What is Mole Fraction

- Mole fraction is a unit of concentration.

- In the solution, the relative amount of solute and solvents are measured by the mole fraction and it is
represented by “X.”

The mole fraction is the number of moles of a specific component in the solution divided by the total
number of moles in the given solution.

Mole Fraction Formula

Mole fraction of A = (XA) = Mole A / Mole of solution

XA = Mole fraction of a particle compound

Moles A = moles of compound

Example

0.100 mole of NaCl is dissolved into 100.0 grams of pure H2O . What is the mole fraction of NaCl?

Given

0.100 mole of NaCl

100.0 grams of pure H2O

Required
Mole fraction of NaCl

Equation

Xsolute = mole of solute/ mole of solution

Solution

Step 1 : Find the molar mass of a substance

100.0 g H20 = 1.00794 (2) 15.999 = 18.09 H20

Step 2 : Change the gram into MOLES

100.0 g H2O = 1 mol H2O / 18.0 gH20 = 5.56 mole of H2O

Step 3 : Add the moles of solute and Solvent for the total moles of solution

0.100 mol NaCl

5.56 mol H20

5.66 moles solution

XNaCl = 0.100 NaCl / 5.66 mole = 0.018

Answer: 0.018

Example #2

A solution is prepared by mixing 100.0 g of water H2O and 100.0 g of ethanol C2H5OH. What is the mole
fraction of H2O and C2H5OH?

Given

100.0 g H20

100.0 g C2H5OH

Required
Mole fraction of H2O and C2H5OH

Equation

Xsolvent = moles of solvent / mole of solution

Xsolute = moles of solute/ mole of solution

Solution

100. 0 gH2O = 1.00794 (2) +15.999 = 18.02g H20

100.0 g C2H5OH = 12.01(2) + 1.00794 (5) + 15.999 + 1.00794

= 46.07 g C2H5OH

100.0 g H20 x 1 mol H20/ 18.02 g H20

=5.549 mole H20

100.0 g C2H5OH x 1 mol C2H5OH/ 46.07 g C2H5OH

= 2.17 mole C2H5OH

*Add solute and solvent

2.17 moles C2H5OH

5.549 moles H20

= 7.719 moles Solution

*Solve the mole fraction

XH20 = 5.549 moles H20/ 7.719 moles Solution

= 0.72

XC2H5OH = 2.17 mole C2H5OH/ 7.719 moles solution = 0.28

Answer

0.72

0.28

Activity

0.850 moles of NaCl Is dissolve in 250 grams of H20. What is the mole fraction of NaCl?

Given:
0.850 moles NaCl

250 g H2O

Required

Mole fraction of NaCl

Equation

Xsolute = mole of solute/ mole of solution

Solution

250 g H2O x 1 mol/ 18.02 gH20 = 13.87 mol H2O

*Total solution

13.87 mol H2O

0.850 mol

= 14.72 moles solution

XNaCl = 0.850 NaCl / 14.72 mole

= 0.058

Answer

0.058