Coandă Effect - Wikipedia

Coandă effect - Wikipedia 2023. 5. 22.
15:50
Coandă effect
The Coandă effect (/ˈkwɑːndə/ or /ˈkwæ-/) is the
tendency of a fluid jet to stay attached to a convex
surface.[1] Merriam-Webster describes it as "the
tendency of a jet of fluid emerging from an orifice to
follow an adjacent flat or curved surface and to
entrain fluid from the surroundings so that a region
of lower pressure develops."[2]
It is named after Romanian inventor Henri Coandă,

who was the first to recognize the practical
application of the phenomenon in aircraft design
around 1910.[a][3] It was first documented explicitly A spinning ping pong ball
in two patents issued in 1936. is held in a diagonal
stream of air by the
Discovery Coandă effect. The ball
"sticks" to the lower side
of the air stream, which
An early description of this phenomenon was
stops the ball from falling
provided by Thomas Young in a lecture given to The down. The jet as a whole
Royal Society in 1800: keeps the ball some
distance from the jet
exhaust, and gravity
The lateral pressure which urges the flame
prevents it from being
of a candle towards the stream of air from a
blown away.
blowpipe is probably exactly similar to that
pressure which eases the inflection of a
current of air near an obstacle. Mark the
dimple which a slender stream of air makes
on the surface of water. Bring a convex body
into contact with the side of the stream and
the place of the dimple will immediately
show the current is deflected towards the
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coandă_effect#Wall_ jet 1페이지/20페이지
Coandă effect - Wikipedia 2023. 5. 22. 15:50
body; and if the body be at liberty to move in

every direction it will be urged towards the
current...[b]
A hundred years later, Henri Coandă identified an application of the effect

during experiments with his Coandă-1910 aircraft, which mounted an unusual
engine he designed. The motor-driven turbine pushed hot air rearward, and
Coandă noticed that the airflow was attracted to nearby surfaces. In 1934
Coandă obtained a patent in France for a "method and apparatus for
deviation of a fluid into another fluid". The effect was described as the
"deviation of a plain jet of a fluid that penetrates another fluid in the vicinity
of a convex wall". The first official documents that explicitly mention the
Coandă effect were two 1936 patents by Henri Coandă.[4][5] This name was
accepted by the leading aerodynamicist Theodore von Kármán, who had a
long scientific relationship with Coandă on aerodynamics problems.[6]
Mechanism
Diagrams illustrating mechanism responsible for the Coandă effect
A free jet of air entrains molecules of air from its immediate surroundings
causing an axisymmetrical "tube" or "sleeve" of low pressure around the jet
(see Diagram 1). The resultant forces from this low pressure tube end up
balancing any perpendicular flow instability, which stabilises the jet in a
straight line. However, if a solid surface is placed close, and approximately
parallel to the jet (Diagram 2), then the entrainment (and therefore removal)

of air from between the solid surface and the jet causes a reduction in air
pressure on that side of the jet that cannot be balanced as rapidly as the low
pressure region on the "open" side of the jet. The pressure difference across
the jet causes the jet to deviate towards the nearby surface, and then to adhere
to it (Diagram 3).[7][8] The jet adheres even better to curved surfaces
(Diagram 4), because each (infinitesimally
small) incremental change in direction of
the surface brings about the effects
described for the initial bending of the jet
towards the surface.[8][9] If the surface is
not too sharply curved, the jet can, under
the right circumstances, adhere to the
surface even after flowing 180° around a
cylindrically curved surface, and thus travel
in a direction opposite to its initial direction.
A diagram of a generic engine that
The forces that cause these changes in the harnesses the Coandă Effect to
direction of flow of the jet cause an equal generate lift (or forward motion if
and opposite force on the surface along tilted 90° on its side). The engine is
[8]
which the jet flows. These Coandă effect approximately bullet or inverted
induced forces can be harnessed to cause lift bowl shaped, with fluid being
and other forms of motion, depending on expelled horizontally from a
the orientation of the jet and the surface to circular slit near the top of the
which the jet adheres.[7] A small surface bullet. A small step at the lower
"lip" at the point where the jet starts to flow edge of the slit ensures that a low
over that surface (Diagram 5) increases the pressure vortex develops
initial deviation of the jet flow direction. immediately below the point where
This results from the fact that a low pressure the fluid exits the slit (see Diagram
vortex forms behind the lip, promoting the 5). From there on the Coandă
effect causes the sheet of fluid to
dip towards the surface.[7]
cling to the curved outer surface of
The Coandă effect can be induced in any the engine. The entrainment of the
ambient fluid into the stream
fluid, and is therefore equally effective in
flowing over the bullet, causes a
water and air.[7] A heated airfoil
low pressure area above the bullet
significantly reduces drag.[10] (Diagrams 1–5) . This, together
with the ambient ("high") pressure
Existence conditions below the bullet causes lift, or, if
mounted horizontally, forward
motion in the direction of the apex

