Crim Prof 221 – Institutional Corrections It is that field of criminal justice administration which utilizes the body of knowledge
tration which utilizes the body of knowledge and
INTRODUCTION
Prison institution designed to securely house people who have been convicted of crimes.
These individuals, known as prisoners or inmates (Person Deprived of Liberty) one kept in
continuous custody on a long-term basis. Individuals who commit the commit serious crime one sent
to prison for one or more years the more serious the offense, the longer the prison term imposed. For
certain crimes, such as murder, offenders may be sentenced to prison for the remainder of their
lifetime.
Who individual are accused of violating criminal law, they are tried in a court and either
convicted (found guilty) or acquitted (found not guilty). A person who is convicted is then sentenced-
that is, assigned a specific punishment. The sentence may involve fines, probation (supervised
release), or incarceration (confirmation). Judges may sentence first-time offenders to probation
instead of incarceration. Offenders convicted of more serious crimes and those who have prior
criminal records may be sentenced to incarceration in either a jail or a prison, depending on the nature
of the crime.
CHAPTER 1
BASIC CONCEPTS
The Philippine Prison System adopted two (2) approaches in treating criminal offenders. These are
the;
1. Institutional-Based Treatment Program-
The confinement of criminal offenders inside the jail or prison to serve their sentenced by the
court where institutional programs are applied to reform and rehabilitate criminals for better
individuality.
2. The Community-Based Treatment Program
Are those programs that are intended to treat criminal offenders with in the community as
alternative to confinement. It includes all correctional activities directly addressed to the
offender and aimed at helping him to become a law-abiding citizen.
What is Correction?
A branch of the criminal justice system concerned with the supervision and rehabilitation of
criminal offenders.
practices of the government and the society in general involving the processes of handling individuals
who have been convicted of offenses for purposes of crime prevention and control.
It is the study of the jail/prison management and administration as well as the rehabilitation
and reformation of criminals.
It is a generic term that includes all government agencies, facilities, programs, procedures,
personnel, and techniques concerned with the investigation, intake, custody, confinement,
supervision, or treatment of alleged offenders.
Correction as Process
From the moment the suspect is convicted in court he is immediately transferred to the
correction institution for reformation and rehabilitation to prevent him or her from repeating his
delinquent actions without the necessary of taking punitive action but rather introduction of
individual measures of reformation until he completed the rehabilitation process that he will be
reunited with the community.
Role of Correction in the CJS
The criminal justice system comprises many distinct stages, including arrest, prosecution,
trial, sentencing, and punishment (quite often in the form of imprisonment). Correction is concerned
with and operates as society’s primary dispenses of punishment. Correction is more than simply a
nice term for punishment. As the root word of the correction implies, it focuses on correcting a
problem or serving problems in the society. Correction is defined as the systematic and organized
efforts directed by a society that attempt to punish offenders, protect the public from offenders,
change offender’s behavior and in some cases may compensate victim.
The Criminal Justice System is the machinery of any government in the control and
prevention of crimes and criminality. It is composed of the pillars of Justice such as: the police,
prosecution, court, correction and the community. Correction as one of the pillars of the Criminal
Justice System is considered as the weakest pillar. This is because of the failure to deter individuals in
committing crimes as well as the reformation of inmates. This is evident in the increasing number of
inmates in jails or prisons. Hence, the need of prison management is necessary to rehabilitate inmates
and transform them to become law abiding citizens after their release.
What is Rehabilitation?
Means; to restore to useful life, as through therapy and education or to restore to good
condition, operation, or capacity. The assumption of rehabilitation is thar people are not natively
criminal and that it is possible to restore to useful life, to a life in which they contribute to themselves
and to society. Rather than punishing; the harm out of a criminal, rehabilitation would seek by means
of education or therapy, to bring a criminal into a more normal state of mind, or into an attitude which The state has the only power to punish individual who transgress the law.
would be helpful to society, rather than be harmful to society.
Who impose sentence to criminal offenders?
Rehabilitation is simply the process of changing offenders’ pattern of criminal behavior and
The court has the only power to sentence a person who commits a wrong act.
reforming them into law abiding and productive citizens through the implementation of training or
therapy in jails. Rehabilitation is designed to encourage criminal offenders to return to the fold of
justice and enhance their self-respect, dignity and sense of responsibility towards their family and the
community.
Correctional Administration CHAPTER 2

The study and practice of a systematic management of jails or prisons and other institutions DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN CORRECTIONAL
concerned with the custody, treatment, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders. CONCEPTS AND STANDARDS

Penal Management
Historical Perspective in Correction
Refers to the manner or practice of managing or controlling places of confinement as in jails
oR prisons. 13TH Century – Securing Sanctuary

What is Penology? In the 13th century a criminal could avoid punishment by claiming refugee in a church for a
period of 90 days, at the end of which time he is compelled to leave the realm by a road or
Study of punishment for crime or criminal offenders. It includes the study of control and path assigned to him.
prevention of crime through criminal offenders.
1468 (England)
The term is derived from the Latin word “POENA” which means pain or suffering. Penology
otherwise known as Penal Science. It is actually a division of criminology that deals with prison Torture as a form of punishment became prevalent.
management and the treatment of offenders, and concerned itself with the philosophy and practice of 16th Century
society in its effort to repress criminal activities.
Transportation of criminals in England was authorized. At the end of the 16 th century Russia
Penology is a branch of Criminology. and other European countries followed this system. It partially relieved overcrowding of
Principal Aims of Penology; prisons. Transportation was abandoned in 1826.

1. To bring light in the ethical barriers of punishment, along with the motives and purpose of
society inflicting it.
2. To make comparative study of penal laws and procedures through history between nations.
3. To evaluate the social consequences of the policies enforced at a given time.
Miscellaneous Questions on Correction
What is the legal way of punishing criminals from wrong doing?
Incarceration or imprisonment is the legal way of punishing criminals.
Mid-16th Century
The period of the first house of correction appeared in England, on the petition of Bishop
Ridley of London for help in dealing with the sturdy vagabonds of the city.
17th Century to late 18th Century – Death penalty became prevalent as a form of punishment.
1872 - The first international prison Congress was held in London.
19th Century - The period of major development of correction with the almost emergence of parole
and probation.

Who punish criminal offenders?

1787 -The first fleet transported 564 males and 162 females’ prisons on the 8 th month voyage to the Once known as the HOUSE OF HALFWAY TO HELL. Located in Devonshire, England;
present site of Sydney, Australia. originally constructed to house French Prisoners.
1790 -The Pennsylvania Reform Act of 1790 It abolished corporal punishment and limited Thames River
capital offenses were reduced to only one that is first degree murder. Imprisonment at hard
Located in South of England where in 1776, prisoners were employed for a year to cleanse
labor was instituted as punishment for other serious crimes.
and build a Royal Dock in River Thames. The prisoners were quartered in hulks anchored in
1870-1880 - The Golden Age of Penology the Thames until 1807 and at Gibraltar until 1875.
1934 -The league of Nations adopted the Standard Minimum Rules for the treatment of prisoners. Milibank Penitentiary
1954 - The American Prison Association was renamed the American Colonial Association. (1812-1821)- First English Prison
1955 -United Nation preferred to identify its activities and programs under the broader concept of The New Gate Prison
social defense rather than correction.
An abandoned copper mine located at Simsbury, Connecticut, the inmates are confined
Historical Places underground and considered as black hole of horrors.
Ancient Rome The Auburn Prison
A nation who pioneered banishment as a form of punishment. (otherwise known as Congregate System, Silent System) – was established in 1816 the
original design of the prison included but William Britten, the first warden, made each double
Berlin
cell into solitary cells. Characterized by locking the inmates in separate cells at night but
The country where the last burning at the stake was made, until 1786. worked together in enforced silence in congregated workshops during day. This was the first
recorded time single cell construction was used in the world. Auburn Prison’s name was
Australia changed in 1970 to Auburn Correctional Facility. It continues to be a walled, maximum
Place where after the American gained their independence from England in 1786, the security prison for male felons.
prisoners of England were transferred until 1767. Pennsylvania Prison
Indiana and Massachusetts (Otherwise known as Solitary System-Separate System) – its features consisted in solitary
The first separate institutions for women were established. confinement of the prisoners in individual cells day and night, where they lived, slept,
received religious instructions, and read the bible and given work. Silence was also enforced.
St. Bridget’s Well
Alcatraz
(1552) -First House of Correction (England for locking-up and whipping beggars, prostitutes,
and night walkers of all sort. Located in the Middle of San Francisco Bay in California. It was formerly used as Military
Stockade and later as a Maximum-Security Prison. The most expensive prison in history.
The Panoptican
Alcatraz was named after a bird. In 1775 Spanish explorer Juan Manuel de Ayala noticed the
The Panoptican or Inspection of Prison House is a building plan made by Jeremy Bentham, a island while charting San Francisco Bay and named it “The Isle of the Pelicans” (Alcatraces
noted English exponent of the classical school of criminology, which is called for tank in Spanish). And it was left to the birds until the early 1850’s when U.S. Army engineers
structure, covered by a glass roof. surveyed the island and blasted the sides, to make it more suitable as a fort.
Dartmoor Prison
 Today, Alcatraz is a world-famous located, and as recognizable a symbol of San Francisco as
the Golden Gate Bridge. As many as 4000 tourists come to the island each day, to view this
slice of history. While most come to see the notorious prison, many leave impressed with the
scope of the island’s history and the diversity of birds and flowers to be found there. The
National Park Service has adopted a policy of “arrested decay”, to maintain Alcatraz as it
looked at various stages of its historical development. But for those still living who worked
and served time on “The Rock”, Alcatraz is not dead history but a living memory.
GAOLS
(Jails) Pretrial detention facilities operated by English Sheriff.
Galleys
Long, low, narrow, single decked ships propelled by sails, usually rowed by criminals. A type
of ship used for transportation of criminals in the late 18 th century.
Hulks
Decrepit transport, former worship converted into prisons as means of relieving congestions
of prisoner. They were also called “floating hells”.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CORRECTIONS
The transition of corruption punishment to prison as punishment took place in the eighteenth
century in 1704, for example, Pope Clement XI erected the papal prison of San Michel in Rome. In
1773, the prison in Ghent, Belgium, was established by Hippolyte Villain galleys and decreasing for
transportation. Needing new arrangement for handling prisoners, she legalized the use of “Hulks”,
which were usually “broken down” war vessels. By 1828, there were at least four thousand convicts
confined imprisoning hulks.
Early Prisons
Mamertine Prison
The only early Roman place of confinement, which is built under the main sewer of Rome in
64 B.C. The early Roman place of confinement which is built under the main sewer of Rome
in 64 B.C.
Bridewell Workhouse
The first most popular workhouse in 1570 located in London which was built for the
employment and housing of England prisoners. Built in 1557 in London for the employment
and housing of English prisoners.
Walnut Street Jail
Originally constructed as a detention jail in Philadelphia. It was converted into a state prison
and became the first American Penitentiary. In 1970, the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia
became what is commonly regarded as the nation’s first state prison, when it was converted
from simple holding facility into a prison by the to which offenders could be sentenced for
their crimes. It was converted by the Pennsylvania Quakers, following the legacy of William
Penn, intended to introduce religious and human principles into the handling offenders.
Inmates in Philadelphia Penitentiary were held in solitary confinement and were expected to
wrestle with the evil they harbored. The prisoners work eight to ten hour a day and received
religious instruction. Prisoners were allowed to talk only in the night room before retiring.
It has been called the Birthplace of the prison system.
Early Prison in the Philippines
The Old Bilibid Prison, established on June 25, 1865 under Spanish Royal Decree, then known as
Carcel y Presidio Correccional (Spanish, “Correctional Jail and Military Prison’) occupied a
rectangular piece of land which was part of Mayhalique Estate in the heart of Manila. Due to
increasing
The Two Rival Prison System in the History of Corrections
The Auburn Prison System
(New York System-Congregate-Silent System) – was established in 1816. 1796, New York
passed a law that provide for the building of two prisons. The first, built in New York City,
was called Newgate 1797. The second, was Auburn in 1817. The original design of the prison
included 61 double cells but William Britte, the first warden, made each double cell into
solitary cells thinking it would be easier to handle separated convicts. This was the first
recorded time single cell construction was used in the world. During Auburn Prison early
year, visitors from across America and Europe came to see the prison. Among its feature
were the confinement of prisoners in single cells at night and congregation at work in shops
during the day. Complete silence was enforced. The plan included the stripped suit, close
cropped hair, locksmith, and harsh punishment, which included beating and flogging. Its
system was considered more advantageous because it has been observed that prisoners can
finish more articles when they work in group that working alone in their individual cells.
Discipline was strictly enforced at Auburn.
Pennsylvania Prison System
 (Solitary System-Separate System) – its features consisted in solitary confinement of the
prisoners in individual cells day and night, where they lived, slept, received religious
instructions and read the bible and given work. Silence was also enforced.
THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
sleeping, segregation of youth provision of sanitation facilities abolition of free system by
which jailers obtained money of prisoners. He wrote the “state of prisons” published in 1777.
THE REFORMATORY MOVEMENT (18th century called the Age of Enlightenment)
(1876-1890)

18th Century is a century of change; it is the period of recognizing human dignity. It is the
movement of reformation, the period of introduction of certain reform in the correctional field by
certain person, gradually changing the old positive philosophy of punishment to a more humane
treatment of prisoners with innovational programs.
The Pioneers:
Alexander Mocanochie
He was the superintendent of the penal colony at Norfolk Island in Australia (1848), who
introduces the “Mark System”. A system in which a prisoner is required to earn numbers of
marks based on proper department, labor and study in order to entitle him for a ticket for
leave or conditional release which similar to parole.

1. William Penn (1614-1718) Mocanochie’s Marks System consisted of five stages

-He fought for religious freedom and individual rights. 1. Strict custody upon admission to the penal colony
2. Works on government gangs
- He is the first leader to prescribe imprisonment as correctional treatment for major offense. 3. Limited freedom on the within a prescribed area
- He is also responsible for the abolition of death penalty and torture as form of punishment. 4. Ticket of leave, and
5. Full restoration of Liberty
2. Charles Montesquieu (Charles Louis Secondat, Beron de la Brode et de Montesquieu)
He also introduced other progressive measures such as fair disciplinary trial building of
(1694-1778) he French historian and philosopher who analyzed law as an expression of
churches, distributing books, and permitting prisoners to tend sr gardens.
justice. He believed that harsh punishment could undermine morality and that appealing to
moral sentiments as a letter means of preventing crime. Manuel Montesimos
3. VOLTAIRE (Francois Marie Arouet) The director of Prisons in Valencia Spain (1835) who divided the number of prisoners into
companies and appointed certain prisoners as petty flowers in charge, which allowed the
(1694-1778) – he was the most versatile of all philosophers during this period. He believes
reduction of the inmates’ sentence by one third (1/3) behavior, offered training to prepare the
that fear of shame was a deterrent to crime he fought the legality-sanctioned practice torture.
convicts for return to society.
4. Cesare Beccaria (Cesare Bonesa marchese de Beccaria)
Domets of France
He wrote an essay entitled “An Essay on Crimes and Punishment”, the most exciting on law
during this century. It presented the humanistic goal of law. Established an agricultural colony for delinquent boys in 1839 providing house fathers as in
5. Jeremy Bentam charge of these boys.
(1748-16320 – the greatest leader in the reform of English Criminal law. He believes that
whatever punishment designed to negate whatever pleasure or gain the criminal derives from Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise
crime rate would rate go down. Bentham was the one who devise the ultimate Panoptical The director of the English prison who opened the Borstal Institution after visiting Elmira
prison – a prison that consist of a large circular building contain in multi cells around the Reformatory in 1897. The Borstal Institution is considered as the best reform institution for
periphery it was never built. young offenders today. This system was based entirely on the individualized treatment.
6. John Howard
(1726-1790) – the sheriff of Bedfordshire in 1773 who devoted his life and fortune to prison
reform after his findings on English Prisons, he recommended the following single cells for
Walter Crofton
 He was the director of the Irish Prison in 1854 who introduced the Irish System that was
modified from the Mocanochie’s Mark System. Which was later called Progressive Stage
system.
Zebulon Brockway
The director of the Elmira Reformatory in New York (1876) who introduced a new
institutional program for boys, 16 to 30 years of age. Under this program:
a. A new prisoner was classified as second grace,
b. Promoted to first grade after six months of good behavior,
c. Another six months of good behavior for one month before he could be reclassified to
second grade.
The ELMIRA REFORMATORY – is considered as the forerunner of modern
penology because it had all the element of a modern correctional system, among which
its emphasis was placed on educational and trade training opportunity for parole and
classification of inmates according to conduct.
Opened in 1876 it rejected 19 th century penology holy trinity of Silence, Obedience
and Labor. Elmira goal would be reform of the convict and its methods would be
psychological rather than physical. Instead of coercing with the lash, Elmira would
encourage with rewards. Mass regimentation would yield to classification and
individualized treatment. Instead of fixed to fit the crime, the indeterminate sentence
would be adjustable to fit the criminal rather than release after the offenders ``paid his
dept to society” the parole procedure would assure he did not begin running up a new lab
Elmira quickly redefined the term “reform” until them understood only in purely
religious term.
The greatest contribution of the Elmira reformatory system was its emphasis on
rehabilitation through education and the use of the indeterminate sentence and parole.
Brockway rejected pointless hard labor, a regime of license, religious and morality
lecture, and strict obedience enforced by brutality. Focused on reformation and education
to mold each prisoner so that he or she could be returned to society. Among the programs
begun at the reformatory included courses in ethics and religion, vocational training in
various trades and extra-curricular activities such as prison bond, newspaper and various
athletic leagues.
EARLY CODES
History has shown that there are three main legal systems in the world, which have been
extended to and adopted by all countries aside from those that produced them. In their Chronological
order, they are the Roman Law, The Mohammedan or Arabic and the Anglo-American Laws. Among
the three, it was Roman Law that has the most lasting and most pervading influence. The Roman
Private Law, which includes criminal law, especially has offered the most adequate basic concepts
which sharply define, in concise and inconsistent, terminology, mature rules and a complete system,
logical and firm, tempered with a high sense of equity.
1. Babylonian and Sumerian Codes
a. Code of King Hammurabi (Hammurabi Code) – Babylon (the capital of Babylonia, on
the Euphrates River, noted for luxury and wickedness) about 1990 BC, credited as the
oldest code prescribing savage punishment, but in fact, Sumerian codes were nearly one
hundred years older.
A code named after a person who firstly adopted the principle “eye for an eye, and a
tooth for a tooth” in the imposition of punishment.
2. Roman and Greek Codes
a. Justinian Code – 6th C.A.D., Emperor Justinian of Rome (the ancient Italian kingdom
republic, and empire whose capital was the city of Rome) wrote his new code of law. An
effort to match a desirable amount of punishment to all possible crimes. However, the
law did not survive due to the fall of the Roman empire but left a foundation of western
legal codes.
The Twelve Tables (XII Tabulate), (431-450 BC) represented by earliest codification of
Roman Law incorporated in the Justinian Code. It is the foundation of all public and
private law of the Romans until the time of Justinian. It is also a collection of legal
principles engraved on metal tablets and set up on the forum.
b. Greek Code of Draco – in Greece (a republic in south Europe) the Code of Draco, harsh
code that provides the same punishment for both citizens and the slaves as it incorporates
primitive concept. (Vengeance, Blood Feuds).
The Greeks were in the first society to allow any citizen to prosecute the offender in
the name of the injured party.
3. The Burgundian Code – Specified punishment according to the social class of the offenders,
dividing them into nobles, middle class and lower class and specifying value of the life of
each person according to social status. (500 A.D.)
EARLY CODES (PHILIPPINES)
The Philippines is one of the many countries that came under the influence of the Roman
Law. History has shown that the Roman Empire reached its greatest extent to most of continental
Europe such as Spain, Portugal, French and all of Central Europe.
Eventually, the Spanish Civil Code became effective in the Philippines on December 7, 1889,
the Conquistadores, and the Kodigo Penal (Revised Penal Code) today, 1930) was produced by the
Spaniards promulgated by the King of Spain. Basically, these laws adopted the Roman Law
principles (Coquin Principles of Roman Law 1996).
Mostly tribal traditions, customs and practices influenced laws during the pre-Spanish
Philippines. There was also law that were written includes:
a. The Code of Kalantiao (promulgated in 1433) – the most expensive and severe law that
prescribes harsh punishment.
b. The Maragtas Code (by Datu Sumakwel)
The Emergence of Secular Law
4th A.D. Secular laws were advocated by Christian philosophers who recognize the need for justice.
Some of the proponents these laws were St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas.
Three Laws were distinguished; External Law (Lex External), Natural Law (Lex Naturalis) a
principle or body of laws considered as derived from nature, right reason, or religion and as ethically
bidding in human society, Human Law (Lex Humana). All these laws are intended for the common
good, but the human law only becomes valid if it does not conflict with the other two laws.
CHAPTER 3
PUNISHMENT AND PENALTY
(SENTENCING)
What is Punishment
It is the redress that the state against an offending member of the society that usually involves
pain and suffering. It is also the penalty imposed on an offender for a crime or wrongdoing.
Criminal Punishment
Penalties imposed by the government on individuals who violate criminal law. People who
commit may be subject to fines or other monetary assessments the infliction of physical pain or
confinement in jail or prison for a period of time (incarceration).
In general societies punish individuals to achieve revenge against wrongdoing and to prevent
further crime both the person punished and by others contemplating criminal punishment reflect a
philosophy of correction, rather than one of penalty correctional programs attempts to teach offenders
how to substitute lawful types of behavior for unlawful actions.
In ancient times, societies widely accepted the law of equal retaliation (known as lex talionis)
a form of corporal punishment that demanded “an eye for an eye” for one person’s criminal actions
injured another person, authorities would be similarly main the criminal.
What is the purpose of Punishment?
The purpose of punishment is to show disapproval for the offender’s wrongdoing, and to
clearly condemn his criminal actions. This is why we punish; we punish to censure (retribution), we
do not punish merely to help person change for the better (rehabilitation).
According to European penal reformer argued that punishment must sought to humanize by
making its exercise equal, consistent, and beneficial to all of society. Foucault relates that punishment
helps bring forth a new economy of power, one that shifted the emphasized the political economy of
penology and sought to strip the practice of punishment from their jurisdictions. Durkheim (1893),
stated that the social function of punishment is to give effect to the effect to the emotional stage
outrage of a society whose norms, have been breached by the criminal act.
Who are exempted from Punishment?
Art. 12 of the Revised Penal Code the following are exempted from criminal liability:
1. An imbecile (is characterized by old age has a mental development comparable to that of
a child between two and seven) or an insane (is one deprived completely of reason or
discernment and freedom) person, unless the latter has acted during lucid interval. The
latter is exempted from punishment because of complete deprivation of intelligence or
total deprivation of freedom of the will.
2. A person under the nine (9) years of age acting without discernment. The latter is
exempted from criminal liability because of the reason that the act without the least
discernment to understand the difference between right and wrong.
Ancient Forms of Punishment
1. Death Penalty – affected by burning, beheading, hanging, and breaking the wheels,
pillory and other forms of medieval executions.
Forms of Capital Punishment
1. Gassing – a gas chamber is a execution where by a poisonous gas is introduced
into a hermetically sealed chamber. When the condemned breathes this gas, death
follows, Hydrogen Cyanide or more rarely Carbon Monoxide, are the typical
agents.
2. Electric Chair – a device commonly used for execution of convicted criminals
during the 20th century.
 3. Hanging – is a form of execution or method of suicide in England the short drop
was used until the 19th century until the 20th century long drop was introduced,
which caused the breaking of neck.
4. Lethal Injection – is a method of capital punishment, it gained popularity in the
20th century as supposedly humane from of execution.
Lethal Injection in the country is affected by RA 8177 known as “Act
designating Death by Lethal Injection”. Execution of lethal injection actually
started only in 1999 and seven convicts were executed by injection until 2000.
But today, lethal injection is already abolished in the Philippine by virtue of RA
9346 known as “An act prohibiting the imposition of Death Penalty in the
Philippines” that was approved on June 24, 2006.
5. Firing Squad – is a method of capital punishment particularly common in times
of war, a firing squad is a group of people, usually soldiers, who are ordered to
shoot at the condemned person simultaneously. Commonly used to execute spies
and use to execute war criminals after World War II most notably by Poland and
Russia.
2. Physical Torture – affected by maiming, mutilation, whipping and other inhumane or
barbaric forms of inflicting pain.
Forms of Physical Torture
1. Social Degradation – putting the offender into shame or humiliation.
2. Banishment or Exile – the sending or putting away of an offender which was carried
out either by prohibition against coming into a specified territory such as in land to
where the offender has been removed.
3. Slavery – emphasizes the idea of complete ownership and control by a master
4. Transportation – banishment as of a criminal to a penal colony; deportation
5. Mutilation – to deprive a person of a limb or other essential part.
6. Branding – a mark formerly put-upon criminals with a hot iron indicating the type of
crime they had committed. (M-Murder, T-Thief)
7. Ducking Tool – was a popular form of punishment often used for scolding woman.
The culprit was strapped into a chair attached to a long lever. The operator could
duck the chair into a water and thereby submerge the culprit and crowds would often
gather to watch. Quarrelsome married couples were ducked tied back-to-back.
8. Flooging-Whipping – whipping as a form of punishment can be found in the bible
(Deuteronomy)
9. Pillory – a wooden framework erected on a post, with holes for securing the head and
hands, formerly used to expose an offender to public derision.
10. Stock – a former instrument of punishment consisting of a framework with holes for
securing the ankles and sometime, the wrists used to expose an offender to public
derision.
Theory of Punishment (reasons of punishment)
1. Absolute Theory – (Retributive Justice) is an action imposed by the state towards the
criminal in return of losses by the offended party or a reward for a criminal who,
committed a crime to vindicate (to clear as from accusation) of absolute right and moral
law violated by the criminal.
2. Relative Theory – centered on;
a. Prevention – to prevent or suppress the danger to the state arising
from the crime.
b. Self-defense – to protect society from the wrong or threat
inflicted by the offender.
c. Reformation – to correct and reform the offender.
d. Exemplary – to deter others from committing crimes/offenses.
Redress (Compensation) of a Wrong Act in the Primitive Society
a. Retaliation. Also known as Lex Talionis (Personal Vengeance) – the earliest remedy for a
wrong act to a criminal in primitive society. Applies the concept of personal revenge to
return like by the victims’ family or tribe against the family societies. This system is no
longer accepted in modern society.
b. Fines and Punishment – custody has exerted effort and great force among primitive
societies. The acceptance of vengeance in the form of payment (cattle, food, personal
service, etc.,) became accepted as dictated by tribal traditions. In modern society, a fine is
a monetary penalty imposed on an offender and paid to the court and punishment is
centered on imprisonment to rehabilitate the offender.
Contemporary Forms of Punishment
Imprisonment – putting the offender in prison for the purpose of protection the public against
criminal activities and at the same time rehabilitating the prisoners by requiring them to undergo
institutional treatment programs.
Parole – a conditional release of a prisoner after serving part of his/her sentence in prison for the
purpose of gradually re-introducing him/her to free life under the guidance and supervision of a
parole officer.
Probation – a disposition whereby a defendant after conviction of an offense, the penalty of which 3. Personal – the guilty one must be the one to be punished, no proxy.
does not exceed six (6) years of imprisonment, is released subject to the conditions imposed by the 4. Legal – the consequence must be in accordance with the law.
releasing court and under the supervision of a probation officer. 5. Equal – equal for all persons.
6. Certain- no one must escape its effects.
Note: the purpose of Parole and Probation is to help individual re-integrate into society as
7. Correctional -changes the attitude of offenders and become law-abiding citizens.
constrictive individuals as soon as they are able.
Duration of Penalty
Distinction between Parole and Probation
1. Death Penalty – capital punishment
PAROLE PROBATION
2. Reclusion Perpetua -a term of 20 years + 1 day to 40 years imprisonment
Administrative function exercised by the It is a judicial function exercised by court 3. Reclusion Temporal - 12 years + 1 day to 20 years of imprisonment
executive branch of government 4. Prison Mayor – 6 years + 1 day to 12 years of imprisonment
5. Prison Correctional – 6 months + 1 day to 6 years of imprisonment
Granted to a prisoner (Person Deprived of Liberty) Granted to an offender immediately after 6. Arresto Mayor – 1 month + 1 day to 6 months of imprisonment
only after he has served minimum of his conviction in prison 7. Arresto Menor – 1 day to 1 month of imprisonment
sentenced. 8. Bond to keep the Peace - discretionary on the part of the court
It is an extension of correctional It is a substitute for imprisonment Forms of Repetitions
Granted by the BPP (Board of Pardon and Parole) Granted by the Court 1. Recidivism (Recidivist) – when a person at the time of his trial for one crime shall have been
previously convicted by final judgment of another crime embraced in the same title of the
Parolee Probationer
code.
Parolee supervised by Parole Officer. Probationer supervised by Probation Officer. 2. Reiteration/ Habituality – presupposes that the offender had served the sentence of an offense
the penalty which is equal or greater than the attached by the law to the second offense or for
two or more offenses in which the law attaches a lighter penalty.
Fine – paid as punishment a sum of money that somebody is ordered to pay for breaking a law or 3. Quasi-Recidivism (Quasi-Recidivist) – any person who shall commit a felony after having
rule. been convicted by final judgment, before beginning to serve such sentence or while serving
the same, shall be punished by the maximum period of the penalty prescribed by law of new
Destierro – the penalty of banishing a person from the place where he committed a crime, prohibiting felony.
him to get near or enter the 25-kilometer perimeter. 4. Habitual Delinquency – when a person within the 10 years from the date of his release or last
What is Penalty conviction of the crimes of (FRETSeL) Falsification, Robbery, Estafa, Theft, Serious or Less
Serious Physical Injuries the offender is found guilty of any of said crimes a third time or
The suffering inflicted by the state against an offending member for the transgression of law. oftener.
It is a legal and official punishment for committing a crime or other offense.
Prescription of Crimes
Juridical Conditions of Penalty
Is the forfeiture or loss of the losses of the right of the state to prosecute the offender after the
Penalty must be; lapse of a certain time.
1. Productive of suffering -without however affecting the integrity of the human personality. 1. Crime punishable by other afflictive penalty - 15 years
2. Commensurate with the offense – different crimes must be punished with the different 2. Correctional Penalty - 10 years
penalty (Art. 25 of RPC). 3. Arresto Mayor - 5 years
 4. Libel or Other Similar offenses - 1 year 2. By service of sentence
5. Oral defamation and slander by deed - 6 months 3. By amnesty which completely extinguish the penalty and all its effect
6. Light offenses - 2 months 4. By absolute pardon
5. By prescription of crime
Classification of Penalties
6. By prescription of penalty
1. Principal Penalties – those expressly imposed by the court in the judgment of conviction. 7. By the marriage of the offended woman
Partial extinction of criminal liability. – Criminal liability is extinguished partially:
A. Classification of Principal Penalties according to divisibility
1. Divisible Penalty- those that have fixed duration and are divisible into three periods. 1. By conditional pardon;
2. Indivisible Penalty – those which have no fixed duration. Ex. Death 2. By commutation of the sentence; and
3. For good conduct allowances which the culprit may earn while he is undergoing preventive
B. According to subject manner imprisonment or serving his sentence." (RA 10592)
1. Corporal (death)
2. Deprivation of freedom (reclusion, prison, arresto) Kinds of Partial Extinguishment:
3. Restriction of freedom (destierro) 1. By Conditional Pardon
4. Deprivation of right (disqualification and suspension) 2. By Commutation of sentence
5. Pecuniary (fine) 3. For good conduct, allowances which the culprit may earn while he is serving sentence

C. According to gravity
1. Capital
2. Afflictive Penalty
3. Correctional Penalty
4. Light Penalty
Conditional pardon – a contract between the sovereign power of the executive and the convict
– Death
- Reclusion Perpetua NOTE: Convict shall not violate any of the penal laws of the Philippines.
Reclusion Temporal
Perpetual or Temporary Absolute In Case Of Violation Of Conditions:
Disqualification 1. Offender is re-arrested and re-incarcerated
Perpetual or Temporary Special 2. Prosecution under Art. 159
disqualification
Prison Mayor COMMUTATION – change in the decision of the court by the chief regarding the:
- Prison Correctional 1. degree of the penalty
Arresto Mayor 2. by decreasing the length of the imprisonment or fine
Suspension
Destierro Commutation Allowed When:
- Arresto Menor 1. person is over 70 years old
Public Censure 2. 8 justices fail to reach a decision affirming the death penalty

