Drawasthithiya

øjiÓ
a ;h
s
(Hydrostatics)
CONTENTS PAGE NO
THEORY NOTE 01
nyqjrK wNHdi 07
rpkd wNHdi 14
mi.
q h
s úNd. mY
% k
a 18
nyqjrK ms<s;=re 30
word guide 30
WORK PLAN 31
Advanced Level PHYSICS Hydrostatics
øjiaÓ;sh · >k;j
a h iudk øj mßud ñYK
% hl >k;j
a h" fmr
>k;ja hu fõ'
fuys § kYs p
a ,j mj;k
s " iucd;h
S wiïmv
S H ;r,hka f.a .K
=
wOHkh flf¾';r,hla hkq wxY= tlf s klg idfml
a I
a j p,kh
úh yels mod¾: fldgil's · fjkia øjj, ñY%Khl iM, >k;ajh >k;aj
w.hkj a , w;rueo w.hl's
iïmSvH ;r, Wod(-
1' >k;j a h 6000 kg m-3 yd 2000 kgm-3 jk øj 02
lks a >k;j a h 3000 kgm-3 l ñYK % hla iE§fï
wiïmSvH ;r, § mßud w;r wkm q d;h fidhkk a '
(1/3)
· ñY% lrk wfkl; = a øj mßud b;d lv = d kï"
iucd;Sh ;r,
ñYK% fha >k;j a h » >k;j a h jeäu fyda wvu q øjfha
>k;j a h f,i ,efí'
úIucd;Sh ;r,
idfml
a I
a >k;j
a h
hï øjhl >k;j
a h c,fha >k;j
a hg ork wkm
q d;hh's
>k;ajh ^r&
øjHfha >k;j a h (ρ)
idfml
a I
a >k;j
a h=
r = il
a kO
a h ^m& c,fha a >k;j
a h (ρw)
mßudj ^V&
tall ke; udk ke;
tall kg m-3 udk ML-3
rV
· >k;j a h mv
S kh yd WIK a ;j
a h fjkia lrk úg idfml
a I
a >k;j
a h ^d& =
rwV
fjkia fõ'
· wdi%e; c,fha >k;ajh = 1000 kgm-3 = 1 gcm-3
1 cm3 = 1 ml
mg ^nr&
\ 100 cm3 = 1000 ml = 1 l = m g îudk c, mßudjl nr&
w
6 3 6
\ 1 m3 = 10 cm = 10 ml = 1000 l iudk c, mßudjl nr hkq iïm¾
Q Kfhka c,fha .,
s j
a Q úg
we;j
s k u h's
ñY%Khl iM, >k;ajh
øjhka lsysmhla tl;= lr idokq ,nk ñY%Khl iM,

>k;ajh fuys§ idlÉPd lrhs'
øjhl
a h= ñYK
iM, >k;j % fha u¿
q il
a kO
a h idfml
>k;j
a Ia =
a h
ñYK
% fha u¿
q mßudj
iM, >k;ajh ^r& wji:

a d fofl§a tlu mßudjla .,
s h
s h;
q = h'
Î& îi& îi& >k;j

a lm
= m
a h
s
iudk ialkaO iudk mßud ila kO a uqäh
ñY% l< úg ñY% l< úg yd mßud
^m,r1&^m,r2& ^V,r1&^V,r2& fjkia úg
lr flaIsl isÿr
m+m ρ1v+ρ2v ^V1,m1,r1& n|

ρ= m m ρ= 2v ^V2,m2,r2& · WIK
a ;j a h kh s ; úg§ fuys wNHk; a r mßudj khs ; fõ'
ρ1 + ρ2
m1 + m2 · nfoka we,Æ a úg WIK a ;j a h jeä ù mi % drKh jk ki s d
2ρ1 ρ2 ρ + ρ2 ρ= v +v
rA = rA = 1 1 2 lfrka we,, a u
S iÿs lrh's
ρ1 + ρ2 2 · jeä mrq øjh mr q jd uä q h jeiQ úg jeä c,h iÿsfrka bj;a fõ'
(øj follg muK)s . f;; ud;; a = lr .kk a '
· m fjkqjg rv fh§ug yels h' · c,h mr q jd yd øjh mr q jd iudk mßud j, il a kO
a w;r
wkmq d;fhka idfml a Ia >k;j a h fidhh's
· v fjkqjg m/r fh§h yels h'
Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

1
mSvkh ksrfmalaI mSvkh
n,h (F) jdhqf.da, mSvkh o i,lk ,o úg wod, ,laIHfha uq¿

mv
S kh =
,ïNl j¾.M,h (A) mSvkhhs'
l
tall Nm-2/Pa udk ML-1T-2 L
· mSvkh hkq iuid¾jÈY rdYshls'

B A
øjiaÓ;sl mSvkh A ys § mSvkh = π+ (L+l)ρg
øjiÓa ;l
s mv
S kh hkq øjhl by< mj;k s wxYk + f
a .a nr ki
s d B ys § mSvkh = π+ (L+l)ρg
we;j
s k n,h fy;a f
= jka my< wxY= u; we;j
s k mv
S khh's
tkï" ksoyia mDIaGfha isg we;s isria .eUqr mSvkh
iòyd n,mdhs' tlu uÜgïj, mSvk iudk fõ'
r h r2
îi&
x r1
l3
x A
α l2
c, mDIaGhl h .eUqßka jQ x ,ËHh i,luq' th u; by< msysá
α θ l1
c,lò u`.ska mSvkhla we;sfõ'
c, lfòa mßudj = Ah t
c, lfòa ialkaOh = Ahρ
c, lfòa nr = Ahρg x ,laIHfhys mSvkh = π+l1cosθρ1g-l2cosαρ1g
Ahρg = hρg
\ we;s lrk mSvkh^P& = F/A =
A tkï" øjhla ;=< my<g h;au mSvkh taldldr j jeä
jk w;r ta iòyd isria Wi jeo.;a fõ'
îii&
h = ksoyia mDIaGfha isg we;s ,ïN ÿr
r = >k;ajh
g = iM, ;ajrKh
A
jeo.;a "
îlrh ksYap, úg PA = π+ hρg
· j¾.M,h u; rod fkdmj;S'
a ;ajrKfhka by< hk úg" PA = π+ hρ(g+a)
· my< h;au P↑ fõ'
· øjh fjkia jqjfyd;a iólrKh kej; fhÈh hq;=h' a ;ajrKfhka my< hk úg" PA =π+ hρ(g-a)
fï wkqj" iM, FjrKh øjiaÓ;sl mSvkh iòyd

jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh jeo.;a fõ'
jdhqf.da,Sh jd;h ksid we;slrkq n,k mSvkhhs'
· .=re;ajh hgf;a FjrKfhka my< jefgk úg iM,
fmd<j uÜgfï §"
FjrKh Y=kHhls' jd'f.da'mS muKla we;s fõ'
5 -2
jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh = 1 x 10 Nm
mSvkh ksid mDIaGh u; we;sjk n, ,l=Kq lrkak' tu
= 76 Hg cm n,hka ieúgu" mDIaGhg ,ïNlj j ls%hd lrhs' tlu
uÜgfï we;sjk mSvk iudk h' ;jo mSvkh iuid¾jÈY
= 1 bar rdYshls' tlu uÜgfï TkEu ÈYdjlg we;sjk ,ïNl
n,ho iudkh'
= 1 atm
= 10 H2O m

2
jeo.;a" 5' .=re;ajh hgf;a my< hk úg ksrfmaCI mSvkh
øj lsysmhla mj;sk úg mSvkh øj u`.ska we;s lrk
mSvkhka f.a tl;=jg iudk h' P
h1 r1
P=π
h2 r2 P = π+h1ρ1g+h2ρ2g + h3ρ3g
h3 r3
h
mSvkh iïnkaO m%ia;dr îi&
h1 r1
h2 r2
Î& h3 r3
A
h
.eUqr iu`. ksrfmlaI P ys úp,kh m%ia;dr.; lrkak'
1' .eUqr h iu`. øjiaÓ;sl P ys úp,kh P

P=(ρg)h wkl % Kh=ρg
q u
P y= m x
P
wkl % Kh=ρg
q u
h1 h2 h3 h
h h
mDÓúh u;§ y| u;§
2' h iu`. ksrfmalaI P ys úp,kh meial,a f.a mSvk iïfma%IK uQ,O¾uh
· mi
% ;
a drj, wklq u% Kfhka rg .K = ;
s h o ^2& ys .......................................................................................
wk; a (LKv
a fhka jdhf
q .d,
a h
S mv
S kh o ,efí'
.......................................................................................
P .......................................................................................
m = ρg .......................................................................................
C =π p
Wod(-
h x x
y y
3' a ( <g) ;ajrKfhka by< hk úg ksrfmlaI P
P
px = π+hxρg px = π+hxρg+P
py = π+hyρg py = π+hyρg+P
jeo.;(a- fuhg wkj q u¿q mvS kh fjkia jkf
a ka øjiÓ
a ;l
s
P ki
s dh' ku;q a ndyrs mv
S k fofokdug iudkj
±fk'a
h
F1 F2
4' a (<g) ;ajrKfhka my< hk úg ksrfmalaI P Ndú;
î& ødj celal=j a A

P
F1 F2
a = A
lv= d ndyj
q u; F n,hla fhdohs kï"
h lv
= d ndyj
q u`.k
s a mv
S kh = úYd, ndyj
q u; we;j
s k wu;r mv
S kh
jeo.;(a- lv
= d ndyj
q u; we;j
s k n,fhka úYd, ndyj
q u;
úYd, n,hla we;s lr.; yel'
3
· ndyq fol wiudk uÜgïj, msysáfha kï øjiaÓ;sl W;ama,djl;d flakaøh

mSvkh ksid we;sjk n,ho ie,lsh hq;=h'
· jia;=jl Wvql=re f;rmqu ls%hd;aul jk ia:dkhhs'
Wod(- f
· fuh .s¨Kq fldgfia ueo msysgk f,i ie,fla'
a F
h øjhl .s¨Kq jia;=jl ia:dhs iu;=,s;;djh
x y A
· idudkH mÍËK k<hla n`ÿkl .s,ajd we;ehs i,luq'
Px = P y
f + hρg = F
a A
Wvql=re f;rmqu
· th jdudj¾;j uòla lerl+ úg"
øjhla ;=< .s,ajQ is,skavrhla i,luq'
U
F1 h1
h2
F4 F3
W
F2 tkï" fuh jdudj¾:j N%uKh fõ' wia:dhs h'
øjiaÓ;sl mSvkhla ksid we;sjk F1 yd F2 n,hkaf.a · th olaIsKdj¾;j uòla lerl+ úg"

iïm%hqla;h Wvql=re f;rmqu fõ'
U
F1 - h1 øj lò u.ska jia;=fõ by< mDIaGh u; we;s
lrk n,h
F2 - h2 øj lò u.ska jia;=fõ my< mDIaGh u; we;s
lrk n,h
W
F3= F4 - øjh u.ska jia;=fõ jl% mDIaGh u; we;s lrk
tkï" fuh oCIsKdj¾:j N%uKh fõ' wia:dhs h'
n,h
jeo.;a(-
jia;=jla ia:dhsùu iòyd" .=re;aj flakaøh W;ama,djl;d
\ U = F2 - F 1 flakaøhg jvd my<ska mej;sh hq;=h'
U = h2rgA - h1rgA
U
U = ( h2 - h1) rgA
= hA rg V
= Vrg
W
.=re;aj flakaøh W;ama,djl;d flakaøhg my<ska we;s úg
k,hg oCIsKdj¾; N%uKhla ÿka úg Wvql=re f;rmqu yd
k,fha nr u.ska jdudj¾; >Q¾Khla we;s lr k,h
fuh wdlsñäia kshuh fõ' g hkq iM, ;ajrKhhs' isriaj msysgjhs'
bms¨ï kshuh
wdlsñãia kshuh
....................................................................................... m
.......................................................................................
....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
hál=re f;rmqu
.......................................................................................
· ksjqgkaf.a ;=kajk kshuhg wkqj Wvql=re f;rmqï
n,hg iudk yd m%;súreoaOj my<g we;sjk n,h
fõ' tkï jia;=fjka øjh u; we;sjk n,hhs'

4
\ whsia Èhùu ksid c, uÜgu wvqjk m%udKh;a

jeo.;a (- iEfok c, mßudj ksid jeäjk m%udKh;a iudk h'
· fuh fhÈh yelafla ksoyfia .s,S mdfjk jia;=jlg ^V1 = V2& iuia: c, uÜgu fjkia fkdfõ
muKs'
· .s¨Kq mßudj g u; ròd fkdmj;S' jeo.;a(-
· fuh fhÈh yelafla msßisÿ c,fha ksoyfia .s,S
moaO;sh ;ajrKh jk úg§" mdfjk msßisÿ whsia l=Üáhla iòyd muKs'
mg = vrg · n`ÿkla ;=< ne`§ we;s whsia lene,a, Èh jk úg" md

fjk wjia:djla fkdfõ' iuia; uÜgu wvq jkafka
· ;ajrKfhka by< fyda my< hdu .s¨Kq mßudj iòyd c,fha >k;ajh jeä ksidh'
n,fkdmdhs'
øjiaÓ;sl úreoaOdNdIh
A B C
whsia lene,a, iïmQ¾Kfhkau .s,ajd we;' th Èhù

iEfok c, mßudj whsia lene,af,a mßudjg jvd wvq
neúka iuia: c, uÜgu wvq ùu isÿ fõ'
W1 W2 W3
m;=f,a j¾.M, iudk n`ÿka 03 lg tlu uÜgulg c,h · riÈh n`ÿkl we;s whsia lene,a,la Èhjk úg øj uÜgu
mqrjd we;ehs is;uq' ;rdÈhla u; ;enQ úg" jeä fõ'
W1 > W2 > W3 f,i ialkaOh wvq fõ'
kuq;a m;=, u; n,hka iudkhs tu w.h

^F& =hρg A fõ'
tkï wiudkH yevhka iys; øjhla iòyd mod¾:

m%udKh u`.ska we;slrk nr m;=, u; n,hg wiudk fõ'
fuh øjiaÓ;sl úreoaOdNdIhhs'
jeo.;a(-
· iudldr n`ÿklg fuh wod, fkdfõ'

· úreoaOdNdIhg fya;=j jkafka wdk; ì;a;s u`.ska
we;sjk n,hhs'
øjhl mdfjk whsia l=Üáhla Èhùu
Ndckhla ;=< h olajd c,h we;ehs is;uq' fuhg whsia

leghla oeuQúg kj uÜgu y hehs is;uq'
m
· c,hg jvd >k;ajh wvq øjhl whsia lene,a, mdfõ' whsia

Èhjk úg øj uÜgu wvq fõ'
øjiaÓ;sl uQ,O¾u Ndú;d jk wjia:d (-
î& U k< mÍlaIKh

îi& fyhd¾ WmlrKh
îii& øjudkh

5
;ajrKh jk øj moaO;s ¬ F = ma
ksYap, n`ÿkl øjh ;sria uÜgfï mj;S' ;ajrKh jk úg P2A - P1A = lAra
øjh wjiaÓ;sh ksid p,s; ÈYdjg úreoaO w;g tl;= fõ'
P isg Q foig hdfï§ mSvkh jeäfõ' fuys §" hrg g

wkqrEmj l a ρ fhÈh yel'
L
ksi, a a D A
H a
q
C B
-a
>kldN yeve;s fmÜáhla >k;ajh r jk øjhlska mqrjd
· wjg udOHhg jvd r wvq kï" by; wjia:dj,g úreoaO we;' fmÜáh ;sria ÈYdjg taldldr ;ajrKfhka â& hk
f,i yeisf¾' úg§ A,B,C,D ,laI j,§ we;sjk mSvkh fidhkak'
fuu wjia:dfõ øj mDIaGfha wxY=jla i,luq'
· A ,laIfha §" · B ,laIfha §,
1' ta u; n, ,l=Kq lrkak' PA = 0 hehs Wml,amkh lruq' PB = PA+ hrg
· C ,laIfha §" PC = PB+ rLa = hrg + rL a
isria iu;=,s;;djfhka · D ,laIfha §" PD = PA+ rLa = rLa
R cos θ = mg 1
mdùu iy .,
s u
S
F = ma u`.ska"
-R sin θ = m(-a) 2
(1) yd (2) ka"

lv
= d jejl fndÜ a gj
q la mdfjñka ;f s í' tys iá
s k <ufhla my; oE
c,hg úis lrh.s
(1) m,
a diá a la fnd, a hla j;r = g ±uQ úg,
jeo.;a(- u,q k
s ua fnd, a h fndÜ a gj q ;, = mj;.S U=mg
c,hg ±uQ úgo" fnd, a h mdfõ' U=mg
· fuu moaO;sj, tlu uÜgfï § mSvk iudk fkdfõ'
wji: a d fofl§au Wvl q r= e f;rmu q ji; a f
= õ nrg iudkh'
· mDIaGhg iudka;r f¾Ld j, mSvk iudk fõ' tkï" u`qM Wvl q r
= e f;rmu q È.gu kh s ;h' tkï" u`qM øj
uÜgu o" kh s ;h.
B
A (2) hlv fnda,hla j;=rg ±uQ úg,
uq,skau fnda,h fndaÜgqj ;=, mj;S. U=mg
a th c,hg ±uQ úg" .sf,a.
øjh mimq ig f.dv .eiu
S ki
s d tkï" fojeks wjia:dfõ Wvql=re f;rmqu nrg jvd
Q j, mv S kh P g jvd jeä wvq w.hls. U<mg
ùfuka øj lò FjrKhg wjYH tneúka" úia:dms; c, mßudj wvqh.
n,h iemfh'a iuia; øj uÜgu wvqfõ.
P a Q
iEu wjia:djl§u fndaÜgqfõ nr wvqjk ksid
fndaÜgqj by< hhs.
m;=f,a we;s øj ia:rhla i,luq'
l
P1 P2
A B

6
.h" 2020 wf.daia;=

n, August 2020
fN!;l
s úoHdj
Physics
nyjqrK wNHdi 07. >k;j

-3
a h 1000 kgm jQ øjhla ;,
= >k;j
a h 800 kgm jQ -3
f.d,
a hla kosyfia ., s S we;k
a ï f.d,
a fha .,
s S we;s mßud
01. my; olajd we;s rdYSkaf.a tall yd udk hk folu Nd.h iudk jkf q h"a
ksjerÈj olajd fkdue;s jrKh f;darkak'
(1) 0.8 (2) 0.4 (3)1
rdYsh tall udk
(4) 0.5 (5) 0.2
^1& >k;ajh kgm-3 ML-3
^2& mSvkh kgm-1s-2 ML-1T-2 08. my; rEmfha mßÈ øjhl mj;k
s il
a kO
a h5
^3& idfmalaI >k;ajh ke; ke; kg jQ ji;a j= l >k;ja h 500 kgm-3 la fõ' th
-3
^4& Wvql=re f;rmqu kgms-2 MLT-2 >k;j a h 1000 kgm jQ øjhla u; ., s S mdfõ
^5& hál=re f;rmqu kgm-1s-2 ML-1T-2 kï" f.d, a fha u¿
q mßudj jkf q h"a
02. øjiÓ
a ;l
s mv
S kh iïnkO
a j fhfok ml
% dYkh P = hρg (1) 5 m3 (2) 5 dm3 (3) 5 cm3
fõ' fuu ml
% dYkh fh§fï§ jeo.;a lreKq m<
s n
s òj my; (4) 10 dm3 (5) 500 cm3
ml
% dY i,ld n,kk
a '
09. wdlñ
s äia u,
Q O¾uh Ndú;d lr bá j, idfml
a I
a >k;j
a h
(a) fuy§s h hkq kosyia mDIGa fha ig s mj;k s ,ïNl ÿrh's fiùug my; ±lf a jk mdGdxl ,nd .kk a d ,§' jd;fha §
(b) a ;j
a rKhlk s a by< hk moO a ;h s la ie,l+ úg tys g bá lene,, a nr W1 o bá lene,, a g .,la .eg .id bá
fjkj q g (g+a) w.h fhÈh h; q = fõ' lene,, a jd;fh; a "a ., c,fh;a a we;s úg moO a ;fs ha oDYH nr
(c) fuu ml % dYkh fhÈh yelf a la iudldr n`ÿka j, W2 o bá lene,, a yd ., iïm¾ Q Kfhka c,fha ., s S we;s úg
mj;k s øjhkg a muK's moO a ;f s ha oDYH nr W3 o fõ' bá j, idfml a I a >k;j a h
jkf a k"a
by; ml
% dY w;f
= rka kj
s erÈ jkf
a k"a
W1 W1 W2
^1& ^2& ^3&
^1& a muK's ^2& b muK's ^3& b, c muK's W2 + W3 W2 - W3 W1 - W2
^4& a, b muK's ^5& ihs ,,
a u ^4& W ^5& 2W
1 1
W3 - W2 W2 + W3
03. >k;j
a h ρ1 yd >k;j
a h ρ2 jQ øj foll iudk il
a kO
a ñY%
lr idok ,o kj ñYK% hl >k;j a h jkf q h"a
10. nr W jk tl a dldr A,B ,S oKv a A ys § c, n`ÿklg wiõ lr
ρ1 + ρ2 2(ρ1 + ρ2) we;s wdldrh rEmfha ±lf a õ' A y§s wiõfjka oKv a u;
^1& ρ1 + ρ2 ^2& ^3&
2 ρ1 ρ2 fhfok m; % l
s hs% dj"
ρ1 + ρ2 2ρ1 ρ2 B
^4& ^5& R A
²
2ρ1 ρ2 ρ1 + ρ2 R
04. iudk mßud ñYl
% r >k;j
a ρ1 yd ρ2 jk øj follk
s a idok R R A
²
²A A
A²
²
,o ñYK
% hl kj >k;j a h jkf q h"a R A
ρ1 + ρ2 2(ρ1 + ρ2) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
^1& ρ1 + ρ2 ^2& 2 ^3&
ρ1 ρ2
ρ1 + ρ2 ρ1 ρ2 11. rEmfha ±lafjkafka c,dYhlg neò we;s fõ,a,l
^4& ^5& yril
a vl's jvd;a iÿqiq lu
= la o@
2ρ1 ρ2 ρ1 + ρ2
-3 3
05. >k;j
a h 800 kgm jQ øjhl 2 dm mßudjla .,
s S we;s >k
f.d,a hla u`.k
s a øjh u; we;s lrkq ,nk hálr
= e f;rmu
q
jkfq h"a
^1& 1600 N ^2& 16000 N ^3& 16 N

