MODIBBO ADAMA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY YOLA

SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING AND GEO-INFORMATICS

TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

COURSE CODE: SVG 215

COURSE TITLE: BASIC SURVEYING I

SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING AND GEO-INFORMATCS IN

PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR IN TECHNOLOGY

FEBRUARY 2021
10 CHAIN SURVEYING
1.0. Introduction

Surveying is the process of determining the relative position of points on, beneath or
above the earth surface. (Michelle Mentzer, 1985)

Surveying is a necessary activity to determine the elevations, distances, and angles for a
specific plot of land. This information can be obtained to varying degrees of accuracy
through different surveying methods. (Erine Hesas, 2005)

The method of survey used for the purpose of this report is the “chain/tape surveying”.
This method tends to determine the distance of two points of a given parcel of land. It is
called chain/tape surveying because the instrument used for the fieldwork is either chain
or tape. Thus, it is the form of ground horizontal measurement made to determine the
distance of two points or stations

2.0. Location of the Survey

The field work was carried out on the parcel of land around the Department of Surveying
and Geo-informatics of the Modibbo Adama University of Technology, the survey cut
across the street that leads to the School of Engineering and Engineering Technology,
towards the Kabiru Umar Hostel.

3.0. Purpose of the Survey

 To learn the principles of working from hold to part.
 To enhance students’ knowledge in measurement procedure.
 To establish ground distance for plotting and mapping.
 To enable students to get hands-on experience in measurements as well as other
instruments and collect the data of the relevant fieldwork.
 To allow students to learn the correct method in doing chain/tape surveying, apply
the theories that had been taught in classes to a hands-on situation.

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10  To enable students in identify the error and make adjustment to the data by using
the correct formula.
 Learn how to compute and properly adjust the measured values and apply
corrections of temperature, sag, M.S.L etc.
4.0. Statement of the Problem
The Department of Surveying as part of its course work, organized the field work for
all student offering SVG215 (Basic Surveying) for adequate knowledge and
proficiency hereafter. Hence, the students were made to carry out a field work guided
by the Technical Officer.
5.0. Instrument Used
The apparatus used for the field work are:
i) 30meter/50meter tape
ii) Ranging poles
iii) Pegs
iv) Arrows
6.0. Procedure
Reconnaissance survey: we first made a reconnaissance survey of the area, i.e. we
simply walked over the area with a view to establishing the best sites for survey
stations. The sites were chosen with care and are in fact governed by a considerable
number of factors.
Station/Signal Marks: Station marks are those points used to indicate to indicate the
surveying stations. The can be permanent or semi-permanent.
1. Field work (observation and measurement)
 Ranging: involves placing ranging poles along the route to be measures so as to
get a straight line. The poles are used to mark the stations and in between the
stations.
 Running a chain line: is the actual measurement using a chain or a tape.
 Measurement of offset: they are measurement made outside the main survey line

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10 to mark out some certain features.
 Bookings: measurement carried out on the field are being recorded to avoid
confusion.
7.0. Data Processing/computations
The data obtained from the field, which was recorded in the field book is therefore,
adjusted and computed as shown in the table below.

COMPUTATIONS.

8.0. Precaution
 The survey stations may have to be used at some future date when setting-out
operations take place. Therefore, it was necessary to set viewable stations to see
from any one station to the other stations of any polygon.
 It was ensured that the instrument are in good shape and centered before readings
were taken
 All distance measurement where carried out with the best available accuracy
9.0. Summary

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10 From this fieldwork, we learnt to conduct a chain surveying by using a tape and
several other instruments. Throughout this survey, we can be able to apply the
technique and knowledge thought by our lecturer, Mr. I. Musa Buba. From this
survey, we know that point A, B, C, and E are laid out on the site respectively. The
tape will be placed on point A which is our starting point and started to conduct our
survey.
10.0. Conclusion
In conclusion, in this fieldwork, we were required to carry out a chain survey that is
located at the Dept. of Survey; a special principle of working from whole to part. My
fellow group mates and I conduct the survey together where some were made to hold
the ranging pole vertically erect at the target station for us to run the chain line, that
is using tapes to measure the horizontal distance, Much thanks to the technical officer
Mr. Francis and especially to our course lecturer, Mr. I. Musa Buba.

11.0. Recommendation
From the result obtained from the field work, we hereby recommend the parcel of
land final through field and office checks. Therefore, the parcel of land can be used
for the intended purpose.