Early sources provide theoretical and of the bullet.[7]

experimental information needed to derive a
detailed explanation of the effect. The
Coandă effect may occur along a curved wall either in a free- or wall-jet.
On the left image of the preceding section: "The mechanism of Coandă effect",
the effect as described, in the terms of T. Young as "the lateral pressure which
eases the inflection of a current of air near an obstacle", represents a free jet
emerging from an orifice and an obstacle in the surroundings. It includes the
tendency of a free jet emerging from an orifice to entrain fluid from the
surroundings confined with limited access, without developing any region of
lower pressure when there is no obstacle in the surroundings, as is the case on
the opposite side where turbulent mixing occurs at ambient pressure.
On the right image, the effect occurs along the curved wall as a wall jet. The
image here on the right represents a two dimensional wall jet between two
parallel plane walls, where the "obstacle" is a quarter cylindrical portion
following the flat horizontal rectangular orifice, so that no fluid at all is
entrained from the surroundings along the wall, but only on the opposite side
in turbulent mixing with ambient air.
Wall jet
To compare experiment with a theoretical model, a two-dimensional plane
wall jet of width (h) along a circular wall of radius (r) is referred to. A wall jet
follows a flat horizontal wall, say of infinite radius, or rather whose radius is
the radius of the Earth without separation because the surface pressure as
well as the external pressure in the mixing zone is everywhere equal to the
atmospheric pressure and the boundary layer does not separate from the wall.
With a much smaller radius (12 centimeters in the

image on the right) a transverse difference arises
between external and wall surface pressures of the
h
jet, creating a pressure gradient depending upon r ,
the relative curvature. This pressure gradient can
appear in a zone before and after the origin of the jet
where it gradually arises, and disappear at the point
where the jet boundary layer separates from the Measurements of surface
pressure along a

wall, where the wall pressure reaches atmospheric circularly curved wall of
pressure (and the transverse gradient becomes radius (r = 12 cm),
zero). deflecting a turbulent jet
of air (Reynolds number
Experiments made in 1956 with turbulent air jets at = 106) of width (h). The
a Reynolds number of 106 at various jet widths (h) pressure begins to fall
show the pressures measured along a circularly before the origin of the
curved wall radius (r) at a series of horizontal jet, due to local effects at
distance from the origin of the jet (see the diagram the point of exit of the air
from the nozzle which
on the right).[11][12] h
creates the jet. If the r
h ratio (ratio of the width of
Above a critical r ratio of 0.5 only local effects at the
the jet to the radius of
origin of the jet are seen extending over a small curvature of the wall) is
angle of 18° along the curved wall. The jet then less than 0.5, a true
immediately separates from the curved wall. A Coandă effect is
Coandă effect is therefore not seen here but only a observed, with the wall
local attachment: a pressure smaller than pressures along the
atmospheric pressure appears on the wall along a curved wall remaining at
distance corresponding to a small angle of 9°, this low (sub-ambient
followed by an equal angle of 9° where this pressure pressure) level until the
increases up to atmospheric pressure at the jet reaches the end of the
separation of the boundary layer, subject to this wall (when the pressure
h rapidly returns to ambient
positive longitudinal gradient. However, if the r h
pressure). If the r ratio is
ratio is smaller than the critical value of 0.5, the
more than 0.5, only the
lower than ambient pressure measured on the wall
local effects occur at the
seen at the origin of the jet continues along the wall
origin of the jet, after
(until the wall ends; see diagram on the right). This
which the jet immediately
is "a true Coandă effect" as the jet clings to the wall
separates from the wall,
"at a nearly constant pressure" as in a conventional and there is no Coandă
wall jet. effect. Experiments by
Kadosch and Liermann in
A calculation made by Woods in 1954[13] of an Kadosch's laboratory,
inviscid flow along a circular wall shows that an SNECMA.[11]
h
inviscid solution exists with any curvature r and
any given deflection angle up to a separation point on the wall, where a
singular point appears with an infinite slope of the surface pressure curve.

