The Impact of Modular Distance Learning on Working Students

Submitted to:
Miss Anne Gumiran
Practical Research 2 Teacher

Submitted by:
Roxem Tecson
Jasmin Javonitalla
Jaque Lumawod
Roiet Marinduque
Group 7 Researchers

2021
Chapter I The Problem and Literature Review
I. Background of the Study

This research is conducted for the Working Students who continue their study amidst the
pandemic. The Department of Education implemented the Distance Learning where students can
study at home through communicating online. The purpose of this research is to investigate how
Working Students cope up with the new mode of learning. The experiences of Working Students
will be considered to know their hindrance in studying through Blended Learning and what are
their strategies to solve the said problem. Filipino students are still able to support themselves
financially through working although they have financial problems. According to The Working
Student (2016), to set down the job options of Filipino working students namely online jobs, paid
corporate internship, fast-food crew, and school jobs. Filipino students are struggling because
they have to meet the standards in their work so that they will not lose their job and maintain
academic performance so that they will not get a failing grade.
According to the study of Ruhm (1997), it is necessary to understand the effects of working
students in society because as the rate of working student reached an abnormal state, job-hiring
started to show the negative impacts that were attributed to it since it lessens instructive
fulfillment and scholarly execution particularly among youthful laborers without school training.
On the other hand, if working at a young age proves to be a favorable aspect of the economy.
Then the high rate of working student could add to profit gaps observed later in life. Since there
are many possible conclusions, the researchers have to see the lapses of this work so that the
researcher will be able to explore the experiences of the working students and to be able to
understand fully what a working student is.
This study examines how the student creates ways to maximize their time in working and
studying. Such a study also aims to investigate and identify experience of students while working.
This study will observe with how hard is the situation of Working Students while studying amidst
the crisis. Next, the problems they encountered. Then, how they deal and cope such as
difficulties. Finally, to provide a solution that can help working students.

II. Literature Review

The students that have financial problems are spending more time working than studying,
and because of this, they attained poor grade and poor performance in school. In this research,
the researchers aims to critically think and observe how the Working Students overcome the
trials they've encountered in the middle of the crisis. Due to pandemic, There's a lot of
unemployed people where finding job is now difficult to find. Researchers of this research found
a specific participants in a particular area despite of being in a situation where countless of
Working Students before are now unemployed.
 In this case, Furr and Elling (2000) have been proven that students working between 30-39
hours per week and those working more than 40 hours per week felt that their employment
wounded their academic achievement. Others also found that students working between 1 and
15 hours per week showed a slightly higher GPA than those with a heavier workload.
As reported by Steinberg et al. (1981), engaging students in part-time and some full-time
employment is progressively a common phenomenon everywhere. As also stated in a study 30
years ago, working while studying provides students with quite naturally an indication of the
requirements that will be needed to functioneffectively in one's later career (Schill, McCartin, &
Meyer, 1985). In recent years, further studies found that students who are working part-time can
easily develop team cooperation, customer care, communication, and practical skills (Lucas &
Lammont, 1998; Curtis & Lucas, 2001).

III. Research Problems

The research has a topic about the Working Students who enrolled this school year 2020-
2021 with the new mode of learning which is the Modular Distance Learning. The researchers are
to address learning problems, the following questions are aimed at answering:

General Problem:
What are the impacts of Modern Distance Learning on Sr. High working students of Tagaytay City
National High School during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Specific Research Questions:

1. How Sr. High School working students of Tagaytay City National High School manage their
academic performance well during the modern distance learning amidst the pandemic?
2. What are the challenges faced by the Sr. High school working students of Tagaytay City
National High School when working while studying and how do they overcome the problems?
3. How do Sr. High School Working Students of Tagaytay City National High School prevent the
possible academic burnout during the Modern Distance Learning?
 Theoretical Framework
In Sadiq and Zamir’s (2014) Effectiveness of Modular Approach in Teaching at University
Level, modular education is the latest method in teaching set, embracing the new educational
program evolved into a section of the entire teaching, it is being designed as an alternative in the
unit. Whereas modules are worldwide known and have an effectivity in different countries such
as Asian and Western areas, it is applied in subjects like environmental science especially in
medical studies and biology. Approaching modular teaching has the capability to enabling
students in a more self-teaching manner that benefits the make use of possibilities in
participating to accomplished the given tasks by the teachers and discover their area of strengths
by studying on their own (Sadiq & Zamir, 2014). The study of Demetriou, Keramioti, and
Hadjicharalambous (2021) Examining the Relationship between Distance Learning Processes and
University Students’ Anxiety in Times of COVID-19 points out that college students in universities
have no exclusion in closing the traditional way of teaching. Demetrious, Keramioti, and
Hadjicharalambous (2021) conducted a study involving working students, these students who
part-time faced mental issues like anxieties and difficulties and opened about the incapability in
reducing pressures. The absence of interactions between community sees as one of the
hindrances. The college students who have the obligation in taking care of their academics and
financial support by part-timing presented a complex pressure on their shoulders compared to
unemployed scholars (Demetrious, Keramioti, and Hadjicharalambous, 2021).

Conceptual Framework
Input Process Output

Student's performance
Senior high school
may vary depending:
working students of Construction and In the environment and
Tagaytay City
validation of settings where distance
National High School
questionnaire learning occurs
Coping mechanisms
Interview through The capability of the
of working students
amidst the pandemic communicating students to work while
online in the new mode of
Impact of Modular learning
Distance Learning Analysis and
Interpretation of
Encountered Action towards the
Data study to enhance the
circumstances
during the pandemic Academic Performance
of Working Student
 Figure 1: Conceptual Framework
Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study. The IPO or the Input-Output model was
used in this study to present the input, process, and output. In Figure 1, the inputs are the
factors or data being applied by the researchers that consist of the following: The Senior High
School Working Students of Tagaytay City National High School, coping mechanisms of working
students amidst the pandemic, Impact of Modular Distance Learning and the encountered
circumstances during the pandemic, whereas in the process, Construction and Validation of
Questionnaire, Interview through Communicating Online and Analysis and Interpretation of
Data are used that help researcher to determine the expected outcome or the output. The
output is the Students’ Performance may vary depending: In the environment and settings
where distance learning occurs, the capability of the students to work individually, and the
motivation and attention of each student.
Chapter II Review Related of Literature

