Management Process

and
Organizational Behavior
ASSIGNMENT - 1

SUBMITTED TO :

MAHAJABIN BANU MAAM

SUBMITTED BY :

KANISHKA

MBA GENREAL

M1A

101223000315
Management Process
and
Organizational Behavior
ASSIGNMENT - 1

SUBMITTED TO :
MAHJABIN BANU MAAM

SUBMITTED BY :
ARPIT KUMAR
MBA GENERAL
M1A
101223000186
Q1. “ Planning often supports you to achieve your goals, but it also creates limitations to your
capabilities.” Explain this statement in your own words.

Planning is firmly correlated with discovery and creativity. However, the manager would first have to
set goals. Planning is an essential step what managers at all levels take. It needs holding on to the
decisions since it includes selecting a choice from alternative ways of performance.

The limitations of Planning are furnished below:

(1) Planning Leads to Rigidity

The plans are rigid in nature and have to be complied with throughout the organization.

Such rigidity of plans may be internal as well as external.

Internal rigidity relates to plans, policies, programs, rules, and methods, etc.

External rigidity relates to political, industrial, technological, legal and economic changes, etc.

Example: A super speciality hospital has fine branches in a city. Whatever the top management of
the hospital decides the head of the branch of the hospital and their subordinates have to follow.
Though on occasions they know they could have done better on their own but the plan laid out
provides rigidity to their approach.

(2) Planning May Not Work in Dynamic Environment

The environment in which a business survives is dynamic as it keeps on changing.

It is difficult for an organization to access future trends, the taste of customers, natural calamity,
competitors’ policies and effects of changes in the different components of the environment.

The organization has to constantly adapt itself to changes because it is difficult to forecast the future
changes with absolute accuracy.

The dynamic environment may sometimes lead to failure of plans.

Example: Nestle, a very successful producer was very proactive in deciding strategies for Maggi
noodles. Maggi noodles were in a lot of demand but they were off the shelf due to political and legal
dimensions. This was due to the high content of lead in Maggi noodles.

(3) Planning Reduces Creativity

Planning is mostly done by the top management and other members

like middle and lower levels of management have to follow these plans.

They can’t deviate or change the plans made by their seniors.

Under such circumstances, employees become orders following machines and don’t involve creative
thinking from their side.

Such rigidity to comply with the laid plans kills the creativity of some talented persons.

Example: The need for a branch of a renowned shoe manufacturing company sees a lot of scope in
customized shoes. The top management is not interested in this idea as the company manufactures
standardized shoes.
(4) Planning Involves Huge Cost

Formulation of plans can be too much costly because there is a lot of time and money is involved.

Some costs are incidental in nature like- expenses on boardroom meetings, discussions with
professional experts and preliminary investigations to find out the feasibility of the plan.

Checking the accuracy of facts and scientific calculations may involve lots of time.

Sometimes, cost incurred may not justify the benefits derived from the plans; it may leave a harmful
effect on the enterprise.

Example: Companies like IBM spend a lot of research. Many world-class levels give their advice to
this company and change their fee. However, without so much of painstaking such a huge company
won’t be able to sustain itself. So planning in case of IBM becomes necessary.

(5) Planning is a Time-consuming Process

Planning is a very lengthy process as it consumes a lot of time for collection, analysis, and
interpretation of data.

Due to such a lengthy process, sometimes decisions get delayed, opportunities are lost and there is
not much time left for the implementation of plans.

Example: Health is wealth Ltd. plans to organize 25 health checkup camps on the World Health Day
and send a requisition to the top management but management could send its approval just a day
before and the sales manager could organize only 5 camps and thus huge opportunity is lost. Here
the implementation was delayed.

(6) Planning Does Not Guarantee Success

The success of an enterprise is possible only when plans are properly drawn up and implemented.

Plans become meaningless if it is not translated into action.

Managers have a tendency to rely on previously tried and tested successful plans.

It is not necessary that a successful plan in the past will bring success in the future also as every
business organization survives in a dynamic and uncertain environment.

Plans must be implemented in the light of changing environment otherwise it may lead to failure of
the business.

Example: In a paint manufacturing company, the top management very meticulously chalked out a
great plan. The whole company worked out on the plan in a much focused manner. However, with
the entrance of a competitor with better paint quality the whole plan failed. The reason for the
failure was the dynamic conditions which were not in control of the organization.

Q2. As a student identify various factors which acts as motivation for you. Also figure out what can
various determinants of motivation for you after completion of your education?