Introducing in the calculation the angle at

separation found in the preceding experiments for
h
each value of the relative curvature r , the image
here was recently obtained,[14] and shows inertial
effects represented by the inviscid solution: the
calculated pressure field is similar to the
experimental one described above, outside the
nozzle. The flow curvature is caused exclusively by
the transverse pressure gradient, as described by T. Pressure distribution
Young. Then, viscosity only produces a boundary along the circular wall of
layer along the wall and turbulent mixing with a wall jet.
ambient air as in a conventional wall jet—except
that this boundary layer separates under the action
of the difference between the finally ambient pressure and a smaller surface
pressure along the wall. According to Van Dyke,[15] as quoted in Lift, the
derivation of his equation (4c) also shows that the contribution of viscous
stress to flow turning is negligible.
An alternative way would be to calculate the deflection angle at which the

boundary layer subjected to the inviscid pressure field separates. A rough
h
calculation has been tried that gives the separation angle as a function of r
and the Reynolds number:[12] The results are reported on the image, e.g., 54°
h
calculated instead of 60° measured for r = 0.25. More experiments and a
more accurate boundary layer calculation would be desirable.
Other experiments made in 2004 with a wall jet along a circular wall show
h
that Coandă effect does not occur in a laminar flow, and the critical r ratios
for small Reynolds numbers are much smaller than those for turbulent
h h
flow.[16] down to r = 0.14 with a Reynolds number of 500, and r = 0.05 for a
Reynolds number of 100.
Free jet

L. C. Woods also made the calculation of the inviscid two-dimensional flow of

a free jet of width h, deflected round a circularly cylindrical surface of radius r,
between a first contact A and separation at B, including a deflection angle θ.
h
Again a solution exists for any value of the relative curvature r and angle θ.
Moreover, in the case of a free jet the equation can be solved in closed form,
giving the distribution of velocity along the circular wall. The surface pressure
distribution is then calculated using Bernoulli equation. Let us note the
pressure (pa) and the velocity (va) along the free streamline at the ambient
pressure, and γ the angle along the wall which is zero in A and θ in B. Then
the velocity (v) is found to be:
An image of the surface pressure distribution of the jet round the cylindrical
h
surface using the same values of the relative curvature r , and the same angle
θ as those found for the wall jet reported in the image on the right side here
has been established: it may be found in reference (15) p. 104 and both images
are quite similar: the Coandă effect of a free jet is inertial, the same as Coandă
effect of a wall jet. However, an experimental measurement of the
corresponding surface pressure distribution is not known.
Experiments in 1959 by Bourque and Newmann[17] concerning the

reattachment of a two-dimensional turbulent jet to an offset parallel plate
after enclosing a separation bubble where a low pressure vortex is confined
(as in the image 5 in the preceding section) and also for a two-dimensional jet
followed by a single flat plate inclined at an angle instead of the circularly
curved wall in the diagram on the right here describing the experience of a
wall jet: the jet separates from the plate, then curves towards the plate when
the surrounding fluid is entrained and pressure lowered, and eventually
reattaches to it, enclosing a separation bubble. The jet remains free if the
angle is greater than 62°.
In this last case which is the geometry proposed by Coandă, the claim of the
inventor is that the quantity of fluid entrained by the jet from the
surroundings is increased when the jet is deflected, a feature exploited to

improve the scavenging of internal combustion engines, and to increase the

maximum lift coefficient of a wing, as indicated in the applications below.
The surface pressure distribution as well as the reattachment distance have

been duly measured in both cases, and two approximate theories have been
developed for the mean pressure within the separation bubble, the position of
reattachment and the increase in volume flow from the orifice: the agreement
with experiment was satisfactory.
Applications
Aircraft
The Coandă effect has applications in various high-lift devices on aircraft,
where air moving over the wing can be "bent down" towards the ground using
flaps and a jet sheet blowing over the curved surface of the top of the wing.
The bending of the flow results in aerodynamic lift.[18] The flow from a high-
speed jet engine mounted in a pod over the wing produces increased lift by
dramatically increasing the velocity gradient in the shear flow in the boundary
layer. In this velocity gradient, particles are blown away from the surface, thus
lowering the pressure there. Closely following the work of Coandă on
applications of his research, and in particular the work on his "Aerodina
Lenticulară,"[19] John Frost of Avro Canada also spent considerable time
researching the effect, leading to a series of "inside out" hovercraft-like
aircraft from which the air exited in a ring around the outside of the aircraft
and was directed by being "attached" to a flap-like ring.
This is, as opposed to a traditional hovercraft

design, in which the air is blown into a central
area, the plenum, and directed down with the use
of a fabric "skirt". Only one of Frost's designs was
ever built, the Avro Canada VZ-9 Avrocar.
The Avrocar (often listed as 'VZ-9') was a

The first Avrocar being
readied at the Avro Canada
Canadian vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL)
factory in 1958
aircraft developed by Avro Aircraft Ltd. as part of
a secret United States military project carried out
in the early years of the Cold War.[20] The

Avrocar intended to exploit the Coandă effect to provide lift and thrust from a
single "turborotor" blowing exhaust out the rim of the disk-shaped aircraft to
provide anticipated VTOL-like performance. In the air, it would have
resembled a flying saucer. Two prototypes were built as "proof-of-concept"
test vehicles for a more advanced U.S. Air Force fighter and also for a U.S.
Army tactical combat aircraft requirement.[21]
Avro's 1956 Project 1794 for the U.S. military designed a larger-scale flying
saucer based on the Coandă effect and intended to reach speeds between
Mach 3 and Mach 4.[22] Project documents remained classified until 2012.
The effect was also implemented during the U.S. Air Force's Advanced
Medium STOL Transport (AMST) project. Several aircraft, notably the Boeing
YC-14 (the first modern type to exploit the effect), NASA's Quiet Short-Haul
Research Aircraft, and the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan's Asuka
research aircraft have been built to take advantage of this effect, by mounting
turbofans on the top of the wings to provide high-speed air even at low flying
speeds, but to date only one aircraft has gone into production using this
system to a major degree, the Antonov An-72 "Coaler." The Shin Meiwa US-1A
flying boat utilizes a similar system, only it directs the propwash from its four
turboprop engines over the top of the wing to generate low-speed lift. More
uniquely, it incorporates a fifth turboshaft engine inside of the wing center-
section solely to provide air for powerful blown flaps. The addition of these
two systems gives the aircraft an impressive STOL capability.
The experimental McDonnell Douglas YC-15 and its production derivative, the
Boeing C-17 Globemaster III, also employ the effect. The NOTAR helicopter
replaces the conventional propeller tail rotor with a Coandă effect tail
(diagram on the left).
A better understanding of Coandă effect was provided by the scientific

literature produced by ACHEON EU FP7 project.[23] This project utilized a
particular symmetric nozzle to produce an effective modeling of the Coandă
effect,[24][25][26] and determined innovative STOL aircraft configurations
based on the effect.[27][28] This activity has been expanded by Dragan in the
turbomachinery sector, with the objective of better optimizing the shape of
rotating blades by Romanian Comoti Research Centre's work on
turbomachinery.[29][30]

A practical use
of the Coandă
effect is for
inclined
hydropower
screens,[31]
A depiction of the Blackburn
which separate
Buccaneer aircraft. Blowing
debris, fish, slots at the leading edges of
etc., otherwise the wing, tailplane and
in the input trailing edge flaps/ ailerons
A Coandă engine (items 3,6–8) flow to the are highlighted. These
replaces the tail rotor in the turbines. Due aerodynamic features
NOTAR helicopter. 1 Air intake. 2 to the slope, the contribute to the Coandă
Variable pitch fan. 3 Tail boom with debris falls airflow over the wing.
Coandă Slots. 4 Vertical from the
stabilizers. 5 Direct jet thruster. 6 screens without
Downwash. 7 Circulation control mechanical clearing, and due to the wires of
tailboom cross-section. 8 Anti- the screen optimizing the Coandă effect, the
torque lift. water flows through the screen to the
penstocks leading the water to the turbines.
The Coandă effect is used in dual-pattern

fluid dispensers in automobile windshield
washers.[32]
The operation principle of oscillatory

flowmeters also relies on the Coandă
The C-17 Globemaster III has phenomenon. The incoming liquid enters a
externally blown flaps with part of chamber that contains two "islands". Due to
the engine flow passing through the Coandă effect, the main stream splits up
the flap slots to be turned over the and goes under one of the islands. This flow
top surfaces by the Coandă effect. then feeds itself back into the main stream
making it split up again, but in the direction
of the second isle. This process repeats itself
as long as the liquid circulates the chamber, resulting in a self-induced
oscillation that is directly proportional to the velocity of the liquid and
consequently the volume of substance flowing through the meter. A sensor
picks up the frequency of this oscillation and transforms it into an analog
signal yielding volume passing through.[33]

Air conditioning
In air conditioning, the Coandă effect is exploited to increase the throw of a

ceiling mounted diffuser. Because the Coandă effect causes air discharged
from the diffuser to "stick" to the ceiling, it travels farther before dropping for
the same discharge velocity than it would if the diffuser were mounted in free
air, without the neighbouring ceiling. Lower discharge velocity means lower
noise levels and, in the case of variable air volume (VAV) air conditioning
systems, permits greater turndown ratios. Linear diffusers and slot diffusers
that present a greater length of contact with the ceiling exhibit a greater
Coandă effect.
Health care
In cardiovascular medicine, the Coandă effect accounts for the separate
streams of blood in the fetal right atrium.[34] It also explains why eccentric
mitral regurgitation jets are attracted and dispersed along adjacent left atrial
wall surfaces (so called "wall-hugging jets" as seen on echocardiographic
color-doppler interrogation). This is clinically relevant because the visual area
(and thus severity) of these eccentric wall-hugging jets is often
underestimated compared to the more readily apparent central jets. In these
cases, volumetric methods such as the proximal isovelocity surface area
(PISA) method are preferred to quantify the severity of mitral regurgitation.
In medicine, the Coandă effect is used in ventilators.[35][36][37]
Meteorology
In meteorology, the Coandă effect theory has also been applied to some air
streams flowing out of mountain ranges such as the Carpathian Mountains
and Transylvanian Alps, where effects on agriculture and vegetation have
been noted. It also appears to be an effect in the Rhone Valley in France and
near Big Delta in Alaska.[38]
Auto-racing

In Formula One automobile racing, the Coandă effect has been exploited by
the McLaren, Sauber, Ferrari and Lotus teams, after the first introduction by
Adrian Newey (Red Bull Team) in 2011, to help redirect exhaust gases to run
through the rear diffuser with the intention of increasing downforce at the
rear of the car.[39] Due to changes in regulations set in place by the FIA from
the beginning of the 2014 Formula One season, the intention of redirecting
exhaust gases to use the Coandă effect have been negated, due to the
mandatory requirement that the car exhaust not have bodywork intended to
contribute to aerodynamic effect situated directly behind it.[40]
Fluidics
In fluidics, the Coandă effect was used to build bistable multivibrators, where
the working stream (compressed air) stuck to one curved wall or another and
control beams could switch the stream between the walls.
Mixer
The Coandă effect is also used to mix two different fluids in a mixer.[41][42]
Demonstration
The Coandă effect can be demonstrated by directing a small jet of air upwards
at an angle over a ping pong ball. The jet is drawn to and follows the upper
surface of the ball curving around it, due to the (radial) acceleration (slowing
and turning) of the air around the ball. With enough airflow, this change in
momentum is balanced by the equal and opposite force on the ball supporting
its weight. This demonstration can be performed using a hairdryer on the
lowest setting or a vacuum cleaner if the outlet can be attached to the pipe and
aimed upwards at an angle.
A common misconception is that the Coandă effect is demonstrated when a

stream of tap water flows over the back of a spoon held lightly in the stream
and the spoon is pulled into the stream (for example, Massey 1979, Fig 3.12
uses the Coandă effect to explain the deflection of water around a cylinder).
While the flow looks very similar to the air flow over the ping pong ball above
(if one could see the air flow), the cause is not really the Coandă effect. Here,

because it is a flow of water into air, there is little entrainment of the

surrounding fluid (the air) into the jet (the stream of water). This particular
demonstration is dominated by surface tension. (McLean 2012, Figure 7.3.6
states that the water deflection "actually demonstrates molecular attraction
and surface tension.")
Another demonstration is to direct the air flow from, e.g., a vacuum cleaner
operating in reverse, tangentially past a round cylinder. A waste basket works
well. The air flow seems to "wrap around" the cylinder and can be detected at
more than 180° from the incoming flow. Under the right conditions, flow rate,
weight of the cylinder, smoothness of the surface it sits on, the cylinder
actually moves. Note that the cylinder does not move directly into the flow as
a misapplication of the Bernoulli effect would predict, but at a diagonal.
The Coandă effect can also be demonstrated by placing a can in front of a lit
candle, such that when one's line of sight is along the top of the can, the
candle flame is completely hidden from view behind it. If one then blows
directly at the can, the candle will be extinguished despite the can being "in
the way". This is because the airflow directed at the can bends around it and
still reaches the candle to extinguish it, in accordance with the Coandă effect.
Problems caused
The engineering use of Coandă effect has disadvantages as well as advantages.
In marine propulsion, the efficiency of a propeller or thruster can be severely

curtailed by the Coandă effect. The force on the vessel generated by a
propeller is a function of the speed, volume and direction of the water jet
leaving the propeller. Under certain conditions (e.g., when a ship moves
through water) the Coandă effect changes the direction of a propeller jet,
causing it to follow the shape of the ship's hull. The side force from a tunnel
thruster at the bow of a ship decreases rapidly with forward speed.[c] The side
thrust may completely disappear at speeds above about 3 knots.[43] If the
Coandă effect is applied to symmetrically shaped nozzles, it presents
resonance problems.[28]
See also
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Airfoil
Boundary layer
Circulation control wing
Fluid dynamics
Fluid friction
Lift (force)
Magnus effect
Microelectromechanical systems
Microfluidics
NOTAR
Teapot effect
Tesla valve
Trench effect
References
Notes
a. "The Coanda effect is a phenomenon that was first observed in 1910 by a
mathematician and engineer named Henri Coandă. He discovered that
when air was ejected from a rectangular nozzle, it would attach itself to an
inclined flat plate connected to the nozzle exit. Emphasizing the need for a
sharp angle between the nozzle and the flat plate, Coandă then applied
the principle to a series of deflecting surfaces, each at a sharp angle to
the previous one, and succeeded in turning flows through angles as large
as 180. He stated that "when a jet of fluid is passed over a curved surface,
it bends to follow the surface, entraining large amounts of air as it does
so," and this phenomenon has become known as the Coandă Effect.
(Lubert 2011, pp. 144–153)
b. The pressure of the air jet is actually supplementing the pressure of the
atmosphere, a.k.a. The Atmospheric Press, which at 14.7psi at sea level
makes water or other liquids lay smooth. Blow on a part of the water and
the pressure is increased a slight amount which naturally makes the water
move away. Direct a flame parallel over a liquid or submerge a candle
almost to its wick and the liquid will be seen to rise slightly as the heat of
the flame lessens the Atmospheric Press pressing on the water. The
hotter the flame and the closer to the surface the greater the effect will be

