Department of Civil Engineering Reinforced Concrete Structures I

Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams for ultimate limit state of shear

Example 1

A simply supported reinforced concrete rectangular beam of 6𝑚 span on 300𝑚𝑚 supports

carries 𝑤 = 108 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚 uniformly distributed design load. The beam dimensions
300𝑚𝑚𝑥540𝑚𝑚(𝑏𝑥𝑑). Design the given beam for the shear. Use strength class 𝐶30/37
concrete and 𝑆 − 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎 for steel reinforcement.

Solution

Step 1: Load analysis

𝑤𝐿 108 ∗ 6
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 324𝑘𝑁
2 2

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𝑤𝐿2 108 ∗ 62
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 486𝑘𝑁𝑚
8 8

Step 2: Determine design constants

𝛼𝑐𝑐 ∗𝑓𝑐𝑘
Material: 𝐶30/37 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 30𝑀𝑝𝑎 𝑓𝑐𝑑 = 𝛾𝑐

The recommended value of 𝛼𝑐𝑐 = 0.85 [Refer ES EN1992:2015 Section 3.1.6 (1)]

For persistent and transient design situation 𝛾𝑐 = 1.5 [Refer ES EN1992:2015 Section
2.4.2.4(1)]

0.85∗𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.85∗30
𝑓𝑐𝑑 = = = 17𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝛾𝑐 1.5

2⁄ 2⁄
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑘 = 0.3 ∗ (𝑓𝑐𝑘 ) 3 = 0.3 ∗ (30) 3 ≈ 2.9𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑘0.05 = 0.7 ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑘 = 0.7 ∗ 2.9 = 2𝑀𝑃𝑎

0.85∗𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑘,0.05 0.85∗2
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑑 = = = 1.333𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛾𝑐 1.5

𝑓𝑦𝑘
Steel: 𝑆 − 500 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 500𝑀𝑝𝑎 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = 𝛾𝑠

For persistent and transient design situation 𝛾𝑠 = 1.15 [Refer ES EN1992:2015 Section
2.4.2.4(1)]

𝑓𝑦𝑘 500
𝑓𝑦𝑑 = = 1.15 = 434.78𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛾𝑠

𝑓𝑦𝑑 434.78
𝐸𝑠 = 200,000𝑀𝑝𝑎 𝜀𝑦𝑑 = = 200,000 = 0.002174 = 2.174‰
𝐸𝑠

Step 3: Calculate design shear force 𝑉𝐸𝑑 at 𝑑 distance from the face support

Shear @ the center of support: 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 324𝑘𝑁

𝑤𝐿 108 ∗ 6
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 324𝑘𝑁
2 2

Shear @ the face of support 𝑉𝐸𝑓 :

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By using similarity of triangles:

0𝑚 324𝑘𝑁

0.15𝑚 𝑉𝐸𝑓

3𝑚 0𝑘𝑁

0.15 − 0 𝑉𝐸𝑓 − 324

= → 𝑉𝐸𝑓 = 308𝑘𝑁
3 − 0.15 0 − 𝑉𝐸𝑓

Or 𝑉𝐸𝑓 = 324 − 108 ∗ 0.15 = 308𝑘𝑁

Similarly, the design shear force 𝑉𝐸𝑑 at 𝑑 distance from the face support

0𝑚 324𝑘𝑁

0.69𝑚 𝑉𝐸𝑑

3𝑚 0𝑘𝑁

0.69 − 0 𝑉𝐸𝑑 − 324

= → 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 250𝑘𝑁
3 − 0.69 0 − 𝑉𝐸𝑑

Or 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 324 − 108 ∗ 0.69 = 250𝑘𝑁

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Step 4: Check concrete strut capacity 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 at the face of beam supports

The recommended limits angle 𝜃 are 1 ≤ cot 𝜃 ≤ 2.5. Refer ESEN 1992-1-1:2015 section
6.2.3(2)

