Minor Test-10 (Quantum Mechanics) Solutions

1. An electron of rest mass m0 is accelerated by an extremely high potential of V volts. What is it’s
wavelength.
hc 2 hc
(a)   (b)  
 2eV  eV  2m0C 2   eV  2eV  m0C 2 
1/2 1/2

   
2
hc hc
(c)   (d)  
eV  eV  2m0C 2  eV  eV  2m0C 2  
1/2 1/2

   
Sol. The energy gained by the electron in the potential is eV
The expression of energy is
m0 c 2
= kinetic energy + m0c2
1  v 2
/c 
2 1/2

m0 c 2
 Kinetic energy =  m0c 2
1  v 2
/c 
2 1/2

Equating the two and rearranging we get.

m0 c 2
 m0 c 2  eV
1  v 2
/c 
2 1/2

m0 c 2
1  v / c2 
1/2
2

eV  m0c 2
v2 m02c 4
1 2 
 eV  m0c2 
2
c

v 2  eV  m0c   m0 c
2 2 4


 eV  m c2 
2
c2
0

v 2 eV  eV  2m0c 
2


 eV  m c2 
2
c2
0

C eV  eV  2m0 c 2  
1/2

V
eV  m0 c 2
01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-
8769828844,9571489537
 h
De Broglie wavelength  
mv
h 1  v 2 / c 2 
1/2


m0 v

h 1  v 2 / c 2   eV  m c 
1/2 2


0

c eV  eV  2m c  
1/2
2
m0 v 0

We know that
m0 c 2
= eV + m0c2
1  v 2
/c 
2 1/2

By using it we get
h m0 c 2 eV  m0c 2

m0 eV  m0 c 2 C eV  eV  2m c 2  1/2
 0 
hc

eV  eV  2m0c 2 
1/2

 

2. The position of an electron is measured with an accuracy of 10 -6 m. Find the uncertainty in

electron’s position after 1s.
(a) 56.2 m (b) 57.9 m (c) 52.9 m (d) 53.9 m
Sol. When t = 0, the uncertainty in the electron’s momentum is
p 
2 x
Since P = mv , p  mv
Hence
V 
2 m x
The uncertainty in the position of electron at time t cannot be more than
t
 x t  t v 
2mx


1.054 10 Js 1s  57.9m34

2  9.110 kg 10 m 31 6

3. The energy eigen value and the corresponding eigen function for a particle of mass m in a one-
dimension potential v(x) are
A
E=0   x 2
x  a2
Potential V(x) is -

(a)

2 3x 2  a 2
 (b)

2 3x 2  a 2
 (c)
2
 3x 2  a 2 
(d)
2
 3x 2  a 2 
m  x 2  a 2 2 m  x 2  a 2 2 2m  x 2  a 2  2 2m  x 2  a 2  2
Sol. The Schrodinger equation for the particle with energy eigen value.

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537
 E = 0 is
 2 d 2
 V  x   0
2m dx 2
A
 2
x  a2
d 2 Ax

dx  x 2  a 2 2

 
d 2  1 4x2 
 2 A 
dx 2   x 2  a 2 2  x 2  a 2 3 
 
d 2 2 A  3x  a 
2 2


 x2  a2 
3
dx 2

Substituting the value of d 2 / dx 2 , waget

22 A  3x 2  a 2  V  x  A
  2 0
2 m  x 2  a 2 3 x  a2

V  x 
 3x  a 
2 2 2

m x  a 
2 2 2

4. A and B are two operators defined by

A  x     x   x and
d
B  x    2  x 
dx
Check linearity of A and B
(a) A and B both are linear (b) A is linear but B is not linear
(c) Both are non linear (d) A is not linear but B is linear
Sol. An operator 0 is said to be linear if
0[c1 f1 (x) + c2f2(x)] = c1 0 f1 (x) + c2 O f2 (x)
For operator A
A [c1f1(x) + c2 f2 (x)] = [c1f1(x) + c2f2(x)] + x
LHS = C1Af1(x) + c2A f2(x)
= c1f1(x) + c1x + c2f2 (x) + c2x
Which is not equal to RHS
Hence the operator A is not linear
B [c1f1(x) + c2f2(x)] =
d
[c1f1(x) + c2f2(x)] + 2 [c1f1(x) + c2f2(x)]
dx
d d
= c1 f1  x   c2 f 2  x   2c1 f1  x   2c2 f2  x 
dx dx
d d
 c1 f1  x   2c1 f1  x   c2 f 2  x   2c2 f 2  x 
dx dx

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537
  c1Bf1  x   c2 B f 2  x 
Thus the operator B is linear.

