t:e

e ljht
p e@I*
VVW ENTS

INTRO DUCTIO N

STAG E 1: The first step.

K156 Scanning Iights controller ................,......,,,.........,..4
K157 High-powerinterface .........,...........................,... 10
K163 'Voice' 'and sequencerdisplay .,.....,........,...,............13
K164 Vu-meter .....,...............,........,.,................13
K048 m %tep sequencer ...............................,...........17
K068 mod' lfied l step sequencer .............,........,............,17
printed circuitboard patterns .....,..,...,...........................21

STAGE 2: Basic electronic instrum entation.

K10& 1 Dig'
salspeedometer ...,..,..................................24
K108-2 Bargraph speedometer ............,.,.......................28
K108-3 BargM ph l ellevelm eter .............,.,.....................30
K145 Speedom eterdisplay .............................,..........34
K109-1 Digitaltachometer ......,...,.,.......,...,.,................39
K109-2 Bargraph tachom eter ........,...................,......,....zla
K10g-3 Bargraph oiIpressure meter ...,.....................,....,....45
K109-4 Bargraph u tertem perature m eter ..............................48
K10g-5 Bargraph voltm eter ....,.,,.....,,.,,..........,.........,..50
K146 Tachom eterdispl ay .,.,................,.............,.......53
K149 Dum my di splay,120 LEDS ,..,.............,..................58
printed circu'
l
tboard patterns ........,.....,........,................G1

STAGE 3: Addfng a digitalodometerand otheroptions. 65

K171 Dig' talodom eter ..,..............,..........................66

K174 Rem ote odometerdisplay .................................,...76
K151 Scanning display,60 LEDS ..........,........,................77
K152 Dum my display,60 LEDS ....,.......,.,.......,..............80
printed circuitboard patterns .......,.....,.....,....................81

color page
STAG E 4: Going fudher.
INTRO D UCTIO N

Everyprojecthasitsstarting point,in ordt'

rtosoneday oranother,reach a
goal.Thissoundslogical. Butinfact,someprojectqneverend,whetheritisby choiceor
due to discouragem ent. In som e cases,even ifgreatw ork has been accom plished,people
involved can feelthatnothing has been com pleted and willlose al1m otivation. To prevent
this,itisimportantbeforebeginning anymojectto clividetheworkintosmaller,clearand
realistobjectives. W hen thisiswelldone,chancesarethatmotivation willbekeptatits
highestlevel.

The projectwe are aboutto introduce you to makesno exception to the

above stm ement. lthasalready been divided into fourdistinctstages,butyou are free to
splitthesestagesinto sm allerfragmentsifyou feelm orecom fo> blethisway.

These fotlrstagesare:

STAG E 1 -the firststep

STAG E 2 -basic eledronic instrum entation
STAG E 3 -adding a digitalodom eterand otheroptions
STAG E 4 -going fufther

W e suggestyou to follow this order,unlessyourm ind hasalready locked on

one speciic circuit.
2
CO M PA NY LISTING S

Sugges'ted supplie:
rs are given into parts lists. Selection has been made
according to the quality ofthe parts, quality ofthe servioe,price and availability. You oan
order the parts from the suggested suppliers, or use their numbers as a reference for a
detailed description ofeach partin theirrespecuve catalogs. The textalso refers to several
suppliers.Complete coordinatesofthesuppliersarelistedbelow .

AllEiedroni
c.sCofp. order: 888-8215432
14928OxnardQ fax: 818-781-2653
VanNuys,CA 01411-2610 phone: 818-0044524
www.allelectronics.cnm

Digi-KeyCorm ration order: 800-344.4539

70JBrooksAvenueSouth fax: 218-691-3380
ThiefRiverFalls,MN 56701 phone: 218-681-6674
www. digi
key.œm
JamecoEledronics orden 800-831-4242
1355ShorewayRoad fax: 800-237.4948
Belmont,CA 94002 phone: 650-592-8097
wwwjameco.com
Jupi
terElectronics (formerlyModem L*s)
22KindersleyAve
MonbRoyal,Qc
H3R 1P9 Canada
wwwjtlpiteze.
com
Loui
sellEntelprises phone: 989-330-3551
6516BellingerDrive fax: 989-773.9182
Mtpleasant,Ml48858
www.roblouisell.
com
MouserElectronics order: 800-346-6873
1000NorthMainStreet fax: 817404-3809
Mansield,TX 76063.1514 phone: 817-304-3625
www.mouseccom

SummitPkadngEqui pment order: 800-2304030

P.O.Box909 fax: 330. 630-5333
Akrcn,OH 44398-6177 phone: 330-63(93030
www.summi traci
ng.corp
 3

STAG E 1: The firststep.

H ere isthe starting point. ln thissecdon,you willfind schem aticsof

a scanning Iightscontroller,a simulated ''
voice''display and a four-step sequencer.
n ese circuitscan be installed in nlm ostany veâicle,wllet:eritisJapanese,a '55
Ckevy orthe ultim ate GTA Ponuac Trans-Am . n ey also m ake p'eatconversation
pieceswhen strategically placed in tàe living room .

You willfind detailsaboutthe following boards:

* K166 scanning Iights controller

* K157 high-powerinterlace forK156
* K163 ''
voicenand sequencerdisplay
* K164 Vu-m eter
* K048 m step sequencer
* K068 modi fied ostep sequencer
4

* K156 Scanning Iights controller

n e scanning lights controller presented here is loaded with unique

feattlres. First it ks a m odular design,which gives versatility to the unit n e
controller is intended to be m ounted inside tàe car, and a high-power interface,
presentedin thefollowingsection,m ountsin tâeenginecom partm ent nearthe front
end. n isallowstlle use ofa sm alltelephone cable between the two boxes rather
than routing largerwh'esdirectly from thecontrollerthrough the firewall. Sincethe
controllerunitV IIbe m ounted in an accessible,viewable area,em phasisisputon
the enclosure and its look. Illum inated switches,high-intensity LEDS and color-
m atched knob are am ong the suggested details.

n en,itllasa K anning speed controland a separate power sw itcll,so

thatspeeddoesnotneedtobeadjusted everytl
'metheunitisturnedON.

Butitsm ostrem arkable feature isitsinterm ittentm ode. Very sim ple
in principle,itgivesam azing results. Aboutevery 20 seconds,the unitwillsurtto
perform a few scansand then willstop. Now im agine your car leftunattended by
a clearsumm ernight. n en think aboutthe pedestriansthatwillpassnearby. 'l7m ,
/
interm ittentoperadon intKiguesand foolspedestriansofallages! You have no ideà
abouthow m any conversationsthatwillbe held around yourcar.

As an additionalfeahue,a flashing LED rem indsthe driver tbattite

interm ittentm ode isO N .

Figure 1showsthe schem aticdiagram ofthe controllercircuit. N otice

the three distinct sections: interm ittent m ode,LED flasher and back-anddoe
Sequencer.
 5

'
M@
+u v
fbov.j ax x
.: a . LED flasller
7 T*
1'a , :
l z ! n 1 4
4u
:K 555 43 M X 1 TIP31C a 7e 1 l/ax f
a
1 Intermi
ttentmode T +
1*pF * V =0.693R01 ING I IM D 1x K *2P
f.
l u =Q,69a(Ry+Rpçj 1@K

+n V . 1NA9*1 +u v
(l
snlfion) 4.
:
10 J
# Q'IP' xx wx
q x, lzsx yy

= 4060 1*
*
= ; : 4 *

12

,3 1*
4070
3
- a # 19 11
>@ la 1: 11

* 4028 o
=
3 1* : 19 1 * 7 4

zNu m
1 : 3 4 5. 6 z g
E5B@z9Ql
#
*@@

=
6
lnterm ittentm ode

O ne 555 oscillatorcMp isused asapulse generator. Resistors R 1,112

and capacitor C1 determ ine the rate and lenghtofthese pulses, which are supplied
to apowertransistorto switch O N and O FF tlke sequencercircuitvia a silicon diode.
Tim e constantform ulas are given;use them if you wish to alter the interm ittent
m ode delay.

LED flasher

LED w1t.
11built-in flashercircuitsare available, butusually costm ore
than the sim ple LED Easllerm esented.

Back-and-forth sequencer

n e 4060 cllip counts its self generated signaland supplies a binary

output,converted toBCD viaXOR gates(4070),and then applied to a BCD-tO-
decimaldecoder(4K 8).

n e sm allsignalkansistorsused on the outputscan drive currents of

about 150 m A. n atis enough to lightm ost 12 V m iniature lam ps rated below 1
zandela,butthese areviewable only atnight Fora sunligktWewable scanner, build
the K 157 high-powerinterface to drive lam ps ofup to 40 W .
 7

Assem bly

Printed circuitboard pattern ks reproduced atthe end of STA G E 1.

Follow the partsplacem entdiagram shown in Figure 2. Respectthe orientation of
the integrated circuits and polarity ofthe diodes,LEDS and capadtors. N ote the
rightangle shape im posed on the LED Slead pins.

You willhave to cutopeningsintheprojectboxforswitches,control,

display,wiresand connector.A f1111size drawing ofthe box isprovided;please refer
to Figure 3.

You should find thatthisplastic is easy to work with,assum ing you

havethe righttools. You willneed an X-ACTO tmife,acraftiron (orsoldering
iron)and a triangularor smallflatfile. Trace the wanted openingson the box
slightly sm aller,w1t.
11theX -A CTO a ife.M eltand rem ove theunwanted areaswith
the iron;cutthe excessw1t.11the X -A CTO knife and sm ooth the edgeswith a file.
Itmighttakeafew adjuse entsoftheredplexiglasswindow beforegettingaperfect
fit; once it is done, glue the window to the bottom pm of the enclosure w1t,
11
plexiglass glue if available or any plastic glue. A color picture of the finished
enclosure can be found atthe end ofSTA GE 3.

lnstallation

n e black wire goesto thevehicle ground;red and orangewiresgo to

positive12V.Itissuggestedtoconnecttheredwh'etoafusedpointswitched00
bythe ignition m asterswitch and the orangeone to a fused pointalwaysO N to allow
forunattended operation ofthe interm ittentm ode,when actived.
8
5156 Parts list
suggested supplier
irltty:pratttytb(lirtltpittl
1 555 timer Jameoo NE555V
1 4001 quad z-inputNOR gate Jameco CDK OI
1 4028 BcD-tm decimaldecoder Jameco CD* 28
1 4060 binary counter/oscillator Jameco CDK 60
1 4070 quad XOR gate (74C86) Jameco CDK 7O
1 TIP3IC transistor10-220 Active 29076
B 2N4401 transistor70-92 AlIEle 2N4401
2 1NK 01 di ode,50 V PRV,1 A Adive 01411
B ESBR3K Ired LED,60 mcd,T-1 (3 mm) Active 13153

resistors (aIl1/4 watt5%)

1 430 ohms 1 510 ohms
1 6* ohms 2 I0K ohms
1 22K ohms 1 47K ohm s
1 IX K ohm s 1 270K ohms
1 IM ohm s
1 125K potentiometer,7/8'1shaq (or10019 Mouser31CX501

capacitors
1 0.1 uF ceram ic,100 V Active 30120
1 2.2 UF electrolytic,pol
ari
zed,50 V Active 33028
1 100 UF electrol#ic,polari
zed,16V Active 33141

m iscellaneous
2 miniature illum inated switch,square,red LED Mous 107-MS800
1 round knob,red insert Mouser450-2040
3 metalscrew Mous 572-01747
1 ABS encl osure,4 x 2.75 x 1.25 ? Mous 537-402-8K
1 modulartelephonejaok,8-oond.PC type M .l-abs JACKI
2''heatshrinkable tube,1/4 to 1/8 / Ad ive 81053
4'20 AW G stranded wire,black Rshack 278-1293
5'20 AW G stlanded wire,red Rshack 278-1293
4'20 AW G stranded wire,orange M ouser515-2040
1 1.25x 0.25''red plexiglass(clear)
1 printed circuitbœ rd M .l-abs PC156
+ solder
+ plexiglass.glue
 O 'v4x' O
9
#

(9rs55 1 t@
& '
-
+fwtl 1 a. a
o j o +(9 ous o
l
ql4(
i
Nlo
xJt j ,,
.
). -----7-*
<ozô rm n
(.,
7
.
> += uf J
@ ('z
l'7t
l.z zwl<<o'
G
1
C! l2St
O & o

Flgure2. Partsplacementdiagram (P156).

