Federal University of Technology Owerri

SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

A Research Topic
on
Design related factors in housing satisfaction of students in Nigerian
tertiary institutions

In partial fulfilment for the course:

Arc 872 B: ADVANCED COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

Submitted by

Onyinyechi Myrrh Okorie

20204247458

Lecturer

Arc. Dr. Miriam Chukwuma-Uchegbu

December, 2022
Design related factors in housing satisfaction of students in Nigerian
tertiary institutions
ABSTRACT

According to the Journal of Environmental Psychology (14(3), 225–235), student housing is an

organisation in which students are active members (Thomsen, J. (2007). Student Housing:
Home Experiences: Information on Temporary Homes and Institutional Character. According to
the Journal of Youth Studies, 10,577, students' lodging, often known as hostels, is a crucial part
of tertiary institutions designed to support the intimate and complementary interaction
between living and studying.
An essential component of housing research is residential satisfaction. In order to enhance the
services provided by Nigerian tertiary institutions, this survey tries to determine how satisfied
students are with the dorm accommodations.
This was done by measuring the population's housing satisfaction levels and the level of
student contentment in hostels at specific public tertiary institutions. Environment, Dwelling, a
nd Management were the three (3) main housing variables that were identified and used in thi
s study.

Self administered questionnaires were used to gather data at the

University of Nigeria's Enugu campus, and a response rate of around 79.12% was obtained.
Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists programme. Residents
had to give a rating of 30; 63.9% of them were female, Using 5-
point rating scales and their perceived importance, the home satisfaction indices were chosen.
The findings indicate that accommodations for men and women are about balanced, and that
the security of the location, availability of water, and room size are considered to be the most
crucial elements.

Additionally, the results show that inhabitants' satisfaction with security, accessibility to places
of worship, and ease of getting to school. The analysis' findings for the Niger Delta University,
however, show that student housing satisfaction varies and is influenced by a number of factors
, including the environment, the residence, and management interaction mechanisms. It showe
dthat students' levels of satisfaction with the living conditions, residences, and administration
were a touch below average.

The International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, United Kingdom Licensed
under Creative Common Page 713 study shows that housing components can significantly
influence students’ hostels accommodation satisfaction. All surveys carried out in schools and
literature review done shows that housing components can significantly influence students’
hostels accommodation satisfaction strongly. Planners and tertiary institutions authority should
put these into considerations when planning and designing students’ housing projects.

Keywords: Student housing, housing satisfaction, tertiary institutions, hostel, environment,

Nigeria

INTRODUCTION

Housing is a residential structure where people live in. Students’ housing otherwise known as
hostel is an essential component of tertiary institutions. regarded it as the fundamental right of
every individual. (Devlin, A. S. (1994). Gender-role and Housing Preferences.
Journal of Environmental Psychology,14(3 ), 225 – 235) stated that student housing is more
than just a place to live, it is an organization in which students are participants (Thomsen, J.
(2007). Home Experiences in Student Housing: About Temporary Homes and Institutional
Character. Journal of Youth Studies,10(5), 577) establish that students’ housing (otherwise
known as hostel) is an essential component of tertiary institutions conceived in line with the
close and complementary relationship of living and learning.

Good housing and decent accommodation play a significant role in healthy living and lead to
improved productivity. This is because good accommodation in a serene environment helps for
proper assimilation of what they are taught. Students’ hostel accommodation has been one of
the major challenges in Nigerian tertiary institutions due to explosion in students’ population
especially female folks (Akpan, 1998; Offiong, 2002). The majority of the students admitted are
below the age of eighteen and a substantial proportion never left home or had previous hostel
experience (Amole, 1997). This new lifestyle provides an opportunity to learn how to live
independently, compromise with other students and roommates, share space and facilities,
among others. Housing has a profound influence on the health, efficiency, social behaviour,
satisfaction and general welfare of any human(Onibokun, 1985). With this, it means that
housing exerts influence on overall performance of its residents.

