Department of Education

10 National Capital Region

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 1
Behavior of Gases

Guiller P. Belen
Daniel C. Villanueva

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 0
 What I Need to Know

The purpose of this module is to help you understand how gases behave
based on the motion and relative distances between gas particles. The module
contains a lesson: Behavior of Gases.
After going through this module, you are expected to investigate and
explain the relationship between the properties of gases using kinetic
molecular theory.
Specifically, you are expected to:
● state the Kinetic Molecular Theory;
● investigate the relationship between volume and pressure at constant
temperature of gas;
● investigate the relationship between volume and temperature at a constant
pressure of gas;
● explain volume-pressure and volume-temperature relationships using the
kinetic molecular theory; and
● solve sample problems involving Gas Laws.

What I Know

Read each item carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. If a balloon is squeezed, what happens to the pressure of the gas inside the
balloon?
A. It increases.
B. It decreases.
C. It stays the same.
D. The pressure depends on the type of gas in the balloon.

2. According to Charles’ Law as the volume occupied of a given sample of gas

at constant pressure is decreased, the temperature will
A. increase.
B. decrease.
C. become zero.
D. The change cannot be predicted.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 1
3. If a sample of helium gas has a volume of 120 mL and a pressure of 850
mm Hg, what is the new volume if the pressure is changed to 425 mm Hg?
A. 60 mL
B. 120 mL
C. 240 mL
D. The change cannot be predicted.

4. Which statement best explains why a hot-air balloon rises when the air in
the balloon is heated?
A. Hot air rises inside the balloon, and this lifts the balloon.
B. The temperature of the gas is directly related to its pressure. The
pressure therefore increases, and this lifts the balloon.
C. The temperature of a gas is directly related to its volume. Thus, the
volume of the balloon increases, making the density smaller. This lifts
the balloon.
D. Some of the gas escapes from the bottom of the balloon, thus decreasing
the mass of gas in the balloon. This decreases the density of the gas in
the balloon, which lifts the balloon.

5. Which phenomenon best illustrates Charles’ Law?

A. Carbon dioxide is dissolved in water.
B. Breathing apparatus being used by a patient
C. The leavening agent causing the fluffiness of cake products
D. Expansion of the balloon as it is being submerged in hot water

6. A balloon with a volume of 200mL at 30 °C is submerged in hot water to

obtain a temperature of 50 °C. Which of the following is expected to
happen to the volume of the balloon if the pressure is kept constant?
A. The volume of the balloon will become higher than 200 mL.
B. The volume of the balloon will become lower than 200 mL.
C. The volume of the balloon will stay the same.
D. There is not enough data.

7. Why is gas easier to compress than liquid and solid?

A. The volume increases more under pressure than an equal volume of
solid does.
B. Its volume increases more under pressure than an equal volume of
liquid does.
C. The volume of gas particles is larger compared to the overall volume
occupied by the gas.
D. The space between gas particles is much larger than the space between
liquid or solid particles.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 2
8. Consider a 1.0 L container of Neon gas at 273 K and 1 atm. In which of the
following conditions will the average kinetic energy increase?
I. The temperature increased to 1000 °C.
II. The temperature is decreased to 500 °C.
III. The volume has decreased to 0.5 L.
IV. The number of moles of neon is doubled.
A. I only B. II only C. I and III D. I, II, and IV

9. When the Kelvin temperature of an enclosed gas doubles, how do the

particles of the gas move at a certain temperature?
A. Move faster
B. Decrease in volume
C. Decrease in average kinetic energy
D. Strike the walls of the container with less force

10. Which type of gas is the basis for the kinetic-molecular theory?
A. Real gas
B. Ideal gas
C. Perfect gas
D. Smelly gas

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 3
Lesson Behavior of Gases

What’s In

Identify the term being described.

1. Force exerted on an area

S

2. Amount of space an object occupies

L

3. Average kinetic energy of the gas particles

P

4. Number of atoms contained in the substance

A U

What’s New
OBSERVING THE BEHAVIOR OF GASES

You will need:

Balloon
Pen and paper

Procedures: (Do this at daytime)

1. Inflate the balloon.
2. Place the balloon under the sun.
3. Observe what happens.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 4
Guide Questions:
1. Describe the balloon before and after the exposure to the sun.

