Contemporary World De La Salle - College of Saint Benilde Class Notes Five Main Elements of Glob: Contemporary World Internationalization Localization Globalization - famous in Japan Contemporary - present period (after the 2nd world war) Globalization - global economic interaction and integration of many formerly national economies into one global economy, by free trade and free capital mobility, but also by easy or uncontrolled migration. It is the effective erasure of national boundaries for economic purposes Internationalization - basic unit remains the nation, even as relations among nations become increasingly necessary and important. = International relations = International treaties = International alliances a International trade Localization - refers to the use, focus and concentration of development and promotion of local products, services, and merchandise. ization inclusivity Collaboration Trust Respect Communication Three Markets of Globalization Commodity Market Labor Market Capital Market Globalization in Japan, Globalization is known as “dochakuka” which means global localization. Think global, act local Change is a slow process Before it can have a global impact, it has to spread slowly from individual and small communities Indigenization vs Homogenizing Aspects of Globalization © Patterns of Acceptance = Assimilation/Integration - absorption of an incoming group into thedominant society = Amalgamation - biological merging of an ethinic group with the native population = Cultural Pluralism - a pattern of partial assimilation by which the dominant society allows minorities to achieve full participation © Patterns of Rejection = Annihilation - “total destruction” or “complete obliteration’ of an object; having its root in the Latin nihil (nothing) - make into nothing, process by which a dominant group causes the deaths of a large number of minority group members = Ethnocide - act or attempts to systematically destroy a people's ethnicity or culture = Expulsion - forcing people out of an area = Segregation - involuntary separation of residential areas, services, or other facilities on the basis of the ethnic or racial characteristics of the people using them © Waves of Globalization = Age of Exploration = Multiplication of International Relations reinforced by communication and transportation = Economic Globalization and Technology * Microcosm - analyze global and local effects © —Acommunity, place, or situation regarded as encapsulating in miniature the characteristics of something much larger ©. Negative Effects of Globalization = Loss of Domestic Industries Exploit Human Resource Decline Income Unemployment Transfer of Natural Resources Lead to Commercial and Political Colonialism Widening Gap Between Rich and Poor Dominan of Foreign InstitutionsEconomic Globalization refers to the increasing interdependence of world economies as a result of the growing scale of cross-border trade of commodities and services, flow of international capital and wide and rapid spread of technologies. Expansion and mutual integration of market frontiers © Time and space compression effect - greatly reduced the cost of international trade and investment, thus making it possible to organize and coordinate global production Impacts of Globalization © Positive impacts - employment © Negative impacts - disadvantage to local producers © Onscreen - increase trade, greater competition, structural unemployment, tax avoidance Globalization and Employment Issues © Protectionist trade barriers - won't work in the 21st century. Knowledge crossing borders in massive amounts [is the] big new disruptive thing. © Virtual migration - “All you need is more computing power, more transmitting power and cheaper robots - and all that is happening.” Technology will soon allow virtual migration, thanks to telerobotics and telepresence.” The worldwide number of domestic household robots will rise to 31 million between 2016 and 2019, says the International Federation of Robotics (IFR), with sales of robots for cleaning floors, mowing lawns, and cleaning swimming pools forecast to grow. © Political backlash - "Cures are being sold which are not related to the problem: There is a need for balancing act. Quotes of Labor/Capital © Abraham Lincoln - labor is prior to, and independent of, capital. Capital is only the fruit of labor, and could never have existed if labor had not first existed. Labor is the superior of capital, and deserves much the higher consideration. Karl Marx - Capital is dead labor, which, vampire-like, lives only by sucking living labor, and lives the more, the more labor it sucks. Mahatma Gandhi - man becomes great exactly in the degree in which he works for the welfare of his fellow-men. (Adam Smith, people always work for their betterment) Solution for Unemployment © More importance should be given to professional, technical and vocational education Change their attitude towards life Choose independent career Start small business Self-employment is the possible solution to this problem© Globalization in the World Economy Global Economy - resources, markets and competition are worldwide in scope Globalization - the process of growing interdependence among elements of the global economy Global Sourcing - firms purchase products and services from around the world for local use * Global Economy/ World Economy/ Worldwide Economy Giant Economic System Includes everything we all buy, sell, and own in this planet All goods and services, All exports Everything we buy Everything we sell Everything we make