5. What is the value of [Lk, rl]

(a) i rl (b) i rm (c) i rl (d) i rm
Sol.  Lk , rl    Lk rl  rl Lk 
        
 i  rl  rm  rl  rl  rl  rm  
 rm rl   rm rl  
     
 i  r12  rm  rm rl  rl 2  rl rm 
 rm rl rm rl 
 i rm
Hence [Lk , rl] = i rm

6. The operator eA is defined by

A2 A3
eA  1 A  
2! 3!
Which one is correct option?
d
{Where D = and T1 is defined by T1 f(x) = f (x + 1)}
dx
T eD
(a) e D  1 (b) e D  T1 (c) e D  T1 (d)  T1
2! 2!
Sol. In the expanded form
d 1 d2 1 d3
eD  1    ----------------- (1)
dx 2! dx 2 3! dx3
1 1
e D f  x   f  x   f 1  x    f "  x   f "'  x   ..... (2)
2! 3!
Given T1f(x) = f(x + 1) ---------------- (3)
Expanding f (x+ 1) by taylor series , we get
1
f(x+1) = f(x) + f’(x) + f " x   ……………… (4)
2!
From eqs. (1), (3) & (4) we can write
eD f(x) = T1 f(x)
or eD = T1
d2 2 d
7. Eigen function of the operator  is
dx 2 x dx
c sin  x c cos  x c sin h  x c cos h  x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x x x x
Sol. Let  be the eigen function with eigen value  .
 d 2 2 d 
 2   
 dx x dx 
Consider the function u = x

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537
 du d
  x
dx dx
d 2u d d xd 2
  
dx 2 dx dx dx 2
2d xd 2
 
dx dx 2
Divide by x, we obtain
1 d 2u  2 d d 2 
  
x dx 2  x dx dx 2 
1 d 2 d 2
   or 2  
x dx 2 dx
The solution of this equation is
x x
U = c1e  c2e
C1 & C2 are constants
For U to be a physically acceptable function,  must be imaginary say i  , also at x=0, u=0
 c1  c2  0  c1  c2
U  c1  ei x  e i x 

  c1  ei x  e i x 
1
x
c sin  x

x

8. Consider a particle of mass m moving in a spherically symmetric potential V = kr, where k is a

positive Constant estimate the ground state energy using uncertainty principle.
1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3
1  2k 2  3  2k 2  3  2k 2  1  2k 2 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
2  2m  2  2m  2  4m  2  4m 

Sol.  x  p  
2
Since the potential is spherically symmetric
<P> = <r> = 0
2
Hence r  r2
2
p  p 2
Then
r  r , p  p

 p  r   or p 
2 2  r 

 p   k r
2
p2
Energy E =  kr   
2m 2m

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537
 2
=  k  r 
8m  r 
2

For energy to be minimum

1/3
E  2 
 0  r   
  r   4mk 
1/3
3  2k 2 
We get E    
2  4m 

9. A hormonic oscillator moves in a potential v(x) = (1/2) kx2 + cx, where C is constant. Find the
energy eigen values.
 n 1  2c 2  n 1  2c 2
(a) En      (b) E n     
 2  k  2  k
 n 1   n 1 
2
c c2
(c) En      (d) E n     
 2  2k  2  2k
Sol. Hamiltonian of system is
 2 d2 1 2
H  kx  cx
2m dx 2 2
2
 2 d2 1  c  c2
  k  x   
2m dx 2 2  k  2k
c
Let x1  x 
k
Schrodinger eq reduces to
 2 d 2 1 2 c2
 kx1     E
2m dx12 2 2k
 2 d 2 1 2  c2 
 k1    E  
2m dx12 2  2k 
 1 c2
Therefore En =  n    
 2 2k
10. A simple pendulum of length l swings in a vertical plane under the influence of gravity. In the
small angle approximation. Find energy levels of the system.
 1  3
(a) En   n    n = 0, 1, 2 -------- (b) En   2n    n = 0, 1, 2 --------
 2  2
 1  3
(c) En   2n    n = 0, 1, 2 -------- (d) En   n    n = 0, 1, 2 --------
 2  2
Sol. V = mg  l  l cos 
= mg l 1  cos  

