SCIENCE 10 REVIEWER FOR 1ST SUMMATIVE TEST  Hotspot- concentration of the heat in the

mantle capable of creating magma

 Magma- mass of molten rock formed at depth,
 Two scientists who proposed the theory of including dissolved gases and crystals
Seafloor spreading: Harry Hess and Robert Dietz  Mt. Everest- highest mountain in the world
 Two main types of Seismic waves: Body wave  Plate tectonics give rise to several geologic
and surface wave features and events
 Suduction - process that describes how oceanic  S wave is the second type of Earthquake wave
crust plunges into the Earth and destroyed at to be recorded in a seismic station
the mantle  P waves can travel through liquids while S
 Athenosphere- soft, weak and plastic layer that waves cannot
facilitates the movement of the lithospheric  Love waves cause the most damage to
plate structures during an earthquake
 Crust and upper mantle makes up the Earth's  Coal beds were formed from the compaction
lithosphere and decomposition of swamp plants that lived
 Oxygen- most abundant element on earth's million years ago
crust  Mid ocean ridge serves as the origin of
 2.6 g/cm3- average density of the crust lithospheric movement
 India and Eurasia - plates that collided and  Inner core is the deepest layer of the Earth
formed the Himalayas  The age of rocks and the magnetic stripes in the
 When Two tectonic plates collide, the oceanic ocean floor support the seafloor spreading
crust usually subducts beneath the continental  Trenches are depression in the ocean floor
crust because it is denser that the continental caused by Subduction process
crust
 Convergence of two continental plates produces
 Convection current in the mantle is the driving no trench, no volcano and no island arc.
force that facilitates the movement of
 The outer core is made up of molten material
lithospheric plates
and accounts for the Earth’s magnetic field
 Magnetic reversal is also called magnetic flip.
 The mantle is the middle layer of the Earth
 Findings that support the Seafloor spreading
 Seafloor spreading is believed to occur as hot
theory:
magma rises at the rift in the mid-ocean ridge
(1) Rocks are younger at the mid-ocean ridge.
 The old seafloor is destroyed at the subduction
(2) Rocks far from the mid-ocean ridge are
zone and melts inside the mantle
older.
 The Theory of Plate Tectonics helps explain the
(3) Sediments are thinner at the ridge.
formation and destruction of the Earth’s crust
(4) Rocks at the ocean floor are younger that
and its movement over time
those at the continents
 Divergent boundary is formed when plates
 Laurasia and Gondwanaland- two
move apart, creating a zone of tension
supercontinents that were formed from the
 Convergent boundary is present when two
breakage of Pangea
plates collide
 Rayleigh wave- type of surface wave where
 Transform fault is characterized by plates that
most of the shaking from an earthquake is felt.
are sliding past each other
 Alfred Wegener- German meteorologist who
proposed the Continental Drifting Theory
Difference between surface waves and body
 Fossils- preserved remains or traces of
waves:
organisms from the remote past
 Earthquake- vibration of Earth due to rapid
Surface waves can only travel through the
release of energy
surface of the Earth while body waves can travel
 Tsunami- Japanese term for "harbor wave" and through the Earth’s inner layer
is a series of ocean waves with very long
wavelengths caused by large scale disturbances
of the ocean
 Crust- the thinnest and the outermost layer of
the Earth that extends from the surface to
about 32 kilometers below.
 Pangea- supercontinent that consisted of all the
present continents
Type of Boundary Relative motion of the plates Geologic events/features

Convergent plates move towards each other volcano, volcanic island arc,
trench, tsunamis, earthquakes,
mountains

Divergent plates move away each other rift valleys, oceanic ridges,
earthquakes

Transform fault plates move alongside each other earthquakes

Coverage for Science 10 1st quarter exam:

Module 1: Plate Tectonics

pages 3-37 (Science Book)

Module 2: The Earth’s Interior

pages 39-79 (Science Book)

Type of Exam:

Multiple choice, Identification, True or False, Complete the Table and Essay

Study hard and Best of LUCK!

Ma’am Debbie