^1& ^2& ^3&
^4& 8 N ^5& 8000 N
-3
06. ksoyfia .s,S mdfjk jia;=jla 800 kgm jk øjhla ;=<
3
.s,S we;s mßudj 5 dm kï tys ialkaOh jkqfha"
^1& 40 kg ^2& 4 kg ^3& 20 kg

^4& 2 kg ^5& 8 kg ^4& ^5&

7
12. my; rEmfha olj

a d we;s mßÈ >k;j
a h ρ, 2ρ yd 3ρ jk øj 17. my; rEmfha olj
a d we;f
a ;a úúOdldr yev ork ku;
q a
;k
= la m<s f
s j,k
s a 3h, 2h yd h Wilg n`ÿklg mr
q jd we;' m;f= ,a yrila v j¾.M, iudk øj n`ÿka ly s m
s hlg iudk
m;=f,a øjiaÓ;sl mSvkh iudk jkqfha" h Wilg >k;j a h ρ jQ øjhla mr
q jd we;s wldrhh's tl
tflys m;f = ,a yrila v j¾.M,h A fõ'
^1& hρg ρ 3h
^2& 10 hρg
^3& 9 hρg 2h
2ρ
^4& 5 hρg
^5& o;a; m%udKj;a ke;' 3ρ h
13. P ys mSvkh jkqfha" ^øjfha >K;ajh = ρ&

my; m%ldY w;=frka ksjerÈ jkqfha"
(1& hρg (a) by; n`ÿka ihs ,,a f.u
a we;s c, il a kOa iudk fõ'
P
(2& Hρg (b) n`ÿka ih
s ,,
a f.ua m;, = u; øjh u`.k s a we;s lrkq
^3& (H-h)ρg H
,nk n,h iudk fõ'
h (c) m<uq n`ÿfka muKla øjh u.k s a m;,= u; we;s lrkq
^4& (H-h)ρg cosθ
^5& (H-h)ρg tanθ θ ,nk n,h hρgAfõ'
14. rEmfha ±lafjk moaO;sh ksh; g ;ajrKfhka isriaj ^1& a, b muK's ^2& b muK's ^3& a, c muK's
by<g p,kh lrk úg n`ÿfka m;=, u; we;s jk ^4& b, c muK's ^5& ihs ,,
a u
øjiaÓ;s mSvkh jkafka"
18. îlrh ;<
= we;s hlv f.d,
a h tu îlrfha my< we;s
^1& 0 h ρ fldlf
a la t,j
a kq ,efí' túg"
^2& 2.5 ρgh g
^3& 5 ρgh ^1& H yd h fjkia fkdfõ'
^4& 10 ρgh 2h 2ρ
^2& H jeä fõ' h wvq fõ' }h
^5& 15 ρgh ^3& h jeä fõ' H wvq fõ' H
^4& H iy h folu wvq fõ'
15. rEmfha mßÈ ieye,¨
a wú;kH ;k;
a j
= la iu
q g lmm
a s folla ^5& H fjkia fkdfõ' h wvq fõ'
u;ks a hjd i¾jiu A yd B øj Ndck folla iïnkO a lr
we;' A yd B Ndck foflyu s c,h mrq jd we;s w;r tj a d ;< =
i¾jiu fi,, a ï fndÜ
a gq md lr we;' fuu moO a ;h
s m< s ns òj 19. >k;j
-3
a h ρ kgm jk øjhla iy;
s ixjD; Ndckhla .r
= e;j
a h
lr we;s my; iòyka ml % dY i,ld n,kk a ' fï w;ß = ka hgf;a kosyfia weoyef,k úg A ,CIHfha mv S kh .ek
wi;H jkf a k"a (Ndck j,g c,h ±óu yd bj;a lÍ s u iÿsl< i,ld n,kk a ' ^jdhf
q .d,
a h
S mv
S kh π o jdhf
q õ mvS kh P0 o
yels w;r u, q k
s a iudk c, mßud mj;'S) fõ'& ñka i;H jkf a k"a
(1) PA = π fõ' jdhqj

(2) PA = hρg fõ'
(3) PA = P0 + hρg fõ' h { A
(4) PA = P0 fõ'
A B (5) PA = π + hρg fõ'
20. rEmfha ±lf
a jk mßÈ >k;j
a h ρ jQ øjhla mr
s jQ n`ÿkla
^1& A ys c, uÜgu jeäl< o A fndÜ a gf q õ .¨ s Kq mßudj ;r
s ig θ fldK
a hla wdk; ;,hla u; ki
s ,j ;f
s í' A yd B
fjkia fkdfõ ,CIH w;r mv S k fjki jkf
a k"a
^2& A ys c, uÜgu jeä l< úg A my<g o B by<g o
FjrKh fõ' ^1& ρgb sin θ
^3& A tl a dldr mf % õ.fhka my<g .uka lrk úg .¨ s Kq ^2& ρgb cos θ
^3& ρgb tan θ A
mßud j, fjkila iÿs fkdfõ'
^4& 2ρgb sin θ
^4& B j, c, uÜgu jeäl< úg B j, .¨ s Kq mßudj wvoq A
^5& 2ρgb tan θ B
j, .¨ s Kq mßudj jeäo fõ' b
θ
^5& A yd B ys wvx.= øj j¾. fjkia jQ úg fndÜ a gjq , .fs ,k
mßud fjkia fõ' 21. >k;j
a h ρ jQ øjHlk
s a ;kk ,o >k i,
s k
s v
a rhla c,fha .,
s j
a Q
16. jdhq nnq ¨
q fkdmj;k s mßÈ >k;j a h 1500 kgm-3 jQ f;,a úg i, s k
s v
a rfhys u¿
q Wfika 5/8 la c,h ;, = .,s S mdfõ' tu
j¾.hla mr s jQ ;k= S fmd,;
s kS a u,, a la ieye,¨ a ;k; a j
= lk s a i,s k
s v
a rhu fjk;a øjhl md l< úg u¿ q mßudfjka 7/9 la
.eg.id c, Ndckhla ;< = ., s j a d we;' 1 x 10-3 m3 mßudjla .,
s S mdfõ kï" øjfhys >k;j a h jkfq ha lu= loa@
f;,a wvx.= jkf a ka kï ;k; a f = õ wd;;h s fldmuKo@
(1) 900 kgm-3 (2) 5600/45 kgm-3
^1& 2N ^2& 10 N (3) 45000/56 kgm-3 (4) 9000/7 kgm-3
c,h (5) 5000/8 kgm-3
^3& 7N ^4& 5 N f;,a
^5& 15 N

8
22. c,fha >k;j
a h ρ fõ' th fõ,,
a lg je§ we;s whr
q e rEmfha 27. lv
= d <ufhl= iòyd lv
S% d lÍ
s ug we;s c, ;gdlhl
±lf
a õ' øjiÓ
a ;s mv
S kh ki
s d fõ,,
a u; n,h lu
= loa@ fndÜa gj
q la u; <ufhla ià s ' tu <uhd c,fha w¾Ohla ., s S
mdfjk ,S lÜ = á ;udf.a fndÜa gj
q g tl;= lr .k'S fuf,i
^1& hρg x ab Tyq ,S lÜ= á 5 la tl;= lr .kS kï wdrïN wji: a dfõ ig s
^2& hρg x hb wjidkh olj a d c, ;gdlfha we;s uÜgu m<s n
s ò lu = la új
b yelos@
^3& h ρg x ab
2
^4& h ρg x hb h a
2
^5& aρg x abv h
23. m;f
= ,ys j¾.M,hka tlf
s kl iudk jQ A, B yd C hk
Ndck ;k = la we;s w;r tj a dfha yevh rEmfha mßÈ fjh's
fïjdfha iudk uÜgulg c,h tl;= lr thg riÈh ^1& c, uÜgu wvqfõ'
ij
a ,m
a h ne.k s a Ndck ;k = gu iudk mßud tl;= l< úg ^2&c, uÜgu jeä fõ'
Ndckhkf a .a m;, = ì§ hdug we;s iïNdú;dj wjfrdy a kh ^3&c, uÜgu fjkia fkdfõ'
jk m<s f
s j, jkf q h"a ^4&øjfha fyda ,S l=Üáj, >k;ajh fkdokakd ksid
ksYaÑ;j m%ldY l< fkdyel'
^1& A, C, B ^5& ,S l=Üáj, ialkaOh wkqj wdrïNl wjia:dfõ isg
^2& C, A, B c, uÜgfï jeä jk Wi ;SrKh fõ'
^3& B, C, A
28. rEmfha ±lf
a jk mßÈ il
a kO
a h m jQ >k
^4& A, B, C f.d, a hla ;k; a j = lk
s a t,, a d øj n`ÿkl
^5& B, A, C (A) (B) (C) u¿ q ukk s ua ., s j a d ;fs í' ;k; a f
= õ Yk
+ H
24. mdIdK fldgfia >k;ajh jkqfha" fkdjk wd;;h s la ;f s í' FA yd FB hkq
m<s fs j,k s a by< w¾O f.d, a h yd my<
^1& 1.25 gcm-3 mdIdKh rys;j mdIdKh iys;j w¾O f.d, a h u; øj mv S kh ki s d
^2& 2.5 gcm-3
10cm3
9
10cm3
9 yg.kk a d n, j, úYd,;j a kï my;
8 8
tj
a dhk s a ljrla i;H jkf a koa@
^3& 25 gcm-3 7
6
7
6
^4& 1.8 gcm-3 5

4
5
4
mdIdKh (A) f.d, a fha >k;ja h øjfha >k;j a hg jvd jeäh'
^5& 2.0 gcm-3 3
2
3
2
1 1 (B) FA yd FB ys fjki jdhfq .d,
a h
S mvS kh u; ròd mj;'S
(C) FB - FA < mg
200 g 250 g
25. u k<fhys ndyq foflys tlf

s klg ñY% fkdjk x yd y øj ^1& A muK's ^2& A, B muK's ^3& A, C muK's
folla we;' x ys >k;j a h 800 kgm-3 l's y øjfha >k;j
a h ^4& B, C muK's ^5& ih
s ,,a u
-3
1000 kgm l's oeka k<h c ,CIHfhka lmd yßkq 29. wrh iudk f.d,
a folla rEmj, mßÈ tlu øjhl" w¾Ohla
,enj
q fyd;a x øj lfòys kj Wi cm j,k s "a .,
s S mj;'S A rEmfha § kosyfia mdfjk w;r B rEmfha §
we;s f.d,
a h ;k; a j
= lk
s a t,j
a d we;'
(1) 16/3
(2) 40/3 C
20 cm 16 cm
(3) 52/3 x
(4) 8/3
(5) 6/3
y
A B
(a) wji: a d folgu bm¨
s ï khs uh fhÈh yel'
26. c, nÿkla ;sria ÈYdjg taldldr ;ajrKfhka weof.k (b) wji:a d folgu wdlñ s äia kh
s uh fhÈh yel'
hk úg XY f¾Ldj Èf.a X isg Y foig uksk ÿrg (c) wji:
a d foflu a f.d, a u; fhfok Wvl q r
= e f;rmï
q
wkqrEm ,laIH j, mSvkh úp,kh jk wdldrh oelafjk iudk fõ'
m%ia:drh jkqfha"
P P
by; j.k;
a s w;ßka i;H jkf
a k"a
^1& a muK's ^2& b muK's ^3& a, b muK's

^4& b, c muKs ^5& ihs ,,
a u
Y X
X Y X Y
(1) (2) 30. mshk rys; fnf,lalhlg Bhï
uk
Q i
s i
a ï oud c,fha mdfldg we;' tys
P u¿
q nr 40g fõ' th 10 cm c,fha ., s S
P P
mdfõ kï m;f = ,a lf
a I;
a M
% ,h .Kkh
lrkk a '
Y (1) 10 cm2 (2) 4 cm2 (3) 2 cm2

X X Y X Y
(3) (4) (5) (4) 100 cm2 (5) 8 cm2

9
31. tlu >k;j

a h tfy;a fjkia yev iy;
s ieye,¨
a Ndck 3 35. rEmfha ±lf
a jk wdldrhg f,dy
a f.d,
a hla ÿii
a d%ù fkdjk
l tlu Wilg øjhla mr q jd tj a d iïmvS l ;, = djl ;nd øj n`ÿkl øj mDIGa h wdikka fha mj;h
s 's f.d,
a h kosyia l<
we;' úYd, yril a vhka n`ÿkj a , tlu fõ' ;, = d ;f
= kys úg th øj n`ÿfka m;,= g .uka lrh's
mdGdxl mA , mB , mC fõ' tla tla wji: a dfõ§ n`ÿk u`.k s a
;,
= d ;eáh u; øjh ki s d we;j s k iïmh % l
q ;a f;rmï q (A) f.d,
a h my,g jefgk úg tys
n,hka RA, RB, RC fõ' i;H jkf a k"a pd,l Yl;a h
s jeäfõ'
P
(B) f.d,
a h n`ÿfka m;, = g .uka l<
úg c, wKj q , .r
= e;ja dl¾IK
h úNj Yl; a h
s jeä fõ'
h h
(C) c, n`ÿfka we;s f.d, a h P ,lIa Hh miq lrk úg
f.d,a fha pd,l Yl; a hs c,h fkdue;s úg f.d,a hP
,lIa Hh mil q r hk úg pd,l Yl; a h
s g jvd wvq
w.hla .kh s 's
A B C (D) f.d,
a h my,g .uka lrk úg th u; lh
s% d lrk
Wvl
q r= e f;rmu
q jeäh'
^1& mA = mB = mC RA = RB = RC
^2& mA = mB = mC RA > RB = RC by; ml
% dY j,k
s a i;H jkf
a k"a
^3& mA > mB = mC RA = RC > RB
^4& mA > mC > mB RA = RC > RB ^1& A yd B ^2& B yd C ^3& B, C yd D
^5& mA > mC > mB RA > RB > RC ^4& A, B yd C ^5& A, C yd D
32. idfma l a I >k;a j h 0.5 la jk , S
lene,, a la yd idfmCaI >k;j a h 2.5 la 36. wlI
a h ir
s ia jk mßÈ tl
a dldr yril
a vla
jk .,a lene,, a la tlg iïnkO a lr we;s >k i, s k
s va rhla rEmfha mßÈ >k;j a h
;ks ji; a j
= la ;kd we;' fuu ixhl q ; a d1 yd d2 jk øj u; fldgila ., s S mdfõ' d1
ji;
a j= iïm¾ Q Kfhku a c,h ;< = mj;k s iEu úgu i, s k
s v
a rfha by< fldgila
f,i mdfõ' ,S lene,f a ,a il
a kO a h" .,a jd;fha mj;k s mßÈ øj tl;= lrkq ,efí' d2
lene,af,a ialkaOhg ork wkqmd;h my; ml % dY i,ld n,kk a '
jkfa k"a
(A) d2 >k;j a fha we;s øjh tla l< úg d1 >k;j a h we;s
^1& 1/5 ^2& 1/3 ^3& 2/3 øjfha .f s ,k Wi wvf q õ'
^4& 3/ 5 ^5& 3/4 (B) d1 >k;j a h we;s øjh tla l< úg d2 øjfha .,s S we;s Wi
fjkia fkdfõ'
33. wNHk; a rfha ly= rhla iEÿkq fmr a f.ähl ly= rfha mßudj (C) lu= k øjhla tla l<o øjhlk s a we;s flfrk Wvl q r
= e
tys ndyr s mßudfjka 4/5 l's fmra f.äh c,fha mdfjk úg f;rmu q fjkia fkdfõ'
tys mßudfjka 1/3 la c,h ;< = mj;'S fmra j, idfmCaI
>k;j a h" by; j.k;
a s w;ßka i;H jkf
a k"a
^1& 2.4 ^1& A, B muK's ^2& B, C muK's ^3& A, C muK's

^2& 1.8 ^4& ih
s ,,
a u ^5& ih
s ,,a u wi;H fõ'
^3& 1.5
^4& 1.2 37. rEmfha mßÈ fmdfrdmm
a lene,,
a la k,
Q la u.k
s a c,h mß
s
^5& 0.9 îlrhl m;, = g wEòd we;' fuu îlrh W;f a ;d,
a lhla ;< =
34. mßud iudk jQ l=Üá folla ieye,a¨ wú;kH ;ka;= mys gs d we;s ;rdÈhla u; ;nd we;' wk;r = ej W;f a ;d, a lh a
j,ska .eg .id c,fha mdùug i,iajd we;s whqre rEmfha ;j a rKfhka by< ke.u S weröh' túg ;rdÈ mdGdxlh lh s jd
±lafõ' ;ka;= foflysu wd;;s 5 N ne.ska fõ' ±ka l=Üá .kk a d ,§' ál fõ,djlg miq ;k; a j
= leã .f s hh a ' tu
fol ;ka;= j,ska .,jd A u; B ;nd tajd c,h ;=<g fudfydf;§a ;rdÈ mdGdxlhg iÿsjk fjkiù a u jkf a k"a
ksoyia lrkq ,efí' c,h ;=< tajdfha msysàu ljr ^fmdfrdmm a fha mßudj V jk w;r fmdfrdmm a fha yd c,fha
rEmfha ksjerÈj ±lafõo@
>k;j a hka d yd ρW fõ'&
B B B ^1& V(ρW-d)g
A A A ^2& VρWg-Vd(g+a)
a
(1) (2) VdρW(g+a)
^3&
(d+ρW)
B B ^4& V(ρW-d)(g+a)
A A B
^5& o;a; m%udKj;a ke;'
A
(3) (4) (5)

10
38. fuu rEmfha fmkj

a d we;f
a ;a ødj cell
a j
= l's A ,lI
a Hfhka 42. wrh 2r jQ taldldr >k is,skavrhla isriaj c,h ;=< x
új¾;kh lr we;s w;r tla fl<jrlg ir s ij a my<g 50N .eUqrla .s,s mdfõ' wrh r jQ is,skavrdldr fldgila uq,a
l n,hla fhdokq ,nh's mO % dk i,
s ks v a rfha yril a v is , s k a v rfhka bj;a lr fofl,jr újD; l= y r
j¾.M,h 40×10-3 m2 o" wfkla i, s ks v a rfha yril a v is,skavrh c,fha .s,ajQ úg th .sf,k Wi jkqfha"
j¾.M,h 1.6×10-3 m2 o fõ' ;jo A ,lI a Hfha ig s
kls f
a Im
a lhg we;s ÿr 12 cm o fõ kï" thg tiúh yels
Wmßu nr jkf q h"a 50N
A
^1& 5000 N x
^2& 7500 N 12cm 36cm
40×10 -3 m2 kslafIamlh
^3& 1500 N
^4& 2000 N 1.6×10 -3 m2 ^1& x ^2& 4x/3 ^3& 3x/4
^5& 2500 N
^4& x/3 ^5& 3x/2
39. m il
a kO
a hla t,¨
a úg A ÿkq ;rdÈh 43. rEmfha ±lf
a jk mßÈ c,h yd f;,a j¾.hla wvx.= n`ÿkl
2 kg mdGdxlhla lh s jh's ;rdÈ ;eáh c,-f;,a w;r = e uyq K
q f;a mj;k
s mßÈ whi s a >klhla mdfõ'
A whi
s a Èhjk úg c,-f;,a w;r = e uy
q K
q ; yd f;,a i:a rfha
u; øj îlrhla ;enq úg B ;rdÈh 5
by< mDIGa h m<s f
s j,k s "a
kg mdGdxlhla lh s jh's A ;rdÈfha
t,,a d we;s m ila kO a h B ;rdÈh ^1& by< hh's my< ni'S f;,a
u; we;s øj îlrh ;< = ;f s nk mßÈ ^2& my< ni'S by< hh.s
ilid we;s whr
q e rEmfha oelf a õ' c,h
^3& folu fjkila iÿs fkdfõ.
B
fï wji:
a dfõ" ^4& fkdfjkij a mj;k s w;r my< ni'S
^5& my< nik s w;r fkdfjkij a mj;'S
^1& A ;rdÈ mdGdxlh 2 kg g jvd jeä fõ'B kh s ;h's 44. ly = rhla iy; s f,dya lene,, a la c,h ;< = iïm¾
Q Kfhka ., s S
^2&B ;rdÈ mdGdxlh 5 kg g jvd wvq fõ' A kh s ;h's mdfõ' ly = rfha ;<= li s j
s la wvx.= fkdjk w;r" f,dy a fha
^3&A ;rdÈ mdGdxlh 2 kg g jvd wvq jk w;r B ys >k;j a h 2400 kgm-3 o" c,fha >k;j a h 1000 kgm-3 o fõ'
mdGdxlh 5 kg g jvd jeäfõ' ly= rfha mßudj f,dy a lene,f a ,a mßudjg ork wkm q d;h
^4&A yd B mdGdxl j, fjkila iÿs fkdfõ' jkf a k"a
^5&A ys mdGdxlh 2 kg g jvd jeäfõ' B ys mdGdxlh 5
kg g jvd wvf q õ. ^1& 5/12 ^2& 3/12
40. by; fmkj a d we;f a ;a ueÈka wiõ lr we;s ieye,¨ a ;eá ^3& 1/15 ^4& 3/18
;,= djl's wdrïNfha fuys fomi i¾jiu n`ÿka follg ^5& 7/5
iudk c, mßud oud iu;, = ;
s ;djfha ;nd we;' fojkj q 45. my; ±lf a jkf a ka whis a lene,,
a la úúO øjj, ;nd we;s
jï mik s a ;nd we;s îlrfha m;, = g k,
Q lg .eg .eiQ lv = d whr q eh' whis a lene,, a Èh jQ miq iui; a øj uÜgfï iÿsjk
rn¾ fnd, a hla iúl, úg kej; iu;, = ; s ;djh ,nd fjkiù a u kj s erÈj ±lf a jkf
a k"a
.eku S g olK = q mi we;"s
whsia whsia whsia whsia
1 rEmh 2 rEmh c,h c,h riÈh fmd,af;,a

