to shrinkage OF limber and get casily attacked the presence of many surfaces and angles. 16.4. CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS Various types of joints used in wood work m under the following heads : Lengthening joints, Widening joints or side joints. Bearing joints. Framing joints, Angle or corner joints. Oblique shouldered joints. 16.5. LENGTHENING JOINTS These are also known as spliced or longitudinal joints. = joints are used to increase the length of wood members, such ties, struts, etc. The method of lengthening depends upon the si of the member in a framed structure, where such joints are c required. Lengthening joints are of the following types : 1. Lapped joints. 2. Fished joints. 3. Scarfed or spliced joints. siabled joints. AEN npics elec of joint, formed by nigel the t jhe other for a short distance 4sia ELEVATION Strap Puan (e) Straps ond Bolts, (b) Mild Steet Botts FIG, 161. LAPPED JOINT. 2. Fished Joint Tn this joint, the ends of the two members are cut square ‘and placed touching each other (or butted). They are then jointed together placing wooden or iron fish plates on opposite faces and securing these by passing bolts through them, as shown in Fig. 16.2(a). ‘The ends of fish plates are slightly bent and then pressed into the Metal Fish Plote woosen Plote Mord wood Key FIG. 162, FISHED JOINTS.316 3. Scarfed or spliced joint In this joint, projections are made in the and corresponding depressions are formed in the o two pieces are then secured together by means of b¢ plates and keys. Such joints give good appearance since depth of the member is obtained. Various forms of are shown in Fig. 163. 4, Tabled joints These joints are formed when the member is both tension as well as compression. It is similar to ‘but is formed by cutting special shape in both the pieces and) them with fish plates, bolts, Keys etc, as shown in Fig. 16.4. WIDENING JOINTS These joints are also called side joints or used for extending the width of boards or planks. The: KZZZAR (a! Butt Joint @ Lp WN CL (e) Rederes ond Fileted jin fe) Tongues and Grooves joint | LLY.? rere enney Pe edge to edge. These are used for wooden doors, floors are places PEE the followin types : ac. THY putt Joints ( Fig, 16.5 a), It is also known as square, pan ox ordinary in ; 1 itebated joint (Fig. 16.5 6). It i formed by overlapping ipo ext pons, The jont remains dust proof afer shrinkage of ber. Umber rebated and flleted joint (Fig. 16.5 c). It is formed by iavosucng wooden filet nthe bated portion, having small depres ina sed {or floors of factories ete ploughed and tongued joint (Fig. 165 d). It is formed ay inveducing wooden fillet in the grooves cut in the two pices, 9 Fa Fongued and grooved joint ( Fig. 16.5 ¢). It is formed ay making filet in one pce and groove in the ote ey gebated, tongued and grooved joint (Fig 16.5 f). It formed by forming 4 rebate in addition to tongue and groove, Nail formigoed in such away that it cannot be seen ‘Splayed joint (Fig. 165 g). It is formed by splaying the ends, The join is used only for ordinary purposes, but is superior to butt joint. 3. Dowelled joint (Fig. 165 h). It is formed by making of end of each piece and inserting grooves in the centre portion sions of slate, gun-metal brass bronze or copper. This is very strong joint 9, Matched and beaded joint (Fig. 16.5) This joint is formed by tongue and groove arrangement, and has special moulding on one side to give good appearance. 10. Matched and Y-Jointed joint (Fig. 16.5 j). This is similar to the beaded. joint, except that it is chamfered in the shape Of e 11. Dovetailed Joint (Fig, 16.5). It is formed by providing: key of dovetail shape 10 fit in the corresponding grooves i the connecting. members. 16.7. BEARING JOINTS Bearing joints are provided when two ment angles, 10 give sufficient strength to the functions: | are of the following types : 1. Halved joints. These joints are formed by cuIUnE hhalf the depth of each member meeting at right angles £0, Surfaces of both the members Mush, Fig, 166 (2) 50 ints. Fig. 16.6 (b) shows bevel joint. F halved joint. Figs. 16.6 (4) and (€) show ‘and tee halved joints.(b) Bevel Holved 12) Angle Halves (a) Ana “ha Jala I<" = (4) Longitudinal Halves Joint FIG. 166. 2. Notched Joint. It is formed by forming ne {c) Single Notched5. Chase-mortise joint (Fig. 16.9 b). This is us a subsidiary member toa primary (malt) member A chase ot recess of wedge shape is formed while a tenon of corresponding shape is member. 6. Dovetailed joint. Figs. 16.9 (c) and (dy of dovetailed joints. The joint is formed by cut or flaring shaped pieces from each member and by ho projection of one member into the other. This joint curbs of skylights, and corners of boxes, cabinets, drawers « 7. Mortise and tenon joint (Fig. 16.9 e). The joint is fos by cutting projection, Known as tongue or tenon, in one which fits into slot, called mortise, cut into the other mei 8. Joggle or stump or stub tenon joint (Fig. 16.9 f). This is used for framing studs into the sill of a wooden partition all. It is similar to mortise-tenon joint except that tenon is sI in length, and docs not extend for full depth of mortised me ) 9. Bridle joint (Fig. 16.10 a). The joint is commonly in wooden trusses at the junction of struts and ties, It is fo by cutting a type of mortise in the end of one piece to fit i bridle or projection left upon another (0) Bridie Joint (b) Fox=toit FIG. 16.10. BEARING JOINTS. -tail wedging joint (Fig. 16.10 6). The j ghtly dovetailed mortise to a(b) Section x-x FIG. 16.11, TUSK-TENON JOINT, The tenon should be mortised in the centre 0 Wedge is employed to strengthen the joint. — 16.8. FRAMING JOINTS Framing joints are used to construct the windows, ventilators etc. These joints a except that they are not supposed to cz bearing joints. The method of cutting tl the members of the frame is suitably ¢ form of the joint.