CHEMICAL REACTIONS

AND EQUATIONS

YOU WILL LEARN ABOUT

•DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION
•REDOX REACTION
•CORROSION
•RANCIDITY
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION
A REACTION IN WHICH THERE IS
AN EXCHANGE OF IONS
BETWEEN THE REACTANTS.

IN SUCH A REACTION TWO

COMPOUNDS (REACTANTS)
REACT TO FORM TWO NEW
COMPOUNDS (PRODUCTS).
 An example of a double displacement reaction
Reaction between K2CO3 (aq) and BaCl2 (aq)

K2CO3 (aq) BaCl2 (aq) 2 KCl (aq) BaCO3 (s)

Potassium + Barium Potassium + Barium
carbonate chloride carbonate
chloride
What actually happens in a Double
Displacement Reaction??

K2CO3 (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) 2 KCl (aq) + BaCO3 (s)

Potassium Barium Potassium Barium
carbonate chloride chloride carbonate
 POINT TO REMEMBER
• Double displacement reactions
have two compounds on both the
sides of the chemical equation;
i.e. You will always find two
reactants and two products in such
reactions.
Eg: AgNO3+NaCl→AgCl+NaNO3
 •Usually , double displacement reactions result in
the formation of a precipitate.
•A precipitate is an insoluble solid produced from
solution during a chemical reaction.
Example:
AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + NaNO3 (aq)
Precipitate

•In the above example, aqueous solutions of silver

nitrate and sodium chloride react to form sodium
nitrate and precipitate of silver chloride.
•Any reaction that produces a precipitate can be
called a precipitation reaction.
 What are Redox Reactions?

• Redox reactions are chemical

reactions involving oxidation
and reduction occurring
simultaneously.
Redox reactions can be explained in terms of:

I ) Loss or gain of oxygen

II) Loss or gain of hydrogen

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 Explanation of Redox Reaction based on
Loss(Removal) OR Gain(Addition) of Oxygen
• Oxidation is a chemical process in which
oxygen is added to a substance .

• Reduction is a chemical process in which

oxygen is removed from a substance.
 Example :
Gains oxygen
(oxidation)
2CuO(s) + C(s) 2Cu(s) + CO2(g)

Loses oxygen

(reduction)

C (carbon) undergoes Oxidation as Oxygen is added to it

and thus is oxidised to form CO2 (carbon dioxide)

CuO (copper oxide ) undergoes Reduction as Oxygen is

removed from it and thus is reduced to form Cu (copper)

1
 Explanation of Redox Reaction based on
Loss(Removal) OR Gain(Addition) of Hydrogen
• Oxidation is a chemical process in which
hydrogen is removed from a substance .

• Reduction is a chemical process in which

hydrogen is added to a substance.
 Example :
Gains hydrogen
(reduction)
H2S(g) Cl2 (g) S(s) + 2HCl(g)
+
Loses hydrogen
(oxidation)

• H2S (hydrogen sulphide) undergoes

oxidation as hydrogen is removed from it
and thus is oxidized to form S (sulphur)
• Cl2 (chlorine) undergoes reduction as
hydrogen is added to it and thus is reduced
to form HCl (hydrogen chloride)1
 RECAP

OXIDATION REDUCTION
ADDITION OF OXYGEN ADDITION OF HYDROGEN
REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN REMOVAL OF OXYGEN
 OXIDIZING AND REDUCING AGENTS
• The substance that helps in oxidation in a redox reaction is
known as the Oxidizing agent.

Eg: 2CuO + C 2Cu + CO2

In the above reaction CuO is the oxidizing agent.

Reason:
•CuO (copper oxide) is the oxidizing agent as it adds oxygen to
C(carbon) and helps it to get oxidized.

****NOTE
• The oxidizing agent itself undergoes reduction as oxygen gets
removed from it!!
• The substance that helps in reduction in a redox reaction is
known as the Reducing agent.

Eg: 2CuO + C 2Cu + CO2

In the above reaction C is the reducing agent.

Reason:
•C (carbon) is the reducing agent as it removes oxygen from
CuO(copper oxide) and helps it to get reduced.

****NOTE
• The reducing agent itself undergoes oxidation as oxygen gets
added to it !!!
CORROSION
CORROSION is a natural process in
which oxidative degradation of a metal
takes place due to the attack by
substances around it such as gases in the
atmosphere, moisture, acids, etc.
AFTER CORROSION HOW DO METALS APPEAR?

REDDISH BROWN

GREEN

BLACK
CORROSION OF ALLOYS

Steel

Brass

Bronze
 RANCIDITY

•RANCIDITY IS A CONDITION
PRODUCED BY THE OXIDATION OF
FATS AND OILS PRESENT IN
FOODS , WHICH GIVES RISE TO AN
UNPLEASANT ODOUR AND
FLAVOUR IN THE FOOD ITEMS .
How do we avoid rancidity?
 QUIZ TIME
Name the substances getting (i)oxidized and (ii)
reduced in each of the following reactions. Also,
identify the oxidizing and reducing agents.

a)2HBr(aq) + Cl2(l) 2HCl(aq) + Br2(l)

b) Mg(s) + PbO(s) MgO(s) + Pb(s)
c)CH4(g) + Cl2(g) CH3Cl(g) + HCl(g)
d)Fe3O4(s) + 4CO(g) 3Fe(s) + 4CO2(g)