Conceptually, housing satisfaction according to Djebarni and Al-Abed (2000) refers to the
degree of contentment experienced by an individual or family with regards to the current
housing situation. It is an index for determining the level of contentment with housing.
Students need comfortable accommodation for them to have a conducive environment for
their primary function in their institutions (Osagie, 1993). Nevertheless, original idea of
students’ housing was to provide a more conducive academic atmosphere for students. As a
result, the first-generation universities-built hostels, befitting the image of undergraduate
students like the University Of Nigeria Nsukka, University Of Nigeria Ibadan, etc. that has a
great percent satisfactory accommodations. Students’ population then was within control
(Egwunyenga, 2009). In some of the hostels, two or a maximum of three students occupied a
room of 3.5m x 3.0m (Guardian, 2004). Unlike what was found in the Federal University of
Technology Owerri, where even post graduate students are eight in a room size of
approximately 4.5m x 3.0m. Presently, the situation of hostel is opposite of what it used to be,
as a result of sporadic increase in number of prospective candidates seeking admission into
Nigeria tertiary © Adeleye, Akinpelu & Azeez Page 714. This phenomenon has made hostels
lose its original purpose of providing conducive academic atmosphere. The combined effects of
these are increased pressure on utilities such as water, the frequent breakdown of the sewage
disposal system and the unsanitary condition of some of the halls of residence.

Housing providers (especially public housing) often presume that house seekers, especially in
the developing countries, are usually desperately in need of housing. It becomes difficult to
understand whose interest is being catered for by most policy decisions on housing planning
and development program which do not entail a comprehensive assessment of a household
within its residential condition (Olatubara, 1996). Therefore, understanding factors influencing
students’ contentment with their hostel accommodation is of utmost importance to all
stakeholders in tertiary education. Although, there are many studies that investigated factors
influencing residents’ satisfaction with their homes and neighbourhood, (Amole, 1997;
Onibokun, 1974; Theodori, 2001; Oladapo, 2006; Jiboye, 2010), there seems to be a few of
inquiry into students’ satisfaction with their housing (Amole, 2009). It is on this background that
this study becomes highly significant for the development of students’ housing in Nigerian
Universities.

The Study focuses on the following objectives: assessment of the levels of students’ satisfaction
with hostel accommodations in the study area; and the evaluation of students’ satisfaction with
their hostels. The findings of this study are thus intended to provide a basis for the
improvement of the quality of students’ housing in Nigeria.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The issues involved in housing for the people are more than shelter. Kicklighter (1986) has
observed that the concept of adequate housing implies more than just a dwelling but includes
all that is within the dwelling and the creation of a conducive environment in which people live
and grow. Bauer (1951) has also observed that a dwelling that is adequate from the engineering
or design point of view may not necessarily be adequate or satisfactory from the inhabitant’s
point of view. The house is only one link in a chain of factor which determines people’s overall
satisfaction level. Therefore, what constitutes housing satisfaction varies according to
numerous related circumstances. Olayiwola (1997) noted that the satisfaction of tenants at a
particular point in time can be meaningfully defined as being relative rather than absolute. It is
not a matter of students being completely satisfied or dissatisfied. In other words, the housing
International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, United Kingdom Licensed
under Creative Common Page 715 satisfaction level of students varies and is dependent on
dwelling, environment and management interaction systems. Assessing the level of students’
satisfaction would therefore require evaluating a particular hostel accommodation located
within a particular environment that is managed under a certain type of institutional
management (Onibokun 1974; Oladapo 2006).

In researches conducted, it was noted that the older Nigerian schools like the University of
Nigeria Ibadan, University of Nigeria Nsukka, and others has a more comfortable and well
considered accommodations for students (than other newer schools like Abia State University
Uturu etc.) which the three major housing components – Environment, Dwelling, and
Management, were highly considered which when put together makes learning easier. It was
observed that the undergraduate student of first, second and third years has a different kind of
accommodations whereas students in their final years has a smaller number of bed spaces. In
the same vein post graduate students, one person can be assigned in a room with one bed
space or two spaces maximum. It was as well noted that female hostels are more in number
than that of male hostel in different tertiary institutions in Nigeria.

Different Studies of human perception and behaviour have shown that the interaction and
interdependence of the components of a subsystem act as a stimulus to an individual in
forming a cognitive image or mental picture of oneself and each of the other interacting
components. Such an image becomes the basis of one’s attitude and feelings towards each of
the components of the system, and the totality of these feelings is the basis on which one’s
relative satisfaction with each subsystem depends (Lynch 1960). The use of this information on
housing has been negligible in most third world countries such as Nigeria. Therefore, this work
is designed to identify various concepts contributing to satisfactory student housing. This would
provide all stakeholders in student housing development with valuable data on which an ideal
student-dwelling-environment-management interaction could be based.

