conclusion
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have given us a hope to make poverty a history. The
millennium goals stem from the millennium declaration in September 2000 when 189 member countries

CITY DEVELOPMENT
of the United Nations came together and affirmed their commitment towards achieving global peace,
security and development.
The MDGs consist of eight goals, eighteen targets and forty-eight indicators.
Our concern here in preparing part of the Bettiah ‘CDP’ is Goal No. 7 which is ‘Ensure environmental
sustainability’.
 Integrating the principles of sustainable development within national policies and programmes
and reversing loss of environmental resources.
 Reducing by half the proportion of people who don’t have sustainable access to safe drinking
water and basic sanitation.
 Achieving significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by 2020.
The ‘Indicators’ for monitoring progress in achieving these goals are:
 Increase in proportion of population using an improved drinking water source.

 Increase in proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility.
 Increase in proportion of urban population living in slums.
5.5 Issues & Potential
S. NO ASPECTS ISSUES POTENTIALS & PROBABLE PROJECTS
 Illegal water connections  Provision of authorized water supply to

1 Water Supply &
in the slums. housing units in the slums.
Losses  Wastage of water due to  Check on water losses and theft.
improper water
connections taps and
joints.
 Rapid depletion of
groundwater resources.
 Inequitable metering of  Provision of authorized power supply to all
2 Power &
power supply. housing units.
Electrical Issues  Power line connections  Metering of power supply.
hang haphazardly and  Up-gradation/ rewiring of existing supply
dangerously. lines.
 Lots of generator
connection causing
pollution.
 Improper drainage system.  Provision of drainage connections.
3 Drainage
 No connection to main  Regular cleaning of drains.
drainage trunk lines thus,
mixing of sewage and
runoff which has no out
fall.
 No form of cleaning thus
creating environmental
and health related issues

CITY DEVELOPMENT
S. NO ASPECTS ISSUES POTENTIALS & PROBABLE PROJECTS
within the slums.

 No form of systematic  Provisions of bins and storage units at regular
4 Waste
waste management in the intervals for waste collection.
Management slums.  Regular collection and disposal of waste to
 Garbage is dumped on the avoid health hazards.
side of streets and open
drains and not cleared.
 Garbage problem further
breeds health and
environmental problems -
a breeding ground for
mosquitoes, flies etc.
 Community Toilets exist,  Provision of sewage and their connections.
5 Sewage
but sewage system does  Involving local public in maintenance of Public
Problems still not exist in the city. Toilets on Pay and Use basis.
Immediate construction of  Construction of Pay & Use type toilets at all
sewage lines is required. major public places.
 Open defecation is still
prevalent in some slums.
 Clear Demarcation of slum  Clear demarcation of slum boundaries.
6 Settlement
boundaries is missing.  Provision of management of animal waste in
 Most people living in the slums.
notified slums claim that
the housing units are not
in a slum.
 Humans and animals live
side by side thus, cause
major environmental and
health problems.
 Problem of animal and
human waste in open
drains.
 Lack of clarity of boundary  Emulating good practices in slums, spreading
7 Institutional &
of slums / poverty pockets. and regularizing them across the city
Governance  Haphazard collection of  Payment for water supply
payments with respect to  Payment for electricity supply
water supply and power  Payment for garbage disposal
supply.  Payment for other services provided by
BMC
Revenues for the BMC can be further utilized
for O&M to enhance services.
 Greater involvement of NGOs to

 Organize slum communities that have
the authority to resolve local problems
 Establish modes of official
communications between the
communities and BMC as and when
required.

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6 CULTURAL HERITAGE & TOURISM
6.1 Introduction
The preservation of heritage areas with modern development can serve the purpose of business and
sustainability. However, the historical monuments in the city of Bettiah are in a dilapidated state.
Historic urban monuments are getting decayed due to the following reasons:-
 Lack of proper policy,
 Lack of appropriate legal framework,
 Lack of awareness and appreciation towards heritage properties and
 Lack of financial and technical resources.
6.2 Heritage & Conservation

In the year 1961, the Directorate of Archaeology and
Museums was constituted on the recommendation of
the Government of India. In the year 1987, however,
the Directorate of Archaeology was separated from
that of the Museums. The two separate Directorates
were formed in order to pursue more skilled and
professional operations. The Directorate of
Archaeology has the onus of discovering, preserving
and developing the antiquarian remains, including
monuments and potential sites. Moreover, it conducts
excavations of the important sites to unravel the
mysteries of the past. Through exploration, it also
identifies the potential archaeological remains. It,
moreover, takes up the publication works on the
related subjects.
The Directorate has protected as many as 28
archaeological sites, under the provisions of the Bihar
Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Site Remains
and Art Treasure Act 1976. Over a dozen of
archaeological sites have been excavated by the Directorate, of which Balirajgarh, Kataragarh (early
historic cities), Chirand and Taradih (Neolithic sites) and Apasadh (a later Gupta temple complex) have
revealed significant relics.

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Bettiah has a number of heritage buildings and monuments which are scattered in the city. These
buildings or heritage sites require an extensive listing. There are no identified protected sites within the
city but within the district there are 5 protected archaeological sites identified by the Directorate of
Archaeology namely:
Ruined fortress, Chankigarh, Chanki ,West

Champaran
Rampart of the fort and Stupa at Nandangarh,
Marhia, West Champaran
Ruined fortress at Nandangarh, Marhia ,West
Champaran
Vedic burial mounds Marhia, West Champaran Dilapidated Building of Bettiah Raj
Vedic burial mounds Pakri, West Champaran
Various branches and circles of the ASI carry out archaeological excavations in different parts of the
country. Based on the information available in the Indian Archaeology - A Review, list of the sites
excavated during last century, is given for West Champaran District:
Lauriya-Nandangarh, District W. Champaran, Bihar

Bettiah is famous for two Ashokan pillars standing at
Lauriya and Nandangarh towards 30 km N.W. The site
was first excavated by A. Cunningham in 1862 who
found a retaining wall of brick in 1905. Afterwards, T.
Block excavated four mounds, and collected a gold leaf
with a female figure standing in frontal pose and a small
deposit of burnt human bones mixed with charcoal.
In 1935-6 N.G. Majumdar, re-examined four mounds and

found that all of them were earthen burial memorials
with burnt-brick revetments, two being faced with a
brick lining in a double tier.
The core of the stupa consists of a filling of earth with a
large number of terracotta animal and human figurines
in the Sunga and Kushan idiom, a few punch marked
coins and cast copper coins, terracotta sealings of the
2nd and 1st centuries B.C. and iron objects.
In a shaft dug into the centre of the mound, though an evidently disturbed filling was found at a depth of
4.3 m, the remnants of a brick altar 1 m high and 11 m from the surface of the mound was found the top
of an intact miniature stupa, complete with a surmounting square umbrella. This stupa is 3.6m in height
and is polygonal on plan. An examination of its interior yielded nothing, but beside lay a tiny copper
vessel with a lid fastened to it by a wire. Inside the vessel was a long strip of thin birch-Ieaf manuscript,
which having been squeezed into it, was so fragile that it was impossible to spread it out thoroughly. The

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bits that could be extricated were sufficient to show that the manuscript was that of a Buddhist text
(probably the Pratitya samutpada-sutra, as the word nirodha could be read a few times) written in
characters of the 4th century A.D. No excavation was undertaken at a further depth.
6.3 Tourism Policy/ Guidelines at the State Level

The main objectives of Bihar Tourism policy aim at promotion and development of tourism in Bihar and
to transform tourism industry as a vital part of vibrant economic activities of the state.
The key initiative of the Government includes:
The State Government will prepare an area-based master plan for developing infrastructure that
is necessary for the tourist destinations. The department of tourism will formulate a 20-year
master plan with future projection for development of tourism in the state.
All facilities and incentives available for industry will apply to investment in tourism sector.
The state will promote private investment for setting up hotels and heritage hotels. The State
Government will explore and develop the possibilities of launching a paying-guest scheme.
Rules and regulations for land allotment will be simplified to create tourism infrastructure.
The Department of Tourism would identify potential tourist destination where religious fairs and
festivals are an integral part of culture and would promote such destinations.
Tourist information centres will be equipped with the modern information and communication
technology devices.
The State Government will promote weekend tourism, wildlife tourism, aqua tourism and rural
tourism.
Human resources required for growth of tourism will be developed.
6.4 Identification & Inventory of Tourism Potential

6.4.1 Regional Tourism Potential
The district is headquartered in Bettiah, which is 225 km North-West of Patna, the capital city of Bihar.
Since, the district shares its border with the neighbouring country of Nepal, the place has gained
international importance. As a result, the number of tourists visiting the district has increased
considerably, which is a boon for its tourism. West Champaran
offers a host of tourist attractions.
Bettiah Raj
Bettiah, seat of the erstwhile Bettiah Raj, and its vicinity falling
in the twin districts of West Champaran and East Champaran,
are other regions of Bihar steeped in history and culture.
The history of the district during the late medieval period and
the British period is linked with the history of Bettiah Raj. It
traces its descent from Ujjain Singh and his son, Gaj Singh, Building from Bettiah Raj days

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who received the title of Raja from the Emperor Shah Jahan (1628-58).
The family came into prominence as independent chief in the 18th century during the downfall of the
Mughal Empire. At the time when Champaran passed under British rule, it was in the possession of Raja
Jugal Kishore Singh, who succeeded Raja Dhrup Singh in 1763. The Raj was succeeded by the descendants
of Raja Jugal Kishore Singh. Harendra Kishore Singh, the last Maharaja of Bettiah, died in 1893, issueless
and was succeeded by his first wife, who died in 1896.
The estate came under the management of Court of Wards since 1897 and was held by the Maharaja's
junior widow, Maharani Janaki Kuar.
The 'Raj Deorhi' or the palace complex occupies a large area in the centre of the town. In 1910 at the
request of Maharani, the palace was built after the plan of Graham's palace in Calcutta. The Court of
Wards is at present holding the property of Bettiah Raj. Though not much of the palace remains, the Raj
Kachahri with a clock atop its tower still holds charm for any visitor.
Valmiki National Park (80 km from Bettiah town):

Spread over 900 sq km of forests, it encompasses Valmiki
National Park (335 sq km) and also the Valmiki Tiger Reserve.
Contiguous with the Chitwan National Park of Nepal, the tract
is a seamless expanse of wilderness and biodiversity heaven in
the outermost Terai foothills of the Himalayan landscape and
possesses the typical variety of landforms and eco-sites. The
main carnivores in the available faunal community consist of
tiger, leopard, wild dog, civet, leopard cat, fishing cat and
hyena. The herbivore fauna includes chital, sambhar, gaur and
nilgai. The sanctuary is also rich in avifauna and reptiles. A
family of rhino from across Nepal has taken residence in the Valmiki National Park
areas along Gandak River. The vegetation and floral
biodiversity are equally rich and captivating.
Nalanda
Nalanda, where ruins of the great ancient university
have been excavated, it is situated at a distance of 250
km from Bettiah by road. Nalanda means Giver of
Knowledge. Nalanda was the largest residential centre
of learning that the world had ever known. The
University of Nalanda was founded in the 5th century by
the Gupta emperors. There were thousands of students
and teachers. Its importance as a monastic university
continued until the end of the 12th century. Nalanda
eventually developed into thgreatest ancient centre of
View of Nalanda
Buddhist learning.

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Rajgir
Rajgir was the ancient capital city of the Magadha kings

until the 5th century BC when Ajatashatru moved the
capital to Pataliputra.
Jarasandha and his battle with the Pandava brothers and
their allies Krishna. Jarasandha who hailed from this place
had been defeated by Krishna 17 times. Mahabharata
recounts a wrestling match between Bhima, one of the
pandavas, and Jarasandha, the then king of Rajgir. There is
a famous Jarasandha's Akhara (place where martial arts are
practiced). The former lies within a valley and is View of Buddhist Stupa at Rajgir
surrounded by low-lying hills. New Rajgir is defined by
another, larger, embankment outside the northern entrance
of the valley and next to the modern town.
Kathmandu, Nepal
Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal. The city stands at an

elevation of approximately 1,400 metres and 250 Km from
Bettiah city. Kathmandu is not only the capital of Nepal but
also the headquarters of the Central Region. Nepal located at
the central part of the country. Kathmandu, as the gateway
to Nepal Tourism, is the nerve centre of the country’s
economy. Its religious affiliations are
predominantly Hindu followed by Buddhism. View of Kathmandu, Nepal
Pokhara, Nepal
Pokhara is an incarnation of the religious heaven, this celestial city is also known as the “city of seven
lakes”. Pokhara (Nepal) is situated at about 827 meter from sea level, and is located 350 Km from Bettiah
city by road. Pokhara is the next destination after Kathmandu for many adventure and pleasure trips in
and around Pokhara.
6.5 Places to Visit

Peace Pagoda
Pokhara Fly
The Fewa Lake
Seti Gandaki / Gorge
Mahendra Cave (Gufa or Gupha in Nepali)
Davis Fall

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Peace Pagoda Pokhara Gliding Fewa Lake
TRIVENI NEPAL
VALMIKINAGAR
BAWANGARHI
SOMESWAR BHIKHNATHORI
Haratanr Gobardhana
BHITIHARWA
RAMPURWA
Ramnagar
Harinagar
Bagha CHANAKIGARH Narkatiaganj
Sikta
UTTAR PRADESH
LAURIYA NANDANGARH RAXAUL

Kaptanganj
BRINDAWAN
TO GORAKHPUR
Chanpatia
BETTIAH
SARAIYA MAN Sugauli
Nautan
MOTIHARI
ARERAJ
Gopalganj
0 25 KM BIHAR KESARIYA
Someshwar Shiv Mandir,
Major Tourist Destinations
Areraj
Figure 6-1: Important tourist spots in Bettiah region
Lauriya Nandangarh (approx. 22 km from Bettiah)
Nandangarh is situated in Lauriya block. These are actually two big mounds which are the remains of
palaces of Nanda Dynasty and Chanakya, the world famous economist and author of the Arthashastra.
Nandangarh has also been conjectured as the ashes stupa where the ashes of Buddha are said to have
been enshrined.

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Ashoka Pillar (Approx. 23 km from Bettiah)
About one kilometer east of Nandangarh in Lauria block, is the lion pillar of Ashoka, over 2300 years old
and is in excellent condition. This pillar is 35 feet in height and its base diameter is 35 inches and upper
diameter is 22 inches. Its massiveness and exquisite finish are striking proof of the skill and resources of
the masons of Ashoka age. Two more such pillars with their capitals removed have been discovered in
Rampurwa village, close to Gandhi's Bhitiharawa Ashram in Gaunaha block. One of their capitals, the bull
is now in the National Museum at New Delhi and the other, the lion, is at Calcutta Museum.
6.6 Bettiah Tourism Potential

Bettiah is a small town which has lots of places and potentials for developing tourism in and around the
town. In the heart of the town is the Maharaja's Palace, locally known as Raj Kachahri, while the Roman
Catholic mission was established here in 1740 with its remarkable heritage sculptures and paintings. The
heritage sites in and around Bettiah are listed below:
Table 6-1 Inventory of Heritage Sites in Bettiah
SN TOURIST DESTINATIONS & DESCRIPTION CATEGORY
1. Circuit House, Bettiah

It was, as late as 1920s, the European Club of Bettiah,
where indigo planters from Champaran assembled for
Historical
convivial weekends. The marble floors, the teak banisters,
the wooden staircase and the sprung floors of the grand
ball-room besides grand 16-seater teak dining table are
cherished as monuments to gracious living.
2. Roman Catholic Mission

Historical & Religious
17th century Roman Catholic Mission, with a church and

nice sculptures and paintings.
3. Kaali Bagh Mandir

Temple with idols of over 500 deities that are housed
separately around a pond. All of them are worshipped
Religious
daily by a large number of pujaris (priests).

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SN TOURIST DESTINATIONS & DESCRIPTION CATEGORY
4. Maharaja's Palace
Better known as Raj Kachahri (kachahri =court), is the
palace of Bettiah Raj. Annual fair is organised on the
Historical
occasion of Dushehra till Deepawali.
5. K. R. High School
Khrist Raja (Christ the King) High School, opened in 1927
as the first high school started by American Jesuits in the
Historical
Patna Mission in spacious campus at Bettiah. Here one
happens to experience a perfect combination of
education, discipline and character building. It has
magnificient buildings and gardens along with a beautiful
Church and Grotto.
6. Sagar Pokhar
A scenic pond with a marvelous temple around it. It is the
Natural & Religious

centre of attraction of annual Chhath Festival.
7. Saint Ghat
A beautiful temple on the bank of the Chandravat River.
Beside these, there are several other beautiful temples
with legends associated with them.
Religious
8. Machli Lok
A beautiful natural water body in the eastern part of the
town. Currently used for fishery along with provision of
Natural
boating. Tourists are attracted for its natural environment

and enjoyment of boating.

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6.7 Tourist Circuit – Bettiah

Bettiah and its surrounding region have an immense potential for developing tourism. It can act as a
transit point for all regional tourist destinations and further enhance the city development. The potential
tourism circuit for the region is listed below:
Nature Tourism Circuit

Being in the vicinity to wildlife sanctuary and surrounded by hills and lakes, Nature Tourism can be
promoted as one of the tourism circuit for the region. The identified sites for nature-based tourism are:
1. Bettiah
2. Saraiya Man
3. Valmiki National Park
4. Triveni
5. Bawangarhi
6. Someshwar
7. Bikhnatori
Ancient/ Historical Tourism Circuit

The entire region is dotted with a number of places that hold lot of ancient and historical significance. The
Ancient/ Historical Tourism can also be promoted and developed as one of the tourism circuit for the region.
1. Lauriya Nandangarh
2. Chanakigarh
3. Rampurwa
4. Kesariya
5. Areraj (Lauriya Areraj)
Gandhi Tourism
West Champaran deserves special mention in the

history of freedom struggle of India. Mahatma
Gandhi agitated for the cause of freedom in the
residents of this district. Bhitiharwa Ashram, a village
in the Betia sub-division under Gaunaha block, was a
centre for social work chosen by Gandhiji, during his
stay in Champaran in 1917. Hazarimal Dharamshala,
located at Bettiah in the Lal Bazar area, was regarded
as the ‘epicentre’ of Satyagraha movement and a
campsite for Gandhiji and his companions. Being part
of the history of freedom struggle, the region can
well be promoted as Gandhi Tourism circuit to
Bhitiharwa Ashram
preserve its heritage.

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It is a village in Gaunaha block from where Gandhiji started his freedom movement that came to be
known as 'Champaran Satyagraha' in India history. There is a hut type house in the village which is called
Ashram and has become a place of Gandhian pilgrimage.
1. Bhitiharwa
2. Brindawan
3. Motihari
4. Bodh Gaya
5. Raxaul
6. Valmikinagar Tiger Reserve Forest
7. Nalanda
8. Rajgir
9. Katmandu
10. Pokhra, Nepal
N TRIVENI
VALMIKINAGAR
NEPAL
BAWANGARHI
SOMESWAR BHIKHNATHORI
Haratanr Gobardhana
BHITIHARWA
RAMPURWA
Ramnagar
Harinagar
UTTAR PRADESH
Bagha
CHANAKIGARH Narkatiaganj
VALMIKI
Kaptanganj
NATIONAL PARK Sikta

LAURIYA NANDANGARH RAXAUL
BRINDAWAN
Chanpatia
TO GORAKHPUR
BETTIAH
SARAIYA MAN Sugauli
Nautan
LEGEND MOTIHARI
Project City
Key Towns/Villages ARERAJ
Major Tourist Destinations Gopalganj
Nature Tourism Circuit
Ancient Historical Tourism
Circuit
Gandhi Tourism Circuit
0 25 KM BIHAR KESARIYA
Figure 6-2: Tourism Circuit in Bettiah region

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6.8 Fairs & festivals

Bettiah Fair
Bettiah fair is held at Bettiah on the Dussehra Durga Puja and lasts for about fifteen days. It attracts a vast
number of people from the neighbouring villages
at the time of fair. It is estimated that their
number does not fall much short of two lakhs or
so.
The most important feature of these fairs is the

organization of a cattle fair where several
thousand cattle are bought and sold.
The cattle fair also attracts sellers and purchasers

from the neighbouring districts of Muzaffarpur
and Saran as well as from Nepal. The cattle Devotees performing Chhatth Puja
brought for sale here, are generally of local breed.
All kinds of commodities required in daily use are sold at this fair. It is the largest fair in the district of
West Champaran.
Chhath Puja
Chhath Puja is celebrated a week after the festival of Diwali. For one night, people of Bihar virtually live
on the banks of river Ganga and other water pools to offer obeisance to Sun god.
Since the obeisance has to be offered from mid-water, the ideal venue for this unique festivity is the
banks of rivers. The festival is dedicated to the worship of Sun god and is, therefore, also known as Surya
Shashti. Chhath is considered to be an opportunity to thank Sun god for bestowing the bounties of life on
earth and also to pray for fulfilment of wishes.
It is one of the holiest festivals for Bihar and extends for four days with the devotees offering prayers on
the last sunset and sunrise from the middle of a water pool. It's popularly believed that all the wishes of
the devotees are fulfilled during Chhath.
6.9 Tourism Potential of Bettiah (Number of visitors and tourist

facilities)
On the basis of consultation with the hoteliers, it is estimated that every day 30 beds are booked by the
domestic visitors in each hotel while there is high fluctuation in the foreign visitors. Around 15-20 foreign
visitors stay in each hotel per year. On this basis, Bettiah attracts 109,500 domestic visitors in every year.

