PURPOSEFUL

WRITING IN THE
DISCIPLINE S AND
FOR PROFESSIONS
 QUESTION
Should the Bereau of
Immigration be held
responsible for the increasing
number of unjust offloading of
passengers?
 OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the unique features of various
academic texts;
Book Review or Article Critique
Literature Review
Research Report
Project Proposal
Position Paper
 OBJECTIVES
2. Familiarize the guidelines in writing
texts that are useful across disciplines; and

3. Accomplish and submit the Scaffold 2:

Organization of Position Paper.
PURPOSEFUL AND ACADEMIC
WRITING IS...
evidence-based

critical in nature

targets a well-informed group

provides clarity about a certain topic while

staying objective
 ESENTATION OUTLIN
PR E
BOOK REVIEW / RESEARCH REPORT
ARTICLE CRITIQUE

LITERATURE
PROJECT PROPOSAL
REVIEW

POSITION PAPER
BOOK REVIEW /
ARTICLE CRITIQUE
evaluates a certain article
focuses solely on a single article
a type of essay in which the author's
ideas are identified and evaluated
using current theory and research
does not share mere opinions
 BOOK REVIEW/ MOVIE REVIEW
ARTICLE CRITIQUE

addresses a more written for general

specific audience audience
usually offers a critical primarily aims to to offer a
response to a published persuasive opinion
work
 STRUCTURE OF A BOOK
REVIEW / ARTICLE CRITIQUE

INTRODUCTION (5%)
SUMMARY (10%)
REVIEW/CRITIQUE (75%)
CONCLUSION (10%)
GUIDELINES
READ THE ARTICLE TO BE REVIEWED TO GET
THE MAIN CONCEPT.

FOCUS ON DISCUSSING HOW THE BOOK TREATS

THE TOPIC AND NOT THE TOPIC ITSELF.

SITUATE YOUR REVIEW.

GUIDELINES
EXAMINE WHETHER THE FINDINGS ARE
ADEQUATELY SUPPORTED OR NOT.

POINT OUT CONCLUSIONS OR INTERPRETATIONS

THAT THE AUTHOR MISSED OUT.

SHOW YOUR REACTION TO THE WRITER'S IDEAS

AND PRESENT EXPLANATIONS.
 When writing a major research
paper, you will be exposed to a
wealth of information from various
scholarly sources.

A literature review provides an

objective and critical summary of
published research literature pertinent
to a topic being researched.
 ANNOTATED LITERATURE
BIBLIOGRAPHY REVIEW

Summarizes the Reviews a significant

references and explains number of scholarly
how important they are work to identify what is
in addressing the known and not known
research questions about a topic
 FUNCTIONS
JUSTIFIES A RESEARCH QUESTION,
METHOD OR THEORETICAL AND
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

ESTABLISHES THE RELEVANCE OF

THE TOPIC
 FUNCTIONS
SHOWS REVIEWERS FAMILIARITY AND
MASTERY OF THE TOPIC BY
ESTABLISHING THE NICHE OF THE TOPIC

RESOLVES CONFLICT AMONG

CONTRADICTORY STUDIES
 STRUCTURE OF A
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
Purpose for writing the literature
review
Scope of the review
Criteria for selecting the literature
Organizational Pattern of the
review
 STRUCTURE OF A
LITERATURE REVIEW
BODY
Historical background
Relevant theories
Relationship between and among
studies
How each study advanced a theory
Strengths and weaknesses of each
paper
Various viewpoint on the topic
 STRUCTURE OF A
LITERATURE REVIEW
CONCLUSION
Restatement of the main argument
Main arguments and disagreements in
the literature
If stand-alone: conclusions, implications,
and direction for future studies
If part of a research paper: linking of the
review to the research questions
Overall perspective on the topic
GUIDELINES
REVIEW THE DOCUMENTATION STYLE (E.G., APA,
MLA, CHICAGO) THAT YOU WILL ADOPT.

SURVEY THE AVAILABLE ONLINE DATABASES

RELEVANT TO THE TOPIC.

INCLUDE LANDMARK STUDIES OR PAPERS

RELATED TO THE TOPIC.
GUIDELINES
FOCUS ON THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS,
METHODOLOGY, MAJOR FINDINGS AND
CONCLUSION.

USE A CONCEPT MAP TO SUMMARIZE THE

DETAILS.

USE HEADINGS AND SUBHEADINGS TO CLASSIFY

THE PARTS OF YOUR TOPIC.
RESEARCH REPORT
a well-written paper that presents
interpretations and analyses of a
phenomenon based on experiments and
previous information
a document prepared by researchers or
statisticians after analyzing information
gathered by conducting a systematic
research
 PARTS OF A
RESEARCH REPORT
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review (Related concepts and
related studies)
Methodology
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Reference
GUIDELINES
BE SURE TO CITE ALL YOUR SOURCES WHETHER
THEY ARE PARAPHRASED OR DIRECTLY QUOTED.

STRICTLY FOLLOW THE REQUIRED

DOCUMENTATION STYLE.

TOPICS SHOULD BE RELEVANT, INTERESTING,

CURRENT, AND MANAGEABLE.
GUIDELINES
RESEARCH QUESTIONS SHOULD DIRECTLY
ADDRESS THE GIVEN TOPIC OR THESIS
STATEMENT.

