SOLO

FRAMEWORK
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, the participants are
expected to:
▪Explain SOLO TAXONOMY
▪Use SOLO Framework in test development and in
writing, scoring, interpreting and communicating
test results
 • Structure of Observed
Learning Outcome

• It is a framework
SOLO for understanding and
analyzing a student’s depth of
TAXONOMY knowledge

• It was popularized by Kevin

F. Collis and John B. Biggs
in 1982
 PRESTRUCTURAL
At the prestructural stage, students do not have any
understanding of the topic.

Biggs argues that “prestructural responses simply miss the point” and
“show little evidence of relevant learning” (Biggs & Tang, 2007, p. 87).
 UNISTRUCTURAL
A student with unistructural understanding tends
to understand only one or two elements of the
task, but not the whole.
Biggs explains: “Unistructural responses deal with terminology,
getting on track but little more” (Biggs & Tang, 2007, p. 87).
 MULTISTRUCTURAL

At the multistructural level, the student has

begun to acquire a lot of knowledge, but can’t
put it together yet.

They could not use a concept in new and innovative

ways because they simply don’t understand it well
enough.
 RELATIONAL
The relational stage is the first that shows deep
qualitative understanding of a topic and more
complex thinking skills.
Students can: Identify patterns. Explain how parts of a topic link
together. Compare and contrast different elements of a topic.
View a topic from several perspectives.
 EXTENDED ABSTRACT
At the extended abstract stage, students have
a sophisticated understanding of the topic and
can apply it in various contexts.

Biggs argues that the essence of the extended abstract

response “is that it goes beyond what has been given” (Biggs &
Tang, 2007, p. 87).
How is SOLO used in Test Construction?
How is SOLO used in Test Construction?
How is SOLO used in Test Construction?
How is SOLO used in Test Construction?
Study the table below. What percent of the
population of the USA got infected of COVID-19
compared with that of the Philippines?
How is SOLO used in Test Construction?
How is SOLO used in Test Construction?
 Study the table below. What percent of the
population of the USA got infected of COVID-19
compared with that of the Philippines?
How do we
transform
the
constructed-
response
item into a
multiple-
choice
format?
How do we communicate test results
using the SOLO Framework?
How do we combine the RBT and SOLO in
test development?
References

Balagtas, M.U. (2022). Test Construction Using the SOLO

Taxonomy. Philippine Normal University, Manila

Soriano, W.A.(2022). Re-inventing Assessments:

Streamlining International Trends to New Normal
Classroom Context