This work provides a background for the predisposing factors that influence residential
satisfaction among students which are considerations prior to the physical, social and
psychological attributes of the facilities themselves. This already corroborates the position that
the conditions and availabilities of the facilities are not the only factors influencing satisfaction.
It also establishes a relationship between the characteristics of students as individuals and the
level of residential satisfaction they exude. It therefore tends to answer the question of why
students with certain socioeconomic backgrounds exhibit certain levels of interest in some
residential satisfaction indicators. Among the physical attributes that affect residential
satisfaction among students are building height and occupancy level. Holahan and Wilcox
(1978) conducted a study on 120 first-year residents in university accommodations and
discovered that the residents of low-rise accommodations were more satisfied with the housing
facilities than the residents of high-rise mega dormitory facilities were. Adewunmi et al. (2010)
considered the postgraduate facilities in the University of Lagos, Nigeria. The work adopted the
investigative approach of post-occupancy evaluation to the subject and through the conduction
of a survey, students’ feedback was based on 29 identified performance criteria. The study
adopted a 5-point satisfaction index to assess residents’ satisfaction and it was found out that
satisfaction with adequacy of lighting in the corridors, level of cleanliness, adequacy of natural
lighting, room temperature during the rainy season and amount of space in the rooms were the
highest. On the other hand, internet facilities, telephone system, cooking facilities, noise from
outside the building and room temperature during the dry season were associated with the
lowest levels of satisfaction. The work however focused mainly on the physical aspects of
residential satisfaction and to the exclusion of the psychological and managerial aspects.

The results of this study will be useful to private sector operators of student housing facilities in
meeting students’ needs better upon a clearer understanding of the specific needs of the
residents - beyond the profit motive - as education and learning are a total process that require
a fully supportive environment.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In carrying out this research, the cluster sampling technique was used to select 4 major hostels
in Akoka while a simple random sampling was used to select 90 respondents therein. For the
purpose of data collection, self-administered questionnaires were used. Background
information for the respondents was collected and reported with descriptive statistics while the
importance and satisfaction with the identified residential satisfaction indicators were analyzed
on 5-point rating scales for their mean values as well. This was done using the SPSS (Statistical
Package for Social Scientists) software. Descriptive statistics were used to present the findings
of the study.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Respondents’ profile

72 of the 90 questionnaire distributed were collected for analysis out of the whole 90.

This resulted in an 80% response rate.

The research included four private hostels, four of which had two beds and two had four beds,

totaling 64 beds (88.9%), as indicated in Table 1.

According to the study, 64 (88.9%) of the available private hostel beds in Akoka are taken by
female students, while 8 (11.1%) are used by male students.

Additionally, it was discovered that 59 (81.9%) of the respondents were 25 years of age or
younger, 62 (86.1%) were undergraduates at various levels of study, and 10 (13.9%) were
postgraduate students. 50 respondents (69.4%) reported having their primary residences in
Lagos, while 22 people, or 30.6%, dwell mainly outside of Lagos. In terms of ethnicity, the
examined residents were separated into 34 Yorubas (47.2%), 29 Igbos (40.3%), and 9 (12.5%)
members of additional ethnic groupings including Edo and Urhobo. In their current residence,
56 of them (77.8%) have spent between one and two years, while 8 (11.1%) say they have
stayed up to four years. 36 residents (50.0%) agree that they read primarily in their dorm
rooms, while 32 (44.4%) say the campus is their preferred reading location and just 4 (5.6%)
read elsewhere.

Perception of importance of satisfaction indicators

Taking into account each respondent's distinct opinion, Table 2 ranks the recognised and
pertinent home satisfaction indicators. On a scale of 5.0, 23 of the indicators scored higher than
4.0, with the top scores being 4.79, 4.39, 4.37, 4.28, and 4.27 for security, water supply, room
size, and fire protection, respectively. This suggests that because it has an impact on their life,
property, and general well-being, students place a high value on the security of the
accommodations they use. The availability of water is also given a lot of consideration, and
given that the majority of responders are women, it is well known that women often use more
water than men do for drinking, cooking, doing laundry, taking a shower, and other sanitary
use.

Similar to this choice, the respondents in the agreeably libertarian group gave high marks for
hostel rules and regulations. Parking availability, open areas, noise level, and common room
size were typically thought to be less significant than the other considerations. The results, how
ever, do not indicate even the slightest difference with regard to any of the residential
satisfaction indicators, suggesting that all aspects were deemed to be at least somewhat import
ant as all factors rank above 3.50. This highlights the fact that the residential satisfaction
indicators used for the study's aims are consistent with what residents as a whole believe and
anticipate.