2.Accessory Penalty – those that are deemed included in the imposition of the principal Conditional Pardon From Parole
penalty. 1. Conditional Pardon - Given after final judgment
   Parole - Given after service of the minimum penalty
Total Extinction of Criminal Liability
1. By the death of the convict 2. Conditional Pardon - Granted by Chief Executive
   Parole - Given by the Board of Pardons and Parole
3. Conditional Pardon - For violation, the convict may be prosecuted under 159
   Parole - For violations, may be rearrested, convict serves the remaining sentence
CHAPTER 4
PRISON SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES
PHILIPPINE CORRECTIONAL AGENCIES
The Correctional system in the Philippines is composed of Six (6) agencies under the Three
(3) distinct separate executive department of the national government, namely;
1. The Department of Justice – under this are the Bureau of Corrections, the Parole and
Probation Administration and the Board of Pardon and Parole.
2. The Department of Interior and Local Government – under this are the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology which runs the city, municipal, and district jail; and the provincial
jails through their respective provincial government. And
3. The department of Social Welfare and Development – under this is the Bureau of Child
Youth Welfare which overseas youth rehabilitation center.
PRISON
A penitentiary, an institution for the imprisonment (incarceration) of person convicted of
major/serious crimes.
A building, usually with cells, or other places established for the purpose of taking safe
custody of confinement of criminals.
Refers to a penal establishment under the control of the Bureau of Corrections and shall
include the New Bilibid Prison, the Correctional Institution for Women, the Leyte Regional Prison
and the Davao, San Ramon, Sablayan, and Iwahig Prison and Penal Farms.
PRISON AND PENAL COLONIES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Corrections in the Philippines started during pre-colonial times when the task was
community-based. It was only during the Spanish regime that an organized corrective service was
made operational. On November 1, 1905, Reorganization Act No. 1407 was approved creating the
Bureau of Prisons under the Department of Commerce and Police. In the early days of the Bureau of
Corrections (formerly Bureau of Prisons), penal institution was established closed or transferred to
new sites. These included the Old Bilibid Prison, New Bilibid Prison and Correctional Institution for
Women, Fort Bonifacio, Iwahig Penal Colony (now Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm), San Ramon
Prison and Penal Farm, Davao Prison and Penal Farm, Bontoc Prison, Sablayan Prison and Penal
Farm and Leyte Regional Prison.
Old Bilibid Prison, was the main penitentiary in the early 1900s Located in Oroquieta Street
in Manila established in 1847 under a Spanish Royal Degree formally opened on April 10, 1866
known as Carcel y Presidio Correccional (Spanish, “Correctional Jail and Military Prison’)
occupied a rectangular piece of land which part of the Mayhalique Estate in the heart of Manila. It is
divided into two (2) sections the Carcel Section which could accommodate 600 inmates and the
Presidio Section which could accommodate 527 prisoners. Due to increasing crime, the Philippine
Commonwealth Act No.67 and a new prison was built in Muntinlupa on 551 hectares of land. In
1940, the prisoners, equipment and facilities were transferred to the new prison. The remnants of the
old facility was used by the City of Manila as its detention center then known as Manila City Jail. In
1941, the new facility was officially named “the New Bilibid Prison”.
COVERAGE OF BUREAU OF CORRECTION
Bureau of Correction
Bureau of Prison was renamed Bureau of Correction under Executive Order 292, The
Administrative Code of the 1987 passed during the Aquino Administration. It states that the head of
the Bureau of Correction is the Director of Prisons who is appointed by the President of the
Philippines with the confirmation of the Commission of Appointment.
The Bureau of Correction has general supervision and control of all national prisons or
penitentiaries. It is charged with the safekeeping of all insular prisoners confined therein or
committed to the custody of the Bureau.
1. New Bilibid Prison (NBP) - in Muntinlupa City, Rizal, Philippines is the main insular
penitentiary designed to house the prison population of the Philippines. It is maintained by
the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) under the Department of Justice. As of May 2018, the
NBP housed 26,877 convicted criminals. The penitentiary had an initial land area of 551
hectares.
NBP Main Building – the institution became the maximum-security compound in the
70’s and continues to be so. The camp houses not only death convicts and inmates sentenced
to life term, but also those with numerous pending cases, multiple convictions, and sentences
of more than 20 years.
Two (2) Satellites Unit of NBP
 a. Camp Sampaguita - this is the institution became the house of medium-security
compound.
b. Camp Bukang Liwayway – this is the institution became the house of minimum-security
compound.
2. Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm – is located in Occidental Mindoro and relatively new
established on September 26, 1954 by virtue of Presidential Proclamation no. 72, the penal
colony has a total land area of approximately 16, 190 hectares.
Sablayan prison is a facility where prisoners from NBP are brought for decongestion
purposes. It follows the same colony standards as other penal farms.
Products – Rice and Vegetables
3. Leyte Regional Prison -was established on January 16, 1973 situated in Abuyog, Southern
Leyte, was established a year after the declaration of martial law in 1972 by virtue of
Presidential Decree No. 28.
The Leyte Regional Prison has an inmate capacity of 500. It follows the same
agricultural format as the main correctional program in addition to some rehabilitation
activities. The prison admits convicted offenders from Region VI and from the national
penitentiary in Muntinlupa.
4. Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) formally Women’s Prison – is located in
Mandaluyong, Rizal, was founded on November 27, 1929 and it is the one and only prison
for women in the Philippines. It was established through Act No. 3579.
On February 14, 1931, the women prisoners were transferred from the Old Bilibid
Prison to new building especially constructed for them. Its old name, “Women’s Prison”,
was changed to “Correctional Institution for Women (CIW)”. The CIW occupied 18
hectares.
5. Iwahig Penal Colony formerly known as Iuhit – This prison also called “Prison without Wall”
established in 1904 in Puerta Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines was located on the
westernmost part of the archipelago far from the main town to confine incorrigibles with little
hope of rehabilitation. This facility was established during the American. A land reservation
of 28,072 hectares of land. The land areas expanded to 40,000 hectares in the late 1950s and
expanded again to 41,007 hectares by virtue of Executive Order No. 67 issued by Governor
Newton Gilbert on October 15, 1912.
Iwahig is subdivided into four (4) zones or districts:
1. Central sub-colony with an area of 14,700 hectares;
2. Sta. Lucia with 9,685 hectares;
3. Montible with 8,000 hectares; and
4. Inawagan with 13,000 hectares.
6. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm – was established in Southern Zamboanga facing the Jolo
sea on August 21, 1870 through a Royal Decree promulgated in 1869. Considered as the
Oldest penal Facility in the country, prisoners in San Ramon were required to do agricultural
work
7. Davao Prison and Penal Farm – was formally established on January 21, 1932 by virtue of
Act No. 3732. The Davao Penal Colony is the first penal settlement founded and organized
under Filipino administration. The settlement, which originally had an area of approximately
30,000 hectares in the districts of Panabo and Tagum, Davao del Norte.
WHO IS PRISONER?
A Prisoner also known Person Deprived of Liberty (PDL) who is under the custody
of lawful authority. A person who, by reason of his criminal sentence or by a decision issued
by court, may be deprived of his liberty or freedom.
A PDL is any person detained/confined in jail or prison for the commission of a
criminal offense or convicted and serving in a penal institution.
A person committed in jail or prison a competent authority for any of the following
reasons: to serve a sentence after conviction, trial, investigation.
General Classification of Prisoners
1. Detention Prisoners – those detained for investigation, preliminary hearing, or awaiting trial.
A detainee in a lock-up jail, they are prisoners under the jurisdiction of Courts.
2. Sentenced Prisoners – offenders who are committed to the jail or prison in order to serve
their sentence after final conviction by a competent court. They are prisoners under the
jurisdiction of penal institution.
3. Prisoners who are on safekeeping – includes non-criminal offenders who are detained in
order to protect the community against their harmful behavior. Ex. Mentally deranged
individuals, insane persons.
Classification of Sentenced Prisoners
1. Insular or National Prisoners – those sentenced to suffer a term of sentence of 3 years and 1
day to life imprisonment. Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment cited above but
appealed to judgments and unable to file a bond for their temporary liberty.
2. Provincial Prisoners – those persons sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 6
months and 1 day to 3 years or a fine more than 1,000 pesos, both; or those detained therein
 waiting for preliminary investigation of their cases cognized by the Regional Trial Court
(RTC).
3. City Prisoners – those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 1 day to 3 years or a
fine of note more than 1,000 pesos or both. Those detained therein whose cases are filed with
Municipal Trial Court (MTC). Those detained therein whose cases are recognized by the
RTC and under Preliminary Investigation.
4. Municipal Prisoners – those confined in Municipal Jails to serve an imprisonment from 1 day
to 6 months. Those detained therein whose trials of their cases are pending with the MTC.
Classification of Prisoners (PDL) According to Degree of Security (BUCOR)
Prisoners; how classified – prisoners shall be classified as to security stated and as to entitlement to
prison privileges
Classification of prisoners as to security risk – a prisoner shall be assigned to any of the following
security groups:
a. Maximum Security – this shall include highly dangerous or high security risk inmates
as determined by the Classification Board who require a high degree of control and
supervision. Under the category are-
● Those sentenced to death
● Those whose minimum sentence is twenty (20) years imprisonment;
● Remand inmates or detainees whose sentence is twenty (20) years and above
● Those are recidivists, habitual delinquents and escapees;
● Those confined at the Reception and Diagnostic Center;
● Those under disciplinary punishment or safekeeping; and
● Those who are criminally insane or those with severe personality or emotional
disorders that make them dangerous to fellow prisoners or the prison staff.
b. Medium Security – this shall include those who cannot be trusted in less-secured
areas and those whose conduct or behavior require minimum supervision. Under the
category are-
● Those whose minimum sentence is less than twenty (20) years imprisonment;
● Remand prisoners or detainees whose sentence are below twenty (20) years;
● Those who are eighteen (18) years of age and below; regardless of the case and
sentence;
● Those who have two (2) or more records of escapes, they can be classified as
medium security inmates (prisoners) of they have served eight (8) years since
they were recommitted. Those with one (1) record of escape must serve five (5)
years; and
● First offenders sentenced to life imprisonment, they may be classified as
medium security if they have served five (5) years in a maximum security or less,
upon the recommendation of the Superintendent. Those who were detained in a
city and/or provincial jails shall be entitled to said classification.
c. Minimum Security – this shall include those who can be reasonably trusted to serve
their sentence under less restricted conditions. Under this category are-
● Those with a severe physical handicap as certified by the Chief medical officer
of the prison;
● Those who are sixty-five (65) years old and above; without pending case and
whose conviction are not on appeal;
● Those who have served one-half (1/2) of their sentence or one-third (1/3) of
their maximum sentence, excluding Good Conduct and Time Allowance
(GCTA) as provided in Chapter 4, Part III hereof; and
● Those who have only six (6) months more to serve before the expiration of their
maximum sentence.
Color of Uniform as to security classification – the color of the uniform of an inmate shall be based
on his security classification, as follows:
a. Maximum Security – Tangerine / Orange
b. Medium Security – Blue
c. Minimum Security – Brown
d. Detainee - Gray
Classification of Inmate (prisoner) as to entitlement to privilege – inmate shall be classified as follow.
Determine their entitlement to prison privileges.
a. Detainee;
b. Third Class Inmate – one who has either been previously committed for three (3) or more
times as a sentenced inmate, except those imprisoned for non-payment of fine
c. Second Class Inmate - a newly arrived inmate; an inmate demoted from first class, or one
promoted from the third class;
d. First Class Inmate – one whose known character and credit for work while in detention
earned assignment to this promoted from the second class;
e. Colonist- The Director may, upon the recommendation of the Classification Board, classify
an inmate who has the following qualifications as a colonist:
1. Be at least a first-class inmate and has served one (1) year immediately preceding
the completion of the period specified in the following qualifications;
 2. Has served imprisonment with good conduct for a period equivalent to one fifth (1/5)
of the maximum term of his prison sentence, or seven (7) years in the case of a life DEFINITION OF TERMS
sentence.
1. Carpeta - refers to the institutional record of an inmate which consists of his mittimus or
commitment order issued by the Court after conviction, the prosecutor's information and the
WHAT IS JAIL? decisions of the trial court and the appellate court, if any; certificate of non-appeal, certificate
It is a place for locking-up of person who is convicted of minor offenses or felonies are to of detention and other pertinent documents of the case;
2. Commitment Order – A written order of the court or any other competent authority
serve short sentence imposed upon them by competent court or fine confinement of person who are
consigning an offender to a jail or prison for confinement.
awaiting trial or investigation of their cases. 3. Competent Authority – refers to the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, regional trial Court,
Types of Jail Metropolitan Trail Court, Municipal Trial Court, Sandigan Bayan, and Military Court
including the House of Representative, Senate, Commission on Elections, Bureau of
1. Lock-up Jail – is a security facility, common to police stations, used for temporary Immigration and the Board of Pardons and Parole.
confinement of an individual held for investigation. 4. Contraband – Any article, item or things prohibited by law and/or forbidden by jail rules.
2. Ordinary Jail – is the type of jail commonly used to detain a convicted criminal offender to 5. Escape – An act of getting out unlawfully from confinement or custody of an officer.
serve sentence less than three (3) years. 6. Instrument of Restraint – A device, contrivance, tool or instrument used to old back, keep
3. Workhouses, Jail Farm or Camp – a facility that houses minimum custody offenders who are in, check or control an offender; e.g. handcuffs, leg iron.
serving short sentence or those who are undergoing constructive work programs. It provides 7. Mittimus – is a warrant issued by a court directing the jail or prison authorities to receive the
convicted offender for the service of the sentence imposed therein.
full employment of prisoners, remedial services and constructive leisure time activities.
8. Prison Record - refers to information concerning an inmate's personal circumstances, the
Provincial Jail offense he committed, the sentence imposed, the criminal case number in the trial and
appellate courts, the date he commenced serving his sentence, the date he was received for
Provincial Jail in the Philippines is not under the jurisdiction oof the Bureau of Correction confinement, the place of confinement, the date of expiration of the sentence, the number of
and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology. They are managed and controlled by the Provincial previous convictions, if any, and his behavior or conduct while in prison.
Government. 9. Rehabilitation – a program of activity directed to restore and offender’s self-respect thereby
makingh im a law-abiding citizen after serving his sentence.
Jail Prison 10. Superintendent – refers to the one in charge of prison.
Facility authorized to hold person Institution for the incarceration of persons 11. Death Convict – refers to an inmate whose death penalty is imposed by a regional trial
undergoing investigation, awaiting or convicted of serious crimes whose penalty Court, which is affirmed by the Supreme Court en banc.
undergoing trial and Awaiting final is more than 3 years 12. Inmate – refers to a national prisoner or one sentenced by a court to serve a maximum term
judgment. Those who are serving short of imprisonment of more than three years or a fine more than one thousand pesos.
sentences up to 3 years 13. Offender – either a prisoner or detainee confined in jail.
Usually administered by subdivision of Administered by state. 14. Safekeeping – the temporary custody of a person for his own protection, safety or care; and
states that of the
Convicted or pending trial Only convicted community from him.
Provincial Jail is under provincial Prisons are under the Bureau of Corrections 15. Detainee – a person who is confined in prison pending preliminary investigation, trial or
government, Municipal and City District appeal; or upon legal process issued by competent authority.
Jail are under Bureau of Jail Management
and Penology
Headed by a Warden Headed by a Superintendent

CHAPTER 5
 THE INSTITUTIONALIZED TREATMENT PROGRAMS
3. RELIGIOUS SERVICES IN PRISON
The purpose of this program is to change the attitudes of inmates by inculcating religious values
1. PRISON EDUCATION or belief.
It is the cornerstone of rehabilitation. It is the process or result of formal training in school or
classrooms intended to shape the mind and attitude of prisoners towards good living upon their Function of Chaplain:
release. 1. Conduct communion and confession to inmates,
The first legal recognition of education in prison was in 1847, New York Reformatory. 2. Conduct religious ministry such as preaching the Bible,
3. Conduct private and personal counseling in the form of inmate interview.
4. Other chaplaincy services.
Objective of Prison Education:  
a. To return the prisoner to society with a more wholesome attitude towards living, 4. MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES
b. To conduct themselves as good citizens, Medical and health services includes:
c. To give them knowledge and develop their skills to maintain themselves and their dependents
1. Mental and physical examination
through honest labor.
2. Diagnosis and treatment
3. Immunization
 Classes of Prison Education 4. Sanitary inspections
1. General and Academic Education - the objective of which is to eradicate illiteracy among 5. Participation in training
prisoners. This could be the best contribution of correctional system can offer to society.  
2. Vocational Education - Institutional maintenance works and industrial projects. The purpose 5. RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS
of which is to provide prisoners necessary skills for successful works in a socially acceptable The only program that is conducted during free time schedule.
occupation after their release. Courses may include - Radio Mechanics, Auto Mechanics,
Horticulture, - Shoemaking, Tailoring, Carpentry, Electronics, etc. Objectives:
3. Physical Education – designed for those who have physical disabilities. 1. Mental and Physical Development
2. Help prisoner to become aware of their individual conditions to provide them a method of
2. WORK PROGRAMS improvement.
These are programs conducive to change behavior in morale by training prisoners for a useful 3. Development of cooperative competitions,
occupation. It is purposely to eliminate idleness on the part of prisoners, which may contribute to 4. Arouse the interest of the prisoners in recreational programs.
“Prison stupor”, and it affects the incidence of Prison riot.
Activities may include: Athletics/ sports, music and arts, social games, special activities on
Classification of Prison Work Programs: special events, etc.
1. Educational Assignments - prisoners maybe assigned to either general education, vocational  
or physical education. 6. COUNSELING AND CASEWORK
2. Maintenance Assignment – this assignment involves labor related to care and up keeping of Objectives of Counseling:
the institution properties 1. Immediate solution of specific personal problem,
3. Agricultural and Industrial Assignments 2. Help inmates to increase self-understandingS,
4. Unassignable – Prisoners who are nearly to leave the institution, awaiting transfer, those in
disciplinary status, and those who are chronically ill with mental disabilities are considered Objectives of Casework:
unassignable prisoners. 1. To obtain clear description of social history,
Female prisoners shall be assigned to work on jobs suitable to their age, sex and 2. Solving immediate problems involving family problems or other personal relationship,
physical conditions. Prisoners over 60 years of age may be excused from hard work. 3. Assist inmates towards acceptable solutions,
 4. Support inmates, who are nearly release by giving them guidance or information;
5. Professional assistance to offenders on probation or parole.
MODELS OF CRIMINAL TREATMENT
1. Control Model - It emphasizes prisoner’s obedience to work and education.
2. Responsibility Model - It stresses prisoners’ responsibility for their own action, not
administrative control to assure prescribed behavior.
3. Custodial Model - Based from the assumption that prisoners had been incarcerated for the
protection of society and for the purpose in incapacitation, deterrence and retribution. It
emphasizes maintenance and security and order through the subordination of the prisoner to
the authority of the warden. Discipline is strictly applied in most aspect of behavior.
CHAPTER 6
THE BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY
(BJMP)
Also known as the Jail Bureau, BJMP, an agency under the DILG, was created pursuant to
Section 60, Republic Act No. 6975, which took effect on January 2, 1991. It is mandated to direct,
supervise and control the administration and operation of all district, city and municipal jails
nationwide.
It has the mission to direct, supervise and control the administration and operation of all district,
city and municipal jails to affect a better system of jail management nationwide.
R.A. 9263 - Bureau of Fire Protection and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
Professionalization act of 2004.
OVERVIEW
As one of the five pillars of the Criminal Justice System, the BJMP was created to address
growing concern of jail management and penology problem. Primarily, its clients are detainees
accused before a court who are temporarily confined in such jails while undergoing investigation,
waiting final judgement and those who are serving sentence promulgated by the court 3 years and
below. As provided for under R.A. No. 6975, the Jail Bureau is mandated to take operational and
administrative control over all city, district and municipal jails.
The Bureau has four major areas of rehabilitation program, namely: Livelihood Projects,
Educational and Vocational Training, Recreation and Sports, and Religious/ Spiritual Activities.
These were continuously implemented to eliminate the offenders' pattern of criminal behaviour and to
reform them to become law-abiding and productive citizens.
Although the workplace of the Jail Bureau is confined inside the portals of jail to safeguard
inmates, nonetheless, the Bureau has an inherent function of informing the public of jail operations
and other matters concerning the corrections pillar of the Philippines. Coincidentally, being a new and
growing Bureau, BJMP aims to keep the public abreast of information regarding jail management and
penology.
4. Rehabilitation Model - Security and housekeeping activities are viewed primarily as a
framework for rehabilitative efforts.
5. Reintegration Model - It is linked to the structure and goals of community corrections but
has direct impact of prison operations.
6. Total Institution Model – Erving Goffman coined the term (1961). The place where people
work, play, eat, sleep, and recreate together on a daily basis.
Examples of total institutions:
a. prisons
b. concentration camps
c. summer camps
d. mental hospitals
e. seminaries
HISTORY
On January 2, 1991, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology was created thru Republic Act
6975 as a line Bureau under the Department of Interior and Local Government. The Jail Bureau  is
the upgraded version of its forerunner, the Office of Jail Management and Penology of the defunct
PC/INP last headed by  BRIG GEN Arsenio E. Concepcion.
As mandated by law,  the  BJMP shall operate under the reorganized  Department of  the  Interior 
and  Local Government. 
Starting  from  scratch with  500 personnel in 1991 the BJMP weaned from its mother PC/INP as
a mere component,  to become a full-fledge bureau.  Director Charles S. Mondejar  took his oath of
office on July 1 of   1991 as  the first Chief  of  the Bureau. 
The Bureau of  Jail  Management  and  Penology supervises and controls all district, city and
municipal jails.
Prominent figures later succeeded Director Mondejar after retirement, J/SR SUPT BASILIO G
CAEL (Oct. 31, 1995 to Jan. 2, 1996); J/C SUPT SILAS V LAURIO (Jan. 2, 1996 to July 13, 1997);
J/SR SUPT  JOSUE G ENGANO (July 14, 1997 to June 30, 1998),  P/M GEN AQUILINO G
JACOB JR (July 8, 1998 to March 30, 2001). On March 30, 2001, CSUPT ARTURO W ALIT,
CESO IV took his oath of office as Officer-in-Charge and was given his directorship rank on
December 14, 2003 to May 9, 2006 as Chief of the Bureau. After ALIT, CSUPT ANTONIO CABIL
CRUZ was appointed as Officer-in-Charge on May 9, 2006 to Dec 5, 2006. CSUPT CLARITO
GUIRHEM JOVER, Ph.D. (CESO V) was later appointed OIC on December 18, 2006 to February
20, 2007. DIRECTOR ARMANDO M LLAMASARES, DPA, served the bureau as the Chief on
February 21, 2007 until his retirement on March 05, 2008.
At present, DIRECTOR ROSENDO MORO DIAL, CESO III serves as the Jail Bureau's
Chief.
MISSION AND VISION
MISSION - The Bureau aims to enhance public safety by providing humane safekeeping and
development of inmates in all district, city and municipal jails.
VISION - The BJMP envisions itself as a dynamic institution highly regarded for its sustained 3. Decongestion program
humane safekeeping and development of inmates. 4. Good governance