seen.(Young 1800)
c. This problem can be solved by an accurate design of both the propeller
and the hull that is specifically optimized on a fluiddynamic point of view.
(Lehn 1992)
Citations
1. Tritton, D.J., Physical Fluid Dynamics, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1977
(reprinted 1980), Section 22.7, The Coandă Effect.
2. "Definition of Coanda effect" (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/
Coanda%20effect). Merriam-Webster.
3. "Coandă effect" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120118131611/http://www.
answers.com/topic/coanda-effect). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia
(6th ed.). 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.answers.com/topic/
coanda-effect) on 2012-01-18.
4. Coanda, H. US Patent# 2,052,869; "Device for Deflecting a Stream of
Elastic Fluid Projected into an Elastic Fluid (1936)".
5. Coanda H. (1936a), US Patent n. 3,261,162, Lifting Device Coanda
Effect, USA
6. Eisner, Thomas (2005), For Love of Insects (https://books.google.com/boo
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ISBN 978-0-674-01827-3
7. Reba, Imants (June 1966). "Applications of the Coanda effect". Scientific
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doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0666-84 (https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientif
icamerican0666-84).
8. Coanda Effect (http://www.thermofluids.co.uk/effect.php) Retrieved 17
November 2017
9. Jeff Raskin: Coanda Effect: Understanding how wings work. (http://karmak
.org/archive/2003/02/coanda_effect.html) Retrieved 17 November 2017
10. Drinkall, Timothy. "Increasing Aerofoil Lift via Artificial Amplification of the
Coanda Effect Using Heat" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210608040717
/https://abstracts.societyforscience.org/Home/FullAbstract?Category=Any
+Category&AllAbstracts=True&FairCountry=Any+Country&FairState=Any
+State&ProjectId=21143). Abstract: Search ISEF Projects Database,
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2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
11. Kadosch, M. (April 1958). "Déviation d'un jet par adhérence à une paroi
convexe" [Deviation of a jet by adherence to a convex wall]. Journal de
convexe" [Deviation of a jet by adherence to a convex wall]. Journal de

Physique et le Radium. Paris: 1–12A.
12. Kadosch, M. (3 January 1967). The curved wall effect. 2nd Cranfield
Fluidics Conference. Cambridge.
13. Woods, L. C. (1954). "Compressible subsonic flow in two-dimensional
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doi:10.1093/qjmam/7.3.263 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fqjmam%2F7.3.26
3).
14. Kadosch, M. (2015). "Coandă et le jet qui soulève les aeronefs" [Coandă
and the jet that lifts airships]. Illusions créatrices. CreateSpace & Kindle.
pp. 91–112.
15. Van Dyke, M. (1969). "Higher-Order Boundary-Layer Theory". Annual
Review of Fluid Mechanics.
16. Vit, T.; Marsik, F. (15–21 August 2004). Experimental and Theoretical
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20325114552/http://www.formula1.com/news/technical/2012/0/939.html).
Formula 1. Archived from the original (http://www.formula1.com/news/tech
nical/2012/0/939.html) on 2012-03-25.
40. "2012 season changes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120311113553/htt
p://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/sporting_regulatio
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plane passive microfluidic mixer with modified Tesla structures". Lab on a
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42. Hong, Chien-Chong; Choi, Jin-Woo; Ahn, Chong H. (2001), "A Novel In-
42. Hong, Chien-Chong; Choi, Jin-Woo; Ahn, Chong H. (2001), "A Novel In-
Plane Passive Micromixer Using Coanda Effect", Micro Total Analysis
Systems 2001, Springer Netherlands, pp. 31–33, doi:10.1007/978-94-010-
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ISBN 9789401038935
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flight model and energy evaluation". European Transport Research
flight model and energy evaluation". European Transport Research