2. Illustrate your observations inside

the box. You may use these guides:
dots or small circles = gas particles
arrow = direction of the motion of
gas particles
shorter arrow =slower movement
longer arrow = faster movement

VOLUME VS. PRESSURE

Procedures:
1. Analyze Table 1 showing the relationship of pressure and volume at
constant temperature and amount of substance.
2. Construct a graph by plotting pressure against volume.
3. Answer the questions that follow.
Table 1. Data on Pressure and Volume Title of the Graph: _______________________

Pressure Volume
(atm) (mL)

1.0 10.0

2.0 5.0

3.0 3.3

4.0 2.5

5.0 2.0

6.0 1.6

7.0 1.4

Guide Questions:
1. As the pressure increases, what happens to the volume?

2. What relationship exists between pressure and volume at the same amount
of gas and constant temperature?

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 5
VOLUME VS. TEMPERATURE

Procedures:
1. Analyze Table 2 which shows the relationship of volume and temperature at
constant pressure and amount of substance.
2. Construct a graph by plotting volume against temperature.
3. Answer the questions that follow.
Table 2. Data on Volume and Temperature
Title of the Graph: _______________________
Volume Temperature
(mL) (K)

5.0 100.0

10.0 200.0

15.0 300.0

20.0 400.0

25.0 500.0

30.0 600.0

35.0 700.0

Guide Questions:
1. As the volume increases, what happens to the temperature?

2. What relationship exists between volume and temperature at the same amount
of gas and constant pressure?

What Is It

Kinetic Molecular Theory

While doing the activity, you have noticed that gases exhibit changes in
behavior if they are subjected to changes in temperature. These behaviors may be
explained through the Kinetic Molecular Theory which has the following
assumptions:

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 6
 1. The volume of the individual particles of a gas is so small that it is
incomparable to the volume of the gas itself.
2. These particles are in constant random motion which moves in a
straight line until it hits another particle or a wall.
3. These particles have no force of attraction on each other or on the wall.
4. When two particles collide or a particle hits a wall, the total kinetic
energy is conserved. No energy is gained or lost by the particle.
5. The absolute temperature affects the kinetic energy of the particles, the
higher the temperature, the higher the average kinetic energy of gas
particles. This means that at absolute zero, the particles’ motion stops.

Figure 1. Gas Particles (A) moving particles in a constant random straight line; (B) the particles are not affected by
each other; (C) gas particle showing elastic collision; (D) gas particle after an increase in temperature

These assumptions are true for ideal gases but may still be applied in real
gases. Ideal gases are hypothetical gases that follow these assumptions. Also,
Kinetic molecular theory supports the different gas laws that explain the
relationship among the properties of gases.

Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s law states that the volume of a fixed quantity of gas maintained at
constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure.
1
𝑃 ∝
𝑉
When two measurements are inversely proportional, one gets smaller as the
other gets larger.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 7
 Boyle’s law can be expressed in mathematical terms:

𝑃 𝑉 = 𝑘 or 𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2

The value of the constant depends on the temperature and the amount of
gas in the sample.

Try to analyze and understand the example problem related to Boyle’s law:
A gas at 1.0 atm of pressure occupies a volume of 2.0 L. What is the new
volume occupied by the gas if the pressure is reduced to 0.5 atm? The temperature
and amount of gas are held constant.
Solution:
Given: (1.0 atm) (2.0 L) = (0.5 atm) V2
P1 = 1.0 atm
P2 = 0.5 atm (1.0 atm) (2.0 L)
V1 = 2.0 L 𝑉2 =
0.5 atm
V2 = ?
Answer:
Formula V2 = 4.0 L
𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2 The new volume occupied by the gas
P1 V1 when the pressure is changed from 1.0
V2 = atm to 0.5 at constant temperature
P2
and amount of gas atm is 4.0 L

The pressure V2 =
is (P1V1)/P2
determined by how
many times each particle hits the wall.
If the gas is contained in a small
volume with no change in temperature
and amount of substance, it is more
likely for the particle to hit the wall
many times as compared with gases
contained in larger volumes. Figure 2
shows that at the same number of
particles and the same temperature,
(a) (b)
there are more times these particles hit Figure 2. Gas particle contained in (a) small volume
the wall as depicted by the hollow and (b) large volume having the same number and
temperature.
circles at the walls. Inversely, when the
volume is large, the particles less likely to hit the walls, thus, lower pressure.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 8
Charles’ Law
Charles’ law states that the volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at
constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

𝑉 ∝ 𝑇

When two measurements are directly proportional, one increases as the

other increases.

