9/12 B.

Roopnarain

NAME: CAMROUL HOOKUMCHAND PRESIDENT’S COLLEGE

CANDIDATE #: DATE:

CAPE CHEMISTRY Skill: P&D

UNIT 1 PRACTICAL # 7

Statement of problem: The Pharmacist at the local drugstore insists on the effectiveness of
Brand A antacid over Brand B antacid. Plan and design an experiment to determine the truth of
the pharmacist’s claim.

Hypothesis: Brand A antacid neutralises more stomach acid than Brand B antacid.

Aim: to plan and design an experiment to determine the effectiveness of Brand A antacid and
Brand B antacid

Variables
Dependent/ variables
1. Amount of HCl neutralized
2. The pink color change
3. The color change of pink to colorless
Independent variable
1. Brand B antacid
2. Brand A antacid
3. Standard NaOH

Controlled variable
1. Volume of HCl added
2. Mass of both antacid weighed
3. Volume of standard NaOH

Reagents
1. Brand A antacid
2. Brand B antacid
3. 200 cm3 HCl acid ( 0.1 mol/dm3)
4. Phenolphthalein indicator (1%)
5. Standard NaOH solution ( 0.1 mol/dm3)

Materials
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 100 cm3 Conical flask

 25 cm3 Burette
 100 cm3 measuring cylinder
 Electric scale
 Calculator
 Lab coat
 Goggles
 Gloves
 Retort stand
 Stirring rod

Procedure: Back titration method

1. Firstly gather the materials with the reagents require for the experiment, at that time
crushed 25 grams of Brand A antacid and 25 grams of Brand B antacid.

2. Formerly dissolve both samples of antacid in separate conical flask with 25 cm3 HCl
each and add one drop of Phenolphthalein indicator.

3. Later fill the burette to the zero mark with NaOH, then used that burette to titrate over
the HCl until a pink coloration is seen (endpoint).

4. Repeat the procedure with the other conical flask containing the other antacid and
precisely record the amounts of HCl added and then make necessary calculation.

5. Finally recap procedure 1, 2, 3 and 4 to gain maximum accuracy with the results, the
effectiveness of the antacid (that is the amount of HCl neutralised by antacid) can be
calculated by the amount of NaOH added into the HCl solution to neutralise it.

Diagrams – coming soon ( under constructions)

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Results:
The below table shows the amount of NaOH that was required to neutralise HCl (containing
antacid)
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Trial Titration
Volume of Volume of
NaOH NaOH
Volume/cm3 Initial A1 A2

Final B1 B2

Titre A1-B1= X1 A2-B2 = X2

Treatment of data (calculations)

The effectiveness of the various antacid could be calculated by:

With the formula No. of Moles = M x volume

If for example case 1 25cm3 NaOH is added to the burette and 2X cm3 is used to neutralise the
HCl solution.
Case 2 25cm3 NaOH is added to the burette and 1.5X cm3 is used to
neutralise the HCl solution.
 Therefore the antacid in case 2 is more effective since less NaOH was required to
neutralise the HCl solution. This showed that in case more HCl was neutralised by the
antacid used, thus requiring less amount of NaOH to bring it to a pH around 7.

Also considering the equation below:

NaOH (aq) + HCL (aq)  NaCl(s) + H2O (L)  1:1 ratio
Since the ratio is one to one the amount of HCl neutralised can be calculated easily by:
NO of Mole = M x volume (this is shown in the table on the next page)

The table below shows the break down calculations for the number of moles for the two
antacid used
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Antacid B
NO of Mole = M x volume
= Y mol/dm3 x 3X dm3
= 3XY moles  HCl neutralised
This antacid is weaker since 3XY moles HCl
was neutralised by NaOH to bring it to
endpoint. This showed that the antacid has
done less work in comparison to Antacid A
Therefore amount of HCl neutralised by
antacid are:
Y mol/dm3 x 7X dm3( total HCl added)
= 7XY moles  mole present before
titration
Moles neutralised by antacid
7XY moles – 3XY moles
= 4XY Moles
If active ingredient is Mg(OH)2
Consider the equation:
Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + 2H2O
Since the Ratio is 1:2, then 2XY moles of
antacid is used here
Note: the active ingredient Mg(OH)2 is used
as an example, this mean that the ratio can
changed based on which active ingredient is
used
Assumptions:
The antacid A is more effective if less NaOH is needed to neutralize the HCl, that is, more HCl
was already neutralize by the antacid. Also if more moles of antacid is used up with the same
Steps Antacid A
1. NO of Mole = M x volume
= Y mol/dm3 x 2X dm3
= 2XY moles  HCl neutralised
Then this antacid is stronger since only 2XY
moles HCl was neutralised by NaOH to bring it
to endpoint. This showed that the antacid has
done some extra work in comparison to
Antacid B
2. Therefore amount of HCl neutralised by
antacid are:
Y mol/dm3 x 7X dm3( total HCl added)
= 7XY moles  mole present before
titration
3. Moles neutralised by antacid
7XY moles – 2XY moles
= 5XY Moles
4. If active ingredient is Mg(OH)2
Consider the equation:
Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + 2H2O
Since the Ratio is 1:2, then 2.5 XY moles of
antacid is used here
Note: the active ingredient Mg(OH)2 is used as
an example, this mean that the ratio can
changed based on which active ingredient is
used
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amount of HCl then that HCl acid is more stronger/effective. This can be seen from the example
where Mg (OH)2 is used to demonstrate.

Possible Sources of errors and limitations

1. The titration must be stop when the pink coloration is seen
2. A white paper sheet of paper must be place under the conical flask to observe the pink
colour better.
3. Two more accurate titrations must be performed to gain maximum accuracy.
4. All utensils should be washed and dry when repeating titrations.
5. The electric scale should be zeroed before measuring the mass of antacid.
6. The antacid purchased must not be closed or on/after to its expiry date.

Conclusion
If the determining factor, that is, the number of moles of HCl neutralised by NaOH is less when
the Brand A antacid is used rather than when Brand B antacid is used then the hypothesis is
supported if not then the hypothesis is not supported.