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nerves
cranium

nerves
spine
IS PRACTICE 1

(c)

[4score]

Stimuli and Response in

1.3
Plants
4 The diagram below shows some plant
responses to environmental stimuli. State the
correct type of response for each diagram (d)
below using the words provided.
[4score]

Phototropism Thigmotropism
The Importance of
1.4
Hydrotropism Geotropism Responses to Stimuli in
Other Animals
5 Match it type sight stereoscopic
and monocular to the correct statements.

Type
Statement
sight

Goats, mice and

chickens have types
(a) this vision

Can estimate distance

object accurately
Stereoscopic
The eyes are located on the side
of the head

It is difficult to estimate the distance

Monocular object accurately

Both points at
the front of the head

Eagles, lions and cats

have types
(b) this vision
[6score]

2
 IS PRACTICE 1

SUMMATIVE PRACTICE

Instructions:Write your answer in the space provided.

1.1Human Nervous System

1(a) Figure 2 shows the structure of the human brain.

K:

L:

M:
Figure 2

(i) Name the labeled partsK,LandMin Figure 2.

[3score]

(ii) Stateonesection functionL.

[1score]

(iii) DivisionKis the largest part of the brain and has a folded surface. What are the advantages of
this surface feature?

[1score]

(b) When Rafidah heard the school bell ring, she started putting her books in her bag. Arrange the
impulse flow paths in the correct order.

A:Nerve impulses are sent to effectors

(muscles) B:Stimulus (bell sound)
C:The muscles in the hand respond by packing the book D:The
brain interprets nerve impulses
E:Receptors in the ear trigger nerve impulses

→ → → →
[5score]

1.2Stimulus and Response in Humans

2Figure 3 shows a cross section of the human eye.

suspensory ligament

choroid
P
Q
R
cornea

ciliary muscle

Figure 3

3
IS PRACTICE 1

(a) Name the labeled part

(i)P:

(ii)Q:

(iii)R:
[3score]

(b) Match the following eye structures with the correct functions.

Structure Function

Ligaments Absorbs and prevents light reflection

hanger in the eye

Allows light to enter the eye and focus

Ciliary muscle
light on the retina

Supports and holds the lens in place

Choroid

Changes the thickness of the lens when the focal

Cornea
length of the lens changes

[4score]

(c) Figure 4 shows how an image is formed on the retina of the eye through the vision mechanism.

Figure 4

Complete the following flow chart using the words provided.

optic nerve reflected inverted image refracted interpret

4
 IS PRACTICE 1

A light source falls on an object and (i) in all directions

Light from an object enters the eye

Ray of light (ii) by the eye lens

(iii) formed on the retina

Nerve impulses from the retina are sent to the brain via (iv)

brain (v) nerve impulses and enable a person

view the object in an upright position

[5score]

3 Sometimes, what we see is different from the real situation. Figure 5 shows two groups of sketches that
illustrate this phenomenon.

(a)

(b) (a) (b)

M N

Figure 5

(a) Look at the sketches in the GroupMandNin Figure 5 carefully and compare the differences you see.
State the reason for your observation.

(i)M:

[2score]

(ii)N:

[2score]

(b) What phenomenon occurs in (a)?

[1score]

5
IS PRACTICE 1

(c) Explain the causes that cause the phenomenon in (b).

[2score]

(d) Figure 6 shows two types of visual impairment.

P Q

Figure 6

(i) What is the type of visual impairment inPandQ?

Q:

Q:
[2score]
(ii) Sketch the correction that can be made for the type of visual impairmentQon Figure 7.

Figure 7

[3score]

4Figure 8 shows the condition of a person's vision and hearing due to the aging process.

R Q

Figure 8

(a) What happens to the sense organs in Figure 8? Explain.

(i)A:

[2score]

(ii)Q:

[2score]

6
 IS PRACTICE 1

(b) Explain how the sense organs are affected when an individual has a cold?
KBAT

[2score]

(c) Braille writing is important in the daily life of the blind. Name the sense organs involved and
KBATexplain the characteristics of the sense organs.

[2score]

1.3Stimuli and Response in Plants

Importance of Responses to Stimuli in Other

1.4
Animals
5Figure 9 shows the apparatus prepared to study the response of plants for a week.

plant shoots rotating clinostat

Figure 9

(a) Givetwovariables that can affect the results of the experiment.

[2score]
(b) What is the function of the rotating clinostat in this experiment?