^1& c, îlrfhka fnd, a fha mßudjg iudk c, mßudjla ^1& fjkia fkdfõ' wvqfõ' wvqfõ' jeäfõ'
bj;a lrh's ^2& wvq fõ' wvqfõ' jeäfõ' wvqfõ'
^2& c, îlrhg fnd, a fha mßudjg iudk c, mßudjla ^3& fjkia fkdfõ' wvqfõ' jeäfõ' wvqfõ'
tl;= lrh's ^4& wvq fõ' fjkia fkdfõ' wvqfõ' jeäfõ'
^3& c, îlrhg fnda,fha ialkaOhg iudk c, ^5& wvq fõ' wvqfõ' jeäfõ' wvqfõ'
il a kO a hla tl;= lrh's
^4& c, îlrfhka fnd, a fha ila kOa hg iudk c, 46. rEmfha olja d we;s c, n`ÿk ;< = c,hg
ila kO a hla bj;a lrh's jvd >k;j a h wvq jQ ji;a j
= la ;k; a j= la
^5& îlrfhys c,h fjkia l< h; q = ke;' iu;,
= ;
s wdOdrfhka m;, = g iïnkO a lr ;f s í'
;;; a j
a fhu a mj;'S my; ml% dY j,k s a i;H jkf q h"a
-3
41. >k;ajh 900 kgm jk whsia l=Üáhla ;=, ldishla we;s
úg tu whsia l=Üáh c,h ;=, uqükskau .s,S mdfõ' (A) n`ÿk by<g ;j a rKh jk úg
ldish ;kd we;s øjHfha >k;ajh 1600 kgm-3 jk úg ji;a j
= u; Wvl q r= e f;rmu
q jeä
whsia j, mßudj yd ldisfha mßudj w;r we;s wkqmd;h" fõ'
whsia
(B) n`ÿk my<g ;ajrKh jk úg ;ka;=fõ wd;;sh jeä
^1& 6 fõ'
^2& 5 (C) n`ÿfka ;ajrKh fyda ukaokh u; jia;=j u;
c,h Wvql=re f;rmqu ròd fkdmj;S'
^3& 4 ldish
^4& 3 (1) A muKs' (2) B muKs' (3) C muKs'
^5& 2 (4) A yd B muKs' (5) B yd C muKs'

11
47. <`solk s a c,h ,nd .kk a d rEmhla fuys ±lf a õ' tys nd,Èafha 50. rEmfha olj a d we;s yevhla iy; s hlvj,k s a ;ekQ >k
wrh tl a dldrj wvj q hk mßÈ we;' nd,Èahg iïnkO a ji; a j
= la i, s l s va rdldr gexlh s la ;< = m;, = f;;a fkdjk
;k; a f= õ wd;;h s T kï u¿ q p,; s h mr q djgu kh s ; mßÈ ;nd we;' bkm a iq gexlh
s g j;r = j;a lrk ,§' my;
;j a rKhla mj;j a d .eku S iòyd mej;h s h;q = wd;;s n,h T olja d we;s mi % ;a dr w;ß= ka c, m;, = u.k s a ji;
a j
= u; we;s
ld,h iu`. úp,kh ùu ±lf a jkf
q h"a ^mDIÀa l wd;;s n, lrk m; % l
s hs% dj R c, lfòa Wi x iu`. úp,kh kj s erÈj
yd ÿii a d%ù n, fkdi<lkk a '& fmkk a ï
q lrhos@
T T T R R
(1) (2)
x h1 h2 h3
t t h1 h2 h3
X
h1 h2 h3
X
R (1) (2)
T R T R R
(3) (4) (5)
X
t t t h1 h2 h3 h1 h2 h3
X
h1 h2 h3
X
(3) (4) (5)

48. rEmfha ±lafjk c, n`ÿfka my< lrdufhka c,h ksh;
51. ,S j,k
s a ;ekQ >k w¾O f.d,
a dldr ji;
a j
= la by<k
s a
iS>%;djfhka bj;a ùug i,iajk ,§' ld,h t iu`. m;=, f;rmf S uka hdk; a ñka øjhl ., s j
a d we;s wji:a djla rEmfha
u; øjiaÓ;sl mSvkh ksjerÈj ksrEmKh lrk m%ia:drh ±lf a õ' F1 yd F2 hkq m< s f
s j,k
s a jl% mDIGa h yd ;, mDIG a h u;
f;darkak' lh
s% d lrk øjiÓ a ;s mv
S k n, kï F1/F2 ys w.h jkf a k"a
P P
(1) 1/2
(2) 1/3
(3) 2/3
t t (4) 3/4
(1) (2) (5) 2/5
P P P 52. ¨Kq c,fha >k;j a h 1100 kgm-3 fõ'900 kgm-3 >k;j a hla
we;s mßudj 99 cm3jk whi s a lene,,a la ¨Kq c,hg oeuúQ g
¨Kq c, uÜgu X fõ' whi s a u¿
q ukks ua ÈhjQ úg c, uÜgu
Yfõ' X yd Y iudk jkf a k"a
t t t
(3) (4) (5) X
^1& 681 cm3 , 689 cm3
600 cm3
49. msßisÿ whsia lene,a,la c,h ;=< ksoyfia mdfjñka mj;S' ^2& 699 cm3 , 681 cm3
whsiaj, >K;ajh 900 kgm-3 fõ' my; wjia:djka j,§ ^3& 699 cm3 , 699 cm3
whsia Èhjk úg ld,h iu`. n`ÿfka c, uÜgfï fjkia ^4& 681 cm3 , 672 cm3 ¨Kq
ùu ksjerÈj ±lafjk m%ia:drh jkqfha" ^5& 681 cm3 , 699 cm3 c,h
(A) whsia muKla mj;sk úg"

(B) whsia lene,a, ;=< f,day ldishla o mj;sk úg"
(C) whsia lene,a, ;=< jd; l=yrhla mj;sk úg" 53. uq¿ mßudj V yd ialkaOh M jk l=yrhla iys; jia;=jla
c, uÜgu c, uÜgu >k;ajh d jk øjhl 10 V mßudjla ;=< w¾Oj .s,S
iu;=,s;j mj;S' ±ka jia;=fõ mDIaGj, jdhq nqnq¿
fkd/fok fia øjh ;=, mßudj V0 jQ jdhq nqnq¿ nqnq,kh
c lf,a kï jia;=j m;=, iu`. iam¾Yhla weröug nqnq,kh
a,b,c a l< hq;= wju jdhq nqnq¿ .Kk n iudk jkqfha"
2
b
^1& n < 10V d - 10V 10V2d - 10V
^2& n >
MV0 V0 MV0 V0
^1& ld,h ^2& ld,h
c, uÜgu c, uÜgu 10V2d - 10V 10V2d 10V
^3& n = ^4& n = +
MV0 V0 00.
MV0 V0
^5& .Kkhg o;a; m%udKj;a fkdfõ'
a a,c
b 54. mßudj V jQ ixjD; ner,hla wlI
a h ;r
s ia jk fia >k;j
a h
b,c r jQ c,fha .,s ja Q úg tys mßudfjka ^V& "1/4 la .,s S mdfõ'
tlfs klg iudk fujeks ner,a ly s m
s hla fhdodf.k
rEmfha we;s mßÈ mdfjk tl a dldr md,ula iE§ug wjYHj
^3& ld,h ^4& ld,h
we;' md,fï il a kO a h M kï ner,ja , mßudfjka wvla ., s S
^5& by; lsisjla fkdfõ' mdfjk f,i fhdod.; yels ner,a ixLHdj ^n& jkf q h"a

12
59. >k;ajh r1 yd r2 jQ (r2 >r1) jQ ñY% fkdjk øj folla

îlrhl ;nd we;. >k;ajh r jQ øjHfhka ieos f.da,hla
fuu øj ;=, uq¿ukskau .s,S bmsf,kqfha tyss mßudfjka
3$4 la îlrfha my<ska ;sfnk øjh ;=, .s,S ;sfnk
f,ih. r ys w.h fokq ,nkafka my; iòyka ljr
2Mg 4M 4Mg m%ldYfhka o @
(1) (2) (3)
rV rV rV r1 + r2
^1& r1 r2 ^2& 2
rVg 2M r - r2 r + 3r
(4) M (5) ^3& 1 ^4& 1 4 2
rV 2
55. § we;s moaO;sh i,ld n,kak'moaO;sh iu;=,s;;djfha 3r1 + r2
^5&
mj;S kï" my; m%ldY w;=frka øjhkays >k;aj 4
wkqms<sfj, ksjerÈj fokq ,nkafka"
^1& ρ3< ρ4< ρ2<ρ1 ρ3 ρ1 60. rEmfha olajd we;af;a yrialv taldldr jQ is,skavrhla
^2& ρ3< ρ1< ρ4<ρ2
>k;ajh r yd 2r jQ øj folla ;=< .s<S bmsf,k
^3& ρ2< ρ1< ρ3<ρ4
ρ4 ρ2 wdldrhhs' iu;=,s; msysgqu rEmfha ±lafõ' is,skavrh u;
^4& ρ1< ρ3< ρ4<ρ2
m ialkaOhla ;enQ úg th 0.1 l .s¨Ks' is,skavrfha
^5& o;a; m%udKj;a fkdfõ'
ialkaOh jkafka"
56. c,h iys; Ndckhla ÿkq ;rdÈhlska l
t,ajd we;s w;r túg ;rdÈ mdGdxlh ^1& 15 mg
10 kg f,i fmkajhs' ialkaOh 7.2 kg ^2& 30 mg l
jQ hlv l=Üáhla ;ka;=jl .eg .id ^3& 20 mg
tys mßudfjka yß wvla muKla l
^4& 25 mg
Ndckfha jQ c,fha .s,ajkq ,nkafka ^5& 10 mg
kï túg ÿkq ;rdÈ mdGdxlh jkqfha"
^hlvj, idfmalaI >k;ajh 7.2 fõ'& 61. rEmfha olj
a d we;s mßÈ me;;
a l È. 4r jQ >klhl yeve;s
tl
a dldr øjHhlk s a ;kk ,o ji; a j
= la >K;j a h ρ jQ øjhla
(1) 10 kg (2) 10.5 kg (3) 12 kg ;<= x ÿrla ., s S mdfõ' ±ka >Klfha ;r s ia mDIG a hl yßueo
(4) 13.6kg (5) 17.2 kg flk a øah fldg.;a wrh r jQ jD;; a dldr yril a vla ork 2r
Wie;s ir s ia i,s k
s va rdldr fldgila >klfhka lmd bj;a
57. rEmfha mßÈ f,day oKavla x ,CIHfhka wiõ lr lf,a kï" ±ka b;r = e fldgi .f
s ,k Wi jkf q h"a (π = 3)
we;af;a ksoyiaj N%uKh úh yels mßÈ h' oKav c,fha
.s,a jQ miqj by; mßÈ iu;=,s;j mj;S' f,dayfha 32x
idfmaCI >K;ajh 5/9 fõ kï" oKafâ uq¿ Èf.ka l=uk ^1& ^2& 29 x 4r
29 32
fldgila c,fhka by< mj;S o@
x ^3& 29 x ^4& 16 x
2 16 29
^1& 1 ^2& 3 x
4 29x
^5&
^3& 1 ^4& 3 8
3 4
^5& 1 62. me;;a l È. a jQ ,S >klhla >k;j a h r jQ c,fha mdfõ' tys
2
my< mDIG a h n`ÿfka m;, = g iunkO a l< ieye,¨ a ÿkq
58. fuys olajd we;s k, moaO;sfha" B, C yd D øjhkaf.a khs ;h K jQ ÿkk a la kosyia fl<jf¾ hk; a ñka ima ¾Y fõ'
>k;aj ms<sfj,ska rB, rC yd rD kï isrj we;s A jdhqfõ W il a kO
a hla th u; ;enj Q g th iïm¾ Q Kfhku a c,fha
mSvkh jkqfha" ^jd'f.da'mS' = p& mDIaÀl wd;;s ixisoaê .f
s ,'a W jkf q h"a
fkdi,ld yßkak'
a/2 W
A a/2
B h1 a
h3
C
h2 C
(1) a(a2rg+K) (2) a(arg+2K) (3) a((arg/2)+K)

D (4) a(arg+K/2) (5) a(a2rg+2K)
l
^1& rCh1g + rCh3g + rB(h1 - h3)g 63. >k;ajh ρ1 yd ρ2 jk øj folla my; rEmfha yeve;s
^2& rCh1g + rDlg + rCh3g + rB(h1 - h2)g Ndckhl mj;S' fomi ;, follg iudk úIalïNh we;s
^3& rC(h1 - h3)g + rB(h3 - h1)g + p w¾O jD;a;dldr ;, fldgila uOHfha ±lafõ' X ,CIHfha
^4& rC(h1 - h3)g + rB(h1 - h3)g + p § øj ñY% fkdjk w;r iu;=,s; wjia:dfõ§ w¾O
^5& rC(h1 - h3)g + rDlg + rB(h1 - h2)g + p jD;a;dldr ;, fldgfia wrh (R) úh yelafla"

13
(h1ρ1+h2ρ2) 67. m;,
= me;;
a l È. R jQ iup;r
= il
% dr >kldNhlk
s a m;f
= ,a
^1& wrh R jQ w¾O f.d, a dldr fldgila bj;a fldg we;' b;ß s
ρ1 X ρ2 ρ1+ρ2
fldgfia mßudj V fõ' il a kO a h M fõ' th rEmfha
h1 h2
(h1ρ1-h2ρ2) oelf
a jk mßÈ wú;kH ;k; a j
= lk s a øj uÜgfï ig s h
} }
^2& .eUrq lk
s a ;r
s ija t,j a d we;' øjfha >k;j a h r kï
ρ1+ρ2
>kldNfha ly = r m;,= u; øjh u.k s a we;s jk n,h"
(h2ρ2-h1ρ1) (h1ρ1-h2ρ2) (h1ρ1-h2ρ2)
^3& ^4& ^5& ^1& 4R2(h + R)rg
ρ1+ρ2 ρ1-ρ2 ρ2-ρ1
^2& Mg – Vrg h
64. tl
a dldr >klhla jd;fha § 5N l nrla o >k;j
a h ^3& 2R2(h + R)rg 2R
800kgm-3 jQ f;,a j¾.hla ;<
= 2N oDYH nrla o fmkj
a h's ^4& rg (V - pR2h )
800kgm-3 yd 1600kgm-3 >k;j a iy;s wñY% øj folla
fhdod we;s n`ÿkla ;<
= fuu >klh kosyia lrk ,of a oa ^5& Mg + Vrg
kï"
68. rEmfha mßÈ iu
q gj új¾;kh fldg we;s lmm
a s folla u;k
s a
;k;a j = la hjd tys fofl<jr il a kOa h m jQ i¾jiu il a kO a
folla t,j a d ;k; a f
= õ uOHfhka (E ,CIfhk)a >k;j a h
5N 2N fkdokk a d øjhlk s a ;kk ,o il a kOa hla t,j a d moOa ;hs
iu;, = ;s ùug bv yer we;' ^01 rEmfha mßÈ& túg DEF
fldK a h = 600 l's ±ka >k;j a h fkdokk a d B Ndrh c,
îlrhla ;< = .,s j
a kq ,efí' ^02 rEmfha mßÈ& túg DEF
800kgm-3 fldKa h = 900 fõ kï" f,dy a fhys idfmCaI >k;j a h lu= loa@
-3
800kgm (1) (2)
1600kgm-3
D F D F
-3 900
^1& >klh >k;j a h 800kgm øjh ;< = muKla ., s S bmfs ,'a
^2& >klh >k;j a h 1600kgm-3 øjh ;< = muKla ., s S bmfs ,'a 20cm 600 20cm 15cm 15cm
^3& >klh tys mßudfjka 2/5 la >k;j a h jQ 1600kgm-3 jQ E E
øjh ;< = mj;k s fia .,s S bmfs ,'a
^4& >klh tys mßudfjka 1/3 la >k;j a h jQ 1600kgm-3 jQ A B C A B C
øjh ;< = mj;k s fia .,s S bmfs ,'a
^5& >klh tys mßudfjka 2/3 la >k;j a h jQ 1600kgm-3 jQ 3 5 3
øjh ;< = mj;k s fia .,s S bmfs ,'a (1) 1 (2) (3)
3- 2 4 3- 2 2
65. rEmfha olj a d we;s mßÈ ,S f.d, a hla ;k; a j
= la wdOdrfhka
c,h mÍ s we;s úYd, îlrhl m;, = l .eg.id we;' f,dy a 2 2 4 3
lene,, a la wvx.= ;j;a îlrhla c,h u; mdfõ' ,S (4) (5)
lene,f a ,a >k;j a h c,fha >K;j a hg jvd wvq w;r f,dy a 2 2- 2 4 3- 3 2
lene,f a ,a >k;j a h c,fha >k;j a hg jvd jeäh' h yd H
m<s n
s ò iÿslr we;s my; ml % dY i,ld n,kk a ' 69. wv jYfhka c,h mr
s jQ ;k
= S ì;;
a s iy;
s i,
s k
s v
a rdldr
Ndckhla jejl mdfjñka mj;'S ld,h t = 0 § Ndckh ;, =
(A) ;k;a j= lemQ úg H wvq fõ' we;s c,hg kh s ; i>S ;% djfhka ¨Kq lv = q tl;= lÍ s u wrUh's
(B) ;k;
a j= lemQ úg h jeä fõ' ld,h t1 jk úg c,h ¨Kq j,k s a ix;Dm; a jk w;r ;jÿrg;a
(C) hlv lene,, a c,hg ±uQ úg h jeä fõ' ¨Kq lv = q tl;= lÍ s u iÿs lrh's Ndckh ;, = yd bka mg s ; c,
(D) hlv lene,, a c,hg ±uQ úg H wvq fõ' uÜgïj, Wfiys fjki h1 o mg s ; c, uÜgu iy Ndckfhys
lfgys Wi w;r fjki h2 o kï Ndckh iïm¾ Q Kfhku a
ñka kj s erÈ jkf
a k"a .f
s ,k ;r = e ld,h (t) iu`. h1 "h2 ys úp,kh jvd;a fyd`Èka
h
(1) B muK's kr s EmKh lrkq ,nkf a k"a ^¨Kq lv= q tl;= lÍ s u kis d Ndckh
(2) A,B muK's ;,= we;s c, uÜgul úp,kh fkdi,ld yßkk a '&
H
(3) B ,C muK's
(4) C,D muK's h1,h2 h1,h2
h2
(5) A,C,D muK's h2
h2 h1 h1
h1
66. Wi H yd wrh H/2 jQ >k fl;
a j
= la rEmfha ±lf
a jk mßÈ
tys Y¾S Ih kosyia c, mDIG
a fhys mj;k s fia ;k; a j
= lk
s a
t,,a d >k;j a h ρ jk c,fha .,s j
a d ;fs í' fl; a f
= õ jl% t t
mDIGa h u; øjfhka muKla fhfok n,h jkf a k"a t1 t1
^1& ^2&
[wrh r yd Wi h jk fla;=jl mßudj 1 πr h ]
2
h1,h2 h1,h2 h1,h2
3 h2 h2
^1& 1 πH ρg ^2& 1 πH ρg
3 3
h2
2 3
h1 h1
^3& 1 πH ρg
3
^4& 1 πH3 ρg h1
4 5 H
t t t
^5& 1 πH ρg
3 t1 t1 t1
6 H/2 ^3& ^4& ^5&
14
rpkd wNHdi 74. rEmfha ±lf

a jk mßÈ il
a kO
a h m jk
>klhla il a kO a h M (M>m) jQ c,
70. my; øj n`ÿk i,lkak' jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh π yd øjfha îlrhla ;, = ., s ja ñka hh's c, îlrh ;eá
Wi h kï my; m%ia:dr w`Èkak' ;rdÈhla u; ;nd we;s w;r >klh ÿkq
;rdÈhl t,, a d we;' ^c,fha >k;j a h ρ
fõ'&>klfha me;a ; l yria l vl
j¾.M,h A yd me;; a l È. l fõ' my; m
wji:a d j, ÿkq ;rdÈfha yd ;eá ;rdÈfha
h mdGdxl iòyd ml % dYk ,h s kka '
(i) >klh .,s S fkdue;s úg

