30-Jul-20 001199: Chapter 6 1 BRIEFING 6.1. The nature of the syllable 6.2. The structure of the English syllable 6.3. Syllabic consonants
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6.1. THE NATURE OF THE SYLLABLE
• Syllable: a single unit of speech, having one vowel with or
without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or a part of a word. • Ex: “book”: 1 syllable “reading”: 2 syllables “entertain”: 3 syllables “entertainment”: 4 syllables
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6.1. THE NATURE OF THE SYLLABLE
• A minimum syllable: a single vowel in isolation.
Ex: “a” /ə/ “err” /ɜː/ “are” /ɑː/ • Some syllables have an/some onset(s): the consonant preceding the vowel. Ex: “car” /kɑː/ “more” /mɔː/ “square” /skweə / 30-Jul-20 001199: Chapter 6 4 6.1. THE NATURE OF THE SYLLABLE
• Some syllables have no onset but have one or more coda:
consonants following the vowel. Ex: “am” /æm/ “ink” /ɪŋk/ • Some syllables have both onset and coda: Ex: “ran” /ræn/ “fill” /fɪl/
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6.2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABLE
• If the syllable begins with a vowel -> zero onset
Ex: apple /ˈæpəl/ : the first syllable has zero onset. about /əˈbaut/: the first syllable has zero onset. “ink” /ɪŋk/
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6.2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABLE • Two or more consonants together before vowel -> consonant cluster • Onset structure: Pre-initial consonant + initial consonant + post-initial consonant
• “s” + the other consonants: “s” is called pre-initial consonant, the
other consonant is called initial consonant. Ex: sting /stɪŋ/ smoke /sməuk / • Consonants + “l, r, w, j”: the first consonant is the initial consonant, the second consonant is post-initial Ex: play /pleɪ/ quick /kwɪk/ 30-Jul-20 001199: Chapter 6 7 6.2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABLE • If there is no final consonant -> zero coda Ex: pay /peɪ/ grow /grəu/ • When there is one consonant after the vowel -> final consonant (except “h, w, j”) • Coda structure: Two or more final consonants -> final cluster Pre-final consonant + final consonant + post-final consonant m, n, ŋ, l ,s s, z, t, d, θ
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6.2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABLE
Coda structure:
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6.2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABLE
Coda structure:
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6.2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABLE
Coda structure:
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6.3. SYLLABIC CONSONANTS • Syllabic consonants: the syllable consists of NO vowel, a consonant (l, r, or nasals) stands as the peak of the syllable -> weak syllables. • Syllabic l Cattle couple Bottle Panel