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Kidney Function
Tests
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www.reallygreatsite.com Labeena Waqar Basra
 KIDNEY FUNCTION
Urinalysis
TESTS
Kidney function tests are a group
of tests that are used to evaluate
how well the kidneys are
functioning. These tests can help
diagnose kidney disease, monitor
the progression of the disease, and
What is it...
evaluate the effectiveness of
treatment.
Urinalysis is a common medical test that
In this booklet a select few are
mentioned. involves analyzing a person's urine to

e GFR evaluate various aspects of their health.

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, is used
There are several benefits to getting a
to determine kidney disease and if so which urinalysis, such as; evaluating kidney
stage. It measures the kidney's ability to
filter toxins or waste form the body. function, monitoring diabetes, checking for
A very low level may indicate kidney failure,
UTI, checking for other medical conditions
which can require dialysis or kidney
transplant. etc.
A high level of eGFR, >149 is called
Glomerular Hyperfiltration, a marker for
early renal damage in pre-diabetic and pre-
hypertension.

DIFFERENCES The test performed in

For calculating eGFR we need a simple a general urinalyses
blood test, serum creatinine, age,

e GFR AND
gender, ethnicity etc.
eGFR is an estimated value of GFR via a
GFR ARE
formula, and it is not as accurate
GFR is considered gold standard to
NOT evaluate kidney function
GFR requires a special procedure and
SAME. is more reliable as it directly measures
filter rate.
1.Physical examination: evaluates colour, odor, clarity
2. Chemical examination: glucose, ketones, bilirubin, proteins, nitrites
3. Microscopic examination: WBCs, RBCs, bacteria etc.
4. Specific gravity: concentration of urine
5. pH: acidity or alkalinity
6. Urine culture: to detect UTI (urinary tract infection)
7. Creatinine: to check creatinine levels
There are some specific tests that are told for further
diagnosing.
 SPOT URINE/CREATININE RATIO
BUN and Serum Urea It is a test to measure the amount of protein in a
person's urine. It measures the amount of creatinine
BUN is a test used to measure urea nitrogen in blood. Serum
Urea is a test used to measure urea levels in blood. If both tests to the amoutn of protein in a urine sample.
measure levels of urea what is the difference?
This test is used to
SERUM CREATININE monitor individuals with
Serum urea, specifically measures the amount of urea in the blood. This test is Creatinine is a waste product that the CKD. (chronic kidney
often used to evaluate kidney function, as the kidneys are responsible for body makes when the muscles are used. it disease.) This test can
filtering urea out of the blood and excreting it in urine. However, like the BUN is also made when the body digests mead. be performed on a
test which measure the nitrogen in the blood, serum urea levels can also be Healthy kidneys remove creatinine from single sample of urine at
affected by factors such as hydration status and protein intake.
the blood and it leaves the body via urine. any time of the day
So while the BUN and serum urea tests are related and often used together to
evaluate kidney function, they are not exactly the same test.
CREATINE is found in fish and meat, it is hence the name, "spot"
also made in the body in liver, kidneys and urine. This test is more
pancreas. It is converted into creatinine reliable than simple
phosphate and stored in muscles where it proteinuria test because
SERUM UREA BUN is used for energy. Serum creatinine is it involves urine as well
Reflects protein metabolism Reflects kidney function often used to evaluate kidney function. It
Their relevant measurements are also The measurement used for BUN is 7-
as blood sample analysis.
is used to measure GFR.
different; 2.5-7.8 mmol/L 22 mg/dL
Molecular weight is 60,(~2X more) Molecular weight of BUN is 28

A high level of can Simple There are certain

SIMPLE ANALOGY TO UNDERSTAND indicate kidney proteinuria medication that can
A urea molecule contains two nitrogen atoms. Urea has the chemical formula affect the serum
dysfunction or disease test can be creatinine test and
CO(NH2)2, which means that it contains one carbon atom, two oxygen atoms, and while low levels can
two nitrogen atoms. indicate decreased muscle affected by: health care providers
If there is one urea molecule present in the blood, the serum urea test would mass or other medical 1. urine concentration, say to abstain from
2. hydration status and
measure the amount of urea in the blood as one urea molecule. However, the BUN conditions. 3. time of the day them before taking
test would measure the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from the urea the test, such as:
molecule, and since one urea molecule contains two nitrogen atoms, the BUN test Cimetidine,
would measure the blood urea nitrogen level as 2. famotidines and
So, the serum urea test measures the amount of Women have lower creatinine than ranitidines as well as
urea in the blood, while the BUN test measures the men due to lower muscle mass. certain antibiotics
amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from the like cefoxitin etc.
breakdown of urea.