Aula de Inglês

Conditionals
We’re going to start with the zero conditional. This conditional is used when the result will
always happen. So, if water reaches 100 degrees, it always boils. It's a fact.

If + condition (simple present) + result (simple present).

Examples:
a) If I miss the 8 o’clock bus, I’m late for work.
b) If people don’t eat they get hungry.
c) Plants die if they don’t get enough water.
d) The ice melts if you heat it.

We can also use “when” instead of “if”:

When I get up late I miss the bus.
The first conditional is used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course,
we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could
easily come true.
If + conditional (present simple) + will + result (infinitive).
Examples:
a) If I am not tired, I’ll go to the concert.
b) If it rains, I won't go to the park.
c) If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.
d) If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.
e) She'll be late if the train is delayed.
f) She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.
g) If I see her, I'll tell her.
The second conditional is a little more complicated, as it has two uses.
If + condition (past simple) + would + result (infinitive).
First, we can use it to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true.
Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example.

a) If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the lottery)
b) If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.
c) She would travel all over the world if she were rich.
d) She would pass the exam if she ever studied.(She never studies, so this won't happen)

Second, we can use it to talk about something in the present which is impossible, because
it's not true. Have a look at the examples:

a) If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's impossible for
me to call him).
b) If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.
Now, the third conditional talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't
happen, and to imagine the result of this situation.

If + condition (past participle) + would + result (present perfect).

Examples:
a) If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't
study and so she didn't pass).
b) If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel
sick).
c) If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane.
d) She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier.
e) She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university.
f) He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine.