Study Guide - CHH Chapter 25 - Differential Reinforcement - BEHV 5618 Section 918 - ABA Foundations, Concepts and Principles 2 (Spring 2023 1)

4/17/23, 10:21 PM Study Guide: CHH Chapter 25 - Differential Reinforcement: BEHV 5618 Section 918 - ABA Foundations, Concepts
Concepts and Principle…
Study Guide: CHH Chapter 25 - Differential

Reinforcement
Due Apr 10 at 11:59pm Points 30 Questions 30
Available until Apr 17 at 11:59pm Time Limit None Allowed Attempts 3
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Study Guide
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4/17/23, 10:21 PM Study Guide: CHH Chapter 25 - Differential Reinforcement: BEHV 5618 Section 918 - ABA Foundations, Concepts and Principle…
How is a positive reductive procedure different from other procedures

designed to decrease inappropriate behavior?
The procedure is designed to maintain the individual's self-esteem.
Reinforcement is used to decrease behaviors.

The other procedures use negative reinforcement to reduce behavior, a
positive reductive procedure uses positive reinforcement.

It results in a faster behavior reduction when compared with other
reductive procedures.
Incorrect
What is the definition of Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible

Behavior (DRI)?

defining and eliminating behaviors which are incompatible with the
desired behavior

arranging the environment so the individual chooses to emit behaviors
incompatible with the desired behavior

withholding reinforcers from the behavior to be reduced and delivering
reinforcers for the desired behavior

selecting and reinforcing behaviors which displace the behavior to be
reduced
Why should behaviors selected for reinforcement be useful or relevant to

the learner?
learning will be faster

natural or existing consequences will likely reinforce the behavior once
learned
the reinforcers will have a stronger effect

the desired behaviors will increase quickly and thus the DRI procedure
will work faster in reducing the inappropriate behavior
In the situation of the child whose running from room to room was targeted
for reduction, why did the parents choose to reinforce walking from room to
room?
The parents were tired of constantly punishing the child.

The parents hoped walking instead of running would help calm him down
during family activities.
It was easier to keep track of the child's whereabouts in the house.
The child could not run and walk at the same time.
How can the effectiveness of the DRI/DRA procedures be enhanced?

begin by using the procedure only in the setting in which the
inappropriate behavior is most severe

include the individual in the selection of the incompatible or alternative
behavior(s)
combine DRI/DRA with other reductive procedures

limit the use of DRI/DRA to reducing inappropriate behaviors not firmly
established in the student's repertoire
Incorrect
Consequences used in DRA/DRI procedures should be:
(Select all that apply)

stronger than the reinforcer currently maintaining the problem behavior
novel to the environment to increase salience

delivered contingent on the appropriate behavior and withheld contingent
on the problem behavior

the same as the consequence that was maintaining the problem behavior
Incorrect
What is the definition of Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior

(DRO)?

defining and reinforcing a set of behaviors other than the behavior
targeted for reduction

the reinforcement, at specific times, of any behavior other than the
behavior targeted for reduction

punishing the behavior targeted for reduction and reinforcing any other
behavior

gradually reducing the reinforcement of the target behavior and
increasing the reinforcement of other behaviors
What schedule delivers reinforcement contingent on the absence of a

target behavior?
NCR
EXT
DRA
DRO
What is the defining characteristic of the class of behaviors to be

reinforced in the DRO procedure?
appropriate behaviors to be developed
absence of the behavior targeted for reduction
opposite of the behavior targeted for reduction
cannot occur at the same time as the behavior targeted for reduction
Incorrect
What happens if the behavior targeted for reduction in a DRO procedure

occurs during the time interval?
the next occurrence of an appropriate behavior is reinforced
a new time interval is started
an aversive consequence is delivered
the response is ignored
What is the difference between fixed and variable schedules?