[1score]

(c) Predict the direction of movement of plant shoots after a week.

[1score]

(d) Explain your answer in (c).

[1score]

7
IS PRACTICE 1

(e) After one week, the clinostat is stopped. Draw the state of the plant shoot after clinostat
KBATsuspended for 3 days.

[2score]
(f) Justify your answer in (e).

[1score]

(g) Mark (-) for the statement that shows tropism in plants.

(i) Movement of roots towards the source of water

(ii) Movement of water from roots to leaves

(iii) Leaves fall during summer

(iv) Movement of shoots towards the Sun

[2score]

6(a) Figure 11 shows the response of two plant species to stimulation.

before after

W X
Figure 10

(i) What type of response is shown by the plant speciesWandX?

[1score]

8
 IS PRACTICE 1

(ii) Statetwocharacteristics of the type of reaction in (a) (i).

[2score]

(iii) Explain the importance of the reaction in (a) (i) in plantsX.

[2score]

(b) Figure 11 shows two species of animalsYandZwhich reacts uniquely to stimuli in its environment.

Electric eel Male peacock

Y Z

Figure 11

(i) Explain with an example the response mechanism for animalsYandZ.

Y:

[2score]

Z:

[2score]

(ii) Giveonethe importance of animal responses to environmental stimuli.

[1score]

9
alveolus

blood capillaries
 IS PRACTICE 2

(b) Oxygen concentration in the alveolus which and

more compared to the surface of which .

in blood capillaries. (d) Special respiration pigments in

(c) Alveolus has a surface area called red blood cells

which , Wall .
[6score]

SUMMATIVE PRACTICE

Instructions:Write your answer in the space provided.

2.1Respiratory System

1Figure 2 shows a model of the human respiratory system.

air in air out

glass cover

glass channel

branch
channels
glass

balloons

membrane
pulled rubber rejected

Figure 2

(a) Match the parts of the human respiratory system model above with the structures in the human respiratory
system that they represent.

Model of the human respiratory system Structure of the human respiratory system

glass cover trachea

glass channel diaphragm

glass channel branch lungs

balloons thoracic cavity

rubber membrane bronchus

[5score]

(b) Figure 3 shows the structure of the human respiratory system during inhalation.

rib
move to cavity
above
thorax

Figure 3

11
IS PRACTICE 2

Choose the correct word to complete the sentences below.

upward shrink increase out relax

come in external intercostal muscles deep intercostal muscles decreased

(i) Diaphragm and horizontal.

(ii) The volume of the thoracic cavity .

(iii) shrink

(iv) Air pressure in the thoracic cavity .

(v) Air from outside into the lungs.

[5score]

2.3Health of the Human Respiratory System

2(a) Figure 4 shows pollution in industrial areas close to urban areas.

Figure 4

(i) Givetwoexamples of air pollutants that can affect the human respiratory system.

[2score]

(ii) Explain the effects of pollutants in (a) on human health.

[2score]

(iii) Suggesttwomethods to reduce air pollution.

[2score]

(b) Figure 5 shows other causes that can harm the human respiratory system.
KBAT

A B

Figure 5

12
 IS PRACTICE 2

(i) What is the materialAandB?

A:
B:
[2score]

(ii) Based on your answer in (b) (i), state the disease and symptoms caused by the substanceAand
B.

[4score]

3Figure 6 shows an experiment to study the effects of cigarette smoke on the lungs.

thermometer

cigarette smoke

to the filter pump

U-tube
cotton
indicator
damp universe

wooden block

Figure 6

(a) What is the function of the filter pump in this experiment?

[1score]

(b) (i) What human organ does cotton represent?

[1score]

(ii) Why does the damp cotton turn brown at the end of the experiment?

[1score]

(c) Predict the thermometer reading at the end of the experiment if the experiment is conducted at room temperature.

[1score]

(d) What is the color of the universe indicator at the end of the experiment? Justify your answer.

[2score]

(e) (i) Nametwoexamples of chemicals in cigarette smoke.

[2score]

13
IS PRACTICE 2

(ii) Statetwothe harmful effects of cigarette smoke on human health.

[2score]

(f) Figure 7 shows a cigarette box.

KBAT

Figure 7

Why do you think the picture above is displayed on a cigarette box?

[2score]

2.4Adaptations in the Respiratory System

4Figure 8 shows three animals with different respiratory structures and mechanisms.