Residents’ assessment of satisfaction

The actual value of resident satisfaction was also evaluated using a 5-point rating scale after
perceptual data on the significance of the specified residential performance indicators were
gathered. The final results are displayed in Table 3 for this. With a total score of 4.46, ease of
getting to school was clearly rated the highest. This is understandable considering that all of the
hostels taken into account for this study are located within 1.5 km of the school and take 5 to 8
minutes to walk to, and a campus shuttle is also available to meet students' transportation
needs. In terms of satisfaction, proximity to places of worship is rated second (4.43), which may
be a result of the respondents' shared Nigerian religious heritage. Security is third place (4.24)
while nearness to lecture facilities is fifth place (4.06), coming much after nearness to centres of
religious worship. It must be noted however, that in geography and layout,

Table 1. Types of hostel Rooms in Akoka

Hostel Frequency % Cumulative %

Single bedded 6 8.3 8.3
Two bedded 12 16.7 25.0
Three bedded 2 2.8 27.8
Four bedded 52 72.2 100.0
Total 100.0 100.0
Source: Author’s field work (2016)

Table 2. Relative importance ranking

Residential Satisfaction Indicators Ranks Overall Importance

Rating
Security 1st 4.79
Water Supply 2nd 4,39
Room size 3rd 4.37
Availability of fire protection 4th 4.28
Nearness to worship centers 5th 4.27
Drainage system 6th 4.24
Ease of transportation to School 7th 4.17
Room temperature during the day 8th 4.17
Refuse Disposal 9th 4.16
Kitchen Facilities 10th 4.11
Hostel fees 11th 4.11
Ventilation within building 12th 4.10
Hostel rules and regulations 13th 4.10
Conveniences 14th 4.09
Cleanliness of surroundings 15th 4.07
Room temperature at night 16th 4.06
Adequacy of natural lighting 17th 4.06
Internal arrangement of rooms 18th 4.04
Nearness to banking facilities 19th 4.03
Electricity 20th 4.03
Visual Privacy 21st 4.03
Vent Corridor 22nd 4.00
Nearness to lecture facilities 23rd 4.00
Nearness to the market 24th 3.88
Common room space 25th 3.87
Internet Facilities 26th 3.83
Noise Level 27th 3.72
Open Spaces 28th 3.70
Nearness to Sporting facilities 29th 3.69
Parking Spaces 30th 3.53
Source: Author’s field work(2016)

the university religious center and off-campus religious centers are generally closer to these
privately owned hostel facilities, all of which are off-campus.
Remarkably, residents' satisfaction with room size (3.83) and hostel prices (3.74), two factors
that are good indications of value for money among the respondents, was only moderate.

Table 3. Residents Satisfaction levels

Residential Satisfaction Indicators Rank Overall Importance

Rating
Ease of transportation to School 1st 4.46
Nearness to worship centres 2nd 4.43
Security of the premises 3rd 4.24
Refuse Disposal 4th 4.14
Nearness to lecture facilities 5th 4.06
Drainage system 6th 4.05
Nearness to banking facilities 7th 4.03
Nearness to the market 8th 4.00
Open Spaces 9th 3.94
Ventilation within the building 10th 3.86
Common room space Hostel fees 11th 3.85
Parking Spaces 12th 3.85
Room size 13th 3.83
Cleanliness of surroundings 14th 3.83
Hostel rules and regulations 15th 3.82
Hostel fees 16th 3.74
Ventilation in the corridors 17th 3.66
Noise level in the building 18th 3.66
Availability of fire protection device 19th 3.65
Room temperature at night 20th 3.57
Adequacy of natural lighting 21st 3.56
Water supply 22nd 3.51
Room temperature at day 23rd 3.48
Visual privacy inside room 24th 3.46
Conveniences 25th 3.46
Internal arrangements of room 26th 3.40
Adequacy of electricity supply 27th 3.38
Kitchen Facilities 28th 3.35
Nearness to Sporting facilities 29th 3.00
Internet Facilities 30th 2.39
Source: Author’s field work (2016)

Water supply satisfaction rated 3.51 and power supply adequacy scored 3.38, indicating that
there is room for improvement.
Since the participants are largely women, visual privacy in rooms is particularly essential.
It measured above average (3.46) and might be taken into consideration when making design
changes. Last but not least, internet facilities get a 2.39.
Given that modern learning demands an almost continual online presence, this is a poor
performance. While the tenants themselves might sign up for several internet service providers
on their mobile devices as a backup, Nigerian telephone and internet services are still not
entirely trustworthy. Hostel operators could save the situation by offering WiFi services to its
guests.
Overall, it can be said that the respondents have an above average level of satisfaction with
respect to the hostel facilities they occupy.