BJMP Functions CORE VALUES

The Bureau of Corruption is tasked with the following functions: 1. Commitment
a. To confine persons who have been convicted of a criminal offense by the courts to serve 2. Respect for Human Rights
sentence in a penal institution. 3. Efficiency/Competence
b. To provide correctional environment which seeks to protect the physical and emotional well- 4. Teamwork
being of offenders.
c. To provide humane treatment by affording them human basic needs the correctional CORE COMPETENCIES
community and prohibiting cruel methods rehabilitation. 1. Continous skills enhancement of personnel
d. To provide opportunities for rehabilitation programs designed to change the offenders’ 2. Ability to establish linkages and Parnerships
pattern of criminal or anti-social behavior. 3. Responsive Planning
e. To engage in agro-industrial endeavors to develop penal farms into productive profit center 4. Timely decision-making
that employs offender manpower skills and labor and provide a source of income to 5. Expedient implementation
supplement the Bureau’s financial outlet.
f. To perform other functions that maybe directed by the Secretary of Justice of other competent COVERAGE OF SUPERVISION BY THE JAIL BUREAU
authorities. a. City jails
b. Municipal jails
In line with its mission, the Jail Bureau endeavors to perform the following functions: b. District jails
1. Formulate policies and guidelines in the administration of all district, city, and municipal jails Class A Jails - Jails with 100 or more inmates
nationwide; Class B Jails - Jails with 21-99 inmates
2. Implement strong security measures for the control of inmates; Class C Jails - Jails with 1 to 20 inmates
3. Provide for the basic needs of inmates;
4. Conduct activities for the development of inmates; ORGANIZATION AND KEY POSITIONS IN THE BJMP
5. Improve jail facilities; and, The BJMP also referred to as the Jail Bureau, was created pursuant to section 60 to 65, Chapter
6. Promote the general welfare and development of personnel. V, RA No. 6975, and initially consisting of uniformed officers and members of the Jail management
and Penology service as constituted under P.D. no 765.
After twelve (12) years of existence as a separate agency under the DILG, the BJMP still shares RA 9263 provides that the Bureau shall be headed by a Chief who is assisted by two (2) Deputy
its responsibilities with the Philippine National Police (PNP). The involvement, however, of the Chiefs, one (1) for Administration and another for Operations, and one (1) Chief of Directorial Staff,
police in penology and jail management is a temporary arrangement in view of BJMP’s limited all of whom are appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the DILG Secretary from
capacity. among the qualified officers with the rank of at least Senior Superintendent in the BJMP.
The Chief of the BJMP carries the rank of Director and serves a tour of duty that must not exceed
MANDATE four (4) years, unless extended by the President in times of war and other national emergencies.
BJMP is mandated to direct, supervise and control the administration and operation of all Officers who have retired or are within six (6) months from their compulsory retirement age are not
district, city and municipal jails nationwide with pronged tasks of safekeeping and development of qualified to be appointed as Jail Director or designated as BJMP Chief.
inmates. The second officer in command of the BJMP is the Deputy Chief for Administration, the third
officer in command is the Deputy Chief for Operations, and the fourth officer in command is The
MAJOR PROGRAM Chief of the Directorial Staff, all of whom carry the rank of Chief Superintendent. They are assisted
There are four (4) major programs under the mandate of bjmp and they are the following: by the Directors of the Directorates in the National Headquarters who carry the rank of at least Senior
1. Inmates custody,  security and control program Superintendent.
2. Inmates welfare and development program
 The BJMP operates and maintains Regional Offices in each of the administrative regions of the The Regional Director is assisted by an Assistant Regional Director for Administration,
country, headed by a Regional Director for Jail Management and Penology, with the rank of at least Assistant Regional Director for Operations, and Regional Chief of Directorial Staff, who are all
Senior Superintendent. The Regional Director is assisted by an Assistant Regional Director for officers with the rank of at least Superintendent.
Administration, Assistant Regional Director for Operations, and Regional Chief of Directorial Staff,
who are all officers with the rank of at least Superintendent. PROVINCIAL OFFICE
The National Headquarters is the Command and Staff Office of the BJMP, and is composed of Headed by a Provincial Administrator, to oversee the implementation of jail services of all
the Command Group, Directorates and Management Support Staff, namely: district, city and municipal jails within its territorial jurisdiction. The PA should have a rank of
superintendent.
COMMAND GROUP:
1. Chief, BJMP DISTRICT OFFICE
2. Deputy Chief for Administration Where there are large cities and municipalities, a district jail with subordinate jails, headed by a
3. Deputy Chief for Operation District Warden with the rank of Chief Inspector in the Bureau May be established necessary.
4. Chief of Directorial Staff
CITY AND MUNICIPAL OFFICE
DIIRECTORATES In the city and municipal levels, each jail shall be headed by a city or municipal warden,
1. Directorate for Personnel and Records Management respectively with the rank of Chief Inspector in the jail bureau.
2. Directorate for Human Resource Development
3. Directorate for Operations Rank Classification of the BJMP
4. Directorate for Inmates Welfare and Development
5. Directorate for Logistics Commissioned Officers: Non-Commissioned Officers
6. Directorate for Comptrollership Director Senior Jail Officer 4
7. Directorate for Program Development Chief Superintendent Senior Jail Officer 3
8. Directorate for Intelligence Senior Superintendent Senior Jail Officer 2
9. Directorate for Investigation and Prosecution Superintendent Senior Jail Officer 1
Chief Inspector Jail Officer 3
SUPPORT SERVICES Senior Inspector Jail Officer 2
1. Office of Program Management Inspector Jail Officer 1
2. Office of Legal Services
3. Office of General Services APPOINTMENT OF UNIFORMED PERSONNEL TO THE BJMP
4. Office of Accounting Services a. J01 – SJ04 – shall be appointed by the Regional Director for the regional office uniformed
5. Office of Finance Services personnel or by the BJMP Chief for the national headquarters office and attested by the CSC.
6. Office of Supply Accountable Officer b. Inspector – Superintendent - appointed by the Chief BJMP as recommended by their
7. Office of Internal Audit immediate superiors and attested by the CSC.
8. Office of Chaplaincy Services c. Senior Superintendent - appointed by the Secretary of the DILG upon recommendation of
9. Office of Community Relations Services the CBJMP with the proper attestation of the CSC.
10. Office of Information & Communications Tech. Services d. Chief Superintendent - Director – appointed by the President upon recommendation of the
11. Office of Health Services Secretary of the DILG with the proper endorsement of the chairman of the CSC.
12. NESJO
BJMP RECEPTION PROCEDURES
REGIONAL OFFICE As mandated by the BJMP Manual (Rule IV), the Jail Bureau should observe the following
Headed by a Regional Director for Jail Management and Penology, with the rank of at least procedures in receiving/admitting a new inmate.
Senior Superintendent. 1. Identity Check
 2. Examination of Commitment Papers This group take charge of all administrative functions of the jail, keep records of jail
3. Security Check properties, supplies and equipment and maintain personnel records. It also performs such other
4. Accounting of Personal Property functions for the attainment of an efficient jail administration.
5. Turn-over of Personal Property 1. Personnel Management Branch – Responsible for the preparation and maintenance of
6. Inmate Identification personnel procedure, assignment of personnel, preparation of daily personnel report, monthly
7. Strip-Search personnel reports and others. It also maintains individual record files of personnel.
8. Medical Examination 2. Records and Statistics Branch – keeps and maintains an orderly record of booking sheet
9. Psychological and Physical and arrest reports, fingerprint cards, photograph and index cards of inmates confined in jail in
10. Preparation of Medical Record individuals prisoners jacket.
11. Social Case Study 3. Property and Supply Branch – Take charge of the safekeeping of equipment and supplies
12. Provision of Jail Clothing in the requisitioning of supplies and materials needed for the operation of the jail.
13. Briefing & Orientation 4. Budget and Finance Branch – take charge of financial matters especially in programming,
14. Maintenance of Prison Record budgeting, accounting, and other activities related to financial services.
5. Mess Service Branch – take charge of the preparation of the daily menu, makes foodstuff
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES purchases, prepares and cook the food and serves it to the inmates.
WARDEN 6. General Service Branch – Responsible for the maintenance and repair of jail facilities
- He is responsible for the direction, coordination, and control of the personnel, the inmates and equipment. It is also tasked with the cleanliness as well as the beautification of the jail
and the programs of the institution. He is responsible for the safety, security, discipline and the well compound.
being of his men as well as the prisoners and sees to the efficient functioning of the institution. 7. Mittimus Computing Branch – receives court decisions and mittimus and ascertains by
compilation the date of the full completion of service of sentence of each prisoner for his
OPERATING UNITS UNDER THE OFFICE OF THE WARDEN: eventual release from jail. It also prepares transfer orders of inmates to other penal
1. Intelligence and Investigation Team – the team gathers, collects, and submits intelligence institutions.
information to the warden on matters pertaining to jail conditions; plot or plans by the
prisoners that may threaten the safety of personnel and/or disturbed the normal functioning of Mittimus – is a warrant issued by a court directing the jail or prison authorities to receive the
the institutions and those that would lead to the eventual capture of escaped prisoners. It is convicted offender for the service of the sentence imposed therein.
also tasked with the investigation of all reported cases of violation of laws and rules and - A commitment order is deemed valid or in due form when it bears the seal of the court and
regulations thereto. the signature of the issuing judge.
2. Jail Inspectorate Section – This section inspects the jail facilities, the personnel and
prisoners and submits reports of deficiencies noted. It helps the warden in the maintenance of How may a criminal offender be committed in Jail?
discipline, not only of the personnel but the inmates as well. b. by virtue of a commitment order issued by the court which may either be in the forms of a
3. Public Relations Office – this is tasked with the maintenance of good public relations to detention or standard mittimus.
obtain the necessary and adequate support of the public. c. By order of a competent authority
d. By an arresting officer.
ASSISTANT WARDEN
He is the principal assistant of the warden. He keeps himself informed to be able to SECURITY GROUP
assume command effectively during the warden’s temporary absence. - Provides the system of sound custody, security and control of inmates and their movements.
He chairs the Disciplinary Board, he hears cases of erring inmates and recommends the It enforces and maintains inmate’s discipline.
corresponding disciplinary actions thereto. 1. Escort/subpoena Platoon
a. Escort Section – produce inmates under proper guard to the fiscal/s office, courts, etc..
ADMINISTRATIVE GROUPS upon proper summons. It is also tasked with the transfer of prisoners from one institution
to another upon proper orders of the court or authority.
 b. Subpoena Section – receives, distributes and/or serves subpoenas, notices, and order, 2. Administration
summons and other processes directed to inmates confined in jail.
B. Deputy Chief
Subpoena ad testificandum – A command to appear at a certain time and place to give testimony - Shall have the rank of Chief Superintendent in the jail bureau;
upon a certain matter. - A member of the Philippine bar; or
- A holder of relevant Master’s Degree; or
Subpoena duces tecum – a process by which the court, at the instance of a party commands a - A Baccalaureate Degree with at least 9 years’ experience in jail or police work;
witness who has in his possession or control some document or paper that is pertinent to the issues of - He must have an adequate experience in positions of responsibility and leadership of at least
a pending controversy, to produce it in jail. one year for each field in the following:
1.Operations
Distance of guard from inmates during escorts – If escorting a group of inmates, a guard 2.Administration
shall keep a distance of not less than ten (10) paces from his charge. Upon arrival at the destination, 3.ARD/Chief of Staff/Chief of Division, Central office
he shall station himself at a vantage point where all inmates are within sight and can be properly
controlled. C. Assistant Regional Director
-Have the rank of Senior Superintendent;
Escort procedures for court appearance – In escort duties for court hearing, the -Must have undergone the Officer’s Executive career Course or its equivalent;
Superintendent shall provide at least two (2) guards for every inmate. -Must at least be a Bachelor’s Degree holder in law, criminology, psychology, psychiatry, social
work or sociology;
2. Security Platoon - a 3 working platoon shifts responsible for overall security of the jail compound -Must have previously assigned in supervisory position in jail bureau.
including gates, guard posts and towers. They are also responsible for the admitting and releasing
unit. D. Provincial Jail Administrator
- Have the rank of superintendent
REHABILITATION PURPOSES GROUP - This group provides services and assistance to - Must have undergone the Officer’s Executive Career Course or its equivalent; must be a
prisoners and their families to enable them to solve their individual needs and problems arising from bachelor’s degree holder, preferably in law, criminology, psychology, psychiatry, social work
the prisoners’ confinement. or sociology;
1. Medical and Health Services Branch - Have been previously assigned in supervisory position in the jail bureau.
2. Work and Education Therapy Services
3. Socio-cultural Services E. District Jail Warden
4. Chaplain Services
5. Guidance and Counseling Services -Have the rank of Chief Inspector;
6. End of lecture -A bachelor’s degree holder, preferably in law, criminology, psychology, psychiatry, nursing,
social work or sociology;
QUALIFICATIONS OF JAIL OFFICERS ASSIGNED IN KEY POSITIONS IN THE -Must have undergone the Officer’s Advance Course or its equivalent;
BUREAU -Has been assigned in supervisory position in police or jail service.

