Modelo Transporte 4e

Transport Seminar Page 1 of 28
Modelling Transport
Theory and Practice
Frank McCabe, Dublin Transportation Office
Outline
z Background to DTO Model.

z Transportation Modelling - The basics.
z Structure of Transportation Model.
z Running the DTO Model.
z Transport Models of the Future.
DTO Traffic Model - Overview
z Developed as part of DTI.

z Updated by DTO in 1996.
z Update of Trip Patterns in 1997.
z Covers Greater Dublin conurbation.
z Runs overnight on a Pentium PC.
z One of the largest Saturn models in Europe.
Modelling Transport - The Basics
z History of transport Models.

z Zoning Systems.
z Transport Networks.
z Structure of Transport Model.
Models - Historical Perspective
http://www.icetact.tcd.ie/icetact/news/transport/mccabe.html 12/06/2005
z 1970's - Modelling on Mainframes Only.

z 1980's - PC's Become Widely Available.
z 1990's - Practical Implementation.
Aggregate Models - Zoning Systems
z Define Area of Interest

{ Area within which trip patterns will be significantly affected by the implementation of transport
proposals.
z Analyze Existing Trip Patterns in Area of Interest and Predict Future Patterns.
z Analyze Origin / Destination / Route Chosen / Mode of Transport / Trip Purpose.
Typical Zoning System
DTO Model - Zoning
z Hierarchical Zoning System.

z 432 Fine Zones - Fine Zoning in City Centre, coarser zones further out.
z 367 Zones based on DED's and used to compile planning data.
z 58 Strategic Zones.
z 20 Coarse Zones.
Transport Networks
z Defined in terms of nodes and links.

z In highway network, nodes are junctions, links are sections of road between junctions.
z In rail network, nodes are railway stations, links are sections of railway track.
z Public Transport services are defined in terms of frequency, speed, and routing through nodes.
z Highway networks are divided into a Simulation area where full junction details are coded, and a Buffer
area which is less detailed.
The Transport Network
Connecting Zones to Network
DTO Model - Networks
z Simulation and Buffer Highway networks (1,220 Simulation Junctions and 3,900 Links).
z Bus network coded as part of highway network with full Dublin Bus Timetable routings and services.
z All Suburban Rail, Dart and Arrow services coded as part of the Rail Network in accordance with current
Irish Rail Timetable.
Structure of Transport Model
Classic Trip Generation
Trip Distribution
Classic Trip Distribution
DTO Model - Trip Generation /

Trip Distribution
z Base Year Trip Generation and Distribution derived from multi-modal O/D surveys.
z Trip end totals validated against demographic / land use data.
z Trip demand forecast based on demographic, land use, macro-economic forecasts and expansion of base
year trip rates.
Modal Split
Generalized Cost of Travel
Modal Split - Logit Model
Hierarchical Logit Model
Combined PT Cost
Trip Assignment
z This is the final stage of the classic 4-stage modelling process.

z Following the modal split, each trip matrix is assigned to the appropriate transport network.
z This assignment is done on the basis of minimum generalized cost of travel between each i,j pair of zones.
Highway Trip Assignment
Speed / Flow Curve
Cost - Flow Relationships
Highway Trip Assignment
z Trips are assigned to the highway network on the basis of generalized cost of travel on each link.
z This generalized cost as defined earlier is a linear combination of the link journey time and the link
distance + fixed costs such as parking or tolls.
z The link journey time is calculated from the cost - flow curve for the link.
Wardrop Equilibrium
z The trips are assigned to the highway network using the "Wardrop Equilibrium Principle".
z The "Wardrop Equilibrium Principle" states:
"Under equilibrium conditions, traffic arranges itself in congested networks in such a way that no
individual trip maker can reduce his path costs by switching routes".
z If all trip makers perceive costs in the same way then the "Wardrop Equilibrium Principle may be re-
stated as follows:
"Under equilibrium conditions traffic arranges itself in congested networks such that all routes
between any Origin / Destination pair have equal and minimum costs, while all unused routes have
greater or equal costs."
z In practice, the assignment of trips to the highway network involves an iterative procedure until
equilibrium conditions are reached. Each iteration involves:
{ Doing an all-or-nothing assignment to the cheapest route.
{ Calculating the current flows as a linear combination of the previous flow + the flow from the all-or-
nothing assignment.
{ Re-calculating the travel costs on each link.
{ Repeating the three steps until the travel costs on each link are equal and the "Wardrop Equilibrium"
condition has been reached.
Combined Mode Split / Highway Assignment
Joint Assignment / Mode Split
Running the full DTO Model
DTO Model - Overall Structure
z Saturn - Highway Assignment.

z Satchmo - Mode Split + PT Assignment.
z Satwin - Windows Interface.
z Trip Attraction / Generation model.

z Evaluation Sheet, ArcView GIS - View model outputs.
z Utilities - Park, Compo, Mway.
DTO Model - Overall Structure
Model Runs - PC Resources
z Saturn Assignment - 2 Hours.

z Full Model Run - 6 to 8 Hours.
z DOS based Saturn / Satchmo uses full CPU resources.
z Multi-Tasking not possible.
Transport Models of the Future
z Graphical (not textual) inputs and outputs.

z Automation of Traffic, Planning and Census inputs.
z Geo-coding of trip origins and destinations (Zip codes).
z Full integration with GIS (Inputs and Outputs).
z Allow multi-tasking.
z Use full resources of networked PC's.
z Simulation of traffic flows in real time.
Modelling Transport
Theory and Practice
Frank McCabe, Dublin Transportation Office
Back to Main Page
More information from Audrey Crosbie or Maria Treanor
ICeTACT HPCN TTN Network

Modelo Transporte 4e

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Modelo Transporte 4e

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Modelo Transporte 4e

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Transport Seminar Page 1 of 28

Frank McCabe, Dublin Transportation Office

z Background to DTO Model.

DTO Traffic Model - Overview

z Developed as part of DTI.

Modelling Transport - The Basics

z History of transport Models.

Models - Historical Perspective

z 1970's - Modelling on Mainframes Only.

Aggregate Models - Zoning Systems

z Define Area of Interest

Typical Zoning System

DTO Model - Zoning

z Hierarchical Zoning System.

z Defined in terms of nodes and links.

The Transport Network

Connecting Zones to Network

DTO Model - Networks

Irish Rail Timetable.

Structure of Transport Model

Classic Trip Generation

Classic Trip Distribution

DTO Model - Trip Generation /

Generalized Cost of Travel

Modal Split - Logit Model

Hierarchical Logit Model

z This is the final stage of the classic 4-stage modelling process.

Highway Trip Assignment

Speed / Flow Curve

Cost - Flow Relationships

Highway Trip Assignment

condition has been reached.

Combined Mode Split / Highway Assignment

Joint Assignment / Mode Split

Running the full DTO Model

DTO Model - Overall Structure

z Saturn - Highway Assignment.

z Trip Attraction / Generation model.

DTO Model - Overall Structure

Model Runs - PC Resources

z Saturn Assignment - 2 Hours.

Transport Models of the Future

z Graphical (not textual) inputs and outputs.

Back to Main Page

More information from Audrey Crosbie or Maria Treanor

ICeTACT HPCN TTN Network

You might also like