FRZNT V IE W

R E A R V IE W
Figure3. Plastlcenclosure (K156).
10
. K157 High-pow erinterface

This interface uses the low power signals out of the scanning lights
conkoller(K156)todrive lampsofup to 40W . Itcopsistsof8powertransistors
sealed in epoxy resin to m ake the unitweatherproof,since itwillbe m ounted in the
engine com partmentsnearthe frontend.

n e lampssuggested are the typefound in som e thh'dbrake lights,and

are available atlow costFom any auto partsreu iler. n ese were selected because
oftheir very high candle poweroutput despite theircom pactsize. Socketsforthis
type are also easy to find.

A n extended fiberglassnose isavailable through LouksellEnterprises.

Ithas an opening for a Iightbar and fitsall1982 - 1992 Firebirds. W hen building
the lightbar,take one comm on wire from each lamp and connectitto the vehicle
ground. U se 18-orl6-gagewiresto connectthe lam psto the interface. Pre-form ed
plexiglasslensprotectorare available in red or am ber;check w1t,
h localauthorities
aboutusing a red lens.

Assem bly

PCB pattern is reproduced atthe end of STA GE 1. O nce you had

assembledandtestedtheboardaccordingtothedrawings(S157-P157),placeitin
the plasuc enclosure and pourin som e liquid epoxyresin untilallpartsare covered.
Refer to the supplier instnzctions to find the needed am ount of hardener. It is
suggested to group in order the 8 outputwires and to ident'
lfy them before sealing
G e board.
 11
+ 12 V

output T*P*at8 tim es

from 1 TIP31C
(wow j
board 156 1

10K GE923 =

Figure4. High powerinterface sohematio (S157) .

o $O o zo o ao owo o so osO av o o o
s
Mmoa. N. Oeaœ fx
rw;l M,.< Mme:, g*=
:4 Nme
+o
,,-
Gk) j j j j j j
o .

Ngure5. Padsplacemgntdiagram (P157).

Installation

Black wire goes to ground, and red wire can be connected directly to
the positive postofthe vehicle battery, butbe sure to place a 5 A fuse in the way
.
12
5157 Parts Iist
suggested supplier
8 TIP3IC transistor,1-0-220 Active 29076
8 10K ohms resistor,1/4 W ,5%
8 921 type I
am p,12 V auto palts
1 plastic enclosure,4 x 2 x 1 3/16 ' Rshack 270-220
15'8-cond.flattelephone cable Mouser15+ 1002
1 m cond.modularplug M ouser154-1002
5'AW G 16 stm nded wire,red auto parts
5'AW G 16 stranded wire,black auto palts
+ AW G 18 stranded wire auto parts
+ liquid epoxy resin (black) auto parts
+ wire markerIabels
1 printed circuitboard M.kabs PC157
+ solder
8 Iam p socket auto parts
 13
K K163 'Voice'
'and sequencerdisplay
* K164 Vu-m eter

n e simulated voice display istheresultofa sym m etricalarrangem ent

often outputsfrom aV u-m eter,which givesa bargraph readoutproportionalto the
level of a sound signal. Round LEDS on both sides of the ''
voice''display are
intended forbacklighting and to be connected to a 4-step sequencer,which w111be
presented in a following section.

An audio tru sform eris used to insulate the V u-m etercircuitfrom

.

the sound source;thatm eansitcan be connected to any car sound system without
affecting itsperform ance.

n e V ulm etercircuitpresented in Figure 6 is a typicalapplication of

the T,
M 3915N integrated circuit specially designed for thatpurpose. Note thatthe
lrstthree outputsare connected to lessLED Sth% the otherseven: thistrick helps
to getthe m out,
h looking effect.

M sem bly

Printed circuitboard patternscan be found at the end of STA G E 1.

Assemblethetwoboardsaccordingto tkepartsplacementdiagrams(P163,P164).
'I'
heprim ary side ofthe audio transform ershould be m arked by a P. A lso check for
properorienGtion oftheLED bargraphs: theanode(+)sideshouldbemarked
byanotch.A stripedjumperwiremustbeplaced onthecoppersidetoconnectall
anodes together.
 14

+,av Thl.oo, # z. z

a'
zo 17o a7o arm
39o %w l
%w ,
Aw uw

PN Q@W

* - .
@ * * 0, * 01
18 1: 1* IQ

LM 3915N

1 2 3 4 : & 'z : @

* lo IK
pe
Ionf.

AUDIO 29K
IN

Flgur. 6.Vu-meterschematic(S1% ).

O n one end of the flat cable,place tlle ID C connector. U sing a

conductivity tester,identify each wire ofthe free end to solder them on the copper
side ofthe display to theirrespective LEDS. M tersuccessf'ulltesting ofthe display,
you could secure the flatcable endwith a silicone sealantto preventbreating ofthe
delicate wiresneartheirsolderl g point.
 15

A K p A M

K
f:lA .CLLL?S
.

O
K A A
Ok
i11ljljljdjli
-qjlj
ehllq@el
DDDDDDDDDD
K
V# A <A kA K AV k
3015 -
1'1'
FWN Go ll
YW
r-l
p
1% K 1 K
O; A
Ok
A/

Flgure 7. Partsplacementdiagrams (P16% P164).

lr)iltlhlliltitlr!

Black wires go to the vehicle ground,and red wires can be connected

to any fused pointturned 0 > by the ignition switch orby a m aster cut-offswitch.
n eaudio signalcan come from theFontleftspeaker. Adjusttâepotentiometer
(P1)togetthebestvariaion on tâedisplayataveragesound level.
16
5163 Parts Iist
suggested supplier

6 bargraph LED display,10-seg.,red AllElec BG-IO

4 yellow LED,T-1nI4 (5 mm),250 mcd M ou 59251.H56U 3
4 red LED,T-13/4 (5 mm),250 mcd M ou 59251+ 156W 3
11flatcable,lo-cond.,28 AW G
1 IDC connector Jameco S10
15*AW G 20 stranded wire,red Rshack 278-1293
15NAW G 20 stranded wire,black Rshack 278-1293
+ pri nted circuitboard M .l-abs PC163
+ solder

S164 Parts list

suggested supplier
integrated circuits
1 LM3915N bargraph display driver,log. Jam eco LM3915N
10 PN2907 transistor,70-92 AllElec PN2907
1 INK OI di odej50 V PRV,1 A Active 01411

resistors

($ 390 ohms,1/4W ,5%

14 270 ohms,1/2 W ,5%
1 IK ohms,1/4 W ,5%
1 20K ohms potentiometer,1/2W ,TO-5 grid Jameco63P20K

capacitor
1 10 uF tantalum ,35 V Jam eoo TMIO

m iscellaneous

1 audiotmnsformer,1.5V 600 (CX Mouser427M 022

1 ri
ghtangle male header,10 contacts Jameco 923872R
1 18-pin IC socket Jameco I8LP
158AW G 20 stranded wire,red Rshack 278-1293
15*AW G 20 stranded wire,black Rshack 278-1293
:$'z-cond.audio wire,22 AW G Rshack 278-1385
1 printed oiroui
tboard M .l-abs PC164
+ solder
 17

M K048 M-step sequencer

K K068 m odified M-step sequencer

Two versions ofthe same circuitare presented. n e first (S048)

features a resetaccess and allows to choose between keeping tlle lastlightO N or
OFF;itwasintended to drive miniature 12 V lnmps. n e second (S068)has
resistorson its outputs,thusallowi'
ag to dlive LED S;also,itkeepseack outputO N
untilpower is shutdown.

Either circuitcan be used to geta one-tim e-only four-step sequence

when the ignition switch isturned O N .Them odified version connectsdirectly to the
LED Sinstalled on both sides ofthe ''
voice''display.

80th PCB patternsare reproduced atthe end ofSTA G E 1. Referto

therespecdvepartsplacementdiagrams(P048 orP068). PotentiometerP1varies
therateofthepulsegeneratorIC (555).

Installation

A s usual,the black wire goes to the vehicle ground and the red one
connectsto any fused point turned 0 H 7by the ignition switch. Connectthe four
outputsto I.EDS or m iniature lamps. N ote thatthese outputs are positive: ifyou
use lamps,connect one com m on lead to ground. LEDS on the ''voice''display
already have theircathodesrouted to ground.
18

+1a
01 j T,-*.
1**00 oa f
loop ResEï 2*3:9*
3*
's 2
R1 = RuN
*7K *
Ra
I* K 1C2 1
p1 50 *olz
* * lo
6 3 1*
161 1
2 s5: o pn y
7 1 5
1 !k a *
* t: :3 13
l9p .@1p

Flgure8. 4-step sequencersohematic (S048).

'

po g j 1 3
4oauvax@g t
Rra-a
gx (V-
D '-s
.
f
-..= - oof ,
soDs o
< x ss+oev
.oda j ,
ui
un

Flgure9. Partsplacementdiagram (P048).

 19

+ 12V IN *
1N4091 ** l 33p 11
2N4Am
= 2
*
47K
* @
3 14 7
4017
6 555 1@
OK .
a 5 13
1N4903
*
1
1QpF o.m P!t 390
* 15 WW
1 2 3 *

Figure 10. modised4-stepsequencerschematic (S068).

+ e
œ .jtxu O O

&o
EZO1.. trua+(9' COK
so .sj : 'Ws
e n C4
.,
rrm o .
c o
j a. s5 0.e
oo
(3!D j z
zovo1

Flgure 1f. Padsplacementdiagram (P068).

20
K068 (orK048) Partslist
suggested supplier
integrated circuits
1 555 timer Jameco NE55SV
1 K 17 decade counter/divider Jameco CD4017
4 2N4401 transi
stor,10-92 AllElec2N4401
5 1NK 01 diode,50 V PRV,1 A Active 01411

resistors
4 390 ohms,1/2 W ,5%
1 47K ohms,1/4W ,5%
1 50K potentlometer,1/2W ,T0-5 grid Jameco 63P50K

capacitors
ï c.0ï uF cem m ic,foo V Acti
ve 31035
1 10 uF eiectrol ytic,polarized,35 V Acti
ve 33115
1 :93 UF electrolytic,polarized,25 V Adive :* 067

m iscellaneous
2'20 AW G stranded wire,black gshack 278-1293
2'20 AW G stranded wire,red Rshack 278-1293
2'o oond.cable,solid Rshack 278-757
1 ptinted circuitboard M .lmbs PC068
+ solder
 @ A A * -
Z 21

. .,
-jy
j.,.
!
A/
w
!.gj
-.,. xu.
u .
lo * #
U# >:$:
; * : * 3 ; 1

X
)W
Crêf')
%
/ .,
s
i-. N ,.....r
M <fff/zl!
* l IJJ .

. . !
D.nl.. Z
. --...hj',
...
..-.

g >
o
> ? œ &%* vu- x.
d * u *

'
*

9 : : 4 1 9 11 : : 9 1 @ *-$4:p 5eœ EN :!R *

* - +

111::.*:jjj4:1:::1:: -
''
:
11 U048 &.M- *
, -11111
,
----
.
-
1
--
...-------- ''''
1- -
'''''''''''''''
-. 1
2
.
--
, , '------
- '
-1111
,
--
1111,
--:.1-,
n
<j 16 3 l ,- .
z-
-
.
- - '
>- > œ .
@ *

-. * 4-$Tf# SEQ UENCE/

15 7 HIPOW ER inlerfote 1
g 7 6 s 4 3 2 1 . r -
a :.
JTJîJIJU IJîJIJI. e
.