REFERENCE

1. Basic Survey 215, Mr. I. Musa Buba (Lecturer)

2. Practical Manual Handbook

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10 COMPASS SURVEYING

1.0. Introduction

Surveying is a necessary activity to determine the elevations, distances, and angles for a
specific plot of land. This information can be obtained to varying degrees of accuracy
through different surveying methods. (Erin Hess, 2002)

Surveying is the process of determining the relative position of points on, beneath or
above the earth surface. (Michelle Mentzer, 1978).

COMPASS: a compass is an instrument used in determining the direction of line relative

to a predetermined reference direction. The process of using a compass to carry out
survey is termed compass surveying. Compass survey are mainly used for the rapid
filling in of details larger surveys and for exploratory work and not for very accurate
large scale of surveys. It provides magnetic bearings of the measured lines, if the process
is extended through successive lines, it forms what is regarded a compass traverse.

LOCATION OF SITE:

The field work was carried out on the parcel of land around the Department of Surveying
and Geo-informatics of the Modibbo Adama University of Technology, the survey cut
across the street that leads to the School of Engineering and Engineering Technology,
towards the Kabiru Umar Hostel Moddibo Adama University of Technology, Yola
Nigeria.

PURPOSE OF THE SURVEY

Compass survey result are use for:-

1. Are used for orientation of directions.

2. Lay out and setting off construction projects according to planned elevations.

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10 3. Values gotten from compass survey are use for plotting the boundries of a percel
of land.
4. If the process is extended through successive lines it forms what is regarded as a
compass traverse which may be use to established local control with less accuracy
and precision.
5. Develop maps showing general bearings and directions.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The Department of Surveying as part of its course work, organized the field work for
all student offering SVG215 (Basic Surveying) for adequate knowledge and
proficiency hereafter on how to carry out compass surveying. Hence, the students
were made to carry out a field work guided by the Technical Officer.

EQUIPMENTS USED

1. compass
2. tape/chain.
3. Survey arrows.
4. Ranging poles.

PERSONNEL

The personnel involved are the students from Architecture, construction

technology, geography, Agric engineering and urban and regional planning
departments as assign by the course departmental technologist.

PROCEDURE

Reconnaissance;

a. Office reconnaissance:-this involves the official preliminary planning on

how the survey operation was successfully carried out amongst which the

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10 previous topographic maps and coordinate register of the area are consulted
to locate strategic features and existing controls (benchmarks) in the area.
b. Field reconnaissance:- before the actual field observations, the site was
inspected and the leveling station was chosen as long as possible between
two stations such that line of sight was clear and there was no obstructions
as well as heavy clearing and damaging of trees and properties , certain
strategic features was noted and the reconnaissance diagram was drawn at
this stage.
c. Selection and marking of stations:- the leveling stations was selected far
apart from each other at convenient points and was temporarily marked
with a wooden pillars.

Field observations

Ones the stations are marked, the compass is either held or should be set up on its
tripod over a station and roughly leveled to allow the needle swing freely They
compass case is then rotated until the back station is sighted and the readings
recorded.
Fore bearing is the compass bearing of a place taken from a station to the
other in the direction that the survey is being carried out. The back bearing in the
other hand is the bearing in the opposite direction.
They difference between BB and FB is always 180degree.
12.0. Data Processing/computations
The data obtained from the field, which was recorded in the field book is therefore,
adjusted and computed as shown in the table below.

COMPUTATIONS.

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10

PRECAUTIONS

 A convenient station was selected to avoid exposing the compass from magnetic
subtances.
 A stable station was selected to enable convenient readings and to avoid
obstruction of the line of sight.
 All sources of metallic objects like wrist watches, belts, chains etc were taken
away from the stations to avoid local attractions.
 Readings were taken with hands stretched forward to avoid error in reading the
compass.

SUMMARY:

Compass surveying is the process of taken angular measurement. By the use of

either the surveyors compass or the prismatic compass, linear measurements are done by
using tape.

CONCLUSION:

The aim of compass surveying is to determine the bearings and directions of

various points on the ground. The plan produced shows the various orientation on the
ground, which will help in setting out there relative positions in setting out.

RECOMMENDATION:

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10 From the result obtained from the field work, we hereby recommend the parcel of
land final through field and office checks. Therefore, the parcel of land can be used
for the intended purpose.

REFERENCE

3. Basic Survey 215, Mr. I. Musa Buba (Lecturer)

4. Practical Manual Handbook