A (ii) >klfha x Wila øjh ;< = .¨ s Kq úg'
(iii) >klh l Wila øjh ;< = .¨ s Kq úg
(i) h iu`. A ,CIHfha øjiaÓ;sl mSvkh (iv) >klh îlrh m;f = ,a .egK q q úg
(ii) h iu`. A ,laIHfha uq¿ mSvkh
by; m%ia;drfhau kej;;a øj n`ÿk iò u;g f.k by; lhs% dj,h
s wdrïNfha ig s wjidkh olja d ld,h iu`.
f.dia ;enQ úg iy .=re;ajh hgf;a jefgk úg hk ÿkq ;rdÈ yd ;eá ;rdÈ mdGdxl fmkk a ï
q lrk mi % :
a dr
wjia:djka iòydo m%ia;dr weò olajkak' igykla tlu mi % ;
a drhl w`Èkka '
3 3
71. my; rEmfha olj
a d we;s mi
s g
a k moO
a ;f
s ha lv
= d mi
s g
a kfha 75. c,h 200 cm mßudjl"a fu;fkd,
a a 100 cm mßudjla
yril
a v j¾.M,h úYd, mi
s g
a kfha yril
a v j¾.M,h iu`. ñY% lrk ,§' ñYK % fha tla tla øjfha il a kO
a h
fuka 1$10 .K
= hl's fidhkk a ' ñYK% fha idudkH >k;j a h fldmuKo@ c,fha
yd fu;fkd, a a ys >k;ja m<s f s a 1000 kgm-3 yd 800
s j,k
-3
kgm fõ'
B A 76. yi
s a >k;j a lm
= ma hs l il a kO a h 20.1g fõ' fuh
iïm¾ Q Kfhku a fu;fkd, a a j,k s a mr s jQ úg il a kOa h 44.1g
úh' th u¿ q ukk s ua c,fhka mr q jd il a kO a h lrs E úg th
50.1 g úh' fu;fkd, a a yS idfml a I a >k;j a h fidhkk a '
mi
s g
a k moO a ;h
s g c,h fhdod A y§s 50 N n,hla ,ndÿks kï
B mi s g
a kh u; we;j s k n,h fldmuKo @ c,h CIKl s j
77. ;k;
a j
= lk
s a t,,
a d we;s il
a kO
a h 180 g jk >k ji;
a j
= la
whi s a njg m;j a f
q ha kï B y§S we;j s k kj n,h
fldmuKo@ ;kd we;f a h 800 kgm-3 jk f,dy
a ;a >k;j a hlks 's ;k;
a f
= õ
wd;;h
s fldmuKo@ jd;fha >k;j a h 1.2 kgm-3 fõ'
72. my; rEmfha olj
a d we;f
a ;a c,h u; mdfjñka Èhfjk
whi
s a leghla ;<
= f,dy
a ldih
s la ròjd we;s wdldrhh's
78. >klhla jd;fh§a 237.5 g il
a kO
a hla fmkj
a h's >k;j
a h
0.9 gcm-3 jk øjhl th u¿ q ukks u
a .,s ja Q úg tys il
a kO
a h
ice
12.5 g fõ' >klh ;kd we;s øjHfha >k;j a h fidhkk a '
>klh tys mßudfjka 1/ 5 la øj mDIG a fhka by< mj;k s
f,i bmf s ,kfq ha ljr >k;ja hla we;s øjhla ;< = o@
h ldish
79. >klu 1 m jk whi

s a lÜ
= áhla c,h u; mdfõ' 75 kg
il
a kOa hla we;s ñkf s ilg = whis a lÜ = áh u; ià s ug
whi
s a lene,, a Èhfjk úg n`ÿfka øj uÜgu h fjkia jk lÜ= áhg mej;hs h; q = wju j¾.M,h fidhkk a ' whi
s a yd
wdldrh ±lf a jk mi% :
a drhla w`Èkk
a '
c,fha >k;j a m<
s f
s j,k s a 990 kgm-3 yd 1000 kgm-3 fõ'
ldih
s f,dya fkdù m,
a diá
a la jf
Q ha kï by; mi
% :
a drhu
kej; w`Èkka ' 80. 6 cm úIl
a ïNhla iy;
s i,
s k
s v
a rdldr ,S fldghl Wi 5 cm
73. rEmfha olj
a d we;f
a ;a my
s k
s ï
q ;gdlhl fndÜ
a gj
q la ;<
= fõ' wvla c,fhka mÍ s we;s úIl a ïNh 10 cm jQ Wi
iá
s k <ufhla iy il a kO
a h iy mßudj fkd.K s h
s yels i,
s k
s v
a rdldr Ndckhl ,S fldgi ir s ia f,i md lrkq
;rï lv
= d fmd,;
s k
S a nE.hl oud we;s M ji;
a j
= l's ,efí' ,S j, úYI
s G
a .r
= e;j
a h 0.6 kï Ndckfha c, uÜgu
kef.k Wio" c, uÜgñka by<g we;s ,S fldgfia Wi o
fidhkk a '
M }h 81. WKi
q ï
q jd;h iy;
s ne¨khla ;k;
a j
= la
H u.ks a fmd<jg iïnkO a lr we;'
ne¨kfha il a kO a h 400 kg jk w;r tys
<uhd ±ka M ji;
a j
= c,hg ouh's my; wji: a djka y§s h yd H mßudj 1200 m3 fõ' ne¨kh ;, = jQ
fjkia jk wdldrh .K= d;u
a lj myokk a ' jd;fha >k;j a h 0.8 kgm-3 o" mg s ;
jd;fha >k;j a h 1.3 kgm-3 o fõ'
(i) M ji; a j = f,dya f.d, a hla kï ;k; a f
= õ wd;;h s .Kkh lrkk a ' ;k;a j
= lmd yeßh úg
(ii) M ji; a j = m,a diáa la fnd;a ,hla kï ne¨kh by<g tifjk ;j a rKh fldmuKo@
(iii) M ji;
a j = c,fhka mß s fmd,;s k
S a nE.hla kï

15
82. me;;
a la 10 cm jk >klhla ;kd we;f
a ;a >k;j
a h 500 87. rEmfha ±lafjk wdldrhg
kgm-3 jk ,S úfYI a hlk s 's fuu >klh c,fha mdfjñka tl
a dldr oKv a l tla fl<jrla
mj;'S c,fha >k;j a h 1000 kgm-3 fõ' >k;ja h 800 kgm-3 Ndckhl ì;; a h s g wiõ fldg
jk f;,a úfYI a hla ±ka c,h u;g j;a lrkq ,nkf a ka we;s w;r wfkla fl<jr c,fha
f;f,ys u;m = g
s mDIG a h" >klfha mDIG a hg 4 cm my<k s a .,s j
a d we;' oKv a g wiõfõ ;r s ia
mj;ks f,ih's f;,a i: a rfha >klu fldmuKo@ ,S wCIh jgd kosyfia Nu % Kh úh
>klfha my< mDIG a h u; øj mv S kh .Kkh lrkk a ' yel' iu;, = ;
s wji: a dfõ§
oKf a vka yß wvla c,fha ., s S we;' oKv
a ;kd we;s øjHfha
2 idfmCaI >k;j a h fidhkk a '
83. yril
a v j¾.M,h 3 cm yd Wi 8 cm jk i,
s k
s v
a rdldr ,S
fldghla c,fha mdfõ' ,S j, úYI s g
a .r= e;j
a h 0.625 l's 88. øjudkhl lfòys fofl<jr >k;j
a lh
s ùï 1 gcm yd -3
i,s k
s v
a rh hk; a ñka jefik f;la c,h u;m = gs g úYIs g
a -3
1.25 gcm fõ' øjudkfha n,n a fha mßudj tys lfòa mßudj
.r
= e;j a h 0.6 la jQ f;,a j;l a rk ,o kï i, s ks va rh c, fuka iõs .K
= hla nj fmkj a kk a ' øjudkh >k;j a h 1.20
uÜgñka by<g u;j = k mu
% dKh fidhkk a ' gcm-3 jk øjhla ;, = mj;k s úg tys lfòa mßudfjka
84. (a) (i) wdlñ s äia u, Q O¾uh ,h s kk
a ' fldmuK m; % Y
s ;hla øjfha ., s S mj;oS@
(ii) >k;j a h ρ jQ øjhl h .eUß q ka mys ás ,CIHhl 3 -3
89. mßudj 800 cm o >k;j
a h 660 kgm
øjh ki s d we;j s k mv
S kh iòyd ml % dYkhla ,nd -3
.kk a ' jQ o ,S fldghla >k;j a h 1100 kgm
jQ øjhl iïm¾ Q Kfhku a .,s ja d
(b) øj îlrhl ,S lÜ = áhla md fjñka we;' fuu moO a ;h
s
we;f a ;a Ndckfha m;, = g yd ,S
(a<g) ;j a rKhlk s a ir
s ija my<g f.khk úg ,S fldghg .eg .id we;s ;k; a j= lk
s 's
lÜ= áh ., s S we;s Wi fjkia fõo@ m< s ;s r= meyeÈ,s ;k; a f
= õ wd;;h
s fidhkk a ' ál fõ,djl§ ;k;
a j= leã
lrkk a ' hh's túg øjh ;, = ,S lÜ= áh fldmuK FjrKhlk s a .uka
lrhos@
(c) jd;fha § il a kO a h 1 kg jk >k;j a h 4000 kgm-3 jk
f,dya lÜ = áhla rEmfha mßÈ W;f a ;d,a lhl t,,a d we;s 90. fudg
a ¾ r:hl u¿
q il
a kO
a h 18000 kg o u.k
S a .uka .kk
a d
ÿkq ;rdÈhlk s a t,j a d f,dy
a lÜ
= áh c, îlrhl ., s j
a d
tu c, îlrh ;, = djla u; ;nd we;' c, îlrfha fldgfia mßudj 0.5 m3 o bÈrm s i frdoa we;¨
= fldgia j,
il
a kO a h 4 kg fõ' mßudj 0.8m3 o mim
q i frdoa we;¨= fldgfia mßudj 0.75 m3 o
fõ' fuu r:h nEju q l k;r lr ;ì s h§ tys w;a ;ßs x.
(1) ÿkq ;rdÈfha mdGdxlh lu
= loa@ ÿkq flna ,h leã th irS efjka p,kh ù f.dia jejlg jefÜ'
;rdÈh
(2) ;,
= dfõ mdGdxlh lu
= loa@ (I) u.kS a bkka d fldgig c,h ldkÿa fkdfõ kï r:fha
-2 fldmuK mßudjla c,h ;< = .,s S mj;k
s mßÈ th
a ;d,
(3)W;f a lh 2ms ;ja rKfhka
by<g .uka lrhs kï túg ÿkq mdfõo@
;rdÈfha mdGdxlh lu= loa@ (ii) ±ka tys u.k S a bkk a d fldgig fifuka c,h ldkÿa
;,
= dj fõ' fudg a ¾ r:h u¿ q ukk s u
a c,h ;< = .,
s S mdfjk
(4) túg ;,
= dfõ mdGdxlh lu
= la o@ mßÈ th mdfõo@
(iii) by; fldgig m< s ;s r= e iemhfS ï§ iÿsl< Wml,m a kh
iòyka lrkk a '
85. mdohla 10 cm jk ,S >klhla c,fha mdfjkf
a k"a c,
mDIG
a hg by<k s a 4 cm Wie;s fldgila mj;k s mßÈ fõ' 0.75 m3 5.00 m3 0.8 m3
c,fha >k;j a h 1000 kgm-3 fõ kï" ,S j, >k;j a h
fidhkk a ' ±ka ,S >klfha by< mDIG a h c, mDIG a hg
meñfKk mßÈ >klhg by<k s a f,dya lÜ = áhla ;nkq
,efí' tys mßudj .Kkh lrkk a ' f,dy
a lÜ = áh >klhg
my<k s a iïnkO a lf,a kï" tys mßudj fldmuK fõo@
f,dya fha >k;j a h 5000 kgm-3 fõ'
-3
86. >k;j
a h 850 kgm jk m,
a diá
a la øjHlk
s a ;ekQ 20 cm Wi
i,
s k
s v
a rhl wCIh Èf.a 1 cm wrhla we;s tl a dldr iÿsrla
(iv) r:h iïm¾
Q Kfhku a jefõ ., s S m;f
= ,a k;r ù mj;k
s
lmd we;' fuu i, s k
s v
a rh >k;j a h 1000 kgm-3 jk c,fha fudfydf;a r:h u; Wvl
q r
= e f;rmu q fldmuKo@
tys wCIh ir s ij
a mj;k s fia mdfõ' c,h ;, = jQ i,
s k
s v
a r
fldgfia Wi fidhkk a '
(v) r:h jefjka f.dvg .eku
S mK
s i
s Bg fhÈh h;
q = wju
>k;j a h 800 kgm-3 jk f;,a úfYI a hl"a ih
s ï
q f,i iÿsrg ir
s ia n,h fldmuKo@
j;a l<fyd;a uÿqk f;la iÿsr mr s ùug wjYH f;,a mßudj
fidhkk a '
91. (a)rEmfha ±lafjkafka .`.la yriafldg bÈl<
;m
%s i
S h
s udldr yril
a vla iy;
s fõ,,
a la iy c,dYhl's
20 cm
fõ,a, uqÿfka m<, = 3m
mdofï m<, = 8m
h
fõ,af,a Wi = 30 m
fldkal%SÜ j, nr = 24 kN m-3

16
3m
92. Wi 30cm jQ yril
a v iDcf
q ldK
a did%ldr tl
a dldr whi
s a
È. lÜ
= áhla c,fha mdfõ' ^whi
s j a h = 900 kgm-3 f,i
a , >k;j
Wml,ma kh lrkk a '&
30m
3cm 01' a. whi s a lÜ= áfha fldmuK Wi mu % dKhla c,fha ., s S
{{
P
H H W mj;oS" ^c,fha >k;j a h = 1000 kgm-3)
3 b. by; m< s ;s r
= ,nd .eku S g Tn Wmfhd. a S lr.;a
H
M khs uh ;u = loa@
c. whi
s a lÜ= áh fkd., s S iu;, = ;s j mej;u
S g iemßh h;q =
8m wjYH;d iòyka lrkk a '
(i) fldkl a ÜS% fõ,f a ,a tl
a l È.la u; øjiÓ a ;s
mv
S kfhka we;j
2
s k n,h P = H2ω nj fmkj a kka ' 02. a. ±ka whi

s a lÜ
= áh u;g il a kOa h 300kg jk yu s
(H = ;r s ia c, uÜgfï ig s .eUrq " ω = fõ,fa ,a tl
a l j,fila f.dv fõ' tu yu s j,idg wdmodjla
È.la u; mv S kh& fkdùug whi s a lÜ
= áhg mej;h
s h; q = wju yril
a v
j¾.M,h fidhkk a '
(ii) H = 16 m, ω = 10 x 103 Pam-1 o kï P ys w.h kNm-1
j,ks a fidhkk a ' b' by; whi s a lÜ
= áh i;= ñkï q u iy; s fjk;a whi s a
(iii) fldkl
a Ü
S% fõ,f a l È.l nr WkNm-1 j,k
a ,a tl s a l=Üáhlao" c,fha mdfõ' fuu whsia l=Üáh
fidhkk a ' wNHk; a rfha yi s a ly
= rhla mj;'S fuu whi
s a lÜ
= áh
u;g yu s j,idg wdmodjlk s a f;drj f.dvúh
(iv)fõ,f a ,a tl a l È.la u; P yd W u.k s a we;j s k yelos@ Tfí m< s ;s r
= myokka '
iïmh % lq ;a f;rmï q n,fha (R) ys úYd,;j
a h yd ÈYdj
fidhkk a ' 03. whi s a lÜ = áfha yrila v j¾.M,h 10m2 fõ kï th
^P n,h yd W n,h mdofï ig s H/3 Wik s a we;s G u¿q ukk s ua .,s ù
a ug whi s a lÜ
= áfha m;<= g iïnkO a
,lIa H Tif a ia lh
s% d lrh's & l< h; q = idfmCaI >k;j a h 2.0 jQ tla dldr >k f,dy
a
lÜ = áhl mßudj .Kkh lrkk a '
(v) rEm igykl mg
s m;a lr P, W yd R n, ,lK= q lr R
n,h mdou lmk ,lI a Hhg M igs ÿr fidhkk a ' 04' fuu f,dya lÜ= áh ieye,ä ;k;
a j
= lk
s a whi
s a lÜ
= áfha
m;,
= g wEokq ,nfq õ kï"
(b) c,dYfha wju lh s% d;ua l uÜgu 1190 m msl jk w;r
u¿
q Odß;d iemhï q c, uÜgu 1194 m msl fõ' ^msl a' ;k;
a f
= õ wd;;h
s fidhkk
a ' ^c,h kY
s p
a , fõ'&
hkq uyq ÿq uÜgfï ig s we;s uOHhk Wi fõ'& c,dYfha
u¿
q mDIÀ a l j¾.M,h 24 x 104 m2 o u¿ q c, Odß;dj a j
b.;k; = lemQ úg whis a lÜ
= áh by< ke.u S wdrïN
17.6 x 105 m3 o fõ' c, uÜgu jeä ù mg s dr uÜgug lrk ;j a rKh yd f,dya lÜ= áh my< neiuS wdrïN
t,ô úg fõ,f a ,a jdx fodrgq újD; lÍ s fuka wu;r lrk ;ja rKh fjk fjku fidhkk a '
c,h jdx ±óug i,ij a kq ,efí' fõ,f
a ,a 10 m x 9 m
jk jdx fodrgq 5 la lh s% d;u
a l jk w;r jdx c,
93. ñÑ.ka hkq weußldfõ my s á
s mxp uyd ú,a w;ßka tll's
Odß;dj 3000 m3 s-1fõ' fuu úf,ys nyÈqk êjr hd;d% u;i a H l¾udk; a fha krs ;
úu i, q n oikq l's fcdI a ma yd uhl
s ,a hkq il a kOa 100kg
(i) wju lh s% d;u
a l uÜgfï mej;s c,dYh j¾Id ne.ks a jQ ëjrhka fofofkl's fudjk q a fofokd il a kO
a h
ld,fh§a Wmßu uÜgu olj a d mr
s efKa kï wju 4800kg jQ ;u fndÜ a gjq o /f.k ñÑ.ka úf,ys uik q a
lhs% d;u
a l uÜgfï§ c, Odß;dj fldmuKo@ we,,
a uS g mgs ;ja hh's
(ii) fkdkej;S mej;s wêl j¾Idj fy; a f
= jka jdx a gj
(a) 1.i.fndÜ q c,fha kYs p
a ,j we;s úg th c,fha .,s S we;s
fodrgq 5 u m¾Q K jYfhka újD; lÍ
s ug iÿs úh' mßudj fidhkk a '^c,fha >k;j a h 1000kgm-3&
fodrgq j,k s a c,h mgs jk idudkH fõ.h
fldmuKo@ ii. fndÜ
a gf
q õ u¿ q mßudfjka 1$6 la c,h ;,
= .,
s S mj;s
(c) jdx ±óu fy; a f
= jka .x.d ñáhdjf;a my;a ìï j, kï fndÜ a gf
q õ u¿
q mßudj fidhkk a '
.xj;r = ;;ja hla we;s úh' kj s di ux udj;a c,fhka
hg úh' fndÜ a gq fhdod .kñs ka ckhd uoqjd .eku S g 2' fndÜ
a gjq ;u mßudfjka 5$6 la olj a d c,fha ., s S we;s
lgh; q = lrk ,§' ^.x j;f = ¾ uOHhk >k;j a h 1000 úg c, uÜgu fndÜ a gj
q ., s S mej;h s yels Wmßu
kgm-3 & wdrCI;s Ndr f¾Ldj olj a d meñfK'a u;i a Hfhlf = .a
idudkH il a kO
a h 1 kg hehs i,ld fndÜ a gjq g mgjd
(i) kj s il we;s È. 0.8 m m<, 0.6 m jk .; yels Wmßu uik q a .Kk fidhkk a '
Y;S lrKhla c,fha md ùu wdrïN jkf a ka
kj s fia ljr Wilg c,h mr s eKq mioq@ 3. i' fndÜ
a gfq õ wdrCI;s Ndr f¾Ldj i,lK = q lÍ
s fï §
^Y; S lrKfha il
a kO
a h 150 kg l's& fndÜa gq kI
s m
a dolhk
s a ie,l,
s u
s ;a jkf
a ka lu= loa@
(ii) 2.4 m x 1 m x 0.75 m mu % dKfha fndÜa gq fhdod ii. fndÜa gjq g uikq a mr
q jd .; yels wdldr 2 la my;
rEm igykj a , olf a õ' tu wdldr 2 lks a uikq a
.;fa ;a kï 60 kg nr ñki s kq a fldmuK mr
q jd .; yels jvd;a WÑ; wdldrh f;dr a d Tfí
ixLHdjla Wmßu jYfhka f.k hd yelos@ m<
s ;
s r= meyeÈ,s lrkk a '
^fndÜa gj
q l nr 1260 kg fõ'&
(iii) (c) fldgfia .eg¿ úi§fï§ Tn l< Wml,m