Method of data collection

In order to conduct this study, 90 respondents were chosen at random from four of Akoka's
most popular hostels using the cluster sampling approach.
Self-administrated questionnaires were utilised to obtain the data.
Descriptive statistics were used to gather background data on the respondents, and 5-
point rating scales were used to determine the significance and level of satisfaction with the
selected home satisfaction indicators.
The SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Scientists) programme was used for this.
The study's findings were presented using descriptive statistics.

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

This study's objective is to assess the variables that affect students' residential decisions while
they are enrolled in higher education in Nigeria.
The goal of this study was to identify the crucial factors affecting students' residential choices.
The survey's findings and data analysis showed that the respondents' top four considerations
when selecting a hall of residence were the location in relation to the school, the cost of the
property rental, the kind of accommodation, and the calibre of amenities offered.
The goal of this article is to assess how happy students are with the residence halls at a few
public universities in the regions of Nigeria.

In this connection, the study investigates the extent to which the students are satisfied with the
residence, surroundings, and administration aspects of student housing.
The results demonstrate that University of Ibadan students in the study region are generally

satisfied with their hostel environment, housing, and management, but students at recently
created institutions are less satisfied than the national average.
The results show that there are variations in the degree to which students are satisfied with
their accommodations, and these variances are principally influenced by the environment,
housing
and management interaction subsystem. In illumination of the study's findings, it is
pertinent to suggest that the federal government, acting through the university's authority,
in conjunction with private real estate investors and developers, make an effort to invest in
student housing on
university campuses, preferably one that is close to transportation hubs and has some basic
amenities inside to improve the learning experience and academic performance of residents.
This will ensure that the students, have a positive residential experience while pursuing their
Education.
REFERENCES

Adewunmi, Y., Omirin, M., Famuyiwa, F., and Farinloye, O. (2010). Post-occupancy evaluation
of postgraduate hostel facilities. Facilities, 29(3/4): 149-168.

Afon, A. O. (2000): The Use of Residents’ Environmental Quality Indicator (EQI) Data in the Core
Residential Housing Improvement. In Effective Housing in the 21st Century Nigeria, ed. O. B.
Akinbamijo, A. S. Famehinmi, D. R. Ogunsemi, and A. Olotuah, 115- 122.

Akinola,S. R. (1998): The Pattern of Housing Quality in Osogbo, Journal of Environmental Design
and Management, Vol. 1, Nos. 1 and 2, pp. 110- 111

Akure: The Environment Forum. Agbola, T., Olatubara, C. O. and Alabi, M. (2001): Student On-
Campus Housing at Bursting Point: A Case Study of University of Ibadan, Occasional Publication
No. 14, pp. 7-10.

Alkandari, N. (2007): Students’ Perceptions of the Residence Hall Living Environment at Kuwait
University. College Student Journal, 41(2), 327-335.

Asiabaka, I. P. (2008). The need for effective facility management in schools in Nigeria. New
York Science Journal, 10-21.

Devlin, A. S. (1994). Gender-role and Housing Preferences.

Journal of Environmental Psychology,14(3 ), 225 – 235

Estler, S. (1969). A critical incident study of learning at Ohio University, An unpublished

Master’s Thesis, Ohio University, June 1969.

Harms, J. (2006). Student Satisfaction with Residential Life. Office of the Vice Chancellor for
Students University of Hawai`i at Mānoa. July 2006.

Holahan, C. J., and Wilcox, B. L. (1978). Residential satisfaction and friendship formation in
high and low rise student housing: An interactional analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology,
70(2): 237- 241.

Khozaei, F., Ayub, N., Hassan, A. S. and Khozaei, Z. (2010). The factors predicting students’
satisfaction with university hostels, case study, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Asian Culture and
History, 2(2): 148-158.

Mohit, M. A., Ibrahim, M., and Rashid, Y. R. (2010). Assessment of residential satisfaction in
newly designed public low-cost housing in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Habitat International, 34(1):
18-27.

Najib, N. U. M., Yusof, N. and Osman, Z. (2011a). Measuring satisfaction with student housing
facilities. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4(1): 52-60.
Najib, N. U. M., Yusof, N. and Osman, Z. (2011b). The relationship between students’ socio-
economic backgrounds and student residential satisfaction. World Academy of Science,
Engineering and Technology, 80: 1200-1205.

