GULFSTREAM G650 / G650ER

AVIONICS MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL

RADIO ALTIMETER SYSTEM
REVISION 0.2
FlightSafety International, Inc.
Marine Air Terminal, LaGuardia Airport
Flushing, New York 11371
(718) 565-4100
www.FlightSafety.com
 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

NOTICE
The material contained in this training manual is based on information obtained from the aircraft manufacturer’s
Pilot Manuals and Maintenance Manuals. It is to be used for familiarization and training purposes only.

When published, it contained then-current information. In the event of conflict between data provided herein
and that in publications issued by the manufacturer or the FAA/EASA, that of the manufacturer or the FAA/EASA
shall take precedence.

We at FlightSafety want you to have the best training possible. We welcome any suggestions you might have for
improving this manual or any other aspect of our training program.

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

 Courses for the Gulfstream G650 / G650ER and other Gulfstream aircraft are taught at the following FlightSafety
International Learning Center:

Savannah Learning Center

301 Robert B Miller Road
Savannah, Georgia 31408
(912) 644-1000
(800) 625-9369
FAX (912) 644-1079

Copyright © 2018 by FlightSafety International, Inc.

Unauthorized reproduction or distribution is prohibited.
All rights reserved.
 INSERT LATEST REVISED PAGES, DESTROY SUPERSEDED PAGES

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

Dates of issue for original and changed pages are:

Original . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0. . . . . . . . . . . . August 2014
Revision. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1. . . . . . . . . . . January 2018
Revision. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . March 2018

NOTE:
Revision numbers in footers occur at the bottom of every page that has changed in any way (grammatical
or typographical revisions, reflow of pages, and other changes that do not necessarily affect the meaning
of the manual).

THIS PUBLICATION CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING:

Page *Revision
No. No.

1-19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2

*Zero in this column indicates an original page.

 GULFSTREAM G650 / G650ER AVIONICS MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL RAS

RADIO ALTIMETER SYSTEM

CONTENTS
Page

INTRODUCTION....................................................................................... 7
RADIO ALTIMETER SYSTEM (ATA 34)............................................ 8
General.................................................................................................. 8
Components......................................................................................... 9
Indications.......................................................................................... 13
System Interfaces.............................................................................. 15
Operation............................................................................................ 17

Revision 0.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 5

NOTICE: These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
 GULFSTREAM G650 / G650ER AVIONICS MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL RAS

ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Title Page
RAS-1 Radio Altimeter System............................................................ 8
RAS-2 KRA 405B Radio Altimeter Receiver/Transmitter............... 9
RAS-3 Radio Altimeter R/T................................................................ 10
RAS-4 Radio Altimeter Antennas...................................................... 11
RAS-5 Radio Altimeter R/T Configuration Module........................ 12
RAS-6 Radio Altimeter Indications.................................................... 14
RAS-7 TCAS / EGPWS Interface...................................................... 16
RAS-8 SENSOR Menu........................................................................ 18
RAS-9 Flight Ref Menu....................................................................... 18
RAS-10 Test Push-Button...................................................................... 18
RAS-11 Switch (SW1) Adjustment...................................................... 19

Revision 0.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 6

NOTICE: These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
 GULFSTREAM G650 / G650ER AVIONICS MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL RAS

RADIO ALTIMETER SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
The Gulfstream G650 PlaneView system is an integrated avionics system that is based
on the Honeywell Primus Epic system. Greatly improving situational awareness, the
PlaneView system provides pilots with real-time information about airports, weather,
air traffic and terrain, all displayed on four large landscape, flat screen monitors
and provide instant access to information necessary to make safe flying decisions in
adverse or low-visibility conditions.

Revision 0.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 7

NOTICE: These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
 GULFSTREAM G650 / G650ER AVIONICS MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL RAS

RADIO ALTIMETER SYSTEM (ATA 34)

GENERAL
The KRA 405B is an airborne Radar Altimeter. The KRA 405B determines
the altitude above ground level (AGL) by transmitting a signal to the ground
then processing the reflected signal. The Altimeter then outputs the altitude
information as analog voltages, as well as in ARINC 429 digital format.
The transmitted signal is frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW).
In the time it takes the transmitted signal to travel to the ground and reflect
back to the aircraft, the transmitter has shifted to a new frequency. When
the received signal is mixed with the instantaneous transmitted signal an
intermediate frequency (IF) is produced. The IF is directly proportional to
the time delay of the round trip. The IF is converted into ARINC 429 outputs
and analog outputs which drive the display, autopilot, ground proximity
warning system, or other flight control systems that require accurate AGL
altitude information.