Assuming cot 𝜃 = 2.5 → 𝜃 = 22°

As per ES EN 1992:2015 section 6.2.3(3)

𝜶𝒄𝒘 𝒃𝒘 𝒁𝒗𝟏 𝒇𝒄𝒅

𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒎𝒂𝒙 =
𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽

Where 𝒗𝟏 is a strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear

The recommended value of 𝒗𝟏 is 𝑣

𝒇𝒄𝒌
𝑣 = 𝒗𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟔 (𝟏 − ) 𝒇𝒄𝒌 𝒊𝒏 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝟐𝟓𝟎

𝟑𝟎
𝑣 = 𝒗𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟔 (𝟏 − ) = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐𝟖𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝟐𝟓𝟎

𝜶𝒄𝒘 is a coefficient taking account of the state of the stress in the compression chord

The recommended value of 𝜶𝒄𝒘 = 𝟏. 𝟎 for non-pre-stressed structures.

𝒁 is the inner lever arm for a member with constant depth corresponding to the bending moment
in the element under consideration.

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In the shear analysis of reinforced concrete without axial force, the approximate value 𝒁 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝒅
may normally be used.

𝟏 ∗ 𝟑𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟗 ∗ 𝟓𝟒𝟎 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟕

𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒎𝒂𝒙 = = 𝟒𝟓𝟏. 𝟐𝟕𝟔𝒌𝑵 > 𝑽𝑬𝒇 = 𝟑𝟎𝟖𝒌𝑵 𝑶𝒌
𝟐. 𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟒

If 𝑽𝑬𝒇 < 𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒎𝒂𝒙 for cot 𝜃 = 1 and 𝑽𝑬𝒅 < 𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒎𝒂𝒙 for cot 𝜃 = 2.5 then the angle 𝜃 value
should be the minimum which is cot 𝜃 = 2.5 or 𝜃 = 22° .

If 𝑽𝑬𝒇 < 𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒎𝒂𝒙 for cot 𝜃 = 1 and 𝑽𝑬𝒇 > 𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒎𝒂𝒙 for cot 𝜃 = 2.5, then the angle 𝜃 value is
between 22° and 45° . It should be determined by the following equation by equating
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑉𝐸𝑓

𝑽𝑬𝒇
𝜃 = 0.5𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 [ ]
𝑓
0.153𝑏𝑤 𝑑𝑓𝑐𝑘 (1 − 𝑐𝑘 )
250

If 𝑽𝑬𝒇 > 𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒎𝒂𝒙 , then the section has to be increased.

Step 5: Check whether shear links required

Design shear force at 𝑑 distance from the face support 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 250𝑘𝑁

Design shear resistance of concrete (𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 ):

1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ]𝑏𝑤 𝑑

0.18 0.18
𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = = = 0.12 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑐 1.5

200 200
𝑘 =1+√ = 1 + √540 = 1.60858 < 2.0 𝑂𝑘
𝑑

Assuming all the tension reinforcement is taken onto supports and anchored:

𝜋(24)2
As1 3∗
4
ρ1 = b = 300𝑥540 = 0.0084 < 0.02 𝑂𝑘
wd

𝜎𝑐𝑝 = 0

𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035𝑘 3/2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1/2 = 0.035(1.60858)3/2 (30)1/2 = 0.391𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

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1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ]𝑏𝑤 𝑑

1
= [0.12 𝑥 1.60858(100 𝑥 0.0084 𝑥 30)3 ] 300𝑥 540

= 91.78𝑘𝑁 > (𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 )𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.091 𝑥 300 𝑥 540 = 14.744𝑘𝑁

Since 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 < 𝑉𝐸𝑑 , shear reinforcement must be provided.