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537
 θ
l
x

 = small
2 x
 cos   1  sin    
2 l
1 1 x2
v  mg l  2  mg
2 2 l
1 g
V m 2 x 2 
2 l
Px2 1
H=  m 2 x 2
2m 2
 1 g
 En   n    ,  n = 0, 1, 2 ………..
 2 l

11. A particle of mass m moves on a ring of radius a and which the potential is constant. Find the
allowed energies and eigen functions.
n2 2 1
(a) n  0, 1, 2,.... n     exp  in 
2I 2
n2 2 1
(b) n  0, 1, 2,.... n     exp  in 
2I 2
n2 2 1
(c) n  1, 2,3,.... n     exp  in 
2I 2
n2 2 1
(d) n  1, 2, 3,.... n     exp  in 
2I 2
Sol. The particle moves in a particular plane which can be taken as xy plane.
Hence  = 90º and the these dimension Schrodinger equation reduces to a one
dimensional equation in the angle 
 2  1 d   
2

   E   
2m  a 2 d  2 
Since I = ma2 moment of inertia
d 2   2 IE

d  
2 2

n2 2
 En  n  0, 1, 2,....
2I
1
 n    exp  in  n  0, 1, 2,....
2

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537
12. If Em and En are the energies corresponding to the eigenstates |m> and |n> respectively then
which of the following is correct.
M = Mass of particle
2 2

E  En   m | x | n   E  En   m | x | n  
2 2
(a) m (b) m
n M n 2M
 2  2
(c)   Em  En   m | x | n     Em  En   m | x | n  
2 2
(d)
n M n 2M
Sol. [[H,x], x] = Hx – 2x Hx + x H
2 2

m  H , x  , x  m  m Hx 2 m  2 m xHx m  m x 2 H m

 En m x 2 m  2 m xHx m  Em m x 2 m

 2 Em m x 2 m  2 m xHx m

Now m x 2 m   m x n n x m
n

 m x n
2

m xHx m   m xH n n x m
n

  En m x n
2

Hence m  H , x  , x  m  2   Em  En  m x n
2

P2
For Hamiltonian H  V  x
2m
i p
 H , x  ,
M
 2
 H , x  , x  
m

  Em  En  m x n
2

n 2m

13. An electron in a state is described by the wave function


1
4
 ei sin   cos   R  r 

 R  r  r 2 dr  1 where Q and  are the polar and azimuth angle respectively what are the
2

possible values expected in a measurement of the Z- component Lz of the angular momentum of

the electron in this state?
(a) 2 , 0 (b) , 0 (c) 2 , 0 (d) None of these
Sol. The m, values in Y11 and in Y10 are 1 and 0 respectively.
Hence the possible values in a measurement of Lz are and zero

14. The rotational part of the Hamiltonian of a diatomic molecule is

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537
 1 2
2I
 Ly  L2y   L2z , I is moment of inertia. Find energy eigen values.
1
I
2 2
(a)    1  2m2  (b)    1  m2 
I  2I 
2 2
(c)    1  m  2
(d)    1  2m2 
I  2I 
Sol. H   L2x  L2y   L2z
1 1
2I I
  L2x  L2y  L2z  
1 1 2
Lz
2I 2I
1 2 1 2
 L  Lz
2I 2I
1 1
E H    1 2  m2 2

2I 2I
2
=    1  m2 
2I
= 0, 1, 2,……………
m  0, 1, 2,.............

15. Consider a spin (1/2) particle of mass m with charge -e in on external magnetic field B. If S is the
spin angular momentum vector, which of the following is correct?
ds e ds ie ds e
(a)  S  B (b)   S  B  (c)   S  B  (d) None of these
dt m dt m dt m
ds 1 e
Sol.  S, H    S , S .B 
dt i i m
e
=  S , S x Bx  S y By  S z Bz 
i m
The x-component of the commutator on RHS is
 S x , S .B    S x , S x Bx    S x , S y By    S x , S z Bz 
Bx, By, Bz are constants
 Sx , S.B  i  S  B x
 [S, S.B]= i (S × B)
ds e
 (S × B)
dt m

