Substation Automation and REG670

Protection Training Generator Protection

CT and VT setup
Frequency adaptation
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Analogue measurement chain

„ REG670 is multifunction IED

„ 87G, 87T, 87O, 21, 40, 78, 64R,
59THD, 59N, 21, etc.
„ All functions must work together in
a harmony!
„ In IED 670 series internal
measurements are in:
„ Primary Amperes
„ Primary kV
„ Analogue Measurements chain
must be engineered properly!
„ CT & VT Connections and Setup
„ Virtual AI Setup to obtain wide
frequency range (5-90Hz)
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Analogue measurement chain

„ All functions measure the primary

quantities
„ For example the reach of the
distance function is set in
Primary Ohms
„ The only exceptions are:
„ High impedance differential
„ Rotor Earth-Fault function
„ These functions can not measure
the primary values because the
corresponding primary values do
not exist
„ These two functions will be
explained separately during the
REG670 course
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 U-I reference directions

Yd11

„ Typically used voltage and current reference directions for synchronous

machine
„ For a synchronous generator is valid that:
„ IG will lag voltage UG when generator produce active and reactive power
„ If generator is loaded with rated P & Q, this lagging angle will be exactly equal to
acos(rated_power_factor)
(i.e. acos(0,8)=36,87o)
„ Directional functions (21, 40, 78, 32, …) wants to measure
U & I with this reference directions!
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 IED 670 internal convention for directionality

Definition of direction Definition of direction

for directional functions for directional functions
Reverse Forward Forward Reverse
Protected Object
Line, transformer, etc
e.g. P, Q, I e.g. P, Q, I
Measured quantity is Measured quantity is
positive when flowing positive when flowing
towards the object towards the object

Set parameter Set parameter

CTStarPoint CTStarPoint
Correct Setting is Correct Setting is
"ToObject" "FromObject"
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Example of CT earthing

Yd11

„ Internally in IED 670 we want always to measure the current

towards the protected object!
„ For the first two CTs generator is protected object
„ For HV CT step-up transformer is protected object
„ Set CTStarPoint parameters as show, then…
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 REG670 will see U, I, P & Q as shown below

Yd11

„ REG670 will internally have reference directions as shown above:

„ Forward is always towards protected object
„ Reverse are always from the protected object
„ P & Q are positive when they flow towards protected object
„ Such internal references can not be changed by the end user!
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 How we should see the U & I phasors on the HMI
UAG „ Phase-to-earth VT used
UPh-E
IBG IASP
Gen SP side ISP
Gen HV side IG
Θ

ICG

ICSP

UCG UBG

IBSP
IAG
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 How we should see the U & I phasors on the HMI
UABG „ Phase-to-phase VT used

UPh-Ph
Gen SP side ISP UABG
IASP

Θ
30ο

ICSP UBCG

UCAG

UBCG

IBSP
ABB AB, 2007

UCAG
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 How we should see the U & I phasors on the HMI
IAT
Trafo HV side IT
ICSP
Gen SP side ISP

Θ=150ο

IBSP

ICT IBT

IASP

Assumed that step-up transformer has vector group Yd11

ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Preferred location for directional functions

Yd11

21 67
78 67Q
40
32
37
MMXU
ABB AB, 2007

REG670
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 What about differential functions

Yd11

87G 87T
???

87O
REG670
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Analogue measurement chain

„ The CTStarPoint parameters

are not the only place where
mistake can be made!
„ CTs & VTs must be as well
properly connected to REG670
inputs!
„ Valid for VTs as well
(e.g. 100% Stator earth-fault)
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 CT connections (star point to object)
L1 L2 L3 IED 670
6

IL2

IL3
IL1
3
1 4
IL1 1 #3Ph I Star
CT 600/5 2 AI01 (I) #IL1
Star Connected IL2 3 #IL2
4 AI02 (I) #IL3
IL3 5
#IR
#2
6 AI03 (I)

7
IR
8 AI04 (I)

9
5
10 AI05 (I)
2
11
12 AI06 (I)

Protected Object

en06000642.vsd

„ Lower numbered (i.e. odd) terminal number is always reference

(e.g. positive or dotted) end for CT & VT inputs in IED 670
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 CT connections (star point from object)

IL2

IL3
IL1
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 VT connections (Ph-to-Earth VTs)

6.6kV
3
110V
3

6.6kV
3
110V
3

6.6kV
3
110V
3
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 VT connections (Ph-to-Ph VTs)

13.8kV 13.8kV
120V 120V

„ Set you preprocessing block in order for REG670 to “understand”

that ph-to-ph voltage is measured
(i.d. default setting is ph-to-earth!)
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Calculations inside IED 670 preprocessing blocks

„ When Ph-to-Earth VTs are

connected preprocessing
block calculates:
„ Ph-to-Ph
„ Pos, neg & zero sequence
„ When Ph-to-Ph VTs are
connected preprocessing
block calculates:
„ Ph-to-Gnd
„ Pos & neg sequence
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Open delta VT connection

6.6kV
3
110V
3

6.6kV
3
110V
3

6.6kV
3
110V
3
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Neutral point VT connection
IED 670
Protected Object
2

13
14 AI07 (I) 5
L1 L2 L3 15
16 AI08 (I)

17
18 AI09 (I)
#NP Voltage
19 3
#Not used
20 AI10 (U)
#Not used
1 21 #Not used
22 AI11 (U)
#UNP

R 23 #1
Uo 24 AI12 (U)

6.6kV
3
100V en06000603.vsd
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Example of setting for TRM

Settings
for CT
Input

Settings
for VT
Input
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Read IED 670 Application manual

Everything
explained
until now
is available
there!
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 IED 670 frequency adaptation

„ Network normal conditions:

„ Nominal frequency: 50 or 60 Hz
„ Frequency deviations: maximum ± 1 % during non-disturbed
operation
„ Frequency deviations: maximum ± 5 % during disturbances
„ Generator running up:
„ f increases from 0 to nominal frequency
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Different actions at abnormal frequency
Network frequency

Generator tripping

Emergency power activation (HVDC etc.)