*
: z
œ
ye
#.
06@
 23
STAG E 2: Basic electronic instrum entation.

n e second stage coversthe m ostvisible partofthe digiGldashboard

and t:em ostusefulgages. ltlvolvesreplacing the stock dashboard insm lm entsby
eleckonic ones and the stock dash pad by a new fiberglass dash,available from
LouisellEnterprises. Itfitsallproduction yearsofthe m odel-F car.

n is secdon deals w1t.

11 a digitaland bar graph speedom eter,a bar
graph fuellevelm eter,a digitaland bargraph G chom eter,a bargraph oilpressure
m eter, a bar graph water tem perature m eter, a bar graph vole eter and som e
dumm y displays.

n e followhlg boardswillbe presented:

K K108 digitalspeedom eterand fuel

> K109 digitaltachom eter,oiIand tem perature
* Kl45 speedom eterdi
splay
* K146 tachom eterdisplay and voltm eter
* K149 dummy display,120 LEDS
24
* K108-1 Digitalspeedom eter

n e 3-digiteleckonic speedom eterwe have designed hasbeen proven

to be as accurate as any stock or afterm arketproduct. It com bines a very short
response tim e and an excepdonally steady display which w111 alm ost never step a
single digit

A speed sensorisused to geta squm'e wave signalwhose frequency is

proportionalto thevehicle'sspeed. Itm ountson one end ofthespeedom etercable.
A GM m eed sensor,sim ilar in pdnciple to the suggested one,m igkt already be
m ounted on yourcar. Y ou can use its outputifyou find its or sim ply add another
O11e.

n e digitalspeedom etercircuitpresented by Figure 12 can be seen as

twoseparatesections.Inthefirst.afrequencpto-volGgeconverterchip(LM'
2917N)
convertstheincomingpulses(from thespeedsensor)intoapropoo onalDC vologe.

n atvoltxge levelis inputto the second secdon,which consists ofa

pair of chips designed specifically for digitalnum ericalsystem s,the CM 161E and
CA 3162E. ' The heartofthe digio lreadoutsystem residesinside thislater,a dual-
slope,dual-speed,analog-to-digitalconverter. 11 paro er,the CM 161E,isa BCD-
to-seven-sem entdecoderand driver chip. Com plete inform ation aboutrespective
m axim um ratingsand electricalcàaracteristicsofthese two integrated circuitscan be
found in RCA data bulletin File N o.1079 and 1080.

For a reason thatissoon to becom e obvious,thefrequency-tœ volu ge

converterissetto deliver2.5 V at 100 NIPH by adjusting R34,which willbe
m ounted on a rem ote board.
 25

m
+1a-15V
1ç: :F@o5
IN4(xQ R2: ** C* 6 <:'
r
ïra T;K 4.
x w ojj = 1op
= =
13
3r $uRJ
l'
@
exT
1: 11 !@ 9 @
IC*
KM Q9ITN

FREQUENC' 1 : 3 * 5 Rm
INPUT $EE TEXT

(V EEp P3Q CY C p:jl Ra

> N$oR)1@K R33 ox u 5:: *30 lo C11
:QK ' F- R 1jz m p ê:
O ZERO
= =
P*
C:r 1* K 11 11 @ @
GAIN 13
1*
If'
1ZC c1Q
1:
l .33p
1* 1: 1 q : 3 *
=

* Q 1 7
3 1Cg
0 31*3:

= la 1Q 11 Y @ 15. 1*

A @ C @ % '

CA tEp
@ISPLA'

C0 M T1
ANO DE .
TQ

T3
M M Q@W A

Flgure12. Digi
talspeedometerschematlc (S1Q8-1).
26
n e CM 162E displays the ïnputdîfferentialbetween its pins 10 and
11,in m illivolts. To display 100 M PH ,the CM 162E m ustread 100 m v atitsinput.
n e 2.5 V isthusreduced to 100 m v via a volu ge divider,m ade ofR30 and R31.
D ifferentcom binauons are suggested; use precksion resistorsto keep accuracy

suggested values: (in ohms)

R30 R31

24K 1K
30.1K 1.27K
2.91K 121

N otes:

1. n egain adjustmentpotentiometer(P6)willcompensateforsmalldecimal
dA erencesin the voltage divider.

C10 éontrolsresponse tirne and outputstability. lfeveryou werenotsatisfed

by the circuit's perform ance,tly a 2.2 IJ,Y or a 3.3 P,
F instead of tàe 1 P,
F value
suggested. Response tim e willbe a little longer,but the dip lay willbe steadier,
particularly atreduced speed.

3. IC5,alongw1t11D 1,D2,C6 and C7,deliversa regulated 5 voltsDC to supply

lC7 and IC8.n is5 V isalso used asa referencevoltageforthe fuelcircuitmon the
sam e printed circuitboard.

4. n isdigio lreadoutsystem willdisplay 'EEE''forreading greatertxan + 999

m v and '--''forreading m ore negative than -99 m V . Knowing thism ighthelp you
in troubleshooting procedures,ifa problem wasto occur.
 27
S108-1 Parts list
suggested supplier
integrated oircui
ts and optoeled ronics
IC5 -7805 +5V regulatorTO-220,IA Mouser511-L7e05CV
10,6 -LM2917N frequenoy-to-voltage conveder,lo pin Jam eco LM2917N-14.
IC7 -CA3162E analog to digilalconverter Jam eco CM 162E
IC8 -CA3161E decoderand drker Mouser570-CA3161E
D1,D2,D3 -INK 0I diode,50V PRV,IA Actl
ve 014.11
T1,T2,T3-2N2907A transistorTO-18 (me>l) Jameco 2N2907A
1 MM 6910 hred z-digit.56*CA display M ouser592-L86910
1 MAN6960 hred l-digit.56.
.CA display Mouser592-% 6960

resistors(al11/4watt,5% unless otherwisenoted)

R28,R32,R35 -10K ohms
R29 -4.
70 ohm s
RK ,R:1 -see te2
RM -22K ohms
R34 -2X K,redangularmultiturn trim mer Mouser323..
433-2* K
P5 -K K,square multitum trimmer Mouser594-64P503
P6 -10K potentiom eter,single turn Mouser594-751-1-10K

capacitors
C6,C11-100 uF eledrolWic,polarized,16V Active 33141
C1 - 10 uF tantalum ,35 V Jam eco TMIO
C8,G9 -0.022 uF polyester,250 V Active 6* %
.
C10 - 1 uF electrolytic,polarized,50 V Jameco R1/50
C12 -0.33 uF tantalum ,35 V Mouser541)-(1.3t$M :5

m iscellaneous
2 lo pin lC socket Jam eco 14LP
2 16-pin IC socket Jameco 16LP
1 T0-220 heatsink Mouser567-7-323-8A
3 screw (round head,1 /z4 + hex nut,4/40 Mouser572-...
1 printed circuitboardsset(108 + remote,C3) MO bs PGIO
1 speed sensor Sum mitCYB-BK I
+ wires,20 AW G stranded; black,red and yellow
+ z-oonductorspeakerwire,20 AW G -
+ solder
28
. K108-2 Bargraph speedom eter

n e bar graph speedom eterpresented hlFigure 13 directly takes the

lequencpreladvevolGgeon pin 5oftheLM2917N (Figure 12)anddisplaysitas
a row ofLED Sw1t11a 5 M PH by LED resolution. rfhe circuitisassem bled on the
K 145 display board.

W ithin each displaydriverchip (T,M3914N),tâevoltage to pin 5 is

bufered and applied to the negadve inputoften comparators. Each comparator's
positive inputisreferenced to a threshold voluge 12.5 m illivoltsabove the threshold
voltage ofthe previouscom parator. A s the inputvolo ge on pin 5 increases,each
com paratoroutputgoesdown,folw ard-biasingtheLED S,slnrtingw1:1:LEr zlwhen
tlle inputis 125 m v and ending w1t.
11V 1748 wken the inputis3.5 volts.

n e com parator threshold volugesin IC9,1C10 and ICII are setin

increm ents equal to one-tenth the volu ge applied between pins 4 and 6. To
accurately esublish the 125 m v increm ents,we used the 1.25-volt reference on
1M 3914N 's term inal7.

Com parator threshold volG ges in IC 10 are allreferenced to the last

i reshold volG ge ofIC9 byconnecdngpin 7 ofIC9 to pin 8 ofICIO. n isforcesthe
volo ge source in IC10 to rem ain between 1.25 and 2.5 volts. A pplying th1 source
across pins 4 and 6 sets the threshold volu ges of the com parators driving LED 31
and taED 40 at 1.375 and 2.5 volts, respectively. '
I'he third IC is chained to the
second in the Kam e way tkatthe second is chained to the first
+12-1$V

R%
680 ' *' R*@
''' 6*9

kepm E t'O E U IY tEol 2 #

77 up3: L:pe
E kgpll
1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 32
IC@ lC1@ < 11
I.M A A*N kM a@1* N tM a*1* N
1 @ 1 2 a * s l # a @ l
@

= = =
=
PIN ;-IC*

:so R51 R52

IK :.2K I:K

= = = 1

Flgur. 13. Bargraph speedometersohematlc (S108-2). t'

o
r
30
5108-2 Parts Iis.
t
suggested supplier
integrated circui
ts and optoeledronics
($ 1.M3914N barglaph display driver Jameço LM3914N
12 square 5 m m green LED Mouser351-6821
2 square 5 mm yellow LED Mouser351-6831
14 square 5 mm red LED Mouser3581..
513

resistors (aI11/4 watt,5%)

14 680 ohms
1 IK ohms
1 2.2K ohm s
1 3.3K ohm s

K K108-3 Bargraph fuellevelm eter

n efuellevelm etercircuitdescribed workswith theFirebird'soriginal

fuellevelsender. n issendergivesa linearreskstancevariation directly proportional
to the fuellevel. U sing an ohm eter,we should read a 90-o%m reskstance between
the senderoutputand vehicle ground atRIIIlevel,and zero when em pty.

Figure 14 shows the electlicalschem atic oftâe fuelIevelm eter. An

inputbuffer,form ed by C1,R4,P1 and R5,willpreventthe dip lay from ox illating
w1t.
h everym ovem entoftheveldcle,thuselim inatingthe ''floating''esect.n ebufer
sG nds on board # 108,while the display drivers are m ounted directly on the K 145
display board. For m ore deuils aboutthese display driver cldps,refer to the bar
graph speedom etersection.
 *'
n -35#
* () .. . 1N*902
. ., Vo 1x g
kEm t'm *
2 D E E z
2 M u #
k'/l@ t:D20
1* 1@ &:
IC 1 M) SM
1<a
' kAq3@1*N kM3@14N
R7
1 a a * s w z a @ *
1 a a * s l y a p 3/2w

= = = =
*4 -- .- -

IIn 1
xx Io-voo ms
. l js:xojso
*7 l 'uxlr
C'e $ 1
@* > R, u. . . . .
j
'K 7a loox
K r
r' =
.

.
Figuro14. BY graphfue!levelmetersohematkc (S1GO ). tw
i- k
32
5108-3 Parts Iist
suggested supplier
integrated dm uits and optoelectronics
2 LM3914N bargraph display dri
ver Jam eco LM3914N
2 bargraph LED dlsplay,lo-seg.,green AIlEIec BG-IOG

resistors(all1/4 watt,5% unlessothelwisê noted)

1n 680 ohm s
1 IK ohms
1 2.2K ohm s
2 IOOK ohm s
1 66 ohms,1/2 w:
.
11
1 50K,redangularmul
titurn trimm er M ouser594-439503

capaci
tor
f 47 UF eledrolytic,polarized,50 V Jam eco R47/K
+ orange wire,20 AW G stranded

Note: Parts marked by a '

k'on the schem atic ar* shared with anothercircut

Assem bl
y

Plinted circuitboard patternsare reproduced atthe end ofSTAG E 2.