(i)
(i) (i)
(iii) (ii)

(ii) (iii)
water in

(ii) water out

K L M

Figure 8

(a) Name the parts involved in respiration for each of the following animals.

K: (i) (ii)

L: (i) (ii) (iii)

M: (i) (ii) (iii)

[8score]

(b) (i) State the respiratory organs in amphibians in addition to the answer in (a).

[1score]

(ii) Stateonecharacteristics of the organ that can increase the efficiency of gas exchange.

[1score]

14
 IS PRACTICE 2

(c) Why is the structure of the respiratory organs of fish suitable for breathing in water?

[2score]

5(a) Figure 9 shows a climber of Mount Everest at an altitude of 2500 m

above sea level. Climbers have difficulty breathing when they get closer to the top of the mountain
which is at an altitude of 8850 m above sea level.

Figure 9

(i) Why is it difficult for climbers to breathe at the top of a mountain?

KBAT

[2score]

(ii) What equipment can help the climber breathe well?

[1score]

(b) Figure 10 shows a swimmer wearing snorkel equipment while observing marine life.

Figure 10

(i) Why does the swimmer need to wear snorkel gear?

[2score]

(ii) Snorkel equipment is not suitable for a diver diving 20 m below the surface
KBATsea for a long time.
Justify the above statement briefly.

[1score]

(c) Figure 11 shows a normal sickle-shaped red blood cell.

Figure 11

15
gasQ gasR
IS PRACTICE 3

(a) Name the partK,LandMin Figure 2. (ii) Mark (-) on factors that can affect
transpiration.
[3score]
Gravity
(b) In Figure 2, shade the part that carries
Light intensity
highly oxygenated blood and blacken the
part that carries deoxygenated blood. Surrounding temperature

[2score]
[1score]
(b) Figure 3 shows a coniferous tree in the
(c) Name the artery that carries deoxygenated tundra region.
blood and explain its function.

[2score]

Figure 3
Deep transportation
3.4
Plants What are the adaptations of coniferous trees to
reduce the rate of transpiration?
5(a) Transpiration is the loss of water in the form of
water vapor from plants to the environment.
(i) Explain how transpiration
occurs.

[2score]

[2score]

SUMMATIVE PRACTICE

Instructions:Write your answer in the space provided.

3.2Human Circulatory System

1(a) Figure 4 shows the cross section of three types of human blood vessels.

P Q R

Figure 4

18
 IS PRACTICE 3

(i) Name the blood vesselsP,QandR.

P: ______________________________________

Q: ______________________________________

R: ______________________________________
[3score]

(ii) State the characteristics of blood vesselsP,QandR.

P: ______________________________________

Q: ______________________________________

R: ______________________________________
[3score]

(iii) What is the function of blood vesselsPandQin the circulatory system?

[2score]

(b) Figure 5 shows a device for reading blood pressure and human heart rate. Reading on
KBATmachine is 120/75 mmHg.

OM
RO
N

12
SYS

HE
0
SATIS
FIED
75

Figure 5

Based on the screen display on the tool, what does the number mean

(i) above?:______________________________________________________________

(ii) below?:______________________________________________________________
[4score]

3.3Human Blood

2Figure 6 shows a tool to separate blood components.

plasma

blood

red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

Figure 6

19
IS PRACTICE 3

(a) What methods are used to separate blood components?

[1score]

(b) What is the main content of plasma?

[1score]

(c) Match the cell components to their characteristics.

Blood components Features

White blood cell Contains hemoglobin pigment

Platelets Helps in blood clotting

Red blood cell Protect the body from disease

[3score]

(d) Human blood can be divided into four groups namely A, B, AB and O. Complete Table 1 regarding
the compatibility between donor and recipient blood.

Can accept blood Can donate blood to

Blood group
from the group group

AB

Schedule 1

[4score]

(e) Giveonecriteria that allow a person to donate blood.

[1score]

3.4Transport in Plants

3(a) Figure 7 shows the cross-section of leaves, stems and roots. Label xylem and phloem in the following
diagram.

(i) Leaves

[2score]

20
 IS PRACTICE 3

(ii) Trunk

[2score]
(iii) Root

[2score]

Figure 7

(b) Figure 8 shows a healthy paper flower tree where a complete ring of bark on the stem is cut. The
tree was left exposed to sunlight and watered daily for two weeks.