ALWAYS PREPARE THE REFERENCE LIST.

USE DIRECT QUOTATIONS SPARINGLY;

PARAPHRASE AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.
PROJECT PROPOSAL

a highly persuasive and informative

document that aims to address a
particular problem or issue
the initial framework for establishing
the project's concept
includes the timeline, budget, and
objectives
GUIDELINES
THE TITLE PAGE MUST BE UNNUMBERED. THE
ABSTRACT IS CONSIDERED PAGE 1.

IN THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION, USE A

GANTT CHART FOR PRESENTING THE
TIMEFRAME.

STUDY OTHER SUCCESSFUL PROPOSALS THAT

ARE SIMILAR TO YOURS.
GUIDELINES
BE FACTUAL BUT USE TECHNICAL TERMS
SPARINGLY.

CHOOSE A READER-FRIENDLY FORMAT.

USE ACTION WORDS TO MAKE YOUR PROPOSAL

MORE DYNAMIC.
POSITION PAPER

presents one's stand or viewpoint on a

particular issue
aims to take part in a larger debate by
stating one's arguments and proposed
course of action
POSITION PAPER

The goal of a position paper is to

convince the audience that your
opinion is valid and worth listening to.
Ideas that you are considering need to
be carefully examined in choosing a
topic, developing your argument, and
organizing your paper.
POSITION PAPER

It is very important to ensure that you

are addressing all sides of the issue
and presenting it in a manner that is
easy for your audience to understand.
Your job is to take one side of the
argument and persuade your audience
that you have well-founded
knowledge of the topic being
presented.
POSITION PAPER

It is important to support your

argument with evidence to ensure the
validity of your claims, as well as to
address the counterclaims to show
that you are well informed about both
sides.
ISSUE CRITERIA
To take a side on a subject, you should first establish
the plausibility of a topic that interests you. Ask
yourself the following questions to ensure that you
will be able to present a strong argument:
 Is it a real issue, with genuine controversy and
uncertainty?
 Can you distinctly identify two positions?
 Are you personally interested in advocating one of
these positions?
 Is the issue narrow enough to be manageable?
SAMPLE OUTLINE FOR A POSITION
PAPER
I. Introduction
a. Introduce the topic
b. Provide background on the
topic
c. Assert the thesis (your view
of the issue) - Thesis
statement
 WHAT IS A THESIS
STATEMENT???
A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a
signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why.
The best thesis statements are:

Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more

words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two
sentences.
Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that
everyone already knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires
further evidence or analysis to back it up.
Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be
supported and explained in the rest of your paper.
 WHERE IS THE THESIS
STATEMENT?

The thesis statement generally appears at the end of your essay

introduction or research paper introduction.

 WHERE IS THE THESIS
STATEMENT?
The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on
the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts
and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many
who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming
and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is
misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many
benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to
information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning
environment for both students and teachers.
 WHERE IS THE THESIS
STATEMENT?
The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on
the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts
and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many
who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming
and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is
misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many
benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to
information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning
environment for both students and teachers.
 ARGUMENTATIVE THESIS
STATEMENT
In an argumentative paper, you are making a claim about a topic and justifying
this claim with reasons and evidence. This claim could be an opinion, a policy
proposal, an evaluation, a cause- and-effect statement, or an interpretation.
However, this claim must be a statement that people could possibly disagree
with, because the goal of your paper is to convince your audience that your
claim is true based on your presentation of your reasons and evidence.

TS= Topic + Claim(s)/ Assertion(s) + Reasons/

Evidence
 ARGUMENTATIVE THESIS
STATEMENT
Technology has decreased our level of connectedness to others because it
allows us to disconnect from the people in our physical environment and it
does not foster the social skills needed in order to help us connect to those
around us.

TS= Topic + Claim(s)/ Assertion(s) + Reasons/

Evidence
 ARGUMENTATIVE THESIS
STATEMENT
Technology has decreased our level of connectedness to others because it
allows us to disconnect from the people in our physical environment and it
does not foster the social skills needed in order to help us connect to those
around us.

TS= Topic + Claim(s)/ Assertion(s) + Reasons/

Evidence
SAMPLE OUTLINE FOR A POSITION
PAPER
II. Counter Argument
a. Summarize the
counterclaims
b. Provide supporting
information for
counterclaims
c. Refute the counterclaims
d. Give evidence for argument
SAMPLE OUTLINE FOR A POSITION
PAPER
III. Your Argument
A. Assert point #1 of your claims
Give your opinion
Provide support
B. Assert point #2 of your claims
Give your opinion
Provide support
C. Assert point #3 of your claims
Give your opinion
Provide support
SAMPLE OUTLINE FOR A POSITION
PAPER
IV. Conclusion
Restate your argument
Provide a plan of action
ANY QUESTIONS OR
CLASSIFICATIONS?
 REMINDERS
EXIT TICKET

SCAFFOLD 1: TOPIC MATRIX

 REFERENCE
Barrot, J. S. (2016). Academic reading and writing for
senior high school. C & E Publishing, Inc.

In 3-5 sentences, compare...

Book Review/ Article Review vs. Movie Review

Annotated Bibliography vs. Literature Review

in 3-5 sentences what is....

Project Proposal
Research Report/ Paper