Endiafe, Zandra A. BSBA-HRDM IV PRODMAN ASSIGNMENT NO.

PRODUCTIVITY Productivity is a measure of output from a production process, per unit of input. For example, labor productivity is typically measured as a ratio of output per labor-hour, an input. Productivity may be conceived of as a metric of the technical or engineering efficiency of production. As such, the emphasis is on quantitative metrics of input, and sometimes output. Productivity is distinct from metrics of locative efficiency, which take into account both the monetary value (price) of what is produced and the cost of inputs used, and also distinct from metrics of profitability, which address the difference between the revenues obtained from output and the expense associated with consumption of inputs.

EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY Efficiency and effectiveness are both commonly used management terms. Yet, while they sound similar and start with the same letters, they both mean different things. Efficiency refers to doing things in a right manner. Scientifically, it is defined as the output to input ratio and focuses on getting the maximum output with minimum resources. Effectiveness, on the other hand, refers to doing the right things. It constantly measures if the actual output meets the desired output. Since efficiency is all about focusing on the process, importance is given to the means of doing things whereas effectiveness focuses on achieving the end goal. Effectiveness, on the other hand, believes in meeting the end goal and therefore takes into consideration any variables that may change in the future. In order to be efficient time and again, discipline and rigor is required. This can build inflexibility into the system. Effectiveness, on the other hand, keeps the long term strategy in mind and is thus more adaptable to the changing environment.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT PRODUCTIVITY Methods Method is a means or manner of procedure, especially a regular and systematic way of accomplishing something. Capital Capital is an accumulated stock of such wealth or its value Quality Quality is to gain the speed of automatic features such as spell checking and error correction. Technology Technology is the making, usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, craft, system or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or serve some purpose.

Management Management means that the other productivity might be achieved through improving organization and preparation for the other typing.

COMPETITIVENESS Companies must be competitive to sell their goods and services in the market place. Competitiveness is an important factor in determining whether a company prospers, barely gets by, or fails. Business organizations compete with one another in a variety of ways. Keys among them are price, quality, product or service differentiation, flexibility and time to perform certain activities. Competitiveness is how an organization meets the needs of customers relative to others that offer similar goods or services.

STRATEGY An organizations strategy has a long-term impact on the nature and characteristics of the organization. In large measure, strategies affect the ability of an organization to compete or, in the case of a nonprofit organization, the ability to serve its intended purpose. Strategy is a plan for achieving organizational goals. Strategy, a word of military origin, refers to a plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal. In military strategy is distinct from tactics, which are concerned with the conduct of an engagement, while strategy is concerned with how different engagements are linked. How a battle is fought is a matter of tactics: the terms and conditions that it is fought on and whether it should be fought at all is a matter of strategy, which is part of the four levels of warfare: political goals or grand strategy, strategy, operation, and tactic. Building on the work of many thinkers on the subject, one can define strategy as "a comprehensive way to try to pursue political ends, including the threat or actual use of force, in a dialectic of wills there have to be at least two sides to a conflict. These sides interact, and thus a Strategy will rarely be successful if it shows no adaptability.

TYPES OF STRATEGY Organization Strategy It means that the organization have an over-all strategy for the whole organization. Functional Strategy It means that it relates to each of the functional areas of the organization. Operations Strategy It is the narrower in scope dealing primarily with the operations aspect of the organization. It is also the approach that is consistent with the organization strategy which is used to guide the operations function. New Strategies 1. Quality Based Strategy Strategy that focuses on satisfying the customer by integrating quality into all phases of the organization. 2. Time Based Strategy Stategy that focuses on reducing the time required to accomplish various activities.

TIME-BASED INNOVATION Time-based innovation is an aspect of Lean Production. Time-based innovation is a standard procedure to get access to a machine, especially a working position with a computer and the functions of this computer within a certain span of time. Such granted access may be automatically terminated. It is a general approach that recognizes the importance of time and seeks to reduce the level of unproductive time in an organization. Benefits include: Quicker response times (reduced lead times) to meet changing market and customer needs Faster new product development Reduction in waste, therefore greater efficiency