Module 5

AIRA MAE MARIANO

BSP 2-F
Positive correlation
When the independent variable gets
bigger/smaller, the dependent variable
gets bigger/smaller too and vice versa.
Negative correlation
The dependent and independent
variable has different direction.
Correlational research
researchers do not manipulate or
control the variables. Instead, they
observe and measure them to see if
they are related to each other.
Correlation
It measures the direction and strength of
relationship dependent and
independent variables.
Positive correlation
a type of correlation where two
variables tend to change in the same
direction.
degree of association
measures the closeness of the
relationship between two variables and
is determined by how much changes in
one variable are linked with changes in
the other variable.
Kendall rank correlation
measure the strength and direction of the
association between two variables that are
ranked in order.
Point-Biserial Correlation
measure the strength and direction of the
relationship between two variables, where
one variable is dichotomous (binary) and the
other variable is continuous.
Linear regression
statistical method used to model and analyze
the relationship between two continuous
variables.
Path analysis
used to evaluate causal models by identifying
which independent variables have a
significant impact on the dependent variable
and to what extent.
Cross-lagged panel design
two or more variables are measured at two or
more time points, and the direction of
causality between the variables is examined.
Multiple correlation
statistical technique used to examine
the relationship between a single
dependent variable and multiple
independent variables.
Factor Analysis
used to identify underlying patterns, or
factors, among a set of variables.
Ex post facto
refers to a type of observational study
where the independent variable has
already occurred or has already been
manipulated by outside factors, and the
researcher cannot control or
manipulate the independent variable.
Longitudinal Design
involves collecting data from the same
participants or subjects over an
extended period of time.
Cross-sectional studies
collecting data at a single point in time
from a group of individuals who
represent a particular population or
sample.
Non equivalent group
examines how different treatments affect
groups of people who have already been
formed or identified, rather than randomly
assigning participants to different groups.
causal model
approach in research that aims to describe
the relationships between a group of
variables, including any causal relationships
that may exist.
Effect size
refers to the magnitude or strength of a
relationship or difference between variables
or groups.
Quasi-experiment
resembles a true experiment in some ways,
but lacks full experimental control because
the groups are not randomly assigned.