Figure 15 shows the parts placem ent diagram of board # 108,on which stand the
speedom eterand tâe fuellevelm eterinputbuffer. Itissuggested to use IC sockets.

Calibratioa and installation instructions willbe given after tâe K 145

display board section.
 33

@ rl
.(
x
v
0'a
+
r.
-n
x
@ ek
%!.. Y
rp-
In O
('*
---)
hR +
qk 1x11.
41*78
aa jw a

* jx
jt*
l'
) xra o*.
1 fawnQ>+ oq&kx.
i
-i- I
-
- ! a..,wa
*
o6,
-5 œ :=' .......
V

Flgure 15. Partsplaoementdiagram (P1(%).

34
K K145 Speedometerdisplay

n e K 145 display board holds the 28 LED S of the bar graph

speedom eter, the digital speedom eter digits and the fuellevel m eter bar graph
LED S. Space is also allowed for30 dum my LED Sand for the optionalodom eter
digits.

Assem bly

Itissuggested to spray a few coatsofblack paintoverthe com ponent

side ofthe displayboard beforebeginningitsassem bly.n en you can solderdirectly
theintegrated circuitson tlle board; ifyou use IC sockets,choosea 1- profiletype.

n e board was first designed to accom odate 5-m m square LED S

(speedometerbargraph)andenclosed 10 lightarrays(dummies)butyou arefzee
to use other types ofLED S. lfyou use T-1?A round LED S,you m ighthave to cut
their basalflange. Resistors in the firstrow of the dum my LED S need a special
installation twist: one oftxeirleadsmustbe bended and used as ajumperto
connectLED Sin pairs. n e particularPCB pattern in this area is intended for an
option thatwillbe discussed in a following section.

Figure 16 illustrates the partsplacem entdiagram .

 35
5145 Parts list
suggested supplier
resistors (aII1/4 waq,5%)
5 470 ohms
6 680 ohm s
2 820 ohm s

othereled ronic com ponents

1 1NK 01 diode,50 V PRV,1 A Ad ive 01411
1 47 uF eledrolytic,polarted,50 V Jam eco R47/50
($ ençlosed 10 lightarray,red LEDS Mouser351-2011

m iscellaneous
1 rightangle male header,double row,10 contads Jam eco 923872R1
1 IDC socketconnedor,10 contads Jam eco S10
1 DIP plug connedor,14 contacts Jam eco 609-14
1'flatcable,lo-cond.,28 AW G
2 ring term inal M ouser159-2222
1 printed oircuitboard M u bs PC145
+ wires,20 AW G stranded;black,red,yellow and orange
+ jumperwires
+ solder

P:snap apart)
 36

*
'

* W * * * X *

s
k Lm 914N
km 914N . G
(5y:
El
1
a,s ..x
g 4
1
.
111
,-!
@
1
j
1
4---,
.--- ---,-.-
1

jj
c.ac. x ,
j.='
========= .
* 4

11111111111111111jjjjj c c c c c c c c c c
Oen 1
1
x.,.. u. .x jj cwo o,+!! 4
1
111111111111111111 X .
== ==cOc==X 1
4

Flgure16. Partsplacementdiagram (P145).

4

1
1

4
 37
Calibration

* speedom eter

Placethegainpotentiometer(P6)in itscenterposition. Tozerothe

gage, tem pormily short-circuit pins 10 and 11 of the CX3162E w1t11 a sm all
screwdriverandslowlyadjustP5untilyougetasteadyzerodisplayed.Removingthe
short-circuitshould note ectthe é splay unless the inputwire isfloating in a very
hostile environm ent.

Y ou can calibrate your electronic speedom eter wità the stock

speedometeroragainstan othercarrlznningatagiven speed. Adjusttlleremote
potentiom eter to getthe rightspeed dip layed on the digitaldip lay. For an eveù
greater accuracy the bargraph secdon can be calibrated by adjuse g the gain
poteniometer(P6)to geta new LED on w1t. : each muldple of5 on the digital
displaywhile feedingthecircuitw1t.
h asquarewave signalon theworkbenclu In fact
you are calibrating the digitalsection referring to the bar graph.

@ fuelIevelm eter

n eoreticalcalibration of the bar graph f'

uellevelm eter is done by
placing two lK -ohm ,l/xwattresistors in parallelbetween ground and the circuit
input.AdjustP1justbeforethepointwherethelastLED willgo on.

Note txatthe circuitwillnotreactinstantly to each variadon ofthè

potentiom eter due to the presence of an inputbuffer.
38
Installation

Black wiresgo to the vehicle ground and red wirescan be connected

to any fused pointturned offby the igniion switc: or by a m aster cut-offswitch.

n e c'ustom flatcable assembly,m ade ofan insuladon displacem ent

connector(m C)on oneend andofa 14-pin DIP connectorontheotherII:Sthe
displayboard to the K 108 speedom etercircuitboard. n e D C end connectson the
cop ponentside ofthe display board.

Two otherwires are needed to com plete the l1'nk between the display
and circuitboards. For each wire,solder a firstend on the display board and place
a ring term inalon the otherend. n e ring term inalshould m atc: w1t11a screw/nut
assembly m ounted on tàe circuit board. Place the nut and the term inal on the
com ponentside.

Connectthe speed sensor and the fuellevelsenderto theirrespecdve

circuits. n efuellevelsignalcan be G ken directly from the stock connecdon in the
instrum entclusterpanel: wrap the wire around a sm allboltand push itin place or
solder the wire directly on the clip.
 39

* K109-1 Digitaltachom eter

n e digiu l G cltom eter circuit presented accurately indicates the

revoludonsperm inute ofany4-,6-or8-cylinderengine,selecG ble from an optional
PCB m ounted switch.

Since the circuit is driven 1om the low-volo ge breaker pulses that
occuron thenegativesideoftheignidoncoil,theelectricalschematic(Figure17)
isvery sim ilar to the digio lspeedom eter,both circuitsconverting a lequency to a
proportionalvoltage.

R esistor R23,along w1t.

11capacitor C7,sets the lequency-to-voltage
conversion constantwhich determ ines tlle outputvoluge from the LM 2917N chip
ata given inputfrequency

R23mustbe 120K (:k2%)fora4-cylinderengine

90K (:
t 2%)fora Gcylinderengine
60K (+ 2%)foran8-cylinderengine

You can place directly the appropriate value on thePCB,oruse three

60K resistorswhosecombinaûon,selecoblebyaswitch,will#ve any oftkethree
values. Ofcourse,theswitch can alsobereplacedby ajumperwire.

By using the rightvalue forR23,tâe frequencr to-volu ge converteris

program m ed to generate a D C volu ge outputof 1.875 voltfrom an inputsignalof
200Hz(8-cylinderengine). Accordingto thefollowingequadon:

frequency = RPM x(No.ofcylinders)/120

200 l'
Iz m eans3000 RPM . To display 3000 RPM ,the CM 162E m ustread 300 m v
between itsinputs. So,the 1.875 voltmustbe reduced to 300 m V. 'f'
M Sisdone by
40
R19 and R20. For accuracy a precision resistorvoltage divider is recom m ended.

De erentcombinationsareaccepoble:(al11%,IA watt)

R19 R20

5.23K 1.00K
4.75K 909
3.92K 750

PCB pattern can be found at the end of STA GE 2. M sem bly and
calibration willbe discussed afterpresentation ofthe K 146 display board.
 41

m
+ 1:-1:v e
1<* 7m 5 e
lNloo: Rw pw c! C ts
îrz !oK *'
a ,x P =. 1op
R1@ * -
:EE TEXT * *
D*
!< @(Fa
*
u 11 1o @ @
Ic5
kM 2917N

FREQUENIY 1 2 3 * 5 *2@
lN eu'l
R!n R22 cl c7 R23
(* K 22K SW ca Q.aùl
vw tp
' (m p
. '- p joop e:
'OK 59 XERO

c Y 11 : @
GAIN la
el 1C*
= YK 7 CA31*2E
12
6 ç'i
1* 15 1 : 5 3 * ctzp

&. 2 1 'l'
3 IcT
CA31*!e %
@
13 1Q 11 1* @ 15 1*

'
. A @ c o : !, o

CA
n '

T2

T3
M M :@@;A
Figure 17. Digitaltachometerschematic (S1œ -1).
42
S109-1 Parts Iist
suggested supplier
integrated circuits and optoeled roniu
lC4 -7805 +5V regulatorTO-220,IA M ouser511-L7805CV
lC5 -LM2917N frequency-to-voltage conveder,lo pin Jameco LM2917N-14
lC6 -CA3162E analog to digitalconverter Jameco CA3162E
lC7.-CM 161E decoderand drker Mouser570-CA3161E
D1,D2,D3 -1NK 01 diode,50 V PRV,IA Active 01411
T1,T2,T3 -2N2907A transistorTO-18 (metal) Jameco2N2907A
2 MAN6910 hred z-digi
t.564CA display Mouser592-L86910

re4istors(aIl1/4watt,5% unless otherwise noted)

R17,R24 -10K ohms
R18 -470 obm s
R19,R2Q,R23 -see text
R21 -68K ohm s
R22 -22K ohms
P3 -50K,square mul titurn trim mer Mouser5n2 *4P503
P4 - 10K potentiom eter,single turn M ouser594-75H-10K

capacitors
C5 -10 uF tantalum,35 V Jam eoo TMID
C6,C7 -0.022 UF polyester,250 V Active 62056
68 -2.2 uF electrolytic,polarized,50 V Adive 33:28
Gg -100 uF eledrolyti o,polarized,16 V Aotive 33141
C10 -0.33 UF tantalum,35 V Mouser540-0.33M35

m iscellaneous
2 lm pin IC socket Jam eco 14LP
2 le-pin IC socket Jameco 16LP
1 1-0-220 heatsink Mouser567-74 23-8A
3 screw (round head,1
/411 + hex nut,41C Mouser572-...
1 3-position swltoh,PCB m ount M O bs SW 3
1 printed circui
tbx rd M O bs PC109
+ wires,20 AW G stranded;black,red and gray
+ solder
 43
K K1Q9Q Bargraph tachom eter

As in the speedom eter cirmlit presented previously,the batr graph

tachom eter shown in Figure 18 directly takes the frequency-relative voltage on pin
5 ofthe 1.M 2917.N frequencp tœ volu ge converterand displaysitasa row ofLED S
w1t.h a 200 RPM by LED resoludon.

5109-2 Parts Iist

suggested supplier
integrated circuits and optoeledronics
($ + 3914N bargraph display driver Jameco LM3914N
12 square 5 m m green LED M ouser351-6821
4 square 5 mm yellow LED Mouser351-68:1
14 square 5 rnm red LED Mouser3581..513

resistors(aII1/4w,5%)
15 680 ohms
1 IK ohm s
1 2.2K ohms
1 3.3K ohms
 G
+ :2-'$V

**@ ... ... uo

$.
:134 kEM1 U W kepm z
tEpe
D . kED5@
D kepe

1* 1() '@ lo 1g lo
IC* 1c@ Iclo
tM 3m *N kM 391*N kM 391* N
1 @ : : 3 4 : % 'z a @ 1 @

= = =
=
1C$*PIN5.

Ra5 Raw Ray

IK a zx a.zx

= = =

Flgure 18. Bargraphtaohometerschematic (S1œ Q).

 45
K K109-3 Bargraph oiIpressure m eter

n e bar graph oilpressure m eter clcuituses a low-costsending unit

m anufacturedby GeheralM otorswhich iseasy to fiton any engine.IfyourFirebird
was stock equipped w1t.
11an oilpressure gage,the sendl
'ng unit is already on your
engine.

W ith the application ofpressure,tâe sendingunit'sreskstance change

isvirtually linear. A t45 PSI,itdelivers about 45.o%m s. So like in the fuellevel
m eter circuitswe feed 5 voltsvia R 14 which,along w1111txe sending unitz form s a
voltage divider. n isvolo ge is then applied O ectly to the LM 3914N driver input
(seeFigure19).