A. Chief, BJMP F. City and Municipal Jail Warden

-Shall have the rank of director in the jail bureau; - Shall have the rank of Chief Inspector
-He must be a member of the Philippine Bar; or a holder of Master’s Degree in national Security - Must be a bachelor’s degree holder, preferably in law, criminology, psychology, nursing,
Administration or any relevant Master’s Degree; social work or sociology
-He must have an adequate experience in positions of responsibility and leadership of at least one - Has been assigned in supervisory position in the police or jail service.
year in each of the following fields:
1. Operations Composition of Classification Board/Disciplinary Board in Jail
 - Chairman -Assistant Warden 9. Certificate/s of Seminars/Trainings Completed
- Members -Chief, security Officer 10. Marriage Certificate issued by NSO (if married)
-Medical Officer/Public Health Officer
-Jail Chaplain
-Social Worker/ Rehabilitation Officer ADDITIONAL TOPICS FROM BJMP MANUAL REVISED 2007
- Book 1 (Administration)-Chapter I – Overview of The BJMP
Oplan decongestion - Oplan decongestion was formalized through the execution of a memorandum a. Rule I – General Provision – Page 1-2
of agreement on February 12, 1993. Agencies Involved: PAO, BJMP, BPP and NAPROS (Aug. 17, b. Rule II- Organization and Key Position – Page 3-7
1993) c. Rule III- Duties and Responsibilities of key officers and Personnel – Page 8-20

GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT TO JAIL OFFICER 1

No person shall be appointed as uniformed personnel of the BJMP unless he/she possesses the
following minimum qualifications:
1. A Citizen of the Republic of the Philippines; CHAPTER 7
2. A Person of good moral character; INSTITUTIONAL CUSTODY, SECURITY AND CONTROL
3. Must have passed the nuero-psychiatric evaluation, medical examination and drug test for the
purpose of determining his/her physical and mental health; I. DIVERSIFICATION: Concept and Importance
4. Must possess a baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution of learning; Diversification is an administrative device of correctional institutions of providing varied
5. Must possess the appropriate civil service eligibility; and flexible types of physical plants for the more effective custody, security and control of the
6. Must not have been dishonorably disharged of dismissal for cause from previous treatment programs or its diversified population.
employment; Diversification is the principle of separating homogenous type of prisoners that requires
7. Must not have been convicted by final judgement of an offense or crime involving moral special treatment and custody. Separation can be done through proper classification of inmates.
turpitude;
8. Must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty (30) years of age. Provided, that a FACTORS CONSIDERED IN DIVERSIFICATION
waiver for age requirement shall be automatically granted to applicants belonging to the 1. Age – prisoners who are 18 years old and below should be segregated from the older groups
cultural communities; to prevent the youthful offenders from becoming hardened criminals.
9. Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62m) in height for male, and one 2. Sex – females and males are separated in separate institutions.
meter and fifty-seven centimeters (1.57m) for female: provided that a waiver for height 3. Medical or mental conditions – mentally ill, sexual deviates, physically handicapped and
requirement shall be granted to applicants belonging to the cultural communities; and hospital patients need to be segregated from the prison population because each group needs
10. Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms (5kgs) from the standard weight special kind of treatment.
corresponding to his/her height, age and sex. 4. Degree of custody - is the most used factor for diversification that is the extent of strict
keeping necessary for the person in confinement.
REQUIREMENTS FOR JO1 APPLICANTS
1. Duly Accomplished Personal Data Sheet (revised 2005) II. THE CLASSIFICATION PROCESS
2. Original Transcript of Records
3. Original College Diploma Classification
4. Birth Certificate issued by NSO Is a method by which diagnosis, treatment planning and execution of the treatment programs
5. Original Certificate of Eligibility or Board Rating (Civil Service Professional, RA 1080,  are coordinated in the individual case study.
Penology Officer & PD 907)
6. Valid Clearances (i.e. NBI, Police, Barangay, MTC, RTC & Prosecutor's Ofc) Classification
7. Valid Community Tax Certificate It is a process of determining the needs and requirement of prisoners for assigning them to
8. Certificate/s of Previous & Present Employment programs according to their needs and existing resources.
 4. Control - it involves supervision of prisoners to insure punctual and orderly movement to
FOUR SEPARATE BUT COORDINATED CLASSIFICATION PROCEDURES and from one place of work or assignment to another.
1. Diagnosis - Prisoner’s case history is taken and his personality studied by the RDC staff. 5. Control Center - is centrally located and elevated facility with good fields of observation,
2. Treatment Planning - This is the formulation of the tentative treatment programs best suited this is manned around the clock.
to the needs and interest of an individual prisoner, based on the findings of the RDC’s staff.
3. Execution of the Treatment Programs- this is the application of the treatment program and AIMS OF INSTITUTIONAL SECURITY AND CONTROL
policies by the classification committee. 1. Prevention of Escapes
4. Re-classification - the treatment program is kept current with the inmates changing needs 2. Control of contrabands
and with new analysis, based on any information not available at the time of the initial 3. Maintenance of good order
classification committee meeting of the inmate’s case, which continues from the time of the
first classification until the inmate is released. CONTRABAND - is anything that is contrary to prison or jail rules or regulations.

CLASSIFICATION BOARD OPERATION GREYHOUND - operation conducted by the BJMP wherein a prisoner may be
Every prison shall have a Classification Board that shall classify inmates accordingly or checked at any time. his beddings, lockers and personal belongings may also be opened at any time,
determine the work assignment, type of supervision and custody which will be applied to the in his presence wherever possible.
prisoners.
Chairman…………Superintendent SECURITY RULES AND REGULATIONS
Vice-chairman……Chief, RDC 1. Strict control of firearms.
Members…………. Medical Officer 2. 24 hours supervision of prisoners at least 4 times head count in each 24 hours period.
Chief, Education Section 3. Maintain a system of key control. Never allow a prisoner to handle keys or study them
Chief, Agro-Industries Section 4. Secure firearms and anti-riot equipment in the armory.
Secretary…………Chief Overseer 5. Supervision of proper use of tools and other potentially dangerous articles.
6. Conduct frequent inspections of security facilities.
The Classification Board for Jails 7. Conduct frequent surprise quarter’s inspection.
Chairman – Assistant warden 8. Develop emergency plans for emergencies
Members: Chief security officer 9. Never open or enter the inmate’s quarter alone.
Medical officer 10. Exercise authority, supervision, and control over prisoner.
Chaplain
Social Worker CUSTODY - Defined as guarding or penal safekeeping. It involves security measures, locking,
counting routines, procedures for searching prisoners and their living quarters, and prevention of
III. INSTITUTIONAL SECURITY, CUSTODY AND CONTROL contraband to insure security and control within the prison.
CONTROL - It involves supervision of prisoners to insure punctual and orderly movement to and
1. Security - involves safety measures to maintain orderliness and discipline with in the jail or from the dormitories, places of work, church, hospitals, and recreational facilities in accordance with
prison the daily schedule.
2. Prison Discipline - the state of good order and behavior in prison. It includes maintenance of
good standards of works, sanitation, safety, education, health and recreation. PRISON CUSTODIAL DIVISION
3. Prevention Discipline – Involves prompt correction of minor deviations before they become The Prison custodial Division is in charge of all matters pertaining to the custody of the
serious violations, which may be dealt with a reprimand or warning and is used when the prisoners and security of the institution.
deviation is:
a. Trivial COMPOSITION OF THE PRISON CUSTODIAL DIVISION
b. Due to ignorance or lack of understanding; or Headed by:
c. The result of careless or faulty habits. - Chief Security Officer - Usually with the rank of Inspector to Senior Inspector
Assisted by:
1. Security officers - are assigned as commanding officers of the three shifts of guards and the
escort company or the platoon.
2. Supervising prison Guards- take charge of a big group of guard details or several posts
within the perimeter of the institution.
3. Senior Prison guards- take charge of a squad or group of guards in work detail or escort
guards assigned to important post such as the control gates.
4. Prison guards - Lowest in rank and assigned to man the sentinel posts, guard houses and
gates.
FUNCTIONS OF THE CUSTODIAL DIVISION:
1. Supervision of prisoners
2. Maintain order and discipline
3. Inspections and security
4. Escort5. Keep records
IV. OPERATIONAL PLANS IN JAILS OR PRISONS (Security and Control)
A. Emergency Plans
1. Fire crews should be organized, consisting of trained personnel, to man available resources
for emergency situation such as fire incidents.
2. The fire crew shall immediately respond to the scene to put off the fire while other personnel
shall station themselves according to emergency plans of the jail or prison.
3. Special group of inmates may be selected to form another group and should be separately
housed in close proximity to the fire truck and other equipment, they should be issued
uniforms different from ordinary inmates so that they can be checked and identified easily if
it becomes necessary to go outside the main compound.
4. The jail personnel not assigned with the fire crew shall be given specific assignments on what
to do in case of fire or conflagration.
2. In case of fire, at the first sign of the fire, the control center shall immediately sound a pre-
arranged alarm. At the same time crews shall immediately call the fire department or police
headquarters and other units that could help in putting out the fire and or evacuation of
prisoners.
3. The desk officer or the officer in charge of the keys of the storage place of firefighting
equipment, emergency gates and other gates of the different brigades should distribute the
keys to the responsible personnel concerned.
4. All inmates should be required to help in the putting out of the fire using the water in drums
and cans, the firefighting equipment and fire extinguishers and such other thing readily
available.
5. Government’s record shall be evacuated to a safe place according to priority and should be
under proper guards.
6. If it is necessary to evacuate inmate population, they should be evacuated in an orderly
manner using close vans and other vehicles or by any other means to pre-arranged buildings
or detention centers for their safe and temporary confinement.
7. First aid shall be administered to injured inmates, an institutional wide count of inmates
should be made, and security check shall immediately follow.
A. Plans in Case of Jailbreaks and Escapes
1. When a jailbreak, escape or riot is in progress or has just been perpetrated, the officer at the
control center shall immediately sound the alarm.
2. At the first sound of the alarm, all prisoners shall be locked in their respective cells while
those on work details shall march on orderly manner to their cells.
3. All jail personnel, custodial or non-custodial, shall make themselves available for emergency
deployment. The desk officer shall issue firearms to members of the custodial force who shall
be immediately dispatched to strategic post according to plans.
4. Personnel assigned to essential maintenance posts such as the powerhouse, kitchen, hospitals,
fire station, may be required to help in the counting of inmates.
5. A simultaneous institution wide count shall be made to determine the number of inmates who
escaped and their identity.
6. If the identities of the escapees have been established, their names and other personal
circumstances shall immediately flash to all units of the district, station or sub-station, and the
police headquarters shall be notified.
7. Radio stations, TV stations and other news media shall also be notified for public information
in order to gain possible help in capturing the fugitives.
8. Recovery teams shall be formed to proceed to all possible hideouts, residence and houses of
relatives and friends for immediate capture.
9. In case of mass jailbreak, all members of the custodial force shall be immediately issued
firearm and assigned to critical posts to plug off the escapee’s route.
10. If any officer or member shall be held as hostage, reasonable caution to ensure the safety of
the hostage. It is better to give into the demands of the jail breakers if possible than to place
the lives of the personnel in jeopardy.
8. If the warden is taken as the hostage, for all intents and purposes, he ceases to exercise
authority and the next in command or the most senior officer present shall assume the
command.
9. If there are no hostages and the prisoners who are still inside the jail compound continue to
defy orders given by the prison authorities, the basic plans for riots or disturbances shall be
made.
10. When information is received that escapees are in a certain area, it is well to maintain groups
in that area to apply continuous pressure in order to force the escapees in movements.
C. Plans for Violent Disturbances and Riots
1. Lock inmates to proper quarters.
2. If during visitors’ period, all visitors shall be immediately ushered out for safety.
 3. All members of the security group shall be available for necessary actions.
4. Control center and communication lines for emergency calls shall be checked for readiness.
5. Armorer should make immediate preparation for anti-riot equipment.
6. Custodial force are grouped into three teams namely:
a. 1st Group – they composed the initial anti-riot assault team. Their objective is to
disperse the rioters and get their leaders.
b. 2nd Group – they serve as the backup force for the first group, for this purpose they
are equipped with tear gas and gas grenades.
c. 3rd Group – composed of guards trained on proper handling and use of firearms.
They shall be ready to fire when the lives of the guards are in peril or on order of the
officer in command.
7. After the riot or disturbance, the following post riots procedures shall be followed:
a. Administer first aid to the injured
b. Have institution count made
d. Segregate ringleaders and agitators
e. Check security of the institution
a. Conduct a thorough investigation of the incident
b. Repair damages
c. Adopt effective measures to prevent repetition of similar incidents
d. Submit report to concerned authorities.
D. PLANS FOR EMERGENCY IN PRISON
Procedures in dealing with riots or disturbances
a. At the sound of the first alarm, all inmates shall be locked up inside their respective
cells/quarters. Inmate work crew shall immediately return to the prison compound or
previously designated areas for accounting and confinement after a head.
b. If the disturbance occurs during visiting hours, all visitors shall immediately have ushered out
of prison compound or if this is not possible, brought to a pre-determined area inside said
compound.
c. In the latter case, the visitors shall not be allowed to leave the said area or the compound until
disturbance has ceased and the inmates have been properly identified.
d. At the same time, all guards who are not on duty shall be directed to immediately report to
the desk officer. All critical posts shall be manned to prevent escapes. The most senior guard
present shall take command of the custodial force and make assessment of the situation.
e. All telephone calls to and from the prison compound shall be controlled
f. Based on the assessment of the prevailing condition by the OIC, he may deploy the guards in
the following groups:
1. 1st Group – the initial wave of anti-riot contingent whose purpose is to disperse rioters.
They are armed with wicker shields, headgears, gas masks and batons.
2. 2nd Group – equipped with teargas guns and gas grenades.
3. 3rd Group – trained in proper handling and use of firearms.
After the riot, the following procedure shall be followed:
1.Conduct head count
2.Segregate ringleaders and agitators
3.Assess and determine the damage to the facilities
4.Investigate the cause of the riot
5.Repair damages
6.Adopt measures to prevent similar incident
7.Administer first aid to the injured
8.Submit a report of the incident to the secretary
CHAPTER 8
DISCIPLINARY BOARD IN JAILS AND
MANNER OF RELEASING PRISONERS
I. THE DISCIPLINARY BOARD FOR JAILS
It is organized and maintained for the purpose of hearing disciplinary cases involving
violation of jail rules or regulations by the inmates.
The Disciplinary Board has the authority to impose disciplinary punishments such as:
a. Reprimand
b. Temporary or permanent cancellation of some or all privileges (visiting privileges,
recreational privileges and other privileges)
c. Extra-fatigue duty or assignment to a disciplinary squad for manual labor
d. Close confinement in a cell which shall not exceed 7 days in any calendar month.
This punishment shall be imposed only in the case of incorrigible inmate when other
disciplinary measures are proven ineffective.
e. Transfer to other penal institutions
f. Partial or full forfeiture of good conduct time allowance to be earned for that month
and subsequent month depending upon the gravity of the offense.
Note: instrument of restraint such as handcuffs, leg iron and strait jacket are not to be applied as
a form of punishment. They shall only be used as a precaution against escape or on the ground of
medical precautions to prevent the offender from injuring himself or others.
 
* Breaches of Discipline must be handled without anger or emotionalism and decisions must
be executed firmly and justly.
Types of report that may initiate Disciplinary Action
 
