Binomial Nomenclature

Developed by
Carolus Linnaeus
Two-name system:
• First name is the
organism’s genus
• Second name is the
organism’s species
 What rules are
used to write
scientific names?
• The first letter of the genus is
ALWAYS capitalized
• The first letter of the species is
NEVER capitalized
• Scientific names of organisms
are always italicized or
underlined
• E.g : Homo sapiens, Rana
tigrina, Brassica campestris
Major Groups Of
Living
Organisms
Whittaker’s Scheme
 Kingdom
Monera
It includes prokaryotes which feed by a
variety of different methods
 Kingdom
Protista
It includes unicellular eukaryotes which
feed by a variety of methods
 Kingdom
Fungi
It includes multicellular eukaryotes which
feed heterotrophically by absorption
 Kingdom
Plantae
It includes multicellular eukaryotes which
feed photosynthetically
 Kingdom
Animalia
It includes multicellular eukaryotes which
feed heterotrophically by ingestion
Five Kingdom Classification by
Margulis and Schwartz
 Kingdom Prokaryotae
It includes all the prokaryotes, e.g.
bacteria and cyanobacteria

Bacteria

Cyanobacteria
 Kingdom Protoctista
It includes all eukaryotes which
are no longer classified as
animal, plant or fungi

Paramecium Euglena Chlamydomonas

 Summary
• There are uncountable forms of life ranging from VIRUS
to the most highly evolved and complex life in the form
of human-beings.
• The scientific study which deals with the classification of
living organisms is called Taxonomy.
• The basic unit of biological classification is the specie.
• Closely related species are grouped together into genera.
• Linnaeus’s system of naming give each species a
scientific name comprising two words is known as
binomial nomenclature.
• Living organisms are classified into five kingdoms.
Thank
You