Step 6: Design shear links

𝐴𝑠𝑤 𝑉𝐸𝑑 250 ∗ 103

= = = 0.475𝑚𝑚
𝑠 0.78𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑑 cot 𝜃 0.78 ∗ 500 ∗ 540 ∗ 2.5

𝜋∗82
Use 𝜙8𝑚𝑚 as shear links 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = = 50.26𝑚𝑚2 for one legs of the link.
4

𝜋∗82
Thus, for two legs of the link, 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 2 ∗ = 101𝑚𝑚2
4

𝐴
𝑠𝑤 101
Spacing 𝑠 = 0.475 = 0.475 = 212.706𝑚𝑚

Maximum spacing 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑 (assuming the use of vertical links) [𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑆 𝐸𝑁 1992 −
1 − 1: 2015 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 9.2.2]

𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑 = 0.75 ∗ 540 = 405𝑚𝑚

→∴ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑠 = 212.706𝑚𝑚. For practical convenience, 𝑠 = 200𝑚𝑚

∴Provide 𝜙8𝑚𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠 @200𝑚𝑚 𝑐/𝑐

Step 7: Minimum shear reinforcement 𝜌𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝜌𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (0.08√𝑓𝑐𝑘 )/𝑓𝑦𝑘 = (0.08√30)/500 = 0.000876

𝜌𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠𝑤 /(𝑠𝑏𝑤 sin 𝛼) (assuming the use of vertical links)

𝐴𝑠𝑤
= 0.000876 𝑥 300 𝑥 1 = 0.26𝑚𝑚
𝑠

𝜋∗82
Use 𝜙8𝑚𝑚 as shear links 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = = 50.26𝑚𝑚2 for one legs of the link.
4

𝜋∗82
Thus, for two legs of the link, 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 2 ∗ = 101𝑚𝑚2
4

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𝐴𝑠𝑤 101
Spacing 𝑠 = 0.26 = 0.26 = 384.166𝑚𝑚

Maximum spacing of links 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 (assuming the use of vertical links) [𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑆 𝐸𝑁 1992 −
1 − 1: 2015 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 9.2.2]

𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑 = 0.75 ∗ 540 = 405𝑚𝑚

∴ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑠 = 384.166𝑚𝑚. For practical convenience, 𝑠 = 350𝑚𝑚

∴Provide 𝜙8𝑚𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠 @350𝑚𝑚 𝑐/𝑐

Step 8: Calculate the shear resistance of minimum shear reinforcement

𝐴𝑠𝑤 101
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑠 = 0.78𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑑 cot 𝜃 ( ) = 0.78 ∗ 500 ∗ 540 ∗ 2.5 ( ) = 151𝑘𝑁
𝑠 350

By using similarity of triangles:

0𝑚 324𝑘𝑁

𝑥 151𝑘𝑁

3𝑚 0𝑘𝑁

𝑥 − 0 151 − 324
= → 𝑥 = 1.6𝑚
3−𝑥 0 − 151

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Step 9: Detailing of shear reinforcement

Example 2

A 450 𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑝 × 300 𝑚𝑚 wide rectangular beam is required to support office loads of 𝑔𝑘 =
30.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 and 𝑞𝑘 = 11.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 including its self-weight over 2 𝑛𝑜. 6 𝑚 spans. Design the
beam for shear using 𝐶30/37, 𝑆 − 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Assume 300 𝑚𝑚 wide supports.

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Solution

Step 1: Determination of design load 𝑤

Total dead load 𝑔𝑘 = 30.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Live load 𝑞𝑘 = 11.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Design load 𝑤 = 1.35𝑔𝑘 + 1.5𝑞𝑘 = 1.35 ∗ 30.2 + 1.5 ∗ 11.5 = 58.02 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

Step 2: Load analysis

Step 3: Determine design constants

0.85𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.85𝑥30
For 𝐶30/37 concrete: 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 → 𝑓𝑐𝑑 = = = 17 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛾𝑐 1.5

→ 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑘 = 0.3𝑓𝑐𝑘 2/3 = 0.3(30)2/3 = 2.9 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑓𝑦𝑘 500
For 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎 → 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = = 1.15 = 434.78 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛾𝑠

Step 4: Calculate design shear force 𝑉𝐸𝑑 at 𝑑 distance from the face support

Shear @ the center of support

At support A and C

3𝑤𝐿 3 ∗ 58.02 ∗ 6
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 130.6𝑘𝑁
8 8