 1. Behavior Report – reports that includes both bad attitude as well as exceptionally good work
habits. This is intended to call the attention of the inmates’ acts such as lack of self-control.
2. Misconduct Report – it carries every violation of laws or rules. Every case shall include an
investigation and heard by the Board.
Composition of the Disciplinary Board
Chairman - Assistant Warden
Members - Chief Security officer
- Medical/Health officer
- Jail chaplain
- Social Worker or the Rehabilitation Officer
Note: if the above composition is not feasible because of personnel limitations, the jail warden may
perform the function as the Board Summary Hearing Officer.
Duties and Functions of the Disciplinary Board
The Warden tasks the Board to investigate the facts regarding the alleged misconduct referred
to it. It holds sessions as often as necessary in a room that may be provided for the purpose. All cases
referred to it must be heard and decided within 48 hours from the date of the receipt of the case.
Limitations of Punishments Imposed to Offenders
The General Rule is “Every violation of jail/prison discipline shall be dealt with accordingly.
In extreme cases, where the violations necessitate immediate action, the warden or the Officer of the
Day may administer the necessary restraints and reports the action taken to the Disciplinary Board.”
Procedures in the Hearing of Disciplinary Cases
1. The aggrieved inmate informs or notifies any member of the custodial force of the violation.
The latter, in return officially reports the matter to the desk officer.
3. The desk officer simultaneously informs the jail warden and immediately initiates the
investigation. He then submits his reports to the warden together with his recommendations.
4. The Warden evaluates the reports and if he believes that there is no sufficient evidence to
support the alleged violation, he may dismiss the case. If he believes that there exists
sufficient evidence, he shall decide the case and impose the necessary penalty in case of
minor violations.
5. If the case is less grave or grave, he shall endorse it to the Board for hearing or decides it
himself as a summary officer if there is no Disciplinary Board.
6. The prisoner shall be confronted of the reported violation and asked how he pleads to the
charge. If he admits the violation or pleads guilty, the Board shall impose the corresponding
punishment.
7. If the prisoner denies the charge, the hearing shall commence with the presentation of
evidence and other witnesses by the Desk Officer. The prisoner shall then be given the
opportunity to defend himself by his own testimony and other evidences to prove his
innocence.
8. After the hearing, the Board shall decide the case based on the merits.
9. Whether the prisoner is found guilty or not, he should be advised to obey the rules and
regulations strictly and should be reminded that good behavior is indispensable for his early
release and/or the granting of privilege.
10. Decisions of the Board or the Summary Hearing Officers are subject to review or approval by
the Warden. The offender may request a review of the findings of the Board or summary
Hearing Officer and the appropriateness of the penalty to the Central Office of the BJMP
whose decision shall be final.
Under section 3, par. D, Rule XIV of the BJMP Manual states the limitations of punishments imposed
to offenders as:
1. No female offender shall be subjected to any disciplinary punishment that may affect her
unborn or nursing child.
2. No handicapped offender shall be made to suffer a punishment that might affect his health or
physical well-being.
3. Corporal punishment, confinement in dark, ill-ventilated cells and any other form of cruel,
unusual, inhumane or degrading punishment are absolutely prohibited.
4. Whenever the penalty of extra-fatigue duty or solitary confinement imposed affect the health
of the offender, medical examination shall be conducted to determine his physical fitness to
serve his punishment.
5.  The jail physician shall visit the inmate undergoing punishment when necessary and shall
advise the warden if he recommends the termination of the punishment on grounds of
physical and mental health.
II. PUNISHABLE ACTS IN JAILS
A. Minor Offenses
1. Selling or bartering with fellow inmates of items not classified as contrabands;
2. Rendering personal services to fellow inmates
3. Untidy or dirty in his personal appearance
4. Littering or failing to maintain cleanliness and orderliness in his quarters and/or surroundings.
5. Making frivolous or groundless complaints
6. Reporting complaints on behalf of other prisoners
7. Late in formation or duty without justifiable reasons; and
8. Willful waste of food.
B. Less Grave Offenses
1. Failure to report for work detail without sufficient justification.
2. Failure to render assistance to an injured personnel or inmate
3. Failure to assist in putting out of fires inside the jail.
 4. Acting boisterously during religious, social and other group functions
5. Swearing, cursing or using profane or defamatory language, directed personally towards other
persons
6. Malingering or reporting for sick call to escape work assignment
7. Spreading rumors or maliciously intriguing against the honor of any persons particularly
members of the custodial force.
8. Failing to stand at attention and give due respect when confronted by or reporting to any
officer or member of the custodial force
9. Forcing fellow inmates to render personal services
10. Exchanging uniform or wearing clothes other than those issued to him for the purpose of
circumventing jail rules
11. Loitering or being in an unauthorized place
12. Using the telephone without authority from the desk officer
13. Vandalism
14. Withholding information which is inimical and prejudicial to the jail administration
15. Possession of lewd or pornographic materials
16. Absence from cell or brigade or place of work during headcount, or at any time without
justifiable reasons
17. Failing to turn over any articles issued after the work detail
18. Committing any acts prejudicial to or which is necessary to good order and discipline.
C. Grave Offenses
1. making untruthful statement or lies in an official communication, transaction, or investigation
2. keeping or concealing keys or locks of places in the jail where it is off-limits to prisoners
3. giving gifts, selling to, or bartering with jail personnel
4. keeping in his possession money, jewelry, or other contrabands which the rules prohibit
5. tattooing or allowing himself to be tattooed on any part of the body, or keeping any
paraphernalia to be used in tattooing
6. Forcibly taking or extracting money from fellow inmates or from visitors
7. punishing or inflicting injury or harm upon himself or other inmates
8. receiving, keeping and taking or imbibing liquor or other prohibited drugs
9. making, improvising or keeping any kind of deadly weapons
10. concealing or withholding information on plans of attempted escapes
11. unruly conduct and behavior and flagrant disregard of discipline and instructions
12. escaping, attempting to or planning to escape from the institution or from any guard.
13. Helping, aiding or abetting others to escape
14. Fighting, causing any disturbance or particularly participating therein and/or agitating to
cause such disturbance or riot
15. Indecent, immoral or lascivious acts by himself or others and/or allowing to be the subject of
such indecent, immoral or lascivious acts.
16. Acts and disrespectful manner towards any officer or member of the custodial force
17. Willful disobedience to a lawful order issued by an officer or member of the custodial force
19. Assaulting any officer or member of the custodial force
20. Damaging any government property or equipment issued to the inmates
21. Participating in any kangaroo court, an unauthorized or irregular court conducted with
disregard for or perversion of legal procedures as a mock court by inmates in jail/prison.
22. Affiliating oneself to any gang or faction whose main purpose is to foment regionalism or to
segregate themselves from others.
23. Failing to inform the authorities concerned when afflicted with any communicable disease,
like VD, etc..
24. Engage in gambling or any game of chance
25. Committing any act which is in violation of any law or ordinance, in which case, he shall
separately be prosecuted criminally in accordance with law.
PROHIBITED ACTS IN PRISON
1. Participating in illegal sexual acts or placing himself in situations or behavior that will
encourage the commission of illegal sexual acts;
2. Openly or publicly displaying photographs, pictures, drawings, or other pictorial
representations of persons engaged in sexual acts, actual or simulated, masturbation,
excretory functions or lewd or obscene exhibitions of the genitals;
3. Possessing articles which pose a threat to prison security or to the safety and well being of the
inmates and staff;
4. Giving gifts, selling or engaging in barter with prison personnel;
5. Maligning or insulting any religious belief or group;
6. Rendering personal services to or requiring personal services from a fellow inmate;
7. Gambling, etc.
PUNISHMENT IMPOSED IN DISCIPLINARY CASES
1. Solitary confinement – applicable in extreme case specially when there is danger that the
prisoner may hurt himself or others.
2. Locking in his cell with loss of yard privileges
3. Loss of privileges such as visiting, correspondence and other privileges
4. Transfer to another institution
5. Assignment to a disciplinary squad for manual labor
6. Counsel and reprimand – imposed in trivial cases
7. Loss of Good Conduct Time Allowance
III. TREATMENT OF SPECIAL OFFENDERS
Special offenders include women offenders, drug addicts, alcoholics, mentally ill persons and
sex deviates, escape prone prisoner, suicide risk prisoners, the handicapped, aged and infirmed, youth
offenders and alien inmates
Under Rule 5 of the BJMP manual, it states that unusual offenders should not be held in
jails or prison with the common jail/prison population. They should be segregated in other institutions
as their temporary detention houses. However special methods of treatment shall be made such as the
following:
A. Female Offenders:
8. The women’s quarter should be fully separated from the men’s quarters and no men shall be
allowed to enter the women’s quarter.
9. Female jail staff members must do all handling and supervision of female prisoners.
10. Only works suitable to their sex, age, and physical conditions should be assigned to them.
B. Drug Addicts
9. Segregate addicts from other inmates especially during the withdrawal period.
10. Maintain close supervision to prevent attempts to commit suicide or prevent him from
harming his self.
11. No sedatives/stimulants shall be prescribed or administered except by a physician.
12. Follow strictly the jail physician advice regarding diet and other treatment measures during
the withdrawal period.
13. Prompt search of the addict’s quarters should be conducted and constant alertness to prevent
the smuggling of narcotics and other dangerous drugs shall be maintained.
C. Alcoholics
2. Place the alcoholic in a comfortable quarter separate from the other prisoners and maintain
close supervision to guard against suicide attempts
3. Report to the jail physician any symptoms of abnormal behavior
4. Maintain close supervision to guard against the smuggling of liquor and other intoxicating
drinks or products containing alcohol.
D. Mentally Ill
1. The mentally ill should be under the close supervision of the jail physician.
2. Place the mentally ill in individual cells, and provide special restraint rooms for violent cases.
3. Maintain close supervision to guard against suicide attempts or violent attacks on others
4. Cause their immediate transfer to mental institution for proper psychiatric treatment.
E. Sex Deviates
1. The homosexual should be segregated immediately to prevent them from influencing other
inmates to abnormal behavior
2. The other sex deviates, likewise, should be separated from the other inmates for closer
supervision and control.
F. Escape-prone prisoners
1. They should be held in the most secured quarters, preferably in single cells.
2. Supervise their conduct closely and observe their actuation during and after visiting hours.
3. Search their quarters frequently and subject them to frequent strip searches.
4. Special attention should be given to the examination of their mail
5. Restrict the telephone calls and allow them to use the telephone only6 if monitors on an
extension.
G. Suicide-risks prisoner
1. they should be given close and constant supervision
2. They should be subjected to frequent strip search.
H. the Handicapped, Aged and Infirmed
3. the handicapped should be housed separately and closely supervised to protect them from
maltreatment by other prisoners.
2. Special treatment should be given to these prisoners who shall be required to work only in
accordance with their physical capabilities for their own upkeep, and for the sanitation of
their quarters and surroundings.
I. The Youth Offenders:
In the arrest/detention of a youthful offender, the following shall be observed:
a. Immediately after the apprehension and booking, the arresting unit concerned shall take him
to the city or municipal health or proper medical health officer for a thorough physical and
mental examination.
b. A youth offender held for physical and mental examination during trial or pending appeal, if
unable to furnish bail, shall, from the time for his arrest, be committed to the care of:
1. The DSWD thru its local office or representative in the community;
2. The local rehabilitation center;
3. A detention home in the province or city, which shall be responsible for his
appearance in court whenever required. Provided, that in the absence of any such
center or agency, the city and/or municipal jail shall provide quarters for youth
offenders separate from other detainees.
c. Whenever it is for the best interest of the community and the effective rehabilitation of the
youth offender, considering the age, immaturity, gravity of the offense, situation of the
offender and other circumstances, the BJMP unit, in coordination with DSWD and the city or
provincial fiscal, may recommend to the court concerned the release of the youth offender on
recognizance, to the custody of his parents or other suitable person who shall be responsible
for his appearance whenever required; and
d. The foregoing procedure pertains merely to the custody, detention, and rehabilitation of youth
offenders. Consequently, the usual course of investigation of his case until its filing with the
proper court should be pursued by the arresting elements concerned.
J. Alien Inmates
- The Warden shall notify the Commission on Immigration of the receipt of an alien prisoner
stating -
1. the name of the inmate
 3. the place of confinement (name of jail) 7. The released inmate shall be issued a Certificate of Discharge from jail by the Warden or
4. his nationality and the number of his alien Certificate of Registration jailer.
5. the offense committed; and
6. the court imposing the sentence. RELEASE ORDER
- shall bear the full name of the inmate, the crime charged, the number of the case, and such
other details as will enable the releasing officer to properly identify the inmate to be released.
ALTERNATIVES TO JAIL CONFINEMENT
1. segregation of special offenders to other institutions Who may authorize release – The following are authorized to order or approve the release of
2. payment of fines inmates:
3. extensive use of probation a. Supreme Court or lower courts, in cases of acquittal or grant of bail;
4. bail b. President of the Philippines, in cases of executive clemency or amnesty;
5. diversification c. Board of Pardons and Parole, in parole cases; and
6. delayed sentence d. Director, upon the expiration of sentence of the inmate.

