SUMMARY OF OUR LESSON IN: ORAL IN COMMUNICATION IN

CONTEXT

FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION
COMMUNIS/working together
Communication is a process of sharing and conveying message s
or information from one person to another within and across
channels, contexts,media,and cultures.
(McCornack,2014). There is a wide variety of contexts and
situations in which communication can be manifested.

Communications has nature and elements

NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
*Communication is a process
*Communication occurs between two or more people (the
speaker and the reciever).
*Communication can be expressed through written or spoken
words, actions (nonverbal), or both spoken words and nonverbal
actons at the same time.

ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
*Speaker- the source of information or message
*Message-the information,ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the
speaker in words or in actions
*Encoding-the process of converting the message into words,
actions,or other forms that the speaker understands
*Channel-the medium or the means, such as personal or non-
personal,verbal or nonverbal,in which the encoded message is
conveyed

These are the process of communication their is a

PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
The speaker generates an idea:Daphne lovesRico, her suitor,as a
freind.
e speaker generates an idea
The speaker encodes an idea or converts the idea into words or
actions.:She thinks of how to tell him using their native language

The speaker transmits or sends out a message.: She tells

him,"RICO, mahal kita bilang kaibigan."

The reciever gets the message:Rico hears what Daphne says.

The reciever decodes or interprets the message based on the

context.:He tries to analyze what she means based on the content
and their relationship, and he is heartbroken.

The reciever sends or provides feedback.:He frowns and does not

say something, becausehe is in pain.
AND COMMUNICATION HAS A MODEL THESE ARE THE MODEL
OF COMMUNICATIONTHE FIRST MODEL IS THE

SHANNON - WEAVER MODELS

*Known as the mother of all communication model, the Shannon-
Weaver model (1949) depicts communications as a linear or one-
way process consisting of five elements: a source (producer of
message); a transmitter
(encoderof message into signals);
a channel (signals adapted for transmission);a reciever (decoder
of message from the signal); and a destination.

TRANSACTION MODEL
*Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model, which is a one way
process,the Transaction Model is a twoway process with the
inclusion of feedback as one element.

FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATIOB
1. CONTROL
2. SOCIAL INTERACTION
3. MOTIVATION
4. EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION
5. INFORMATIONDESSEMINATION

FEATURES OF AN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

These are the features of effective communication

COMPLETENESS
CONCISENESS
CORRECTNESS
CONCRETENESS
COURTESY
CLEARNESS

BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION

VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Verbal communication refers to an interaction in which words are
used to relay a message. for effective and succesful verbal
communication, use words to express ideas which can be easily
understood by the person you are talking to.

Verbal communication
1. appropriateness
2. brevity
3. clarity
4.ethics
5.vividness

Non-Verbal Communication
Refers to an interaction where behavior is used to convey and
represent meanings. All kinds of human responses that are not
expressed in words are classified as nonverbal communication.

Mastery of nonverbal communication is important for several

reasons:
*it enhance and emphasize the message of your speech, thus
making it more meaningful,truthful,and relevant
*it can communicate feelings,attitudes, and perceptions without
you saying a word.
*it can sustain the attention of listeners and keep them engaged
in the speech.

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

CULTURE
*Refers to all the characteristics common to a particular group of
people that are learned and not given by nature.
*A social system comprised of values,norms, and way of
behaving.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
*Our ability to communicate, interact, and work with people of
varying nationalities, backgrounds ,cultures,and even languages
across the world

DEFINITION AND NATURE OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

*Intercultural communication happens when individuals interac,
negotiate, and create meanings while bringing in their varied
cultural backgrounds(Ting-Toomey, 1999).
* Intercultural communication pertains to communication among
people from different nationalities(Gudykunst,2003).
*Still, others look at intercultural communication as
communication that is influenced by different
ethnicities,religions, and sexual orintation.

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION CAN FLOW SMOOTHLY AND

BECOME VERY INTERESTING FOR CROSSCULTURAL GROUPS BUT
IT MAY ALSO NOT GO AS PLANNED WHEN CULTURAL COLLISIONS

THE DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITY

STAGE 1:DENIAL
STAGE 2:DEFENSE
STAGE 3: MINIMIZATION
STAGE 4: ACCEPTANCE
STAGE 5:ADAPTATION
STAGE 6: INTEGRATION

BARRIRES
*Ethnocentricm-Belief that ones own cultural groups behaviors
norms ways of thinking nd ways of being are superior to all other
cultural groups
*Steotyping-Oversimplification or distortion of views of another
race , another ethnice group, or evem another culture

PREJUDICE
Negative attitude toward
a cultural group based on little
or no experience
DISCRIMINATION
Overt actions one takes
to exclude,avoid, or
distance oneself from
other groups

CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPETENT INTERCULTURAL

COMMUNICATORS

World bank (2010) identifies the following traits that define a

competent intercultural communicator .

Note that in addition to culture, other elements such as gender

age social status and religion must also be taken into
consideration when communicating with others. refrain from
showing bias when talking to someone by following the tips
below