For easier readings,we choose to have a 5 PSI by LED resolution.

And to be practical,we choose the 10 to 55 PSI range. So 0.26 volt is applied to
pins4 and 8,respectively thelowerend oftheten com paratorsand the floating input
ofthe reference volu ge source. r
fhks1ow volu ge isdelived from tàe 5-voltline via
R 15 and P2.

At1ow pressurelevels,oratnopressure atall(enginenotrunning),

R 14 m ightgethotter than other resistors. In factsit dissipatesm ostpartof the 5-
voltor even all,which m eans a 0.208-wat1drop. U sing a K-watttype for R 14 will
avoid any problem related to this.
44

p1.
+ 17-!5V

C3*l* p
X* 41: .. . .. . 4;@

KEDZI

teoao

1: lo
dca +sv
tM a91*N
+ sv , a :3 * , o .z a p @1$
1aK

p1*
1:@ *-
12
IK
INPW
47K p1l
IK --

1t8p

Figure 19. Bargraph oilpressureschematio (S1094).

 47
5109-3 Parts Iist
suggested supplier
integrated circuits and optoelectronics
1 t.M:914N bargraph display driver Jameco + 3914N
1 enclosed 10 Iightarray,green LEDS Mouser351-2021

resi
stors (alI1/4watt,5% unlessotherwi
se noted)
5 470 ohm s
1 IK ohm s
1 18K ohms
1 47K ohms
1 120 ohm s,1/2 wK
'
tQ
1 IK pdentiometer,TO-5 grid Jam eco 63P1K

capacitor
1 10 uF tantalum ,35 V öam eco TM IG

m isoellaneous
1 lm pin IC socket Jam eco 14LP
1 lô-pin IC sooket Jam eco 18LP
+ dark blue wire,20 AW G stranded

Note: Parts m arked by a '

à'on the schematic are shared with anotherçirçuil.
48
* K109-4 Bargraph w atertem perature m eter

n e bargraph tem perature m etercircuitpresented givesreadingson

a 1000F to 260+ logarit%m ic scale. It uses a G M sending unitwhose resisu nce
variadon ishwersely proporuonalto the tem perature. Again,ifyour Firebird had
a factory installed tem perature gage,the sending unitis already on your engine.

A pplication ofthe 1,K 3914N dip lay dliver chip,as shown in Figure
20,issom ewhatunusual. A fixed referencevolu ge around 1.5 voltisapplied to the
pin 5input Thetemperature-related resise ce(sendingunit)isusedaspartofa
voltage divider,like in previous cirmzits,butthe resuldng volo ge is applied to the
lower end of tàe ten built-in com parators. n is trick allows the direct use of an
inverselrproportionalsignal.

5109-4 Parts list

suggested supplier
intego ted circuits and optoeled ronics
1 LM3914N bargraph display drker Jam eco LM:914N
1 enclosed 10 Iightanay,green LEDS Mouser351-2021

resistors (aII1/4 wat,5%)

5 470 ohms
2 IK ohms
1 3.:K ohm s
1 IK potentiom eter,TO-5 grid Jameco 63P1K

m iscellaneous
1 lç pln IC sooket Jameco 14LP
1 l8-pin IC socket Jam eco I8LP
+ green wire,20 AW G stlanded

Note: Parts marked by a + on the schematic are shared M IIanothercircuit.

 49

+ 12V

D1* C1
>Q*
47* ... ''' %7*

tfm E
kED1@
18 10
IC3
kM 391*N
+ 5V 1 2 3 4 5 * 1 @ 9 +5V

R6 e:
3.3K .. . lx

INPUT
IK

R7
IK

Figure20. Bargraph watertemperatureschematio (S109-4).

50
K K109e Bargraph voltm eter

n ere islittle to say aboutthissim ple circuit. Itgivesaccurate volu ge

readingson a 11.0 to 15.5-voltscale. n e volu ge levelistxken directly from a fused
pointto avoid a 0.6-voltdrop acrou D 1,then reduced by 77% via R23 and 1t24 to
get a 1.25-voltrange between the m aximum and the m inim um readings. P4,wit,
h
R26 and R27, provides approxim ately 3 volts to the lower end of the ten
com parators and to the floating inputofthe internalreference volG ge. N ote that
exceptforthe 5-vo1treference,the entire circuit s'nndson tlle K 146 display board.

5109-5 Parts Iist

suggested supplier
integrated circuits and optoeled ronics
11..M3914N bargraph display drker Jameco LM3914N
1 enclosed 10 Iightarray,green LEDS M ouser351-2021

resistors (aII1/4watt,5%)
5 470 ohms
1 IK ohms
2 10K ohm s
1 22K ohm s
1 27K ohm s
1 IK potentiometer,TO-5 grid Jameco 63P1K

capaci
tor
1 4.7 uF tantalum ,35 V Jameco 7M 4.7

Note: Parts marked by a + on the schematic are shared with anothercircuit.

 51

pT*
+ 12-15M

D2* C1* '

1N*@@2 ro ... ... lzo

tED D

kEp ae

1: 1*
+ 5V
lC#
kM 3@1*N
R2*
1 2 3 * : * 7 : @ :2K'

*.Tp P*
IK

%1V
1*K
R2a
a7K R2*
1@K R%S
lx ..

Figure21. Bargraph voRmeterschematic (S1œ -5).

52
Assem bly

Follow thepartsplacem entdiagram illustrated byFigure22 to stuffthe

com ponentson board # 109,which holds partof the tachom eter,oilpressure and
water tem perature circuits. W e hardly suggestthe use ofIC sockets.

Calibl-ation and installation procedures will be discussed after

presentation ofthe K 14: display board.

k: à

kNQ*14N 1* 14N
J rqk- a
rmn + i
+(9 1K
I %:
sx I
. @
o Y

zO
w+ . Y-ezprp;A
@ j*+ rv :T91W5
k = 0..+ o,..
ijj - j a-s-wo
-

1i!i -
1ii ------
v
V

Figure22. Pads placementdiagram (P1œ ).

 53
* K146 Tachom eterdisplay

n e K146 display board holds the 30 LED S of the bar graph

tachom eter,thedigio lG chom eterdigits,thevoltmetercircuit l ewatertem perature
m eterbargraph LED Sand the oilpressure bargraph LEDS. 30 dum m y LED Sare
also included.

Refer to the K 145 board,presented previously, to get a few words

aboutassem bly. Follow the parts placem entdiagram presented by Figure 23.

x = =
x = -. >
!i! K K u'
ii! tx.,.. . %
x . ..
* u. .. E% ,
1 ,
iI .

EEKij '
c c c c c c c c = m c c c c c c c c c
EX EX ()
4'e#E
O!IDD G
z y1
1jc
ncnczlcrcDcDcncrcnncD -= crccrcocnc
*'w--cc==
.
= cx c
L
œ = = = = == = = == = =
x = = = = =%= R= = =
1.M3914N
O+ IK*
= % =

Flgure23. Pal
'tsplacementdiagram (P146).
54
5146 Parts Iist
suggested suppliers
resistors (aII1/4watt,5% unlessotherwisenoted)
1 180 ohm s,1/2 watt
4 470 ohm s
1 680 ohm s
1 820 olims

othereled ronio com ponents

1 1N4001 diode,50 V PRV,1 A Ad ive 01411
1 47 UF electrolytic,pol
arized,50 V Jameco R47/50
3 enclosed 10 lightarray,red LEDS M ouser351-2011

m iscellaneous
3 rightangle male header,double row ,10 oontads Jameoo 921$872R1
3 IDC socketconnector,10 conh cts Jam eco S10
3 DIP plug connector,14 contacts Jam eco 609-14
2 1'flatcable,lo-cond,,28 AW G
1 18/flatcable,lo-cond.,28 AW G
2 ring terminal Mouser159-2222
1 printed circuitboard Mkabs PCIV
+ wires,20 AW G stranded;black,red,gray and green
+ jumperwires
+ solder

snapapart)
 55
Calibration

* tachom eter

Place thegainpotentiometer(P4)in itscenterposition. Itcould be

adjustedlatertomatchthebargraphsection w1t.hthedisplayedvalue.

To zero the digiu ltachom eter,slowly rou te P3 up to the pointwere

a steady row ofzerosstands on tâe dip lay.

lfyou used a switch,place iton the num berofcylindersm atchingwith

yourvehicle. Calibrate tlle tachom eter theoreucallyby supplying itsinputwith a 60
.

H7s12V squarewave signal.W it: thissignalfedin,P4 shouldbeadjusledloge1

a reading ofM RPM on the digitaldisplay,auum ing thatthe circuitisbuiltforan
8-cylinder engine. For & and 4-cylinder,reading should be respectively 1350 and
18œ RPM . Note tkatthe 60 Hzsignalcan be taken from a precision adjustable
lequency generatororfrom a breadboard-m ounted fixed frequency generator, like
the one presented in Figure 24.

+n v

a3p'
c :
ja- - - , lol4a
3.5D M Hz 5

4-34p: :

Figure 24. 60 Hz reference circuit.

56
. oiIpressure meter

Calibradon ofthe oilpressure m etercan be m ade accurately by using

two loo-ohm resistorsplaced in parallelin orderto bring ground via 50 olzm sto the
input n en adjustP2to havethenint.
hLED lighted.

* watertem peratare m eter

To r-qlibrate tlle water tem perature m eter,place a 56-obm resistor

between ground and the circuit sender input to sim ulate the G M therm istor
resistxnceat2600F. AdjustP3justpastthepointwerethelastLED willlight.

* voltm eter

n evole eteriscalibrated by applying a known vologe arounl 14

voltstothedisplayboardandbysupplying5voltstothereferenceinput.Adjust134
to getthe appropriate reading,assum ing tlmtthe firstLED m ustlightat 10.5 volts
and thatthe othersm ustfollow w1t.
h a 0.5-voltby LED resolution.
 57
Ir)tptlllllttitlrl

Black wiresgo to the vehicle ground and red wires can be connected
to any fused pointtuzxed offby the ignition switch or by a m astercut-offswitch.

n ree flatoable assem blies connectthe displays to the circuitboaz'

d.
rIhe longerone goesto the digiu ldisplay,on tke com ponentside.

Two other wires m ake the Iink between the two boards, as for the
speedom eter display. U se ling term inals for clean hook-ups.

Tachom eter,oil pressure and water tem perature signals can all be
taken directly from the stock instrum entcluster connections, assum ing the carwas
already equipped w1t.
: those gages.
 58

* K149 Dum m y display,120 LEDS

n e 120-LED dum my display board m atchesw1t. 11thetwo m ain display

boards to complete the m ostvisible section ofthe electronic dashboard. Itfeatures
a built-in lo-step sequencer,justforfun. n ePCB isdesigned to connectafew
distributed LED Sto the sequencer outputs in order to add a random effect.

n e sequencerKhem aticispresented in Figure25. Potentiom eter135

willm ake thesequence go fasterorslower.To m inim izecurrentiow,dum m yLEDS
are connected in series,by groups of5 or 6.

+ 1:7

QNAAO
C
k3p 1*
3
=
47K
*
4 *
3 1* 7
'z 555.
D K 5 *
7 4*17
;
1
22P '
01P 5

15 11
1* K Y 13

E z
= E

e;o

Flguro25. llstep sequencerschematic (S149). =

 59
5149 Palls list
suggested supplier
integrated circuits and optoeledronics
1 555 timer Jameco NE555V
1 4017 decade counter/divi
der Jameco CD4017
1Q 2N4401 tm nsistor,T0-92 AllEleo 2N4401
7 enclosed 10 Iightarray,green LEDS M ouser351-2021
5 enclosed 10 lightarray,red LEDS M ouser351-2011

resistors (al11/4wat,5%)
5 330 ohms
8 470 ohms
4 680 ohms
6 820 ohms
1 47K ohms
1 100K ohms
ï 5cK potenti
ometer,1/2 W ,TO-5 grid Jameco 63P50K

capacitors
1 0.n1 uF ceram itz 100 V Adive 31035
1 2.2 uF electrolytic,polarized 50 V Active * 028
1 13 uF eledrol ytic,polarized 25 V Adive 33067

m iscellaneous
1 printed circu: board M Labs PCI4/
+ wires,20 AW G,stranded; blackand red
+ jumperwi
res,telephonetype
+ solder

Assem bly

Printed circuitboard pattern is reproduced attxe end of STA GE 2.