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At support B

5𝑤𝐿 5 ∗ 58.02 ∗ 6
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 217.6𝑘𝑁
8 8

Shear @ the face of support 𝑉𝐸𝑓 and @ 𝑑 distance from the face of support are shown below

Step 5: Check concrete strut capacity 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 at the face of beam supports

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The recommended limits angle 𝜃 are 1 ≤ cot 𝜃 ≤ 2.5. Refer ESEN 1992-1-1:2015 section
6.2.3(2)

Assuming cot 𝜃 = 2.5 → 𝜃 = 22°

As per ES EN 1992:2015 section 6.2.3(3)

𝜶𝒄𝒘 𝒃𝒘 𝒁𝒗𝟏 𝒇𝒄𝒅

𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒎𝒂𝒙 =
𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽

Where 𝒗𝟏 is a strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear

The recommended value of 𝒗𝟏 is 𝑣

𝒇𝒄𝒌
𝑣 = 𝒗𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟔 (𝟏 − ) 𝒇𝒄𝒌 𝒊𝒏 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝟐𝟓𝟎

𝟑𝟎
𝑣 = 𝒗𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟔 (𝟏 − ) = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐𝟖𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝟐𝟓𝟎

𝜶𝒄𝒘 is a coefficient taking account of the state of the stress in the compression chord

The recommended value of 𝜶𝒄𝒘 = 𝟏. 𝟎 for non-pre-stressed structures.

𝒁 is the inner lever arm for a member with constant depth corresponding to the bending moment
in the element under consideration.

In the shear analysis of reinforced concrete without axial force, the approximate value 𝒁 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝒅
may normally be used.

𝟏 ∗ 𝟑𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟗 ∗ 𝟑𝟗𝟒 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟕

𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒎𝒂𝒙 = = 𝟑𝟐𝟗. 𝟐𝟔𝟒𝒌𝑵 > 𝑽𝑬𝒇 = 𝟑𝟎𝟖𝒌𝑵 𝑶𝒌
𝟐. 𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟒

Step 6: Check whether shear links required

Support A and C

Design shear force at 𝑑 distance from the face support 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 99𝑘𝑁

Design shear resistance of concrete (𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 ):

1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ]𝑏𝑤 𝑑

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0.18 0.18
𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = = = 0.12𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑐 1.5

200 200
𝑘 =1+√ = 1 + √394 = 1.71247 < 2.0 𝑂𝑘
𝑑

Assuming all the tension reinforcement is taken onto supports and anchored:

𝜋(26)2
As1 2∗
4
ρ1 = b = 300𝑥394 = 0.009 < 0.02 𝑂𝑘
wd

𝜎𝑐𝑝 = 0

𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035𝑘 3/2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1/2 = 0.035(1.71247)3/2 (30)1/2 = 0.43𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ]𝑏𝑤 𝑑

1
= [0.12 𝑥 1.71247(100 𝑥 0.009 𝑥 30)3 ] 300𝑥 394

= 72.869𝑘𝑁 > (𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 )𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.43 𝑥 300 𝑥 394 = 50.826𝑘𝑁

Since 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 < 𝑉𝐸𝑑 , shear reinforcement must be provided.

Step 7: Design shear links

Support A and C

Shear at end support = 130.6 𝑘𝑁

Design Shear Force, 𝑉𝐸𝑑 at distance d from the face of the support = 99𝑘𝑁

𝐴𝑠𝑤 𝑉𝐸𝑑 99 ∗ 103

= = = 0.2577𝑚𝑚
𝑠 0.78𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑑 cot 𝜃 0.78 ∗ 500 ∗ 394 ∗ 2.5

𝜋∗82
Use 𝜙8𝑚𝑚 as shear links 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = = 50.26𝑚𝑚2 for one legs of the link.
4

𝜋∗82
Thus, for two legs of the link, 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 2 ∗ = 101𝑚𝑚2
4