According to Rajeev D. (2016), The increasing vocational activity of college students reflects two
trends: expanded work participation among young full-time “traditional” college students and
growing college attendance among “non-traditional” students who are likely to work concurrent
with their studies. This return to school among this latter group of students is touted in major
policy initiatives to spur economic productivity, yet many of these students face substantial
barriers to success in college.
The study of Elisabeth Hovdhaugen (2015), emphasizes that there are many possible factors why
students leave in a specific university before having the degree of completion, and one of the
most commonly cited is being engaged to work while studying. With the use of survival analysis,
this paper evaluates the impact of employment status on dropout rates. It identifies that
employment status does have an influence on dropout rates to students who are less likely to
complete their program due to working full time alongside studying full time than students
working short part-time or not working at all. However, it seems that working more than 20 hours
a week increases the risk of dropout as much as full-time work as if there is a threshold to how
much students can work. The integration of employment status into the analysis does not change
the effect of variables known to influence on dropouts such as gender, grades, and social
background, but it adds to further explain who the possible students that may dropout are. This
denotes that models for retention and dropout must also take such external factors into
justification, not just consider what happens at the university, as in the model of student
departure.
Pascarella and Padgett (in Lederman 2009), sought to examine the effects of work on academic
performance and observed how students who devoted their time into on- and off-campus work
contributed on the students critical thinking, moral reasoning, socially responsible leadership,
and mental well-being.
Kavarana (2013), discovered that there was an increase in the number of working students, can
be attributed to a desire to minimize loans and debts. Students felt the need to limit their
borrowing and therefore earn more of the tuition. Another benefit lies in the feeling of self-
achievement and self-satisfaction that is achieved through challenging oneself with double the
workload and two different lifestyles. It is all about pushing oneself to the limits and proving to
the world that one can manage their time in the best possible way and make the most of it by
working and studying at the same time. It also believed that such an attitude reflects the abilities
of hard work and determination in people, which are qualities that every firm generally looks for.
According to Hovdhaugen, Elisabeth (2015), There are many possible reasons why students leave
university prior to degree completion, and one of the more commonly cited is being employed
while studying. This paper analyses the impact of employment status on dropout rates using
survival analysis. It finds that employment status does have an impact on dropout rates; students
who work full time alongside studying full time are less likely to complete their programme than
students working short part-time or not working at all.
Based on the perspective of Meghan Brumbley, (2018), "Working while in college really put my
education and my career into perspective," she said who worked as a full time wedding
coordinator while going to school. She also stated that, "I found the skills and knowledge that I
was drawing from work to be more important than a perfect GPA. Those skills are what propel
me forward today."
In a study conducted by Gorgulho, et al., one of the main complaints among working students is
that they find themselves without enough time to eat right (Gorgulho, et al., 2012). Instead of
consuming healthy foods, such as fruit and whole grains, working students often grab a quick
meal comprised of low quality foods that contain sugar and high sodium (Gorgulho, et al., 2012).
In Rajeev Darolia’s study, there was a correlation between number of credits completed and
number of hours worked per week. This study states that 80 percent of students work at some
point in their undergraduate program and numbers of hours worked per week increases each
year. Some students take fewer credits due to work commitments. Part-time and full-time
students tend to spend less time studying (Darolia, 2014).
From working and attending school, stress becomes the main setback in which affects their
academic performances. Taking a survey of 225 participants of student, it showed that stress was
a main cause for these student which caused emotional and physical exhaustion. Our survey tries
to study how students deal with stress when they work or not work while attending school. Stress
plays the main role in all factors for these students attending a university (“Optimism and Risk
for Job Burnout”,2015).
Melissa Marie Esperat, Alexa Jestine Golosino, Prishel Jeane Reovoca, Ma Estrella Sales,
(2016), There is a risk to human health from exposure to workplace. In order to evaluate the
possible effect of work among working students of Adventist University of the Philippines, white
blood cell count and differential count were assessed. One hundred fifty three working students
were investigated using a cross sectional study. The working students were categorized according
to their type of work: maintenance, clerical, security, agriculture, food and water services,
mechanical, and grounds. Venous blood was extracted from the qualified working students based
on the criteria derived from the results of the questionnaires. The extracted blood sample was
subjected to complete blood count using automated hematological analyzer. Findings show that
the WBC count was significantly increased in agriculture category compared to other groups and
there was a significant difference with each type of work. On the other hand, the lymphocyte and
neutrophil differential count has no significant difference when types of work done by the
working students were compared. This study indicated that there is a potential health effect of
exposure to agricultural or farm work on the WBC counts of the working students.
References
Hovdhaugen, E. (2015). Working while studying: The impact of term-time employment on
dropout rates. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/
13639080.2013.869311

Gorgulho, et al., (2012) https://sites.psu.edu/workingstudents/background-2/

RejeevDorolia,(2016)https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-
chalkboard/2016/01/21/the-unique-challenges-working-students-confront-when-seeking-
financial-aid/

Meghan, B. (2018) http://www.css.edu/the-sentinel-blog/working-while-in-college-weighing-

the-pros-and-cons.html

Melissa Marie Esperat, Alexa Jestine Golosino, Prishel Jeane Reovoca, Ma Estrella
Sales(2016)https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=working+students+ph
ilippines&oq=#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DrcfWTCgMzKcJ