Toavoidusinga two-sidedcopperboarA wemakeextensiveuseofjumperwires.
U se black wires and referto the num bersto m ake the rightconnections.
 60
Solderthecom ponentsin accordancewith thepartsplacem entdiagram
presented in Figure 26. n e board wasfirstintended to hold enclosed lightaa ays
butyou can atso align rectangular7.2x5 m m LED S.

o. , x czso o ua
'

4
'cxàr c= cDcr cnc= cr c= c c c=.e = c
â '
œ+Qw : x
co n
'F c c= cD cn c cD co c= c= m = c c nc = c= c cn
*9 E:IE J
.

X c c c c c c c c c X c c c c c c c c c

11 # = x .,
0,0 , = c & c c X XO
.. X O X
: X O ,X
, O
., O X X O
:- O
(35 G
J
O O
> ot = c= = c= = = = = = = = = = =
Qz,rc
+ e ao., = ceo . ww yy yp yy
t'
-Jf=
''=c= ..=== == c=c===c.ec=
(J
,z =
K K
= = =
Flgure26. Paltsplaoementdiagram (P149).

Installation

U se a black wire to connectt:e circuitto groumd and a red one to a

positive pointturned offby the ignition switch. You can also add a separate switch
to conkolthe dumm y board in an independentway. In either case,be sure thata
fuse is in the way to the vehicle battery.
 A A # 61
'+ a
* ,
n.6.
l.r/libhl ï.
'r/IbAl
.

NYh ' k&51, '

*
5V l ** :v '' '

Ua v . * U' .
Ahf ZSl.-:: A'''-t+
!
.
@ .wE: JuX v+
. .
@ zyyu +

+tj *+ '
4'
lj..
*
ll
.,*. -P
J= .., z.
J
llllI
J L> z .n,
.
:o@
%1lll1
/ L
-
lcu. .
v T
!>-:
., T !% pIoITAkspEepo- eu /

Aq r a r l M A z h 2% KM
..

NI
JF>
&
N .g<: j j
.j
.
%%%%qa.,,
-...-.-.m.,,.v ,

. G .

'*
e '-' . '
t >oi
'
.

M>
7%
.
)
.
. )
f- -
>
jys .
,
-

. . . . .

Xj> t
y ,Jp;g ',..x>o s,yu
ar:&aa
vrt
yy
+
+.
& e
..
..-- nx--w
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m-
11
11
11
11
1
x1
11
11
1
a
1
11
1
/ g
.

(ii
l
F---
7--
z
--
L
--
7
-.
-
,
.
..-.;;s;7.,.s - --1 151111
-. -
 63

-----
--'/
7--
td
'
z
,
l
d-l
C
A
-
F
-/
-
-
--
f
'-----

â
-,
-
n
Shr
'
-
'-
--
-
-
.r
-
%
.
-
>
x
%-
.
%)
.1
-
f
r
-
y
.
a ,
*lb::::'--1
.k ' %- f-
:
.
i(b
.bb':(y. ,r.,.!Ij.,,s
- . -
-x . - - a. .---.--..-- .

O Y- w ,.kyv:;,.,4, j
'

om a
mw +
.v--L j---- .
'
(
>G
m
J
A uu .' .m --,---- '
M= %
*
X+*a >
s, .
-
..,

r----1----
o ,. ,. . .s
-

d
'

+
- - - - . .

1 %Y - N*
' * 149 , -
s Mw - - -1 -- - - - - t..,...-.-...., --
..
,.
j
!
i
2
1
i
5 1 l > -
:
I
.
E
!
ë-k
l!!
: l
i
k ...... ....

w ,,- .,
:
,
i;
'
.' ... . ... ........ .

'''
-,
q
:
!
j
1
;-
--.
1.
11
!
1
,
.
-
.

il
-1
=
- N P -1
. - N - -1T .(
J. .
%% #,
1
î1 111111 lll M---k---
->
- .

4..%
)----MJ---S-.----2FV
,
 65
STAG E 3: Adding a digitalodom eterand other options.

n e third sG ge is a logical step toward a com plete electronic

dashboard conversion: adding a digital odom eter. n e odom eter display can be
added to the K 145 display board presented in the previous section or built on a
separate board,thusgiving m ore versadlity to the unit

Also covered by this secdon are two m ore dum m y display boards.
n ese werefirstdesigned to com plem entthe two-'
.
l'v Sberglassdashboard available
tllroughtaouisellEnterprises,buttheycanbeusefulwhereveryourim aginationwants
to see them .

n is section describes the following boards:

K K171 digitalodom eter -including 072 counter

K K174 rem ote odom eterdisplay
K K151 scanning display,60 LEDS
> K152 dum m y display,60 LEDS
66
* K171 Digitalodom eter

n e digitalodom eter counà pulsesoutofa speed sensor. Itism ade

up of three functional blocks: a program m able divide-by-N decade counter
(prescaler),acounter/displaydriver,andapowersupplyfeaturingmemoryback-up.

W e wantthe odom eterto countone foreach tent,

h ofa m ile. Because
the sensordeliversa lotofpulseson such a disu nce,a divide-by-N decade counter
ksvsed (seeFigure27). Bycascadingfourstages,thedivide-by-N ratio canbeset
to any value between 1 and 9999, since each stage can be considered as an
independentcounter corresponding to one decimaldigit(n1,n2,n3,n4)ofthe
num ber N . M iniature BCD rotary switches supply that digitin the 4-bit binary
form atto theirrespective su ge.

n e cycle of the divide-by-N counter starts when the individual

countersare sim ulo neously presetby the application ofa pulse to thepreset-enable
inputs,on pins 1. n e first tim e counter 1 counts down,itwill require nl clock
pubesbeforeitreacheszero countzatwhichpointthecarryoutputtpin 7)willgo
to low Iogicallevel. Subsequentcounter-l cycles* 1require 10 countsto bring the
carryoutputto 0. A stagewillcountonlyifitsc,-k1.
1y inputtphl5)isatlow logical
leves so the ca:
rry out of one suge is connected to the carzy in of the next
Countdown from N iscom pleted when the carry outofallstages are at0. A ttbiq
poinq thegate outputproducesa high pulse ofoneclockpulse and thec'ycle restarts.

n is outgoing pulse is then fed to the counter/display driver section

(Figure28).Sincethe74C926integratedcircuitisal-digitcounterwith multiplexed
7-segm ent output drivers,2 are needed to m ake a 6-digit display. TM S IC was
selected because of its display select and latch enable features, thus m aking it
possible to add a m em ory hold and recallf'unction to the odom eter.
2
or la.av B 7805 ev
E
e'
dq IN4;:I r
IN4O:: 47:F - tAZF
M -
y GMp
. GND
Q =
K.
o
o.
o
3 :
/*4002
œ 1
n
2 5. output
: fpN
cf +sv +sv +sv +sv
Y +sv
hy inrtx 3@K : %7- 14 7Toxx
: e:- s 7 ; , 7 ys )
X . w ) , ), s js
o
o fo z CK 4510 ua 4510 4510 4510 s
1:: 1@K .'-. +sv 9R c Y @ * @ Xh @ O
R
(p --
- * 'a :3
pœ
3
@ 4
m m
ra
ez a4% 8
13 4 12 la 3
B 4 u la a
B
M

v
C
=
*
) reset
cj r = m =
B
R. lope +
i5' -'. 1K
aII
& V r 1X K
W1 * U U * * U U U V * * * U U * *
Ye +1* '
I

'
&$
<1
 '
oq
X

o +sv
r +
-
* 1N4()o1 j,
P
M y.
=. la +lzv(kniuonj
jnput
p v. ucx 7.47 yxe w
c. 3v. wcx yx fJN
(2 o1 a'
jo js o
t b b =
o < ':F :7
D s
o. d 1d
B e1 a
6
N:. 74G I .
3*
4 74C
.. 926 9 = 4 g 926
o 13 '' Tz
o R R
c c xh 11
R o 11 p + loox
q ' tks D :c D$
Z: 6xPN4401 e -.
w s LE 7A k: 5 -
V cmo +1L'?f*nëion) ev GND
<p 9 9
R- !K
2*
% .
r. 'rIP31C holAd h wx .a-
*
o B
Zr ToK 1ox
o Lhmemory
r. all
R
ë5'
U)
C)
-1
P
.
 69
n e m ultiplexing circuit has its own free-running oscillator, so no
external clock ks needed. Segm ent resistors are used to m inim ize chip power
dissipation and heating. Because we do notwant the odom eter to shqrtcounting
from zero everytz'
m e it is turned O N, a little trick is used to m ake the CM O S
cirmlitry think ithasanon-volatile m em ory: the odom eterwillbe connected directly
(via a ftlse)to thevehicle'sbattery,and the displayV IIbe turned 0> w1t11the
ignition switch through a reliable transistorbreakingthe connection to ground ofthe
com m on cal ode transistordrivers.W hen in operation,supply c'urrentislargelythat
delivered to the display. By turning itO FF,quiescentcurrentis ofthe #,A order,
com parable to m ost car cloclts and digiu l radios. As an additional feature, a
m em ory back-up capacitorisused to supply the counter/driver secuon in case of a
power failure or battery replacem ent. A diode prevents the capacitor from
discharging through the divide-by-N resistors. W ith thevaluesindicate; back-up
capacitorcan supply the countersection forabout10 daym thusm nking the m em ory
very nextto perm anent.

D isplay board optionswillbe discussed in the following secdon.

Assem bly

Printed circuitboard patterns171 and 072 are presented atthe end of

STA G E 3. Note thatPCB # 171,on which standstlle divide-by-N prescalercircuit,
is a twm sided board. If you etch ityourself,carefully align the z-sided artwork.
Ratherthan using sophisticated platl g-l rough-holestechniques,we suggestyou to
simply drillthe board and to place cutted resistorlegsin the holesthatshould m ake
contactbetweenthetwosides.Soiderthem asyouwouldwit,
hanyresistor,andtllen
turn the board upside-down to place an otllersolderG ck. A little lessesthetical,but
as eo cientand a lotm ore practical.
70
Figure 29 showsthepartsplacem entdiagram softhe two boards. Sort
by m aking the 13 through-hole connections on board 171,illuskated by a ''
x''on
Figure 29. Note that som e com ponentsrequire a solder tack on both sides ofthe
PCB:theseconnectionsare idene edbya'1c/.on theumedrawing.A jumperwire
mustbe placed on the copperside ofboard 072 between pins 13 oftàe two 74C926.

U se socketsforallintegrated circuitson the odom eterboardsand use

extza care while handling them since they are highly stadc sensitive devices. A lso
noye thatthe two boardsare designedto bebolted togetherusing alum inium spacersy
wit.
b tlle 171 board on top ofthe 072.

A few w ords aboutthe speed sensor

W hile the digitalspeedom eter presented previously worlcs wellwith alm ost
any m odel of speed sensors, the digital odom eter is a little bit m ore tricky. U nlike the
speedom eter,the odom eterdoesnotonly findtllefrequency butitactually countsthe pulses.
Itwillnotwork properly ifconnected directly to the speed sensor suggested for the digital
speedom eter,becausethisonegi vestoo weak pulsesatreduced speeds,m akingthe counting
erroneous and calibration alm ost im m ssible. So here are two solutions: the srst is
m echanicaland the second electronical.