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6.10 Issues & strategies

S. NO ASPECTS ISSUES STRATEGIES AND POTENTIALS PROJECTS
1 Heritage &  Due to lack of infrastructure  Re-development and conservation of
Conservation facilities most of the tourists existing potential heritage sites within the
are moving out to the city.
neighbouring towns/cities.  Development of recreational areas and
 Poor database on heritage existing water bodies.
buildings and tourist inflow  Presence of railway station in the city,
pattern. Proper inventory of good infrastructure development and star
heritage buildings is hotels may attract night stay of tourists
required. travelling to this major tourist centre.
 Within the city, the existing  It is necessary to set up a nodal agency.
potential heritage sites are  Scope of development of religious
in dilapidated condition. buildings as tourist spots.
 Existing temples are under  Abundant amount of lakes in the town for
construction and not fully promoting eco-tourism in city.
developed.  Regionally many important and significant
 Lack of services and facilities sites are located, providing scopes for
in the tourist spots. regional tourist circuit.
 Lack of conservation and  Upgradation and conservation of existing
management of tourist water bodies like Sagar pokhar, Harivatika
resources. pokhar, Utarwari pokhar, Durga Bagh
 Poor tourism infrastructure pokhar, etc.
(no proper tourist  Development of Noka Vihar in all the major
information centre, single lakes.
hotel by state tourism dept.,  Potential of fishery as tourism like Machli
no star hotels, quality Ghar or Machili Vihar.
shopping centres, quality  River front development along the Kodhda
medical facilities, etc.) River.
 Poor traffic management  City located strategically at the centre of all
and public transport regional tourist spots so having scope of
facilities. developing tourist infrastructure to act as
transit area for tourists.
 Upgradation of the existing famous
religious structures.

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7 URBAN ENVIRONMENT
7.1 Introduction
Urban areas face a number of environmental challenges. Although, the scale and intensity of the
problems vary sector wise, the impact on quality of human life is significant. The environmental
challenges faced in the urban areas are serious and have significant impact on the health, natural
resources and socio-economic performance.
This chapter takes a closer look at the environmental status of various components of the environment to
identify the activities and causes for its deterioration and has made an attempt for preparing a basis for
preparation of environmentally sustainable City Development Plan 2030 for Bettiah town on the basis of
baseline information gathered with regard to environment quality, resources and services.
7.2 Environmental Sustainability – An important focus of CDP

Sustainable Development, as defined by Brundtland Commission, is emphasizing the synergy between
economic development, social equity and environment.
Urban environment is an important component for the sustainable development of a city. This chapter
attempts to assess the existing status of the urban environment of Bettiah.
Broadly following parameters shall be considered to address the dimension of environmental
sustainability of the CDP.
Environmental quality and resources of city.
Land use.
Socio-economic characteristics of city.
In order to create a sustainable and organized pattern of development of a city, environmental analysis is
done to assess the status of environmental quality and resources. This includes an analysis of relevant
environmental parameters viz. climatic condition, physiographic condition, vegetation, air quality, water
quality, water bodies, disaster preparedness & management, waste management etc. Details of waste
generation have been already elaborated in the Chapter No.6. To assess vulnerability and preparedness
to disasters a brief assessment of aspects of Disaster Management Plan has also been elaborated.
The assessment of status of environmental quality and resources shall be major guiding factor and basis
for formulation of projects and programmes of City development Plan 2030.

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7.3 Physical Attributes

7.3.1 Topography
West Champaran is the only district in Bihar with a sizable forest area of 18% of total land. Gandak or
Narayani and Sikrahana or little Gandak are the two important rivers of this district. Tirhut, Tribeni and
Dun canals are the most prominent canals operating in this district. Bettiah lies in the alluvial plains of
Ganga basin. It is located close to Gandak River.
The district is divided into 3 distinct tracts:
1. The hilly tract of Someswar and Dun range in the north at the foot hills of Himalayas. It is
noticeable that the soil even at the foot of the hills has no rocky formation and wherever water
can be impounded, a rich growth of crop is possible. The hilly streams, however, play havoc by
bringing down huge quantities of sand & destroying cultivable lands. The hills contain large
stretches of forests.
2. The Terai region which is largely populated by Tharus of the District.
3. Fertile plains occupy the rest of the district. This plain itself is divided into two well defined tracts
by the little Gandak and have markedly distinct characteristics. The northern portion is composed
of old alluvium & has a considerable area of low land. It is traversed by a number of streams
flowing southwards. The southern portion of the tract is characterized by stretches of upland
varied in places by large marshy depressions known as chaurs.
7.3.2 Soil
The soil of the district is sedentary in nature. Sedentary soils are sandy to loamy in texture and are brown
to yellow and grey in colour. Generally of a meter-scale thickness, the soil supports forest and tall grass
and is rich in organic matter. It has developed over the Siwalik sediments of west Champaran districts.
7.3.3 Flora & Fauna

The district has suffered large scale denudation of forests. Forests are confined to the northern tract &
particularly, the Sumeswar & the Dun ranges are covered with forests. Sal, Sisam, Tun & Khair are among
the trees found in this region. In terai region clumps of bamboo, sabai grass & narkat reed are found in
abundance.
The types of animals available in the forests of the district are tiger, leopard, panther, wild pig, nilgai,
monkeys (both red and black faced), bear, dear, sambhar, bison, wolves & wild goats.
Three types of quails of the Amazonian species are seen in the district. They are the bustard quails,
button quails & the little button quails. Brown fly-catchers, the grey shrike, olive green birds and various
types of mynas are found here.
The rehu, naini, katla, tengra, buail, sauri and barari are the big fish varieties found in the bigger rivers &
lakes of the district. Snakes are quite common & crocodiles & alligators are sometimes found in the larger
river.

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7.4 Climate
The climate of the district is cooler & damper than the adjoining districts of Bihar. Winter begins in
November and lasts till February, followed by hot summer months when temperature rises to maximum
43° C. The monsoon sets in during the later part of June. The district receives some rain during the winter
months also.
7.5 Rainfall
Rainfall in West Champaran is heavier than most of the districts & is especially heavy in the Terai region.
The normal annual rainfall is about 56". Bettiah receives heavy annual rainfall of about 200-400 mm
which often causes floods. The region faces thunders during the change of season (summer to rainy).
Table 7-1 Month wise rainfall (in mm) in Bettiah during monsoon season
Month 2007 2008 2009 2010 Average Rainfall
June NA 239.2 65.1 85.54 217.5
July NA 584.5 267.6 363.36 399.1
August 420.7 426.5 465.6 400.83 308.2
September 352.9 231.1 96.9 203.5 283.8
October 53.4 NA 71.8 67.64 65.6
Source: Regional Joint Agriculture Director Office, Bettiah
Figure 7-1: Monthly avg. Rainfall in Bettiah during rainy season

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7.6 Temperature
Bettiah has hot summers and chilling winters. In summers, the temperature goes up to 43: C to 45: C
while in winters the temperature goes as low as 8:C -10:C.
7.7 Wind Speed

The maximum wind velocity is 5 to 7 Km per hr & the average wind velocity is 4 to 5 Km per hr, the
predominant wind directions are observed from South-East to North-West.
7.8 Environmental quality assessment

The impacts on urban environment are perceived at various levels starting from household level,
community level, city level and if unchecked can multiply to issues at regional or national level. This
section highlights the environmental issues that need to be addressed to improve the environmental
health of Bettiah city.
7.9 Surface & Ground Water Quality

The surface as well as ground water of the city is contaminated as has been discussed earlier. Water
resources in the city are polluted due to disposal of sewerage directly into the surface drains or surface
water bodies. Ground water contamination is essentially due to large number of septic tanks in use in the
city. The Chandrawat & Kodha River is also polluted due to indiscriminate dumping of garbage. The large
number of septic tanks, most of which are unlined or do not have soak pits, are also one of the main
reasons of polluting the surface & ground water quality.
7.10 Air Pollution

Air pollution in the city is localized and limited to roads, industrial areas, major junctions and the core
city. During consultation meetings residents have have complained of increasing pollution levels in core
city. While pollution in core city and along arterial roads is due to increased traffic, pollution is also a
result of burning of wood and charcoal in low-income houses and in slum areas and small-scale
industries.
7.11 City Environment

7.11.1 City Green Spaces (gardens and recreation)
In Bettiah town there are huge chunks of open spaces but are not classified as any recreational use. Town
lacks in large green areas in the form of parks and ground. Mainly there are 2 grounds and 1 park namely:

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Maharaja Stadium, Mela Ground and Shahid Park. Besides there are some good parks in the temple
premises like Durga Mandir bagh, St. Ghat Temple Bagh, etc.
Mela Ground Unnotified open space
Air strip used as play ground Shahid Smarak Park
There are two rivers flow in the southern part of the town, namely, Chandravat River and Kodha River.
River Chandrawat River Kodha

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7.11.2 Water Bodies & Ox-bow Lakes in & around Bettiah

Water bodies cover about 2-5% of the total area of the town. The town has number of lakes scattered in
the entire town. Among these, the main lakes of town are: Sagar Pokhara, Uttarwari Pokhara, Durga Bagh
Pokhara, Harivatika Pokhara and Station Chowk Pokhara.
Machli Lok Durga Bagh Pokhara
Sagar Pokhara Uttarwari Pokhara
Madhopur Lake Sant Ghat

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Lal Saraiya
It is located 20 kms east of Bettiah town (West Champaran) and having water spread area of 230 ha. It is
U-shaped in extension but somewhat peculiar in shape due to the presence of two prominent arms. It
appears that these arms might have been small 'nallahs' earlier but later became the part of the system.
The lake is 'live' in nature and has having connection with Chandrawat & Kodha Rivers.
The fishery of the lake is, though, dominated by cat-fish and forage fishes, the major carps are also
sizeable in abundance. Gastropods are the dominant benthic fauna of the lake which at times contribute
to shell fishery also.
Issues: The Lake is almost choked with aquatic weeds. Qualitatively submerged weeds remain the
dominant hydrophytes.
Gahri Lake
Gahri Lake is located at a distance of 16 kms south of Bettiah town (West Champaran) and has a total
area of water spread of about 70 ha. It is comparatively deeper as compared to other lakes of the area
having a depth range of 5-8.2 m. The physical appearance of the lake was originally 'U'- shaped but with
the gradual deposition of silt load one of its arms has been separated and as a result it has been
converted into two distinct lakes and now they appear like fingers. The lakes have lost their connecting
channels and thus transformed in to ' dead lakes'.
Issues: The extent of weed infestation has been estimated to be around 75%. The lakes are though
dominated by submerged weeds; emergent weeds are also prominent during autumn and early winters.
Hardia
This is located 15 km South of Bettiah town and is 48 ha in extension. Water depth ranges to 4-6 m.
physically the lake is finger shaped in appearance and is closed in nature. The lake serves as a potential
sanctuary for migratory birds.
Issues: Infestation of weed is around 75%, with the dominance of submerged hydrophytes.
7.11.3 Environmentally Sensitive Zone

The city setting of Bettiah is characterized by Chandrawat River in the north & Kodha River and a small
drainage channel along the west while plantations, i.e. leechi and mango etc. cover almost the outer area
of the city. Lakes, rivers and ponds dominate the landscape and provide easily accessible recreational
opportunities. Bettiah’s natural features and unique ecosystems are valuable scenic and recreational
resources and can contribute environmental services.
The protection and conservation of these natural assets of the city’s setting are important which will
further enhance the quality of life of the residents and the visitors alike. In order to achieve this goal
mapping the environmental sensitive zone is prerequisite to protect and preserve green spaces and
sensitive areas and to create a culture of sustainability.

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The core area of the city is also identified as the sensitive zone since these areas are old and highly
congested and are also prone to various environmental issues. The figure below identifies the
environmental sensitive zone of the city:
To accomplish this goal, the following objectives have been identified:
to protect open spaces, environmentally sensitive areas and access to natural amenities;
to manage development in such a way as to avoid negative impacts on the natural features and
environmentally significant areas which ensure ecosystem resilience;
to support the reduction, prevention and mitigation of pollution and its sources in the air, water
and soils of Bettiah; and
to protect, conserve, restore and enhance natural areas.
CORE
AREA
LEGEND
Lakes/ ponds/
rivers/ floodplains
Parks/ Playgrounds
Plantations/ Forest
Figure 7-2: Environmentally Sensitive Zone- Bettiah
7.12 Disaster Management Plan

Disaster is an unexpected event due to sudden failure of the system, external threats, internal
disturbances, earthquakes, fire and accidents. An efficient communication system is absolutely essential
for the success of any disaster management plan. Preventive action would be worked out in consultation
with local authorities involving police, fire and hospital department.
There are three potential disasters the city might face which include fire, flood and earthquakes
especially, in the congested areas. The dynamics of change in urban settlements due to large population

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has led to the evolution of mixed land use, growth of industries, high population density, increasing
poverty and lack in urban basic amenities. There are chances of epidemic due to lack of sewage and solid
waste disposal system for the city particularly in slums. These increase losses during disasters. The
situation is the same in Bettiah city.
Thus, a disaster mitigation plan should be prepared for the city.
A Disaster Management Plan should incorporate the following factors:

 Incorporating disaster mitigation measures within the infrastructure planning process.
 Infrastructure services should be improved and enhanced to meet the requirements of the
existing and future population.
 Specialised infrastructure should be developed to cater to the city in times of emergencies.
 Awareness Programmes should be conducted at city and community level.
 Training of personnel like the Police, Local bodies, Fire Department with latest technology in case
of a disaster should occur.
7.12.1 Flood
Bihar has always been a worst victim of floods in the country, particularly the areas north of Ganga. Out
of 36 districts, 28 districts, including project district, are susceptible to flooding. Nearly 73% of the total
geographical area of the state is flood affected. This constitutes nearly 17% of the total flood affected
area in the country affecting 22% of the country’s total population. Some part of the study area is liable
to submergence during Monsoon period.
Figure 7-3: Flood Zones - Bihar

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Flood Prevention Measures are as under:
 Plinth level should be kept much above the highest flood level ever recorded in last 30 years.
 Structural design of the buildings should follow guidelines of IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 `Criteria for
Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures: Part 1 General provisions and Buildings’.
 Embankments of the entire stretch of nallah/ river should be suitably raised above the highest
flood level, to prevent flooding.
 De-silting of the water stream/nallah.
 Sandbags/Levees should be there along the nallah.
 Standby pumps should be used to pump out the excess rain water.
 Proper networking and revamping of drains and delinking the sewer system from the drain
system.
 Buffer strips should be developed on either side of parks.
7.12.2 Earthquake & Seismic Zones

As per the 2002 Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) map, Bihar falls in Seismic Zones III; IV & V. West
Champaran district comes under high risk earthquake zone. Suitable seismic coefficients in vertical and
horizontal directions should be taken for structural design of the building.
Figure 7-4: Earthquake zones – Bihar

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There is a critical need to adopt earthquake hazard-reduction measures and adopt proper guidelines for
construction of buildings as it’s not the earthquake that kills people but unsafe structures do. Awareness,
preparedness, capacity building, education are all necessary and important for the city’s residents.
Figure 7-5: Wind & Cyclone zones - Bihar
7.13 Environmental Issues

This section highlights the environmental issues that need to be addressed to improve the environmental
health of Bettiah city.
7.13.1 Air pollution

Air pollution in the city is localized and limited to roads, industrial areas, major junctions and the core
city. Stakeholder in consultation meetings have complained of increasing pollution levels in core city.
While pollution in core city and along arterial roads is due to increased traffic, pollution is also a result of
burning of wood and charcoal in low-income houses and kacchi bastis and small-scale industries.

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7.13.2 Land Pollution

The main cause of land pollution in Bettiah is improper solid
waste management system. Indiscriminate dumping of
garbage and the absence of a sanitary landfill site are among
the reasons for increasing leachate contamination and land
pollution.
The large number of septic tanks most of which are unlined

or do not have soak pits are also one of the main reasons of
land pollution in the city. Consultations and field visits have
revealed that large numbers of septic tanks are emptied into
Garbage dumped on vacant land
the open drains and also many septic tanks do not have
impermeable lining. Wastewater is also disposed of directly into open drains from where it percolates
into the ground and pollutes land.
7.13.3 Water Pollution

The surface as well as ground water of the city is
contaminated as has been discussed earlier. Water
resources in the city are polluted due to disposal of
sewerage directly into the surface drains or surface
water bodies. Ground water contamination is essentially
due to large number of septic tanks in use in the city.
7.13.4 Fire Hazards

Outfall of drains in Chandrawat River
While it is difficult to predict and prevent natural
hazards, man-made hazards can be avoided or mitigated through preventive actions. Bettiah’s
vulnerability to fire hazard is likely to increase with increasing population density and as the urban fabric
becomes denser, chances of fire incidences would also
increase.
Bettiah is quite prone to fire accidents. This is mostly
because of the unplanned & haphazard housing
development within the city. Fire accidents happen due to
several reasons like short circuit of electricity etc. In most
parts of the cities, fire extinguisher vehicle can’t approach
the accident site due to narrow lanes even in commercial
places. Also, most fire tenders are not in good condition.
Dilapidated Fire Vehicles at Raj Deorahi
According to the National Fire Advisory Committee, 1 fire
station is required per 50,000 persons. As per which there should be 2 fire stations in Bettiah presently.
The scenario in Bettiah is far below the standard. The present system needs to be augmented with more

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manpower and fire tenders. The National Fire Advisory Committee recommends a water hydrant every 3
km.
At present, solid waste management is one of the most critical issues in Bettiah. Solid waste management
has been identified as one of the most pressing urban environment issues by the stakeholders during
consultations. People have asked for proper SWM facilities and infrastructure, especially efficient waste
collection system. Absence of a sanitary landfill site is another critical issue. It results in the leachates
seeping down into the ground water and worsening its quality.
7.13.5 Water logging

Water logging and improper drainage has been identified as
one of the urban environmental issues during stakeholder
consultations. Choking of roadside drains due to garbage
disposal and inadequate design are the causes of improper
drainage in the city.
7.14Issues
Water logged area in Bettiah

1 Green Cover &  Lack of green cover and  Demarcation and development of
Open Spaces open spaces. recreational areas.
 There are no notified  Plantation programmes to increase green
recreational areas. cover within the city.
 Existing parks within the  Urban Forestry and Plantation Schemes for
town need to be the city.
maintained.  Plantation in dividers to curb dust,
pollution and to restore aesthetic looks.
 Good potential for development of more
parks & green open spaces.
2 Water  The water bodies are highly  Good potential for water recharging.
Bodies polluted.  Developed as recreational areas to attract
 Infested with solid waste, the local tourist.
drainage, sewage.  Can act as a rainwater harvesting zones.
 Encroachment also seen as  Develop Master plan for Rainwater
one of the main problems. Harvesting Plan.
 Water front development & conservation
along Chandravat River and Kodha River.
 Rejuvenation & lake management of
Sagar Pokhara, Uttarwari Pokhara, Durga
Bagh Pokhara and Harivatika Pokhara.
3 Disaster  Highly congested areas  Preparation of a Disaster Management
Preparedness vulnerable to disasters like Plan for the planning area.
and Mitigation fire.  Installation of specialized infrastructure for
 The access to slum areas is disaster preparedness.
narrow for any large vehicle  Training & capacity building of Police, Local

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to pass through. body personnel in disaster preparedness.
 Low lying areas are  Upgradation and improvement of
susceptible to floods. Infrastructure services in the city.
 High risk earthquake zone.  There is a requirement for purchasing
small fire brigade vehicles.
 There is shortage of manpower for fire
man.
 Institutional reforms.
3 Drainage  Water logging and flooding  Rehabilitation /repair of drainage systems
on roads etc. to be undertaken.
 Drainage improvement works in city.
4 Solid Waste  Indiscriminate dumping of  Upgrade SWM infrastructure and facilities.

Management garbage.  Sanitary landfill site for the city.
(SWM)  Land pollution by leachate.  Public awareness and education.
 Spread of vector diseases.  Compost plant for city.
7.15 The Goal

To make Bettiah clean and environment friendly city
7.16 Action Plan

On the basis of analysis and stakeholders consultation the action plan to be formulated for all the water
bodies in the city to check the pollution levels and essential measures should be adopted towards the
maintenance and revitalization of these water bodies.

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8 LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
8.1 Asset management plan

8.1.1 Introduction
This asset management plan has the objective of defining and describing the key elements and principles
of an Asset Management System. This chapter will deal with the elements that are essential in an asset
management program for movable and immovable infrastructure. More specifically on land and buildings
and road networks, water supply networks, pumping, storage, treatment facilities and storm water
drains.
While the need for Asset Management is clearly felt, it is equally important to have appropriate
management information on asset condition, infrastructure costs and performance, and the consolidated
requirements for repairs and maintenance, as well as appropriate maintenance standards.
The asset of the municipality can be broadly classified into two types as movable and immovable assets.
The municipality is required to maintain separate register. The following chart presents the various
movable and immovable assets:
Table 8-1 Classification of Municipal Assets
Municipal Asset
Movable Asset Immovable Asset
Vehicles Commercial Complexes
Residential Buildings
Water Supply Tankers
Garbage Lifters Industrial estates

Fire Tenders
Other vehicles Agricultural Lands
Burial Grounds/ Graveyards
Parks & open spaces
Roads
Office buildings

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8.1.2 Municipal Asset – Immovable Asset (Land & Buildings)

Buildings are of two types; remunerative and non-remunerative, given below are the remunerative assets
of the municipality. The details of municipal assets are presented in Table below:
Municipal Assets of Bettiah (Location Map)
Municipal Vacant Land
8.1.3 Municipal Asset - Movable Asset

The list of movable assets of Municipal assets in Bettiah is listed below:
Table 8-2 Details of Municipal movable assets - Bettiah
Sl. No. Asset name Number
1 Fronter & loader cum escavator machine 1
2 Jetting cum section machine 1
3 Truck tipper 1
4 J.C.B 1
5 Dumper, Placer & container
6 3-Wheeler Vikram -
7 Tractor 5

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Municipal Assets of Bettiah (J.C.B & Tractor)
8.1.4 Strategies for Asset Management

Undertake a Condition Assessment Survey (CAS) every 5 years and report on this assessment. Condition
Assessment Survey establishes the existing condition of the asset and hence is a benchmark for
comparison, not only between different assets, but for the same asset at different times. Condition
Assessment Survey records the deficiencies in a system or component, the extent of the defect, as well as
the urgency of the repair work; in some cases the estimated cost of repair is provided at the time of
inspection. This type of systematic inspection is essential for asset management as it provides data for
the "maintenance management", "service life prediction" and "risk analysis" enabling technologies,
mentioned earlier.
The data collected in a Condition Assessment Survey should reflect the change in the reliability of the
system as a whole. This implies that the state or condition of a system being inspected should then be
linked to the change in reliability of the system or its components. In this way, programmed maintenance
and repair for a given system can be based on updated reliability estimates.
While the above mentioned three tools are mostly innovative type there are specific information
technology tools that are necessary for accurate generation of MIS. Creating a Geographical Information
Systems (GIS) database of the assets identifiers.
Global Positioning Systems (GPS) technology assists for rapid and accurate data collection, precise
identification of building or service locations, calculations of areas and lengths, estimation of building
height, and more importantly the easy, clear and unambiguous documentation of physical location of
identified defects and potential problems.
For efficient management of the increasing administrative responsibilities and the welfare activities it is
proposed for e-governance, restructuring of Municipal Council’s (institutional strengthening)
organizational setup to undertake new responsibility, double entry accounting system, town planning and
municipal information system (MIS), Property Mapping – Geographical information System (GIS) for
efficient collection performance.