The KRA-405B Radio Altimeter System provides radio altimeter function-

ality for the Planeview system during departure and approach phases of
flight. The system will provide altitude above ground level (AGL) infor-
mation to the flight control system during approach and landing in order
to determine speed and mode changes. The system provides information
for readout on the PFD during low-altitude maneuvering and can alert the
flight crew when a predetermined altitude (decision height) is reached.

The KRA-405B provides enhanced accuracy (± 2 feet) below 100 feet AGL
using the digital ARINC 429 bus (Labels 164, and 165).

The KRA-405B determines the altitude (AGL) by transmitting a signal to

the ground then processing the reflected signal. The altimeter outputs the
altitude information as analog voltages and in ARINC 429 format.

The KRA-405B Radio Altimeter System consists of a solid state KRA-405B

Receiver/Transmitter and two (2) DM PN19-2-1 Antennas (Figure RAS-1).

Figure RAS-1. Radio Altimeter System

Revision 0.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 8

NOTICE: These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
 GULFSTREAM G650 / G650ER AVIONICS MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL RAS

COMPONENTS
Radio Altimeter Receiver / Transmitter
Configuration Module
Each radio altimeter receiver/transmitter has one configuration module
installed adjacent to it. The radio altimeter system configuration module
stores the zero offset altitude settings. The zero offset altitude settings
is a radio altitude of 0 feet when the main wheels first touch-down and
have a negative offset value when taxiing or stationary on the ground
(Figure RAS-2).
RADIO ALTIMETER
RECEIVER/TRANSMITTERS (2)

RADIO ALTIMETER ANTENNAS (4)

RADIO ALTIMETER R/T

CONFIGURATION MODULES (2)
Figure RAS-2. KRA 405B Radio Altimeter Receiver/Transmitter

Revision 0.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 9

NOTICE: These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
 GULFSTREAM G650 / G650ER AVIONICS MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL RAS

Radio Altimeter R/T

The R/T contains the power supplies, R/T circuits and the timing circuits
to calculate aircraft AGL altitude (Figure RAS-3). The R/T transmits 4300
MHz FMCW signals through the transmit antenna and receives FMCW
signals through the receive antenna. The R/T measures the time interval
between transmitted and received FMCW signals to calculate the AGL
altitude.

The transmitter signals are modulated at a 100 Hz rate between 4.25 GHz
and 4.35 GHz. The FCMW transmitted frequency changes 0.1 GHz in
0.01 seconds (100 Hz rate), which results in a modulation of 10 Hz / ns.
Because the speed of a radio frequency wave through space is 1 ns / ft, a
radar foot is completed in 2 ns. In 2 ns, the transmitter FMCW signal has
changed by 20 Hz.

Figure RAS-3. Radio Altimeter R/T

Revision 0.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 10

NOTICE: These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
 GULFSTREAM G650 / G650ER AVIONICS MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL RAS

Radio Altimeter Antennas

The radio altimeter antennas (Figure RAS-4) are light weight microstrip
units that have a low profile. The antennas have an input impedance of 50
ohms and operate within a frequency range of 4200-4400 MHz. The loca-
tion of the antennas lets each antenna operate at the usual limits of pitch
and roll. The receive antenna receives the FMCW signal reflection from the
ground and supplies it to the receiver part of the radio altimeter receiver/
transmitter. The transmitter part of the radio altimeter receiver/transmitter
supplies the FMCW signals to the transmit antenna, which transmits the
signal to the ground.

RADIO ALTIMETER ANTENNAS (4)

Figure RAS-4. Radio Altimeter Antennas

Revision 0.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 11

NOTICE: These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
 GULFSTREAM G650 / G650ER AVIONICS MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL RAS

Configuration Module
Each Radio altimeter R/T has one configuration module installed adjacent
to it. The radio altimeter system configuration module stores the zero
offset altitude settings. The zero offset altitude settings is a radio altitude
of 0 feet when the main wheels first touch down and have a negative offset
value when taxiing or stationary on ground (Figure RAS-5).