a k
fudkjdo@

17
(iv) c,hg jeàfuka fudfyd;lg miq ta ;< = g c,h ldkÿa

fõ' lá = h hdk;a ñka c,h ;< = .f
s ,k fudfydf;§a
we;,= g ldkÿa ù we;s c, mßudj fidhkk a . mÍlI
a K
lá= fha ndyrs mßudj 5 m3 fõ'
A B
(v) lá= h my,g .uka lrk ld,h ;< = c,h lu % fhka
iii. uik
q a mrs ùfïÈ fndÜ
a gf
q õ u¿
q .r
= e;j
a flk
a øah we;, = g ldkÿa jk w;r m;, = g .uka lÍs ug m:% u th
úp,kh ùu rEm igykla wdOdrfhka meyeÈ,s iïmQ¾Kfhka c,fhka msÍ hhs' fodaIh we;s jQ
lrkka ' fudfydf;a ig s m;,
= olj a d .uka lrk ld,h ;, =
p,; s h krs EmKh lÍ s u iòyd mf% õ. - ld, mi% ; a drh
(b) fcdi a ma yd uhls ,a ;u fndÜ a gjq mr q jd .; yels Wmßu w`Èkk a '
uik q a ixLHdj mr q jd .;a miq f.dvìu lrd ,.dùug
;rS Kh lrh's ta iòyd fcdi a ma fndÜ a gfq õ tkc a u
s (vi) c,fhka iïm¾ Q Kfhka mÍ s we;s wji:a dfõ th u;
lh s% d;u a l lrh's ty§s yril a v j¾.M,h 1m2 jQ Wvl
q r
= e f;rmu q fidhkk a ' th idod we;s f,dy
a fha
wjrfm;; a la Nu% Kh lÍ s u u.k s a ;;m a rhl§ 5m È. >k;j a h 8000 kgm-3 fõ'
jQ c, lòla fndÜ a gfq õ p,;s ÈYdjg m; % ú s reoOa ÈYdjg
;,¨ a lrh's (vii)fodIa ih s ,,
a kjs erÈ lr lá= h we;< = g ldkÿa jQ c,h
ihs ,,a o bj;a lr m;f = ,ka tl;= lr.;a 104 kg Lkc s
i. fndaÜgqj u; we;sfjk n,h fidhkak' kh s eÈ o iu`. kej; c,h u;m = g
s g irS efjka f.k tk
ii. fndaÜgqfõ wdrïNl ;ajrKh .Kkh lrkak' ,§' lrk ,o wju ld¾hh fidhkk a '
iii. fndÜ a gjq u; we;f s j ÿiia d%ú;d n,h fndÜa gjq .uka (b) A
.kka d fõ.fha j¾.hg iudkm s fõ'^Sav2& ±ka
q d;l 250 ml
250 ml
fndÜa gjq 2ms-1 wdk; a fõ.fhka .uka .kk a d nj
200 ml 200 ml X
i,lkk a ' fndÜ a gfq õ wdk; a fõ.h 3ms-1 olj a d jeä
lÍ
s ug ;;m a rhlg fldmuK c, lòla mg s mq ig wjr
fm;; a u.k s a ;,ä l< h; q o=@
94.(a)
(1) (2) (3)
Odß;dj 250 ml jk ñkï q irdjla ;< = 200 ml i,lk = f;la

c,h oud we;' c,h ry; s j ñkï q irdfõ il a kO a h 200 g fõ'
1 rEmfha fmkj a d we;s mßÈ ;, = djla u; th ;nd we;' 2
rEmfha mßÈ A i, s k
s v
a rhla ñkï q irdj ;< = g ±uQ úg c,
uÜgu 250 ml olj a d by< hk ku; q "a c,h b;Í s fkdhh's A ys
id.r m;f = ,ys Lkc s .fõIKh lrk fk!ldjla rEmfha mßudfjka 2/3 c,fha ., s S ;f s nk mßÈ mdfõ' c,fha
±lf
a õ' tys fodUlrfha fl,jr we;s wjiÓ a ;s >¾Q Kh 2.5 >k;j a h 1000 kgm-3 fõ'
kgm2 yd 5 cm wrh jQ iu q g lmm
a h
s jgd T;d we;s lïìfhys
fl<jr m;f = ,a kh
s eÈ tl;= lrk lá = hg iïnkO a lr we;' (a) (i) A ys il a kOa h fidhkk a '
(ii) ;,= dfõ mdGdxlh lu = la o@
lmma h
s úÿ,s fudg a rhla u.k s a Nu
% Kh lÍ s fuka lá = h (iii) A idod we;s øjHfha >k;j a h lu
= la o@
ir
S efjka my;a lÍ s u fyda tiùu lrh's mÍlI a K lá= ho
we;¨= j ih s ¿u WmlrK iu. kefõ il a kOa h 2 x 107 kg (b) (i) A iïm¾ Q Kfhka c,fha ., s S ;f
s nk mßÈ md lÍ
s ug
fõ' mÍlI a Kh lrk mf % oY
a fha c,fha >k;ja h 1200 kgm-3 A u; ;eìh h; q = X Ndrfha w.h lu = la o@
jk w;r .eUr q 100 m fõ' (ii) n`ÿfka c,h W;r = d ;eáh u; tl;= fõ kï W;r = d
.h
s c, il a kO
a h fldmuK o@
(iii) ±ka ;,
= dfõ mdGdxlh lu = la o@
(i) kej c,h ;<
= .,
s S we;s mßudj fidhkk
a '
(c) ±ka fuu Ndrh há me;f a ;a w,jd ;nd" i,s k
s v
a rh c,fha
(ii) lá= h kh s ; fõ.fhka jd;h ;< = my;a lrk md l< úg i, s ks v
a rfha mßudfjka 3/4 c,fha ., s S iá
s k
wji: a dfõ ;k; a f
= õ wd;;h
s fidhkk
a ' lá
= fhys mßÈ mdfõ'
il
a kO a h 103 kg fõ (i) ñkï q irdfõ c, uÜgu my< niS o@ kh s ;j mj;S
o@ ke;fyd;a W;r = d hhs o@ meyeÈ,s lrkk a '
(iii) li
s h
s ï hdk;a l
s% fodI
a hla ki
s d lmm
a h
s md,khlk
s a (ii) X ys >k;ja h fidhkk a '
f;drj Nu % Kh jk w;r lá = h fõ.fhka my,g
.uka lr c,fha j§'
(d) A iïmQ¾Kfhka c,fha .sf,k A
mßÈ ;ka;=jlg .eg.id ñkqï
(a) my,g .uka l< ;j a rKh fidhkk a ' irdfõ m;=,g iïnkaO lr we;'
(b) ;ja rKh jk ld,h ;< = ;k; a f
= õ wd;;h s
fidhkk a ' (i) ;ka;=fõ wd;;sh fidhkak'
(c) fuu ld,h ;< = kej c,h ;, = .f
s ,k (ii) ;=,dfõ mdGdxlh l=ula o@
mu
% dKh u, q mßudjg jvd wvq fõo@ jeäfõo@
myokk a ' .f s ,k mßudfõ fjki fidhkk a '

18
Advanced Level PHYSICS
mi.qhs úNd. nyjqrK wNHdi 99. îlrhla" tys lg <Õgu c,fhka mqrjd tys msg me;a;
msioud ;rdoshla u; ;nk ,oS' bka miq fï îlrh bj;g
95. my; iòyka lskï rEm igyklska ødj mSvlhla f.k" c, uÜgu îlr lg <Õu ;ndf.k fmdfrdmam
kr
s EmKh jkf
a ka o@ V1 iy V2 lmdghka fõ' lene,a,la md lr msg me;a; msioud kej; tu ;rdosh u;
;nk ,oS' fojeks wjia:dfõoS ;rdosfha mdGdxlh"
F1 F2 F2 F1 F2 F1
(1) uq,a wjia:dfõ mdGdxlhg iudk fõ'
(2) uq,a wjia:dfõ mdGdxlhg jvd jeä fõ'
(3) uq,a wjia:dfõ mdGdxlhg jvd wvqh'
(4) uq,a wjia:dfõ mdGdxlhg jvd wvqfjkafka fmdfrdmam
lene,a, b;d l=vd kï muKs'
V1 V2 V1 V2 V1 V2 (5) u,
q a wji:a dfõ mdGdxlhg jvd jeä fjkf
a ka fmdfrdmm
a
^1& ^2& ^3& lene,, a b;d úYd, kï muK's
F1 F2 F1
(1980-11)
F2
100.c,h îlrhla ;<

= .?
a ï 10 la nr ud¿fjla ià
s ' fuu îlrh
ÿkq ;rdoh
s la u; ;nd we;' ud¿jd îlrh m;f = ,a kY
s p
a ,j
iá
s k úg ;rdof s ha oelf
a jk nr .? a ï 1000 l's ud¿jd ;r s ia
;,hl my s g
s k úg ;rdof s ha mdGdxlh jkf a k"a
V V V V (1980-04)
^4& 1 2
^5& 1 2
96. c,h iy f;,a fmdÿ mDIaGfha rEmfha fmfkk wkaoug ,S

(1) 0 (2) .a?ï 10 (3) .a?ï 990
l=Üáhla mdfõ' fï l=Üáfha V1 iy V2 mrsud ms<sfj,ska (4) .a?ï 1000 (5) .a?ï 1010
f;,a ;=< yd c,h ;=< ,S l=Üáfha mrsudj fõ' f;,aj, iy (1980-28)
c,fha >k;aj ms<sfj,ska r1 iy r2 fõ kï" ,S l=Üáfha
ialkaOh iudk fjkafka" 101.jg wä ma,dial=jl lgg msáka Q ys nrla mgjd rEmfha
r1 fmfkk wkaoug c,fha md lr we;' B;¾ m%udKhla
(1) (V1r1 + V2r2) V1 ma,dial=j u; P ys ;enQ úg fï ma,dial=j"
V2
(2) V2r2
r2 (1) uola .s,S tu msysgqfï kj;S' P
(3) (V1 + V2)r2
(2)uola .s,S wdmiq uq,a msysgqug
(4) (V1 + V2) (r1 + r2) fifuka meñfKa'
2 (3) uola by<g f.dia wdmiq uq,a
(5) V1r1 (1980-05) msysgqug fifuka meñfKa'
97. c, îlrhla ;=< whssia >klhla md lrk ,oS' whsia oshjk
(4) uola by< f.dia tu msysgqfïu
úg îlrfha c, uÜgu" k;rfõ
Q
(5) my< fyda by< fyda fkdf.dia
(1) my< niS' tf,iu mj;S'
(2) by< k.S' (1980-58)
(3) m<uqj my< nei bka miq by< k.S'
(4) m<uqj by< ke. bka miq my< nis' 102.il
a kO
a h .?
a ï 15 la joQ idfmCaI >k;j
a h 0'75 la joQ ji;
a j
= la
idfmCaI >k;j a h 1'2 la jQ øjhla ;<= iïm¾Q Kfhka u ., s S
(5) tf,iu mj;S' iá
s k fia tu øjh wvx.= n÷fka m;, = g k,
Q lks a ne| we;' tu
(1980-06) k,Q lemQ úg ji;a f
= õ wdrïNl ;ja rKh"
98.kY
s p
a ,j mj;k
s øjhla ;<
= mv
S kh m<
s n
s |j lr we;s my;
i|yka ml
% dY i,ld n,kk
a ' 1) 3.75 ms-2 fõ' 2) 6 ms-2 fõ' 3) 10 ms-2 fõ'
4) 16 ms-2 fõ' 5) 26 ms-2 fõ
(A) Ndckfhys øjh im a ¾Y ù we;s iEu ;eklu mv S kh (1981-29)
kis d we;s flfrk n,h Ndckfha mDIG a hg ,ïnl
fõ' 103. c,h wvx.= Ndckhla ÿkq ;rdoh
s lk
s a t,,
a d we;' idfmCaI
(B) øjhla ;< = we;s ´kEu ,CIHhlo"S mv S kh ki s d >k;ja h 1 g wvq fmdfrdmm a lene,, a la flá k, Q a
mDIGa hla u; we;s flfrk n,fhys úYd,;j a h lene,,a lks a fuu c,h ;<= iïm¾ Q Kfhka ., s S iá
s k fia
mDIG a fha oY s dk;hs u; r|d mj;'S n÷fka m;,= g nekoa úg ÿkq ;rdof
s ha mdGdxlh"
(C) me;,s m;< = la iy; s Ndckhl m;, = u; we;s flfrk
n,h" m;f = ,ys mv S kh iy fCI; a M% ,fha .K = ;
s h jk (1) fmdfrdmma lene,, a u; Wvl q r
= e f;rmu q g iudk
w;r" tu n,h Ndckfha we;s øjfha nrg" iudk" jvd mu
% dKhlk s a wvq fõ'
úYd, fyda jvd lv = d úh yelh s ' (2) fmdfrdmm
a lene,, a c,h ;<
= fmkk a ïq lrk nrg iudk
mu
% dKhlk s a jeä fõ'
fuu ml
% dYhkf
a .k"a (3) fmdfrdmm
a lene,, a jd;fha oS fmkk a ïq lrk nrg iudk
mu
(1) A muKla i;H fõ' (4) fmdfrdmma lene,, a u; Wvl q r
= e f;rmu q g iudk
(2) B muKla i;H fõ' mu
(3) A iy C muKla i;H fõ' (5) fkdfjkij a mj;'S
(4) B iy C muKla i;H fõ' (1981-30)
(5) A iy B muKla i;H fõ'
(1980-10)
19
104.uOHidr îdfmaCI >k;aj 0'75& iy c,h ñY%Khl (1) 1/2 (2) 2/3 (3) 3/4
idfmaCI >k;ajh 0'80 fõ' ñY% lsrSfï oS isÿ úh yels (4) 4/3 (5) 3/2
mrsudfjys fjkiaùu fkd.sKsh hq;= fia ie<l=jfyd;a
uOHidr iy c,h w;r wkqmd;h mrsudj wkqj" (1986-06)
(1) 1 : 4 (2) 3: 4 (3) 4 : 5 110.>k;ajh d1 iy d2 (d2 < d1) jk ñY% fkdjk øj folla
(4) 15 : 6 (5) 4 : 1 n÷kl we;' taldldr d >k;ajfhka hq;a >k f.da,hla
(1982-08) iïmQ ¾ Kfhka u .s , S bms f ,kq f ha tys mrs u dfjka
;=kald,la my,ska msysá øjh ;=< mj;sk fiah' d ys w.h
105. rEmfha fmkj a d we;s mßos ;k = "S me;,s C f,dy a ldih s lk
s a fokq ,nkafka"
iukú a ; jQ whi s a >khla c, îlrhl mdfõ' c,h ldur
WIKa ;ja fha (250C) mj;j a d .kS kï whi s a oh
s jk úg 1) d1 + d2 2) d1 - d2 3) 3d1 + d2
îlrfhys c, uÜgfuys Wi h ld,h t iu. fjkia jk
wdldrh lu = k jlh % lk
s a jvd fyd|k s u
a kr
s EmKh fõo@ 2 2 4
3d1 - d2
h h 4) 5) d1 - d2
4
C (1986-34)
3
h 111. 1.0 m mrsudjla iy 30 kg ialkaOhla we;s yn,a Trejla
^1&
t
^2&
t c,fha mdfõ' c,fha >k;ajh 1000 kgm-3 fõ'fndaÜgqj
h h h
c,fha fkd.s,s mj;sk fia thg oersh yels" tlsfkldf.a
ialkaOh 60 kg jQ ñksiqkaf.a Wmrsu ixLHdj jkqfha"
(1) 3 (2) 10 (3) 16 (4) 22 (5) 28

t t t (1987-34)
^3& ^4& ^5&
(1983-50) 112. rEmfha fmkj
a d we;s mßos whi
s a lÜ
= áhla (X), ;k;
a j
= l
2 2 wdOdrfhka îlrhl m;< = g ne| iïm¾Q Kfhkua c,fha
106. yril a v lfa I;
a M
% ,h 0.008m (80cm ) jQ îlrhl 0.1m .,
s j
a d we;' fuu whi
s a lÜ= áh oh
s jk úg" îlrfha c,
(10cm) Wig c,h mr q jd we;' rEm igyfkys ±lf a jk uÜgu"
wdldrhg îlrh ;, = d ;eáhla u; ;enQ úg olj q k
mdGdxlh 0.820kg fõ' îlrfha c, uÜgu 0.001m ^1& by< k.'S
(0.1cm) mu% dKhlk s a by< hkg;la th ;, = h we`.,
s ,a la ^2& my< ni’
±uQ úg ;,
= dfõ ±lf a jk mdGdxlh jkf a k,a ^3& fkdfjkij a mj;'S X
^4& m<ujq by< ke. bkma ij
q my< ni'S
(1) 0.812kg ^5& m<uj
q my< nei bka mij q by< k.'S
(2) 0.820kg (1987-40)
(3) 0.824kg
(4) 0.828kg 113.fla;= ma,dial=jla ;=< >k;ajh r jQ øjhla h Wilg mqrjd
(5) 0.836kg we;' ma,dial=fõ wäfha j¾.M,h A kï iy th ;=< we;s
(1984-27) øj mrsudj V kï tys jl% mDIaGh u; ls%hd lrk iïmQ¾K
n,h"
107. rEm igyfkys fmkajd we;s wdldrhg B whsia l=Üáhla
iy ta u; ;nd we;s C lsr, wenhla îlrhla ;=< we;s (1) (hrg A - V rg) ;sria j
c,fhamdfõ' whsia oshjk úg" îlrfha c, uÜgu, (2) (hrg A - V rg) isria j by<g
C (3) (hrg A - V rg) isria j my<g
^1& m%:ufhka by< f.dia bkamiqj (4) (hrg A + V rg) isria j by<g h
my<g hhs' B (5) (hrg A + V rg) isria j my<g fõ
^2& m%:ufhka my<g f.dia bkamiqj
by<g hhs'
^3& by<g hhs' (1987-52)
^4& my<g hhs' 114. rEmfha oelafjk wdldrhg taldldr
^5& fkdfjkiaj mj;S' (1985-05) oKa v l tla fl<jrla Ndckhl
108.>k;ajh r jQ øjhla iys; n÷kla ksYap, wjia:dfõ isg ì;;a h
s lg wijq fldg we;s w;r wfkla
ksoyfia .=re;ajh hgf;a my<g jefÜ' jdhQf.da,Sh mSvkh fl<jr c,fha ., s j
a d we;' oKv a wiõfõ
A fõ' jd;fha >¾IKh fkdi,ld yersh yels kï øj ;r
s ia wlIa h jgd kosyfia Nu % Kh úh
yel' iu;, = ;
s wji: a dfõoS oKf A vka yß
mDIaGfha isg h .eUqrl ,CIHhl oS mSvkh" wvla c,fha ., s S we;' oKv a idod we;s
øjHfha idfml a I
a >k;j a h jkfq h"a
(1) Y=kH fõ' (2) A fõ' (3) hrg fõ'
(4) A + hrg fõ' (5) A - hrg fõ' ^1& 2 ^2& 4/3 ^3& 1 ^4& 3/4 ^5& 1/2
(1986-04) (1987-57)
109.iDcqfldaKdi% ,S l=Üáhla tys mrsudfjka ;=fkka folla 115.tla fl,jrla jid we;s Wi nghl by< fl<jfrys lv
= d jdhq
c,h ;=< isák fia mdfõ' th fjk;a øjhl ;enQ úg nn
q ,
q la b;rss jk mross øjhlk s a mrqjd th i, S a lrkq ,efí' bka
mrsudfjka yrs wvla øjh ;=< .s,S ;sfnk f,i mdfõ' mij q k<h hálr=e fldg ôeka m;f = ,a we;&s jdhq nnq ,
q by<g
fuu øjfha idfmaCI >k;ajh jkqfha" .uka lrñka iá s hoS k,h îrsia j r|jd& kY s p
a ,;djfha ig
s
kosyfia jeàug bv yrk s q ,efí' túg jdhq nnq ,"