Charles’ law can be expressed in mathematical terms below:

𝑉 𝑉1 𝑉
𝑇
= 𝑘 or 𝑇1
= 𝑇2
2

The value of the constant depends on the pressure and the amount of gas.

The Kelvin scale is also known as the absolute temperature scale. On this
scale, 0 K, which is called absolute zero, is equal to -273.15 C. The unit of
temperature to be used in Charles’ law is Kelvin.

Try to analyze and understand the example problem related to Charles’ law:
A gas occupies a volume of 10.0 L at 300.0 K under constant pressure and
amount of gas. If the temperature is increased to 500.0 K, what will be the new
volume occupied by the gas?

Given: Solution:
V1 = 10.0 L 10.0L 𝑉2
=
V2 = ? 300.0K 500.0𝐾
T1 = 300.0 K
T2 = 500.0 K
(10.0 L) (500.0 K)
𝑉2 =
300.0 K
Formula
𝑉1 𝑉2
=
𝑇1 𝑇2
Answer:
V2 = 16.67 L
The new volume occupied by the
gas when the temperature is
changed from 300.0 K to 500.0 K
under constant pressure and
amount of gas is 16.67 L.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 9
 As the temperature is increased in
the container, the particles are likely to
move faster and will hit the wall of the
container frequently. To keep the
pressure constant, the volume of the
container should increase, which is true
if the container is not rigid. Figure 3
shows that when the particles’
temperature is low it exerts lower
pressure on the walls of the container (a) (b)
but when the temperature is increased,
Figure 3. Gas particle contained in (a) small volume
the particle exerts more forces on the and (b) large volume having the same count and
wall which causes it to expand. This pressure but shows and increased in temperature
depicted by the size of the arrow.
expansion is to compensate for the
pressure that is to be held constant.

What’s More

Answer the following problems. Show your complete solution by following the GFSA
(Given, Formula, Solution, and Answer) method.
1. A balloon is filled with 100.0 L of air at 1.300 atm pressure. What pressure
is needed to change the volume to 25.00 L?

Given: Solution:

Formula: Answer:

2. A gas occupies 900.0 mL at a temperature of 300.0 K. What is the volume at

405.0 K?

Given: Solution:

Formula: Answer:

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 10
 What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions.

1. What does Kinetic Molecular Theory state?

2. What relationship exists between the volume and pressure of gases at

constant temperature?

3. What relationship exists between the volume and temperature of gases at

constant pressure?

What I Can Do
A. Fill in each blank with the appropriate word chosen from the given options in
the box below.
greater increases
compressed decreases

Boyle's Law explains how the volume of a gas varies with the
surrounding pressure. Scuba diving is one of the many applications where
the concept of the law is applied.

In diving, as a diver descends, the water pressure around him

___________, causing air in scuba equipment and lungs to become
___________. As he ascends, water pressure ___________, so the air in the
equipment and body expands to occupy a ___________ volume.

B. Fill in each blank with the appropriate word chosen from the given options in
the box below.
cooled heated pressure
rises temperature less dense

Hot air balloons follow Charles’ law. When the balloon is ___________
air inside it expands and then it ___________. The warm air in the balloon is
___________than the surrounding cool air at the same ___________. The
difference in density of the air inside and outside the balloon causes it to
ascend. Similarly, the balloon will descend when it is ___________.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 11
 Additional Activities
Answer the following problems. Show your complete solution by following the GFSA
(Given, Formula, Solution, and Answer) method.
1. What is the volume of a gas in a balloon that occupies 0.620 L at 298 K if
the temperature is lowered to 273 K?

2. If 25 mL of gas is compressed from 2.0 atm of pressure to 4.0 atm of

pressure, what is the new volume at constant temperature?

Read each item carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Jane can still pump air in the party balloon even though it is already inflated.
What explains this phenomenon?
A. Balloons look better if their size is bigger.
B. Balloons are made up of plastic.
C. The air inside the balloon is hot.
D. Air molecules can be compressed.