PRE-RELEASE TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS
It is a program specifically designed and given to a prisoner, during a limited period, prior to
his release from prison, in order to give him an opportunity to adjust himself from the regimented
group life in prison to the normal life of a free individual.
IV. MANNER OF RELEASING PRISONERS
1. A prisoner may be released by:
7. Service of sentence;
8. Order of the court
9. Parole
10. Pardon
11. Amnesty
12. Any lawful order of competent authority
2. If feasible, an inmate shall be notified of his release at least one week before the date of such
discharge
3. Before an inmate is released, he shall be properly identified to ensure that he is the same
person received and to be released. His marks and fingerprints shall be verified with those
taken when he was received.
4. No inmate shall be released on a mere verbal order or telephone. The release of an inmate by
reason of acquittal, dismissal of case, payment of fines and/or indemnity, or filing of bond,
shall only be given effect upon receipt of the Release Order.
5. An inmate shall be released promptly and without unreasonable delay. However, before
the release of the inmate who is suffering from contagious disease and who cannot defray the
expenses for his treatment, the warden concerned shall take the necessary steps to assist him
in securing accommodation in an appropriate government institution for follow-up treatment.
6. Under proper receipt, all money earned and other valuables held in trust when first admitted,
shall be returned to the inmate upon release
SEPARATION AND PLACEMENT CENTER- An inmate shall, thirty (30) days before his
scheduled date of release, be transferred to the Separation and Placement Center to prepare him for
re-entry into free society
PRE-RELEASE SEMINAR – All inmates eligible for release shall undergo a one-day seminar in
preparation for his life outside prison.
LEAVES FROM JAIL
Leaves from jail shall be allowed only on very meritorious cases, like the following:
1. Death or serious illness of spouse, father, mother, brother or sister, or children.
The inmate is allowed to view the remains of a deceased relative only if the remains are
within a 30-kilometer radius by road from the confinement facility and the actual stay of the
inmate to view the remains should not exceed three (3) hours.
2. Inmates who are seriously ill/injured may be given leave for hospitalization or medical
attendance under proper escort. However, leaves of detention prisoners shall require prior
approval of the courts having jurisdiction over them; provided, however, that in cases of life
and death, the Warden, on his own discretion, may allow an inmate’s hospitalization/medical
treatment.
CHAPTER 9
LAWS AND DECREES USUALLY AVAILED
TO DECONGEST JAILS AND CRIMES INVOLVING CONVICTS
I. PENAL PROVISIONS ON CORRECTION
 1. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 968, As amended, known as the adult Probation Law,
grants probation to prisoners sentenced to prison terms of not more than six years and one
day.
2. ACT NO. 4103, As amended, creating the Board of Pardons and Parole tasked to look into
the physical, mental and moral record of prisoners to determine who shall be eligible for
parole or conditional pardon.
3. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 603 (Amended by RA 9344) -known as the child and
youth welfare code, suspends sentence of minor offenders whose ages range from nine (9)
years to under eighteen (18) years and place them in rehabilitation centers under the
supervision of the DSWD before they are released to the custody of their parents or to any
responsible person;
4. Section 6, RA 9344 - Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility
a. A child fifteen (15) years of age or under at the time of the commission of the offense
shall be exempt from criminal liability.
b. A child above fifteen (15) years but below eighteen (18) years of age shall likewise
be exempt from criminal liability and be subjected to an intervention program, unless
he/she has acted with discernment, in which case, such child shall be subjected to the
appropriate proceedings in accordance with this Act.
b. The exemption from criminal liability herein established does not include exemption
from civil liability, which shall be enforced in accordance with existing laws.
5. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6036 -known as the release on recognizance law, provides for the
release of offenders charged with an offense whose penalty is not more than six (6) months
and/or a fine of Two Thousand pesos (2,000) or both, to the custody of a responsible person
in the community, instead of a bail bond;
6. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6127, - Fully deducts the period of the offenders’ preventive
detention from the sentence imposed by the courts;
7.  BATAS PAMBANSA BILANG 85 - Authorizes the release of a detainee who has
undergone preventive imprisonment equivalent to the maximum imposable sentence for the
offense he is charged with.
8. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10592 AMENDED ARTICLE 96 OF THE REVISED PENAL
CODE - Provides that in meritorious cases, the commutation of the prisoner’s sentence
through presidential action shall be upon the recommendation of the court which imposed the
same; and ARTICLE 97, which provides that a prisoner shall be entitled to a deduction from
his prison term for good conduct;
9. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 6- which directs all
wardens or anyone in-charge of local jails to affect the immediate transfer of national
prisoners to the Bureau of corrections.
PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION OF 1987
- The state values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human
rights.(Sec 11, Art. II)
- No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations.(Sec 18
(1), Art. III)
- No voluntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof the
party shall have been fully convicted. (Sec 18 (2), Ibid.)
- Excessive fines shall not be composed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted.
x x x (Sec. 19 (2). Ibid.)
- The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any prisoner or
the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be dealt
by law.(Sec 19 (2), Ibid.)
REVISED PENAL CODE
- “No felony shall be punishable by any penalty not prescribed by law prior to its commission”.
(Art. 21, RPC)
PHILIPPINE PROBATION LAW (P.D. NO. 968)
- One of the major goals of the government is to established a more enlightened and humane
correctional system that will promote the reformation of offenders and thereby reduce the
incidence of recidivism.
- The confinement of all offenders in prisons and other institutions with rehabilitation
programs constitutes a onerous drain on the financial resources of the country.
- There is a need to provide a less costly alternative to the imprisonment of the offenders who
are likely to respond to individualized, community-based treatment programs.
RA 7659 – Reimposition of death penalty on heinous crimes
RA 8177 – designating death by lethal injection as the method of carrying out death penalty
RA 9346 – An Act Prohibiting the imposition of death penalty in the Philippines.
Note: The Laws RA 7659 and RA 8177 are no longer applicable today, because death was
already abolished in the 2006 by virtue of RA 0346
II. CRIMES INVOLVING CONVICTS
1. Delay in the Delivery of detained Persons to the Proper Judicial Authorities (Art. 125, RPC) A
felony committed by a public officer or employee who shall detain any person for some legal ground
and shall fail to deliver such person to the proper judicial authorities with in the period of:
12 hours – for crimes or offenses punishable by light penalties;
18 hours – for crimes or offenses punishable by correctional offenses;
36 hours – for crimes or offenses punishable by afflictive or capital penalties.
The crime of arbitrary detention is committed when the detention of a person is without legal
ground. The legal grounds of detention are:
1. commission of a crime
2. violent insanity or other ailment requiring compulsory confinement.
Delaying Release - This is committed by a public officer or employee who delays for the period
specified in Art. 125 the performance of any legal judicial or executive order for the release of a
prisoner or unduly delays the services of the notice of such order to said prisoner.
2. Delivery of Prisoners from Jail (Art. 156, RPC)
Elements:
1. the offender is a private individual
2. he removes a person confined in jail or a penal institution or helps in the escape of such
person
3. The means employed are violence, intimidation, bribery or any other means.
If the offender is a public officer or a private person who has the custody of the prisoner and
who helps a prisoner under his custody to escape, the felony is CONNIVING WITH OR
CONSENTING TO EVASION (Art. 223) and ESCAPE OF A PRISONER UNDER THE
CUSTODY OF A PERSON NOT A PUBLIC OFFICER (Art. 225)
Note: This offense like other offenses of similar nature may be committed through
imprudence or negligence.
3. Evasion of Service of Sentence (Art. 157-159, RPC)
Evasion of Service under Art 157:
Elements:
1. Offender is a prisoner serving sentence involving deprivation of liberty by reason of final
judgment,
2. He evades the service of his sentence during the term of his imprisonment.
4. Evasion of Service of Sentence on the Occasion of Disorders due to conflagration,
Earthquakes, or Other Calamities (Art. 158, RPC)
Elements:
1. Offender is a prisoner serving sentence and is confined in a penal institution;
2. He evades his sentence by leaving the institution;
3. He escapes on the occasion of a disorder due to conflagration, earthquake, explosion, or
similar catastrophe or mutiny in which he has not participated; and
4. He fails to give himself up to the authorities within 48 hours following the issuance of a
proclamation by the Chief Executive regarding the passing away of the calamity.
INFIDELITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS
1. Infidelity in the custody of Prisoners through Connivance (Art. 223, RPC) - A felony
committed by any public officer who shall consent to the escape of a prisoner in his custody
or charge.
2. Infidelity in the custody of Prisoners through Negligence (Art. 224)- A felony committed
by a public officer when the prisoner under his custody or charge escaped through negligence
on his part.
3. Escape of a prisoner under the custody of a person not a Public Officer. (Art. 225)
Other Offenses or Irregularities by Public Officers
1. Maltreatment of Prisoner (Art. 235, RPC)
Elements:
1. Offender is a public officer or employee
2. he overdoes himself in the correction or handling of such prisoner by imposition of
punishment not authorized by regulation or by inflicting such punishment in a cruel or
humiliating manner.
The felony of physical injuries is committed if the accused does not have the charge of a
detained prisoner and he maltreats him. And if the purpose is to extort a confession, grave coercion is
committed.
Good conduct time Allowance (GCTA)
Good conduct time allowance is a privilege granted to a prisoner that shall entitle him to a
deduction of his term of imprisonment.
Under Republic Act No. 10592, the good conduct of any prisoner in any penal institution
shall entitle him to the following deduction from the period of his sentence:
1. During the first two years of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a deduction of 20 days for
each month of good behavior.
2. During the third to the fifth years of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a deduction of 23
days each month of good behavior.
3. During the following years until the tenth years of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a
deduction of 25 days each month of good behavior.
4. During the eleventh and successive years of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a
deduction of 30 days each month of good behavior.
Act No. 3316– The law that provides for the formal basis for the grant of GCTA for prisoners
SPECIAL TIME ALLOWANCE FOR LOYALTY- A deduction of 1/5 of the period of his sentence
shall be granted to any prisoner who having evaded the service of his sentence under circumstances
mentioned in Art. 158 of the RPC, gives himself up to the authorities within 48 hours following the
issuance of proclamation announcing the passing away of calamity, catastrophe such as earthquake,
conflagration, mutiny, etc.
Ground for Increasing Penalty - 1/5 of the remaining sentence of the prisoner shall be added
to his sentence if he fails to surrender himself to the authority when he escapes from prison under
circumstances enumerated in Art. 158 of the RPC. Provided, however, that the added sentence should
not exceed 6 months.
 CHAPTER 10
HANDLING OF HIGH-RISK AND
HIGH-PROFILE INMATES
I. Definition of Terms
1. Classification - Is the system of classification of High- Risk Inmates based on the level of
risk in security.
2. Control - Is the system of containment of High- Profile/Risk inmates to prevent them from
escaping and staging trouble inside the jail.
3. Custodial Services - Refers to the task, activities and programs in the custody, security and
control of High-Profile/Risk inmates.
4. Detention Prisoner\ - Pertains to a person who is confined in jail facilities during the
pendency of his
5. Effective - Refer to doing the right thing in order to attain organizational goal and objective
of preventing escapes and disturbances involving HP/RIs.
6. Efficient - Refer to the capability to do things right in order to attain organizational goal and
objective of preventing escapes and disturbances involving HP/RIs using the minimum
amount time and resources possible.
7. Escape - Refers to the act of breaking out from jail by the inmate with the purpose of
avoiding punishment of the law or hardships inside the jail.
8. Handling - Refers to the management, custody, security, treatment and control of certain
personalities legally held for confinement inside the jail to prevent from initiating
jailbreak/escape and/or involvement in any violence or disturbances as the originator, direct
participator or as a victim.
9. High-Profile Inmate (HPI) - Refers to a legally detained person, classified either a security
high-risk prisoner or a low-risk prisoner, prominent / well known in society or involved in
highly controversial cases and sensationalized by the media through publication in any
newsprints, radio and television in nation-wide coverage in not less than two days, including
but not limited to prominent politicians, big time drug/gambling lords, kidnapping syndicate
leaders, police/military officers, terrorist group leaders / members, etc.
10. High-Risk Inmate - Refers to HRI who has the capability and tendency of escaping and/or
involving into violence or disturbances inside the jail as observed personally by the jail
personnel and administration.
11. Inmate - Refers to a person being held for confinement inside the jail either to an offense
charged or for safekeeping purposes. In this manual, it refers to those confined at BJMP-
controlled jail facilities and/or PNP Detention/Custodial Unit either convicted or not.
12. Low-Risk Inmate - Refers to LRI who has no capability and low tendency of escaping and /
or involving into violence or disturbances inside the jail as observed personally by the jail
personnel and administration.
13. Quality - Refers to the state of passing the standards of an effective and efficient handling of
High-Profile/Risk inmates.
14. Standard - Refers to the features of an effective and efficient handling of High-Profile/Risk
inmates, such as: optimum security measures, technology, equipment and facilities; well-
trained personnel; dedicated leadership; and humane control of HP/RIs.
II. ADMINISTRATION OF JAIL/DETENTION UNIT WITH HP/RIs
RESPONSIBILITIES OF JAIL WARDEN
a. Responsible for the custody, security and control of High- Profile/Risk inmates at all times
until released by proper authorities or transferred to other penal institution or jail.
b. Responsible for the administration of the jail/detention unit with HP/RIs and enforcement of
pertinent regulations therein.
c. Responsible for the custody of all records concerning the HP/RIs.
d. Responsible for the observance of the provisions of Republic Act 7438 (An Act Defining
Certain Rights of Person Arrested, Detainee or under Custodial Investigation as well as the
Duties of the Arresting, detaining and Investigating officers and Providing Penalties for
Violation thereof).
e. Responsible for the continuous monitoring of the activities of all HPIs and jail guards on duty
and implementation of “no contact/communication” policy between HP/RIs and jail guards.
f. Responsible for the supervision jail guards on duty and implementation of “no long straight
duty” policy.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF JAIL GUARDS
a. Responsible for the guarding of HP/RIs and prevention of their escape.
b. Responsible for not allowing other persons, PNP or BJMP personnel to communicate with
HP/RIs except with written authority from the jail warden.
c. Responsible for the search of all persons entering the jail and inspection of all packages being
brought inside the jail or cell of HP/RIs.
d. Responsible for the observance of the provisions of Republic Act 7438 (An Act Defining
Certain Rights of Person Arrested, Detainee or under Custodial Investigation as well as the
Duties of the Arresting, detaining and Investigating officers and Providing Penalties for
Violation thereof).
e. Responsible for familiarizing the physical identity of all HP/RIs under his/her watch.
f. Responsible for the protection of HP/RIs against any harassment, maltreatment and abuses by
any jail personnel or co-inmates.
g. Responsible for not allowing himself to accept straight duty extending more than four (4)
hours.
h. Responsible to train themselves in observing signs of deterioration in the security system and
to report immediately any weaknesses and threat in jail physical security.
Responsibilities of Escorts
 a. Responsible for the custody of HP/RIs assigned to him while in transit and outside the jail to
attend court hearings.
b. Responsible for the prevention of escape of HP/RIs while in transit.
c. Responsible for the search of HP/RIs assigned to him and inspection of all packages/things of
HP/RIs while in transit.
d. Responsible for familiarizing the physical identity of all HP/RIs under his/her watch.
e. Responsible for the protection of HP/RIs against any harassment, maltreatment and abuses by
any jail personnel or co-inmates while on their custody.
f. Avoid establishing fraternal relationship with the HP/RIs and accept gifts or anything with
value from HP/RIs or HP/RIs relatives/contacts.
Security Survey and Inspections
a. Security Survey and Inspections shall be conducted every month in all jails with HP/RIs.
b. All plans for emergency/crisis situation should be operationally tested and evaluated at least
thrice a year.
c. The BJMP Regional Director shall designate Security Inspector(s) for the purpose of
inspecting all district and municipal jail facilities with HP/RIs. The Security Inspector(s) shall
inspect for compliance with this Manual.
d. The Security Inspection process shall consist of two separate components: (a) Correctional
Operations, and (b)) Medical Compliance. The criteria for each type of inspection is listed
below:
(1) Correctional Operations Inspection - Inspectors shall only inspect for compliance with all
applicable correctional operations standards as listed in this Manual.
(2) Medical Compliance Inspection - Inspectors shall only inspect for compliance with all
applicable medical standards as listed in this Manual.
e. The Security Inspector(s) will be directly responsible to the BJMP Regional Director.
Security Inspector(s) may confer privately with any employee or inmate. They shall also have
access to all facility records and areas.
f. Within 5 days of completing an inspection of a facility, the Security Inspector shall forward a
complete official report to the Jail Warden. The report will contain checklists adequate to
record whether or not the detention facility is in compliance with respect to the requirements
of this Manual. The Jail Warden shall have 10 days after receipt in which to respond to the
report. A copy of the inspection report and the Jail Warden's response will then be forwarded
to the BJMP Regional Director within fourteen (14) days of completion. Inspection reports,
responses, and all other reports or documents prepared by the Security Inspector(s) shall
become public records, and shall be subject to review.
Inspection Evaluation Process.
(1) Serious violations.
(a) Serious violations are any violations to the provisions of this Manual or other
conditions, or practices that appear to pose a substantial and immediate danger to
the life, health or safety of one or more HP/RIs or jail personnel.
(b) When a facility inspector observes a serious violation, he/she shall immediately
notify the Jail Warden of the violation and of he/she duty to correct the violation.
The inspector(s) shall also, within 24 hours of the time he/she first observes any
such serious violation, prepare and provide the Jail Warden a special written
report describing the violation, the notification given and the corrective action
required.
(c) The Jail Warden shall ensure corrective action regarding any such serious
violation within 24 hours. Also, the Jail Warden shall submit a written report in
response to the serious violation.
(d) The inspector(s) shall re-inspect within 48 hours of the time he/she first observed
any serious violation to determine whether it has been corrected and shall prepare
a written report of the re-inspection.
(e) The following deficiencies shall be serious violations and subject to provisions of
this section:
(i.) Failure of the policy and procedure directives to contain: (a.)
Emergency Plans; (b.) Tool, knife, and firearms control
(ii.) Persons assigned to food service areas known to have or suspected of
having communicable diseases, open wounds, sores or respiratory
infections.
(iii.) Failure to provide modified diet when ordered by the Health
Authority. The facility inspector will ensure, through review of
medical files or confirmation by a physician, that denial of such a
modified diet would be immediately detrimental to the health and well-
being of the inmate(s).
(iv.) Failure to provide separate storage for poisons and hazardous
chemicals away from food.
(v.) Failure to establish agreement with one or more health care providers
to provide emergency services.
(vi.) Failure to maintain first aid supplies on premises.
(vii.) Failure to have at least one staff member on duty trained in the delivery
of first aid care and CPR
(viii.) Permitting firearms and ammunition in secure areas of the facility
except in case of an emergency, and approved by the Jail Warden.
(ix.) Failure to meet fire, safety, and prevention standards identified by a
fire inspector as being life threatening.
(2) Notable violations.
a. Notable violations shall include any discrepancy to these standards, which is not
included under "Serious Violations".
b. When an inspector's report indicates one or more violations, the Jail Warden shall
formulate a "corrective action" plan.
 c. The corrective action plan shall specify, with respect to each violation, the
corrective action to be taken the timetable for such corrective action and the
resources to be used. The corrective action plan shall provide for correction of all
violations as soon as practicable and shall require that substantial progress
toward corrections of discrepancies be demonstrated within a reasonable time.
g. Regular general jail inspections conducive to good correctional practice are expected to be
conducted.
h. Each facility shall keep permanent records pertaining to:
(1) Visitation - the name of the HP/RI, date, length of visit, names of visitors, relationship to
HP/RI, visitor's address, whether contact visit or noncontact visit.
(2) Exercise - the name of the HP/RI, date, time for exercise, whether it was outdoor or
indoor, and if the inmate refused. In those facilities where access to exercise is
unrestricted, documentation shall be by exception (i.e., where the inmate is denied
exercise).
(3) Medical observation - all pertinent medical information shall be recorded in the HP/RI's
medical file.
i. Policy and procedure directives for the employees and inmates concerning the operation of
each detention facility will be developed and maintained by each facility. The Jail Warden
shall ensure at least one (1) formal review of his/her jail's policies and procedures is
conducted on an annual basis. Additionally, employees should certify that they have read
and understand all such applicable policy and procedures on an annual basis. When
conducting detention facilities inspections, the inspector(s) will examine the content of the
directives for compliance with facility rules and timely updating. The policy and procedure
directives shall include the following:
1.) Emergency plans in the event of fire, riot, escape, natural disaster, epidemic
disease, and hostage situations;
2.) Tool, knife, and firearms control;
3.) Contraband control;
4.) Inmate property and "in-cell" belongings;
5.) Daily log and count procedures;
6.) Inmate grievances;
7.) Visiting procedures and control;
8.) Disciplinary procedures;
9.) Admission, classification, and release procedures;
10.) Health services;
11.) Food services;
12.) Inmate contact with attorneys, the court, public officials, and the press;
13.) Supervision of staff;
14.) Care, custody, and control of inmates;
15.) Provisions for administrative and disciplinary confinement;
16.) Procedures establishing conditions under which inmates will be screened and tested
for infectious disease.
III. CLASSIFICATION OF HIGH-PROFILE/RISK INMATES
The BJMP shall adopt the classification system known as SECURITY RISK FACTOR SCORING
(SERIF Scoring) in all jails/detention facilities with HP/RIs.
Identified High-Profile/Risk Security HP/RIs shall be immediately transferred into more secured
detention facilities.
SECURITY PROCEDURES
Quality security procedures shall be implemented in all jails with HP/RIs.
No straight duty hours extending four (4) hours should be allowed to every personnel assigned in jails
with HP/RIs.
Quality protective locks and key control scheme shall be established and strictly implemented. A key
control system shall be designed to indicate the location of all keys and locks in the detention facility.
The system will include:
(f) A complete inventory of all keys;
(g) A written report of malfunctioning locks, broken or lost keys or other safety hazards that are
key related;
(h) Absolute control of security keys by correctional officers and never by inmates;
(i) A full set of emergency keys maintained in a secure and easily accessible location away from
the detention facility for use in the event of fire or another emergency;
(j) A key control system which provides a shadow board or other means of ensuring that staff
can immediately identify missing keys.
Audio/video monitoring devices should be installed and operational in the cells of HP/RIs.
Cell phone signal jammer shall be installed inside the jail so that no one could use cell phones inside
the jail facility.
Surprise search for contrabands and inspections of cells and belongings of HP/RIs should be
conducted in regular basis.
All security facilities such as doors, bars, windows, ceilings, floors and locks should be examined at
least three times a week to ensure that they are in good conditions.
The ratio of 1 is to 5-security or 5-man team structure must be undertaken at all times in escorting
High-Profile/Risk inmates.
Advance precautionary measures and planning should be undertaken for HP/RIs escorting and
transport.
All jail personnel/guards shall be provided with photographs of all High-Profile/Risk inmates.
IV. SEARCHING NEWLY COMMITTED HP/RIS.
i. HP/RIs must be searched immediately for weapons and contrabands. It is during the first
contact with HP/RI that the greatest caution is needed to prevent surprise and dangerous acts.
Due caution, however, must be exercised constantly. Searches must be conducted by at least
two people. One person searches while the other person provides back-up or security.
g. Either the stand-up search or the wall search may be used. The choice depends on the
situation. The search is made not only of the person, but also of the immediate area. This
prevents the person from grabbing a weapon
h. Searchers must not search a member of the opposite sex. The searcher must wait until a
member of the opposite sex is available to make the search. If there are no female searchers
available to search a female HP/RI, any qualified woman, such as a medical professional, can
be called on to conduct the search. A member of either sex can search items that can be easily
removed, such as luggage, packages, shoes, hat, coat, and handbags.
STAND-UP SEARCH
The stand-up search is a quick search of the inmate for weapons and contraband. In making
the search, the searcher has the inmate stand with his back to the searcher. The searcher's assistant
takes a position where he can watch the inmate. The searcher commands the inmate to spread his feet
and extend his arms above his head. The searcher then searches the inmate from head to feet,
crushing the clothing to locate any concealed weapons or contrabands. When the search is complete,
flexcuffs or hand irons are put on the inmate.
WALL SEARCH
When a weapon is found, or when other factors indicate the need, a wall search is conducted.
By rendering an inmate helpless by placing him in an awkward position, the wall search affords
safety to the searcher. Wall searches are particularly useful when searching several inmates. Any
upright surface can be used. To begin the search, the searcher has the inmate face the wall or other
surface and lean spread-eagled against it. The searcher makes sure the inmate's feet are well apart.
The inmate's head must be kept down. The searcher's assistant stands on the side of the inmate
opposite the searcher and to the rear. When the searcher moves to the other side of the inmate, the
assistant also changes position. The searcher walks around the assistant when changing sides to avoid
coming between the inmate and the assistant guarding the HP/RI.
If the HP/RI resists or tries to escape and must be restrained before the search is completed,
the entire search is repeated from the beginning. If flex cuffs or hand irons are applied before the wall
search is completed, the inmate's forehead is placed against the wall to provide support in place of the
hands. Flex cuffs or hand irons are applied when the wall search is complete. When searching two or
more inmates, the searcher has them lean spread-eagled against the same wall, but far enough apart so
they cannot reach one another. The searcher's assistant takes a position a few paces to the rear of the
inmates. The searcher begins the search with the inmate on the right. After searching each inmate, the
searcher has him move to the left end of the line and resume the wall-search position. This keeps the
searcher from coming between the assistant and an inmate.
COME-ALONG TECHNIQUES
Come-along techniques can be used to move resisting HP/RIs. The escorting team must be able to
move the HP/RI quickly and without the use of excess force. Flex cuffs or hand irons are placed on
resisters before moving them. This reduces a resister's ability to fight if he or she suddenly tries to do
so.
CARRY METHODS
The two-person carry is the best come-along technique if there are enough escorts available.
This carry avoids injuries caused by excessive lifting. It also avoids injuries to an inmate. Personnel
stands on either side of the inmate and grasps him under the legs and through his arms and around his
back. The personnel may grasp each other's arms to prevent their hold from slipping. They also can
perform this carry using riot batons. They place one baton under the legs behind the knees and the
other baton horizontally across the back. Both personnel then grasp the batons, forming a cradle.
The HP/RI may try to resist by stiffening and forcing himself out of the cradle. To counteract
this resistance, one personnel get behind the inmate and grasps the HP/RI under the arms. He locks
his hands in front of the HP/RI's chest for a more secure hold. The second personnel stand to one side
of the HP/RI and encircles the inmate's legs at the knees with his arm.
A one-person carry has a disadvantage. It involves lifting considerable weight. This can tire
the carrier quickly or cause a back injury. The escort lifts the inmate from the rear by grasping him
under the arms. The escort locks his hands in front of the HP/RI's chest. The escort then pulls the
inmate backward with the HP/RI's heels dragging the ground. A riot baton also may be used for this
technique. The escort approaches the HP/RI from behind. He lays the baton to the side of the HP/RI,
slightly behind the inmate's buttocks. He then forces the HP/RI into a sitting position, reaches under
the HP/RI's arms, and picks up the baton. He then rotates the baton to the front of the HP/RI's chest.
He places his free hand under the inmate's arm and grasps the other end of the baton. Again, the
escort pulls the inmate backward with the HP/RI's heels dragging the ground.
COME-ALONG HOLDS
A come-along hold is used to move an unrestrained, unwilling person from one place to
another. It controls the person's movements without injuring him. A come-along hold puts pressure on
a sensitive part of the body and causes discomfort. The hold must be executed quickly and with as
little commotion as possible. Speed is essential in applying these holds. Such holds are used only for
short distances until the inmate can be restrained. Each jail personnel must know which holds are best
suited to his capabilities.
Baton as a Restraint and Come-Along
The riot baton may be used as a restraining device and as a come-along hold at the same time.
The jail personnel has the HP/RI cross his hands behind his back. He slips the HP/RI's hand through
the baton's leather thong. He then twists the baton until the slack in the thong is taken up. The thong
can be tightened or loosened depending on the amount of pressure needed to secure the HP/RI. With
his left hand, the jail personnel grasp the left shoulder or the clothing over the shoulder of the HP/RI.
He pulls the HP/RI slightly backward so that the HP/RI cannot pull away from the baton end, which
is pressed against the small of the HP/RI's back.
Gooseneck Come-Along
To apply a gooseneck come-along the jail personnel approaches the HP/RI from the rear. He steps
forward with his left foot along the outside of the inmate's right foot. He grasps the inside of the
HP/RI's right arm at the elbow with his left hand. He then grasps the inmate's right hand with his right
hand, placing his thumb inside the bend of the inmate's wrist and his fingers across the back of the
HP/RI's right hand. With both hands, the jail personnel sharply pull the HP/RI off balance and to the
rear so the HP/RI's weight falls on the jail personnel's left shoulder. The jail personnel then bend the
HP/RI's right arm at the elbow and locks the HP/RI's right arm against his chest. He reinforces his
right hand with his left hand, placing both thumbs inside the bend of the wrist and his fingers across
the back of the inmate's hand. He locks both his elbows tightly to his side and steps up beside the
inmate. He applies pressure as he steps up beside the HP/RI. He presses down on the back of the
inmate's hand, bending it under toward the forearm.
Front Hammerlock
For the front hammerlock the jail personnel face the inmate. He steps forward with his right foot
to the outside of the HP/RI's right foot. He grasps the HP/RI's right arm at the elbow with the jail
personnel's right-hand palm up. The jail personnel break the HP/RI's balance by pulling the HP/RI's
right arm slightly away from the HP/RI’s body. As he pivots behind the HP/RI, he strikes the inmate's
right wrist with his left wrist and bends the HP/RI's arm to the rear. As the jail personnel completes
the pivot behind the inmate, he drives his left fist straight up until the inmate's right wrist rests in the
bend of the jail personnel's left arm. He then rotates his left hand down, grasping the inmate's right
elbow. He pulls the HP/RI's right elbow tightly against his stomach. The inmate may be leaning
forward in this position. The jail personnel complete the hold by reaching with his right hand over the
HP/RI's shoulder and grasping the left side of the HP/RI's face. The jail personnel apply pressure by
turning the inmate's head to the right, pushing down with his left hand, and pulling up with his left
elbow.
Fingers Come-Along
The fingers come-along is tiring to maintain, but it is extremely useful in moving an inmate
for a short distance. The jail personnel face the inmate. He steps forward with his right foot to the
outside of the inmate's left foot. As he steps, he reaches with both hands and grasps the inmate's left
wrist with his left hand. He grasps two or three fingers with his right hand. He then pivots
counterclockwise on his right foot until he is standing beside the inmate. He thrusts the inmate's arm
straight out in front of him at shoulder height, maintaining a tight grip on the inmate's wrist with his
left hand and bending the inmate's fingers down with his right hand. The jail personnel apply pressure
by keeping the inmate's arm locked straight and by pulling the inmate's fingers straight back toward
the inmate's elbow. This hold can be applied on either hand.
Groin Lift
The groin lift is used to remove a resisting inmate from a wall or move him through a doorway.
The jail personnel approach the inmate from the rear. He steps for-ward and places his left foot next
to the inmate’s left foot. He grasps the inmate's left wrist with his left hand, pulling the inmate's hand
sharply down between the inmate's legs. The jail personnel then grasp the inmate's left hand with his
right hand and pulls the inmate's arm up into the inmate's groin. He reaches with his left hand and
grabs the inmate's shoulder or collar. He can then move the inmate forward or backward by lifting the
inmate's arm against the inmate's groin as he pushes down on the inmate's shoulder with his left hand.

