1.

Spectroscopy: Spectroscopy or spectroscopy is the study of the interaction

between electromagnetic radiation and matter, with absorption or emission of
radiant energy. It has applications in astronomy, physics, chemistry and biology,
among other scientific disciplines.

2. Spectrometry: Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that uses the

mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio to identify compounds in a sample. The method
identifies a compound by determining its molecular weight and analyzing its
isotopic abundance.

3. Spectrometer: The mass spectrometer is an instrument that measures the

masses and relative concentrations of atoms and molecules. Use the basic
foundation of the magnetic force on a moving charged particle.

4. Spectrophotometer: Spectrophotometers are color measurement instruments

used to capture and evaluate color.

5. Molecular spectroscopy: Molecular spectroscopy is the measurement of

interactions between electromagnetic waves and matter. The scattering of the
sunlight produces a colorful spectrum when a narrow beam of light is passed through
a triangular glass prism.

6. Double beam spectrophotometer: A dual beam spectrophotometer suitable for

a wide range of applications including general research, use in pharmaceutical,
biochemical and clinical laboratories, new materials development and quality
control.

7. Single-beam spectrophotometer: Single beam spectrophotometers determine

color by measuring the intensity of the light sources before versus after a test sample
is inserted. This light source is modulated (turned on and off) to differentiate the light
coming from the light source versus the light coming from the flame.

8. Colorimetry: Colorimetry is the science that studies the measurement of colors

and that develops methods for the quantification of color perception.

9. UV/vis technique: UV-Vis Spectroscopy is based on the transmission and/or

absorption of electromagnetic radiation when it interacts with matter, in the
environment of wavelengths between 190 and 900 nm, which is extended in UV -
VIS-NIR equipment up to 3300nm.

10. IR Technique: Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy) is the spectroscopy that

deals with the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, that is light with a
longer wavelength and lower frequency than visible light. It covers a range of
techniques, mostly based on absorption spectroscopy.

11. Beer Law or Lambert-Beer Law or Lambert-Beer-Bouguer Law: According to

Bouguer's (or Lambert's) law, each layer of equal thickness of the medium absorbs
an equal fraction of the energy traversing it. According to Beer's law, the absorptive
capacity of a dissolved substance is directly proportional to its concentration in a
solution.
12. Monocromador: A monochromator is an optical device that is used to measure
the composition of light according to its distribution of wavelengths (spectral
distribution) whether electromagnetic or not from an emitting source that produces
a wide range of wavelengths.

13. Chromophore: A chromophore is the part or set of atoms of a molecule

responsible for its color. It can also be defined as a substance that has electrons
capable of absorbing energy and being excited, at different wavelengths.

14. Sample cell holders: Small containers used to store samples during
spectrophotometric measurement.

15. Bathochromic displacement: In Physics, the bathochromic effect or

bathochromic displacement is called the phenomenon that occurs when the
absorption wavelength of a substance moves towards wavelengths.

16. Hypsochromic displacement; Hypsochromic shift is a change of spectral band

position in the absorption, reflectance, transmittance, or emission spectrum of a
molecule to a shorter wavelength (higher frequency).

17. Hyperchromic effect: The hyperchromic effect is the increase in absorbance in

a material. The opposite case is the hypochromic effect. The best known case is
DNA hyperchromicity, which occurs when the duplex denatures, giving two single
strands that absorb more in the ultraviolet.

18. Hypochromic effect: The Hypochromic Effect describes the decrease in the
absorbance of ultraviolet light in a double stranded DNA compared to its single
stranded counterpart. Compared to a single stranded DNA, a double stranded DNA
consists of stacked bases that contribute to the stability and the hypochromicity of
the DNA.

19. Absorptance: The absorbance of a material's surface is its effectiveness in

absorbing radiant energy. It is the ratio between the absorbed and the incident
radiant power. This should not be confused with absorbance and absorption
coefficient.

20. Transmittance: The transmittance or transmittance is a magnitude that expresses

the amount of energy that passes through a body in the unit of time.