Motivation is the state that can maintain students’ attention and behavior as well as provides with
more energy to needed to lead tasks to completion. Thus, it can help sustain activities over a period
of time. In education, motivation can have a variety of effects on students’ behavior, preferences,
and results. For instance, motivation can:

help us direct our attention toward tasks that need to be done,

allow us to do these tasks in shorter periods of time as well as maintain attention during a longer
time,

minimize distractions and resist them better,

affect how much information we retain and store,

influence the perception of how easy or difficult tasks can appear.

Most importantly, motivation urges to us perform an action. Without it, completing the action can
be hard or even impossible.

Factors that Influence Students’ Motivation in Education

1. Class and Curriculum Structure

Children thrive when there is structure and struggle when there is chaos. When students sense or
see that classes follow a structure, and the curriculum and class materials have been prepared
beforehand, it provides them with a greater sense of security.

The feeling of security is one of our basic needs. When that’s provided in a learning environment, it
allows students to fully focus on the learning material.

To help students feel more secure, educators need to plan classes and curriculums. All materials that
will be used in class should be prepared in advance. Educators can also state the objectives of a
course or class at the beginning of a semester or a class.

2. Teacher Behavior and Personality

If a student has a negative emotion such as fear or disliking towards their teacher, that can
negatively affect their attitude toward the subject as a whole. If a teacher shows a preference
towards certain students or uses derogatory and humiliating language, that can lower their
motivation in education.

On the other hand, kindness, optimism, positive feedback, and encouragement can positively affect
students’ motivation to learn.

3. Teaching Methods

Students are more likely to retain their motivation in education if educators use different teaching
methods. That creates diversity and prevents students from getting bored. Giving room for certain
choices such as which partner they’d like to work with can be beneficial too.

Students in a single class are likely to have different styles of learning. Thus, a teacher is more likely
to meet these needs by applying different teaching methods.

Another important aspect, especially when it comes to girls in STEM subjects, is ensuring that the
knowledge or skills learned can be practically applied in real life.
In some cases, enrolment in extracurricular activities or support from a tutor can help address
students’ needs that are not met at school.

4. Parental Habits and Involvement

Quite a few parental habits can indirectly affect the motivation of children, intrinsic motivation in
particular. These include:

 showing interest in the child’s learning material,

 inquiring about their day,
 actively listening,
 helping with specific tasks or skills taught at school,
 attending parent meetings,

encouraging children t complete homework or study for a test.

Another habit that’s been proven to improve motivation, is reading. Reading to and with small
children helps them develop literacy faster than talking does. However, reading comprehension level
can determine students’ success in later school years.

5. Family Issues and Instability

Same as the lack of security in the classroom, the lack of security at home can negatively impact
motivation in education.

Children who live with both parents, on average get better grades than children who don’t. Family
conflicts and disruption can result in poorer academic performance. Some examples include:

 divorce,
 loss of one or both parents,
 not living with the biological father or mother,
 not having contact with the biological father or mother,
 frequently moving from one home to another,
 being or having been involved with Child Protective Services.

As a result, in certain instances, additional support may be needed from schools to help students
with their issues.

6. Peer Relationships

As children grow older, the influence peers have upon them increases as well. Therefore, problems
and conflicts with peers can make students feel less secure about their social status among peers,
increase their stress levels, and lower motivation in education.

Keeping an eye on any conflicts, bullying, and other peer issues can prevent serious problems.

7. Learning Environment
School environment or school climate is another factor that affects motivation in education. School
environment refers to different norms and regulations that determine the overall climate in the
school.

Positive school environment makes students feel safe and secure, meets their basic needs such as
daily meals, and provides an optimal environment for them to build healthy social relationships.

Too many classes and learning environment that’s too serious can also lower motivation in
education. Adding a fun element to classes can help to ease the atmosphere and improve motivation
and results. Allowing enough time for play and rest can also have a positive effect.

8. Assessment

While standardized assessment increases the standards of attainment, it can negatively influence
students’ motivation in education, especially at a younger age. The opposite can be seen in countries
like Finland where primary school children do not get any tests. Despite the lack of assessment,
Finnish children display higher academic achievements.

It is also common for students to lose motivation if tests are continuously too challenging. This does
not provide a sense of achievement and lowers motivation in education over time. Thus, it’s
important for educators to experiment with and apply different testing methods which would be
able to address the different learning needs of students.

Q3. The Production Manger of an automobile company asked the foreman to achieve a target
production of 200 scooters per day. But he did not give him the authority of requisition tools and
materials from the stores department. Can the production manager blame the foreman, if he is
not able to achieve the desired target? Explain briefly the principle relating to the situation.

No, the Production Manager cannot blame the foreman because he did not give authority to him
and as a result the foreman was not able to fulfil his responsibilities. Principle of 'Authority and
Responsibility' is associated with this case. According to this principle, there must be balance
between the authority and responsibility. Excess of authority without matching responsibility may
bring negative results and vice-versa. Thus, there is need to bring parity between them.