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8.1.5 Building Approval System

The Bihar Regional Urban Development Authority has enacted planning standards prescribing the
building regulations, coverage, and height restriction etc. in the jurisdiction of the U.R.D.A, Bihar. The
Building Approval system in Bihar is vested under the powers conferred under Section 80 of the Bihar
Regional Development Authority Ordinance of 1975.
The detailed planning standards of Bihar are listed in the Planning Standards and Building Bye-Laws for
cities with population of more than 1 lakh of Bihar prepared by Bihar Government Building Bye Laws
Committee. Since Bettiah has a population of more than 1 lakh, the building approval or development of
buildings in Bettiah requires a permit from the concerned Regional Development Authority through
application process as prescribed in Appendices A and B of the Planning Standards and Building Bye-Laws.
8.1.6 Business Approval System

The state government has been making serious endeavours to improve the investment situation in
the state and for this; it took up various steps including development of infrastructure, industrial policy
etc. With improved investment in the state, the state government created a State Investment Promotion
Board (SIPB).
Under the Industrial Incentive Policy- 2006 of Bihar there are provisions for granting pre-production
incentive of subsidy/exemption from stamp duty and registration fee and post production incentive of
grant/exemption for preparation of project reports, purchase of land/shed, technical know-how, captive
power generation/diesel generating set, quality certificate , Vat, luxury tax, electricity duty, conversion
fee, market fee etc.
From 2005 till date, Bihar SIPB has given approval for various projects in the state of Bihar. The SIPB had
approved as many as 398 project proposals upto October, 2010 with proposed investment of Rs. 1.81
lakh crore and employment potential of 1.55 lakh.
The functioning of state investment promotion board (SIPB) was to simplify the process of making
investment in Bihar and setting up industrial plants in the state. Investors will have to take clearance first
from the SIPB and then from different concerning departments after getting approval from SIPB.

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9 URBAN GOVERNANCE & INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
9.1 Introduction
Bettiah town is managed by a number of institutions and agencies. This chapter lists the various agencies
involved in urban governance and highlights their functions. The first section outlines the institutional
arrangement of the city and the second section assesses the institution wise functions and
responsibilities.
9.2 Present Institutional Arrangement

Besides BMC, there is plethora of government agencies involved in city governance. The following section
lists the identified stakeholders and summarizes their institutional responsibilities.
The statutory authorities responsible for providing and maintaining infrastructure in Bettiah town
include:
 Bettiah Municipal Council (BMC)

 Public Health and Engineering Department (PHED)-Mechanical works
 Public Health and Engineering Department (PHED)-Civil works
 Public Works Department (PWD)-Road
 Public Works Department (PWD)-Building
 Town & Country Planning Department (TCPD)
 Urban Development and Housing Department (UDHD)
 Bihar State Pollution Control Board (BSPCB)
 Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation Ltd (BSTDC)
 Bihar State Road Transport Corporation (BSRTC)
 Bihar Police/ Traffic Police
 Bihar Electricity Board (BEB)
Table 9-1 Division of Responsibilities
SECTOR PLANNING & DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION O&M
Land use & Master Plan ---- ---- ----
City Planning ---- ---- ----
Water Supply PHED PHED PHED & BMC
Sewerage ---- ---- ----
Roads, Bridges, PWD, NHAI, BMC PWD, NHAI, BMC PWD, NHAI, BMC
Flyovers/ RoB, Parking
Traffic Control & Traffic Police Traffic Police Traffic Police
Management System
Public Transport System BSRTC BSRTC BSRTC, Private operators
Street Lighting BMC BMC, BEB BMC
Storm Water Drainage BMC BMC BMC

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SECTOR PLANNING & DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION O&M

Solid Waste BMC BMC BMC
Management
Parks/ Playgrounds BMC BMC BMC
Slum Development UDHD UDHD, BMC UDHD, BMC, NGOs &
CBOs
Housing UDHD UDHD UDHD
Air, water & noise BSPCB BSPCB BSPCB
pollution Control
Tourism BSTDC, Private BSTDC, Private Operator, BSTDC, Private Operator,
Operator, Hoteliers Hoteliers Hoteliers
Public Health MMC MMC (Licensing of BMC
restaurants, hotels, shops,
slaughter house)
Education Primary- DEO Primary- BMC & DEO Primary- BMC & DEO
Higher- DEO, Private Higher- DEO, Private Higher- DEO, Private
Source: BMC
9.3 Institutions Involved in Urban Development

9.3.1 Bettiah Municipal Council
Bettiah Municipal Council was established in 1869. It was divided into 25 wards as per Census of India,
2001. In 2007 the BMC was re-delineated into 39 wards.
The Bihar Municipal Bill, 2007, has described the functional domain of all the Municipalities which are
applicable to Bettiah Municipal Council as well. Hence, BMC functions are as follows:
1) Core Municipal Functions:

(a) To provide on its own, or arrange to provide through any agency, the following core municipal
services:
(i) Water supply for domestic, industrial, and commercial purposes,
(ii) Drainage and sewerage,

(iii) Solid waste management,
(iv) preparation of plans for development and social justice,
(v) Communication systems, construction and maintenance of roads, footpaths, pedestrian

pathways, transportation terminals, both for passengers and goods, bridges, over-bridges,
subways, ferries, and inland water transport system,
(iv) transport system accessories including traffic engineering schemes, street furniture, street
lighting, parking areas, and bus stops,
(vii) community health and protection of environment including planting and caring of trees on
road sides and elsewhere,
(viii) markets and slaughterhouses,

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(ix) promotion of educational, sports and cultural activities, and
(x) aesthetic environment, and
(b) to perform such other statutory or regulatory functions as may be provided by or under this Act
or under any other law for the time being in force.

(2) The Municipality may, having regard to its managerial, technical, financial and organizational capacity,
and the actual conditions obtaining in the municipal area, decide not to take up, or postpone, the
performance of, any of the functions as aforesaid.
(3) The State Government may direct the Municipality to perform any of the functions as aforesaid, if
such function is not taken up, or is postponed, by the Municipality.
(4) The Municipality may plan, build, operate, maintain or manage the infrastructure required for the
discharge of any of the functions, as aforesaid, either by itself or by any agency under any concession
agreement referred to in section 166.
Functions assigned by the government: The Municipality may, subject to the underwriting of the costs by,
and approval of, the Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be, undertake any
function belonging to the functional domain of the Central Government or the State Government, as the
case may be, and such functions may include primary education, curative health, transport, supply of
energy, arrangements for fire prevention and fire safety, and urban poverty alleviation :
Other functions : A Municipality may, having regard to the satisfactory performance of its core functions,
which shall constitute the first charge on the Municipal Fund, and subject to its managerial, technical and
financial capabilities, undertake or perform, or promote the performance of, any of the following
functions :-
(1) in the sphere of town planning, urban development and development of commercial infrastructure:
(a) planned development of new areas for human settlement,
(b) measures for beautification of the municipal area by setting up parks and fountains, providing
recreational areas, improving river banks, and landscaping
(c) collection of statistics and data, significant to the community, and
(d) integration of the development plans and schemes of the municipal area with the district or
regional development plan, if any;
(2) in the sphere of protection of environment,
(a) reclamation of waste lands, promotion of social forestry and maintenance of open spaces,
(b) establishment and maintenance of nurseries for plants, vegetables and trees and promotion of
greenery through mass participation,
(c) organization of flower-shows and promotion of flower-growing as a civic culture, and

(d) promotion of measures for abatement of all forms of pollution;

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(3) in the sphere of public health and sanitation :
(a) mass inoculation campaigns for eradication of infectious diseases,
(b) construction and maintenance of municipal markets and slaughterhouses and regulation of all
markets and slaughterhouses,
(c) reclamation of unhealthy localities, removal of noxious vegetation and abatement of all nuisances,
(d) maintenance of all public tanks and regulating the re-excavation, repair and up-keep of all private
tanks, wells and other sources of water-supply on such terms and conditions as the Municipality
may deem proper,
(e) construction and maintenance of cattle pounds,
(f) provision for unfiltered water-supply for non- domestic uses,
(g) advancement of civic consciousness of public health and general welfare by organizing discourses,
seminars and conferences, and
(h) measures for eradication of addiction of all kinds including addiction to drugs and liquor
(4) in the sphere of education and culture, -
(a) promotion of civic education, adult education, social education and non- formal education,
(b) promotion of cultural activities including music, physical education, sports and theatres and
infrastructure therefore,
(c) advancement of science and technology in urban life,
(d) publication of municipal journals, periodicals and souvenirs, purchase of books, and subscription
to 'C' journals, magazines and newspapers,
(e) installation of statues, portraits and pictures in appropriate manner,
(f) organization, establishment and maintenance of art galleries and botanical or zoological
collections, and
(g) maintenance of monuments and places of historical, artistic and other importance;
(5) in the sphere of public welfare, -
(a) establishment and maintenance of shelters, in times of drought, flood, earthquake, or other
natural technological disasters, and relief works, for, destitute persons within the limits of the
municipal area,
(b) construction or maintenance of, or provision of to, hospitals, dispensaries, asylums, rescue
homes, maternity houses, and child welfare centres,
(c) provision of shelter for the homeless,
(d) implementation programmes for liberation and rehabilitation of scavengers and their families,

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(e) organization of voluntary labour and co-ordination of activities of voluntary agencies for
community welfare, and
(f) campaigns for dissemination of such information, vital for public welfare; and
(6) in the sphere of community relations :

(a) civic receptions to persons of distinction and paying homage on death to persons of repute,
(b) organization and management of fairs and exhibitions, and

(c) dissemination of information of public interest.
Organizational Structure
The governance structure of BMC is divided into two wings viz., administrative wing and elected wing.
Bettiah has Chairman-in-Council system. Chairman in Council comprises 39 elected members from 39
wards, 3-co-opted members, 1 MLA and 1 MP. Chairman is the executive head of the urban local body
and is responsible for the governance of the body. Also, there are functional committees on various
subjects, namely executive committee, finance committee, health committee, building and works
committee, rules and byelaws committee, garage committee, license committee, house tax committee,
electric and public lighting committee.
Figure 9-1 Organizational Structure of Administrative set up in Urban Local body - Bettiah
The Nagar Parishad is an institution of the self-government which is a body corporate by the name of the
Commissioners with perpetual succession having a Board of Commissioners elected from each ward and
ex-officio members of the House of Council of State and Members of the State Legislative
Assembly/Council registered as electors within the Municipal area.

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The Chairman elected by the majority of Commissioners is the executive head of the Urban Local Body
and presides over the meetings of the Municipal Board and is responsible for governance of the body. To
assist the Nagar Parishads, various Standing Committees and Ward Committees are appointed.
The Executive Officer appointed by the State Government is a whole time principal executive officer of
the Nagar Parishads, for administrative control of the ULB. Other officers are also appointed to discharge
specific functions.
Functions of the EO include general supervision control over the officials of the ULB, organize board
meetings, get the budget estimates prepared, monitoring and implementation of schemes including
acting as the DDO of the ULB.
Minister (Urban Development &

Housing Department)
Nagar Parishad
Chairman
Ward Commissioner
Figure 9-2 Organizational Structure of relationship of ULB with the Elected Body
Functions
The Bettiah Municipal Council has been empowered by the provision of State Urban Local Bodies act to
perform certain obligatory and discretionary functions.
Table 9-2 Functions of Bettiah Municipal Council
Sl. No. Functions Remarks
1. Provision of water supply Obligatory
2. Provision of drainage and sewerage Obligatory
3. Provision of hospitals and dispensaries Obligatory
4. Construction and maintenance of roads Obligatory
5. Street lights Obligatory

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Sl. No. Functions Remarks
6. Establishing municipal markets Obligatory
7. Provision of fire services
8. Public vaccination Obligatory
9. Payment for anti-malarial and other projects of social services for Discretionary
improvement of public health
10. Provision of schools and hostels Obligatory
11. Establishment of technical training centre Discretionary
12. Planning social and economic development Obligatory
13. Slum improvement and upgradation Obligatory
14. Urban poverty alleviation Obligatory
15. Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of Discretionary

ecological aspects
16. Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects Discretionary
17. Burials and burial grounds, cremation ground and electric crematoria Discretionary
18. Regulation of slaughter houses Discretionary
19. Construction, maintaining and aiding libraries Discretionary

Source: Bihar Municipal Act, 2007
Table 9-3 Staffing pattern of BMC
Sl. No. Posts Sanctioned Posts Filled Posts Vacant Posts Contractual/ Temporary
1 PA 1 0 1 0
2 Junior Engineer 1 0 1 1
3 Head Clerk 4 1 3 0
4 Assistant 4 2 2 9

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Sl. No. Posts Sanctioned Posts Filled Posts Vacant Posts Contractual/ Temporary
5 Demand Notice Clerk 1 0 1 0
6 Tax Daroga 1 0 1 0
7 Assistant Tax Daroga 1 0 1 0
8 Establishment Assistant 1 0 1 0
9 Sanitary Inspector 1 0 1 0
10 Surveyor 1 1 0 0
11 Driver 2 2 0 0
12 Tax Collector 8 2 6 0
13 Ward Jamadar 8 4 4 0
14 Peon 20 9 11 5
15 Watchman 1 1 0 0
16 Light Coolie 1 1 0 0
17 Road Coolie 3 0 3 0
18 Vaccinator 1 1 0 0
19 Pest Control 1 1 0 0
20 Sweeper 179 92 87 175
Total 240 117 123 190
Source: BMC
There is lack of municipal staffs to cater the population of the town. Lack in human resource adversely
affects the developmental work of the town. Above table depicts that more than 50% of sanctioned posts
are vacant and 190 staffs are appointed on contractual basis.
9.3.2 PHED (Public Health Engineering Department)

Constitutional Framework and Organizational Structure
The PHED is the line department of the State Government of Bihar. It is a functional arm of the
government for provision of water supply throughout the state including urban water supply. The
Minister-In-Charge is the head of PHED. Secretary PHED oversees the functioning of Bihar Rajya Jal

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Parishad and PHED. BRJB is the advisory board to secretary for policy planning, project planning and
project financing. To perform its functions board has policy planning committee, empowered committee,
finance committee and technical committee. The technical, financial and accounts specialists assist these
committees.
Chief Engineer (head office), Chief Engineer (rural), Chief Engineer (Special projects) and Chief accounts
officer assists Secretary PHED in performing its functions. CEs are assisted by Addl. Chief Engineer
(region).
Functions
The PHED is responsible for provision of safe drinking water supply to city. This includes securing water
sources, treatment of water, transmission and distribution of water, providing water connections, billing
of water charges, disconnections of water charges, repair of damages, implementation of urban and rural
water supply projects, operation and maintenance of urban and rural water supply projects and water
quality testing and monitoring. The Department is also responsible for management of dams marked for
drinking water purpose and rainwater harvesting and creating water awareness.
Database and Information
The PHED manages data relating water supply and treatment. Information regarding the improvements
or projects implemented through special project generally is not promptly transferred to the department
creating the information gap. Also the water supply infrastructure created by PRDA and BHB are not
transferred frequently to the PHED. PHED does not use GIS and MIS for overall management of water
supply systems of region.
9.3.3 PWD (Public Works Department)

Constitutional Framework and Functions
The PWD is the line department of the State Government of Bihar. It is a functional arm of the
government for providing road infrastructure (roads, bridges, flyover, underpass, pathways road over
bridge etc), departmental building works, conservation of historical monuments and buildings. PWD
(Bettiah) is responsible for maintenance and construction of State Highways, District Roads, other district
roads and village roads within MRDA region.
9.4 Urban Reforms

Urban reforms are the focus of good governance and service delivery to the inhabitants of the urban
area. Several initiatives have been taken up at national level like 74th Constitutional Amendment Act and
Model municipal law. In conformation to these initiatives, the state of Bihar has also initiated various
reforms to facilitated good governance at all levels and subsequently the process of development in the
state. The gist of all these reforms and their respective status has been tabulated below.

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9.4.1 State level reforms Agenda
Reform Status
Implementation of 74th CAA Achieved
Integration of Planning and Delivery Achieved

functions
Reform in Rent Control/Municipal Law has
Reform in Rent Control been finalized and is expected to be placed
before the Assembly in the winter session
Stamp Duty has been brought down from the

Rationalization of Stamp Duty (reduction to existing 18% to 10% in May 2006 with a target
5%) to reach 5%.
Repeal of ULCRA Achieved. Repealed in August 2006.
Byelaws have been amended in April 2006 to

incorporate structural safety norms.
Revision of Building Byelaws to streamline
In order to attract investments in multiplexes
the approval process
and malls, building byelaws, cinema rules have
been amended in August 2006.
Revision of building byelaws to make Rain Byelaws have been amended in April 2006 to
Water Harvesting mandatory in all incorporate rain water harvesting.
Rules and regulations for simplification legal

Simplification of Legal and Procedural and procedural frameworks for conversion of
frameworks for Conversion of Agricultural agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes
Land for Non-agricultural purposes of has been finalized and is expected to be
placed before the Assembly in the next session
State government has initiated computerized

Introduction of Computerized Process of registration of land and property title
Registration of Land and Property certification
In several ULBs PPP projects have been

Encouraging PPP experimented starting with garbage disposal,
street lighting, construction of bus stands, etc.

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Implementation of the constitution (74th) amendment act, 1992

Status of implementation of the Act
1. Constitution of municipalities
2. Reservation of seats for women, SCs and STs
3. Constitution of District Planning Committees (DPCs) 
4. Constitutions of Metropolitan Planning committees (MPCs)
5. Incorporation of 12th Schedule into the state municipal act
If 12th schedule has been incorporated into the state municipal act, has it been incorporated fully or
partially?
Fully Partially
Please indicate which of the functions of schedule 12 have been incorporated into the state
municipal act and transferred to ULBs:
S. NO. FUNCTION LISTED IN 12TH SCHEDULE YES NO

1 Urban Planning including town planning
2 Regulation of land use and construction of building
3 Planning for economic and social development
4 Road and bridges
5 Water supply – domestic, industrial and commercial
6 Public health, sanitation, conservancy and SWM
7 Fire services
8 Urban forestry, protection of environment and ecology
9 Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections society including the
handicapped and mentally retarded
10 Slum improvement and up gradation
11 Urban poverty alleviation
12 Provision of urban amenities and facilities – parks, gardens and
playgrounds
13 Promotion of cultural, educational, and aesthetic aspects
14 burial grounds, cremation ground and electric crematorium
15 Cattle ponds, prevention of cruelty to animals
16 Vital statistics including registration of birth and deaths
17 Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and
public conveniences
18 Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries
Has the transfer of functions been accompanied by transfer of staff?
Yes No 
If no, has the ULB been given the power to recruit staff for managing the transferred functions?
Yes No 

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Give a time – schedule for transferring the 12th schedule function to the ULB
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7
City Planning Function
In compliance with the 74th CAA the state of Bihar has adopted the three tier system of government and
the aforesaid reforms have already been brought into picture. These reforms have to be enacted at the
ULB level for good governance and development to take place in the urban areas. Few of these have
been adopted by the MMC also and the rest are underway. The status of ULB level reforms and the
functions transferred to MMC have been discussed in this section, in the light of 74th CAA, its 12th
schedule and the Bihar Municipal bill, 2007.
Bettiah town has Municipal Council to perform the functions of the urban local body (ULB). The
Municipality is responsible for the city planning function, provision and management of city level public
transport, solid waste management and sanitation, street lights, ponds / water bodies, parks, open
spaces and fire services. Birth and death registration statistics is also maintained by BMC.
Although the functions related to water supply are still with PHED but the process of transferring these
functions to BMC is in process. The function of inter-city roads including their management, maintenance
are with BMC, whereas the roads which are part of State highways or major district roads come under
PWD and NHAI is responsible for the national highways running through Bettiah town.
The city has no organized and planned bus stop/ taxi stands, slaughter house, tannery and parking lots.
These functions should also be taken up by BMC. Also there are certain reforms which are proposed in
the CDP that need to be taken up by the ULB.
9.4.2 Proposed Urban Reforms ULB Level

FINANCIAL & TAXATION REFORMS
 Accrual Based Double Entry Book Keeping Accounting System
 Outsourcing of Services & PPP
 Total Computerization of Accounts With Balance Sheet
 Approaching Debt Free Financial Administration
 User Charges
 Efficient Tax Collection
 Life time vehicle tax
ADMINISTRATIVE & TECHNOLOGICAL REFORMS

 Micro and Macro Action plans
 Transparency in administration
 Training to employees
 e-Governance & GIS

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 Biometrics attendance system

ENVIRONMENT IMPROVEMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT REFORMS
 Establishment of environment monitoring committee in city

 Strengthened relief & rescue system
CONTINUOUS MONITORING SYSTEM
Monitoring within BMC should be done at four levels, namely, corporation level, zone level, ward level
and on the field. The standing committee should meet once in a week with the Executive officer, wherein
all the heads to discuss their problems issues and mitigation measures if possible, to be done on daily
basis.
COMPLAINT MONITORING SYSTEM
At the ward level, all complaints to be lodged in a register and a complaint lodger is given different
coloured cards for different purposes. Complaint mitigation to be carried out within a specific time period
– with a minimum of 24 hours and the upper limit of a week.
IMPROVED SUPPORTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE
Communication has to be far more efficient. Officials should be provided with vehicles fitted with
wireless sets and should use it to pass information to the zonal commissioner, if they find anything
wrong, and are expected to visit the nearest ward officer instruct the related person to attend to a
particular job.
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Each locality to choose a member on a voluntary basis, and he/ she in turn interact with the BMC and try
to mitigate the problems at the earliest. It should be an attempt to take management to the masses.
Computerization
 To develop MIS (Management information system) for the analysis of business processes of
various departments of BMC and to design the information system for the same.
 To procure the hardware and peripherals necessary to operate various computerized systems
through tendering and providing it to the end users.
 To organise the training of employees and officers for subjects related to information technology
and computerisation
 To Impart training to the users of various systems developed at BMC
 To Provide support and maintenance to various hardware systems and peripherals and to the
systems developed at BMC
 To Design and develop the internet and intranet website of BMC
The website should have wide-ranging details regarding the progress of various development projects
taken up by BMC. The site should also facilitate downloading of forms related to shops and
establishments, property tax assessment, water supply connections, land & estate, birth & death
registration, town development, drainage connections. The website should also facilitate online
complaint lodging and status check of the complaints. It should also provide the property tax structure,
which consists of the water charges, water taxes, conservancy taxes and general taxes; allows one to

CITY DEVELOPMENT
check the status one’s outstanding property tax and look at the budget for the ongoing financial year.
New tenders that are floated by the BMC are put on the website for public information.
Accounting Reform
What system of accounting does the ULB follow?
Cash-based, single entry 
Modified accrual
Accrual, double entry
If it is accrual, double entry- based, since when has this system been followed? Year
If cash-based or modified accrual, give a time schedule for change over to accrual, double entry
system.
E-Governance Applications (using IT, GIS and MIS)
Has there been any initiative towards the use of E-governance applications or setting up of
an E-governance cell within the ULB?
Yes No 
REFORM TIME LINE
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
6 mns 1 year 6 mns 2year 6 mns 3 year 6 mns 4 year 6 mns 5 year
E-Governance
Assess existing IT
initiatives
Develop options to
introduce e- Governance
Develop service delivery
strategy
Assessment of functional

CITY DEVELOPMENT
REFORM TIME LINE
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
6 mns 1 year 6 mns 2year 6 mns 3 year 6 mns 4 year 6 mns 5 year
requirement
Develop technical
options
Project management
Framework---
implementation
framework
Explore PPP options SWM, Bus Stand, Advertisement or Hording, Meditation Centre, Resort, Adventure
Tourism
Initiate City website
Provision of Power
backup for E-
Governance
Services using E-governance

a. Property Tax
b. Water Tax
c. Licenses Rent
d. Birth and Death
e. Accrual Based Accounting System
f. Building Permission
g Scanning and indexing of documents
h Social securities pension schemes
i Connectivity
j Call centre
k GIS
Property Tax Reform
Achieving the target of 90% tax collection to tax demanded?