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4063478).
Young, Thomas (1800), Outlines of experiments and inquiries respecting
sound and light
External links
Flight 1945 (http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1946/1946%20-%
201600.html)
Coandă effect video (1) (http://jnaudin.free.fr/html/repcotst.htm)
Coandă effect video (2) (https://www.youtube.com/user/Airsocks#p/u/1/De
-OGrLS2cY)
Information on the patents of Coandă (http://www.managingip.com/default
.asp?Page=20&F=F&action=Report&CountryID=52)
New UK based UAV project utilising the Coandă effect (http://jlnlabs.free.fr
/gfsuav/index.htm)
Report on the Coandă Effect and lift (https://web.archive.org/web/2011071
4172646/http://newfluidtechnology.com/THE_COANDA_EFFECT_AND_L
IFT.pdf)
How to see the Coandă effect at home (https://web.archive.org/web/20110
928071540/http://www.physics.org/marvinandmilo.asp?id=22)
(www.physics.org comic)
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Coandă Effect - Wikipedia

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Coandă effect - Wikipedia 2023. 5. 22.

It is named after Romanian inventor Henri Coandă,

body; and if the body be at liberty to move in

A hundred years later, Henri Coandă identified an application of the effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coandă_effect#Wall_ jet 2페이지/20페이지

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coandă_effect#Wall_ jet 3페이지/20페이지

Early sources provide theoretical and of the bullet.[7]

With a much smaller radius (12 centimeters in the

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coandă_effect#Wall_ jet 4페이지/20페이지

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coandă_effect#Wall_ jet 5페이지/20페이지

Introducing in the calculation the angle at

An alternative way would be to calculate the deflection angle at which the

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coandă_effect#Wall_ jet 6페이지/20페이지

L. C. Woods also made the calculation of the inviscid two-dimensional flow of

Experiments in 1959 by Bourque and Newmann[17] concerning the

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coandă_effect#Wall_ jet 7페이지/20페이지

improve the scavenging of internal combustion engines, and to increase the

The surface pressure distribution as well as the reattachment distance have

This is, as opposed to a traditional hovercraft

The Avrocar (often listed as 'VZ-9') was a

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coandă_effect#Wall_ jet 8페이지/20페이지

A better understanding of Coandă effect was provided by the scientific

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coandă_effect#Wall_ jet 9페이지/20페이지

The Coandă effect is used in dual-pattern

The operation principle of oscillatory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coandă_effect#Wall_ jet 10페이지/20페이지

In air conditioning, the Coandă effect is exploited to increase the throw of a

In medicine, the Coandă effect is used in ventilators.[35][36][37]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coandă_effect#Wall_ jet 11페이지/20페이지

A common misconception is that the Coandă effect is demonstrated when a

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coandă_effect#Wall_ jet 12페이지/20페이지

because it is a flow of water into air, there is little entrainment of the

In marine propulsion, the efficiency of a propeller or thruster can be severely

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coandă_effect#Wall_ jet 14페이지/20페이지

convexe" [Deviation of a jet by adherence to a convex wall]. Journal de

26. Subhash & Dumas 2013, pp. 260–272.

flight model and energy evaluation". European Transport Research

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coandă_effect&oldid=1138476382"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coandă_effect#Wall_ jet 20페이지/20페이지

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