2. What happens to the lungs of a scuba diver as it moves closer to the

seafloor?
A. The lungs compress.
B. The lungs expand.
C. The lungs explode.
D. There is no change in the lungs.

3. Which phenomenon best illustrates Charles’ Law?

A. Carbon dioxide is dissolved in water.
B. Breathing apparatus being used by a patient
C. Leavening agent causing the fluffiness of cake products
D. Expansion of the balloon as it is being submerged in hot water

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 12
4. Records show that the incidence of tire explosion is high during the summer season.
Which of the following gives the best explanation for this observation?
A. There are more travelers during summer vacation.
B. Vehicles’ tires are not well maintained.
C. There is too much air inside the tires.
D. High temperature during the summer season causes the air inside the
tire to expand.

5. If the temperature of a fixed quantity of gas decreases and the pressure

remains unchanged,
A. its volume increases. C. its volume is unchanged.
B. its volume decreases. D. its volume is neglected.

6. How can you possibly prove that gases have negligible mass?
A. Put a balloon in a digital balance before and after you fill it with air.
B. Feel the weight of the samples on both hands.
C. Ask two persons to hold a box filled with air.
D. Support your claim through an equation.

7. What is NOT an assumption of the kinetic molecular theory to the motion of

the gas?
A. It moves in a straight-line motion. C. It moves in random motions.
B. It moves in a constant motion. D. It moves in a curved path.

8. Which is an assumption of the kinetic molecular theory?

A. The particles of gas have a distinct volume measured in mL.
B. The particles of gas attract one another via intermolecular forces.
C. The particles of gas collide and emit energy to the surroundings.
D. The speed of the particles in a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin
temperature.

9. A gas occupies a volume of 2.0 L at a pressure of 1.0 atm. If the volume of

the gas decreases to half of its original value, what is its new pressure if the
temperature remains unchanged?
A. 0.5 atm B. 1.0 atm C.1.5 atm D. 2.0 atm

10. The pressure of a gas is kept constant. If the initial temperature is doubled,
what will happen to the volume it occupies?
A. It will be doubled.
B. Nothing will change in the volume.
C. It will be the same value as the pressure.
D. It will decrease to half of its original value.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 13
 14 DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
City of Good Character
WHAT’S NEW WHAT’S MORE
Activity 1 2.2 L
The balloon 1,215 mL
WHAT’S IN
increases in size. WHAT I HAVE LEANRED
Pressure (your illustration Kinetic Molecular
Volume should show particles Theory states that gas
Temperature moving in random particles are in
Amount of direction. All lines constant motion and
Substance should be straight. exhibit perfectly
Activity 2 elastic collisions.
The volume Inverse
decreases. relationship
The relationship Direct
between volume and Relationship
pressure is inverse. WHAT I CAN DO
A.
Activity 3 Increases
As the volume Compressed
increases, Decreases
temperature also Greater
increases. B.
The relationship Heater
between volume and Rises
temperature is direct. Less Dense
Pressure
Cooled
Answer Key
Harlow, Essex, England: Pearson Education.
and Zemansky's university physics: With modern physics (pp. 1078-1151).
Young, H. D., Freedman, R. A., Ford, A. L., & Sears, F. W. (2014). In Sears
Brooks/Cole.
Serway, R. A., & Vuille, C. (2014). In College physics (pp. 732-782). Australia:
chemistry/chapter/kinetic-molecular-theory/
from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
Kinetic Molecular Theory | Boundless Chemistry (lumenlearning.com) retrieved
https://www.liveabout.com/boyles-law-and-scuba-diving-2962935
Gibb, Nathalie. How does Boyle’s Law Apply to Scuba Diving. Retrieved from
 Development Team of the Module

Writers: Guiller P. Belen

Daniel C. Villanueva

Content Editors: Alma B. Castaño

Edna R. Francisco
Jessica S. Mateo
Lei B. Penaflor

Language Editor: Merian A. Dizon

Cover Illustrator: Lian Joseph A. Domingo
Layout Artists: Guiller P. Belen
Jemwel Dela Paz
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Jessica S. Mateo
EPS-Science

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 15