20
(1) jvd;a i> S f
% hka øjh ;< = k
s a by<g .uka lrh's ^1& 2.526 kg
(2) fmr mross u øjh ;< = k s a by<g .uka lrh's ^2& 2.720 kg
(3) jvd fiñka øjh ;< = k s a by<g .uka lrh's ^3& 2.920 kg W
(4) øjh ;<= k
s a .uka lr s uS kj;'S ^4& 5.360 kg
M
(5) kej;S øjh ;< = k
s a my<g .uka lrh's ^5& 5.840 kg (1991-38)
(1988-50)
121. m;f
= ,a fË;
a M
% , iy il
a kO
a fhka iudk jQ A, B yd C kï
116.nr W jQ >k w¾O f.da,dldr jia;=jla rEmfha oelafjk Ndck ;k = lg tlu uÜgula olj a d rEmfha fmkj a d we;s mßos
mrsos >k;ajh r jQ øjhla ;=< .s,S isák fia t,ajd we;' c,h mrq jd we;' A, B yd C kï tla tla Ndckfha m;< = u;
;ka;=fõ wd;;sh T o w¾O f.da,fha me;,s mDIAGfha c,h ki s d we;s flfrk iïmh % l
q ;a n,h m< s f
s j,k s a FA, FB
fCIa;%M,h A o kï øjh uÕska w¾O f.da,fha jl% mDIaGh iy FC kï o c,h iy; s fuu Ndck ;rdoh s la u; ;enQ úg
u; fhdok iïm%hqla; n,fhys úYd,;ajh" olj
a k nr m< s f
s j,k
s a WA, WB iy WC kï"
(1) W + T + Ahrg
(2) W - T + Ahrg
(3) W - T - Ahrg h
(4) -W + T + Ahrg
(5) -W - T + Ahrg r A B C
(1988-58)
^1& FA = FB = FC iy WA = WB = WC
-3
117. c,fha >k;ajh 1000 kg m iy whsia ys >k;ajh 900 kg ^2& FA> FB> FC iy WA >WB >WC
m-3 fõ' 2 kg nr l=re,af,l=g c,fha mdfjk whsia ^3& FA < FB < FC iy WA <WB < WC
l=Üáhla u; fkd.s,S jid isàug thg ;sìh hq;= wju ^4& FA= FB = FC iy WA <WB < WC
mrsudj jkafka" ^5& FA = FB = FC iy WA >WB > WC (1991-55)
(1) 1/100 m3 (2) 1/50 m3 (3) 1/20 m3 122.kh

s ; >klula we;s whi
s a lene,,
a la uy
q ÿq c,h u;
(4) 2 m3 (5) 20 m3 mdfjkf q ha 1 cm la c,fhka Wv iá s k fiha ' whi
s a yd uy
q ÿq
(1989-21) c,fha >k;j a hka m<
s f s a 920 kgm-3 yd 1030 kgm-3 kï
s j,k
whi
s a lene,fa ,a iïm¾Q K >klu"
118. fyhd¾ WmlrKhl tla ndyq fl<jrla >k;j
a h rw jk
c,fha ., s j
a d we;s w;r wfkla ndyq fl<jr >k;j a h rx (1) 10.3 cm (2) 6.2 cm (3) 4.7 cm
jk X kï jQ øjhl ., s j
a d we;' T k,fhka jd;h (4) 2.0 cm (5) 1.0 cm
ij
a ,m a hla mgs ;g weooa úg remfha fmfkk wkoaug ndyq (1992-25)
;<= øj uÜgï by< k.'S X øjfha >k;j a h rx iudk
jkf a k"a 123.rEmfha oelf
a jk wkoaug >k;j
a h r1
T jk øjhla wvx.= Ndckhla ;rdoh s u;
^1& h1rw/ (h2 + h3) ;nd we;' il a kO a h m iy >k;j a h r2
h2 jk f,dy a lene,, a la Ndckfha m;f = ,a
^2& h1rw / h2 fyda me;j s , fkd.Eù øjh ;< = .,s S iá
s k
^3& (h1 + h4) rw / (h2 + h3 + h4) h1 fia ;k; a j = lk s a t,, a d ;f
s í' oeka fuu
h3
^4& (h1 + h4) rw /h2 ;k;a j = lemj q fyd;a ;rdos mdGdxlfhys
h4
^5& h1rw/(h2 + h3 + h4) fjiù a u" jkf a k,a
rw rx
(1) mg (1 + r1/r2) (2) mg (1 - r1/r2)
(1989-25)
(3) mg (1 + r2/r1) (4) mg (1 - r2/r1)
119. lv
= d Ndckhla ;j;a Ndckhla ;<
= c,fha md fjkf
q ha A (5) mg (1992-58)
rEmfha we;s mßohs ' B rEmfha fmfkk whß q ka c,hg jvd o 3
>k;ja h jeä ji; a j
= la lv
= d Ndckh ;< = ;nd we;' C 124.ñkï
q irdjla ;<
= 0 C ys mj;k
s f;,a 60 cm mu
% dKhla we;'
rEmfha olj
a d we;s mßos tu ji; a j
= u c,h ;<= .,s j
a d we;' whis a lene,, a la irdj ;< = g oeuQ úg th f;,a ;< =
iïm¾ Q Kfhka u l| s d neiia w;r f;,a uÜgu 90 cm3 ,lK=
olj
a d jeä úh' whi s jQ úg f;,a uÜgu 87 cm3 ,lK
s a oh = olj a d
wvq úh' whi
s j
a , idfmCaI >k;j a h"
h1 h2 h3
(1) 0.80 (2) 0.85 (3) 0.90
(A) (B) (C) (4) 0.95 (5) 0.98
(1993-03)
c, uÜgïj, Wi h1, h2 iy h3 kï -4 3
125. jdhq nnq ,
q fkdmj;k s mßos c,h 10 m wvx.= ;k = S fmd,;
s k S a
^1& h1 = h2 = h3 ^2& h2 > h3 > h1 ^3& h3 > h2 > h1 u,, a la ieye,¨
a ;k; a j
= lk
s a .eg.id c,h Ndckhla ;< = g
^4& h2 = h3 > h1 ^5& h1 > h2 > h3 my; lr we;s whr q e rEmfha fmkj a d we;' c,fha >k;j a h
(1990-57)
-4 3
103 kgm-3 kï ;k;a f = õ wd;;h s "
120. rEmfha oelf
a jk wkoaug mßudj 4.0 x 10 m jk f,dy
a ^1& 2 N
fnd,a hl"a tys yß w¾Ohla riof s hys .f s ,k fia rioh s (M) ^2& 1.5 N
iy c,h (W) w;r = e uy
q K
q f;ys mdfjñka mj;'S riof s hys ^3& 1 N
iy c,fhys >k;j a hka m< s f
s j,ks a 1.36 x 104 kgm-3 iy 1.0 ^4& 0.5 N
x 103 kgm-3 jkfa ka kï jd;fhoaS fnd, a fha nr jkfa k,a ^5& 0 (1993-26)
21
126. rEmfha fmkj
a d we;f
a ;a rioh
s nefrdó
a grhl's rioh
s l| ;<
= A ys jia;=j B ys jia;=j C ys jia;=j
mv
S kh rioh
s ñ,ó
s gr 500 jk ,lI
a Hh"
A 1) ksYap,ju ksYap,ju ksYap,ju
920 mm
^1& A B mj;S' mj;S' mj;S'
^2& B 2) jug .uka by<g .uka my<g .uka
^3& C C lrhs' lrhs' lrhs'
^4& D D 3) my<g .uka my<g .uka my<g .uka
E 160 mm lrhs' lrhs' lrhs'
^5& E
(1993-27) 4) my<g .uka my<g .uka ksYap,ju
lrhs' lrhs' mj;S¡
127. oS we;s J k,fha fofl<jr uøqd ;nd we;s w;r" tys >k;j
a h 5) by<g .uka by<g .uka by<g .uka
rjQ øjhla wvx.= fõ' m<,a ndyf q õ yril a v j¾.M,h mgq lrhs' lrhs' lrhs'
ndyfq õ yrila v j¾.M,h fuka fo.K = hl's ir
s ù we;s (1995-59)
-3
jd;fha mvs kh m<
s f
s j,k
s a P1 yd P2 kï P1 iudk jkf q h"a 131. Ndckhl f;,a ^>k;j a h = 800 kgm & iy riÈh
P2 ^>k;j a h = 13600 kgm-3& wvx.= fõ f,dy A f.d,A hla tys
^1& P2 g h tla yß wvla riÈfhys my s gs k f,i;a wfkla wv f;f,ys
^2& P2 + hrg g h P1 h mys g
s k f,i;a w;r= e uy
q k
q f;A mdfõ f,dyA fhA >k;j a h,
^3& P2 - hrg g h
^4& P2 + 2hrg g h ^1& 1000 kgm-3 ^2& 1700 kgm-3 ^3& 4800 kgm-3
^4& 7200 kgm-3 ^5& 12 800 kgm -3
^5& P2 + 1/2 hrg g h

(1994-04) (1996-08)
127..eUqre uqyqÿ m;af,ka ksoyia jQ jdhq nqnq,la by<g .uka 132.ialkaOh 1.4 kg jk Tgqkakla iïmQ¾Kfhka u c,fha
lrkq ,efí' my; oS we;s m%ia:dr w;=rska jdhq nqnqf,a .s,S we;s úg tys oDIH nr 1.3 kg úh' Tgqkak idod we;s
fõ.h (v), ld,h (t) iuÕ úp,kh ùu b;du;a fyd|ska øjHfha uOHkH >k;ajh jkafka"
ksrEmKh jkafka ljr m%ia:drfhka o @ ^c,fha >k;ajh 103 kgm-3&
v v v
1) 1.1 x 103 kgm-3 2) 1.3 x 103 kgm-3
3) 1.4 x 103 kgm-3 4) 1.4 x 104 kgm-3
5) 2.7 x 104 kgm-3 (1997-17)
t t t 133.isyska ì;a;s iys; 4h Wilska hq;a is,skavrdldr f,day

(1) (2) (3) Ndckhla ;=< h Wilg c,h mqrjd we;' fuu is,skavrh
v v c,fha .s,ajQ úg th tys Wiska w¾Ohla c, uÜgfuka
my< msysgk fia rEmfha fmkajd we;s mrsos mdfõ' fuu
is,skavrh tys iïmQ¾K Wiu jdf.a c, uÜgfuka my;
msysgk fia mdù ;sîug kï is,skavrh ;=< c, uÜgu h
Wfiys isg
t t (1994-47)
(4) (5) 1) 4/3 h olajd jeä l< hq;=h'
129.>k;ajh r jk øjHhlska idod we;s ;=kS taldldr AB 2) 2h olajd jeä l< hq;=h'
oKavla >k;ajh s jk øjhla wvx.= Ndckhl ì;a;shg A 3) 8/3 h olajd jeä l< hq;=h'
ys oS ksoyfia wijq fldg we;' iu;=,s; wjia:dfõ oS 4) 3 h olajd jeä l< hq;=h'
oKafvka mfyka tll fldgila øjfhka msg;g fkrd 5) 7/2 h olajd jeä l< hq;=h'
we;akï r/s ys w.h iudk jkqfha" B (1997-31)
134. rEmfha oelf
a jk mßos m;f
= ,a j¾.M,h A yd Wi L jQ
(1) 16 (2) 9 (3) 8
25 25 25 Ndckhlg l o. s e;s k<hla iú lr we;' k,fha wNHk; a r
yril a v j¾.M,h a kï iy Ndckh yd k<h" >k;j a hr
(4) 4 (5) 1 A jQ øjhlk s a iïm¾ Q Kfhka mrq jd we;ka ï øjh u.k s a
25 25 Ndckfha m;< = u; we;s lrk n,h jkf q h,a
(1995-58) l
130. ^1& A (L + l) rg
^2& (A - a) Lrg + a (L + l) rg
^3& Alrg L
^4& a (L + l) rg
^5& (AL+ al) rg
(1997-32)
Â& ^B& ^C&
rEmj, fmkajd we;af;a c,h iys; fnda;,a ;=kla ;=< 135.c,h îlrhla" iïmSvk ;=,djla u; ;nd we;' ld,h t=0
hka;ñka mdfjk l=yr iys; ksYap, jia;+ka ;=kl oS" rEmfha fmfkk whqre" >k jia;=jla c, uÜgfuka
yrialvh' A iy B ys we;s jia;= fofla újrhka we;s hka;ñka my<g isákfia t,ajd îlrfha m;=, u;
m;s;jk f;la jia;=j îlrh ;=<g iSrefjka my;a lrkq
w;r tajd R uDÿ rn¾ mg uÕska jid we;' C ys jia;=fõ
újrhla fkdue;' fnda;,fha lg u; w; ;nd ;o lsrSu ,efí' ld,h t iu. ;=,dfjys mdGdxlh S fjkiajk whqre
uÕska fnda;, ;=fkysu c, mDIaGj,g by<ska u we;s jvd;a u fyd|ska ksrEmKh lrkq ,nkafka"
jd;h u; w;srsla; mSvkhla fhÿj fyd;a"
22
s s 141. jdfka fldm
a m
a hla lg by<g iá
s k mßos c,fha mdfõ' th
;<
= g fiñka c,h j;l a < úg fldm a m
a h .,
s uS g wdikka
wji:a dj my; i|yka lu= k rEm igyk uÕk s a kr
s EmKh
lrhos@
0 t 0 t
(1) (2)
s s s
0 t 0 t 0 t ^1& ^2& ^3&

(3) (4) (5) (1998-58)
136.nr 6N jk tl
a dldr >k i,
s k
s v
a rhla tys Wik
s a 1/4 la øj
mdIG
A fhka by<g iá
s k mross øjhl ir
s ia j mdfõ' i,
s k
s v
a rh
øjfha iïm¾Q Kfhka .,s ù
a u i|yd wjYH jk wju ir s ia
n,h ^4& ^5& (2002-36)
142. >k;j
a d1 yd d2 jk" ñY% fkdjk øj
(1) 1.5 N (2) 2 N (3) 3 N folla îlrhla ;< = we;' idod we;s X Y
(4) 4 N (5) 12 N (1999-15) øjHhkf a .a >k;j a m< s f
s j,k
s a dA, dB
d1
137.fidavd fnda;,hla újD; l< úg fidavd c,h ;=<ska jdhq iy dC jk A, B iy C f.d, a ;k= la
nqnq¿ by< k.S' ish¿u jdhq nqnq¿j, wdrïNl ;ajrKh a îlrfha m;< = k
s a uoqd yßkq ,efí' d1 d2
hehs Wml,amkh lrkak' fnda;,h ksoyfia my<g < dB < dA < d2 < dC kï, A B C
jefgk úg fnda;,hg idfmaCIj jdhq nqqnq¿"
1) a ;ajrKfhka u by< k.S' (1) C f.d, a h XY mDIGa h lrd <Õd ù ki s ,;djhg
2) (a + g) ;ajrKhlska by< k.S' meñfK.a
3) (a - g) ;ajrKhlska by< k.S' (2) ihs ü f.d, a XY mDIGa h lrd <Õd ù kis ,;djhg
4) ksi,j mj;S' meñfK'a
5) a ;ajrKhlska my<g .uka lrhs' (3) lis u
s f.d,a hla by<g p,kh fkdfõ'
(1999-47) (4)A iy B f.d, a XY mDIG a h lrd <Õd ù kis ,;djhg
138. rEmfhys olj a d we;s mßos yril a v fË; a M
% , A jQ o" meñfK'a
ila kOa h m jQ o" tla dldr >k i,s k
s va rhla Ndckhla ;< = jQ (5) C f.da,h m;=f,au kj;S' (2003-27)
>k;ajh d jk c,fhys mdfõ' Ndckh a ksh;
;j a rKhlk s a by<g p,; s ùug ie,eij a Q úg i, s k
s v
a rfhy"s
c,fhys ., s S we;s fldgfiys Wi" 143. X ji;
a j
= la M il
a kO
a hla /.;a ieye,¨
a oKv
a l ix;,
= k
my
s às u A rEmfhka fmkj a h.s X c,fhA ., s a jQ úg tu
^1& ma/Adg ÿrlk s a jeäfõ' moOa ;fs hA my
s à
s u B rEmfhka fmkj a h.s c,fhA >k;j a hd
M
^2& ma/Adg ÿrlk s a wvf q õ' kï X idod we;s øjHfhA >k;j a h fokq ,nkf a k"A
^3& m (g-a)/Adg ÿrlk s a jeäfõ' A
^4& m (g-a) Adg ÿrlk s a wvf q õ’ d l L1 l L1
^5& li
s ÿs fjkila iÿs fkdù mj;'s
M M
(2000-50) X
139. frdlÜgj q la ;, = ir s ia w;g my s g
s d we;s yril a v j¾.M,h X ^B&
Â&
3.0m2 jQ gexlh s l øj Tli s ka 1.8x104 kg mu
a c % dKhla we;'
frdlÜgj q mg s ;j a k fudfydf;a § tys ;j a rKh fmd<jg
idfml a Ia j 2.0ms-2 fõ' tu fudfydf;a § gexlh s m;, = u; L1 d u.k
s .s (2) L1 d u.k
s .s L1 d u.k
s .s
(1) (3)
mvs kh, (L1-L2) L2 (L1+L2)
(1) 1.2x103Nm-2 (2) 7.2x103Nm-2
(3) 1.2x10 Nm 4 -2
(4) 6.0x104Nm-2 (4) s .s (5) L2 d u.k
(L1-L2) d u.k s .s
4 -2 L1 L1
(5) 7.2x10 Nm
(2001-39)
(2003-47)
140. rEmfhA fmkj a d we;s mßÈ U - k,hl øjhla wvx.= ù we;¡
k<h ;r s ij a olK = g kh s ; a ;j a rKhlk s a p,kh ùug 144. rEmfha olj
a d we;s mßo"s iudk cHdñ;l
s
ie,eij a Q úg k<fhA ndyq foflA øj l|kj a , Wfiys fjki
jkf a k"A udk iy; s A yd B >kl folla c,h A B
u; mdfõ' A >klfhys mßudfjka yß
^1& la/g ^2& lg/a wvla c, uÜgug by<k s a my s g
s k w;r"
B ys mßudfjka 1$4 la muKla c,
l(g+a) lg uÜgug by<k s a mys g s h's A >klh u;
^3& a ^4&
(a+g) mfriia fuka B >klh ;enQ úg my;
^5& l(g+a) i|yka lu = k m< s ; s r = u.k s a A yd B
g >klj, kj s eros my s g s u
q olj a hos@
l
(2001-59)
23
A >klh B >klh my; ml