Everything we own All imports and exports The economy of the whole planet, i.e,, global GDP (Gross Domestic Product) The way the world is today, with countries’ economies so intertwined and interdependent that they all seem like parts of one whole. (global economy) Interdependence of nations Example: banking and finance - no national boundaries - if a giant bank in one country collapses, banks in other countries also suffer, whole economies might suffer. Global economy - Globalization ization Tendency towards international investment and trade Outsourcing of manufacturing across borders Transmission of ideas, values, and meaning across the world Movement toward economic, finance, communications, and trade integration Process in which businesses begin operating internationally Decline in the importance of the nation state Marketing in today's Global Economy Global economy - more and more businesses are selling beyond their borders The need for effective Global Marketing strategies has increased significantly Global Marketing refers to planning, producing or creating, placing, and promoting a company’s products or services in the global market. Having an effective Global Marketing strategy is crucial in today’s global economy© The Internet and today’s Global Economy © Since the advent of the Internet, the Global Economy has become relevant for many more businesses than before In the past, only large corporations could call themselves multinationals. Today, even small online businesses can trade with other companies and individuals from anywhere in the world. The internet has changed many of basic features of the Global Economy © History of Global Market Integration © Global Market Integration - did not start overnight. It is the result of the establishment of a global economy that involved the homogenization of trade and commerce. © 20th Century Market Integration © The Integration of the global market - started when big American corporations began to emerge after the Second World War with the rise of new conglomerates © Examples: ITT Engineered for life, Continental Bank, Sheraton Hotels & Resorts, The Hartford, Toyota, Nissan, and Isuzu © International Trade and exchange of goods and services were already practiced in this century © Countries were able to extend their reach beyond borders and patterns of trade and technology because of developments in shipping and navigation © Colonialism and imperialism rose as the new ways of putting order to the economic interrelationships among countries. MARKET INTEGRATION © Market Integration - process which refers to the expansion of firms by consolidating additional marketing functions and activities under a single management. (Kohis and Uhl) Theme: Centralization of decision making in a single hand Reason for Market Integration o Remove transaction cost > Foster competition > Better signals for optimal generations and consumption decisions Improve security of supply ©. Types of Market Integration Horizontal Conglomeration Vertical © Vertical Integration © Oceurs when a firm performs more than one activity in the sequence of the marketing process.© Alinking together of two or more functions in the marketing process within a single firm or under a single ownership. © Makes it possible to exercise control over both quality and quantity of the product from the beginning of the production process until the product is ready for the consumer. © Reduces the number of middle men in the marketing channel. © Examples of Vertical Market Integration in the Philippines: Universal Canning, Inc., San Miguel Corporation Horizontal Integration © Occurs when a firm or agency gains control of other firms or agencies performing similar marketing functions at the same level in the marketing sequence. © Some marketing agencies combine to form a union with a view to reducing their effective number and the extent of actual competition in the market. © Advantageous for the members who join the group. © Examples of Horizontal Market Integration in the Philippines: Century Pacific Food, Inc, Ayala, Zalora, and Universal Rufina Corp. Conglomeration © Acombination of agencies or activities not directly related to each other but may operate under a unified management. © Agri business © Examples of Conglomeration: Walt Disney, General Electric, ABS-CBN, abc, and Meralco Market Integration - process which refers to the expansion of firms by consolidating additional marketing functions and activities under a single management. (Kohis and Uhl) Theme: Centralization of decision making in a single hand Reason for Market Integration co Remove transaction cost © Foster competition Better signals for optimal generations and consumption decisions ©. Improve security of supply Types of Market Integration © Horizontal © Conglomeration ©. Vertical Vertical Integration © Occurs when a firm performs more than one activity in the sequence of the marketing process. © Alinking together of two or more functions in the marketing process within a single firm or under a single ownership. © Makes it possible to exercise control over both quality and quantity of the product from the beginning of the production process until the product isready for the consumer. © Reduces the number of middle men in the marketing channel. © Examples of Vertical Market Integration in the Philippines: Universal Canning, Inc., San Miguel Corporation © Horizontal Integration © Occurs when a firm or agency gains control of other firms or agencies performing similar marketing functions at the same level in the marketing