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REFORM TIME LINE
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Type of 6 mns 1 6 mns 2 6 mns 3 year 6 mns 4 6 5 year 6 5

Reform year year year mns mns year
Use of IT
Survey of
100%
property
Tax
assessment
(ensuring full
coverage)
Use of GIS
for Detailed
property
survey
Improve tax
recovery
Achieve full
taxation &
recovery
Levy of user charges

Achieving cost recovery target (sent percent O & M recovery)

REFORM TIME LINE
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Type of Reform 6 mns 1 year 6 mns 2 year 6 mns 3 year 6 mns 4 year 6 mns 5 year
Assess O&M
cost for water

CITY DEVELOPMENT
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Type of Reform 6 mns 1 year 6 mns 2 year 6 mns 3 year 6 mns 4 year 6 mns 5 year
supply /
sanitation /
street lighting
Reviewing
existing tax
rates and
structure
Working out
strategy for full
recovery of
O&M cost
Regularizing of
Illegal water
connection
Leakage
detection &
minimizing the
wastage of
water
Repairing &
replacing of old
pipelines &
pumps
Achieving sent
percent O&M
cost recovery
Other services
Services User Charges
1. Sewerage 
X
2. Street Lighting

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Achieving cost recovery (full O&M recovery)

Services to the urban poor
Percentage of households living in slum areas 45%
Percentage of households living in slum areas without access to

Municipal Water Supply
*
Sanitation
*
Primary education
*
Primary health
*
*to be concluded after completion of Slum Survey being conducted by SPUR
Reaching of services to the urban poor
Internal earmarking of budget for the urban poor


REFORM TIME LINE
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Type of Reform 6 mns 1 year 6 2 6 mns 3 year 6 mns 4 6 mns 5

mns year year year
Year marking
budget share for
urban poor
GIS mapping
Involvement of
community
Involvement of SWM

CITY DEVELOPMENT
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Type of Reform 6 mns 1 year 6 2 6 mns 3 year 6 mns 4 6 mns 5

mns year year year
PPP
Subsidized
Services
Optional Reform Agenda

Revision of bye-laws to streamline the approval process for construction of building, development of sites
etc. (Already revised in the state of Bihar)
Time Schedule

Simplification of legal and procedural framework for conversion of agriculture land for non-agriculture
purpose
Time schedule

Preparation of fringe area guideline and notification

Introduction of property title certification system in ULBs
Time Schedule

Earmarking at least 20-25 percent of development land in all housing projects (both public and private
agencies) for EWS/LIG category with a system of cross subsidization
Time Schedule

Introduction of computerized process of registration of land and property
Time Schedule


CITY DEVELOPMENT
Revision of byelaws to make rain-water harvesting mandatory in all buildings to come up in future
and for adoption of water conservation measures
Time Schedule

Bye-laws on reuse of reclaimed water
Time Schedule

Administrative reform
Reduction in establishment by introducing voluntary retirement schemes, non-filling vacant due to

retirement etc., and achieving specified milestones in this regard
Time Schedule

Structural Reforms
Time Schedule

Encouraging Public, Private, Participation
Time Schedule

9.5 Issues & Strategies
S. NO ASPECTS ISSUES STRATEGY & POTENTIAL

1 Functions  BMC is the core organization  Encourage coordination and
governing the planning and cooperation among various
management of the city and its departments within the city.
planning area.  Encourage proper management of
rural areas.
 BMC has no department for spatial
 Encourage e-governance -
Planning and implementing building
Development of database to hasten
bye laws and development control
decision making and speed up
rules.
projects.
 There are other numerous  Increase transparency by visibility of
departments that facilitate the service micro and macro level data, functions
delivery mechanism such as PHED, and decision in all departments.
PWD, Police etc. Thus, the presence of

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multiple departments has created the
issue of multiplicity.
 Overlapping of functions of various
departments.
 Lack of proper infrastructure and staff
in BMC. 123 posts are presently lying
vacant.
 Panchayats are responsible for
management of rural areas. If not
properly planned, these areas may
turn to urban villages or slums in
years to come.

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10 MUNICIPAL FINANCE
10.1Introduction
This chapter presents an analysis of the municipal finances of BMC involved in the provision of urban
services outlining trends in receipts and expenditures over the last two years vis-a-vis FY2008-09 to
FY2009-10. This Section contains a description of the municipal finances, the sources and uses of funds
and an assessment of municipal finances based on important financial indicators.
The financial status of BMC has been analyzed. The account heads were differentiated and were
categorized based on budget heads. For the purpose of financial assessment, financial data pertaining to
the last two years (2008-09 to 2009-10) have been recast into a standard format.
10.2Existing Financial Situation

BMC has been assigned a range of functions related to the provision of public services. They strive to
meet the costs of constructing and maintaining these services and facilities. The revenue receipts
comprise of own sources (taxes and non-taxes) of the BMC as well as grants. Capital receipts comprise
revenues earned from sale of land, general grants from state and central governments and various loans.
Revenues are raised to cover capital investments and recurrent revenue expenditures. The raised
revenues must be utilized to attain the needs of the public as well as to enhance the development of the
city as a whole. The expenditure comprises infrastructure works, slum upgradation, salaries, wages,
establishment, operations & maintenance, interest, debt servicing, loan repayments and refunds.
MUNICIPAL FINANCES
Expenditure Income
Capital Expenditure Revenue Expenditure Government Grants or Tax Revenue/ Non

Compensation Tax Revenue
Figure 10-1 Structure of BMC Finances
10.3Receipts
Receipts under the Revenue Account include taxes and fees, grants, water charges, income from
properties, consolidated charges & fees and other income.
General heads of internal sources are:

CITY DEVELOPMENT
 General tax and other taxes levied by the municipality such as house tax, consolidated tax, land
and shop tax, etc. as applicable,
 Income under special acts such as receipts in the form of food and license fee,
 Income from properties- rent receipts from lands, buildings, and other properties,
 Income from municipal services such as receipts from water supply charges and fees from other
services (health and hospital, public health, etc) and
 Miscellaneous income heads such as income from investments, sale proceeds, etc.
External fund sources include revenue grants from State and Central Governments, loans and
contributions received for projects.
Expenditure incurred towards establishment cost, operation and maintenance expenditure for provision
of services and repayment of loans are treated as revenue expenditure and expenditure towards asset
creation and investments towards new projects or purchase of equipment etc are treated as capital
expenditure.
The accounts were converted to a common format for the purpose of analysis and further projections.
The items of each fund are categorized under the following major heads:
Municipal Rates and taxes

 Other taxes
 Assigned revenue
 Service charges and fees
 Grants and contribution
 Sale and hire charges
 Other income
Revenues are raised to cover capital investments and recurrent revenue expenditures. The raised
revenues must be utilized to attain the needs of the public as well as enhance the development of the
city as a whole. The expenditure comprises infrastructure works, slum upgradation, salaries, wages,
establishment, operations & maintenance, interest, debt servicing, loan repayments and refunds.
Table 10-1 Income Profile of BMC, 2008-10
Sl. No. Income Source 2008-09 2009-10
1 Opening Balance 18662655 45109939
2 Receipt from Municipal fund source 33263737 3969618
3 Receipt from Govt. for Remuneration 30260194
4 Receipt from Current plan 15049000 5279143

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Sl. No. Income Source 2008-09 2009-10
5 Proposed Receipt from Govt. for proposed new plan & programme 3908148 5477104
Total 101143734 59835804
Source: BMC
Figure 10-2 Income sources of BMC, 2009-10
10.4 Expenditure
Table 10-2 Expenditure Profile of BMC, 2008-10
Sl. No. Items 2008-09 2009-10

1 Officials and Employees 54075625 20171988
2 Stationery & Certificate 28412 302869
3 Law charges 8128 43515
4 Office Equipment 60720
5 Expansion of Administrative Building 32676 7763495
6 Advertisement 261936 131363
7 Purchase of Vehicles 3423504
8 Cleaning & Sweeping 345394 510796
9 Water Supply 1955322
10 Current plan & programs 10587441 19914039
11 Proposed plan & program 22243423 2370912
Total 91067259 53164299
Source: BMC

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Figure 10-3 Expenditure of BMC, 2009-10
Table 10-3 Summary of financial profile of BMC, 2008-10
Sl. No. Particulars 2008-09 2009-10
1 Total Income 101143734 59835804
2 Total Expenditure 91067259 53164299
3 Total Surplus 10076475 6671505
10.5Issues & strategies

1 Revenue  Government grants are the major  Billing of services can provide revenue
Sources revenue sources for BMC. However, sources
the local body are unable to utilize  Regular payment of property tax.
these sources to their optimum level.  Payment for water supply-
metering option for various uses.
 Payment for electricity supply.
 Payment for garbage disposal.
 Payment for other services
provided by BMC.
 Revenues for the BMC can be further
utilized for O & M to enhance services.
 Regulation of activities by enforcing
byelaws can add to revenue.

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11 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
11.1 Introduction
Stakeholders play a very important part during the preparation of the CDP and are integral to the CDP
process. They provide invaluable inputs regarding the city and its positives as well as shortcomings. This
section communicates the participatory process adopted for the preparation of Bettiah City Development
Plan. The VSPL team started the assignment with the preliminary reconnaissance survey followed by data
collection along with preliminary stakeholder consultations. A city level steering group was formulated to
oversee the overall progress of CDP. Three workshops were conducted to invite maximum inputs from all
kinds of stakeholders.
11.2 City Stakeholder Profile

Various stakeholder groups were identified during the Reconnaissance Survey. Two core groups of
stakeholders were identified:
1. Primary Stakeholders, beneficiaries of a development intervention or those directly affected

(positively or negatively) by it. They include local population (resource persons, community,
students etc.) in the project/program area, poor and marginalized groups who have traditionally
been excluded from participating in development efforts such as katchi basti and slum dwellers,
and organizations such as NGOs, trader’s organizations, hoteliers and other associations.
2. Secondary Stakeholders, those who influence a development intervention or are indirectly
affected by it. They include the borrowing government, line ministry and project staff,
implementing agencies, local governments, civil society organizations, private sector firms and
other development agencies.
11.3 Steering Committee

City Level Steering Group (CLSG) is yet to be formed and finalized which shall be done after the Elections.
The CLSG needs to include at least seven eminent persons from public, private and civil society
organization and representatives of urban poor government.
Table 11-1 City level Steering Group
Steering Group Committee Members

1. Chairperson, Municipal Council Bettiah Chairman
2. MLA, Bettiah Member

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Steering Group Committee Members

3. Executive Officer, Municipal Council Bettiah Member
4. District Planning Officer, Member
5. Executive Engineer, PWD, Road Division Member
6. Executive Engineer, PHED Member
7. Representative of NGO/ CBOs Member
11.4 Stakeholder Consultations

A number of meetings were carried out. Meetings were held with the following officials to acquaint them
about CDP, collection of required data, preparation of list of Stakeholders and Stakeholder Consultation.
The official met included the following:
 Mr. Vinay Thakur Senior Deputy Collector (Bettiah Municipal Council)
 Mr. Deepak Kumar Tiwari, City Manager (Bettiah Municipal Council)

 Mr. Ramchander Prashad Head Clerk (Bettiah Municipal Council)
 Mr. Manoj Kumar, Computer Operator (Bettiah Municipal Council)
 Mr. Raman, Computer Operator (Bettiah Municipal Council)

 Mr. Ashish Bhatt, Reporter Hindustan
 Mr. Raja Hussain, Manager (Amar Jyoti Travellers)
 Mr. George Fernandes, Transporter(Seet Basant Travelers)
 Ret Eng. A.K. Sinha, Secretary, Bhartiya Manav Vikas Sanshthan (NGO)
 Mr. Sumit Ranjan, District Coordinator Bhartiya Manav Vikas Sanshthan (NGO)
 Mr. Ranjan Verma, Manger Nav Sandesh (NGO)
 Mr. Vinod Natt, Mr. Ramnagina Prashad, Mr. Krishan Nath Natt (Slum Dwellers)

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Meeting with Senior Deputy Collector Meeting with Chairman & Wards Members
Consultation with Transporters Consultation with Bhartiya Manav Vikas Sanshthan(NGO)
Meeting with City manager Consultation with Slum Dwellers

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11.5 Outcome of Consultation Programme

The major issues in the city have been highlighted by various stakeholders as listed below.
Issues/ Suggestions
Environment
Increasing pollution level in the city because of growth in vehicular population and industries.
Plantations needed for dense forests.
Alternative new sources of energy should be developed.
There should be at least ten parks in the city on BOT basis.
For water conservation, the main ponds of city such as Sagar Pokhar, Durga bagh Pokhar etc.
should be maintained.
Roads & Transportation
A grade separator should be provided in the NH 28B.
Lack of traffic management; no signalized intersections and the traffic police is untrained;
mobile task force should be introduced to check traffic and encroachment.
Construction of bypass and ring road should be for thorough traffic in NH 28 B.
Construction of bypass to reduce traffic coming in the core city.
There should be installation of solar traffic signals at every main road junction.
PCC roads are not levelled properly and are in dilapidated condition.
Encroachment along all the major roads should be checked.
Widening and improvement of road cross-sections in major roads.
Stand post for halting of auto should be provided and halting of autos in the junction should
be avoided.
Removal of street lights and telephone poles which stand in the middle of the road.
Obstructions in front of the roads should be removed.
Provision of infrastructure (like community toilets, safe drinking water, passenger shelter,
ATM, refreshment shops, security, etc.) should be provided in bus stand.
Urgent requirement of police post near bus stand.
Encroachment of roads and other land should be checked.
There should be arrangement of separate cable trench in the city to avoid road digging.
Construction of approach road to industrial area.
Water Supply, Sewerage & Drainage, Electricity and Other Services
All wards should be provided with piped water supply.
Unsafe drinking water supply from the Municipal Council.
Underground water is being polluted due to disposal of waste and sewage openly near the
source of water.
Water treatment plant should be constructed.
Water logging in Ward no. 32,33,35,36.
Problem in draining water out of the town. Pumping system should be introduced as pilot
project to overcome this problem.
Old wells should be repaired.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Issues/ Suggestions
Sewerage system should be provided in town.
Public toilets should be constructed in every slum.
Uninterrupted electricity supply should be provided
De-silting of various drains and pokhar is required.
Provision of waste collection bins at suitable fixed locations.
Permanent dumping site needed.
Rainwater Harvesting should be compulsory for all households.
Housing
Proper arrangement of housing for slum dwellers.
All residents living in kutcha houses should get pucca houses
Social and Economic Aspects
Dispensary and clinics are scattered all around the city. It should be checked and improved.
All residents should get benefit of Ration Cards for subsidy on food and civil supply
Cottage/ small scale industries should be promoted for lach bangle manufacturing.
Illegal sale of liquor and drugs should be stopped
Higher education institutes are needed to upgrade.
Employment opportunities should be provided to educated people.
A planned market should be constructed.
Traffic management and provision of infrastructure in main commercial areas.
Community Hall should be constructed in every ward.
Good cinema halls and public recreation places should be developed.
Upgradation of stadium.
Police patrolling should be increased in all wards.
Renovation and maintenance of town hall is required.
Tourism
Government should promote providing tourist infrastructure to the regional tourist spots.
Town’s image and aesthetic look should be improved to boost tourism.
Airport should be developed to promote tourism.
Governance & Other Aspects
Public participation should be ensured in Town Development Planning.
Public awareness is required regarding their duties and sanitation.
There should be one implementing agency for development of infrastructure in Municipal
limits to avoid coordination problems in multi-agencies.
Poor coordination between ULB and parastatal agencies.
Unauthorized development should be stopped in the city.
New areas are also developing haphazardly; ULB should initiate action against it.
No regulation is introduced to support Municipality Act, 2007.

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11.6 Workshop Proceedings

11.6.1 Kick off Workshop in Bettiah
Venue: Maharani Janaki Kuwar Nagar Bhawan
Time: 11 AM onwards
Date: January 7, 2011
The workshop commenced with a welcome address by Mr. H. Vaz, Social Expert, VSPL. He welcomed all
participants and briefly explained the salient features of a CDP.
The District Magistrate, Dr. B. Rajendra was invited to share his ideas regarding the plan. He suggested
that the following sectors should be addressed:
1. Traffic
2. Encroachments
3. Solid Waste Management
4. The Town Hall should be better maintained
5. Earthquake prone areas should be studied and disaster management techniques should be
upgraded.
Mr. Binesh Kr. Nirman, Urban Planner, Voyants Solutions Pvt. Ltd. gave a presentation on CDP. The
presentation covered the following:
Framework of the CDP.

What is CDP?
Why CDP?
Benefits of CDP
Scope of work of the CDP.
Stakeholders.
Steering Committee.
CDP methodology.
Basic problem of the city at present.
After the presentation various participants made the following suggestions that need to be included in
the CDP:
Ms. Chanchana Trivedi suggested that Bettiah is well placed to become a tourist destination and should
pay attention to tourism development given the many Water Bodies in the area.
Another participant presented water logging as a major problem and a health hazard as water logging
provides a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Fogging machine is a must for the city.
He suggested that there should be proper drainage system with ‘nalas’ that can dispose off the surface
water run-off into River Kodha.
Solid Waste Management was next to nil in the city.
Tongas have become a traffic nuisance in the city and should be banned.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Transport and traffic have become haphazard and so has parking. These need to be addressed
systematically.
Drinking water supply needs to be enhanced and drinking water quality should be monitored regularly.
Sewerage pipes have become old and need to be replaced.