Observations after two weeks:

• The top of the bracelet swells
• The part below the ring shrinks
• No change in leaves

Figure 8

Give reasons for observation of the exposed ring area after two weeks.

[2score]

21
IS PRACTICE 3

(c) Figure 9 shows the tree at the beginning of the investigation and the same tree after 5 days without being
watered.

the beginning of the experiment the end of the experiment

Figure 9

(i) What happened to the tree at the end of the experiment?

[3score]

(ii) In addition to transpiration, plants also lose water through guttation. Specifyonedifference between
transpiration and guttation.

[1score]

Human Circulatory System and

3.5
Transport in Plants
4(a) Compare and contrast the human circulatory system and the transport system in plants by
completing the following double bubble map.

(i) (iv)

System System
circulation transportation
blood (iii) in
humans plants
(ii) (v)

[5score]

(b) Water absorbed by the roots through the direction against gravity to other parts of the plant. Explain
the movement of water in plants so that all cells receive water.

[1score]

22
 IS PRACTICE 3

(c) Figure 10 shows a pacemaker.

pacemaker
heart

Figure 10

(i) What is the function of this tool? Explain your answer.

[2score]

(ii) Statetwofactors that can increase human blood pressure.

[2score]

5Figure 11 shows the human circulatory system.

Figure 11

(a) Why is the human circulatory system called a double circulatory system?

[1score]

(b) The human circulatory system is divided into two parts. What is the nametwothe part?

[2score]

(c) Why is the circulatory system above known as a complete circulatory system?

[1score]

23
frost rot
IS PRACTICE 4

4The position of hydrogen can be determined in

(iii) Hydrogen The embers Hydrogen
reactivity series by passing dry hydrogen gas
+ Iron bright
over hot metal. Table 1 shows the results of the
Oxide produced. of iron.
experimental observations.
War powder
exchange
(a) Fill in the blanks for the following conclusions grey.
with the words 'less active' or 'more active.'
Schedule 1

[3score]
A mixture Observation Conclusion
(b) List the metals in Table 1 in order of
(i) Hydrogen Flame Hydrogen increasing reactivity by showing the
+ Copper bright position of hydrogen in the series.
oxide produced. from
Black powder copper.
exchange
war
(ii) Hydrogen No embers Hydrogen [1score]
+ Zinc look.
oxide Color is not of zinc.
change

SUMMATIVE PRACTICE

Instructions:Write your answer in the space provided.

4.2Metal Reactivity Series

1(a) Figure 1 shows the apparatus prepared to study the reactivity of metals with oxygen.

glass cotton

potassium crystals powder

manganate(VII) magnesium

test tube

heated

figure 1

(i) Stateoneconstant variable in this experiment.

[1score]
(ii) Explain the purpose of heating magnesium powder first before heating potassium manganate(VII)
crystals.

[1score]

26
 IS PRACTICE 4

(iii) What is the role of heated potassium manganate(VII) crystals?

[1score]

(iv) What is the purpose of placing two pieces of glass wool as in Figure 1?

[2score]

(v) After heating, the color of magnesium powder changes from gray to white. What is the name of
the product of the reaction?

[1score]

(b) The experiment in Figure 1 is repeated by replacing magnesium powder with copper powder and
then zinc powder.
(i) Table 2 shows the intensity of the flame or embers for heating metal with oxygen.

Metal The intensity of the flame or embers

Magnesium Burns very quickly, bright and white flame

Copper Dim embers are produced

Zinc Burns with a bright flame

Table 2

Based on the observation results in the table above, write the order of the reactivity rate of the
three metals in ascending order.

[1score]

(ii) Write the word equation for the heating reaction of magnesium metal.

[1score]

2 Figure 2 shows the arrangement of the apparatus to determine the position of the carbon element in the
metal reactivity series. A mixture of metal oxide and carbon is heated until it changes color. Experiments were
carried out on zinc oxide, aluminum oxide and iron oxide.

crucibles
mixed oxides
metal and carbon
wire mesh

tripod furnace

Figure 2

(a) State the response variable.

[1score]

27
IS PRACTICE 4

(b) Stateoneconstant variable.

[1score]

(c) Why is a mixture of metal oxides and carbon heated in a crucible and not in a test tube?

[1score]

(d) Table 3 shows the observations for the experiment.