% dY i,ld n,kk
a '
^1& mßudfjka 3$4 la iïm¾ Q Kfhka u c, A) lÜ = áh my<g jefgk úg tys .r = e;ja dl¾IK úNj
c,h ;<= my
s g
s h's mDIG
a hg by<k s a my
s g
s h's Yl; a h
s lu % fhka yk S fõ'
B) c, uÜgfuys Wfiys fjkila iÿsfkdjj Q ;a c,fha
^2& iïm¾
Q Kfhka u iïm¾ Q Kfhka u c, .r= e;j a dl¾IK úNj Yl; a h
s jeäfõ'
c,fhys .f
s ,'a mDIG
a hg by<ks a my
s g
s h's
C) c,h fkd;n s fq Ka kï A ,lI a Hfhys oS lÜ= áfha pd,l
^3& iïm¾
Q Kfhka u mßudfjka 1$4 la c,h Yl; a h
s c,h ;n s Q úgoS A ,lI a Hfhys oS tys w.hg jvd wvq
c,fhys .f
s ,a ;<
= my
s g
s h's fõ'
by; ml % dYj,k s "a
^4& iïm¾
Q Kfhka u mßudfjka 1$2 la c,h ^1& A iy B muKla i;H fõ'
c,fhys .f
s ,a ;<
= my
s g
s h's
^2& B iy C muKla i;H fõ'
^5& iïm¾
Q Kfhku a mßudfjka 3$4 la c,h ^3& A iy C muKla i;H fõ'
c,fhys .f
s ,a ;<= my s g
s h's ^4& A muKla i;H fõ'
(2004-46)
^5& A, B iy C hk ih s ,,a u i;H fõ. (2005-53)
145. rEmfha fmkj a d we;s ødj moO a ;f s ha j¾.M,h 4 cm2 jQ úYd,
148. rEmfha olj
a d we;s mßos ,S lene,,
a la .,a lene,,
a l wvx.=
Q mis ga kh u; F1 n,hla we;s lÍ s u i|yd j¾.M,h 2 cm2
lv
= d îlrhla úYd, c, îlrhla ;< = mdfõ' f.,ys
jQ lv= d P mi
s ga khg F = 10 N n,hla fhdojkq ,efí' >k;j a h c,fha >k;j
a hg jvd jeä w;r" ,S lene,f a ,ys
mßirfha WIK a ;j a h wvq jQ úg we;< = ;a jq øjh >k njg >k;j a hg c,fha >k;ja hg jvd wvq fõ' úYd, îlrh ;< =
m;fa õ' fuu >k njg m;a jQ lÜ = áh moO a ;hs ;<= kosyia
c, uÜgfuys Wi h m< s n
s |j my; i|yka ml % dY i,ld
p,kh jk w;r" F = 10N ki s d Q u; fhfok kj n,h F2 n,kk a '
fõ' F1 iy F2ys w.hhka m< s f
s j,k s "a
A) ., mg s ;g f.k c,h ;< = g oeuQ úg h wvf
q õ'
P Q
B) ,S lene,, a mg
s ;g f.k c,hg oeuQ úg h fjkia fkdfõ'
F1 C) ., yd ,S lene,, a mg
s ;g f.k tlg .eg .id c,hg oeuQ
F = 10 N úg tja d îlrfha m;< = g .uka lrhs kï h jeäfõ'
AQ = 4 cm2
AP = 2 cm2 by; ml % dY j,ks "a
^1& A muKla i;H fõ'
^1& 20N, 20 N fõ' ^2& 20 N, 10 N fõ ^2& A yd B muKla i;H fõ'
^3& 5 N, 10 N fõ' ^4& 5 N, 20 N fõ ^3& A yd C muKla i;H fõ' h
^5& 20 N, 5 N fõ’ (2005-19) ^4& B yd C muKla i;H fõ'
^5& A, B yd C hk muKla i;H fõ'
146. ila kO a h m jk tl a dldr f,dy a i,s ks va rhla (2005-59)
A kï jQ ÿkq ;rdoh s l t,, a d il
a kO a h M 149. iudk mßudjkf
a .ka h;
q a r1, r2 iy
(M>m) jk c, n÷kla ;< = iïm¾ Q Kfhka r3 >k;j a iy; s øjHhkf a .ka ieoS r4 r1
.,
s S n÷fka m;< = u; ki s , jk f;la fiñka ila kO a ;k = la ieye,¨ a ;k; a = u.k
s a
yd wkjr; n÷k ;< = g my;a lrkq ,efí' tlf s klg .eg .id we;' rEmfha
rEmfha fmkj a d we;s mßos n÷k B ;rdoh s l r2
ola j d we;s mßos tls f kfly s
;eáh u; ;nd we;' ld,h t iuÕ A yd B ys r5
>k;j a fhka r4ydr5 jQ ñY% fkdjk r3
mdGdxlj, úp,k jvd;a u fyd|s k a øj folla wvx.= Ndckhla ;< =
B
kr s EmKh jkf a k"a fuu moO a ;hs mdfjk w;r" ;k; a =
weoS mj;'S moO a ;hs m<
s ns |j lr we;s my; i|yka k.
s uk
i,ld n,kk a '
M B
B B A) r1 < r5 B) r1 < r3
M M
m A m m C) ;k; a j
= , wd;;s iudk kï" r2 = r5
A A
0 t 0 t 0 t
0 0 0 by; i|yka k. s uk w;f = rk"a
^1& ^2& ^3& ^1& A muKla i;H fõ' ^2& C muKla i;H fõ'
^3& A iy B muKla i;H fõ'
B ^4& A, B iy C hk ih s ,, a u i;H fõ'
M B
M ^5& A, B iy C hk ihs ,,a u wi;H fõ' (2006-44)
m A m
A 150. f,dy
a fhka idok ,o fndÜ
a gj
q la tys mßudfjka mfyka
0 t 0 t
0 0 (2005-52) tlla ., s S mj;k s fia c,fha mdfõ' m<uq fndÜ a gj
q iEouS g
^4& ^5&
Ndú; l< f,dy a fha tu il a kOa hu Ndú; lr m<uq
147.rEmfha oelafjk mßos f,day fndÜ
a gf
q õ mßudj fuka mia .K = hl mßudjla iy; s j
lÜ= áhla gexlh s l c, mDIGa hg fojeks fndÜ a gj
q la kms ojf
Q ha kï,
my;k s a kY s pa ,j t,, a d we;'
l=Üáh ksoyia l< úg th M fojeks fndÜa gj
q u.ks a f.k hd yels Wmßu Ndrh
gexlf s ha m;, = g jefÜ' m<uq fndÜ
a gjq u.k
s a f.k hd yels Wmßu Ndrh
A
hk wkqmd;h iudk jkafka,
^1& 3 ^2& 5 ^3& 6 ^4& 8 ^5& 10 (2007-45)
24
151.;k
= S ì;;
a s iy;
s i,
s k
s v
a rdldr Ndckhla jejl mdfjñka 154. V mßudjla iy;
s ;k
= S ì;;
a h
s lk
s a h;
q a Ndckhl >k;j
a hd
mj;'S ld,h t=0 oS m;f = ,ys lv = d iÿsrla idod kh s ; jk ùÿre j,k s a idod we;s lv= d ùÿre fnd,
a j,k s a mr
q jd we;'
i> S ;
% djhlks a Ndckh ;< = g c,h .,d tu a g i,ij a kq ,nk ùÿre fnd,a j, iïm¾ Q K ila kO a h M kï Ndckh ;, = we;s
w;r" Ndckh kh s ; mf % õ.hlk s a .f s ,'a ld,h t jk úg jd;fha (yis a wjldYh) Nd.l s mßudj jkf a k,a
Ndckh ;< = iy bka mg s ; c, uÜgïj, Wfiys fjki h1 o
mgs ; c, uÜgu iy Ndckfhys lfgys Wi w;r" fjki h2 (1) M/dv (2) 1-M/dv (3) 1-MV/d
o kï" Ndckh iïm¾ Q Kfhku a .fs ,k ;r = e ld,h (t) iuÕ (4) dv/M (5) d/MV
h1ydh2 iuÕ kr s EmKh lrkq ,nkf a k,a (2011-Old-05)
h1 ,h2 h1 ,h2 h1 ,h2
h2 155. lv
= d fmdlK
= l mdfjñka mj;k
s fndÜ
a gj
q l iá
s k ñkf
s ila
h2 h2
th ;, = we;s my; iòyka wh; s u jrlg tl ne.k s a
fmdlK = g úis lrh's tla tla wh; s uh úis l< miq
h1 h1 h1
0 t 0 t 0 t fmdlf= Kys c, uÜgfï fjkia ùu my; iòyka lu = la
0
^1&
0
^2&
0
^3& u.k
s a kjs erÈj kr
s EmKh lrhos@
h1 ,h2 h1 ,h2 úis lrk ,o wh;s uh: úis lrk ,o wh; s uh: úis lrk ,o wh;s uh:
c,h jvd wvq >k;j a hla c,h ,gS ¾ 20 la nr f,dy
a kex.r
= ula
iy;s bá lene,,
a la
h2 h2
(1) c, uÜgu : by< hhs by< hhs fjkia fkdù mj;S
(2) c, uÜgu : my< hhs my< hhs by< hhs
h1 h1
0 t 0 t c, uÜgu : fjkia fkdù mj;S my< hhs
0 0 (2008-56) (3) fjkia fkdù mj;S
^4& ^5&
(4) c, uÜgu : by< hhs fjkia fkdù mj;S my< hhs
c, uÜgu :
152. rEmfha fmkj
a d we;s mßos gexlh
s la ;<
= we;s c,h" tl (5) fjkia fkdù mj;S fjkia fkdù mj;S by< hhs
tflys mßudj u0 jQ i¾jiu lv = d jdhq nn
q ¿q u.ks a tl a dldrj
(2011-Old-47)
nnq , q kh lrkq ,efí' il a kO a h M iy mßudj V jQ
f.d, a hla tys mDIG
a h u; jdhq nn q ¿
q tl;a rd ixLHdjla /oS 156. mßudj V iy il
a kO
a h M0 jk ;k
= S ì;;
a h
s lk
s a h;
q a yi
s a
mej;u S fy; a f
= ldgf.k fmkj a d we;s mßos c,h ;< = Ndchla ùÿre iy jdfkA fnd, A n ixLHdjlk s a mr
q jd we;s
mdfjñka mj;'S c,fha >k;j a h dw iy tu f.d, a h c,h w;r thk s a x mu
% dKhla ùÿre fnd,
A fõ. Ms iy Mg hkq
;< = mdfjñka ;nd .eku S i|yd /|S mej;h s h;q = wju jdhq m<
s f
s j,k
s a jdfkA fnd,A hl iy ùÿre fnd, A hl il a kOa h
nn
q ¿ q ixLHdj n kï” kï fnd, A iy; s NdckfhA iM, >k;j a h jkfq h"A
M - Vdw
(1) n= (2) n>M - Vdw (1) nMg + xMS +MO (2) Mg + (n-x) +MS
u0dw u0dw
nV V
M - Vdw ud
(3) n< (4) n > 0 w
u0dw M - Vdw (3) xMg + (n-x)MS +MO (4) xMg + (n-x)(MS +MO)
ud nV V
(5) n< 0 w
M - Vdw xMg + (n-x) +MS + M0
(2009-53) (5) (2011-14)
nV
153. rEmfhA fmkj

a d we;s mßÈ ,S >klhla
157. A iy B øj foll >k;a j h
c, îlrhl mdfjñka mj;.S ld,h ixikO a kh lÍ s ug Ndú;d lrkq
t=0 § kYs pa ,;djfhA ig
s îlrh my< ,nk fyhd¾ WmlrKhla (a)
ÈYdjg kh s ; ;j
a rKhlk s a p,kh
rEmfhA olja d we;. 1 ig s 5 f;la rEm
ùu wrUh¡s ld,h t iuÕ >klfhys igyka j, fmkj a d we;s wdldrhg
c,fhA .¨ s Kq fldgfiA mßudj V ys fyhd¾ WmlrKfhA ndyq msysgqï A B
úp,kh jvd;a u fyd|k s a krs EmKh fjkia lr tu mÍËKh u
lrkf a k,A l<fyd;a lk s ï rEmigyk uÕk s a A rEmh
V V V kjs erÈj øj uÜgï olj a hs o@
o t oo t oo t B
o A A
A B B
^1& ^2& ^3&
V V ^1& ^2& ^3&
o A B
o t oo t A
B
^4& ^5& (2010-33) ^4& ^5&
(2011-37)

25
158. tl;
a rd ji;
a j
= la c,fha ;enQ úg tys mßudfjka 75% la .,
s S 163.rEmfha fmkj
a d we;s mßÈ il
a kO
a h M iy Wi h0 jQ tl
a dldr
mdfõ' c,fha >k;j
a h fuka 1.5 .K= hl >k;ja hla we;s iDcf q ldK a did%ldr yril a vla iy; s Ndckhla ;< = >k;j a h
fjk;a øjhl th ;enj q fyd;a .f
s ,k mßudfõ m;% Y
s ;h roil iy il a kO a h m jQ li s hs ï f;,a mu% dKhla wvx.= ù we;'
jkfa k,a Ndckh" >k;j a h rw(roil) jQ c,fha h1 Wila olj a d irs ia j .,s S
md fõ' oeka f;f,ys li s hs ï mßudjla ta yd iudk c,
(1) 30% (2) 45% (3) 50% (4) 60% (5) 65% mßudjlk s a m; % i s :a dmkh lrkq ,efí' Ndckfha md ùu
(2012-Old-12) mj;j a d .kñ s ka m; % i s :
a dmkh l< yels Wmßu f;,a mßudj v
159. >k;j
a hka d1,d2 yd d3 jk øj ;k
= l iudk il
a kO
a tlg kï o" u, q ks a ;n s Q f;,a mßudj v0 kï" v/v0 wkm q d;h fokq
tl;= lrk ,§¡ li s h
s ï fydA wdldrhl fjkia ùula ,nkf a k"a ^lh s% dj,h s wjidkfha § Ndckh ;, = u hï f;,a
iÿsfkdù øj ñY% jf
Q hA kï ixhl
q ;
a øjfhA >k;j
a h jkf
a k"A mu
% dKhla b;ß s ù we;eZ hs Wml,m a kh lrkka &.
d1d2d3
^1& d1+d2+d3 ^2& ^1&
(h0 -h1) (M +m) roil
3 3 h1m (rw - roil)
^3& 3d1d2d3
^4& 1 2+d2d3+d3d1
d d
d1d2+d2d3+d3d1 h0 (M -m) roil
3 ^2& h m (r - r )
1 w oil
d d d3 h1 f;,A h2
^5& d d +d1 d2 +d d
1 2 2 3 3 1 h1 rw
(2012-19) ^3&
h0 roil
160.riÈh nefrdó
a frhl ;k
= S ì;;
a s iy;
s ùÿre k,fha nr 1N
jk w;r" th ;, = wvx.= riÈh mu
% dKfha nr 10N fõ' (h0 -h1) (M -m) roil h0 (M -m) roil
^4& ^5&
fmkja d we;s mßÈ k,h ÿkq ;rdÈhla u.k
s a Wi,
q df.k ià
s ' h0m (rw + roil) M(h0 + h1)(rw + roil)
;rdÈfha mdGdxlh jkf a k,a (2015-45)
164.wrh R jQ >k f.d, a hlk s a fldgila
(1) 0 lmd bj;a lr idod .kk a d ,o" >k
(2) 1N ji;a j = la rEmfha olj a d we;s mßÈ
(3) 9N gexls h l m;= f ,a ;nd we;'
(4) 10N f.d, a fha flk a øafha ig s gexlfs ha h R
l
(5) 11N m;, = g we;s ÿr l fõ' oeka gexlh s
fifuka c,fhka mr q jkq ,efí'
(2013-Old-36) >k ji; a f
= õ m;, = f;la fkdjk f,i th gexlf s ha m;, = g
iúlr we;s nj Wml,m a kh lrkk a ' c,h u.ks a ji; a j
= u;
161. il
a kO
a h M jQ iy me;;
a l È. 2x jQ >k m,
a diá
a la
>klhla tys me;; a l Èf.ys w¾Ohla ., s S mj;k s fia fhdok F Wvl q r= e irs ia n,h c,fha h Wi iu`. fjkia jk
rEmfha fmkja d we;s mßÈ c,fha mdfõ' fuu >klh ±ka wdldrh jvd;a fyd`Èka kr s EmKh lrkq ,nkf a k,a
F F
il
a kOa h M joQ ndyr s me;;
a l È. 8x joQ we;< = ; yis a F
>klhla njg mßj¾;kh l<fyd;a th c,h ;< = .fs ,k
.eUr
q jkfa k"a 2x
0 h 0 h 0 h
l 2l l +R l 2l l +R l 2l l +R
F F
(1) (2) (3)
x
0 hh 0
l 2l l +R l 2l l +R
^1& x/2 ^2& x/4 ^3& x/8 (4) (5) (2015-50)
^4& x/16 ^5& x/32
3
(2014-11) 165.ùÿrejl we;s mßudj 500cm jQ kejï q fodvï ødjKhl
m;f = ,a fodvï weg ij a ,m a hla we;' ik S S .?a ï 10l mu % dKhla
162.rEmfha fmkj
a d we;s mßos h1ydh2 Wilg ødjKfhys Èh l< úg" fodvï weg hk; a ñka ødjKfhys
mr
q jk ,o ñY% fkdjk øj folla m;f = ,a mdùug mgka .kk a d nj kÍ s lI a Kh lrk ,§' ik S s
i,s ks v
a rhla ;, = we;' ld,h t=0 § tl;= lÍ s u ki s d ødjKfhys mßudj fjkia fkdjk nj
m;f = ,ys T lrduh újD; lr kh s ; Wml,m a Kh lrkk a ' ik S s tl;= lÍ s ug fmr fodvï
mßud i> S ;
% djhlk s a øj fiñka bj;g ødjKfha >k;j a h 1000kgm-3 jf Q ha kï fodvï wegj,
.;fyd;a øj ki s d i,s k
s v
a rfhys m;,= >k;j a h (kgm-3j,k s )a wdikk a jYfhka iudk jkf q h,a
B ,lI a Hfha mvS kh (P) ld,h (t) iu. (1)1020 (2)1040 (3)1060 (4)1080 (5)1100
úp,kh jvd;a fyd`Èka ksrEmKh
(2016-31)
lrkq ,nkf a k,a 3
166. mßudj 1m iy >k;j a h 8x103kgm-3 jQ >k f,dy a lÜ = áhla
jejl m;f = ,ys kY s pa ,j mj;'S lÜ = áh jefjys m;f = ,ys
hk; a ñka mdlÍ s ug rEmfha fmkj a d we;s mßos thg iú l<
h;q = y, S hs ï mr q jk ,o ne¨khl mßudj fldmuKo@
yE,h s ï iu. ne¨kfha il a kOa h fkdi<ld yßkk a .
(c,fha >k;j a h =1x103kgm-3).
(1) 7m-3 (2) 8m-3

(3) 70m-3 (4) 80m-3
(5) 700m-3
(2014-40) (2017-13)
26
167. úYd, j.r
= e ìula u; ñki
s d úik
s a we;s lrk ,o úYd, 170. c,fha mdfjk iDcf
q ldK
a did%ldr ,S lÜ
= áh;a u; f,dy
a
lK= q lkoal fldgila lI a Kls j lvd jeà ., s S hdu ki s d ta lene,,
a la iú lr we;' rEmfha ±lf a jk mßos ,S lÜ = áfha
wdikk a fha j.r = e ìu u; f.dvk.k ,o kj s di by<g mßudfjka 50% la c,fha ., s S we;' f,dya lene,, a g iy ,S
tiùula iÿs úh. kj s di by<g tiùu f;r a eï .eku S g Tn lÜ
= áhg iudk il a kOa we;' f,dy a lene,, a iy;
s ,S lÜ = áh
úik s a wOHhkh l< my; § we;s fN!;l s úoHd u< Q O¾u Wv hg udrejk f,i yerjf Q ha kï" ,S lÜ= áfha mßudfjka
w;ß = ka lu
= la jvd;u a iÿqioq@ c,h ;,= .,s S hk m;% Y
s ;h lu = la úh yelos@
(1) 50% g jvd iaj,amhla wvqfjka.

(2) 50% g jvd b;d wvqfjka.
(1) bms¨ï uQ<O¾uh. (3) 50%.
(4) 50% g jvd iaj,amhla jeäfhka.
(2) .uH;d ixiaÓ;s uQ<O¾uh.
(5) 50% g jvd b;d jeäfhka.
(3) wdlsñäia uQ<O¾uh.
(2019-38)
(4) meial,a uQ<O¾uh.
(5) >Q¾K uQ<O¾uh. (2017-31) 171. rEmfha fmkj
a d we;s mßÈ U k<hl ndyq folg c,h iy
fmd,f a ;,a j;f a ldg we;' c, - f;,a w;r = e uyq K
q ; ir s ij a
168. by<k
s a újD;j mj;k
s A,B iy C gexls ;k
= la wdrïNfha § k<fha uOHfha my s g
s d we;s nj Wml,ma kh lrkk a ' ^rw =
rEmfha fmkja d we;s uÜgï j,g c,fhka mr q jd we;' tj
a d c,fha >k;j a h" rO = fmd,f a ;,j
a , >k;j a h& fï wji: a dj
iÓa ;l
s ;;;
a ja fhÈh yels ìyf s odrlg b;d wvq fõ.hlk s a m<
s n
s ò my; ml % dYk i<ld n,kk a '
c,h imhh's V1 ydV2 lmdg fol" lmdghg by<k s a mj;ks fmd,af;,a
mv
S kh lmdghg my<k s a mj;ks mvS khg jvd jeä jQ úg c,h
my<g muKla c,h .,d hdug bvfoh's
h4
rEmfha olj a d we;s wdrïNl h3
h2
;;; a j
a iy; s j moO a ;h
s lh s% d h1
lrùug ie<eia jQ úg moO a ;f
s ha
bkls ì a ;s lh
s% dldß;j a h jvd;u a
fyd`Èka úia;r flfrkafka ··
my; lu = k ml % dY fhkoa@
P Q
(1) ìyfs odr ;, = k s a c,h .e,u S g C muKla odhl fõ.
(2) ìyf s odr ;, = k s a c,h .e,u S g" wdrïNfh§a C odhl ùu (A) P ,laIHfha mSvkh = Q ,laIHfha mSvkh
mgka .kk a d w;r" bka miq Bo" Bg;a mij q Ao" odhl fõ. (B) h1rw= h2ro
(3) ìyf s odr ;, = k s a c,h .e,u S g" wdrïNfh§a A odhl ùu (C) h3rw= h4ro
mgka .kk a d w;r" bka miq Bo" Bg;a mij q Ao" odhl fõ.
(4) gexls ;k = li s u
s úfgl tlj a r ìyfs odr ;, = k
s a c,h (1) (A) muKla i;H fõ'
.e,u S g wdhl;j a h fkdolj a h.s (2) (B) muKla i;H fõ'
(5) wdrïNfha § gexls ;k = u ìyf s odr ;,
= ks a c,h .e,u S g (3) (A) iy (B) muKla i;H fõ'
odhl jk w;r jeäu odhl;j a h C f.ka ,efí. (4) (B) iy (C) muKla i;H fõ'
(2018-29) (5) (A), (B) iy (C) hk ish,a,u i;H fõ'
(2020-20)
169. rEmfha fmkj
a d we;f
a ;a tlu øjHhfhka idok ,o i¾jiu
udk iy; s tla dldr ,> S kl ;k = la iy i¾jiu tl a dldr
f,dy
a >kl ;k = la fhdod .kñ s ka idok ,o (A),(B)yd(C)
NOTES
ji;
a = ;k
= l's (A)yd(B) ys f,dy a >kl m< s f
s j,k s a ,S >klj,
Wvg iy hgg w,jd we;' (C) ys f,dy a >klh rEmfha
fmfkk mßos ,S >klh ;, = Tínjd we;.(A),(B)yd(C)
ji;
a = ;k= ±ka tj a dfha ÈYdk;h s fjkia fkdjk fia fiñka
my;a lr c, ;gdlhl ir s ij a mdùug i<ij a kq ,efí' ,S
>kl c,h ;, = g ., s S we;s .eUr q m<
s f
s j,k s ,a (HA,HBydHC)
kï my; iïnkO a ;d j,k s a lu= la i;H fõo@
(1) HA>HB>HC
(2) HA=HB>HC
(3) HA=HB=HC
(4) HC>HB>HA
(5) HA>HC>HB
(2018-47)