sequence. © Some marketing agencies combine to form a union with a view to reducing their effective number and the extent of actual competition in the market. © Advantageous for the members who join the group. © Examples of Horizontal Market Integration in the Philippines: Century Pacific Food, Inc, Ayala, Zalora, and Universal Rufina Corp. © Conglomeration © Acombination of agencies or activities not directly related to each other but may operate under a unified management © Agri business © Examples of Conglomeration: Walt Disney, General Electric, ABS-CBN, abc, and Meralco © Economic Theories © If there are few resources, produce more. © If there is none, create one. © Man as HOMO FABER - the power to create and re-create Michael Parenti - Political Scientist The third world is not poor. You don't go to poor countries to make money. There are very few countries in this world. Most countries are rich. The Philippines are rich, Brazil is rich, Mexico is rich, Chile is rich, only the people are poor. © But there's billions to be made there, to be carved and to be taken. There's been billions for 400 years. The capitalist European and North American powers have carved out and taken the timber, the hemp, the cacao, the rum, the tin, the copper, the iron, the rubber, the bauxite, the slaves, and the cheap labor. They have been taken out of these countries. © These countries are not underdeveloped, they're over exploited, ‘THE GLOBAL NORTH AND SOUTH © Background © The first use of Global South in contemporary political sense came about in 1969. Carl Oblesby, writing the liberal Catholic journal Commonwealth in a special issue on the Vietnam War, argued that centuries of US dominance over the Global South. © The North-South Divide is a socio-economic and political categorization ofcountries, North - United States, Canada, Western Europe, outermost regions of the European Union, developed parts of Asia (the Four Asian Tigers, Japan, Macau, Brunei and Israel) as well as Australia, New Zealand, and South Korea, South - Africa, Latin America, and developing Asia including the Middle East © The North Members of the G8 = Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, Russia, and United States Developed economies 90% of manufacturers control 80% total income in the world, enough basic needs to access education one quarter of total global population «© ~The South Lacks appropriate technology, it has no political stability, the economies are disarticulated, and their foreign exchange earnings depend on primary product exports. Three quarters of the world populations Access to one-fifth of the world income Third World countries during the Cold War Relatively low GDP and the high population Lack of basic amenities Rely on imports from the North and have low technological penetration 5% of the population is able to access basic needs such as food and shelter Africa, South America, and Asia with all African and South American countries being from the South * The Paradox of Global Village in a Divided World Obijiofor Aginam (Global Health Leadership Officer, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland) Our global village has been truncated and polarized by the underdevelopment and poverty afflicting more than eighty percent of the world's population in the global South-mainly in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Thus, global health policies must, by necessity, focus on health disparities between poor and rich countries. * On Wealth and Poverty Globalizes poverty systematically as opposed to globalizing wealth Globalization of wealth, via the right to health and development assistance from international financial institutions, must respond to the socioeconomic and political conditions of recipient States in the developing world Economic reconstruction from the bottom-up © OnHealth Issues Antibiotics vs Probiotics Synthetic medicines vs Herbal medicineso Western medicine vs Alternative medicine o Health vs Work © = Mind Set © Prejudice © Discrimination © Truth vs Perspective o Point of View © Holon Mind o Gestalt © Collective Consciousness © Argument vs Discussion © Reason for Enlightenment and Not to Insult ASIAN REGIONALISM Regionalism © The term ‘regionalism’ conveys the sense of intentional, top-down region-building- involving inter-governmental collaboration. © Regionalization, on the other hand, refers to the growing density of interaction and co-operation between neighboring countries. ©. Regionalization may or may not be a basis for encouraging regionalism. There has been growing economic, educational and security interaction between Australia and numerous Asian countries, for instance, and yet Australia has been excluded from certain vital East-Asian regionalism initiatives. © 2 Approaches in Building Regions © First stresses functionalist or practical dimensions, emphasizing the advantages that can result from o-operation in economic, security and other areas. This approach recognizes the range of challenges that are transnational in character: everything from epidemics to terrorist networks to irregular movements of people. © Second perspective on regionalism highlights identity issues - focusing on the way the region ought best be defined. Some analysts have written of ‘cognitive regionalism, and pointed out that it is primarily concerned with socio-cultural issues; and that regional institutions may not just be grounded in a sense of regional identity, but might also be producers and enforcers of the shared norms by which regional identity is often shaped. © Status of Asian Regionalism © Analysts agree that the “free and open Indo-Pacific” strategy of the administration of President Trump - which calls for keeping open the sea lines of communication which are “the lifeblood of the region” as stressed by Alex Wong, Deputy Assistant Secretary at the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs of the US Department of the State during a briefing - must take cognizance of the important role played by Southeast Asia and ASEAN.