Figure RAS-5. Radio Altimeter R/T Configuration Module

Revision 0.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 12

NOTICE: These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
 GULFSTREAM G650 / G650ER AVIONICS MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL RAS

INDICATIONS Decision Height (DH)

The following radio altitude indications are shown on the pilot and copilot The DH (Figure RAS-6) is shown in cyan on the right side of each PFD
PFD: below the altitude tape, followed by a RAD indication. The DH display
has a range of 10-2500 feet in 10 foot increments. Amber dashes replace
• Radio altitude display the DH display if an incorrect DH is set. The DH display is shown when
• Low altitude awareness display the following conditions occur:
• DH display • DH is set
• DH minimums • Radio altitude is less than (or equal to) DH plus 100 feet
• DH alert indicator The DH display disappears from view when any one of the following
conditions occurs:
The radio altitude display (Figure RAS-6) shown in the ADI sphere has a
range of -20-2500 feet. The display is calibrated for the following altitudes: • When aircraft is WOW
• 5 foot increments: 20-199 feet • After takeoff when radio altitude is 100 feet (or more) higher than
the DH
• 10 foot increments: 200-2500 feet
• If radio altitude signal is invalid
Each PFD shows the radio altitude display in green for normal operation. • If an incorrect DH is set
The radio altitude display goes out of view when the radio altitude is more
than 2500 feet. In the case of a single radio altimeter failure, the display The decision minimums are shown in the ADI sphere. An amber MIN
system automatically reverts to the remaining good radio altimeter and display is shown when the radio altitude is less than (or equal to) the DH
the radio altitude source indication (RA1 or RA2) is displayed in amber set value.
to indicate that both pilot and copilot PFDs are displaying the same radio
altitude data. A dual radio altimeter failure is indicated by displaying 4 The DH alert indicator is a yellow indicator that is displayed on the PFD
amber dashes in the digital radio altitude readout location on the ADI’s. when the aircraft reaches the DH. The alert indicator is not displayed when
the altitude is below 5 feet. The alert indicator is not displayed until the
Low Altitude Awareness Display altitude is greater than (or equal to) the DH plus 50 feet during takeoff.
The low altitude awareness display (Figure RAS-6) is shown on the baro-
metric altitude tape to show ground with relation to the barometric altitude.
The barometric altitude tape is shown on the right side of each PFD. When
the radio altitude is less than 550 feet, a mask is added to the barometric
altitude tape. The color of the lower half of the barometric altitude tape
changes to show the ground. The color and mask change linearly for radio
altitudes from 0-550 feet. The tape is brown to indicate ground level and
grey to indicate normal operation. A yellow line on the tape identifies the
change in color from brown to grey. At zero feet of altitude, the brown raster
touches the altitude reference point. The tape color will change to grey and
the yellow line disappears from view if the radio altitude signal is invalid.

Revision 0.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 13

NOTICE: These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
 GULFSTREAM G650 / G650ER AVIONICS MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL RAS

HDG TO TO
DECISION HEIGHT
INDICATION

80 20 20 5 00 6
10 10 2
GROUND
60 1
LOW-ALTITUDE
AWARENESS
DH
1
INDICATION
4 0 0 40
20
9
10 10 1
RADIO 9500
ALTIMETER
INDICATION
2
6
20 20

0.00M -5 29.92in
AOA 0.19

Figure RAS-6. Radio Altimeter Indications

Revision 0.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 14

NOTICE: These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
 GULFSTREAM G650 / G650ER AVIONICS MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL RAS

SYSTEM INTERFACES
EGPWS Interface
The RAD ALT (Figure RAS-7) provides altitude (height Above Ground
Level -AGL) also known as Terrain Clearance; this is the actual distance
between the bottom of the A/C and the ground underneath. This is the most
important signal for EGPWS.

TCAS Interface
The Radio Altimeters provide accurate low altitude (-20 to 2500 ft.) infor-
mation to the TCAS unit for use in its calculations and modes of operation
(Figure RAS-7).

Revision 0.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 15

NOTICE: These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
 GULFSTREAM G650 / G650ER AVIONICS MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL RAS

MRC 1 MRC 2
NIM 1 NIM 2

MAU 1 MAU 2 MAU 3

TNIC PROC 1 NIC PROC 3 NIC PROC 5
NIC PROC 2 TNIC PROC 4 NIC PROC 6
CMC DGIO 2 EGPWM 1
DGIO 1 EGPWM 2

28 VDC/OPEN VALID
28 VDC/OPEN VALID

A B A B A B

RAD ALT 1 RAD ALT 2

TX 28 VDC/OPEN 28 VDC/OPEN TX
VALID VALID
RX RX

L DC MPT 2 R DC MPT 2
L ESS 28 VDC R MAIN 28 VDC
RADIO ALTIMETER 1 RADIO ALTIMETER 2
(2 AMPS) (2 AMPS)