16. A rigid rotator in a plane is acted an by a perturbation represented by

H1 
V0
2
 3cos 2   1 V0 = Constant
Calculate the ground state energy up to the second order in the perturbation.
3 V02 I 9 V02 I 3 V02 I 3 V02 I
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 2 64 2 16 2 2 2
m2 2
Sol. Em = m  0, 1, 2,...
2I

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537
 1
 m   exp  im 
2

E0    H 1   
1 V0
2
 3cos 2   1 

3V0 V
  cos 2     0 
2 2
3 V V
 V0  0  0
4 2 4
2
0 H1 m
E0   
2
m E00  Em0
V0 2 1
0 H1 m  
2 n 2
 3cos 2   1
1 im
2
e d

3V0 2 V 2
  1  cos 2  eim d   0  eim d 
8 0 4 0
Second integral vanishes put cos 2  in the exponential we get
3V0 2 i m2 3V0 2 i m2
 e d  e d
16 0 16 0
The first integral is finite when m = -2 and second integral is finite when m = 2 and their
values are equal to 3 V0/8
2 2
E2  E0  0
I
2 2
E00  E20  E00  E02 
I
 3V0 / 8
2
 2 9 V02 I
E0  
2 2 / I 64 2

17. The energy levels of the one electron atoms are doublets, except the S- states because of spin –
orbit interaction. The spin orbit Hamiltonian
1 1 dv
H so  L.S .
2m 2c 2 r dr
Treating Hso as a perturbation, evaluate the spin orbit interaction energy. For hydragenic atoms
assume that the expectation value is
1 2z3

r3 n3a03   1 2  1
Where as a is the bohr mdius
z 4e2 2 j  j  1    1  s  s  1
(a)
8 0 m c a0
2 2 3
2n3   1
z 4e2 2 j  j  1    1  s  s  1
(b)
8 0 m c a0
2 2 3
n3   1 2  1

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537
 z 4e2 2 j  j  1    1  s  s  1
(c)
8 0 m c a0
2 2 3
2n3   1 2  1
z 4e2 2 j  j  1    1  s  s  1
(d)
8 0 m c a0
2 2 3
2n3  2  1
 ze2 dv ze2
Sol. V  r   or 
4 0 r dr 4 0 r 2
Ze 2 L.S
Hso =
8 0 m c r 3
2 2

J  LS
J 2  L2  S 2
J  L  S  2 L.S or L.S . 
2 2 2

2
J 2
 L2  S 2    J  J  1    1  S  S  1 2

z 4 e4 2 j  j  1    1  s  s  1
Eso =
8 0 m2c 2 a03 n3   1 2  1

1
18. In the non relativistic limit, the kinetic energy of a particle moving in a potential V(x) = m 2 is
2
p2
. Obtain the relativistic correction to the kinetic energy Treating the correction as a
2m
perturbation compute the first order correction to the ground state energy.
1    3    5    3   
2 2 2 2

(a) (b) (c) (d)

8 m0 c 2 8 m0 c 2 32 m0 c 2 32 m0 c 2
Sol. T  m02c 4  p 2c 2  m0c 2
1/2
 p2 
= moc 1  2 2 
2
 m0 c 2
 m0 c 
 p2 p4 
= moc 2 1  2 2
 4 4 
 m0c 2
 2m0 c 4m0 c 
p2 p4
=  3 2
2m0 8m0 c
P4
 H1 
8m03 c 2

2mh
p (a - a  )
2i
(1)  - p4 
E0  o  3 2  o 
 8m0 c 
2
-1  2mh 
E0      
1
  o (a - a )(a - a )(a - a )(a - a ) o
8m03 c 2  4 
Only two terms will be there

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537
 o aaa  a  o and o aa  aa  o
a n  n  1 n  1 a n  n n 1
3 ( ) 2
E 
1
0
32 m0 c 2
3
19. A particle of mass m moves in the attractive central potential v(r)  g 2 / r 2
where g is constant
1  kr
using the normalized function (k 3 / 8) 2 e 2
as the trial function, estimate an upper bound to the
energy of the lowest state.
¥
n!
Given  x n e-ax dx = if n is positive and a > o
0 a n +1

1 x
We have 
0
x ex dx 
2 
27g m3
8
27 2 g8 m2 272 g8 m3 272 g7 m3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
128h 2 128 128h 2 128h 2 128h 2
k3