27
mi.qhs úNd. rpkd wNHdi ^¸& fuu Ndckh uy q oqg oeuQ úg th

172. ;<= ir
s jk jd; mu % dKh 2 m2 nj
(a)wdlñ s äif
a .a u, Q O¾uh i|yka lr øjj, idfml a I
a >k;j
a h fidhd .kakd ,§' tu jd; P
k¾s Kh lÍ s u i|yd tys u,
Q O¾u flfia mf
% hdc
a khg .; yels mßudfjka 1/10 la uy q ÿq uÜgug
oehs meyeo, s s lrkka . by<ks a my
s g
s k wdldrhg fuu
Ndckh rEmfha fmkj a d we;s mßÈ mdfõ' Ndckh iy tys
(b)idfml a Ia >k;j a h d1 jQ ,S >klhla c,fhys bmfs ,h.s mv
S kh
ki
s d >kfha uy q K
q ;a yh u; lh s% d lrk ihs ¿ n, j, wvx.= oE ys il
a kO a h .Kkh lrkk a '
-3
iïmh% lq ;a h >kh u.k s a úi:a dmkh l< c,fhys nrg iudk ^c,fha >k;j a h=1000 kg m &
nj fmkj a kk
a .
^¸¸& mi
s ga kfha yril a v lf a I;
a M% ,h 0.75 m2 kï" Ndckh
(c)>k;ja h d2 jQ i¾jiu udk iy; s fojk >klhla m<uq uyq fq oa .,
s ù
a u i|yd th ;< = c, uÜgu hg;a mß s fihk
s a
>klh u; ;enQ úg m<uq >klfha by< mDIG a h hï;ï fld;rï mu % dKhlks a by< oeñh h; q = o@
.f
s ,k f,i bmf s ,h.s d2=1-d1nj fmkajkak.
(1982) ^¸¸¸& uy
q ÿq m;f a ,a § Ndckh ;<
= kos¾Yl .nvd lÍ s fuka miq
173. th by<g .uka lrùu i|yd hg;a mß s ihks a c,h 0.05
â& wdlñ s äia u, Q O¾uh i|yka lrkk a ' m3 mu % dKhla Ndckfhka bj;a l< h; q = nj fidhd
.kk a d ,§' tl;= lr .kk a d ,o kos¾Yl j, il a kOa h
^b& >k;j a h 850 kg m-3 jk m, a diáa la øjHhlk s a ;ekQ 20 cm È. .Kkh lrkk a '
i,s k
s va rhl wCIh Èf.a wrh 1 cm jk i, s ks va rdldr iÿsrla
u¿
q È.gu ;f s í' >k;j a h 1000 kg m-3 jk c,h u; fï ^¸¹& uy
q oq 500 m .eUrq e kï Ndckh uy q ÿq uÜgu olj a d
i,s k
s va rh wCIh ir s ij
a iás k fia mdfõ' i, s ks va rh c,fha .,s S by<g .uka lrùu i|yd mi s g
a kh u; l< h; q = wju
we;s fldgfia Wi .Kkh lrkk a ' ld¾hh mu % dKh .Kkh lrkk a ' ÿii a d%ù n,mEï
fkdi,ld yßkk a '
^c& >k;j a h 800 kg m-3 f;,la ih s ï q f,i iÿsrg j;a l< fyd;"a
(1991-02)
uÿqk f;la iÿsr mr s ùug wjYH jk f;,a mßudj fidhkk a '
176. wdló
s äia u,
Q O¾uh ,h
s d olj
a kk
a .
(1986-01(a))
2
tl
a dldr i, s k s va rdldr ji;a j= la øjhla ;<
= ir s ia w;g jvd
174. yril
a v lf
a I;
a M
% ,h 1 cm jQ ;r s ija md lÍ s u myiq jkf a ka ukoaehs myod fokk a ' th
ta l dldr U nghla ;= < ñY % C irs ija md lÍ s ug ie,eiú a h yelf a la flfia o@
fkdjk X iy Y øj folla we;'
rEm igyfka olj a d we;s mßÈ AB X Y
A B tjeks i,
s k
s va rhla Ndú;d lr .kñ s ka øjhl idfmCaI
;r s ia f¾Ldjg idfmCaIj X iy Y >k;ja h k¾s Kh lrkf a ka flfioaehs myod fokk
a .
øj l|ka j, Wi m< s f
s j<k s a 20 cm
yd 16cmfõ' Yys >k;j a h 1000 x z y
kgm-3 kï X ys >k;j a h .Kkh
lrkk a .
my; i|yka tla tla wji: a dfõ § AB f¾Ldjg idfmCaIj

øj foflys w;r = e uy q Kq ; my s j
s k i:
a dkfha fjkia ùu
.Kkh lrkk a .
^¸& Y øjfhka ;j;a 6cm3 l mßudjla U ngfha olK = q rEmfha fmkj a d we;s mßÈ c, ;eáhla X iy Y ÿkq ;rdÈ
ndyj
q ;<= g j;l a < úg"
folla u.k s a t,, a d we;' m; s ; a , lÜ = áhla Z kï jQ f;jks
^¸¸& Y øjh fjkj q g X øjfhka ;j;a 6 cm3 l mßudjla U
ngfha jï ndyj q ;< = g j;la < úg" ÿkq ;rdÈhla u.k s a t,, a d we;' X iy Y tl tflys
mdGdxlh 1 kg jk w;r Z ys mdGdxlh 1.2 kg fõ' m; s ; a ,
by; rEmfha fmkj a d we;s wdldrhgu øj uÜgï mys g s d we;s lÜ = áhg wE|d we;s ;k; a j
= È.k s a jeä lrñka leä bß j,k s a
wji: a djl" C wCIfha ig s mgka f.k ngfha by< mf % oYa hg fmkj a d we;s mßÈ lÜ = áh c,h ;< = iïm¾ Q Kfhka .,s ja Q úg
.uka lrk mm s Í
s ulk s a X øjh fifuka mgs ;g ldkÿa jk Z ys mdGdxlh 0.8 kg fõ' X yd Y ys kj mdGdxl fidhkk a '
njo" túg w;r = e uyq Kq ; by<g .uka lrk nj o kÍ s CIKh m;
s ; a , idod we;f a ;a >k;j a h 9´103 kgm-3 jk ;U yd
lrk ,§' ldkÿa ùu wjika jQ miq AB g idfmCaIj w;r = e
uy
q K
q f;a mys à
s u fidhkk a ' >k;j a h 7´103 kgm-3 jk ik s la ja ,ks a kï lÜ = áfha we;s
(1989-02) iks l a a j, il a kO a h fidhkk a ' c,fha >k;j a h 103 kgm-3
fõ'
175. wdlsóäia uQ,O¾uh ,shd olajkak.
(1993-02)
rEmfha fmkj a d we;s mßÈ hdk; a l
%s j lh %s d lrk ^P& 177.
mi
s g
a khla újD; fl<jrg iú lrk ,o ;k = S ì;;a s iy; s
úYd, i,s ks va rdldr Ndckhl"a kos¾Yl (specimens) tl;= (a) ysia fndaÜgqjla tys mßudfjka 10% la Èh hg isák fia .s,S
lrkq jia ñkf s il= uy q ÿq m;,a fj; heùu i|yd Ndú;d md fjk w;r" thg 1200 kg l nrla megjQ úg Èfha .s,S
lrkq ,efí' mi s g
a kh by<g fyda my<g f.k tf a uka we;s mßudj uq¨ mßudfjka 70% la olajd jeä fõ'
Ndckh ;< = c, uÜgu fjkia l< yelh s ' wNHk; a r jd;h
fmdïm lÍ s fï moO a ;h s la u.ks a Ndckh ;< = jd;fha mv S kh (1) ysia fndaÜgqfõ ialkaOh .Kkh lrkak.
iEu úgu jdhf q .d, a h
S mv S kh mj;j a d.kq ,efí'

28
(2)1200kg nrla mgjk ,o fndÜ a gf

q jys ldkÿaùula yg ^¸¸& F = 10 N kï"
â& mO% dk fmdïmfha ^P1& mi
s g
a kh u; fhfok n,h
.eku S kis d th ;<
= g úkdählg 100 kg kh s ; îdudkH& fldmuK o@ wjYH ÿr mu % dKhka rEmfha ,lK
= q
Y>
S ;
% djlk s a c,h we;,= a ùug mgka .;f a ;a kï l| s d fldg we;'
neiuS g fmr th fldmuK ld,hla mdfõ o@
^b& ^P1& mO
% dk mis g
a kh u.k s a frdO
a l øjh u;
(3)Èfha .¨s k fndÜa gj
q ^Ndrh ry; s j& c, uÜgu olj a d fhfok mv S kh meil
a ,a j,k
s a .Kkh lrkka '
tiùug wjYH wju n,h lu = la o@ fndÜ
a gj
q idod we;s
øjHfha uOHkH >k;j a h 2500 kgm-3 jk w;r c,fha ^c& ^P2& oúa ;h
S l
s mis g
a k u; we;s jk mv
S kh kis d
-3 frdOa l we;ßs u; we;js k n,h .Kkh lrkka '
>k;j a h 1000 kgm fõ.
^d& frdO a l we;ß
s yd frdoah w;r mj;k s .;l s >¾IK
(4)w¨;j a eähd lrk ,o fndÜ a gj
q fjk;a 1200 kg Ndrhla ix.K = lh 0.5 kï frdoah u; frdO a l we;ßs
mgjdf.k hd;d% lrk w;f¾ § yÈif s hu
a lv
= d jdhq nn
q ¨q f;rmS we;s úg tla tla we;ß s h uÕks a frdoah u;
tl
a dldrj ñY% ù we;s c,h iy; s mf
% oY
a hlg wj;r S K úh' lhs% d lrk >¾IK n,h .Kkh lrkk a '
jdhq nn q ,q l mßudfõ idudkH w.h 1mm3 o jdhq nn q ¨q
idkøaKh 3.5´108m-3o kï c,fha iM, >k;j a h .Kkh ^¸¸¸& frdOa l fh§ug fmr frdoah ñk; s ;
a j= lg mßNu % K 600
lks a kosyfia Nu% Kh fjñka mej;‚ = ' frdoafha Nu % K
lrkk a ' jd;fha il a kO
a h fkdi,ld yßkk a ' tkhk s a
wCIfha ig s >¾IK n,fha lh %s d f¾Ldjg we;s ÿr 5 cm
fndÜa gj q .,s S hk nj fmkja kk a . kï by; F=10 N wdldrhg frdO a l fh¥ miq frdoah
kej;u S g fldmuK fõ,djla .;fõ o@ Nu % K wCIh
(5)by; ^¸¹& ixiosê a h fhdod .kñ s ka my; i|yka lh%s dfõ jgd frdoafha wjiÓ a ;s >¾Q Kh 0.1 kg m2 fõ' p,; s h
Nhdkllu meyeÈ,s lrkk a ' ‘Wia Èh we,,
a la mdu, q mr
q du >¾IK n,h kh s ;j mj;S hehs Wml,m a kh
.eUr
q e c, ;gdlhla iE§ we;' wfhla Èh we,, a mdu, q lrkk a ' kis ,;djh meñŒug fmr frdoah fldmuK
wi,g my s k
s d hEu wrUh!s Z jg ixLHdjla lrlefõ o@ ^p = 3 f,i .kk a '&
(1997-02 (a))
(2007 - 01)
178. Nu
% Kh jk frdoahla keje;ù
a u i|yd Ndú; l< yels ødj
frdOa l ^;ß s x.& moO a ;h s la (hydraulic braking system) NOTES
rEmfhka fmkj a d we;' ^B& frdO a l mdÈlhg ^fmv,h"
pedal& ,ïNj F n,hla fhdokq ,efí' rEmfha fmkj a d we;s
mßÈ mdÈlh" lvodih s g ,ïnj Â& yryd we;s wp, wCIh
jgd kosyfia Nu % Kh jk w;r tu.k s a ^M& mO % dk
fmdïmfha (master pump) ^P1& mi s g a kh u; ,ïnj n,hla
fh§ug i,ij a h's ta fy; a f= jka ck; s jk mv S kh frdO a l
øjH (brake fluid) u.k s a ^S& oúa ;h S l s fmdïmj, we;s
i¾jiu ^P2& mi s ga k fol lrd iïfmI a% Kh lrh's túg tu
mi
s g
a kj,g iïnkO a fldg we;s frdO a l we;Í s ^L& (barke
pads) lv = d ÿrla .uka fldg Nu % Kh jk frdoafha fome;; a
u; f;rfm'a frdO a l øjh wiïmv S H hehs Wml,m a kh
2
lrkk a ' ^P1& mO % dk mi s ga kfha yril a v j¾.M,h 1 cm jk
2
w;r ^P2& oú a ;h S l s mi s g a kfha yril a v j¾.M,h 3 cm fõ'
m%Odk oaú;shsl
fmdïmh (M) fmdïm (S)
(A) frdaOl
wCIh øjH
5 cm
msiagkh
20 cm
frdaOl
(P1) we;sß (L) msiagkh
(P2)
F
frdaOl mdÈlh (B)
frdaoh
^¸& fuu lh%s dj,f

s ha § mO
% dk mis ga khg tl; a rd n,hla
fh¥ úg th 0.6 cm ÿrla olK = q me;; a g .uka lrh's
tfia kï tla ^L& frdO a l we;ß s hla fldmuK ÿrlg
p,kh fõo@

29
nyqjrK wNHdi ms<s;=re WORD GUIDE
(01) 05 (02) 04 (03) 05 (04) 02 (05) 03 Hydrostatics

(06) 02 (07) 01 (08) 04 (09) 02 (10) 02 øjiÓa ;hs
(11) 02 (12) 02 (13) 03 (14) 04 (15) 04
(16) 04 (17) 02 (18) 05 (19) 04 (20) 01 kY
s p
a ,j At rest
(21) 03 (22) 03 (23) 03 (24) 03 (25) 04
(26) 01 (27) 03 (28) 03 (29) 04 (30) 02 ;r, fluids
(31) 04 (32) 04 (33) 04 (34) 04 (35) 01 øj liquids
(36) 02 (37) 04 (38) 01 (39) 03 (40) 03
(41) 01 (42) 03 (43) 03 (44) 05 (45) 03 mod¾:h matter
(46) 01 (47) 05 (48) 03 (49) 04 (50) 05
mDIG
A h surface
(51) 02 (52) 01 (53) 02 (54) 02 (55) 04
(56) 02 (57) 02 (58) 03 (59) 04 (60) 02 mv
S kh pressure
(61) 02 (62) 04 (63) 04 (64) 05 (65) 05
(66) 05 (67) 01 (68) 02 (69) 03 il
a kO
a h mass
(95) 03 (96) 05 (97) 01 (98) 03 (99) 01
(100)04 (101)02 (102)02 (103)03 (104)05 nr weight
(105)01 (106)04 (107)05 (108)02 (109)04 mßudj volume
(110)03 (111)03 (112)02 (113)02 (114)03
>k;j
a h density
(115)04 (116)04 (117)02 (118)02 (119)02
(120)03 (121)05 (122)02 (123)02 (124)03 idfml
a I
a >k;j
a h relative density
(125)03 (126)05 (127)02 (128)02 (129)01
(130)04 (131)04 (132)04 (133)01 (134)04 iucd;h
S ;r, homogeneous dluids
(135)01 (136)02 (137)04 (138)05 (139)05
(140)01 (141)01 (142)05 (143)01 (144)03 úIucd;h
S ;r, heterogeneous fluids
(145)02 (146)02 (147)01 (148)02 (149)04
ñYK
% mixtures
(150)03 (151)02 (152)02 (153)01 (154)02
(155)03 (156)05 (157)02 (158)03 (159)03 Wvl
q r
= e f;rmu
q upthrust
(160)05 (161)04 (162)02 (163)01 (164)05
(165)01 (166)01 (167)04 (168)02 (169)05 ,ïNl n,h perpendicular force
(170)01 (171)03
NOTES
NOTES

30
TH
WORK plan for 09 week

DAY PAPERS 058 - 063
PAPER MCQ/ESSAY PAST PAPERS

DAY 2 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,70,71,72,73 95,96,97,98,99,100,101,
PAPER -058 102,103,104,105,172
DAY 3 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,74,75, 106,107,108,109,110,

PAPER -059 76,77 111,112,113,114,115,
116,173
DAY 4 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,78,79, 117,118,119,120,121,

PAPER -060 80,81 122,123,124,125,126,
127,174
DAY 5 31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,82,83, 128,129,130,131,132,

PAPER - 061 84,85 133,134,135,136,137,
138,175
DAY 6 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,86,87, 139,140,141,142,143,

PAPER - 062 88,89 144,145,146,147,148,
149,176
DAY 7 51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,90,91, 150,151,152,153,154,

PAPER -063 92 155,156,157,158,159,
160,177
61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,93,94 161,162,163,164,165,
MIX 166,167,168,169,170,
EXERCISE
171,178

31

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øjiÓ

øjhka lsysmhla tl;= lr idokq ,nk ñY%Khl iM,

iM, >k;ajh ^r& wji:

Î& îi& îi& >k;j

m+m ρ1v+ρ2v ^V1,m1,r1& n|

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

n,h (F) jdhqf.da, mSvkh o i,lk ,o úg wod, ,laIHfha uq¿

tall Nm-2/Pa udk ML-1T-2 L

· mSvkh hkq iuid¾jÈY rdYshls'

fï wkqj" iM, FjrKh øjiaÓ;sl mSvkh i`oyd

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

1' .eUqr h iu`. øjiaÓ;sl P ys úp,kh P

2' h iu`. ksrfmalaI P ys úp,kh meial,a f.a mSvk iïfma%IK uQ,O¾uh

^i& ødj celal=j a A

· ndyq fol wiudk uÜgïj, msysáfha kï øjiaÓ;sl W;ama,djl;d flakaøh

øjiaÓ;sl mSvkhla ksid we;sjk F1 yd F2 n,hkaf.a · th olaIsKdj¾;j u`ola lerl+ úg"

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

\ whsia Èhùu ksid c, uÜgu wvqjk m%udKh;a

mg = vrg · n`ÿkla ;=< ne`§ we;s whsia lene,a, Èh jk úg" md

whsia lene,a, iïmQ¾Kfhkau .s,ajd we;' th Èhù

W1 > W2 > W3 f,i ialkaOh wvq fõ'

kuq;a m;=, u; n,hka iudkhs tu w.h

tkï wiudkH yevhka iys; øjhla i`oyd mod¾:

· iudldr n`ÿklg fuh wod, fkdfõ'

øjhl mdfjk whsia l=Üáhla Èhùu

Ndckhla ;=< h olajd c,h we;ehs is;uq' fuhg whsia

· c,hg jvd >k;ajh wvq øjhl whsia lene,a, mdfõ' whsia

øjiaÓ;sl uQ,O¾u Ndú;d jk wjia:d (-

^i& U k< mÍlaIKh

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

P isg Q foig hdfï§ mSvkh jeäfõ' fuys §" hrg g

(1) yd (2) ka"

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

.h" 2020 wf.daia;=

nyjqrK wNHdi 07. >k;j

^1& 1600 N ^2& 16000 N ^3& 16 N

^1& 40 kg ^2& 4 kg ^3& 20 kg

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

12. my; rEmfha olj

13. P ys mSvkh jkqfha" ^øjfha >K;ajh = ρ&

(1) PA = π fõ' jdhqj

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

^4& 1.8 gcm-3 5

25. u k<fhys ndyq foflys tlf

^1& a muK's ^2& b muK's ^3& a, b muK's

Y (1) 10 cm2 (2) 4 cm2 (3) 2 cm2

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

31. tlu >k;j

^1& 2.4 ^1& A, B muK's ^2& B, C muK's ^3& A, C muK's

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

38. fuu rEmfha fmkj

1 rEmh 2 rEmh c,h c,h riÈh fmd,af;,a

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

(3) (4) (5)

(3) (4) (5)

(A) whsia muKla mj;sk úg"

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

59. >k;ajh r1 yd r2 jQ (r2 >r1) jQ ñY% fkdjk øj folla

(1) a(a2rg+K) (2) a(arg+2K) (3) a((arg/2)+K)

Advanced Level PHYSICS Dr. Darshana Ukuwela

rpkd wNHdi 74. rEmfha ±lf

(i) >klh .,s S fkdue;s úg

79. >klu 1 m jk whi