The m echanical solution involves using the speed sensor suggested in the
odom eterpartslist,m anufacturedby Chryslercorp.,insteadofthe onem entionedpreviously
forthespeedometer.EveniftheChrysler(orBlueStreakequivalent)givesthebestresults
with both circuits,ithasnotbeen suggested irstbecause itrequiresan adaptorto Eton G M
cars,available from a speedom etershop orf' rom some auto parts dealers.

'
rhe electronical solution m eans using the speed sensor m entioned in the
speedom eterpartslistorastockGM sensor.ifalreadyon thevehicle,and buildingasimple
inputconditionner to boostthe signalto a detedable level.

W hatever solution you choose,only one speed sending unit is required to

supply both drcuits,thd speedom eter and the odom eter.
 71
S171 Parts list
suggested supplier
irlt:pljrlttehtf(lirtltlittl

4 4510 BCD uj/downcounter Jameco CDV IQ

1 4002 dualo lnputNOR gate Mouser511< 02
1 74HC14 he.x inverterschmid trigger Jameco 7481C14
1 7805CV +5 V regulator,TO-220,1.5 A Mouser511-L78050V
2 1N4001 diode,50 V PRV,1 A Adive 01411

resistors (aI11/4 watt,5%)

1 IK ohm s
1 18K ohms
1 :9K ohms
2 IO0K ohm s SiP resi
stornetwork,bussed,g-res. Actke 4A308

capaoitoœ
2 10 uF tantalum ,35 V Jam eoo TM IO
1 47 uF eledrolytic,polarized,25 V,axi
al Aoti
ve (0 123

m iscellaneous
4 16-pin IC socket Jam eco 16LP
2 ll pin IC socket Jam eoo 14LP
4 miniature BCD rotary swe hes Mlm bs BCDSW
1 pushbutton,PC mount,keyswitch type Active 22307
1 T0-220 heatsink Motlser567-7-323-8A
1 sçrew (round head,1/41
) + hexnut,4140 Mouser572-...
1 printed circuitboard M kabs PC171 '
1 speed sensor:Blue Streak SG I (Chlysler0 12186)auto pa% storel
+ wires,20 AW G stranded;blaçk,orange and yellow
+ solder

(l:seetext)
72
5072 Parls Iist
suggested supplier
lntegfated circuits
2 MM 74C926 m digi
tcounterw/m ultiplexed drker Jam eco 74C926
6 2N4401tlansistor,T0-92 AllElec 2N4401
1 TIP3IC transistor,T0-220 Active 29076
1 1N4001 di ode,50 V PRV,1 A Active 01411

resistors(aI11/4watt,5%)
14 47 ohms
2 IK ohms
3 10K ohm s
1 IQOK ohms

m iscellaneous
2 lm pin IC sooket Jameco 14LP
2 l8-pin IC sx ket Jam eco I8LP
1 1 F mem ory back-up O pacitor,5.5 V M ouser555-1.0Z5.5
2 pushbutton switch,Pc-mount,rightangle M O bs SW 90
4 screw (round head,3/4'
) + hex nut,4/K M ouser572-...
4 aluminium spacer,1/2.. M ouserS;C.,!02
1 printed circui
tboard M M bs PC072
+ wires,20 AW G stranded;blaok,red and green
+ solder
 73
'
1718
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Figure29. Partsplacementdiagrams(P171and PW 2).

74
Installation

n e black wire goes to the vehicle ground; orange wire from board
171mustbeconnectedtoafusedpositive(12V)pointalwaysON andredwirefz' om
board072goesto afusedpositive (12V)pointturned01717bytheignitionmaster
switch. Inputsignalwire connectsto the speed sensor. Two flat cableswith D IP
connectorendswillbe used to connectboard 072 to the choosen display (see
followingsection).

Calibration

Calibration instructionsare presented in lastsince itshould be done

on the road.

U sing the m em ory recallfeature oftheodom eterm akesitalm ostself-

calibrating. Firstv labelthe switchesasindicated; facing the pushbuttons,the left
oneshouldbelabelled''A'
'(latchenable)andtlleother,atright''
B''(displayselect).
1.,e1 callthe prescaler resetpushbutton,on board 171,''C''. M om entalily pressthe
C button to resetthe circuitafterpowerhasbeen applied forthe firsttim e and after
alteration ofthe BcD -coded rotary switches. n isshould usually resultin a count
up ofone from the counter/drivercircuit. 'rhe BcD -coded roory switchesw111be
used to dial-in tlte divide-by-N ratio number,which you w111find by setting the dials
to 0001 and driving a known disu nce,thus finding how m any pulses are associated
w1t.11a disu nce ofone tenth of a m ile.

G o to a parking lot, pla'

ce a m ark on the ground and accurately
m easure a diso nce ofone tenth ofa m ile. A lign the center ofone rearwheelwith
the stmlingm ark pressthe A button and release itto hold the startreading into
m em ory. Drive the distance and stop w1t.
11the centerofthe rearwheelaligned wit.
h
 75
tlle 1/10* m ile m ark. Itis suggested to have an helperhere.

Now,take note ofthe com plete num berdksplayed and substractfrom

itthe numberplaced into memory (to recallmemoly,pressthe B button). n e
resulting num beristhe N num ber,which you m ustdialon the four rotazy switches
with the m ostsignificantdigitatleftand the less signï cantatright. To check for
accuracy pressthe C button once program m ed and drive the disu nce again: the 1-
digitcount-up should be very near the 1/10* m ile m ark.

taater,you could unsolderthe A and B switchesand replace them by

two rem ote pushbuttons,placed in a convenientlocation. n atway,you willbe able
to use the odom eter m em ory feature to keep kack ofyourlastoilchange m ileage,
am ong other uses.

N ote: n e odom eter w111startcounting from zero. To m ake itstart

from any other num ber, setthe dials to 0001 to geta divide-by-l ratio and supply
a square wave signalofabout12 V to the odom eter input slowing the frequency as
you reach the wanted num ber on the display. To slow the counting,turn the dials
to a higherdivide-by-N num ber.Ifthe counterwenttoo far,apply +5 V to the reset
pointaon pins13 ofthe 74C926 counters. n e square wave signalm ightcom e from
a frequencygeneratororfrom anybmsic oscillatorcircuitassem bled on abreadboard.
76
K K174 Rem ote odom eterdisplay

n e odom eterdisplay can be builton the K145 speedom eter display

board or on the rem ote board presented here. n e following instructionsapply to
both possibilities.

M sem bl
y

Printed circuitboard pattern 174 can be found atthe end ofthisso ge.
Carefully solder the digits and avoid solder bridges. Then > ke two lengthsabout
18''-long ofa lo-conductorflatcable and place a l4-contactD V plug connectoron
one end ofeach cable. Splitthe wireson the otherend and strip about1/8''ofeach
wire. N ow place a solder drop on allconnection squaresand solderone by one tâe
20 freewiresdirectlyon the copperside,idendfyingeach ofthesew1t.
11a conducti
vity
testerin accordancew1t.
11the odometerschematic (Figure28). Use a330 ollms
resistorto lightup the decim alpoint.

5174 Parts Iis.t

suggested suppller
6 FND357 CC displ ay,0.362/,red Jameoo FND357
1 330 ohm s resistor,1/4 W ,5%
2 DIP plug oonnector,14 çontads Jam eco 609-14
3'flatcable,lo-cond-,28 AW G
1 printed circui
tboardl Mtabs PCI74.

(loptional:can be partofPC1<5)
K K151 Scanning display,60 LEDS

H alfofthe 60-t.ED dum my display presented here is stxtic,while the

other30 LEDSscan in sequence from leftto right row by row. Ithasbeen designed
to fitin the free area under the two televksion screens.

Figure 30 reveals the disdnctive features of that sequencer circuit:

notice thatno c'urrentlim iting resistorsareused,since outputsink currentofthe ICs
used is already inherently lim ited. Also notice thatin order to keep com ponenà
countlow,tbe 4069 IC hastwo purposeshere: halfofitactsashwerters,while the
other halfiswired to form an oscillatorfeeding clock pulses to the counter circuit.

n e principlecan be extended to alloutputsofthe second 4017 to get

a sequencer ofup to 90 LED S only by adding an other 4069 and 6 m ore diodes.
Speed can be varied by changing the values ofresistor R 1 and/or capacitor C 1.

Assem bly

Printed circuitboard pattern is reproduced at the end of STA GE 3.

Follow the parts placem ent diagram of Figure 31. To avoid using a two-sided
printed circuit on a display board, sim ply bend the 18 unconnected LED leads
(cathodes),solderthem together(1112rows)andthensolderthem tothecathodeof
the firstLED oftheir respective row,in accordance w1t.
11the Figure 30 schem atic.
Alsonodcetheuse ofsomejumperwires.
 t
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Flgure 30. 6GLED soanning dummy displayschematio(S151).

C)
<v. 1 '
+12v + j
D cccccccc c c c= c= =c &== -
Cr m c c acncDcncD c n c c nc r c c c cr c
M I 4
c c nc r Dc ac ac ac acD c C DC JED CD CD ED ED CD E DC

Flgure 31. Partsplacementdiagram (P151).

1
 79

S151 Parts list

suggested supplier

2 4017 decade counter/divi

der Jameco CDK 17
1 4069 hex inverter Jameco 0D4069
('
1 1N4148 switching diode Ad ive 01165
3 enclosed lo-lightarray,fed LEDS M ouser351-2011
3 enclosed lo-lightarray,green LEDS Mouser351-2021
6 47o ohm s resistor,1/4 W ,5%
1 47K ohm: resi storj1/4 W ,5%
1 2,2M ohms resistor,1/4 W ,5%
1 0.01 uF ceram ic capacitor,10û V Active 31035
1 (
$3 uF electrolytic capacl
tor,polarized,25 V Active 33067
1 printed oircuitboard MG bs PC151
+ wires,20 AW G stranded;black and red
+ jumperwires
+ solder

Installation

Black wire goes to the electricalground ofthe vehicle and red wire
connectsto any fused pointturned 0& by the ignition switcà. You m ightconsider
to wize a1ldum m y displaystogei er and to conlolthese w1t.
11a separate switch.
 80

* K152 Dum m y display,60 LEDS

Do notexpecttoo much h'

om thisIast60-LED dum m y display: itdoes
nothing m ore than lighting. Itisintended to 511the rem aining free area underthe
two television K reens,nextto the K 151 scanning display board already presented.

5152 Parts Iist

suggested supplier
8 4.
70 ohms resistor,1/* W ,5%
'
2 680 obms resistor,1/* W ,5%
2 820 ohms resistor,1/4 W ,5%
3 enolosed lG lightarm y,red LEDS Mouser351-2011
a encl- ed lG lightarray,green LEDS M ouser351-2021
1 printed circuitboard M t-abs PC 152
+ wires,20 AW G stranded;black and red
+ solder

+QV D c c c c c cc c c c c c c c c c c c c
GND = M X œ
= = K K
c c c c c c c c c c O = c c c = = c = c

O r c c c c c c c c c c c c c c n n = c

Flgure32. Parts psacementdsagram (P152).

 81

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 87

STAG E 4: G oing further.

n is last stage is devoted to you and is intended to help you going

f'urther,beyond whathasbeen akeady done. Following tlle generalguidelines,you
shouldbeabletocustomizetheelectronicdashboardprojecttoyourveryowntaste.

n efollowhlgsubjectswillbediscussed:

K adding sound
K voice kits
M strobe Iights
* m ore eled ronic gauges
. bargraph odometer
. aocelerometer(G-meter)
* O2 sensor
. otherdigitalgauges
88

Adding sound

A dding sound to the 4-step sequencercircuitm ightbe an interesting

feam re,especially if a differenttone Lsproduced foreach output. Pedorm ing this
task issim ple using a phone tone integrated circuitadesigned to generate the DTM F
(dualtonemulti-frequency)signalsused inTouch-Tone*telephonesystems. n e
1CM 5089 isone ofthose.

A Touch Tone keypad isarranged in 4 rowsand 3 colum ns,wbile each

row and each colum p are auœ iated to a 1- and high frequency, respecdvely.
D epreuing a key connects one row and one colum n to ground,tlm s enabling the
chip to m ix the two arxsœ iated frequenciesinto one distincttone.