 2 1 d  2 d  g 2   kr 2
2  kr 2 

8 0
Sol.  H    | H |   4  r e  r   3  e dr
 2m r dr  dr  r 2 
2

1 d  2 d   kr 2  k 2 k   kr 2
r e    e
r 2 dr  dr   4 r
 
k 3   2  2  kr 2  k 2 k   kr 2 k 3 2 12  kr
2  2m  0 
 H    r e    e dr  g r e dr
 4 r  2 0
3
k2 g 2 k
2 2
 H  
8m 4
For <H> to be minimum   H  / k  0
3 g 2 m
k0 k 
1
2

2 2
K = 0 leads to  = 0 so discard it
 upper bound
812 g8 m3 272 g8 m3
H  
min
128 2 32 2
272 g8 m3

128 2

20. Using WKB method, calculate the transmission efficient for the potential barrier.
  x 
V0 1   x  
V(x)     
 
 0 x  
 -4 2m λ 3   -4 m λ 3 
(a) T = exp  (V0 -E) 2  (b) T = exp  (V 0 -E) 2 
 3 V0   3 V0 

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537
  -16 m λ 3   -16 2m λ 3 
(c) T = exp  (Vo -E) 2  (d) T = exp  (V0 -E) 2 
 3 V0   3 V0 
 x2  2 2m
 x
Sol. T  exp  2  dx    2 [V(x)  E]

 1 
x1 x2 are turning points
 x  E x
E  V(x)  V0 1   or  1
   V0 
V E  V0  E 
x   0  or x     
 V0   V0 
V E  V0  E 
x1    0  , x2    
 V0   V0 
x2 x2 12
2m  V0 x 
2  dx  2 2 x  V0    E  dx
x1 1

 16 m  3 
T  exp  (V0  E) 2 
 3 V0 

21. A harmonic oscillator in the ground state is subjected to a perturbation.

 t 2 
H 1   x exp  2  from t = 0 to t  
 t0 
Calculate the probability for transition from the ground state, given that

   2 
 exp( t  it )dt  i
2
exp  
0
a  4 
 t02   2 t02   t02   2 t02   t02   2 t02   t02   2 t02 
(a) exp   (b) exp   (c) exp   (d) exp  
2m   4  m   4  2m   2  m   2 
2
Sol. The probability that a transition to state k has occurred is ck1  t 
1 t
ck   t    H kn exp  ikn t '  at '
1

i 0
 t2 
H   x exp   2 
1

 t0 
Since the only transition possible is 0 → 1.
1   t '2 
Ck      0 x 1 e exp  2 
1 it

i 0  t0 

0 x1  Wkn  
2m
1 
  t 2 
Ck1      eit exp  2  dt
i 2m 0  t0 
1   2 t 02 
 t 02 exp  
2m   4 

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537
 The probability for the 0→1 transition is
2 t 02   2 t 02 
Ck1  exp  
2m   2 

22. Two identical bosons, each of mass m, moves in the one-dimensional harmonic potential V=
1
  m x . They also interact with each other via the potential
2 2

 
2
Vint   exp    x1  x 2  
2

 
Where    are positive parameters. Compute the ground state energy of parameter 
m 1 1 m 1
(a)   (b) 
  m /    2   m /   2
1 m 1 m 1
(c)  (d)  
2   m /      m /   2
Sol. particles are Bosons, both of them can remain in the ground state. The Vint term can be
treated as a perturbation. The ground state wave function of a harmonic oscillator is
1
 m  4  mx 2 
  exp  
   2 
Hence unperturbed wave function of the ground state for this two particle system is
1 1
 m  4  mx12   m  4
0 (x1 , x 2 )    exp   
   2   

1
 mx 2 2   m  4  m 2 
exp    exp  (x1  x 2 2 ) 
 2     2 
First order correction

M  m 2 
E (1) 
  

exp 

(x1  x 22 )  (x12  x 22 ) 2  dx1dx 2

m 1

 (m / )  2
m 1
E  
 (m / )  2

23. Two electrons having spin angular momentum vector S1 and S2 have an interaction of the type
H = A (S1.S2 – 3S1z S2z)
A being constant. Find the ground state energy eigen value.
1 1 2 2
(a) 0 (b) A 2 (c) A (d) A
2 2
Sol. We can write
S1.S2  3S1z S 2 z   S 2  S12  S 22    S z2  S12z  S 22z 
1 3
2 2

