Topic: Newtonian Mechanics

Introduction to Newtonian Mechanics

Branch of physics that describes the motion of objects using Newton's laws of motion.

Concepts of force, mass, acceleration, and inertia.

Newton's Laws of Motion

Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in
motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Newton's Second Law (Law of Acceleration): The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the
net force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass (F = ma).

Newton's Third Law (Law of Action and Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite
reaction.

Motion in One Dimension

Position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration.

Equations of motion: d = v_it + (1/2)at^2, v_f = v_i + at, v_f^2 = v_i^2 + 2ad.

Motion in Two Dimensions

Projectile motion: The motion of objects launched into the air, following a curved path under the
influence of gravity.

Vector representation of motion: Displacement, velocity, and acceleration as vectors.

Forces and Free-Body Diagrams

Types of forces: gravitational force, normal force, frictional force, tension force, and applied force.

Free-body diagrams: Visual representations of the forces acting on an object.

Work, Energy, and Power

Work: The transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied over a distance.

Kinetic energy, potential energy, and conservation of mechanical energy.

Power: The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.

Linear Momentum and Collisions

Linear momentum: The product of an object's mass and velocity.

Conservation of momentum in collisions (elastic and inelastic collisions).

Circular Motion and Gravitation

Centripetal force and centripetal acceleration.

Universal law of gravitation: F = (Gm1m2) / r^2, where F is the gravitational force, G is the gravitational
constant, m1 and m2 are masses, and r is the distance between the masses.

Rotational Motion

Angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular acceleration.

Moment of inertia and rotational kinetic energy.

Simple Harmonic Motion

Oscillatory motion, period, frequency, amplitude, and restoring force.

Simple pendulum and mass-spring systems.