Management is getting things done by others A superior gives direction to his sub-ordinates to
perform the job. The supervisors may exercise his authority. The post he holds invests him with this
authority. Authority is closely connected to Responsibility. Responsibility is shouldered whenever
authority is exercised. Responsibility is essential to perform a job correctly.

Authority is the power to give orders and get it obeyed or in other words it is the power to take
decisions.

Responsibility means state of being accountable or answerable for any obligation, trust, debt or
something or in other words it means obligation to complete a job assigned on time and in best way.

Authority and responsibility are closely related and this principle states that these two must go hand
in hand. It means that proper authority should be delegated to meet the responsibilities.
A match should be there between these two because of two main reason :--

Firstly, if a person is given some responsibility without sufficient authority he can’t perform better,
and also could not accomplish the desired goal.

Secondly, if there is excess authority being delegated to an individual without matching

responsibility then the delegated authority will be misused in one way or the other.

This is an important and useful principle of management because if adequate authority is not
delegated to the employees they cannot discharge their duties with efficiency and this in turn will
hamper the achievement of the organizational goal. Sometimes the relation between management
and employees is also badly effected by non delegation of proper authority.

Positive impacts of this principle:

1. No misuse of authority.

2. Helps to complete job effectively and efficiently.

3. Individuals can be held accountable.

4. Systematized and effective achievement of organizational objectives.

Consequences of violation of this principle:

1. Misuse of authority.

2. Responsibility can’t be discharged effectively.

3. No one can be held accountable.

4. Conflicts between management and employees.

Q4. How personality of a person could affect his work behavior. Discuss.

People have often researched what it is that makes us behave the way we do. Behaviors can come
from different influences like environmental factors or personality traits. Many different theories
and models on personality traits exist, like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator that separates people out
into 16 different personalities. Another model is the Big Five Personality Model (OCEAN), which puts
forth the idea that human personality is made up of five basic dimensions.

The best way to remember the Big Five Personality Model traits is to remember the acronym
OCEAN: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Openness to Experience

This trait is often referred to as the depth of someone’s mental experiences, or imagination. It
encompasses someone’s desire to try new things, be open and think creatively. People who score
high in this area are generally artistic and curious, while those who score low tend to be
conventional and stay in their comfort zones.
Conscientiousness

This trait measures a person’s reliability and dependability. Someone who scores higher in this area
is more goal-oriented, tends to control impulses, and is usually very organized. They are likely to see
success in school and excel as a leader. Those who score lower in this area are more likely to be
impulsive and procrastinate on assignments.

Extroversion

The extroversion trait indicates how social and talkative a person may be. Those scoring high in
extroversion are generally more assertive, socially confident, and recharge from interacting with
people, while those who score lower are more likely to seek solitude and introspection.

Agreeableness

Agreeableness shows how well someone can get along with other people. People scoring high in this
trait are usually well-liked, sympathetic, and affectionate, and those who score lower are perceived
as blunt, rude, and sarcastic.

Neuroticism

The last OCEAN trait is also known as emotional stability. It measures how well a person can control
emotions like anxiety and sadness. Scoring high in this area indicates that someone may be prone to
those emotions and may also have low self-esteem. Those receiving a low score are probably more
confident and adventurous.

According to Essentials of Organizational Behavior , the big five personality dimension that has the
biggest influence on job performance is conscientiousness. Those who score higher in this trait are
likely to have higher levels of job-related knowledge as those who are highly conscientious learn
more. They’re likely to have the aspects of a strong leader. However, they’re also more likely to put
work first over anything else and aren’t as likely to adapt to changing situations. They may face
issues over learning a complex skill early on because they tend to focus on their performance instead
of the learning process, and they are generally not as creative.

Neuroticism high scores may indicate a higher propensity toward employee burnout, as those
employees have a tougher time managing their emotions. High emotional stability is linked to high
life and job satisfaction, as well as lower stress levels. Additionally, those with emotional stability
have a better chance of dealing with workplace demands, especially fast-paced change.

Extroverts are people who take charge of situations. Typically, a high extroversion score shows that
that person may have strong leadership ability. They are more likely to behave impulsively than
introverts, however.
People who are open also have an easier time with workplace changes and are more adaptable.
They are also usually effective leaders and are “less susceptible to a decline in performance over a
longer time period,” according to Essentials of Organizational Behavior.

Agreeable people are generally liked more and tend to follow the rules. They also demonstrate
higher job satisfaction and are less likely to be involved in workplace accidents. Those who score low
on agreeableness are more likely to behave in a way that creates counterproductive work behavior
and may have less career success over the long term.