In ourcustom application,a lansistorcan be placed ateach outputof

a sequencingcircuitto substitute forthe switchingaction ofa telephonekeypad,thus
generating a selected tone foreach ofitsoutputs. A typicalblock diagram forsuch
an application is presented in Figure 33. n e flip-flopsare intended to keep the
LEDS lighted once triggered by a sequencing pulse. Note thatthe outputnm plifier
is opdonal.
l I
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Flgure 33. Typicalblock diagram :tone encoderchip appllcation.

 89

* Voice kits

n ere are severalwaysto make a cartalk ranging from inserting a

recorded >pe into the cmssette tape playerto a com puter-based interactive speech
system . H ere we willexpose som e ofthe possibilides.

Digitalvoice m odules

A digital voice m odule is a recording circuit especially suited for

reproducing verbalm essages stored in a digitized form at. A typicalvoice m odule
can handle 8 differentphrase channelsand a totalof32 secondsofrecording;such
anunitisavailableforabout$2,
5from M EleckonicsCorlx,CA .Simplyaddalow-
costm ike to record yourown m essages.which willbe played back wken the source
ofyour choice triggersthe appropriate channel.

Digitalker'M voice synthesizer

n e D igiolker voice syntâesizer is available as a chip set through

Jameco Eleckonics,CA for about$25. The basic cllip set consists ofa speech
processor IC and 2 speech R OM s preprogram m ed w1111 137 separate and useful
words,2 tonesand 5 differentsilence duradons. n evocabulary waschosen so 1 at
itks applicable to m any m arkets,including autom odve. A ddiûonalspeecb m em ory
chipsare available,expanding tlle accessible vocabulary to over 260 words.

Each word and tone hasbeen assigned a discrete address,m aldng it

possible to output single words or words concatenated into pkrases or sentences.
Also note thatthe voice output is claim ed to be a highly intelligible m ale voice.
90
M u terwordBstu di erecom m endedK hem adcdiagram azeincluded
in the applicadon sheetsupplied with tbe chip set

Textto sp<m nh boards

Speech cards that plugs into an expansion slot of a PC/XT or

.

compatiblecomputerareavailableforabout$70from mailorderhousesadvertising
in specialized publicadons like Com puter Shopper m agnzine. n ese cards will
actually converta written line or file into speech;m ost have their own speaker
already m ounted on the board. Som e cards can be used in a stand alone
environm ent w1t11 the appropriate power supply: basically, once powereds m ost
boards only need to be fed with english textvia a R 5232 serialport.

Take note that these com puter cards were not designed wit.
h
autom odve application in m ind, so they slmuld never be operated or stored at
tem peraturesbelow 320F.

Sound Blastercard

Claim ed to be the ultim ate sound board forpersonalcom putea the

sound blaster card plugs into any expansion slot of a 8088,286 or 386 com puter
m otherboard andperform svariousfunctions,includingtext-to-speech synthesis.n e
card com esw1t.
1:powerfulsoftware tâatallowsyou to record,com prea store and
playback digidzed sounds;itcan also actasa parrottlmtm im ic,
syour speech,talks
back and passes oukageous rem arks. n e sound blaster card is available 1()1n
Jameco($170)or*om AmericanDesignComponents($160),butsubsuntialsavhlgs
can be m ade ifpurchased from alternate suppliersadvertising in ComputerShopper
m agazine.
 91
To access the 1 11potential of this card,you will have to set up a
computer system in your car. But don't be afraid about this:it is sim pler and
cheaper th= whatyou probably think.

Firstagetyour handson an 8088 (X*T)motherbom'd,a disk drive

conkoller,a3.5.'dkskdrive,aCGA (colorgraphicsadapter)ormono card,andan
84-keykeyboard.n eseitemscanbepurchasedh' om Jameco(seeaddressonpage
2),from AmericanDesignComponents(P.O.Box2601,Secausus,NJ07096-phone
1400-776-3700)or1om othermailorderhousesadveYsingin ComputerShopper
m agnzine.n en,yourplincipalconcernswillbe thepowersupply,m ountinglocption
and tAe m onitor.

A fastbutcostly solution to the power supply problem is to build or

buy a D C to A C power inverterthatwilldeliver 120 VA C from your car 12 VD C,
and then to use a so ndard 150W XT com puterpowersupply. A n alternate solution
istodesignandbuildyourselfaregulatedpowersupplytodeliver+5V (15A),-5V
(0.5A),+ 12V (5.5A)and-12V (0.5A)tothemotherboardanddisk drive.

W hen selecting the m oune g location, keep in m ind that your

com puter system m ight have to be rem oved if the car is stored in a cold
ene onm ent:these com puterboardswere not designed to withstand tem peratures
below the freezingm ark. Build a sm allfram e thatwillhold the cardsata 905angle
w1t.
h the m oi erboard.

8088 m otherboardsare designed to operate wit: a dedicated m onitor

and willnotwork directly with a W screen. To bypass the interfacing problem ,use
a 'Iq'L m onitorthatyou could m ountinto one ofthe W openingsofthe fiberglass
dashboard. Compact open-fram e 'ITL m onitors operating from 12 VDC are
available from Am erican D esign Com ponents.
A
Hearsay 2-way voice interaction system

Compactunit com bines speech synthesis and voice recognition,thus

turns a personalcom puter into a lnlking-responding m achine. Two versions are
available:oneforIBM compatiblesand oneforCom m odore 64 & 128. Referto tlle
currentAmericanDesignComponents(1-800-776-3700)catalogformoredetails.

K Strobe Iights

Sequencing lightsat
re captivating,and skobe lightsare realattention-
getters. n ink for a m om ent about tâe effectyou could get &om com bining a
sequencing circuitw1t.
1:strobe lights...astonishing!

n e K 156 scanning lightscontrollerpresented in Su ge 1 can be used

to trigger eightstrobe lightsplaced in the frontnose ofyour skow car.

A typicalxenon strobe tube needsaround 250V to getenergized and

a 4kV spark to produce a flash. Currents involved being very sm all, electronic
circuitsrem ain sim ple and com pact. Inverter transform ersare available atlow cost
to get250V from 12VD C when used w1:11a 555 pulsing circuit

O ne of the largestselection ofstrobe lightpaltscan be found in the

ElectronicGoldminecatalog(P.O.Box5408,Scottsdale,AZ 85261;602-451-7454).
n ey carry allneeded parts, including xenon skobe tubes, inverter transform ers,
triggercoils,high volu gecapacitorsand resective m aterials. Som e pnrfqcom e w1t,
:
application K hem atics.
 93

K M ore electronic gauges

Bargraph odom eter

PCB pattern around the first row of the dum my LED S on the
speedometer display board (K145)hasbeen drawn w1t.
h an opdonalbar graph
odom eter in m ind; notice that using a lo-contact double row,right angle m ale
header,you can access to all 10 LED Sindividually.

Functionalschem adcfora bargraph odom eteropdon ispresented by

Figure 34. It O kes the scaled signal out of the 4002 NO R gate on board 171
(frequenc'y divider) and dividesitfurtherby a factorof10,using a 4017. n e
resule gpulses,m eaning 1/100* ofa m ile,are fed to a second 4017,hom wllic: tàe
bar grapk dip lay is driven. n e flip-flopsare intended to keep the LED S lighted
once triggered for tnle bargraph action;ifdoing so,tie allflip-flop resets together
with the carry outpin oftlle second 4017 to keep intelligible readings.

f-
/ c- goî7 - -- 4017 -
.)' 1C5 * i Y ... Y * 1
(<.r-i:...a.t)

M'r )t
Y
.r
'
R

Leb $ Lo d*

Figure 34. Bargraph odometerfundionalschematic.

94

Accelerom eter(G-meter)

G-force ratings are often associated w1t.

11 prototype vehicles and
handlingtests. n eyindicate the side force attracting you on sharp turnsin G units;
in other words, that's the force opposed to the gravity which could attract your
vehicle outofthekack. A gaugem easuring G -force iscalled an accelerom eter,but
m ustnotbe confused with dbration m eters.

n ereare two approachesto thedesign ofan accelerom eter.n e first

ismostlymechanical:youcanplaceaweight(actingasan inertialmass)onafree
potentiom eter shaftoriented at a right angle on the axiq being m onitored. n e
potentiom eter willbe partof a potentialdivider and the resulting voluge cmlbe
displayed and interpreted as a G-force reading once properly calibrated.

n e second approac: involves using a specially designed solid-su te

sensor,like the SXLOIOG m anufacm red by Sensym . n is device uses an acdve 4-
elem entW heatstone blidge and isbuiltaround an enclosed inertialm ass. Typical
application schem atics and technicalspecificationsare available from txe Sensym
publications.Contetctsensym (1244ReamwoodAvenue,Sunnyvale,CA 94089;408-
744-1500)foravailability.

02sensor

Ifyou can geta look on your car electricalschem atics,you should be

able to locate an oxygen sensor. n issensorisintended to m onitorthe fuel/oxygen
mixratioviayourcarcomputerandtoadjustthefuelinjecdonsystem inaccordance
with thefeedback.Usinga signalbuffer(operationalampliler),you can readthe
voltage atthe sensorwithoutintederingwith the com puter norm aloperation. The
signalV IIneed a m inim alscaling before being applied to an LM 3914N to display
the fuevoxygen m ixture on a IO-LED bar graph.

1
 95
Otherdigitalgauges

A 1ldigiOlgaugescan be simplified to three basic bloclts:a sensorthat

converts physical dimensions into a proportionalvoltage,a scaling circuit (or
interface)andadigiolvoltmeter.

U singthatapproach,andlooldngatthe CM 161E/C.
A3162E integrated
circuits as form ing a -99 m v to 999 m v voltmeter,you can design and build a wide
variety ofdigitalgauges,rangingfrom avoltmeter to a vacuum m eter, including oil.
pressure,tem perature,am m eter,f'uellevel,... n e onlylim itation otherthan sensor
availability isyour im agination.
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The Knight Projeel-Addendum ï
Voieebox B roup pcBs
Printedcircuitboardsfeatured in TheKnightProjed wereoriginally drawnby hand,on cleartilm.Overtime,thefilms
deteriorated and itbecamc increasingly diflkultto maketheseboards.In addition,some chemicalsused illthe fabrication
ofthe printed circuitboardshave been discontinued dueto health hazardsm orerecently discovered.In orderto m aintain
tht availability ofthe printed circuit boards,allboards have been reproduced in CAD programs and are now being
professionally m anufactured.

Thenew printed circuitboardsarea11double-sidedandhaveatin leadfmishforeasy solderhzg.

Updated partsplacementdiagramsare presented in thisaddendum .Changesornew alternatepartsareindicated below.For
more information,includirlg partslists,circuitschematicsand theory ofoperation,plemsereferto The KnightProjed
m anual.

1068 - d-step sequençer

M ostly tm changed.Can useterm inalblockforpow erinputwiresorsolderwiresdirectly ontotheboard.

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T he Knight Project-Addendum 5 (con1.)
1:63 - Voicebox display
Unchanged.Pay attention tothepolarity oftlleLEDSand bargraphs. A isforanodeandK isforcathode. Y ou can usenew,
jumbo lomm rotmdLEDSonbothsidesofthevoiceboxdisplay.

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Usesmalleraudiotransformer,model421+ 027 available from M ouser.
Canuseterminalblocksforpowerilzputwiresandaudiowiresorsolderwiresdirectly ontotheboard.
Can useLM 3915N-1inreplacementofLM 3915N . M anufacturermademinorchangestotlzecasingoftheintegratedcircuit
andrenamedthepart.
N ote thatthe 270-ohm resistors should be rated for !
4 W . You can alternate the location ofthese resistorsbetween the
componentsideand thesoldersidenow thattheboardistwo-sided.
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Pages 22, 62, 64, 82, 84 and 86 are blank.