Baton Come-Along
For the baton come-along the jail personnel grasps the center of the baton with his right hand. He
approaches the inmate from behind. He rotates the baton to a position parallel with his right arm and
pointed toward the inmate. He thrusts the baton between the inmate's legs. He rotates his right hand
so that his palm is turned up. He then pulls back and up, placing the baton across the inmate's upper
thighs. The jail personnel reach up with his left hand and grasps the inmate's collar near the back of
his neck. To move the inmate, the jail personnel keep his right hand as straight as possible and exerts
upward pressure from the shoulder. Simultaneously, he pushes forward with his left hand. This keeps
the inmate on his toes and off balance to his front.
Hammerlock Come-Along
For the hammerlock come-along the jail personnel holds the baton in his right hand. He steps
forward with his right foot and between the inmate's left arm and body. As the baton passes to the rear
of the baton passes to the rear of the inmate's body, the jail personnel push up and to the rear. He
steps forward with his left foot to the outside of the inmate's left foot. He then reaches across the
inmate's left shoulder with his left hand and grasps the striking end of the baton. Pivoting on the ball
of his left foot, he moves to the inmate's left rear. At the same time, he presses down with his left
hand on the striking end of the baton in the direction of the inmate's left front. He also presses up on
the grip end of the baton with his right hand. This bends the inmate well forward at the waist.
After the inmate has been subdued, the jail personnel hold the baton firmly with his right
hand and releases his left hand. He reaches across the striking end of the baton with his left hand and
grasps the right side of the inmate's face under the jaw bone and forces the inmate's face to the left,
straightening him up. To apply pressure, he presses down on the striking end of the baton with his left
upper arm and pulls up on the grip of the baton with his right hand.
V. Visiting Privilege
Visits from Family and Friends Visiting hours and days for inmate’s family and friends are:
Monday - Thursday 9:00 PM – 11:00 AM
Saturday and Sunday 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM
1:00 PM - 4:00 PM
No visiting on Friday
All family visits must be arranged through the inmate. The inmate will sign-up for a visiting
time and he or she will notify family and friends of the day and time. Visitors should arrive no less
than 15 minutes before the scheduled visiting time. Visitors will then be registered. Visitors must
follow all jail rules and regulation and instructions given to them by staff. Visitor rules are noted
below.
Rules and Regulations for Visitors
1. All visitors and their personal belongings are subject to search prior to entry into the jail and
while in the jail.
2. All visitors will pass through the metal detector prior to entering the visiting area.
3. All visitors must provide valid picture identification. Visitors without proper identification
will not be permitted to visit inmate.
4. Only three visitors are permitted per inmate at one time; minors (under age 18) are not
included in this number. The Visitation Deputy will monitor the visitation area and may limit
the number of visitors if there is insufficient space.
5. All minors under the age of 18 must be accompanied by an adult.
6. Visitors who appear to be intoxicated or have the odor of alcohol will be denied access and
are subject to arrest.
7. Visitors are expected to use trash cans located throughout the facility and jail supervisors may
deny visitation to anyone who litters.
8. Visitors will not bring plants, flowers, excessive amounts of books, papers or clothing into
the visitation area. Personal items brought into the facility are not the responsibility of the
Office of the Jail Warden.
9. Any visitor involved in vandalizing or defacing any part of the jail property will be prohibited
from visiting. The visitor will be held liable for repairs and subject to prosecution.
10. Any visitor bringing drugs, alcohol or any other illegal or unauthorized items into the jail will
be prosecuted.
11. Smoking, drinking or eating are prohibited inside the building and in lobby areas. Jail
Supervisor on duty will end a visit immediately if this rule is violated and future visits may
be suspended. • Picture taking (still or video) is not permitted inside the facility. • The Jail
Warden may permanently deny visitation privileges to individuals who consistently disregard
visiting rules and regulations.
12. All visitors shall stay inside the jail facility for the period not more than one (1) hour.
Basic Equipment Requirements At minimum some form of equipment in each of the following
categories must be made available to jails with HP/RIs:
COMMUNICATIONS
a. Control Center. At Minimum the jail with High-Profile/Risk inmates should have at least two
phone lines and a Multi-channel radio system where by they can communicate with anyone
inside the facility. An Additional phone line should be included for outside communication.
i. All Staff. A handheld radio with belt case, each equipped with an earpiece and two back-up
batteries each.
 j. Vehicles. All jail vehicles should be equipped with Mobile Base Station Radio. MINIMUM CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS

PERSONAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT Design Standards - The following design standards are mandatory for all renovations, remodeling or
a. Personal Alarm. A remote, belt mounted device, that when set off by the wearer indicates that new construction of Jails with HP/RIs:
there is an emergency in the section of the facility where the officer is at. (k) All aspects of design and construction shall conform to fire and safety standards.
(l) All detention facility designs shall provide for the maximum visibility of inmates by
b. 2 Sets of Handcuffs and 1 Oversize Key. Two sets provide ability to cuff both fighters and/or Custodial officers/ personnel and shall provide for the protection and safety of the Custodial
over-size inmates. officers / personnel.
(m) Entry of inmates into a detention facility by vehicle shall be through a secure vehicular sally
port.
c. Flashlight. Small extra bright tactical light with red covered lens and wrist lanyard. (n) Modular construction, other than precast, shall comply with all safety and building codes.
(o) All exterior confinement walls shall be either 6 inches of poured, reinforced concrete, 4
k. Pepper Spray. For immediate use as self protection and inmate control. inches of precast concrete, or other material deemed secure, or 8 inches of reinforced and
filled concrete block. If concrete block is used, it must be reinforced horizontally with
l. Handheld spot lights masonry reinforcing 16 inches on center and vertically with #4 steel reinforcing rods 16
inches on center and all voids filled with 3,000 PSI of concrete from top to bottom.
m. Shotgun with gas and smoke launching capability (p) All interior walls surrounding a secure area shall meet the requirements for exterior walls.
Wet areas shall conform to all safety and building codes.
(q) All walls within a reduced custody housing area shall be standard masonry construction or
SECURE AREA EXTRACTIONS & RESTRAINT DEVICES other durable material which provides for a secure exterior wall.
This equipment is specifically designed protective gear for staff who may have to extract unruly or (r) Ceilings in a secure housing area shall be either poured or precast concrete. Poured in place
even psychotic inmates from an area in which they are already contained: concrete will be a minimum of 4 inches thick and reinforced. Precast concrete panels will be
a. Clear, Concave Restraint Shield. 5,000 PSI reinforced concrete and shall be the manufacturer's standard thickness. Three
b. Additional Chest, Shoulder and Neck Protective Padding. quarters of an inch of cement plaster on ribbed metal lathe will be acceptable when the
c. 2 Sets of Soft Restraints, including padded head gear. structural frame and secure walls of the building restrict escape routes. Cement plaster
d. 2 Camisole Straight Jackets. ceilings are required to cover pipework, conduit, and ductwork in areas where accessible to
e. Mobile Restraint Chair. inmates.
(s) Single occupancy cells will be designed with a minimum of 3 square meters of floor space.
ESCORT & TRANSPORTATION Available for use by any staff with Jail Warden Authorization: (t) Multiple occupancy cells will be designed with a minimum of 3 square meters of floor space
b. 6 Leg Irons per inmate in the sleeping area.
j. 6 Spit Hoods (u) Day room space shall be furnished providing a minimum of 3 square meters per inmate for all
k. 6 Belly Chains cell areas, except disciplinary and administrative confinement.
l. 6 Hand / Cuff Shrouds (v) Open dormitory or reduced custody housing units shall be designed with a minimum of 3
m. 1 Portable Restraint Chair meters of floor space per inmate, including both sleeping and day room area. However,
inmates who are allowed out of their unit for a minimum of 8 hours per day (e.g., work
HIGH TECH programs, treatment programs, educational programs, etc.), may be housed in areas
a. Fence Motion Sensors designated with a minimum of 3 square meters of floor space per inmate (sleeping and
b. Remote Cameras dayroom area included). The configuration of sleeping areas shall be such as to afford
maximum visibility for the Custodial officers/ personnel.
c. Cellphone Jammers
(w) Cells will be designed to include sufficient space for seating of inmates. Cells shall be located
d. Night Vision and Binoculars for observation posts. within sight or normal sound of an officer at all times. Inmates in a holding cell shall have
reasonable access to toilet, sink, and drinking water facilities upon request.
 (x) Impervious floors shall be used in all areas. Suitable floor drains shall be installed so as to
control vandalism.
(y) Provisions shall be made for emergency power to be constantly available for the purpose of
maintaining essential services, security, and safety systems throughout the facility.
(z) Security vestibules are required whenever an entrance or exit penetrates the secure housing
area or exterior confinement walls. Security vestibule doors shall be equipped with an
interlock device to prohibit both doors being opened at the same time. Security vestibule door
locks shall be either electrically or mechanically operated from a control box located
remotely from the vestibule.
(aa) Detention facilities shall provide a secure outside recreation area and multipurpose housing
shall provide space for programs, visiting (including social and attorney visiting), and inside
recreation. There shall also be adequate areas for medical examination and for storage of
inmate property.
(bb) Provision shall be made for secure sensitive storage and for a safe storage for items such as
chemicals and flammable material.
(c) In secure housing areas, light fixtures shall be secure and tamper-proof with no exposed
electrical conduit accessible to inmates. All switches and outlets with inmate access shall
have a remote override.
(d) Single occupancy cells shall have a toilet and sink. Showers should be located in the day
room area.
(e) Multiple occupancy units, dormitory units, and direct supervision type housing units shall
allow ready access to toilets, sinks, and showers.
(f) Fixture counts shall be 2 toilets, 2 mirrors, 1 shower, and 2 sinks for each 16 inmates or
fraction thereof. Stainless steel fixtures are recommended.
(g) ) Bunks and tables in maximum security housing areas shall be security type substantially
anchored.
(h) Flooding protection. Floor drains in inmate housing areas and holding cells shall be
located to reduce the incidence of malicious tampering and flooding. Where practical, a
drain shall be located in security corridors and not inside cells or day rooms. All facilities
shall be architecturally designed to satisfy all of the requirements of these standards.

All furnishings and equipment in secure housing areas shall be security type.
(a) Tool resistant steel of the latest industry standards shall be used in all security devices
which control access to the exterior of the facility.
(b) Window sash of all types located in inmates' secure housing quarters shall be of the
security type. Detention windows, fixed or operable, shall not have a clear opening width
exceeding 5 inches.
(c) Glass and glazing materials shall have the proper security values for the area in which
they are used.
(d) View panels in security areas shall be security type with security type glazing.
(e) Doors leading into secure housing areas shall be either a minimum of 12 gauge sound
deadened hollow metal with security glazed viewing panel or bar grille doors of not less
than 7/8" steel bars, round or hexagonal spaced 5" on centers. These doors shall be a
minimum of 3 feet wide.
(f) Cell doors shall be a minimum of 2'8" wide. Doors for single, multiple occupancy or
dormitory type cells shall be of a material and design consistent with the security
requirements of the area. Maximum security cell doors shall be either 12 gauge sound-
deadened hollow metal with security glazed panel or bar grille type.
(g) Doors to rooms in a reduced custody area or to individual cells in direct supervision areas
shall be sound-deadened hollow metal or solid core wood with viewing panels.

Mechanical systems shall include the following:

(a) Mechanical ventilation of all confinement areas not having adequate natural ventilation is
mandatory.
(b) If natural ventilation is used, the window shall have a free area equal to one-tenth of the
floor space. Cross ventilation is required.