© ASEAN is now a strategic and economic powerhouse on a global scale. As the US-ASEAN Business Council highlighted, the 10-member regional bloc -with its 630 million population plus a combined GDP of 2.4 trillion - is “at the center of a dynamic Asia Pacific Region” whose projected growth rate of over five percent a year could make it the fourth largest economy in the world by 2050. "Southeast Asia is a strategic hinge point of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Nations of this region will determine whether the vast Indo-Pacific is governed by the rule of law or the use of arbitrary power. Individually and collectively, ASEAN members are at the crucial nexus for deciding whether the coming decades will expand or shrink individual liberty, national sovereignty, and the freedom to navigate the global commons,” Cronin and Grace wrote. © East Asia Bloc © ASEAN 50, Philippines 2017, Partnering for Change, Engaging the World © Brunei (Darussalam), Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam © #3~ China, South Korea, and Japan ¢ Evolution of China in Regionalism ©. China's attitude towards regionalism evolved from “hostile” to “active", © Geographic area, where China practiced its regionalism, has been significantly enlarged. © China's role in Asian regionalism has been transformed. ina's Foreign Policy © The most significant dynamic for regionalism in the region was the ASEAN‘ initiative, which was established that very year with ASEAN member states and Japan, China and South Korea © Considered the most important outcome of the Asian financial crisis, ASEAN#3 has become China's preferred vehicle for regional diplomacy, primarily because Beijing believes that ASEAN+3 holds the potential to promote Chinese foreign policy and strategic interests, and more importantly because it is ‘indigenous to East Asia’. It cannot be denied that, ASEAN+3 became the first instance of institutionalization of regionalism among East Asian countries. © Although the validity of ASEAN+3 as a regional group remains, the future of regionalism in the larger Asia-Pacific continues to be uncertain because the region expects China to be more forthcoming and transparent especially on matters pertaining to safety and security cooperation. China and the ASEAN+3 © "Dual-Track approach’ for stability in the South China Sea that should be maintained by both China and ASEAN nations. The core of this approach states that negotiations on the South China Sea disputes can be performed under a multilateral framework, ° However it also indicates that China does not accept any internationaljudicial or arbitral jurisdiction stipulated in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) for any dispute involving maritime delimitation, territory and military activities, © The Chinese Leadership including Vice Foreign Minister Liu Zhenim has repeatedly stated that the South China Sea disputes should not be discussed at ASEAN meetings, as “it is not the right forum” © However when issues of regional security concerns come up at ASEAN — which is a regional forum, how can tensions in the South China Sea be possibly ignored? ©. This, in fact, remains the biggest challenge and concern for the local players. © The growth of China's military power needs to be accompanied by greater clarity of its strategic intentions to avoid regional frictions and promote mutual cooperation and regional peace and collective prosperity. ‘* Integrating Asia's Regional Economic Cooperation: An Agenda © Integrating Production © Integrating Financial Markets © Managing Macroeconomic interdependence © Making Growth inclusive and Sustainable © Background of Asia-Pacific (APEC) © According to Mie Oba, the “Asia-Pacific” concept was originally an idea of intellectuals in Japan and Australia (Oba:2002: 8). © Infact, as the result of the rapid expansion of bilateral trade between Japan and Australia from the 1950s, leading economists in both countries = such as D. Saburo Okita, Dr. Kiyoshi Kojima, Sir John Crawford and Dr. Peter Drysdale — were strongly motivated to create a new economic dialogue between the nations of Asia and those of the Pacific. © Since the 1960s, they had often tried to combine the two different regional concepts of “Asia” and “the Pacific”:the concept of “Asia” referring primarily to Japan, South Korea and the countries of ASEAN, and the concept of “the Pacific” referring to Australia, New Zealand and the United States. © Oba argues that his attempt to create a combined Asia-Pacific region resulted from Japan and Australia's search for regional identity (Oba 2002: 1). In other words, both Japan and Australia perceived themselves as, being isolated from their neighboring countries. © Although Japan and Australia are both located in Asia, policies such as. Japan's Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere and Australia's White Australian Policy only served to alienate the other Asian countries (Kikuchi 1995: 123). © Atthe same time, neither Japan nor Australia was regarded as close fellow nations by the United States or Europe