in fixed DRO, the reinforcer is delivered if the behavior is not occuring at
the end of the inteval; in variable DRO, the reinforcer is delivered if the
behavior did not occur during the interval

in fixed DRO, the interval duration remains constant from trial to trial; in
variable DRO, the duration changes

in variable DRO, reinforcers are delivered on an intermittent schedule,
whereas fixed DRO specifies delivery on a continuous schedule

variable DRO is used for reducing more complex inappropriate behaviors
Which DRO schedule is being used if reinforcers are delivered for the
emission of any appropriate behavior after each 15 second time interval?
fixed
continuous
variable
regular
Which DRO schedule is being used if reinforcers are delivered for the
emission of any appropriate behavior after intervals of different lengths,
averaging 15 seconds in length?
variable
regular
continuous
fixed
Why should initial time intervals in the DRO procedure be kept as short as
is appropriate?

to keep the behavior analyst focused on the behavior and task by
maintaining involvement
to allow a behavior analyst to practice the procedure

to allow the individual frequent opportunities to practice appropriate
behaviors
to allow for frequent opportunities for reinforcement
How quickly should changes in a DRO time interval be made?

gradually to insure that behavior reduction will continue as intervals grow
longer

quickly to facilitate progress toward intervals of longer and more natural
length

gradually if the inappropriate behavior is reoccurring and quickly if the
occurrence of the behavior is decreasing

progressively faster as the procedure begins to lead to a reduction in the
inappropriate behavior
How can the interval duration in the DRO procedure be increased?

increase when the individual is happy and requires fewer reinforcers and
decrease when the individual is frustrated and requires more reinforcers
change from session to session based on performance data
it doesn't matter as long as the type of DRO is always the same
by a constant amount of time, being sure to monitor behavior levels
Incorrect
Which approach for lengthening the DRO interval has been used if a
behavior analyst makes the interval 30 seconds longer at each opportunity
for an increase?
constant time
intermittent ratio
variable interval
proportional
What happens in the interval DRL procedure if the rate of responding

exceeds the criterion level before the end of the interval?
reinforcement is postponed and a new time interval initiated
the interval is completed but reinforcers are not delivered
the behavior is punished and the criterion for reinforcement reduced
the behavior is reinforced and a new time interval initiated
How should the initial interval in the interval and spaced-responding DRL
procedures be determined?
average amount of time taken for response
the longest interval during baseline
the shortest interval during baseline
average interresponse time during baseline
Incorrect
What should happen to the criterion level required for reinforcement in a

DRL procedure when the individual begins to consistently earn
reinforcers?

The behavior analyst should begin to collect data on behavior levels to
determine if changes are appropriate.

gradual increase in the ceiling rate of responses and/or decrease in the
time interval
It should remain the same to maintain frequent reinforcement.

gradual decrease in the ceiling rate of responses and/or increase in the
time interval
Because punishment and extinction procedures often have undesirable

side effects, applied behavior analysts:
never use punishment or extinction procedures

have developed reinforcement-based procedures that result in
decreasing problem behaviors
use DRI, DRA, DRL or DRO
use theory of mind procedures
Incorrect
How is the DRO procedure different from either DRI or DRA?

It works best when combined with other behavior change procedures.

The behaviors to be reinforced are not specified by the behavior analyst.
It can be employed under a greater variety of stimulus conditions.
It focuses on behavior reduction, not behavior development.
DRL might be the positive reductive procedure of choice in a situation

where an individual is talking too fast to be understood because:
the focus is on developing appropriate behavior
the target behavior is not necessarily totally eliminated

it allows the individual to easily discriminate what is acceptable behavior
and what is not acceptable
it is easier to apply in natural settings
DRI/DRA would NOT be the reductive procedures of choice to decrease

an individual's clothes tearing behavior because:
the behavior reduction only lasts as long as the procedure is in effect

they are often accompanied by aggressive behaviors which would only
aggravate the situation
the behavior reduction is gradual

they are difficult to combine with other procedures that would also help in
this situation
Because reinforcement in DRO is contingent on the absence of a target

behavior, it:
is sometimes called omission training
focuses on the behavior of a group rather than an individual
usually targets multiple behaviors at the same time
does not really constitute a reduction procedure
Why are DRL and DRO time consuming procedures to implement?
reinforcers are delivered for more than one behavior

They are often used for reducing serious or complex inappropriate
behaviors.

a behavior analyst is constantly modifying the length of the time interval
constant observation is required
Why might a behavior analyst working alone with a group of eight

individuals have difficulty using the DRO or DRL procedure with one
member of the group?
Outbursts of inappropriate behavior are more likely in a group.