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537
 A  S1.S 2  3S1z S 2 z  SM
2
 S  S12  S z2  SM
A 2

3 A 2
=
2
 S z  S12z  S 22z  SM

A 1 3 1 3 3A  2 1 1 
  S  S  1      2
SM  M   
2
SM
2 2 2 2 2 2  4 4
A
  S  S  1  3M 2  2 SM
2
S= S1 + S2 So S can have values
1 1 1 1
  1 or   0
2 2 2 2
When S = 0, M = 0 and when S = 1
M = 1, 0, -1
S M EigenValues
00 0
1
11  A 2

2
10 1A 2
1
1, 1  A 2

2
1
 Ground state energy is  A 2

24. A one dimensional box of length a contains two particles each of mass m. The interaction
between the particles is described by a potential of the type. V(x1, x2) =    x1  x2  which is the
Dirac delta function. Calculate the first order correction to the ground state energy.
2 4 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3a 3a 2a 5a
Sol. The Hamiltonian will be unperturbed without  potential.
 0 0  x1 , x2  a
V  x1 , x2   
 otherwise
2
d2 2
d2
H0    V  x1 , x2 
2m dx12 2m dxz2
From the results of infinite deep potential well.
2 2
Enk 
2ma 2 n 2
 k2  n1k = 1, 2, 3 ……….

 n x1   k x2 
2
 nk   n  x1  k  x2   sin 
 sin  
 a   a  a
For ground state n = k = 1 we have
2 2
2 x  x 
E110   110  x1 x2   sin  1  sin  2 
ma 2
a  a   a 

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537
 H 1    x1  x2 
E  11 H 1 11

x  x  3
2
 2 aa
=        x1  x2  sin 2  1  sin 2  2  dx1dx2 
a 00  a   a  2a

25. A particle of mass m moves non-relativistically in one-dimension in a potential given by

V  x   a  x  , where   x  is the usual Dirac delta function. The particle is bound. The value of
x0 for that the probability of finding the particle with |x|< x0 is exactly equal to 1/2 is
2 2
(a) ln 2 ln 2 (b) (c) ln 2 (d) ln 2
ma 2ma 2ma ma
Sol. We know the Schrodinger equation,
2
d 2
  V  x   x   E  x 
2m dx 2
d 2
2
   a  x   x   E  x  for x  0   x   0
2m dx 2
d 2
2
   E  x 
2m dx 2
d 2 2mE
  2   x  0
dx 2
d 2
 2
 k 2  x   0 for bound state E < 0
dx
 Ae kx for x  0
  x  
 Ae for x  0 kx

Since wave function is continuous everywhere

    x  0     x  0
 A=B
 Ae kx for x  0
   x    kx
 Ae for x  0
Therefore, the probability of finding the particle between -X0 to x0 is
x0  0 2 kx x0 2 kx  x0  2 kx x0

 x   dx A  x e  0 e dx   e dx  2k  1  e2kx0
* 2
 2 kx e

P  0   0  0  0

 2 kx 
 0 
   1
  dx A   e   e dx  0 e dx  2k 
* 2 2 kx 2 kx 2 kx e
  0   0

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537
  2
d 2
 2m dx 2  a  x   x   E  x 




2   
d 2
dx  a    x   x  dx  E    x dx
2m  dx 2
 
  
 for   0

 2
 d d 
    x  0
 
 2m  dx dx x 0 
  a  x   0

 2

 k  k   a
 2m
  ma 
 k   2 
  
1
Given that, P =
2
1 1
 1  e 2 kx0   e 2 kx0   2kx0  ln 2
2 2
2
 x0  ln 2
2ma

26. Consider a spinless particle represented by the wave function   k  x  y  2z  e r

where r = x 2  y 2  z 2 and k and  are real constant. The total angular momentum of the
particle is
[you may use the following expression for the first few spherical harmonic
1 3 3 15
Y00  : Y11   sin  ei ; Y10  cos  ; Y21   sin  cos  ei ]
4 8 4 8
(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 0 (d) 12
Sol. Given wavefunction is
 = k(x + y + 2z)e-r
 rk  sin  cos   sin  sin   2cos  e r
The angular part of the wavefunction is
  ,   k ' sin  cos   sin  sin   2cos 
 1 8 1 1 8 1 4 0 
 k '
2 3
 Y1  Y11  
2i 3
 Y1  Y11   2
3
Y1 
 