even though the economies of both countries heavily depended on the U.S. and Europe in the 1960s. © Therefore, the primary aim of creating the concept of an Asia-Pacificregion was to gain Japan and Australia recognition as members of a regional group. The Core of Japanese Policy toward East Asia was composed of three basic principles, pointed out in Fukuda Doctrine (1977) [Tanaka, Liff 2009, P. 2] © Peaceful cooperation with the Southeast Asian nations to build prosperity while rejecting status of military power © Mutual trust between regionals governments, and © Equal partnership in the name of regional solidarity, with special emphasis put on the ASEAN nations, perceived as the leading organization. In Minister ASO in the late 2005, the role of Japan is expected to be mensional [Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 2005]: © A thought leader in Asia © Apromoter of universal values © Aregional economic and military stabilizer © Anequal partner for the other Asian nations © Ahub of knowledge network of Asia South Korea will become an FTA Hub engaged in free trade with economies representing over 70% of the Global Economies. © South Korea is an important strategic player in this process due to its influence in the spheres of trade and its efforts to promote multilateralism. © South Korea has concluded 9 FTA’s with 45 countries and negotiations are underway for 8 new FTA‘s for additional 13 countries. South Korea is, concluding a trilateral FTA with Japan and China. © The enthusiasm that South Korea has hitherto shown toward FTA policies is rooted in limitations inherent in its own economy. As a country lacking natural resources and with only a small domestic market, South Korea can only sustain itself by purchasing raw materials from abroad at low prices, and processing them into high value-added products for sale in markets around the globe. ©. This strategy has been paying great dividends for South Korea. Over the ong term, it would be wise for South Korea to look beyond bilateral FTAs toward broad-ranging economic integration encompassing the entire Asia Pacific region. Regional Balancer © Seeks to distance Korea from American hegemony and to grant it a more appropriate role as a hub in the region. ics of Identity ©. Refer to the continuing contestation of national identity in South Korea, in which groups of different political beliefs strive to advance their own perceptions of those major neighbors as legitimate visions of national identity. Alliance Identity/ Two Conflicting Identities o The alliance identity that sees the United States as a friendly provider and the nationalist identity that pits Korea identity against the United States. PoliQuotes © The Age of Nations is past. It remains for us now, if we do not wish to perish. To set aside the ancient prejudices and bulld the earth, - Pierre Teilhard De Chardin S.1. © You need Power only when you want to do something Harmful. Otherwise, Love is Enough to get everything done. - Charlie Chaplin © Justice must always question itself, just as society can exist only by means of the work it does on itself and on its institutions. - Michel Foucault Is vernacular un-self-conscious regionalism? How does an international style become regional? How do we respond to regionalism without commercializing the culture? How do we reconnect and reintegrate our local regionalism? What is Culture? © Language © Medical Cure © Religion © Child-rearing Methods o Food o Folk Art Celebrations © Jokes © Manners © Others and Dressing © Working Schedules © Acomplex whole, a way of life. © Away of defining a country. © Anexpression, devotion, and psyche. Cultural Relativism © The idea of universal truth in ethics is a myth © The customs of different societies are all that exist. © Tosay that a custom is ‘correct’ or ‘incorrect’ would imply that we can judge that custom by some independent standard of right and wrong, but no such standard exists. Ulog of the Bontocs in Pre-Christian Era © Contrary to popular belief, the "ulog: was not a pre-Christian motel in the Cordilleras. © Itis away to determine a couple's biological compatibility, sire a child, promote privacy and avoid incestuous relationships. Meaning of a Russian Kiss © Itis a Slavic custom for a man greeting another man to grab him in a bear hug and kiss him three times on the cheek. Some Russian men even go as.far as kissing each other on the lips. — In Japan, it is rude not to slurp - soup © Don't cross your chopsticks, lick them, or stick them vertically into a bowl of rice (very rude). © Don't pass food using chopsticks; this takes place only at funerals. © Culture Creatives © Creativity - bringing into existence an idea that is new to you © Innovation - the practical application of creative ideas. © Creative Thinking - an innate talent that you were born with and a set of skills that can be learned, developed, and utilized in daily problem solving, © Solve a problem; minimalist space © General Types of Media Digital - Social Media, Internet Broadcast - Television, Radio Print - Newspapers, Books, Outdoor Do not let social media turn into an environment of what former VP Al Gore called it as “cultural wasteland”. There are thousands of ideas out there We know what makes a good one Where do we find them? Look for needs, watch trends, listen for complaints, problems or pains, then be creative about building solutions around them. © Theories © Mediated Culture - creates and reflects our culture © Multimedia © Concept of Celebrity © Limited-Effects Theory © Class Dominant Theory © Culturalist Theory Influence © The media - newspapers, radio, television, and the internet © Mass media is a diversified collection of media technologies that reach a large audience via mass communication. © Embedded Generosity © Coca Cola teamed up with the Japanese Red Cross to create vending machines that accept donations. * Wellbeing © Holiday Inn - pedometer given out with every room key © iTunes Health & Fitness or Medical categories now contain more than 7,000 apps for iPhones. Health related apps for Android phones have so far achieved more than three million downloads. © Environment © Crowne Plaza Hotel, Copenhagen - bicycle machines in the gym linked to hotel generators© "30% of US consumers are willing to pay up to a 20% premium on clean, green products over non-sustainable alternatives.” - Mintel 2010 Female Fever © "US women are responsible for 85% of all consumer purchases. They make 92% of vacation purchases. They hold 89% of all US bank accounts, 51% of all personal wealth, 93% of food purchases and are worth more than $5 trillion in consumer spending power - larger than the entire Japanese economy.” - Newsweek, July 2010 Gray Power © “People over the age of 55 will drive two-thirds of all growth in consumer spending in France over the next two decades. They will account for all of the increase in recreation, food eaten at home, utilities and gasoline and for 33% of the increase in electronics.” - McKinsey, June 2010 Online © Over 2billion people are online 425 in Europe Consumers are building their own personal brands online If Facebook were a country, it would be the world's 3rd largest. 1 out of 8 marriages in the US began online The number of iPhone apps hit 1 billion in 9 months, © eMail is “old-fashioned” - Facebook and Twitter are “in” Consumer Media © Forms of Media © Consumer Behavior What is consumer culture? © The term consumer culture refers to a theory according to which modern human society is strongly subjected to consumerism and stresses the centrality of purchasing commodities and services (and along with them the power) as a cultural practice that fosters social behaviors. History of Consumer Culture © 18th century England with the popularization of certain products such as exotic drinks and clothing; 19th century with the appearance of the first department stores where practices of shopping were initiated; © 1950s with the achievement of a mass society, the construction of an Atlantic market and the beginning of the process of Americanization of culture. Consumer Decision © Cultural © Psychological © Environment © Taste and Preference © Marketing Programs Budget Halloween Costumes for kids with builtin GPS© Kids- safety-GPS 2 Approaches co The Natural Laws Approach co Fundamental Approach Natural Law © Natural - Inherent; having a basis in Nature, Reality and Truth; not made or caused by humankind. © Law- An existing condition which is binding and immutable (cannot be changed) © Sorry, mind closed until further notice. Religare © “To bind/commitment/“meaningful world” © Globalization material success Globalization Engendering Religious Tolerance © Religious Tolerance ‘© Overlapping but distinctive ethics and interests interact with ‘one another. © Golden rules teach values such as human dignity, freedom, equality, peace, and solidarity. Globalization Returning to Religious Parochialism © — Globalization disrupts traditions and customs/ religion conveys security and stability. © Globalization breaks down communities/ religion serves as a protective cocoon. © Extensive transnational bureaucracies/strength of collective identity and ethical commitments. Truth vs Abject © Abject - who does not adhere to such “truth”. © The concept of in-group and out-group. Forms of Truth Absolute/ Universal Particular Truth Relative Truth Proximate Truth © Ultimate Truth Love and Justice © Homes without discipline © Schools without prayer © Courts without justice © Hearts without loveSustainable Development Brundtland Commission © Sustainable Development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. Aspects of Sustainable Development Social a Improve the quality of life. = Find ways to increase prosperity = Reduce overall waste and pollution. © Economie = Meet our needs and aspirations without doing damage to the future generations. = Not just profit community's investments. ° Environment = Reduce the environmental burden we put on our neighbor. = Help to preserve common resources. Hong Kong has been promoting the concept of sustainable development since 2000s © Economic a Introduced the idea of “green housing” exemption of GFA calculations or payment of standardized premium rates. Environment = Sustainable development (SUSDEV21) was commissioned by the Planning Department. © Social = Provides supporting, funds and education resources to organizations in social and commercial to continue sustainable development. © The Hong Kong government set up a Sustainable development department by the policy scheme in 1987. The organization aims to promote sustainable development to Hong Kong, balancing the profits between economy, social and environment. Main job is to motivate the environmental policy of the government to the public. Support other organizations by providing funds, holding talks regularly and so on. Sustainable Development Fund © The fund has been established with a sum of $100 million © The aim is to provide a central source of financial support for initiatives that will help develop sustainable development and to encourage sustainable practices in Hong Kong