𝑠𝑤 𝐴 101
Spacing 𝑠 = 0.475 = 0.2577 = 391.91𝑚𝑚

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Department of Civil Engineering Reinforced Concrete Structures I

Maximum spacing 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑 (assuming the use of vertical links) [𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑆 𝐸𝑁 1992 −
1 − 1: 2015 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 9.2.2]

𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑 = 0.75 ∗ 394 = 295.5𝑚𝑚

𝑠 > 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 →∴ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑠 = 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 295.5𝑚𝑚. For practical convenience, 𝑠 = 250𝑚𝑚

∴Provide 𝜙8𝑚𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠 @250𝑚𝑚 𝑐/𝑐

Support B

Shear at end support = 217.6𝑘𝑁

Design Shear Force, 𝑉𝐸𝑑 at distance d from the face of the support = 99𝑘𝑁

𝐴𝑠𝑤 𝑉𝐸𝑑 186 ∗ 103

= = = 0.484𝑚𝑚
𝑠 0.78𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑑 cot 𝜃 0.78 ∗ 500 ∗ 394 ∗ 2.5

𝜋∗82
Use 𝜙8𝑚𝑚 as shear links 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = = 50.26𝑚𝑚2 for one legs of the link.
4

𝜋∗82
Thus, for two legs of the link, 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 2 ∗ = 101𝑚𝑚2
4

𝐴
𝑠𝑤 101
Spacing 𝑠 = 0.475 = 0.484 = 208.6𝑚𝑚

Maximum spacing 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑 (assuming the use of vertical links) [𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑆 𝐸𝑁 1992 −
1 − 1: 2015 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 9.2.2]

𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑 = 0.75 ∗ 394 = 295.5𝑚𝑚

∴ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑠 = 208.6𝑚𝑚. For practical convenience, 𝑠 = 200𝑚𝑚

∴Provide 𝜙8𝑚𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠 @200𝑚𝑚 𝑐/𝑐

Step 8: Minimum shear reinforcement 𝜌𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝜌𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (0.08√𝑓𝑐𝑘 )/𝑓𝑦𝑘 = (0.08√30)/500 = 0.000876

𝜌𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠𝑤 /(𝑠𝑏𝑤 sin 𝛼) (assuming the use of vertical links)

𝐴𝑠𝑤
= 0.000876 𝑥 300 𝑥 1 = 0.26𝑚𝑚
𝑠

RC Beam design for shear by Wendimu T. Page 13

Department of Civil Engineering Reinforced Concrete Structures I

𝜋∗82
Use 𝜙8𝑚𝑚 as shear links 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = = 50.26𝑚𝑚2 for one legs of the link.
4

𝜋∗82
Thus, for two legs of the link, 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 2 ∗ = 101𝑚𝑚2
4

𝐴𝑠𝑤 101
Spacing 𝑠 = 0.26 = 0.26 = 384.166𝑚𝑚

Maximum spacing of links 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 (assuming the use of vertical links) [𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑆 𝐸𝑁 1992 −
1 − 1: 2015 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 9.2.2] 𝜙8𝑚𝑚 @250𝑚𝑚 𝑐/𝑐

𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑 = 0.75 ∗ 394 = 295.5𝑚𝑚

𝑠 > 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 →∴ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑠 = 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 295.5𝑚𝑚. For practical convenience, 𝑠 = 250𝑚𝑚

∴Provide 𝜙8𝑚𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠 @250𝑚𝑚 𝑐/𝑐

Step 9: Calculate the shear resistance of minimum shear reinforcement

𝐴𝑠𝑤 101
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑠 = 0.78𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑑 cot 𝜃 ( ) = 0.78 ∗ 500 ∗ 394 ∗ 2.5 ( ) = 131.30𝑘𝑁
𝑠 295.5

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Department of Civil Engineering Reinforced Concrete Structures I

Step 10: Detailing of shear reinforcement

RC Beam design for shear by Wendimu T. Page 15