Slide 1

Good afternoon, happy international seminar participants

Introduce my name is Nur Hafni hasim
On this happy day, I will present the results of research I did with the title determinants of
stunting in west Papua. This research is a systematic review resulting from a review of the
journals we did.

Slide 2
This research departs from the problems we encountered from searching for data presented by
world health organizations and organizations that are directly related to economic conditions
that affect the nutritional status of a country. The data we can get from Two thousand twenty
to Two thousand twenty one. and these data show that there is an urgency in the incidence of
malnutrition in the world and Indonesia. The World Health Organization states that  one
hundred and forty-nineth million children under five years of age worldwide are
experiencing malnutrition, and 45 million of these children are too thin for their age. In 2021,
according to the Global Nutrition Report, there is a thirty point six persen incidence of stunting
for children under five years old in Asia and twenty seven point four persen of children under
five years of age experiencing stunting in Southeast Asia. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, there are
thirty point two persen of stunting incidents for children under five years of age, according to the
Asian Development Bank in Two thousand twenty on. According to the organization, Indonesia
is the 2nd worst country with the highest incidence of stunting in Southeast Asia.

Slide 3

Currently, the Who stipulates that the incidence of stunting in a country should not exceed
twenty persen. In West Papua, the incidence of stunting is still very high, exceeding the figure
recommended by the government and the world health Organization. There are very high
prevalence rates of stunting, namely Arfak Regency, South Sorong Regency, Tambrauw
Regency, Maybrat Regency, Raja Ampat Regency, and Teluk Wondama Regency. Arfak
mountainous district is the district that has the highest stunting rate, West Papua Province with
fourty point one persen stunting incidence, and the lowest district is Teluk Wondama District
with thirty one%. We know this stunting will cause a decrease in human quality in the future.

slide 4
Papua and West Papua are provinces that experience slower human resource development
compared to other areas in Indonesia. We want to know what factors influence this stunting
incident in West Papua. As a start, we identified the results of research published previously in
the last five years, namely from Two thousand and seventeen to Two thousand and
twenty two, where we searched for journals in 5 databases available around the world that
specifically discussed stunting and West Papua. The databases we use are Google Scholar,
base, Scopus, web of Science and PubMed. Our process consists of three applications or
software: Vosviewer, Open Knowledge Maps and Connected Papers. We use VOS viewer and
Open Knowledge Maps to search and collect journals. Next, we connect the journals using the
point connect papers application. Next, we analyze these journals using the PICO analysis
technique.

Slide 5
From the search results for these journals, we found six journals that specifically discuss
stunting in West Papua. The results of the first study, namely from Brilliantita et al. (2022), found
that the factors associated with the incidence of stunting in West Papua were protein and fat
intake, parental work, pocket money given by parents to school, carbohydrate intake, parent
education, parent's income. Then Elzina Dina De Fretes (2021) explained that a mother's
height, history of exclusive breastfeeding, and birth weight have a high probability of stunting in
children. Nasrul (2018) said that Birth Weight, Age Group, Mother's Age, birth spacing,
Gestational Age, Mother's Education Length, Washing hands, immunization status, History of
Diarrhea, Cigarette Smoke Exposure, Latrine Ownership have a significant contribution to the
incidence of stunting. Widiastuti et al. (2021) also found another thing, namely access to Clean
Water Sources and insufficient knowledge about nutrition significantly contributed to the
incidence of stunting. Ningsih et al. (2020) found that a history of infectious disease, Exclusive
breastfeeding, immunization status, and History of Diarrhea also contributed to the incidence of
stunting. And the last is the research result of Aditianti et al. (2020), which states that knowledge
of mothers in the first thousand days of intervention in birth., parent education, mother's height,
Father's BMI, place of delivery is very likely to contribute to the incidence of child stunting. Age
less than 5 years.

Slide 6
From the analysis of these journals, we try to conclude that three main factors cause stunting in
West Papua. These are child factors, parental factors and external factors. We mean external
factors here are other factors that are not from humans. Child factors related to stunting are a
history of experiencing infectious diseases, intake of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, and then
the immunization status obtained for the child. In addition, the history of the child receiving
exclusive breastfeeding is also a determining factor for stunting. On Parental factors such as
age, body mass index, birth spacing, occupation and income as well as parental education,
gestational age and place of delivery as well as mother's knowledge about the first one hundred
days of birth and what nutrition is given or consumed are essential factors that contribute to
stunting, in children. On external factors, according to this journal, latrine ownership, frequent
exposure to cigarette smoke, a clean and healthy lifestyle, and the ability to access clean water
significantly affect the incidence of stunting. Therefore, we are conducting a follow-up study on
six districts in West Papua which are reported to have the highest stunting incidence to prove
whether these factors also contribute to the incidence of stunting in these districts. We hope
there are new findings that might be a way to overcome stunting in these districts.

we hope that our study can contribute to the development of science, especially pediatric
nursing science. Thank you