The District Development Authority representative asserted that there is lack of planning and attention
should be paid to proper planning, especially, to the Master Plan.
The District Transport Authority representative suggested that an adequate area should be allocated for a
proper Transport Nagar in Bettiah.
He explained that there is only one exit from the Railway station and hence, the traffic jams. An
alternative to this problem should be addressed in the CDP.
Proper and adequate parking places should be planned and included in the CDP.
Building construction regulations are hardly followed in the city. Building construction laws should be
applied before passing of building/construction plans.
Between departments of the Nagar Parishad there is no coordination or proper planning. Hence, conflicts
arise in any systematic development work. A coordinating committee is a must for the city under the
leadership of the DM so that coordinated work implementation can be initiated.
Mr. Binesh of VSPL then thanked all the participants for attending the workshop and giving their valuable
suggestion which will be included in the CDP.
Photographs of 1st workshops
Participants of workshop

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Participants of workshop & Social Expert Mr. H.Vaz, VSPL Team,Gurgaon
Presentation made by Mr. Binesh Kr Nirman Urban Planner VSPL, Gurgaon
Address by DDC

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Address by District Magistrate Dr. B. Rajendra (L) and by Executive Engineer (R)
Coverage of the 1st Workshop in the Local Print Media highlighting the salient features of the workshop
and the proposed benefits of the CDP for the town

CITY DEVELOPMENT
11.6.2 2nd Workshop on Issues, Strategies & City Vision: Bettiah

Venue: Nagar Parishad Bhawan
Time: 11 AM onwards
Date: February 23, 2011
The meeting started with Mr. Vaz of VSPL welcoming all the participants to the 2 nd CDP Workshop. He
then briefly recapped the proceedings of the first workshop and then went on to explain the contents of
the 2nd Workshop and asked the participants to pay attention to the contents of the PPT Presentation and
later during the discussion session, make their observation or fill in gaps if any.
Mr. Binesh Kr. Nirman, Urban Planner, VSPL made an introductory speech regarding the CDP of Bettiah.
He had gave a presentation on the city specific issues and strategies.
After the presentation was completed, Mr. Vaz asked the participants to respond and give their
suggestions.
The City Manager, Mr. Deepak Tiwari:
expressed appreciation for the presentation made,

said that it has helped to see the preparation of the CDP Plan as a planning instrument,
Suggested taking a comprehensive view of the existing situation of all the sectors.
Added that they needed more time to fill in the various questionnaire formats that were given in
the folders.
The Chairman, Mr. Mohammed Anis
Clarified that there was only one River in Bettiah named Chandrawat or Kohada
But traditionally this one and only river has been given different names in different areas.
He stated that safe drinking water was the biggest problem of Bettiah.
The water supply system, he said, was over 40 years old to the best of his knowledge.
Pipelines have become rusty and broken in many places as a result of which the supply water
gets mixed with the drainage water thus polluting the piped water supply.
Residents who cannot afford their own wells get water from their neighbours.
One of the participants that had worked on the water supply infrastructure reinforced the statement of
the Chairman, and others in the meeting joined in and requested that:
The whole water distribution network should be a new one, which would, in the circumstances,
be a lot more cost effective and efficient, rather than repairing or renewing the old supply line as
suggested in the presentation.
Repairing or renewing the old system would mean digging upto 7 feet, removing the pipes and
then replacing them with new ones.
Additionally, the land over the underground pipelines has been encroached and removing the
encroachments will be a time consuming process.
Hence, there is need for a completely new system of water distribution.
Only one OHT is working from among the existing four.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
The six pumping stations that exist, supply water only to certain colonies and not the whole city
as such.
People living in the bastis have to make do by borrowing water or if they can afford it, have a
hand pump.
The Chairman also informed the participants that for over two years now a DPR has been prepared
for the water distribution system worth approximately Rs. 7.4 crores and has been sent to the PHED
department, but no action has been taken thus far by the government.
Solid waste management is another project that has to be taken on a priority basis.
Hand trolleys, cycle rickshaws have to be in place for an organized collection of solid wastes.
A proper dumping ground also has to be identified.
Electricity supply is another major problem.
One of the councillors felt that due to lack of electricity many small and large industries in the
area have moved out of Bettiah.
Electricity supply should be yet another priority for Bettiah, if industries in the Mansatola
Industries have to be rejuvenated.
Sewerage system needs to be revamped.
Open drains with no proper outlets lead to waste going into the drains often blocking them and
causing overflow at some places, flooding of roads have become routine in Bettiah.
Proper channelisation of drains needs to be in place on a priority basis.
Religious Tourism can be a boon to the region’s economy given temples at Ramnagar Joda Shivalaya,
Someshwar mandir, Kali Bag and others within a radius of 300 Kms from Gaya.
The tourist potential cannot be tapped due to:

Lack of good roads.
Lack of good hotels where tourists, both foreign and Indian, can stay.
Lack of other infrastructure such as shopping centres,
Lack of parking spaces.
The EO and City Manager requested that whatever plans are made should be grounded in reality and not
utopian with little chance of implementation.
They also requested that HR should be given importance at the Municipality level.
The present manpower at the BMC was not only negligible but not well trained or qualified for
that matter.
Along with the projects, adequate training should be budgeted for institutional capacity building.
The EO felt that despite the efforts he is making to have PPP on a few projects, people who have
the capacity are not coming forward due to the lack of manpower in the corporation.
Also over the years the corporates have lost trust in the Municipal Corporations and its officials.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Mr. Pradeep Kumar Srivastava suggested that
There should be a separate market zone in Bettiah to decongest the city roads.
Traffic problems should be addressed to remove road congestions and jams.
A park for children should be made part of the CDP as there is no park in the City.
Mr. Vaz thanked the participants for their participation and requested that they should be present for the
next workshop in full force and contribute towards making a good and viable CDP for Bettiah.
2nd WORKSHOP PHOTOGRAPHS
Presentation made by Mr. Binesh Kr Nirman, Urban Planner VSPL, Gurgaon & other participants
Participants of workshop

CITY DEVELOPMENT
11.6.3 3rd Workshop on Project Formulation

Venue: Nagar Parishad Bhawan
Time: 11 AM onwards
Date: February 28, 2011
The workshop commencement by Honourable Chairman Mr. Md. Anis Akhtar with Mr. Binesh Kr.
Nirman and Mr. Vikas Singh, VSPL addressing the stakeholders
Projects formulation of the CDP are highlighted in the presentation
The meeting started with Mr. Binesh Kumar Nirman, Planner of VSPL welcoming the Honorable Chairman
Shri. Anish Akhtar, Shri. Narottam Kumar Member MNRE, Govt of India, Mr. Shiv Anugrah Mishra, M.F
DFID Muzaffarpur, Mr. Sudhanshu Shekher I.T & Engineering section, DFID Muzaffarpur, honorable Ward
Councilors, officials of the Municipal Council. He thanked the participants for coming to the workshop
and giving their precious time to attend the workshop. Mr. Binesh Kumar Nirman gave the introductory
process & methodology of City Development Plan then Mr.Vikas Singh, Planner of VSPL presented the 3rd
workshop presentation on project identification for Bettiah.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
The Honorable Chairman Shri. Anis Akhtar then addressed the meeting as follows:
He first introduced the VSPL team members and asserted that VSPL is a professional technical firm that
has been assigned the task of working on 6 CDPs in Bihar. He then went on to elaborate on what needs to
be included in the CDP projects as follows:
Given the availability of raw material in form of cow dung, vegetable waste, Hotel waste, meat
waste and other wastes he expressed that Gasifier plants can be introduced both in the city and
the surrounding rural.
There should also be provision in the CDP for Old Age Homes.
Conservation of Ponds, Temple & beautification of the same should form part of the CDP. Some
ponds mentioned are as follows:
Bada Ramana, Bada Ramna Stadium, Shiv temple in Piounibagh, Durga Bagh temple, Sant ghat,
Hari Vatika Shiv Temple, Raj High School, Madhav Pul Math, Sariya Man, Haridya Kothi.
Conservation of Town hall & Maharaja Library.
Thrust on Bettiah Raj land availability for different projects of CDP.
Dr. Daroga Prashad Chaudhary ward Commissioner of 32 welcomed the idea that a CDP was taking place
in the city of Bettiah.
He also requested the VSPL Planners as to how they can include in the CDP ways and means to
increase the revenue of the Council through ‘Chungis’ and other such practices that are prevalent
in Maharashtra for instance.
He also suggested that the water pipelines are in a very bad condition in the whole town and they
should be checked out.
He also suggested that development of tourist places in the city as well as outside the city should
be incorporated in the CDP.
He also emphasised on the issue of land availability, lands belonging to the former Bettiah Raj,
could be used for development of different projects of CDP & gave suggestion on Court of Wards
for land availability in the town.
Shri Irshad Akhtar (Dulara) ward Commissioner of 12 welcomed the idea that:-
In Bettiah there are many ponds & temple so it should be incorporated in CDP as a Conservation
& beautification of Ponds & Temples such as Bada Ramana, Shiv temple in Piounibagh, Durga
Bagh temple, Sant Ghat, Hari Vatika Shiv Temple, Madhav Pul Math, Sariya Man, Machli Lok &
Madhavpur Man.
He also suggested that there are no parks in the city so it should be incorporated in the CDP to
develop park for every ward.
Shri. Narottam Kumar Member MNRE, Govt of India welcomed the idea that:-

CITY DEVELOPMENT
The availability of raw material in form of cow dung, vegetable waste, Rice husk, Hotel waste,
meat waste and other wastes he expressed that Gasifire plants can be introduced both in the city
and the surrounding rural.
He suggested that installation of Gasifier plants for 1 Maga Watt to 15 mega watt the cost of
Gasifire is around 1 Crore.
He suggested that CDP is the best project for development in Bihar.
He also thanked the Bihar Govt. for selecting Bettiah for preparation of City Development Plan.
He also suggested that there is big forest area in west Champaram called Valmike Nagar earlier it
was very affected by naxalites but changing of Govt. now it is safe for tourism development as a
tourist destination for the town & can generate revenue.
Mr. Binesh Kumar Nirman, Urban Planner, VSPL then thanked the participants for their proactive and
meaningful participation and helping VSPL to fill in the gaps with their local experiential knowledge, and
encouraged them to come better prepared for the next workshop in full vigour.
11.6.4 4th Fourth Workshop on Draft Plan Sharing

Fourth Workshop for CDP Bettiah was held on September 17, 2011 at 11:00 am, at Municipal Office,
Bettiah. On behalf of VSPL Ms. Meenakshi Tyagi, Senior Manager, VSPL Team welcomed all the invitees of
workshop including the Chairman, the Executive Officer, the ward councilors, Officials of the Municipal
council and line departments and other stakeholders of Bettiah city.
She then went on to briefly recap the three Workshops held prior, and proceeded to explain and highlight
the purpose of the Fourth Workshop of the CDP. She then invited Mr. Vikas Singh, Urban Planner, VSPL
Team to proceed with the Presentation of the Fourth Workshop.
Mr. Vikas Singh made a detailed presentation of the Draft City Development plan for Bettiah city which
included the city overview, sector profile, City Vision. He then invited Mr. Pranav Pravin Urban Planner,
VSPL Team to present the Capital Investment Plan and financial Operating Plan (CIP and FOP) for Bettiah CDP.
Mr. Pranav Pravin presented the CIP and FoP of CDP Bettiah.
After the completion of the Presentation, Ms. Meenakshi Tyagi invited the stakeholders to provide their
views and suggestions.
Ward councilor Sh. Pandey suggested for RCC lining for all the existing drains.
The Executive Officer of Bettiah Municipal Council Sh. Vinay Kumar Thakur asked to provide a copy of the
draft report for reference.
The vice chairman of Bettiah municipal Council Sh. Pandey Ji gave his opinion regarding the drainage
outfall into the river Andherichunri which should be taken care of while formulating the detailed project
report (DPR) or the Drainage Master Plan of Bettiah city.
Ms. Meenakshi Tyagi invited the chairman of Municipal Council, Bettiah Sh. Md. Anees Akhtar to
conclude the workshop.
The chairman of Municipal Council, Bettiah Sh. Md. Anees Akhtar suggested to have a comprehensive
water supply scheme which should consider the whole Municipal area without taking into consideration

CITY DEVELOPMENT
the existing network and pipelines. He then thanked all the participants for their cooperation and said
that the CDP is comprehensive which should be implemented with immediate effect to achieve the vision
of Bettiah city and winded up the workshop
Photographs of fourth Workshop.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
12 CITY VISION & SECTOR GOALS
12.1 City Vision

A vision is a statement that reflects the long term view point of an individual or a community. A
consensus approach was followed to generate the vision. This was achieved through continued
consultation with the community in an integrated and cohesive manner considering the strengths,
current issues, concerns, problems and the future focus. Various opinions were put forth by the
stakeholders.
This vision provides us an inspiration to think in some innovative way to achieve it. It is important here to
note that the traditional approaches and ideologies have to be given importance also, while thinking of
the new strategies to be incorporated. The quality of life should always be improved by applying the
strategies to achieve the city level vision. While discussing during the workshop, it was noted that
generally people cannot think beyond the ward level aspects. The government employees and the
members of steering committee were easily giving inputs in the process, while the common citizens were
mostly worried and focused over their major issues of concern. The poor were concerned about the
access to basic services and employment. At the same time traders were focusing on generation of
spaces for better commercial activities. The aspect of environmental sustainability and Infrastructure was
raised by almost all the stakeholders. It was agreed that the above stated vision will be able to achieve all
the expectations of the stakeholders present in the workshop.
Bettiah is a significant city near the Indo-Nepal border and state of Uttar Pradesh. The city’s regional
potential is for agro-based products. Presently, the city is an agricultural trade centre which is also known
for manufacturing brass, metal-ware and leather goods. It is also acting as a transit point for the tourists
going to Kathmandu and Valmiki national park. The overarching objectives or vision for the entire
exercise are to make Bettiah a sustainable city with strong economic base, while capitalizing on its
regional potential and strategic location.
Workshops II and III were conducted to formulate and finalize the city vision. Individual consultations
with various stakeholders were also done. All the consultation formats were then analyzed and the vision
for the city of Bettiah was thus finalized as stated below:
“To develop Bettiah as an Agro based Industrial Centre and as a Tourist Transit Point”
Several other visions that reflect the interests and aspirations for Bettiah by the stakeholders are:
 An environmentally sustainable green city.
 A self-sustainable city.
 A city of a progressive society.
 Efficient public transport and better connectivity.
 Good infrastructure facilities.
 Pollution free, clean, economically sound and healthy city.
 A city with opportunities of employment for poor.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
12.2 Sectoral Goals

After finalizing the city vision, it is necessary to set the sector specific goals to achieve the vision. A
technical assessment of each sector was presented before the stakeholders and then, a scenario was
offered regarding the existing situation. Various alternative goals were also suggested while discussing
informally to give an understanding regarding the subject area. The suggestions were totally based on the
analysis done for each sector and it was completely assured that the goals proposed by the stakeholders
should not get influenced by some specific person or a group of influential people. The sector wise goals
thus finalized are tabulated below:
Table 12-1: Sectoral Goals
S. No SECTOR GOAL
1 Economy, Trade & Sustainable development of the city with priority towards utilization
Commerce of local resources and potentials for industrial development.
2 Water supply To ensure safe drinking water supply to all.
3 Sewerage To ensure access to sewerage system for all using all kinds of
environment friendly waste disposal and treatment systems.
4 Drainage To achieve city level comprehensive and sustainable drainage
system by upgrading the existing natural drainage.
5 Solid Waste To achieve and promote environmentally sustainable waste
Management management practice.
6 Urban To achieve comfortable, sustainable, equitable and efficient eco

CITY DEVELOPMENT
S. No SECTOR GOAL
Transportation transport system in city.
7 Education To promote quality educational facilities in the city with special
focus to the marginalized section of the society.
9 Health To provide quality health facilities with special focus towards
primary health care facilities.
10 Housing & Slums To provide shelter for all with basic services & infrastructure
facilities.
11 Urban Environment To develop Bettiah in an environmentally sustainable manner.
12 Disaster To ensure disaster preparedness and sustainable development in
Management Bettiah.
13 Urban Governance To promote participatory, efficient, equitable, accountable and
transparent urban governance system for the city.
Example showing how the Sector wise Goals & Prioritization of Sectors were finalized for Bettiah

CITY DEVELOPMENT
13 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN
13.1 Introduction
The Capital Investment Plan is an important element and is significant in terms of the city’s management
process and sustainability with regard to the delivery of basic services. The estimation of funds required is
done based on the similar projects done recently in the nearby areas. In some cases, wherever possible,
the schedule of rates has been referred.
The need for updating is on account of:
Reassessment of city growth and infrastructure needs (to be carried out once in five years).
Detailed feasibility/ engineering studies carried out of new projects.
Rescheduling of investments on ongoing projects due to cost and/ or time overruns.
Reassigning priorities within the constraints of available financial resources.
Goals for CIP
Provision of capital facilities that sustain city populace.

Preservation of the physical integrity of the capital assets.
Capital facilities to be considered community assets.
Project Identification and City Investment
13.2 Summary of City Investment - Bettiah

The projects identification has been done based on the strategies listed out under each of the sector. The
projects derived based on the BMC estimates and aimed at ensuring optimal and efficient utilization of
existing infrastructure systems. The total estimated capital investment required for providing efficient
services to the population of BMC by the year 2030 is about Rs. 75324.04 lakhs. Without considering the
cost of land the estimated investment required would be Rs. 68476.40 lakhs. The table below presents
the summary of sector-wise investment requirements.
Table 13-1: Sector wise Investment
Phase-I (2011-15) Phase-II Phase-III Phase-IV
Total
(Rs. Lakh) 2011-15 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
1 WATER SUPPLY 2851.00 673.75 1614.75 562.50 0.00 2851.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 SEWERAGE 16670.00 90.00 4087.50 6637.50 5625.00 16440.00 230.00 0.00 0.00
3 DRAINAGE 4962.20 1257.20 2017.50 1687.50 0.00 4962.20 0.00 0.00 0.00
SOLID WASTE
4 MANAGEMENT 823.37 42.50 260.02 0.00 0.00 302.52 137.01 145.77 238.07
URBAN
5 TRANSPORTATION 8383.33 445.83 1337.50 0.00 0.00 1783.33 800.00 1100.00 4700.00
6 EDUCATION 4050.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1400.00 1400.00 1250.00
7 HEALTH 7600.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1300.00 0.00 6300.00

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Total Phase-I (2011-15) Phase-II Phase-III Phase-IV

(Rs. Lakh) 2011-15 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
HOUSING &
8 SLUMS 12251.50 3070.38 4590.56 4590.56 0.00 12251.50 0.00 0.00 0.00
URBAN
9 ENVIRONMENT 315.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 305.00 0.00
HERITAGE &
10 TOURISM 970.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 870.00 100.00
ECONOMY, TRADE
11 & COMMERCE 9125.00 50.00 75.00 0.00 0.00 125.00 6500.00 2500.00 0.00
URBAN
12 GOVERNANCE 475.00 137.50 337.50 0.00 0.00 475.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sub Total 68476.40 5777.16 14320.33 13478.06 5625.00 39200.55 10367.01 6320.77 12588.07
Land Acquisition
& other
escalations @
10% 6847.64 577.72 1432.03 1347.81 562.50 3920.06 1036.70 632.08 1258.81
TOTAL 75324.04 6354.87 15752.37 14825.87 6187.50 43120.61 11403.71 6952.85 13846.88
The sewerage sectors account for the largest share of investment. Almost 24 % of the investment is
directed towards this sector for improving the existing education condition. About 12 % of investment
has to be devoted to the transportation with a total investment of around Rs. 8383 lakhs. While about 18
% is attributed to Housing and slum Sector. The percentage share of each sector is presented above
diagram.
1% 1% 4%
2%
18% 13%
24%
7%
11%
6% 1%
12%
WATER SUPPLY SEWERAGE
DRAINAGE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
URBAN TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION
HEALTH HOUSING & SLUMS
URBAN ENVIRONMENT HERITAGE & TOURISM
ECONOMY, TRADE & COMMERCE URBAN GOVERNANCE
Figure 13-1: Distribution of Investment in each Sector

CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Support Programme for Urban Reforms in Bihar (SPUR)
Bettiah Municipal Council (BMC)
13.3 Sector wise Investment

The projects identified for the city of Bettiah and its sector wise investment is given in the following sections:
13.3.1 Water Supply

In case of water supply, the proposed investment is Rs. 2851 Lakhs. The proposed water supply works would meet the estimated water demand for the
town till 2030 and cover the construction of chlorination units for supplying treated water to all the residents of the town, construction of new tube
wells and pumping stations, construction of OHTs and ground reservoirs and laying of distribution network / pipes of varying diameters for the
conveyance of water supply to all parts of the town and also conducting awareness generation programmes regarding water conservation.
COST I st Yr. II nd Yr. III rd Yr. IV th Yr.

SN PROJECT 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(in Rs. Lakh) (11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
I WATER SUPPLY
1 Establishment of Chlorination Units 280 70 210
2 Tube Wells 36 36
3 Pumping station 150 150
4 Construction of OHTs 385 96.25 288.75
5 Construction of UG tanks 490 122.5 367.5
6 Distribution pipeline (CI) (tentative

calculation): 1500 375 562.5 562.5
7 Water Conservation awareness programme 10 10
SUB TOTAL WATER SUPPLY 2851 673.8 1614.75 562.5 0 0 0 0

13.3.2 Sewerage
In case of sewerage, the proposed investment is Rs. 16670 Lakhs. The proposed sewerage works would be sufficient to meet the collection, conveyance,
treatment and disposal of estimated sewage load of the town till the perspective year of 2030. The proposed sewerage works would be cover
construction of a new sewerage treatment plant, laying of sewerage network in the town, repair of existing public toilets, construction of new public
toilets in the towns and conducting awareness generation programmes in the town regarding safe sanitation practices.

SN PROJECT 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(in Rs. Lakh) (11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
II SEWERAGE
1 Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant 1350 337.5 1012.5
2 Laying down sewerage network (tentative

calculation): 15000 3750 5625.00 5625.00
3 Re-construction/ Repair of existing public

toilets (Male & Female toilets) 160 80 80
4 Construction of new public toilets (for male

& female) 150 150
5 Sanitation Awareness Programmes 10 10

SUB TOTAL SEWERAGE
16670 90 4087.5 6637.5 5625 230.0 0 0
13.3.3 Drainage
The proposed drainage works shall involve an estimated expenditure of Rs. 4962 lakhs. It is proposed to upgrade the existing drainage network and
carry out de-silting and repair/ rehabilitation of existing drains wherever necessary. It is also proposed that the open drains be covered which would
greatly reduce the dumping of solid waste in them.


SN PROJECT 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(in Rs. Lakh) (11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
III DRAINAGE
1 Upgradation of existing drainage network
De-silting of drains 2.2 2.2
Repair & covering of drains 440 110 330
2 Construction of new drains 4500 1125 1687.5 1687.5
3 Preparation of Comprehensive Drainage
Master Plan 20 20
SUB TOTAL DRAINAGE
4962 1257.2 2017.5 1687.5 0 0 0 0
13.3.4 Solid Waste Management

For solid waste management, an investment of Rs. 823.4 lakhs is proposed. As part of the solid waste management programme for the town a new
sanitary landfill equipped with vermi-compost plant shall be developed at an appropriate location, mechanization of BMC’s solid waste management
unit with the purchase of various equipments, provision of bins and DP containers, incineration plant for bio-medical waste etc. it shall cover awareness
generation campaigns to educate the people about effective solid waste management practices.