 2 2 16 0 
 k ' 1  i  Y11  1  i  Y11 Y1 
 3 3 3 
According to Normalized condition,
01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-
8769828844,9571489537
   ,     ,    1
2  2 2 16
 k '  1  i 1  i   1  i 1  i     1
 3 3 3 
2  4 4 16 
 k'    1
 3 3 3 
1
 k '  8   1  k ' 
2


1 1 8 i 8 16 0
   ,    1  i  Y11  1  i  Y11  Y1
8 2 3 2 3 3
1 i 2 0
  i  i  Y11   i  i  Y11  Y1
2 2 2 2 3
1 1 2
 L  1  i 1  i  2  1  i 1  i  2  2  2
43 43 3

27. An infinitely deep one-dimensional square well has wall at x = 0 and x=L. Two small perturbing
L 3
potentials of width ‘a' and height 'V' are located at x = , x = L, where 'a' is very small
4 4
𝐿
(𝑎 ≪ 100). The difference in the first order energy shift between the n=4 and n=6 energy levels
due to this perturbation is
Va 3Va 4Va 3Va
(a) (b) (c) (d)
L L L 2L
Sol. The wavefunction without perturbation is given by
2  n

n  sin 
x
L  L

The first order energy shift due to perturbation
L a 3L a
 
2 4 2
n x 2 4 2
n x
En    n H '  n   dx  
1
V sin 2 V sin 2 dx
L L a L L 3L a L
  
4 2 4 2

2Va  2  n L   n 3L   𝑳
  sin     sin 2    (∴ 𝒂 ≪ 𝟏𝟎𝟎)
L   L 4  L 4 
2Va  2  n  2  3n 
 sin    sin  
L   4   4 
2Va
 E41   0  0  0
L
2Va  2 3 9  4Va
E61   sin  sin 2 
L  2 2  L
Therefore, the difference in the first order energy shift between the n = 4 and n = 6 is
4Va
E61  E41 
L
01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-
8769828844,9571489537
28. Suppose the ground stationary state of a harmonic oscillator with force constant 200 and mass
is 4m is given by
1 cx2
c 4 
n    e 2

 
20√2𝑚 10 2m
(a) 𝑐 = (b) c  (c) c  (d) c 
ℏ 20 2m 20m
Sol. The Schrodinger equation of harmonic oscillator is given by
d 2 1 2 2
H  E    kx   E
2m dx 2 2
Solution of this equation is
x2
1 x  2
n  2 H n   e 2 where,  
2 n !    m
Therefore, ground state wavefunction,
x2 m x 2 m
 m   2
1/4
1  1  x2
0  e 2 2
 e 2
  e
   
m
m 4m 200 20 2m
 c   
4m

29. Let, k be the wave number of the incident plane wave in a scattering experiment. If the
 
scattering is a mixture of s-wave and p-wave with phase shifts and respectively, then the
6 3
total scattering cross-section will be
2 4 6 10
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 2
k k k k
Sol. The partial wave amplitude for mixture of s and p wave is given by

 
f     fl      2l  1 eil sin  l pl  cos  
l 0 k l 0
 i6  3 i 
 e sin p0  cos    e 3 sin p1  cos  
k 6 k 3
Therefore, the total cross-section
 2
d
  d    f   sin  d  d
2

d 0 0

2  9 2   
2 
 2  2  sin 2  2  2   sin 2
k 6 k 3 3
  pn  cos   pm  cos   sin  d   nm 
 2m  1 
 0

4  1 3  10
 2 
 3   2
k 4 4 k

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537
30. The unperturbed energy levels of a system are  0 = 0, 1 = 3 and  2 = 5. The second order
correction to energy for the ground state in the presence of the perturbation V for which V 10 = 4,
V20 = 3 and V12 = 8 has been found to be
(a) -7.1 (b) 0 (c) +5.1 (d) -8
Sol. The second order connection to energy for the ground state is
2 2 2
m V n 1 V  0 2 V 0 4
2
3
2
16 9
E0  
 2
      7.1
nm  En  Em  E 0  E1 E 0  E2 3 5 3 5

01-Murtikala Colony, Near Bhandari Hospital, Gopalpura Mode, Jaipur-

8769828844,9571489537