A mixture Observation

The reaction mixture ignited brightly

Zinc oxide and carbon
and a gray solid formed

Aluminum oxide and carbon No change

Copper oxide and The reaction mixture ignited brightly and

carbon the brown powder turned gray

Table 3

(i) Write a word equation for the reaction between a mixture of zinc oxide and carbon.

[1score]

(ii) Based on Table 3, list the metals in ascending order in the reactivity series by showing the
position of carbon in the series.

[2score]

(iii) Why does no change occur when a mixture of aluminum oxide and carbon is heated
strongly?

[2score]

(iv) Lead metal lies below iron in the reactivity series. Predict action observations
KBATreact lead with carbon.

[2score]

28
 IS PRACTICE 4

4.3Extraction of Metals from their Ores

3 Industrial extraction of iron metal from its ore involves the use of bagasse furnaces as shown in Figure
3.
waste gas

iron ore +X+Y

hot air A hot air

Figure 3

(a) Name the natural compound mineral for iron ore.

[1score]

(b) (i) What is the materialXandY?

X:

Y:
[2score]

(ii) Briefly explain the purpose of mixing materialsXandY.

[4score]

(c) (i) What is the content of the sectionAandB?

A:

B:
[2score]

(ii) GiveoneuseAandB.

A:

B:
[2score]

(d) Giveoneexamples of other metals that use the same method to extract the metal from its ore.

[1score]

29
powder
baking

vinegar

stone
chalk
burner
bunsen
 IS PRACTICE 5

SUMMATIVE PRACTICE

Instructions:Write your answer in the space provided.

Endothermic and Exothermic

5.1
Reactions
1 Figure 1 shows a simple experiment to measure the temperature change when baking powder is added
to vinegar. The results of the experiment are recorded in Table 1.

baking powder

thermometer

vinegar

figure 1

Solution Temperature (°C)

vinegar 30
vinegar + baking powder 25
Schedule 1

(a) What is the temperature difference at the end of the experiment?

[1score]

(b) State the relationship between heat and temperature during the reaction.

[2score]

(c) What is the energy change for this reaction?

[2score]

(d) (i) What is the type of chemical reaction between vinegar and baking powder based on the heat change?

[1score]

(ii) State the comparison between the energy content of the substance and the product of this reaction.

[1score]
31
IS PRACTICE 5

(iii) Based on the answer in (d), give a definition of the type of chemical reaction.

[1score]

(e) Givetwoexamples of reactions that use this chemical reaction concept.

KBAT

[2score]

2Figure 2 shows an experiment to study the heat changes that occur when acid
hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide solution.

hydrochloric acid

thermometer

Solution Temperature (°C)

sodium hydroxide solution 30

hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide solution 36
sodium solution
hydroxide Table 2

Figure 2

(a) What is the temperature difference at the end of the experiment?

[1score]

(b) What type of chemical reaction occurs between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution?

[1score]

(c) Based on your answer in (b), give a definition of the type of chemical reaction.

[1score]

(d) State the relationship between temperature change and heat change in the above reaction.

[2score]

(e) Write the word equation for the above reaction.

[1score]

32
 IS PRACTICE 5

(f) Giveoneexamples of applications in daily life that use the concept of chemical reactions
KBATthe same as above.

[1score]
(g) Sketch the energy level diagram for the above reaction. Label your sketch using the
following words.

ΔH (heat of reaction) energy reactants result of the reaction

[3score]

3 Exothermic and endothermic reactions help in several applications in daily life. (a) Figure 3 shows the
structure of the cold pack.
KBAT

Pres
s
here

thin layer

water

solid ammonium nitrate

Figure 3

(i) Explain how a cold pack works based on heat change.

[3score]

(ii) What type of chemical reaction is this?

[1score]

(b) Figure 4 shows a pipeline blocked by grease deposits.

KBAT

pipe

grease

Figure 4

33
IS PRACTICE 5

(i) Explain the useonea chemical that can remove grease from pipelines through an
exothermic reaction.

[3score]

(ii) What type of chemical reaction is this?

[1score]

(c) Figure 5 shows an emergency light used by the fire department if there is none
KBATelectricity.

Before

esters and solutions

hydrogen solution
fluorescent dyes
peroxide

bend to break the glass

thin glass container

plastic container

After

Figure 5

(i) Explain how emergency lights work above, using the concept of thermochemistry.

[3score]

(ii) What type of chemical reaction is this if the plastic container feels hot when the light is on?

[1score]

34