Onibokun, A. G. (1985), Cited in Akinola, S. R. (1998): The Pattern of Housing Quality in Osogbo,
Journal of Environmental Design and Management, Vol. 1, Nos. 1 and 2, pp. 109-110. Osagie, R.
O. (1993): Dropout in the University of Benin. M.Ed. Dissertation, (Unpublished) Benin: Faculty
of Education, University of Benin.

Otobo, J. C. (2002): in Vanguard Newspaper Education Weekly, June 6th,2002, pp. 33.

Theodori, G. L. (2001): Examining the Effects of Community Satisfaction and Attachment on

Individual Well-Being, Rural Sociology, 4(66): 618-628. www.postgraduateschool.ui.edu.ng,
2008. Amole, 1997; Onibokun, 1974; Theodori, 2001; Oladapo, 2006; Jiboye, 2010

Ricker, H.C. and Decoster, D. A. (2008). The educational role in college student housing. The
Journal of College and University Student Housing, 35(2): 80-85.

Thomsen, J. (2007). Home Experiences in Student Housing: About Temporary Homes

and Institutional Character.
Journal of Youth Studies,
10(5), 577

Ubong, B. (2007). Hostel Accommodation in Tertiary Educational Institutions in Nigeria: to be

or not to be? Adv Sci Technol Res 14

CITATION

Ifaturoti, A. S. (2017). Residential satisfaction in private tertiary student housing facilities in

Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria. Adv Sci Technol Res, 3(2): 8-14

Adeleye, O. A, Akinpelu, O. P, Azeez, T. O. (2018). Students’ housing satisfaction in selected

public tertiary institutions in Oyo state, Nigeria. Vol. VI, Issue 5.

Federal University of Technology, Akure Student Affair Office (2012). Unpublished Compilation
on Undergraduate Students’ Record and Data Entry. Ge, J., and Hokao, K. (2006).
APPENDIX

Questionnaire on residential satisfaction in tertiary student housing facilities in Akoka - Yaba

Dear respondent,

This questionnaire was designed for the collection of data towards academic research with the above
mentioned topic. Kindly respond correctly to all the listed fields. Your response would be immensely
appreciated used solely for the purpose of this study.

Thank you.

SECTION A: Respondent’s Profile/Background Information

Please tick the boxes that tally with your response to each of the following questions.

1. Gender [ ] Male [ ] Female [ ] Transgender

2. Age [ ] Under 21 [ ] 21-25 [ ] 26- 30 [ ] 31-35 [ ] 36 and above

3. Level of academic study [ ] Freshman [ ] Final year [ ] Undergraduate but neither freshman nor final
year student [ ] Postgraduate student [ ] Non-degree student

4. Permanent home address [ ] Within Lagos [ ] Outside Lagos

5. Ethnicity [ ] Hausa [ ] Igbo [ ] Yoruba [ ] Foreign [ ] Others (Please specify) ______________________

6. Years lived in your present accommodation [ ] 1 year [ ] 2 years [ ] 3 years [ ] 4 years or more

7. Name of hostel currently occupied ___________________________________________

8. Type of accommodation you occupy [ ] Single-bedded room [ ] Two-bedded room [ ] Three-bedded

room [ ] Four-bedded room [ ] Flat

9. Where do you read/study most of the times? [ ] Hostel environment [ ] Campus environment [ ]
Other places (Please specify) _____________

SECTION B: Assessment of Residents’ Satisfaction with Student Housing Facilities Please tick your
answers in the columns provided below:

Please note that 1 is lowest while 5 is highest Residential Satisfaction Indicators Its importance to you

Cumulative %
Two bedded 12 25.0
Three bedded 2 27.8
 Four bedded 52 100.0
Total 100.0
Source: Author’s field work (2016)

Residential Satisfaction Indicator It’s important to you Your level of satisfaction

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Ease of transportation to School
Nearness to worship centers
Security of the premises
Refuse Disposal
Nearness to lecture facilities
Drainage system
Nearness to banking facilities
Nearness to the market
Open Spaces
Ventilation within the building
Common room space Hostel fees
Parking Spaces
Room size
Cleanliness of surroundings
Hostel rules and regulations
Hostel fees
Ventilation in the corridors
Noise level in the building
Availability of fire protection device
Room temperature at night
Adequacy of natural lighting
Water supply
Room temperature at day
Visual privacy inside room
Conveniences
Internal arrangements of room
Adequacy of electricity supply
Kitchen Facilities
Nearness to Sporting facilities
Internet Facilities
Source: Author’s field work (2016)