Nominal frequency fN Normal operation frequency band

Spinning disturbance reserve activation

Emergency power activation (HVDC etc.)

Frequency controlled load shedding

Generator tripping
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Generator protection during run-up

„ Machine not connected to the rest of the power system

„ No coordination required with any other/external
protection relay
„ Generator short circuit protection
„ Generator differential protection
„ Overcurrent protection
„ Generator stator earth fault protection
„ Residual voltage protection
„ 100% stator earth fault protection
„ Generator rotor earth fault protection
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Generator protection during run-up

„ Overexcitation protection
„ Overvoltage protection
„ Overfrequency protection
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Protections to be blocked during generator run-up

„ Undervoltage protection
„ Underfrequency protection
„ Low forward power protection
„ Underimpedance protection
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Number of samples for one period

0.5

Sample
no 20
0 One period 50 Hz

One period 40 Hz Sample

no 25
0.5

0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03

t
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Frequency tracking

„ For generator protection is important

to properly track the actual power
system frequency and adopt internal
filtering in order to measure properly
the Phasors of all input signals
„ Preprocessing blocks in REG670 shall
be properly configured and set in
order to have wide frequency
operating range (5-90Hz)
„ Preconfigured REGs are already
prepared for this!
„ Note that VT inputs are required
„ 3Ph VT input is preferred
„ Pos Seq Voltage is then used for
frequency measurement and tracking
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Preprocessing blocks in IED 670

„ 36 preprocessing blocks are available

„ 12 in 1ms task; 12 in 3ms task and 12 in 8ms task (for 50Hz)
„ First preprocessing block in each task has some
additional inputs/outputs in configuration tool and some
additional settings parameters (e.g. master for its task)
„ Our example is using Preprocessing block PR01 in 3ms
task to synchronize complete REG670 measurement
system
„ Assumed that 3Ph VT input (either Ph-to-Earth or Ph-to-Ph is
connected to that preprocessing block
„ This is how preconfigured REG670 have been prepared
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 Required connections in configuration tool
3ms Task 8ms Task 1ms Task

PR01(1,3) PR13(1,8) PR25(1,1)

REAL_ZERO DFTSPFC SPFCOUT REG_DFT_NoS_OUT REG_DFT_NoS_OUT DFTSPFC SPFCOUT REG_DFT_NoS_OUT DFTSPFC SPFCOUT

#2 TYPE #? TYPE #? TYPE

PR02(1,3) PR14(1,8) PR26(1,1)

Connected
#? TYPE to 3Ph VT #? TYPE #? TYPE

External Info Available to all 12 channels

External Info Available to all 12 channels

External Info Available to all 12 channels

in SMT

PR12(1,3) PR24(1,8) PR36(1,1)

#? TYPE #? TYPE #? TYPE

ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 PST settings for PR01 (located in 3ms task)

Use PR01 to
send out DFT
reference

Use PR01 for

synchronization
of PR01 group
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 PST settings for PR02-PR12 (rest in 3ms task)

Use PR01 for

synchronization
of other PR
groups in
3ms task
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 PST settings for PR13 & PR25 (first in 1ms & 8ms tasks)

Use
External to
send out
DFT
reference

Use External (i.e.

CAP input) for
synchronization
of this group
(i.e. PR13/25)
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 PST settings for PR14-PR24 & PR25-PR36 (rest in 1 & 8 ms)

Use External
(i.e. CAP input)
for
synchronizatio
n of this PR
group
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 No PRxx should be synchronized? (e.g. rotor EF injection)

Use Internal
DFT only (i.e.
filter fixed to
50 or 60Hz)!
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 What about other PRxx setting parameters

„ Following functions are frequency

compensated:
„ Gen diff
„ Trafo diff
„ 100% stator EF 3rd harmonic based
„ 4-stage overcurrent (with DFT measurement)
„ 4-stage earthfault (with DFT measurement)
„ Overvoltage (with DFT measurement)
„ Neutral point overvolatge (with DFT
measurement)
„ Undervoltage (with DFT measurement)
„ OVEX (e.g. V/Hz)
„ Loss of excitation
„ Over/under power function
„ Multipurpose function
„ Other functions (e.g. distance) will typically
operate within range of +/- 5Hz around the
rated frequency.
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 What about other PRxx setting parameters

„ ConnectionType determines type of

wiring connected (e.g. Ph-N or Ph-to-
Ph). See slides 17&18!
„ Negation offers possibility to invert
CT/VT input. Special applications only.
Try to avoid using it!
„ MinValFreqMeas specify the
minimum value of voltage for which
the frequency measurement within PR
is allowed to operate
(in % of UBase)
„ UBase rated primary ph-to-ph voltage
in kV. Only relevant when PR used for
VT inputs! Must be set correctly for
voltage preprocessing blocks!
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-16 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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