SN PROJECT 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(in Rs. Lakh) (11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
IV SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
1 Development of Sanitary Landfill Site 80 20 60
2 Construction of compost plant at landfill site 50 12.5 37.5
3 Purchase of Equipments to upgrade SWM
system
Containerized Handcarts 22.50 5.55 5.55 5.55 5.85
Containerized Tricycles 5.00 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.10


SN PROJECT 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(in Rs. Lakh) (11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
Community bins for Slums 5.00 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25
Silt Removal machine 3.00 3.00
Small vehicles for direct collection of waste 5.00 2.50 1.25 1.25
Closed dumper placers containers 4.5 cu.mtr.
Volume 500.00 125.00 125.00 125.00 125.00
Containers for domestic hazardous waste 4.35 1.16 1.16 1.16 0.87
4.5 cu. Mtr skips for construction waste 2.50 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.25
Construction Waste collection Vehicle 15.00 7.50 7.50
Small van for hospital waste collection 6.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
Bull Dozers/Wheel Dozers 40.00 40.00
Incineration Plant (BMW) 50.00 50.00
JCB Machine 10.00 5.00 5.00
Septic Tank Cleaning Machine 15.00 15.00
Street Seeeping Machines 0.02 0.0105 0.0105

5 SWM Awareness Generation Programmes 10 10
SUB TOTAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
823.4 42.5 260.0 0 0 137 146 238

13.3.5 Urban Transportation

For urban transport a total investment of Rs. 8383 lakhs is proposed. The planned improvement of the urban transport would include development of a
new transport nagar, development of off-street parking lots at various places in the town to reduce congestion, road widening and improvement works,
redesigning and refurbishment works for existing bus terminal with commercial complex, establishment of taxi stand and signalisation and
beautification works for various junctions in the city.

SN PROJECT 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(in Rs. Lakh) (11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
V URBAN TRANSPORTATION
1 Development of a Transport Nagar 2500 2500
2 Development of Parking spaces
Bus stand, Railway station, Lal Bazar &
Meena Bazar 200 50 50 100
3 Road Widening & Improvement with Street
Lighting 1733 433 1300
4 Redesigning and Renovation/
Refurbishment of existing bus terminal with
Commercial complex 2000 2000
5 Establishment of Taxi stand 1000 1000
6 Establishment of city bus based public
transport system 700 700
7 Signalisation & beautification of major
intersections 250 12.5 37.5 50 50 100
SUB TOTAL URBAN TRANSPORT
8383 445.8 1337.5 0 0 800 1100 4700

13.3.6 Education
For education the total proposed investment is Rs. 4050 lakhs. This would mainly be spent on the construction of additional primary and secondary
schools as well as special schools for physically challenged students.

SN PROJECT 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(in Rs. Lakh) (11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
VI EDUCATION
1 Construction of Primary Schools 1100 400 400 300
2 Construction of Senior Secondary Schools 2800 1000 1000 800
3 Construction of School fo Handicapped 150 150
SUB TOTAL EDUCATION
4050 0 0.0 0 0 1400.0 1400.0 1250.0
13.3.7 Health
For healthcare a total of Rs. 7600 lakhs is proposed to be invested in the town. This would cover construction of two intermediate hospitals of category
A and B having a capacity of 200 beds and 80 beds respectively.

SN PROJECT 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(in Rs. Lakh) (11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
VII HEALTH
1 Construction of Intermediate Hospita
(category-A, 200 beds) 5000 5000
2 Construction of Intermediate Hospital
(category-B, 80 beds) 2600 1300 1300
SUB TOTAL HEALTH
7600 0 0 0 0 1300.0 0.0 6300.0

13.3.8 Housing and Slum

Currently SPUR is facilitating DFID slum survey in the city. Nothing can be recommended regarding the redevelopment of these slums as to be in-situ or
off-situ until the final report of the survey is prepared. Most of the slums during reconnaissance survey were found comprising of unskilled population.
A skill development and training programme is suggested as a project.

SN PROJECT 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(in Rs. Lakh) (11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
VIII HOUSING & SLUMS
1 12241.5
Redevelopment (as per DFID survey
recommendation) of existing slums (8161 HH)
Construction of roads in slums (with road side drains)
Provision of community taps in slums
Street lighting in left out areas of slums
Construction of community toilets (@ 1 seat per 35
person) 3060.4 4590.6 4590.6
2 Skill Development & Trainning for Slum dwellers 10 10
SUB TOTAL HOUSING & SLUMS
12251.5 3070.4 4590.56 4590.56 0 0 0 0
13.3.9 Environment
Environmental sustainability and improvement of the urban environment were consistently ranked high throughout the CDP consultation processes by
the stakeholders. The total proposed investment for improvement of urban environment in the town is Rs. 315 lakhs. This would cover the proposed
plantation and beautification along the riverfront, rejuvenation of existing ponds, development of recreational areas such as parks, mapping of
environmentally sensitive areas, preparation of a disaster management plan for the town and conducting awareness programmes for disseminating
information regarding rainwater harvesting in the town.


SN PROJECT 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(in Rs. Lakh) (11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
IX URBAN ENVIRONMENT
1 Plantation & beautification along the River 30 30
2 Rejuvenation of ponds (8 in No.) for fish culture 80 80
2 Redevelopment/ beautification of Recreational
areas/parks 150 150
3 Mapping of Environmentally sensitive areas & data
compilation 20 20
4 Preparation of a disaster management plan for the
town 25 25
5 Community Awareness Programme for Rain Water
Harvesting 10 10
SUB TOTAL URBAN ENVIRONMENT
315 10 0 0 0 0 305 0
13.3.10 Heritage & Tourism

For developing Bettiah as a tourist destination and improving the upkeep of the existing built and natural heritage of the town a total of In case of water
supply, the proposed investment is Rs. 970 Lakhs have been proposed. The proposed works for development of heritage and tourism would cover
upgrading and beautification of various tourist spots in the town, developing boating facility in sagar pokhar, setting up tourist information centre and
construction of dharamshalas and motels catering to the economy segment of tourist population.

SN PROJECT 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(in Rs. Lakh) (11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
X HERITAGE & TOURISM
1 Upgradation / beautification of areas around tourist spots
Roman Catholic Mission 30 30
Kali Bagh Temple 30 30
Maharaja's Palace 30 30


SN PROJECT 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(in Rs. Lakh) (11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
R.K.High School 30 30
Sagar Pokhar 30 30
Shiv Temple, Sagar Pokhar 30 30
Saint Ghat 30 30
Machhli Lok 30 30
Jangi Maszid 30 30
2 Development of Boating facility in Sagar Pokhar 100 100
3 Development of Tourist Information Centre 100 100
4 Construction of a Dharmshala / Motel 500 500
SUB TOTAL HERITAGE & TOURISM
970 0 0 0 0 0 870 100
13.3.11 Economy, Trade & Commerce

Economic development plays crucial role in increasing standard of living of citizens. A total investment of Rs. 9125 lakhs is proposed in this sector. The
planned investment is proposed to cover development of a commercial complex in the town, preparation of a master plan for Bettiah which can guide
the planned and harmonious development of the town for the next 20 years, redevelopment of CBD and core city area, development of a vendor zone
and slaughter house. Different type of remunerative projects like commercial complexes, shopping areas, development of vender zone and construction
of slaughter house has been proposed for enhancing and self- sustaining the urban local body.

SN PROJECT 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(in Rs. Lakh) (11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
XI ECONOMY, TRADE & COMMERCE
1 Development of a Commercial complex/ shopping
area 5000 5000
2 Preparation of Master Plan for Bettiah City 25 25
3 Redevelopment/ renovation of CBD & city core areas 2500 2500


SN PROJECT 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(in Rs. Lakh) (11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
4 Development of Vendor Zone 1500 1500
5
Construction of a Slaughter House 100 25 75
SUB TOTAL ECONOMY, TRADE & COMMERCE
9125.0 50.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 6500.0 2500.0 0.0
13.3.12 Urban Governance

For urban governance a total investment of Rs. 475 lakhs is proposed. This would cover the establishment of e-governance initiatives and single window
system for BMC which would help to make it more citizen friendly and streamline processes, establishment of double entry accounting system and
capacity building of municipal officials

SN PROJECT 2015-20 2020-25 2025-30
(in Rs. Lakh) (11-12) (12-13) (13-14) (14-15)
XII URBAN GOVERNANCE
1 Establishment of e-governance & Single Window
System 400 100 300
2 Establishment of Double Accounting System 50 12.5 37.5
3 Capacity building of Municipal officials 25 25
SUB TOTAL URBAN GOVERNANCE
475 137.5 337.5 0 0 0 0 0

14 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN AND FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
14.1 Capital Investment Plan

The proposed projects for Bettiah Municipality taking into account its resources and the existing shortfall in services are given below. The projects have
been phased out taking into account the time-span required for implementation of the project and the availability of the funds (loans, grants and
Municipality’s own resources) for the same.
Table 14-1: Projects to be executed by the Municipality
(Rs. in lacs)
Funding
S.No. Particulars Total Priority By
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2019-20 2024-25 2029-30 L:G:M
I Economy, Trade, Commerce & Urban Development

a) Development of Planned Vendor Zones 1500.0 1500.0 A 40:30:30
b) Construction of Slaughter House 25.0 75.0 100.0 A 100% ULB
c) Development of Commercial Complex / Shopping Areas 5000.0 5000.0 A 40:30:30
d) Preparation of Master Plan for Bettiah City 25.0 25.0 A 100% ULB
e) Development & Renovation of CBD & city core areas 2500.0 2500.0 B 90:10
II Housing & Slums

a) Redevelopment of Existing Slums 3060.4 4590.6 4590.6 12241.6 B 90:10
Construction of Road in Slums
Provision of Community Taps in Slums
Street Lighting in left out areas of slums
Construction of Community Toilets

Funding
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2019-20 2024-25 2029-30 L:G:M
b) Skill Development & Training of Slum Dwellers 10.0 10.0
III Water Supply

a) Establishment of Chlorinisation Units 70.0 210.0 280.0 A 40:30:30
b) Construction of Tube Wells 36.0 36.0
c) Punping Station 150.0 150.0
d) Construction of OHTs 96.3 288.8 385.0
e) Construction of UG Tanks 122.5 367.5 490.0
f) Distribution Pipeline 375.0 562.5 562.5 1500.0
g) Water Conservation Awareness Program 10.0 10.0
IV Sewerage
a) Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant 337.5 1012.5 1350.0 A 40:30:30
b) Laying down sewerage network 3750.0 5625.0 5625.0 15000.0
c) Reconstruction / Repair of existing public toilets 80.0 80.0 160.0
d) Construction of new public toilets 150.0 150.0
e) Sanitation Awareness Program 10.0 10.0
V Drainage
a) Upgradation of existing drainage network 112.2 330.0 442.2 B 90:10
b) Construction of new drains 1125.0 1687.5 1687.5 4500.0
c) Preparation of Comprehensive Drainage Master Plan 20.0 20.0

Funding
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2019-20 2024-25 2029-30 L:G:M
VI Solid Waste Management
a) Development of Sanitary Landfill Site 20.0 60.0 80.0 A PPP
b) Construction of compost plant at landfill site 12.5 37.5 50.0
c) Purchase of Equipments to upgrade SWM system
Containerised Handcarts 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.9 22.5
Containerised Tricycles 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 5.0
Community Bins for slums 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 5.0
Silt Removal machines 3.0 3.0
Small vehicles for direct collection of waste 2.5 1.3 1.3 5.0
Closed dumper placers containers 4.5 cum volume 125.0 125.0 125.0 125.0 500.0
Containers for domestic hazardous waste 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 4.4
4.5 cum skips for construction waste 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.3 2.5
Construction waste collection waste 7.5 7.5 15.0
Small van for hospital waste collection 2.0 2.0 2.0 6.0
Bull Dozers / Wheel Dozers 40.0 40.0
Incineration Plant (BMW) 50.0 50.0
JCB Machine 5.0 5.0 10.0
Septic Tank Cleaning Machine 15.0 15.0
Big & Small Street Sweeping Machine 0.0 0.0 0.0
d) Awareness generation programmes 10.0 10.0
VII Urban Transportation

a) Development of Transport Nagar 2500.0 2500.0 B 90:10
b) Development of Parking Spaces (4 locations) 50.0 50.0 100.0 200.0 A 40:30:30
c) Road Widening & Improvement with street lighting 433.3 1300.0 1733.3 B 90:10
d) Redesigning & refurnishment of existing bus terminal with 2000.0 2000.0 A 40:30:30

Funding
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2019-20 2024-25 2029-30 L:G:M
Commercial Complex
e) Establishment of Taxi Stand 1000.0 1000.0 B 40:30:30

f) Signalisation & beautification of major intersections 12.5 37.5 50.0 50.0 100.0 250.0 B 90:10
g) Establishment of City Bus based public transport 700.0 700.0 B 90:10
IX Education
a) Construction of Primary Schools 400.0 400.0 300.0 1100.0 C 90:10
b) Construction of Senior Secondary Schools 1000.0 1000.0 800.0 2800.0
c) Construction of School for Handicapped 150.0 150.0
X Health
a) Construction of Intermediate Hospital (200 Beds) 5000.0 5000.0 C 90:10
b) Construction of Intermediate Hospital (80 Beds) 1300.0 1300.0 2600.0
XI Urban Environment
a) Plantation & Beautification along the River 30.0 30.0 B 100% ULB
b) Rejuvenation of ponds for Fish Culture 80.0 80.0 B 100% ULB
c) Redevelopment / beautification of Recreational Areas 150.0 150.0 A 100% ULB
Mapping of Environmental Sensitive area maps & data
d) compilation 20.0 20.0 B 100% ULB
e) Preparation of Disaster Management Plan for the town 25.0 25.0 B 100% ULB
f) Community Awareness Program for Rain Water Harvesting 10.0 10.0 B 100% ULB

Funding
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2019-20 2024-25 2029-30 L:G:M
XII Heritage & Tourism

a) Upgradation & beautification of town spots 270.0 270.0 A 100% ULB
b) Development of Boating Facility in Sagar Pokhar 100.0 100.0 A 100% ULB
c) Development of Tourist Information Center 100.0 100.0 B 100% ULB
d) Construction of Dharmshala / Motels for poor tourists 500.0 500.0 B 100% ULB
XIII Urban Governance

Establishment of e- governance system & single window
a) system 100.0 300.0 400.0 A 100% ULB
b) Establishment of double accounting system 12.5 37.5 50.0 A 100% ULB
c) Capacity Building of Municipal Officials 25.0 25.0 A 100% ULB
Total 5777.2 14320.4 13478.1 5625.0 10367.0 6320.8 12588.1 68476.5
The initial building blocks of the Corporate Plan are the ‘elements’ required to sustain the town’s growth; public utility, urban environment, economic
and social development, land use and transportation, municipal resources, urban governance and capital facilities. The projects in the plan were
developed through a consultative process carried out between the Local Body Officials, Council Staff and Elected Officials, Public Interest Groups,
Project Stakeholders and the Citizens.
The projects have been prioritized in the following order:
a) Storm Water Drains

b) Water Supply
c) Sewerage and Sanitation
d) Solid Waste Management
e) Other Remunerative Projects
f) Urban Service for Poor (Slum Upgradation)
g) Transportation & Street Lighting
14.2 Means of Finance

The means of finance for each individual project identified taking into account whether the same is remunerative or non-remunerative and the
availability of Grants from various sources is given below:
Table 14-2: Multi Year Investment Plan and Means of Finance
(Rs. in lacs)
Multi Year Investment Plan
S.No. Particulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Total
1A Development of Planned Vendor Zone

Total Project Cost 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1500.00 0.00 0.00 1500.00
Add : Price Inflation @ 7% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1257.69 0.00 0.00 1257.69
Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2757.69 0.00 0.00 2757.69
Means of Finance
Loan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1103.08 0.00 0.00 1103.08
Grant 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 827.31 0.00 0.00 827.31
Municipality Own Funds 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 827.31 0.00 0.00 827.31
Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2757.69 0.00 0.00 2757.69


1B Construction of Slaughter House
Total 26.75 85.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 112.62
Means of Finance
Total 26.75 85.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 112.62
IC Development of Commercial Complex

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9192.30 0.00 0.00 9192.30
Means of Finance
Loan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3676.92 0.00 0.00 3676.92
Grant 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2757.69 0.00 0.00 2757.69
Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9192.30 0.00 0.00 9192.30
1D Preparation of Master Plan

Total 26.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.75
Means of Finance
Total 26.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.75
1E Development of CBD and City Core Areas


Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6446.34 0.00 6446.34
Means of Finance
Grant 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5801.70 0.00 5801.70
Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6446.34 0.00 6446.34
2 Housing & Loans

Total 3285.33 5255.78 5623.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14164.79
Means of Finance
Grant 2956.80 4730.20 5061.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12748.31
Total 3285.33 5255.78 5623.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14164.79
3 Water Supply
Total 720.91 1848.73 689.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3258.73
Means of Finance
Loan 288.37 739.49 275.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1303.49
Grant 216.27 554.62 206.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 977.62
Total 720.91 1848.73 689.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3258.73


4 Sewerage
Total 96.30 4679.78 8131.22 7373.23 422.85 0.00 0.00 20703.37
Means of Finance
Loan 38.52 1871.91 3252.49 2949.29 169.14 0.00 0.00 8281.35
Grant 28.89 1403.93 2439.37 2211.97 126.85 0.00 0.00 6211.01
Total 96.30 4679.78 8131.22 7373.23 422.85 0.00 0.00 20703.37
5 Drainage
Total 1345.20 2309.84 2067.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5722.30
Means of Finance
Grant 1210.68 2078.85 1860.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5150.07
Total 1345.20 2309.84 2067.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5722.30
6 Solid Waste Management

Total 45.48 297.70 0.00 0.00 251.89 375.87 860.99 1831.92
Means of Finance
PPP 45.48 297.70 0.00 0.00 251.89 375.87 860.99 1831.92
Total 45.48 297.70 0.00 0.00 251.89 375.87 860.99 1831.92


7A Urban Transportation
Total 477.04 1531.30 0.00 0.00 1378.84 128.93 9402.97 12919.09
Means of Finance
Grant 429.34 1378.17 0.00 0.00 1240.96 116.03 8462.67 11627.18
Total 477.04 1531.30 0.00 0.00 1378.84 128.93 9402.97 12919.09
7B Development of Parking Spaces

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.92 128.93 361.65 582.50
Means of Finance
Loan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.77 51.57 144.66 233.00
Grant 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.58 38.68 108.50 174.75
Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.92 128.93 361.65 582.50
7C Improvement of Bus Terminals

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7233.06 7233.06
Means of Finance
Loan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2893.22 2893.22
Grant 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2169.92 2169.92


Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7233.06 7233.06
7D Development of Taxi Stand

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2578.53 0.00 2578.53
Means of Finance
Loan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1031.41 0.00 1031.41
Grant 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 773.56 0.00 773.56
Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2578.53 0.00 2578.53
9 Education
Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2573.84 3609.95 4520.66 10704.45
Means of Finance
Grant 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2316.46 3248.95 4068.59 9634.01
Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2573.84 3609.95 4520.66 10704.45
10 Health
Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2390.00 0.00 22784.12 25174.12
Means of Finance
Grant 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2151.00 0.00 20505.71 22656.71


Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2390.00 0.00 22784.12 25174.12
11 Urban Environment
Total 10.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 786.45 0.00 797.15
Means of Finance
Total 10.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 786.45 0.00 797.15
12 Heritage & Tourism

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2243.32 361.65 2604.98
Means of Finance
Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2243.32 361.65 2604.98
13 Urban Governance
Total 147.13 386.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 533.53
Means of Finance
Total 147.13 386.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 533.53

The consolidated ‘Means of Finance’ for all the projects put-together is summarized below:
Table 14-3: Consolidated Means of Finance

(Rs. in lacs)
S.No. Particulars 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2019-20 2024-25 2029-30 Total
I Project Cost
Total 6181.59 16395.39 16511.25 7373.23 19059.33 16298.32 45525.10 127344.21
II Means of Finance
(including Deposits from Public)
Grant 4841.98 10145.78 9567.94 2211.97 9447.84 9978.93 35315.39 81509.83
Loan 326.89 2611.40 3528.12 2949.29 4985.90 1082.98 3037.88 18522.47
PPP 45.48 297.70 0.00 0.00 251.89 375.87 860.99 1831.92
Total 6181.59 16395.39 16511.25 7373.23 19059.33 16298.32 45525.10 127344.21

14.3 Financial Sustainability

The sustainability analysis assumes that the Municipality will carry out reforms indicated as assumptions for financial projections. A Financial and
Operating Plan (FOP) is prepared which evaluates the Local Body Fund status for the Full Project scenario.
The FOP is a cash flow stream of the ULB based on the regular Municipality revenues, expenditures and applicability of surplus funds to support project
sustainability. The FOP horizon is determined to assess the impact of full debt servicing liability resulting from the borrowings to meet the identified
interventions. The proposed capital investments are phased over 20 years investment from FY 2011-12 to FY 2029-30.
The full project investment scenario is based on all the proposed investments identified for Bettiah Municipality and the requirement for upgrading the
town’s infrastructure is estimated and phased based on the construction activity. Implications of this investment in terms of external borrowings
required, resultant debt service commitment and additional operation and maintenance expenditure are worked out to ascertain sub-project cash
flows. Revenue surpluses of the existing operations are applied to the sub-project cash flows emerging from full project investments – the Municipality
fund net surpluses indicates the ULB’s ability to sustain full investments.
FY 2011-12 is taken as the base year and FY 2039-40 is assumed as the reference year (30 years) to determine the net surpluses and whether the
Municipality maintains a debt / revenue surplus ratio as an indication of the ULB’s ability to sustain investments.
14.4 Basic Assumptions for Projections

The FOP is based on a whole range of assumptions related to income and expenditure. These are critical to ascertain the investment sustenance and
would also provide a tool to test certain specific policy decisions regarding revenue and expenditure drivers on the overall Local Body’s fiscal situation.
This section elucidated the key assumptions adopted for the FOP scenario.