LEGEND
ARINC 552
ASCB-D TCAS
BACKPLANE BUS

Figure RAS-7. TCAS / EGPWS Interface

Revision 0.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 16

NOTICE: These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
 GULFSTREAM G650 / G650ER AVIONICS MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL RAS

OPERATION
Radio Altitude System
The radio altitude system is energized before takeoff and may be used
during flight to monitor aircraft altitude AGL up to the maximum range of
the system. The flightcrew may set the DH altitude when selected on the
standby multi-function controller FLT REF menu. When the DH is set, the
PFDs supply an indication when the aircraft reaches that altitude. The radio
altitude system also shows ground separation and climb conditions during
night or instrument takeoffs and the ground clearance during approaches.

The R/T sends analog voltage radio altitude data to the MAU. The MAU
changes the analog radio altitude data to a format that may be shown on
the PFDs. Each PFD shows the radio altitude data as a digital display in
the ADI sphere.
The dual radio altitude system default is the following:
• R/T No. 1 supplies radio altitude data for the pilot PFD
• R/T No. 2 supplies radio altitude data for the copilot PFD

The MAU also sends digital radio altitude data to the EGPWS module
through ASCB-D. The radio altitude and the rate that the aircraft descends
or the rate that the ground profile changes is an important parameter for
the EGPWS. The EGPWS module uses the radio altitude data to calculate
aircraft altitude AGL during approach.

The R/T also sends analog radio altitude data to the TCAS. The TCAS uses
the radio altitude data to inhibit all TCAS Resolution Advisory (RA) and
Traffic Advisory (TA) aural messages at a Radio Altitude of less than 500
ft +/- 100ft climbing or descending.

Revision 0.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 17

NOTICE: These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
 GULFSTREAM G650 / G650ER AVIONICS MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL RAS

SENSOR Menu
SENSOR Pushing the RAD ALT Key, from the SENSOR menu, selects the displayed
radio altitude source (Figure RAS-8).
IRS: 1 2 3 FWC: 1 2
• Flight Reference Pushbutton – On the FLTREF push-button menu
ADS: 1 2 3 FGC: 1 2 page, pressing the RAD line select key menu option adjusts the DH
based on radio altitude AGL.. This lets the flight crew set DH alti-
RAD ALT: 1 2 AT: 1 2 tude (based on radio altitude AGL) indication on the PFD. The DH
altitude has a range from 10-2500 feet AGL (Figure RAS-9).

ENG ALT CTRL

• TEST Pushbutton ­– When the aircraft is on the ground, the TEST
^

button sets the test display for the onside PFD, multifunction
BRT RNG/SET display and radio altitude system. In the air, this push-button only
M
RNG: MAP HSI HSI tests the radio altitude system if the glide slope is not captured
MAP
(Figure RAS-10).

Figure RAS-8. SENSOR Menu

FLT REF TEST

V1 : RAD HUD EGPWS

VR : BARO RAD ALT TONE

V2 : STALL

V SE : AUTO VSPD 1 TCAS AP DISC

V REF :
BRT RNG/SET BRT RNG/SET
RNG: MAP HSI HSI RNG: MAP HSI HSI
M MAP
M MAP

Figure RAS-9. Flight Ref Menu Figure RAS-10. Test Push-Button

Revision 0.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 18

NOTICE: These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
 GULFSTREAM G650 / G650ER AVIONICS MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL RAS

Radio Altimeter Receiver / Transmitter Switch

(SW) 1 Adjustment
This switch control lets the user calibrate the R/T. This switch is recessed
and must be pushed with a tool no greater than .12 inches in diameter. Hold
the switch for at least 10 seconds to ensure the R/T accepts the switch push
(Figure RAS-11).

NOTE
The calibration must be accomplished outside of the hanger with
no obstacles surrounding or underneath the aircraft. Extraneous
reflections may cause an incorrect calibration.

Allow a minimum of three minutes of warm-up time before initiating the

calibration.

Each R/T must be calibrate separately. The circuit breaker must be pulled
for the R/T not being calibrated, to prevent the possibility of interference
with the R/T being calibrated.

Solid State Power Controllers

The radio altitude system is protected by solid state power controllers.

Radio Altimeter System Failure

The Radio Altimeter provides fault data to the Avionics for indication in
the cockpit via Crew Alert System (CAS) and fault message.

Figure RAS-11. Switch (SW1) Adjustment

Revision 0.2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 19

NOTICE: These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.