The procedures require that data be collected on all members of the
group.
The rate of behavior reduction is gradual for these procedures.

Continuous observation is required for monitoring target behavior and
delivering reinforcers.
Which DRL procedure works best to maintain a behavior at a specific

lower rate?
full-session
interval
intermittent
spaced-responding
Which DRL procedure is appropriate when maintenance of a specified

lower rate of responding is not important?
full-session
intermittent
None of these are correct.
interval
What events and/or procedures are possible components of the interval

DRL?
reinforcement
None of these are correct.
extinction
resetting of the timer if the criterion level of responding is exceeded
Quiz Score: 23 out of 30

Study Guide - CHH Chapter 25 - Differential Reinforcement - BEHV 5618 Section 918 - ABA Foundations, Concepts and Principles 2 (Spring 2023 1)

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4/17/23, 10:21 PM Study Guide: CHH Chapter 25 - Differential Reinforcement: BEHV 5618 Section 918 - ABA Foundations, Concepts

Concepts and Principle…

Study Guide: CHH Chapter 25 - Differential

Take the Quiz Again

LATEST Attempt 2 7 minutes 23 out of 30

Attempt 1 73 minutes 16.33 out of 30

 Answers will be shown after your last attempt

Score for this attempt: 23 out of 30

How is a positive reductive procedure different from other procedures

The procedure is designed to maintain the individual's self-esteem.

Reinforcement is used to decrease behaviors.

What is the definition of Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible

Why should behaviors selected for reinforcement be useful or relevant to

learning will be faster

the reinforcers will have a stronger effect

The parents were tired of constantly punishing the child.

It was easier to keep track of the child's whereabouts in the house.

How can the effectiveness of the DRI/DRA procedures be enhanced?

combine DRI/DRA with other reductive procedures

Consequences used in DRA/DRI procedures should be:

(Select all that apply)

novel to the environment to increase salience

What is the definition of Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior

What schedule delivers reinforcement contingent on the absence of a

What is the defining characteristic of the class of behaviors to be

appropriate behaviors to be developed

absence of the behavior targeted for reduction

opposite of the behavior targeted for reduction

What happens if the behavior targeted for reduction in a DRO procedure

the next occurrence of an appropriate behavior is reinforced

a new time interval is started

an aversive consequence is delivered

the response is ignored

What is the difference between fixed and variable schedules?

to allow a behavior analyst to practice the procedure

to allow for frequent opportunities for reinforcement

How quickly should changes in a DRO time interval be made?

How can the interval duration in the DRO procedure be increased?

(Select all that apply)

change from session to session based on performance data

it doesn't matter as long as the type of DRO is always the same

by a constant amount of time, being sure to monitor behavior levels

What happens in the interval DRL procedure if the rate of responding

reinforcement is postponed and a new time interval initiated

the interval is completed but reinforcers are not delivered

the behavior is punished and the criterion for reinforcement reduced

the behavior is reinforced and a new time interval initiated

average amount of time taken for response

the longest interval during baseline

the shortest interval during baseline

average interresponse time during baseline

What should happen to the criterion level required for reinforcement in a

It should remain the same to maintain frequent reinforcement.

Because punishment and extinction procedures often have undesirable

(Select all that apply)

never use punishment or extinction procedures

use DRI, DRA, DRL or DRO

use theory of mind procedures

How is the DRO procedure different from either DRI or DRA?

It can be employed under a greater variety of stimulus conditions.

It focuses on behavior reduction, not behavior development.

DRL might be the positive reductive procedure of choice in a situation