The growth rates for the various heads of income and expenditure have been arrived based on the past growth rates and the future estimated
population growth. Improvements to the existing current and arrears collection percentages have been assumed for the various revenues directly
collected by the Local Body, which implies that the Local Body would have to improve its collection mechanism to sustain full investments.
Given below are the various assumptions forming part of the FOP workings:
a) Population Growth
The present population of Bettiah Municipality is 132896 Nos. The population is expected to reach 190203 Nos. by 2030. The growth in population is
expected to be as below:
Year Population Growth
2011 132896
2015 145509 2.29%
2020 159311 1.83%
2025 174164 1.80%
2030 190203 1.78%
b) Property Tax
The present number of property tax assessments is 1000 Nos. The tax collection is around Rs. 5.45 lacs. The property tax collection percentage is only
around 33%.

But there is potential for increasing the number of assessments to 26374 Nos. The tax collection % can be improved to 90% and the property tax
collections can be improved to Rs. 183 lacs.
It is assumed that revision in property tax rates would be carried out @ 15% every 5 years.
c) Profession tax
Income from Profession Tax is assumed to increase @ 2% per annum. It is assumed that the profession tax rates would be increased @ 5% every 5
years.
The increase in profession tax growth is based on the population growth rate given above.
d) Water Supply Charges
At present no water charge is levied by the Municipality.
It is assumed that after completion of water supply improvements work, the house service connections would be equal to 90% of property tax
assessments.
The water charges and deposit shall be as below:
Particulars Tariff (Rs. Per Month) Deposit / Connection Charges
Domestic Rs. 50/- per month Rs. 500/-
Industrial Rs. 200/- per month Rs. 3000/-
Commercial Rs. 500/- per month Rs. 10000/-
It is assumed that the water charges and deposit shall be increased by 15% every 5 years as give below:

Particulars Increase in Tariff (Rs. Per Month) Increase in Deposit
e) Sewerage Charges
At present no sewerage charge is levied by the Municipality.
It is assumed that after completion of sewerage improvements work, the house service connections would be equal to 80% of property tax
assessments.
The sewerage charges and deposit shall be as below:
Particulars Tariff (Rs. Per Month) Deposit / Connection Charges
It is assumed that the water charges and deposit shall be increased by 20% every 5 years as given below:

Particulars Increase in Tariff (Rs. Per Month) Increase in Deposit
f) Solid waste Management
It has been estimated that solid waste generation per day shall be around 47.6 MTs. 1/3rd out of the same shall comprise Bio-degradable waste and the
manure generation would be 1/3rd of the same. Thus the estimated saleable manure generation per day would be 5.30 MTs. The same shall increase @
5% per annum.
The revenue from solid waste disposal shall be Rs.1000 per MT. The same shall increase by Rs.100 every 5 years. The number of assets covered by solid
waste management scheme shall be equal to 80% of property tax assessments. The conservancy fees collected shall be as below:
Domestic - Rs.25.00 per month

Commercial - Rs.50.00 per month
Industrial/Government - Rs.200.00 per month
The same shall increase as below every 5 years;
Domestic - Rs.10.00/-
Commercial - Rs. 20.00/-
Industrial - Rs.50.00/-
The income from Solid Waste Management shall accrue to the PPP Operator during the entire term period.

g) Commercial Complex
A new Commercial Complex is proposed to be constructed at a cost of Rs. 5000 lacs.
The Commercial Complex shall comprise the following:
Particulars Nos. Rent Deposit
Shops 1000 Nos. Rs. 3000/- per Month Rs. 40000/-
The rent shall increase @ 3% per annum.
The deposit mobilization shall be utilized towards construction cost.
h) Planned Vendor Zones
A new Vendor Zone is proposed to be constructed at a cost of Rs. 1500 lacs.
The Vendor Zone shall comprise the following:
i) Slaughter House
A new Slaughter House is proposed to be constructed at a cost of Rs. 100 lacs.

The Slaughter House shall earn the following income:
Slaughter House – Rs. 10 lacs p.a.
j) Parking Spaces
Parking Spaces shall be developed at a cost of Rs. 200 lacs.
The same shall result in net income of around 5% of capital cost per annum from letting out of parking spaces.
The income shall increase @ 3% per annum.
k) Bus Terminals
Improvement to existing Bus Terminals are proposed to be carried out at a cost of Rs. 2000 lacs.
The Bus Terminal shall earn rental income of Rs. 65.70 lacs per annum. The same has been arrived as below:
Particulars No. of Bus Bays Minutes per Day Minutes per Bus Rent per Bus (Rs.) Income (Rs. lacs)
Income from Bays 25 1440 20 10 65.70
The same shall increase @ 3% per annum.
Besides the Terminals shall comprise shops which shall earn rental income as given below:

l) Taxi Stand
Construction of Taxi Terminal is proposed to be carried out at a cost of Rs. 1000 lacs.
The Taxi Terminal shall earn rental income of Rs. 70.08 lacs per annum. The same has been arrived as below:
Particulars No. of Bays Minutes per Day Minutes per Taxi Rent per Taxi (Rs.) Income (Rs. lacs)
Income from Bays 40 1440 30 10 70.08
Besides the Terminals shall comprise shops which shall earn rental income as given below:

m) Development of Boating Facility at Saghar Pokhar
The Boating Facility to be developed at Saghar Pokhar shall not derive any income for the Municipality.
n) Income from Advertisment
It is assumed that the Municipality shall collect income from hoardings and advertisements to be put at various places and the same shall result in net
income of Rs. 5 lacs per annum.
o) Other Existing Income
It is estimated that the other existing income of the Municipal Council shall grow as under:
Non Tax Revenue – 5% per annum
Assigned Revenue – 5% per annum
Revenue Grants – 4% per annum
Other Income – 5% per annum
Capital Grants – 5% per annum
p) Other Existing Expenses
All expenditure are assumed to increase as under:

Establishment Expenses – 5% per annum
O&M Expenses – 5% per annum
Program Expenses – 5% per annum
Administration Expenses – 5% per annum
Miscellaneous Expenses – 5% per annum
q) Operation & Maintenance Expenses
The Operation & Maintenance of new projects shall be as under:
Economy, Trade & Commerce – 5% of Capital Cost
Water Supply – 6% of Capital Cost
Sewerage – 6% of Capital Cost
Drainage – 5% of Capital Cost
Solid Waste Management – 15% of Capital Cost
Housing & Slums – 2% of Capital Cost
Urban Transportation – 3% of Capital Cost
Education - 3% of Capital Cost
Health – 3% of Capital Cost

Urban Environment – 3% of Capital Cost
Heritage & Tourism – 4% of Capital Cost
Urban Governance – 2% of Capital Cost
The above operation & maintenance expenses shall increase @ 5% per annum.
r) Interest
Interest on loans have been provided based on the sanction rate for each loan. Repayment of loans are based on the repayment schedule of each loan.
In respect of New Loans, it is assumed that the interest rate would be 9.5% p.a.
The new loans shall be repaid over a period of 20 years with 5 years moratorium.
s) Depreciation
Depreciation is provided @ 3% p.a. on WDV Method on the total fixed assets of the Municipal Council.
t) Deposit
The Deposit Collection from Users in the first 4 years shall be utilized towards ULB’s contribution towards capital cost.
The Gap in ULB contribution would have to be met by way of additional operational grants in the initial 4 years, which would be recovered from the
Municipal Council in the later years.
In the alternative, the projects may have to be prioritized and take up over a period of next 10 years instead of 4 years.
u) Funding Pattern
The funding pattern of all remunerative projects is taken as Loan – 40%, Grant – 30% and ULB Own Contribution – 30%.

The funding pattern of all non remunerative projects is taken as Grant – 90% and ULB contribution – 10%.
Smaller projects are assumed to be funded by way of 100% ULB Contribution.
14.5 Project Cash Flow and FOP

Detailed cash flows are worked out for each of the sub projects based on the assumptions with regards investment phasing, financing pattern,
additional operation and maintenance expenditure and additional income out to proposed capital investments for the full project scenario. The net
project cash flows are then loaded on the existing revenues to test their impact on the overall Municipality fiscal situation.
a) Income and Expenditure projections
Table captures the Income and Expenditure projections for the next 30 years with potential improvements and borrowings:
Table 14-4: Consolidated Income & Expenditure for next 30 years (up to FY 2039-40)
(Rs. in lacs)
Actuals Projections
S.N
Particulars 2019-
o 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
20
I Income
a) Total Tax Revenues 131.41 12.14 197.00 263.00 329.00 394.00 460.00 526.00 606.69 617.79 629.09 640.60
b) Total Non Tax Revenues 159.70 6.00 240.00 319.00 399.00 479.00 559.00 639.00 670.95 704.50 739.72 776.71
Total Own Income 291.11 18.14 437.00 582.00 728.00 873.00 1019.00 1165.00 1277.64 1322.29 1368.81 1417.31
c) Assigned Revenue 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
d) Revenue Grants 339.88 53.77 203.00 211.00 219.00 228.00 237.00 246.00 255.84 266.07 276.72 287.79
e) Other Income 43.33 22.55 35.00 37.00 39.00 41.00 43.00 45.00 47.25 49.61 52.09 54.70
f) Income from New Projects 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 5.25 1248.69 1373.32 1556.18 1627.71 1672.26 1777.80 1843.77

Actuals Projections
S.N
Particulars 2019-
o 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
20
Total Income 965.43 112.61 1112.00 1417.00 1719.25 3263.69 3691.32 4177.18 4486.08 4632.52 4844.24 5020.87
II Expenditure
a) Establishment Cost 494.04 161.28 344.00 378.00 397.00 417.00 438.00 460.00 483.00 507.15 532.51 559.13
b) Operation & Maintenace Exps 3.78 5.11 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.25 5.51 5.79 6.08
c) Program Expenses 50.44 80.51 69.00 72.00 76.00 80.00 84.00 88.00 92.40 97.02 101.87 106.96
d) Administration Expenses 2.98 4.78 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.20 4.41 4.63 4.86
e) Miscellaneous Expenditure 42.23 39.80 43.00 45.00 47.00 49.00 51.00 54.00 56.70 59.54 62.51 65.64
f) O&M on Reminerative Projects 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 211.43 323.88 1022.73 1411.36 1481.93 1556.03 1633.83
g) O&M of Other Projects 0.00 0.00 0.00 140.69 370.79 480.85 504.60 529.53 555.70 583.17 612.01 642.28
Total Expenditure 593.48 291.47 465.00 644.69 899.79 1247.28 1410.48 2163.25 2608.61 2738.73 2875.34 3018.79
Surplus / (Deficit) before

III Interest 371.95 (178.86) 647.00 772.31 819.46 2016.42 2280.84 2013.93 1877.47 1893.80 1968.89 2002.08
and Depreciation
Finance Charges - - 0.00 15.53 279.14 614.31 894.49 894.49 893.46 883.12 853.34 1276.70
IV Surplus / (Deficit) before

Depreciation 371.95 (178.86) 647.00 756.78 540.32 1402.11 1386.35 1119.44 984.01 1010.68 1115.56 725.38
Depreciation - - - 92.72 428.60 909.34 1240.33 1313.71 1274.30 1236.07 1198.99 1374.45
V Net Surplus / (Deficit) 371.95 (178.86) 647.00 664.06 111.73 492.77 146.02 (194.28) (290.29) (225.39) (83.43) (649.08)

(Rs. in lacs)
S.No Particulars 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 2027-28 2028-29 2029-30
I Income
a) Total Tax Revenues 652.13 749.75 763.24 776.98 790.96 805.02 925.55 942.01 958.76 975.81
b) Total Non Tax Revenues 815.54 856.32 899.14 944.09 991.30 1040.86 1092.91 1147.55 1204.93 1265.18
Total Own Income 1467.67 1606.07 1662.38 1721.07 1782.25 1845.88 2018.46 2089.56 2163.69 2240.98
c) Assigned Revenue 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
d) Revenue Grants 299.30 311.27 323.72 336.67 350.13 364.14 378.71 393.85 409.61 425.99
e) Other Income 57.43 60.30 63.32 66.49 69.81 73.30 76.97 80.81 84.85 89.10
f) Income from New Projects 1948.54 2000.68 2054.27 2174.66 2232.46 2351.88 2413.86 2477.56 2614.36 2682.90
Total Income 5240.61 5584.40 5766.06 6019.95 6216.91 6481.08 6906.45 7131.35 7436.20 7679.96
II Expenditure
a) Establishment Cost 587.09 616.44 647.27 679.63 713.61 749.29 786.76 826.09 867.40 910.77
b) Operation & Maintenace Exps 6.38 6.70 7.04 7.39 7.76 8.14 8.55 8.98 9.43 9.90
c) Program Expenses 112.31 117.93 123.82 130.02 136.52 143.34 150.51 158.04 165.94 174.23
d) Administration Expenses 5.11 5.36 5.63 5.91 6.21 6.52 6.84 7.18 7.54 7.92
e) Miscellaneous Expenditure 68.92 72.37 75.98 79.78 83.77 87.96 92.36 96.98 101.83 106.92
f) O&M on Reminerative Projects 1979.32 2078.28 2182.20 2291.31 2405.87 2651.17 2783.73 2922.91 3069.06 3222.51
g) O&M of Other Projects 674.07 707.43 742.46 779.23 817.83 858.35 900.90 945.56 992.45 1041.68
Total Expenditure 3433.19 3604.51 3784.39 3973.26 4171.57 4504.78 4729.64 4965.74 5213.64 5473.93
III Surplus / (Deficit) before Interest 1807.42 1979.88 1981.67 2046.69 2045.35 1976.31 2176.81 2165.61 2222.56 2206.03
and Depreciation
Finance Charges 1217.07 1157.44 1097.80 1038.17 1065.63 974.42 883.21 792.00 700.79 894.75

S.No Particulars 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 2027-28 2028-29 2029-30
Depreciation 590.35 822.44 883.86 1008.52 979.71 1001.88 1293.60 1373.60 1521.77 1311.28
Depreciation 1544.65 1498.31 1453.36 1409.76 1557.80 1701.39 1650.35 1600.84 1552.81 1779.53
V Net Surplus / (Deficit) (954.30) (675.87) (569.50) (401.24) (578.08) (699.50) (356.75) (227.23) (31.04) (468.25)
(Rs. in lacs)
S.No Particulars 2030-31 2031-32 2032-33 2033-34 2034-35 2035-36 2036-37 2037-38 2038-39 2039-40
I Income
a) Total Tax Revenues 993.16 1141.88 1162.18 1182.85 1203.88 1225.28 1408.79 1433.84 1459.33 1485.28
b) Total Non Tax Revenues 1328.44 1394.86 1464.60 1537.83 1614.72 1695.46 1780.23 1869.24 1962.70 2060.84
Total Own Income 2321.59 2536.74 2626.78 2720.68 2818.60 2920.74 3189.02 3303.08 3422.04 3546.12
c) Assigned Revenue 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
d) Revenue Grants 443.03 460.75 479.18 498.35 518.28 539.02 560.58 583.00 606.32 630.57
e) Other Income 93.55 98.23 103.14 108.30 113.71 119.40 125.37 131.64 138.22 145.13
f) Income from New Projects 2819.02 2892.56 2968.12 3123.66 3204.81 3359.92 3446.86 3536.16 3712.99 3808.76
Total Income 7998.79 8525.01 8804.01 9171.66 9474.01 9859.82 10510.84 10856.96 11301.60 11676.70
II Expenditure
a) Establishment Cost 956.31 1004.12 1054.33 1107.04 1162.40 1220.52 1281.54 1345.62 1412.90 1483.55
b) Operation & Maintenace Exps 10.39 10.91 11.46 12.03 12.63 13.27 13.93 14.63 15.36 16.13
c) Program Expenses 182.95 192.09 201.70 211.78 222.37 233.49 245.16 257.42 270.29 283.81
d) Administration Expenses 8.32 8.73 9.17 9.63 10.11 10.61 11.14 11.70 12.29 12.90
e) Miscellaneous Expenditure 112.26 117.88 123.77 129.96 136.46 143.28 150.44 157.96 165.86 174.16

S.No Particulars 2030-31 2031-32 2032-33 2033-34 2034-35 2035-36 2036-37 2037-38 2038-39 2039-40
f) O&M on Reminerative Projects 3383.64 3552.82 3730.46 3916.98 4112.83 4318.47 4534.40 4761.12 4999.17 5249.13
g) O&M of Other Projects 1093.36 1147.61 1204.57 1264.37 1327.15 1393.06 1462.26 1534.90 1611.17 1691.25
Total Expenditure 5747.22 6034.17 6335.45 6651.80 6983.95 7332.70 7698.88 8083.35 8487.05 8910.92
III Surplus / (Deficit) before Interest 2251.57 2490.85 2468.55 2519.86 2490.06 2527.12 2811.97 2773.61 2814.55 2765.78
and Depreciation
Finance Charges 796.68 699.65 611.92 543.63 486.24 428.56 370.88 313.21 255.53 213.64

Depreciation 1454.89 1791.20 1856.63 1976.23 2003.82 2098.56 2441.08 2460.40 2559.02 2552.14
Depreciation 1999.45 1939.47 1881.28 1824.84 1770.10 1717.00 1665.49 1615.52 1567.06 1520.04
V Net Surplus / (Deficit) (544.56) (148.27) (24.65) 151.39 233.73 381.57 775.60 844.88 991.97 1032.09
14.6 Impact of Potential Improvements

Bettiah’s ability to improve on its financial performance hinges primarily on its ability to sustain and improve on the revenue growth noticeable in
recent years.
Specific interventions with respect to revenue realization and cost management are given under financial reforms to be carried out by the Municipality.
Bettiah has vast potential for increasing its own income given the growth achieved in the last few years and the projected growth in population of 1.8%.
Areas for revenue enhancement in own revenue include:

Property Tax – through an enhanced revision in ARV, widening assesse base and closer scrutiny. Besides periodic increase (every 5 years) in
property tax rates.
Professional Tax – sustaining a higher assessment growth.
User Charges – periodic increases in user charges for water connections, sewerage connections and solid waste management. The Municipality
could generate additional income by providing water connections to 90% of property tax assessments and sewerage connections to 80% of
property tax assessments.
Income from other remunerative projects and periodical increase in user charges.
Bettiah also needs to explore scope for private sector participation and corporate involvement for development of remunerative projects and city
beautification projects that have been identified in the FOP thereby reducing the Municipality’s financial burden.
While there is potential for expenditure control in certain areas (as in the case of energy costs and leakage in water supply), the focus of cost
management should be to shift expenditure from administration to better asset management and service levels. We have not factored in any cost
reduction in the FOP and have assumed that any savings generated from cost reduction would go into augmenting service levels and better asset
management.
A comprehensive energy audit is required, given that 60-70% of its operations and maintenance expenditure is spent on electricity charges. Plugging
leakage in the water supply network and installation of timers and energy savers on the street light network are important interventions needed in the
context of Bettiah’s high power costs.

14.7 Scenarios
14.7.1 Scenario I – Estimation of Investment Capacity by considering all projects and all financial reforms
In Scenario I, the financial projections have been worked out for the next 30 years, by taking into consideration all the financial and other reforms as
indicated as assumptions would be carried out by the Municipality. All the projects identified in FOP have been taken into consideration to arrive at the
investment and borrowing capacity. Future income and expenditure of these individual projects have been worked out by considering the financial
reforms and then consolidated to arrive at the Municipality’s net surplus / (deficit) for the next 30 years. The financial projections for the next 30 years
have been taken to arrive at the Borrowing and Investment capacity. We have arrived at the borrowing capacity of Bettiah Municipality on the
minimum of the following:
30% of revenue projections

Primary Operating Surplus (Surpus before Interest & Deprecation)
The net present value (NPV) of the least of the above has been worked out to arrive at the borrowing capacity of the Municipality. The Investment
Capacity has been arrived on dividing the borrowing capacity by loan component %.
Summary of Borrowing and Investment Capacity
Borrowing Capacity Rs. 13400 lacs
Investment Capacity (BC/0.15) Rs. 89000 lacs
Investment Requirement Rs. 68477 lacs
Sustainable Investment Capacity % - IC / IR 130%

At an aggregate level, assuming loans to be equivalent to 15% of investment, sustainable investment capacity works out to 130% viz. Rs. 89000 lacs.
14.7.2 Scenario II – Estimation of Investment Capacity by considering all projects excluding Education & Health and all financial reforms
In Scenario II, the financial projections have been worked out for the next 30 years, by taking into consideration all the financial and other reforms as
indicated as assumptions would be carried out by the Municipality. All the projects identified in FOP except projects relating to Education & Health
Sectors have been taken into consideration to arrive at the investment and borrowing capacity.
Future income and expenditure of these individual projects have been worked out by considering the financial reforms and then consolidated to arrive
at the Municipality’s net surplus / (deficit) for the next 30 years. The financial projections for the next 30 years have been taken to arrive at the
Borrowing and Investment capacity. We have arrived at the borrowing capacity of Bettiah Municipality on the minimum of the following:
30% of revenue projections

Primary Operating Surplus (Surplus before Interest & Deprecation)
The net present value (NPV) of the least of the above has been worked out to arrive at the borrowing capacity of the Municipality. The Investment
Capacity has been arrived on dividing the borrowing capacity by loan component %.

14.7.3 Scenario III - Estimation of Borrowing and Investment Capacity by considering all Projects without Financial Reforms
We also carried out the exercise of arriving at the Investment and Borrowing Capacity on as is where basis without any financial reforms being carried
out and with all new projects taken into consideration. In such a scenario, the Investment and Borrowing Capacity works out as below:
The Municipality may not be in a position to undertake the projects given in the FOP unless the financial reforms like collection of user charges for all
remunerative projects, periodical increase in tax rates and user charges, collection of rental income based on market rates on all assets owned by the
Municipality and let out, improvement in collection efficiency and widening the tax base are not carried out.

14.8 Key Indicators

The key Indictors of Bettiah Municipality for Scenario II based on the financial projections works out as below:
Key Indicators Average for the next 30 years Norm
Total Earnings / Total Revenue 0% 10%
Total Earnings before Dep / Total Revenue 23% 20%
Operating Ratio 77% 80%
Debt Service / Total Revenue 21% 30%
Debt Service Coverage Ratio 3.61 2
14.9 Inference
It can thus be concluded that the Municipality would be in a position to undertake the projects mentioned in FOP only if the financial reforms
are carried out.
The borrowing capacity of Bettiah Municipality works out to Rs. 14000 lacs.
The investment capacity of Bettiah Municipality works out to Rs. 70250 lacs.

As against the total investment requirement of Rs. 56827 lacs, the investment capacity works out to Rs. 70250 lacs. Thus the sustainable
investment capacity works out to 124%.
Considering the same, Bettiah Municipality would be in a position to undertake all the projects except for health and education sector
mentioned in FOP.
As already discussed, projects under Education and Health are to be undertaken mainly by way of Grants; the Municipality can go ahead and
undertake these projects also.
Bettiah Municipality can prioritize the projects to be undertaken by the Municipality. Thus all projects indicated as ‘A’ in the priority list can be
taken up immediately and the projects indicated as ‘B’ in the priority list can be spread out over the next 10 years.
The Municipality should also look at the possibility of increasing revenue from other sources like sale of services, rental income from properties
etc. This would improve the viability of the Municipality and there by undertake more projects.

CITY DEVELOPMENT
ANNEXURES
Annexure 1: Stakeholder Consultation Format
City Development Plan

Bettiah Municipal Council
Name: Address:
Date: Place of Interview:

Your Views about the Development of your city
Infrastructure related problems in city in your views:

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
In your views Solution for the Problems:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
General problems in city:
Sectoral Priority for Development of City Main Priority for Development of Sector
1) 1)
2) 2)
3) 3)
4) 4)
5) 5)
6) 6)
7) 7)
8) 8)
Your View About City Development Plan:
Your Views are important to us in preparation of City Development Plan. We request

you to Include more pages for your additional detailed Views Signature and Name
Thanks for Providing Your Views on City Development to Voyants Solutions Pvt. Ltd

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Annexure 2: List of Stakeholders
SR NO DEPARTMENT OR DESIGINATION
1 DM(Bettiah)
2 Senior Superitendent of Police
3 Senior Dept Commissioner
4 Superitendent of Police
5 M.P
6 M.L.A
7 Municipal Council Chairman
8 Municipal Council Dept. Chairman
9 S.D.O (PHED)
10 Head Clerk Nagar Parishad
11 City Manager Municipal Council
12 Amin & Computer Operator Municipal Council
13 Computer Operator Municipal Council
14 Clerk Nagar Parishad
15 Assistant, Nagar Parishad
16 Executive Engineer (PHED)
17 Executive Officer Municipal council
18 Secretary, Bhartiya Manav Vikash Sanshtan(NGO)
19 District Coordinater,Bhartiya Manav Vikash Sanshtan(NGO)
20 Chairman, Nav Sandesh(NGO)
21 Secretary General Motihari Chamber of Commerce
22-59 WARD COUNCILLORS

CITY DEVELOPMENT
SR NO DEPARTMENT OR DESIGINATION
60 Reporter, Hindustan
61 Advocate Bar Association
62 President Hotel Association
63 Loins Club President
64 Merchant
65 Manager, Amar Joyti Travels
66 Manager, Sheet Basant Travels
67 Secretary Rotary Club
68 Slum Dewellers
69 Citizen of Bettiah
70 President Rotary Club
71 Merchant, Member Rotary Club
72 Director IDCS Pvt. Ltd. (Architecture & Planning)
73 Red Cross

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Annexure 3: Ward wise population distribution in BMC, 2001
WARD NO. Ward Total Population Male Population Female Population
Ward No. 1 3,080 1,619 1,461
Ward No. 2 3,636 1,946 1,690
Ward No. 3 3,130 1,653 1,477
Ward No. 4 4,952 2,518 2,434
Ward No. 5 1,634 865 769
Ward No. 6 5,290 2,773 2,517
Ward No. 7 3,841 2,065 1,776
Ward No. 8 6,245 3,297 2,948
Ward No. 9 5,556 2,875 2,681
Ward No. 10 4,976 2,611 2,365
Ward No. 11 4,437 2,343 2,094
Ward No. 12 4,342 2,295 2,047
Ward No. 13 4,703 2,506 2,197
Ward No. 14 5,791 3,045 2,746
Ward No. 15 2,537 1,361 1,176
Ward No. 16 3,891 2,020 1,871
Ward No. 17 4,218 2,277 1,941
Ward No. 18 4,258 2,198 2,060
Ward No. 19 6,968 3,752 3,216
Ward No. 20 2,347 1,200 1,147
Ward No. 21 4,125 2,237 1,888
Ward No. 22 4,463 2,463 2,000
Ward No. 23 6,014 3,125 2,889
Ward No. 24 5,725 3,066 2,659
Ward No. 25 10,511 5,643 4,868
TOTAL 116,670 61,753 54,917


CITY DEVELOPMENT
Annexure 4: Ward wise population distribution in BMC, 2011
WARD NO WARD TOTAL POPULATION MALE FEMALE

1 5497 3237 2260
2 4202 2237 1965
3 4170 2190 1980
4 4207 2246 1961
5 4406 2282 2124
6 2417 1301 1116
7 4153 2167 1986
8 3194 1675 1519
9 4180 2209 1971
10 3914 2056 1858
11 2083 1112 971
12 3198 1627 1571
13 2003 1074 929
14 3631 1865 1766
15 3985 2065 1920
16 2776 1435 1341
17 2249 1156 1093
18 2778 1462 1316
19 3230 1674 1556
20 3583 1876 1707
21 1298 663 635
22 2885 1497 1388
23 3798 2057 1741
24 2947 1539 1408
25 2491 1287 1204
26 2849 1535 1314
27 4102 2111 1991
28 4298 2327 2031
29 4449 2314 2135
30 4037 2156 1881
31 4286 2275 2011
32 5684 3002 2682
33 3122 1670 1452
34 3578 1907 1671
35 3538 1836 1702
36 3088 1675 1413
37 3842 2023 1819
38 2549 1385 1164
39 3034 1592 1442
Total 135731 71797 63994

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Annexure 5: Social composition of SC and ST population in BMC
Ward nos. SC Population ST Population SC % ST %

Ward no. 1 69 15 2.24% 0.49%
Ward no. 2 4 - 0.11% 0.00%
Ward no. 3 53 24 1.69% 0.77%
Ward no. 4 120 39 2.42% 0.79%
Ward no. 5 21 28 1.29% 1.71%
Ward no. 6 134 75 2.53% 1.42%
Ward no. 7 18 - 0.47% 0.00%
Ward no. 8 425 - 6.81% 0.00%
Ward no. 9 - 25 0.00% 0.45%
Ward no. 10 313 90 6.29% 1.81%
Ward no. 11 60 - 1.35% 0.00%
Ward no. 12 73 - 1.68% 0.00%
Ward no. 13 131 2 2.79% 0.04%
Ward no. 14 53 - 0.92% 0.00%
Ward no. 15 119 - 4.69% 0.00%
Ward no. 16 115 - 2.96% 0.00%
Ward no. 17 56 - 1.33% 0.00%
Ward no. 18 49 38 1.15% 0.89%
Ward no. 19 298 69 4.28% 0.99%
Ward no. 20 82 - 3.49% 0.00%
Ward no. 21 142 60 3.44% 1.45%
Ward no. 22 369 12 8.27% 0.27%
Ward no. 23 2,772 37 46.09% 0.62%
Ward no. 24 64 34 1.12% 0.59%
Ward no. 25 2,069 17 19.68% 0.16%
TOTAL 7,609 565 6.52% 0.48%

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Annexure 6: Ward wise literacy rate in BMC
Ward nos. Literates Male Literates Female literates Literacy rate (%)
Ward no. 1 2,221 1,251 970 72%
Ward no. 2 2,562 1,465 1,097 70%
Ward no. 3 2,513 1,365 1,148 80%
Ward no. 4 3,602 1,911 1,691 73%
Ward no. 5 1,389 745 644 85%
Ward no. 6 3,048 1,782 1,266 58%
Ward no. 7 2,821 1,641 1,180 73%
Ward no. 8 3,447 2,048 1,399 55%
Ward no. 9 3,323 1,837 1,486 60%
Ward no. 10 2,845 1,652 1,193 57%
Ward no. 11 2,285 1,397 888 51%
Ward no. 12 1,758 1,069 689 40%
Ward no. 13 3,108 1,770 1,338 66%
Ward no. 14 3,887 2,180 1,707 67%
Ward no. 15 1,757 1,024 733 69%
Ward no. 16 2,762 1,527 1,235 71%
Ward no. 17 2,914 1,685 1,229 69%
Ward no. 18 3,223 1,759 1,464 76%
Ward no. 19 4,665 2,724 1,941 67%
Ward no. 20 1,715 919 796 73%
Ward no. 21 2,923 1,691 1,232 71%
Ward no. 22 3,560 2,075 1,485 80%
Ward no. 23 2,921 1,770 1,151 49%
Ward no. 24 2,487 1,605 882 43%
Ward no. 25 5,899 3,644 2,255 56%
TOTAL 73,635 42,536 31,099 63%

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Annexure 7: Comparative sex ratio in BMC
Ward nos. Sex Ratio
Ward no. 1 902
Ward no. 2 868
Ward no. 3 894
Ward no. 4 967
Ward no. 5 889
Ward no. 6 908
Ward no. 7 860
Ward no. 8 894
Ward no. 9 933
Ward no. 10 906
Ward no. 11 894
Ward no. 12 892
Ward no. 13 877
Ward no. 14 902
Ward no. 15 864
Ward no. 16 926
Ward no. 17 852
Ward no. 18 937
Ward no. 19 857
Ward no. 20 956
Ward no. 21 844
Ward no. 22 812
Ward no. 23 924
Ward no. 24 867
Ward no. 25 863
TOTAL 889

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Annexure 8: Urban Work Force Participation Rate in BMC
WARD NOS. WFPR % MAIN WORKERS % MARGINAL WORKERS %
Ward no. 1 24% 22% 2%
Ward no. 2 27% 26% 1%
Ward no. 3 28% 25% 2%
Ward no. 4 25% 24% 1%
Ward no. 5 27% 25% 2%
Ward no. 6 23% 20% 3%
Ward no. 7 23% 22% 1%
Ward no. 8 22% 18% 3%
Ward no. 9 22% 21% 1%
Ward no. 10 23% 21% 2%
Ward no. 11 22% 21% 1%
Ward no. 12 25% 19% 6%
Ward no. 13 21% 19% 2%
Ward no. 14 25% 22% 3%
Ward no. 15 26% 25% 1%
Ward no. 16 23% 21% 1%
Ward no. 17 26% 23% 3%
Ward no. 18 25% 21% 4%
Ward no. 19 24% 21% 3%
Ward no. 20 21% 20% 2%
Ward no. 21 24% 22% 2%
Ward no. 22 24% 23% 0%
Ward no. 23 25% 17% 8%
Ward no. 24 27% 18% 9%
Ward no. 25 24% 21% 2%
TOTAL 24% 21% 3%

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Annexure 9: Ward wise housing deficit in Bettiah for 2011
WARD NOS NO. OF HH TOTAL POPULATION AVG. HH SIZE GAP
1 432 3,080 7.1 184
2 583 3,636 6.2 144
3 604 3,130 5.2 22
4 796 4,952 6.2 194
5 304 1,634 5.4 23
6 782 5,290 6.8 276
7 617 3,841 6.2 151
8 1,007 6,245 6.2 242
9 732 5,556 7.6 379
10 767 4,976 6.5 228
11 696 4,437 6.4 191
12 658 4,342 6.6 210
13 638 4,703 7.4 303
14 839 5,791 6.9 319
15 434 2,537 5.8 73
16 569 3,891 6.8 209
17 590 4,218 7.1 254
18 711 4,258 6.0 141
19 1,080 6,968 6.5 314
20 312 2,347 7.5 157
21 621 4,125 6.6 204
22 786 4,463 5.7 107
23 927 6,014 6.5 276
24 876 5,725 6.5 269
25 1,690 10,511 6.2 412
TOTAL 18051 116670 6.5 5283

Source: Census of India, 2001 & VSPL estimates

CITY DEVELOPMENT
Annexure 10: List of Slum pockets in Bettiah
Sl.No. Ward No. Slum Name No. of Household Caste

1. 1 Jamadar Tola 100 OBC, SC
2. 1 Basant Tola 150 OBC
3. 2 Nagdahiya 100 Minorities, OBC
4. 2 Badhai Tola 50 SC, OBC
5. 2 Ahir Toli 30 OBC
6. 2 Hazari Camp (Bengalis) 40 Minorities
7. 2 Hazari Tola 20 SC
8. 3 Kishan Bagh 50 EBC
9. 4 Gusukpur Kujra Patti 50 Minorities
10. 4 Noniya Dih 100 SC, OBC
11. 4 Gusukpur (Rajendra Nagar) 50 SC, OBC
12. 4 Uttarwari Pokhra 50 SC, OBC
13. 5 Pasiya Toli 40 SC
14. 5 Harijan Toli 20 SC
15. 5 Musal Toli 40 Minorities
16. 5 Mirza Toli 20 Minorities
17. 5 Noniya Toli 25 OBC
18. 6 Maharani Jankipur Nagar 250 EBC, Minorities
19. 8 Chik Patti 80 Minorities
20. 8 Purani Gudari Dih 50 OBC
21. 8 Rajguru Chowk 30 OBC
22. 9 Patel Nagar (Darji Tola) 150 Minorities
23. 10 Kujra Toli 150 Minorities
24. 10 Dhobi Tola 50 Minorities
25. 10 Tatwa Toli 50 Minorities
26. 10 Gond Tola 50 ST, OBC
27. 10 Harijan Toli 75 SC
28. 10 Turha Toli 200 Minorities
29. 10 Noniya Toli 50 SC, OBC
30. 10 Paasi Tola 30 EBC
31. 11 Nayka Bazaar Chowk (Lohar Toli) 50 SC, OBC
32. 12 Mistar Toli 200 SC, EBC
33. 12 Gondwan Toli 100 ST, Minorities
34. 14 Diwan Patti 40 Minorities
35. 14 Kali Bagh Muhalla 50 SC
36. 15 Naya Tola, Badhai Patti 50 EBC
37. 16 Paasi Tola (Ganj No. 01) 30 EBC
38. 18 Ghasiya Patti 25 Minorities, OBC
39. 18 Red Light Area (Nazneen Chowk) 80 Minorities
40. 19 Chik Patti , Nazneen Chowk 6 Minorities
41. 19 Kujra Patti 40 Minorities
19 Teli Patti 100 Minorities

CITY DEVELOPMENT

42. 19 Jolha Patti 45 Minorities
43. 20 Miskar Toli 45 Miskaars
44. 20 Godoha 30 Dhuniya
45. 20 Halwai Patti 30 OBC
46. 20 Behind Ganesh Mandir 40 OBC, SC
47. 21 Kurmi Tola (Rajguru Chowk) 30 OBC
48. 21 Dargah Muhalla 50 EBC, SC
49. 22 Dargah Muhalla 100 Minorities
50. 23 Bhola Babu Colony 35 SC
52. 24 Shaheed Chowk (Mohameddan Tola) 40 Minorities
53. 24 Gurudwara 50 Minorities
54. 25 Hospital road, Passi Tola 40 Minorities, EBC
55. 25 Hospital road, Harijan Basti 30 SC, Minorities
56. 25 Muslim Basti 50 SC, OBC
57. 26 Pashupati Nagar 60 SC
58. 26 Lodh Pati 50 SC
59. 27 Jagjeevan Nagar 40 SC
60. 27 Dom Toli 100 SC
61. 27 Imli Chowk (Paasi Tola) 100 SC
62. 28 Pachim Muhalla (Banswariya) 100 Minorities, OBC
63. 29 Dhuniya Patti 200 Minorities
64. 29 Damadwa Tola 150 Minorities
65. 29 Jagdambba Nagar 100 OBC, EBC, Minorities
66. 29 Gond Patti 150 OBC, ST
67. 29 Badhai Tola 60 OBC
68. 29 Narayani Chowk 100 OBC, SC
69. 30 Pakdi Muhalla 70 Minorities
70. 30 Madhukunj Nagar 40 SC, OBC
71. 30 Gyanodaya Nagar 50 SC, OBC
72. 30 Noniya Toli 150 EBC
73. 30 Daroga Tola 150 EBC, SC
74. 31 Ambedkar Colony 200 SC
75. 31 Ghusukpura 200 Minorities
76. 31 Gyanodaya Nagar 50 SC, EBC
77. 31 Michael Colony 75 Minorities
78. 31 Sikshak Nagar 120 SC
79. 31 Gandhi Nagar 100 OBC, EBC
80. 31 Kureshi Muhalla 60 Minorities
81. 32 Pioni Bagh 200 SC, Minorities
82. 32 Nauranga Bagh 250 EBCs
83. 32 Durga Bagh 100 SC, Minorities
84. 32 Bel Bagh (Bengali Colony) 250 SC
33 Kodhiya Patti 250 SC, OBC, Minorities

CITY DEVELOPMENT

85. 33 Alkatra 100 SC, OBC, Minorities
86. 34 Pijua Pokhra 150 Minorities
87. 34 Ujjain Tola 50 Minorities
88. 34 Dak Ghar (West) 50 OBC
89. 35 Mahawat Toli 100 Minorities
90. 35 Ujjain Tola 75 Minorities, SC
91. 36 Station Pokhra 25 SC, OBC
92. 36 Noori Masjid (Bus Stand Road) 40 Minorities
93. 36 Hari Vatika Chowk 40 OBC
94. 37 Adarsh Colony 40 EBC
95. 37 Kolri Tola 40 SC
96. 37 Station Chowk 25 OBC
97. 38 New Bus Stand Road - Durga Nagar 35 OBC, SC
99. 7 Noniyar Patti 30 OBC
100. 7 Chikpatti 20 Minorities
101. 12 Chik Toli 30 Minorities
102. 13 Hajam Toli 30 OBC
103. 15 Tatma Toli 40 Minorities, OBC
104. 15 Beldaar Toli 40 OBC, SC
105. 15 Badhia Toli 25 OBC
106. 17 Mali Tola 25 OBC
Source: Bettiah Municipal Council

Final CDP Bettiah

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Urban Development & Housing Department, Govt.

1.3. Objective of the Study .................................................................................................................... 2

1.4. Coverage of the Study area............................................................................................................. 2

2 Bettiah City: Overview ...................................................................................................... 9

2.2 Historical Footprints........................................................................................................................ 9

2.3 Geographical Settings ................................................................................................................... 10

2.4 Connectivity & Linkages ................................................................................................................ 11

2.4.3 Airways .................................................................................................................................. 13

2.6 Study Area: Bettiah Municipal Council ......................................................................................... 15

2.7 Demographic Profile ..................................................................................................................... 15

2.7.1 Population ............................................................................................................................. 15

2.7.2 Population Growth Trend ..................................................................................................... 16

2.7.4 Density .................................................................................................................................. 17

2.7.5 Schedule Caste & Schedule Tribe Population ....................................................................... 17

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2.7.7 Sex Ratio................................................................................................................................ 18

2.7.8 Population Projections .......................................................................................................... 19

2.7.9 Issues, Potentials and Strategies........................................................................................... 20

2.8 Economic Profile ........................................................................................................................... 20

2.8.1 Regional Potential ................................................................................................................. 20

2.8.2 Economic profile – City Level ................................................................................................ 25

2.9.1 Existing Land use ................................................................................................................... 31

2.9.2 Spatial Growth Trend ............................................................................................................ 32

2.9.3 Future Growth Direction ....................................................................................................... 32

3 Sector Analysis and Gap Assessment ............................................................................... 35

3.1.3 Water Quality ........................................................................................................................ 36

3.1.4 Water Treatment Facilities ................................................................................................... 37

3.1.6 Projected Water Demand ..................................................................................................... 37

3.1.7 Gap Assessment and Future requirement ............................................................................ 38

3.2 Sewerage System & Sanitation ..................................................................................................... 39

3.2.2 Public Conveniences & Public Toilets ................................................................................... 40

3.2.5 Future Sewage Generation in BMC area............................................................................... 41

3.2.6 Gap and assessment of future requirement ......................................................................... 42

3.2.7 Strategy for Development..................................................................................................... 42

3.3.1 Existing System...................................................................................................................... 43

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3.3.2 Current Situation Analysis & comparison with Benchmark .................................................. 45

3.3.3 Strategies for Development .................................................................................................. 45

3.4 Urban Roads, Traffic and Transport Network ............................................................................... 46

3.4.1 Existing Situation ................................................................................................................... 46

3.4.2 Public Transport .................................................................................................................... 48

3.4.4 Mode of Travel ...................................................................................................................... 50

3.4.6 Parking Facilities.................................................................................................................... 52

3.5 Solid Waste Management ............................................................................................................. 54

3.5.4 Transportation ...................................................................................................................... 55

3.5.6 Key Issues .............................................................................................................................. 56

3.6 Street Lighting ............................................................................................................................... 57

3.6.2 Gaps and future requirement assessment ........................................................................... 57

4 Social Infrastructure ....................................................................................................... 61

4.1.1 Gap Assessment .................................................................................................................... 61

4.2 Educational facilities ..................................................................................................................... 62

4.3 Recreation ..................................................................................................................................... 64

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4.4 Other Facilities .............................................................................................................................. 64

4.5 SWOT Analysis............................................................................................................................... 65

4.6 Development Strategies................................................................................................................ 65

5 Housing & Slums ............................................................................................................. 66

5.1.2 Housing Condition ................................................................................................................. 67

5.1.3 Present & Future Housing Demand ...................................................................................... 69

5.1.4 Issues & Potentials ................................................................................................................ 69

5.1.7 Possible Development Strategies ......................................................................................... 71

5.1.10 Availability of basic Social infrastructure in slums ................................................................ 72

5.1.11 Social Set up .......................................................................................................................... 72

5.1.13 Average Income .................................................................................................................... 72